From theCUBE Studios in Palo Alto in Boston, it's theCUBE, covering empowering the autonomous enterprise, brought to you by Oracle Consulting. Welcome back theCUBE, I'm Dave Vellante. We're covering the transformation of Oracle Consulting, specifically focused on really what is, well, I consider a rebirth from really staff augmentation to a much more strategic partner for customers. And with me to explore that a little bit is Sherry Lautenback. She's the Senior Vice President of Cloud Key Accounts at Oracle. And we're also joined by Pat Mungovan, who's a Group VP for the North American Cloud Strategy, also at Oracle. Folks, welcome to theCUBE, thanks for coming on. Thanks, Dave. Thanks for having us. You're welcome. So Sherry, you're out talking to customers a lot. And I'm curious as to what that conversation is like, specifically as it relates to consulting. Are you bringing Oracle Consulting now into the conversation? What's that conversation like? Absolutely, in fact, every conversation we have relating to our cloud strategy, Oracle Consulting is part and parcel to that. They are not staff augmentation, they are actually the digital transformation arm of what we do around cloud. So it's been really interesting to see what they've been able to do in terms of changing the narrative of what we do at Oracle from just a software company to really transforming to a cloud provider. The strategy obviously a fundamental part of any customer interaction, but what are you seeing, what underscores customer strategies? What are the business drivers for them right now? What are the catalysts that are driving their technology spending decisions? I think a lot of it depends upon, especially in the times that we're in now, depends upon the industry that they're in, but most importantly, what we're seeing is right now is durability. So we want to make sure that the customers that have our Oracle customers and others have an opportunity to have disaster recovery, business continuity. In this stage right now, it's less about expansion per se, unless they're in an industry that's uniquely positioned for that, and more about durability of the overall strategy. So when we look at that durability, we think about two core missions. We think about sort of back office operations and continuity, and then we think about transformational revenue generation. And so when we partner with OCS, we want to make sure that we have both of those concepts in mind. You know, there's a lot of, we have a lot of talk about, in our community, about Cloud First. I think Oracle has sort of put forth the gauntlet of, look, we're leading now with Cloud. You both have Cloud in your title, but obviously being Cloud First is more than that. Sherri, I wonder if you could talk about your customers and your Cloud journey and share with us and kind of convince us that you are Cloud First. I joined Oracle about 11 months ago. It was in the industry for about 25 years and I joined specifically because I believe in what Oracle is doing around this Cloud journey. We are in our second generation of Cloud capabilities and that's purposeful. And we do that because we realize that where Cloud started and where we are today are two totally different things. And so we have capabilities around security, viability, extensions with autonomous that other Cloud providers just simply don't have. And we built these round-up to ensure that we can run Oracle workloads, databases and applications far better than any other Cloud provider. So it's a super exciting time to be at Oracle and it's absolutely fascinating what our customers are doing to adopt our technology. I want to ask you a sort of similar question. How fundamental is, you know, Cloud to organization strategies? Obviously everybody has a Cloud strategy but I'm specifically asking as it relates to mission critical workloads because let's face it, that's been the hardest to move into the Cloud. So when you're out talking to customers about their strategy and obviously dovetailing at the Oracle strategy, how do you align those? So first, I think I would respond in the following way. When I think about our portfolio, I don't necessarily say Cloud first, I say customer first. And I really want the customer to make a decision based upon a deployment model that makes sense for that particular customer whether it's a regulated industry or the public sector or any sort of compliance considerations. So Oracle is one of the very few enterprise class Cloud providers that has obviously on-premise capabilities as well. And so 99% of the cases that we see with the exception of some of the sort of startup SMB type folks that are born in the Cloud, we're dealing with the hybrid Cloud model anyway. And so that's kind of the first order of priorities. What's right for the customer and let's make sure that we get the appropriate deployment model for that customer. In terms of enterprise, essentially the workloads that we have, whether it's Cloud or on-prem or enterprise workloads, and those are kind of separated into two buckets. One would be for mission, sort of the revenue generation side and one would be mission critical, sort of the back office side. So Oracle is historically tremendous at the back office side, running finance, running operations, running the supply chain, doing those things that are mission critical on the core mission side. That's really where we're starting to focus now which is getting out into the revenue generation, the mission of the entity with things like high performance compute and making sure that we have an ability to support our customers on both sides of the spectrum. Sherry, why are customers wanting to put mission critical workloads in the Cloud? Is it the same sort of cloud agility and cost, et cetera, et cetera? I mean, why not just leave it on-prem and keep it protected and maybe spend a little bit more? What's the driver for moving mission critical workloads at the Cloud? Well, I think it's dependent upon what the initiatives are in the company, right? If they're looking for cost reduction, are they looking for top line growth? Are they looking for different capabilities around security that the Cloud can provide? The great thing about what we do is we have optimized all of our workloads, both our database and our applications, into our Cloud. So we're providing additional capabilities but we're also saving a lot of money. So we say all the time that put us to the test, let us quantify what we would look like in the Cloud with our workloads versus a competitor and we will guarantee that we'll save you a lot of money. So I think that a lot of it has to do with, one, it starts with potentially cost reduction, but then they start seeing additional business value driven out of and back to Oracle Consulting. What Oracle Consulting provides in terms of the business value in the Cloud is transformative for our customers. Talk about how you lead in these customer conversations. Right. Well, normally our entry point is one understanding what the business drivers are, right? It has to be a business led discussion. It really isn't a technology starter point, right? It really is around what business problems are you trying to solve and how can we help you solve them? And because we know your environments, we know what databases are deployed and where they're deployed, what Oracle applications you're leveraging to run your business, we can, I think, successfully position ourselves very, very competitively against other Cloud providers. And I think that has been, some of this resonated incredibly well with our customers and in fact, our largest customer. Yeah, so it seems like Oracle Consulting is an important ingredient as part of that strategy, because again, if it was five years ago, it was just staff augmentation, that's really not a compelling conversation to have with customers. But if you can come in with a mindset of strategic partner, you're bringing in Deloitte. We've been talking to some of their professionals about the Elevate program with Oracle. That's a nice lever that you can take advantage of. Absolutely, and in fact, we've seen that that is a huge opportunity for us because one, the partnership with Deloitte is incredibly strategic. We also partner with other companies like Accenture and DXC and IBM, handedly. And Oracle Consulting is incredibly flexible in terms of what kind of partnerships and alignment they have with our customers. And it's really based on what the customer references. Not just about feature, function, speeds and feeds. Maybe you could address that and where does Oracle Consulting fit in that equation? We firmly believe that every customer is going to want to have a different option for what they do in the cloud. And based on the providers. So we, one, we've partnered with Microsoft and we actually can interconnect our clouds together to provide that kind of flexibility to our customers. And consulting is a key component of that. So to engage our customers and talk about our Microsoft integration, our partnership. Oracle Consulting is the arm that does that work for us. So we are seeing them come about in a much different way in a way that's differentiated between other consulting staff, augmentation firms. I want to end on growth, Pat, and maybe talk about, maybe everyone wants a week in cloud. Cloud is the growth business. We've got Oracle's business. Everybody's business. Cloud is growing. Everything else is either hanging on or declining. So it's all about growth. How do you drive growth? What is cloud's role in terms of the growth strategy and maybe add some color to that narrative? From a product perspective, I think we're sort of a luxury of riches around the autonomous capabilities that you haven't talked about. So that's something that's incredibly unique for Oracle. The autonomous database and all the autonomous services are coming out. And that autonomous gets back to what we talked about earlier around security, around performance, around scalability, and all these things so that ultimately we're positioning the capabilities of the future, but we're positioning them today. So we're a market leader in this space. Not only is the Oracle database, as you pointed out, the market leader, we're a market leader in ERP Cloud and a bunch of the SaaS areas. But this autonomous segment of the market is crucial for us and crucial to our growth. Yeah, it really isn't an abler. What I've been saying is that it's almost compulsory for Oracle to participate and compete in the cloud because it gives you that automation and that scale. But you're talking about also setting up some future advantages of being able to take advantage of data. The combination of data, AI and cloud is the new superpower within the industry. Sherry, I want to end on you. 11 months in at Oracle. Let's say things work out great.  You look back. What does success look like? Success looks like every one of our customers moving into the Oracle Cloud and seeing incredible business value from that. Partnering with Oracle Consulting. That's what my success criteria is. Guys, listen, thanks so much for coming on theCUBE where we've been tracking this transformation of Oracle Consulting and one of the things that's very clear is Oracle is obviously serious about cloud but also seriously about bringing in new talent and new skill sets to really not only transform Oracle but help transform your customers. So thank you for your time. Really appreciate it. Thanks so much. Yeah, you bet. Thank you. All right. And thank you everybody for watching. This is Dave Vellante for theCUBE. We'll see you next time.


All right everybody welcome to Iran book show on this Friday morning I am in Denver Colorado actually technically a world of Colorado and you have spoken the overwhelming response I got and comments and Twitter and elsewhere was that morning shows summarizing the news short shows you know maybe 30 minutes is something you guys value so here I am now the real measure of the fact that you value this will be your financial support so in order to keep these going I'd like to see either you know continued support on super chat so far the last two mornings were fantastic on super chat for a half an hour show or increased support on the on the monthly basis but this is my plan and the plan will only be implemented in December because of my travel schedule although I'll try to implement it as much as possible in between but the plan is to do these shows every morning at 11 a.m. Puerto Rican time which will be 10 a.m. east coast time 7 a.m. west coast time this will be great for the Europeans but to do this to do is basically every day five days away not every day five days a week during the week no news on the weekend you should be relaxing and enjoying yourself and having a good time and then adjust the evening shows to maybe three times a week where we go deeper into topics more more urans rules for life type shows more philosophical issues maybe more interviews we'll do this in the evenings because we'll get kind of the the news round up done in the morning so that is the plan it will be implemented I think consistently starting and then again consistently is hot in my life but consistently starting in December once I stop traveling although we'll try to get it going on a partial basis next week to the extent that I can while I'm traveling and then again the week of Thanksgiving because I'll be home in the week of Thanksgiving we'll do some although again on holidays no news updates unless something dramatic happens holidays are supposed to be a time where you shouldn't be listening to the news right so so that's the plan again you know if you like this plan I'd appreciate it if you express that in both super chat and in the but an ongoing basis of subject not just today and then a monthly support if some of you could increase monthly support or some of you who don't support the show monthly do so on patreon subscribe star locals or on uranbookshow.com slash support through paypal so you've got every option in the world you can either do it through venmo if you want to do through venmo you just have to email me and I'll give you the details and how to support the show on venmo all right so today the topics are going to continue to be very similar to what they were in the last couple years because it is what dominates the news cycle right now and that is we'll start quickly with good news out of Ukraine and then and then we'll turn to elections and then we'll see how much time we have to cover other things and of course we'll try to do as many of the super chat questions as we can in these morning shows and maybe the super chat questions we should try to focus the super chat questions on newsy like events so that would that would be that would be terrific so we keep consistent with with the theme so starting with Ukraine I find it really interesting so I wake up this morning and I look at the headlines as usual and the headlines as usual are always hesitant and and and timid and so the headlines with things like both Ukraine and Russia have something to lose from Russia's retreat from Gershon and Russia retreating from Gershon is this good for Ukrainians or is it not who knows God and and of course it's all like the Russians intend to retreat but will they actually retreat and then you go and you actually look at the actual original news sources you go back and you look at up to date what's actually happening on the ground now because of course in Ukraine the day is already late it's it's the I don't know eight hours forward or whatever depending on where you are in the US and you know the Ukrainian flag is already flying in the middle of the city of Gershon Ukrainian troops are basically taking the entire north coast the north side of the Gershon province the Russians have retreated what is exactly the downside for Ukraine for this massive victory what is exactly the potential upside for Russia for this clear defeat remember Gershon is one of the provinces that Putin annexed to Russia so technically according to Russia Gershon is a Russian province and the city of Gershon the city itself is a is the capital of the province so god there's nothing there's nothing negative there's nothing to hedge there's not you know and then I look back and if you look at all the headlines from the beginning of this war throughout the war they are so negative there's so what's the word you know respectful of Russia and respectful of Russian military strength and convinced that Russia is going to win this I mean there's even an article in foreign affairs magazine foreign affairs magazine the premier foreign affairs publication out there and and the foreign affairs magazine the title of it I just tweeted it out the title of it is something like western weaponry will not make any difference in Ukraine it will not help the Ukrainians stand up to the Russians I mean talk about a title that did not age well talk about a situation where it was it was completely completely completely wrong uh so uh anyway so uh yeah Ukraine has had a major success uh Gershon is now held by the Ukrainians I mean northern Gershon southern Gershon is still Russian we now starting to enter winter I was reminded of the fact that it is winter because in Ohio and Indiana the weather was amazing it was it was in the 60s and sun was shining I reminded of the fact that it was winter when I arrived in Colorado last night it is frigging cold here I was just looking it's 21 degrees outside right now now the sun is shining that's the beauty of Denver 21 degrees I'm not built for 21 degrees you know that this is not this is not appropriate for human life where is global warming when you need it anyway I'll be leaving the hotel in a little while in a few minutes actually um and wrapping myself up to keep myself warm but I'll be giving a talk at 10 30 this morning it is right now close to nine o'clock my talks in Colorado are never videotaped uh the talk unfortunately yesterday was not videotaped um that it was a debate it was kind of a debate on the regulatory state but they did not videotape enough unfortunately um all right so good news out of Ukraine the Ukrainians continue to to to succeed against the Russians and push the Russians out of Ukraine and regain regain the territory from from the Russians elections we don't know much more today than we did yesterday which is in and itself newsworthy that is the the very fact that you know in the United States of America it takes days and indeed weeks to determine races is pretty primitive and pretty ridiculous I mean Brazil um Brazil a country far poorer than the United States a country with a large population 250 million a country with a vast territory that is a geographically it's a big country I mean it was in less than 24 hours they had it done it was finished I mean there are claims now fraud and they want recounts and all that but you know I don't think those claims are anymore uh based on any more facts than the Trump claims were based on any facts I don't know if you know but in Brazil there are massive demonstrations on behalf of Bolsonaro all over cities hundreds of thousands of people out in the streets in support of Bolsonaro and against Lula in spite of that I think Lula will be appointed uh will be sworn in as president on I think it's January 1 but the election goes relatively smoothly and I think because it's automated in Europe when elections happen we know we know the next day who won who lost and it's finished and it you know it it shouldn't take we live in a world where I'm I'm left grieving to you guys instantaneously over the web video you know how difficult is it to to create an electronic system of voting where uh that is secure uh and where we get results instantaneously instantaneously um so it's um it truly is shocking disappointing ridiculous absurd and of course Republicans uh want to go backwards I mean they're good conservatives they want to conserve the bad voting we have in the United States they want because they don't trust technology and they don't trust their machines the machines are rigged the software it's watching you it's going to control you anyway they are they want all elections now to be hand counted let's take a couple of months what the hell imagine imagine an election system in which you could do it at home uh and and and just go online and vote doesn't have to be a ceremony it doesn't have to be inconvenient it doesn't have to be a track it doesn't have to involve why can't you do it on your phone now there's security issues but god I mean how difficult could this issue be get I don't know get Elon Musk and and and Peter Teal and and I don't know jude saw us together and they can solve this problem I'm kidding but you know solve the electronics problem and let us vote on phone and let's get the results within five minutes I mean as soon as voting ends five minutes later we should have the total results I mean I mean our election system is a system run by leadites but leadites and it's absurd and ridiculous I mean I think we have cryptographers in the United States who can make a system like this immune from hacking uh there are all kinds of ways you could do this I think now maybe I'm wrong maybe there's somebody here who knows software and everything else you could do it on the blockchain which could verify your identity you could upload a you could you could confirm it with a picture you could upload a passport or a driver's license ID you know imagine that having voting with IDs and we could get this done anyway we don't have results so we still don't know who's going to control the house we certainly don't know who's going to control the Senate we might not know that until the runoff in Georgia it's still looks likely but not super likely but just likely you know there's a the odds favor the Republican still winning in Nevada the odds favor the Democrat winning in Arizona and as a consequence of that that would give that would give the Democrats 49 and the Republicans 50 and it would all basically turn on Georgia on the Georgian runoff which will be done in December I understand runoffs runoffs are fine you have a wall you have to get more than 50% fine but that you can't vote you can't actually count votes the second the other thing is the house the house is taking much longer it's it's it's it's ridiculous we still don't know again likely the odds favor the Republicans winning the house no certainty there it's precinct by precinct it's you know it's it's district by district it's and you have more districts that favor Republicans and Democrats Republicans need fewer at this point seats wins to get to a majority so again it's likely Republicans will have a majority what what what shocking is not only the time it takes but what shocking is how I don't think anybody I literally I don't think anybody predicted that we would not know the house who won the house three days after the election I think there was you know they weren't sure about the Senate the polls were mixed in the Senate but the house the house it was clear Republicans going to win that there was no question everybody predicted that and yet look where we are with three days later and we still don't know you know let's see let's see what happens but it does look like that's the house will go Republican people are being analyzing the election results I've been reading a bunch of analysis and I think the overwhelming conclusion is and this is the conclusion I had the day of the election the overwhelming conclusion is that the the affiliation with Trump and the affiliation with denying the 2020 elections had a clearly negative correlation with your success in the ballot now not for everybody some deniers got in smoothly but most of them the closer you with Trump the more you emphasize the denier the worst you did now again there's some exceptions to that so candidate quality was the big issue Republicans lost because the candidates sucked more moderate Republicans or less Trumpist Republicans less conspiracy theory oriented Republicans would have won in a lot of these races and you can see that for example take Georgia Kemp who if you remember Kemp who ran for governor stood up to Trump in 2020 and he got elected by a massive margin right there was some expectation that the Democrats would do well in Georgia in the governor race given how well they did in 2020 and given how well they did in 2018 when the race between Kemp and Stacey Adams was quite close this time it wasn't even close she's not claiming voter fraud this time because he trounced her trounced her so why didn't Republicans down ballot particularly in the Senate do as well as Kemp did if Kemp could attract all these voters being a Republican a Republican who stood up to Trump why didn't Walker get the same votes well because of his closest to Trump his closest to the election denial he did not get the votes and you can see this in place after place after place you see the same kind of pattern you see Republican governors who've done the hard work who've governed who are not kind of associated with Trump they did phenomenally well and even Republicans who won senators like JD Vance did okay they won but they didn't win by anywhere close to the margins the governors did so there's a real case here for the Republican party to move away from Trump if it wants to be successful in the future maybe one of the most surprising results in the house this round now the results are not in yet so we don't have fine account but it doesn't really matter because the direction here is important and that is here in Colorado I mean in election denier a Trumpist the worst kind of Republican but she was in a district where she won last time by a big margin everybody expected her to win it wasn't even it wasn't a lean Republican it was a no this is a Republican county and it's it hasn't been called because it's so close last night I think the Democrat was leading by like 60 votes I think as of this morning she was leading by about a thousand votes I think as they count more votes who knows what'll happen she probably will win in the end because this is a solidly Republican district but to win by such a small margin well maybe maybe people are sick maybe even Republicans are sick of the Q and on election denying Trumpist nonsense and what they want is I don't know at least normal see I don't know what normalcy is but I don't think they want compromising sellout Republicans but maybe they want some kind of sense of normalcy maybe radicalism on behalf of liberty somebody should try that try radicalism on behalf of liberty on behalf of freedom now maybe that won't sell either but at least it would be nice to have somebody try it somebody out there should run on a just a pro free markets pro limited government pro individual rights pro shrinking government pro even you know let's let's do a test let's run it on reforming medic and and and Medicaid and Social Security let's run on an actual liberty platform not as a libertarian as a Republican let's run on such a platform let's see what happens it would be interesting and not as an objectivist you don't have to be radical do it all the way phasing out modifying changing trimming moving in the right direction don't be radical it's not going to happen tomorrow just orientation how about a candidate who runs on a pro liberty orientation not final thing orientation jeremy says paul ryan problem with paul ryan is he would often talk like that and he would often propose legislation like that i mean paul ryan as much as people love to hate him he's the one who proposed a budget that converted Medicaid to a voucher system which would have been brilliant god would that be brilliant and and all kinds of stuff like that and the republicans he and the republicans proposed those kind of budgets when they were in the opposition and they knew they would never pass as you know when they hold held the house but they didn't have the white house of the senate so they knew it would be vetoed as soon as they became the majority they abandoned it and paul ryan unfortunately has a long long long long long long track record of talking the talk and then when it comes to voting voting the status line so for example he voted for the expansion of medicaid part d of medicare he's he voted for a lot of really really crappy government expansions in the bush years he did not stand on principle at all so we need somebody who is quote normal but who who actually not just pushes for a a a pro liberty agenda but votes that way and consistently votes that way and plays it plays it consistently so so we will see so again lesson learned from this election i keep repeating this and i know i'm a little repetitive lesson learned is um they need uh they need to move they need to move on from trump and they need to move away from trump it's pretty it's it's pretty obvious um connoisseur senate is going to be 51 49 democrats potentially if if republicans certainly if republicans republicans will lose nevada if they then lose it well if republicans lose nevada and arizona uh then it's uh it then the runoff um the runoff will determine whether it's 51 49 or 50 50 i think nevada is key and of course the runoff in in georgia i don't know how the runoff in georgia will play out but i think the the nevada is going to be close so until we get those off on nevada i'm not gonna i'm not going to predict here but there are reasons to believe that in spite of the fact that the republicans are holding a lead in nevada that lead might uh disappear because uh the remaining votes are democratic votes and that ultimately the democrat will win um all right let's see uh let's see where we are um you know another just a quick story that i was reading about was uh you remember the south korean stampede a hundred thousand people were in these little alleys and narrow alleys around it's one in in south korea a stampede it wasn't even a stampede they didn't rush anyway it was just the just a sheer number of people landed up crushing 150 people to death 200 people injured almost all of them young you know teenagers or in the early 20s most of them girls just horrible horrific well there's a big investigation going on in south korea into uh you know what happened and why the police didn't kind of clear the crowd seeing the problem this is kind of the stuff that police should be doing in terms of recognizing a real potential problem and trying to not allow crowds like that in little alleys to accumulate um and it turned out to a number of like 14 i think phone calls made into the police in the hours before um the actual tragedy happened and police went out there they scattered the crowd and then they they left they didn't they didn't stay they didn't uh and um so there seems to be some kind of police failure and the north koreans are the south korean sorry are really investigating this and um they came to the conclusion that you know that after the fact one of the policemen um one of the policemen had uh deleted some of the information that showed the incompetence and the incompetence of the of the police and uh deleted some of the um some of the intelligence the police had that showed that they should have known better and they should have done more and they could have prevented this this morning uh they were investigating that they found that the policeman who had deleted this stuff he was part of the intelligence unit of the south korean police uh this morning they uh they found him dead in his home almost certainly from suicide um it is interesting the way um some asian cultures respond to failure um there are consequences there are consequences and uh he knew there would be consequences and he took his own life um i mean i'm still waiting to see what the consequence is going to be for the complete failure of what was the name of that town in texas would vala vala where they didn't storm the classroom where they waited and waited and waited and waited and and kids were dying and bleeding out and and really nothing happened and what are going to be the consequences now i don't expect anybody to commit suicide and i i i'm not suggesting that's the appropriate way to do it but it's clear that in south korea there were going to be consequences the question is uh of all day will there be real consequences to the to the complete disaster that i think was uh uvaldo in terms of uh in terms of that all right final story i think uh an important story and and i think you'll all agree with me a good story a good outcome at least for now we'll see how this uh works through the court but yesterday a um a a judge in texas ruled that the by the ministration did that i did not have the authority to um to do the the student loan forgiveness program the judge ruled that that should have been a legislative issue and not uh an executive issue that it was beyond the authority of the executive i'm always happy when the executive power is reduced i think executive power in the united states uh has uh has just become ridiculous executive orders uh it feels authoritarian uh we have a system of checks and balances we have a system that delegates to the legislature certain things and a system a system that delegates to the executive certain things and we've completely abandoned that system where executives now do a lot of what the legislature should do including uh including elements of farm policy and declaring war and tariffs you know the tariffs should be something the legislature passes no the legislature given that authority to the executive well in this case the court ruled that the executive does not have the authority to unilaterally do away with these student loans um it's a it's a it's a lengthy decision it's not a likely health decision now it is a um a trump a point t but i don't think that's going to matter i i think uh you you know we'll see uh whether the bite administration will appeal this there's still no word if they will or not um but as of five minutes ago cnbc is reporting that the bite administration will stop taking applications for student loan forgiveness so a win we got a win and as i've said often i actually think the healthiest portion of our system our system of government in spite of Hobbes the healthiest portion of our system of government are the courts i i think you're going to see the courts particularly supreme court rein in executive power at least to some extent but more importantly i think you're going to see the supreme court rein in um uh the authority of agencies uh of of regulatory agencies i think there's this important um there's going to be significant work uh to rein in uh the power of the epa of of of different regulatory agencies and giving the power back to the legislature now i think i think a lot of what the legislature does should be ruled unconstitutional i don't think that will happen but at least we're going to see the the the um what do you call it the administrate what people call the administrative state the regulatory state reigned in by by the courts now this is counter to the new republican judicial theory theories coming out of ver mule in in harvard and others and we'll see how long they have before they have an impact on the courts uh ver mule and and uh you know and others uh who argue that the administrative state should be used more and should actually be grown from a public and perspective to impose right wing ideals on us but that that is not the position of the court today uh people like gorsuch and even alito but gorsuch and thomas have a decent uh view a good view of of of regarding rating in the regulatory state and that's going to be one thing that i think is gonna the courts are gonna do well and i think here's another one um i think this court would have ruled obamacare unconstitutional um i think this composition of the court so things like that are going to be ruled unconstitutional things like this are going to be uh are going to be sent back to the legislature things like this um like the student law and forgiveness are not moving forward and that is good that is good um all right uh let's see are we here did we lose connection or are we all good all right um let me do some super chats i don't have a lot of time here because i do have to want to give a talk uh and it's it's i have to get an uber and i have to pack and i have to get an uber to get out there but let me just do this quickly uh so let's do a few super chats and move on um thank you uh shakato ha ha ha ha mad says uh uh the short morning shows a great addition to your channel it's uh night time here so it's perfect for me so thank you ha ha ha mad you you contributing in dollars i can't tell where you're from but uh fifty dollars uh that is great um all right thomas uh shabbat thank you thomas did the us and uk need the soviet union to help defeat nazi germany rusevelt and churcho clearly thought so although churcho was clearly for less uh naive about stalin and rusevelt was you know it's hard to tell how naive or not they were they were might have been but um look it means it depends what you mean by needed the soviet union i think um they had the soviet union whether they supported the soviet union or not that is it is hitler that opened up a second front it is remember and this this is important to remind people all the time world war two begun when hitler and important and capital and and starlin invaded poland starlin was hitler's ally in the beginning of world war two and that is super important nobody remembers that nobody talks about it but it's super important so hitler did not need to open a second front starlin was his ally so um hitler opening up a second front was good for the u.s and and uk it helped expedite the war the question is did the united states need to massively support starlin in his effort to fight hitler and i think the answer is no i ran certainly thought the answer was no um both starlin and hitler ultimately were weak and uh they would have fought and fought and fought and fought now the russians uh it would have taken longer for the russians to win it would have cost them a lot more uh but they would still have you know maybe maybe uh hitler would have made it to that to to to moscow ultimately napoleon made it to moscow but the winters are brutal and uh and it would have drained troops both from uh from uh from hitler and i think the war would have happened was maybe the war would have been a little longer maybe i'm not even sure of that particularly if if uh if the united states had like patin run the war then it would have been uh significantly shorter but uh on the on the ally side instead of compromising politicizing eisenhower um but what so many would have happened is that he said europe wouldn't have fallen into the soviet union russia would have taken it would have had a much harder time defeating the the the nazis maybe they never would have maybe they would have been fighting it to a to kind of stay on me it's some way in russia maybe they would have been but that would have still occupied uh nazi troops and all the west needed all the us and the uk needed was nazi troops to be occupied on the eastern front once they were occupied there i don't think the us needed a soviet victory they just need a soviet to keep the nazis occupied uh and i think that would have happened no matter what so i you never you never finance your enemy you never send them troops we shouldn't have done that with being laden uh in afghanistan and we shouldn't have done it with uh starlin in um in world war two and i think the consequence of doing it with starlin world war two is that we handed them all of eastern europe just the travesty and even that was not necessary because again patin could have taken eastern europe parts of eastern europe at least before the russians ever got there but eisenhower and the rest of the and f dr and churchell made promises to starlin and they kept those promises but the promise was to enslave you know all the peoples of eastern europe for decades and decades which is horrific and why they would do such a thing after compromising with hitland seeing that what where that led it's it's it's hard to believe the power that pragmatism has on people uh but it certainly it certainly does in our politicians all right quickly let's do a few other super chats and really let's try to do for these morning shows let's try to do super chats that are more related to the newsy stuff and the bigger questions the big issue stuff let's try to do for the evening ones um so so if you can ask news related questions but we'll see all right michael asks most of human history is just new new people making old mistakes yeah i mean i've often said um i've often said that people don't learn from experience because you need ideas to be able to learn the appropriate lessons from experience you need a positive philosophy you can't just learn from the mistake happening you have to actually understand what happened you have to understand causality you have to understand you know what what drove the mistake what what's what's going on all right um it still amazes me how much deeper this is michael how much deeper i ran is than any of these clowns absolutely uh michael uh if a man does not control his temper is it it is a sad admission that he is not in control of his thoughts i think that's right but look sometimes sometimes you get angry and but you're right the key is controlling the key is to to find a way to control it all right colt says i'm disappointed in the GOP but they got what they deserve yes colt they did i really hope they learned their lesson the ukraine issue almost maybe almost made me not vote for them also did ukraine impact this midterm keep it up i think it probably did again i don't think it i think only at the margin but probably did uh you know some of these republicans going after ukraine and being pro-putin i don't think helped a cause i don't think mainline republicans out there are pro-putin i don't think mainline republicans out there i think supports ukraine i want to see ukraine defeated even a lot of people i know who supported trump still think that ukraine should be defeated and it's okay to support uh the ukraine in an effort to defeat russia russia should be defeated sorry uh so i think i think that definitely had an impact i do think that this election is good for ukraine that is i think mccarthy who said i'm not sure the republicans will support the ukraine effort i think they will support it i think that the margin of victory is so small that they will go along with this one um as part of what they do so so i do think this is good for the ukraine war this outcome i i think if they'd one big they might have taken that as a mandate to do some to stop the funding to ukraine and that would have been i i think that would have been bad uh bonnie says you are appreciated thank you bonnie i really appreciated that i appreciate the fact that i'm appreciated by some uh shock at tour says started watching your show quite regularly after attending in person debate with richard wolf thank you for your show wow that's spectacular i'm curious shock at tour when you came to the debate with richard wolf you were you already on my side what were your what were your political philosophical views at that point had you read ein rand before the debate have you read ein rand after the debate that would all be amazing information for me to just get a get a good sense of uh of all of that all right that is it for the super chat thank you for all the contributors if shock at tour writes that up in the comments quickly that would be great i don't know kathryn we're going to have to set some goals for the shorter programs that are maybe not obviously lower than the than the long programs but are still significant that is still respectful respect respectful respectable uh but um we'll see how all this evolves all right everybody um new goals for short shows maybe it's on like $250 or something like that that would be good uh and uh and that will encourage maybe some people to to help get us there uh some of our wales to get us there all right thanks everybody uh let's see um over the weekend we'll do some regular shows um not sure about saturday but suddenly sunday and hopefully we'll have a show on monday as well and then next week i might do some of these morning shows or not i'll be in costa weekend mexico so it's really going to depend on the quality of the high of the wi-fi and also the timing of my flights so i just don't know if it is uh if it is realistic and to what extent it's realistic all right thanks everybody have a great week hopefully by next week we'll know a little bit more about who actually won these elections somebody work on this solve the problem you know get along musk and those guys on on on you know not just tinkering with twitter oh i i did want to say quickly i'm just going to say this quickly because i have to run i i wasn't i there was a a lawn musk did on twitter he did a uh like a news conference type thing or q and a and uh on on audio and i participated i can't remember what platform it was but i i found out it through twitter and it was quite interesting i mean obviously he's very thoughtful the guy's very smart i i ended i only listened to segment i would after listening to that segment i'm more optimistic about his ability to reform twitter we will see what actually happens and the fact that there's chaos on twitter right now that's how entrepreneurs often work chaos is a way ultimately to build and i got my blue checkmark i paid eight bucks and i got my blue checkmark i know a lot of people are making fun of me for that but i got it now we'll see if it made up matters if you don't follow me in twitter follow me in twitter now that i have the checkmark as you know it must be me although they didn't do anything to verify my identity i just paid eight bucks and i got it so i don't know in what sense it was verified maybe the credit card had the same name as my name i i don't know has anybody tried to pay the eight bucks and get verified and turned down that would be interesting experiment is this just a way to get eight bucks from us and the checkmark means nothing and the verification means nothing and if it's not verified at all then i was just scammed out of eight bucks that's okay i you know i'm i'm this is an experiment so uh let's see let's see what happens if the eight bucks buys me anything doesn't give me a different status is my twitter accounts are they gonna go faster uh now that i paid the eight bucks it's eight bucks a month all right everybody have a great great weekend uh have a wonderful weekend i will see you all uh suddenly on sunday and uh hopefully you can join them not you exactly what time we'll we'll figure that out but um see you all soon bye everybody


Welcome to Access to Trader, the number one community for those who are committed to taking control of their trading in order to achieve success, profitability, and longevity. Thank you for joining us. Here's Dan Shapiro to help you find your edge, master your process, and own your future. Hey guys, good evening everybody. Welcome to another edition of theaccessotrader.com nightly wrap up show. Hope everybody is having a great day. Hope everybody had a great weekend. And hopefully you're everybody's soul safe and healthy. So let's talk about the markets. If you are new to the channel, please like, subscribe, share, tell a friend. Again, we try to give you guys the most unbiased take day to day of the markets without opinion or any alternative motive. This is just basically what the market is and what the market gives us based on technical analysis. So I invite you guys to all come aboard our little journey here. So let's talk about the tape. So we've been talking about, especially the NASDAQ, did an incredibly great job for the last two weeks on negating headlines, right? Especially in the banking system, if you see now three, four banks have failed now in the last couple of weeks, the latest one has been something we talked about even a weekend update. It's been failing since like 2007. It's been credit suites again over the weekend. There was some rumors that UBS was going to take some sort of marriage and basically in a shotgun wedding, wiped out all of Credit Suisse's unfortunately equity in stock closed in 90 cents, which is not a great thing, not in that a great thing at all. But what this whole move is doing is two things. Number one, NASDAQ has been disconnecting now for two weeks. We know that's a good thing. Again, I think of all the crap that everybody talks about about the government and regulators and this thing. I really do believe that the regulators and the government has done a great job to kind of containing this fire. You could say what you want, but again, they could have let this spread without any type of action. But now it's just basically regulated to individual names and yes, they're disasters with the Credit Suisse's of the world and the SIVB's of the world and this FRC that just looks like it's going to zero. I mean, the stock is down just destroyed, just absolutely destroyed. Retail is trying to balance it, trying to short it. Both sides are going to have it just to leave this damn thing alone and let it play out, let it just go away. But you can see how the market has completely isolated all these stocks with bad toxic news and just moving it forward. The news that the banks were kind of hit and all that good stuff two weeks ago, now the banks negated this news.  And when you look at the down today, all the bad news that was hammering these financial stocks is hammering the S&P and the Dow Jones as a total, we're rallying it today.  This is with all the banks, right? Keep this in mind, this is all the banks. Even last week, a lot of people were shocked, including myself. They looked at the S&P 500 last week with all the dominating names in the banking space. The S&P was up last week, right? And today we started with a nearly 1% gain. The NASDAQ today took a little bit of a backseat. We saw a huge rotation obviously last week from everything into the technology space. A lot of people were talking about this as a potential run up for a potential rate cut. Again, I don't think that's going to happen at the FOMC on Wednesday, but I do believe there's a strong possibility that they don't raise rates, right? Again, that's a whole big different discussion. What's good for the goose might not be good for the gander. But we saw quite a bit of weakness today this morning in the NASDAQ names and stocks that had the big runs, the Microsofts of the world, the AMDs of the world, the Amazons of the world. They had really, really good runs last week. And the cool part about it is the bulls could have easily rolled over today. Easily rolled over, but the Qs, they held the bottom support here on the five-day moving average. You guys remember, we were talking about it last on the weekend, video potential pull into the five-day. That's exactly what we did. And to the bulls credit, not only did they negate again, or just keep on engulfing these bad bank headlines, they held the five-day moving average just like you see here. It held here once, twice, and phase the third time. And now we're looking back for a potential run-up again tomorrow. And again, you've got to give kudos. So you've got to give kudos to the bulls. I think when you look at the strongest space right now, anything to do with the semiconductor space. But for example, you have AMD that broke out, had a huge five-day run backtested today to the five-day. If it starts getting above today's channels tomorrow, this thing has a chance to run. Look at the video. The same thing. The video had, and again, there wasn't a lot of aggressive pivot, say, because everything was in the middle of the range coming out from last week. But names like Nvidia did backtest the five-day. Names like AMD and the Qs did backtest the five-day moving average. And the bulls held serve. They held those areas and started putting back into the clothes and put hammers on pretty much everything across the board. And that basically sets up for tomorrow's day. Look at names, for example, like AMAP. And the semiconductor space looks great. This thing is very close to taking out the February 2nd highs. Look at Apple. Love Apple. Look at Apple. This is the highest close. The whole formation closed right above the February 3rd highs. Looks great. Coming for the 160s. It will come for the 160 to 50 calls, short-term expiration, both weeklies and for next week. Even a name like Vago. Vago Broadcom. Right? You know, look at this. Again, stock trades a lot thinner than the rest of these chips. But boy, oh boy, look at this chart here. This thing starts getting above the top of the range here from the March 6th highs. And this thing's going to start expanding again. So the bulls, again, they took the punch. They took the kidney blow. They gave, you know, they took the uppercut and everything in between. And you know, they closed pretty much at the highs and it's a really good, strong testament. How strong the market, how strong and resilient the bulls really are. But more important, it really does show you how the most toxic headlines right now are being bought. Again, does that change in the near future? Again, you guys see a lot of people telling the world, it's the Fed. The Fed. The Fed. Let's see what the Fed have. Listen, we can't control what the Fed's going to say, right? We don't know. We, you know, now that the Fed is talking potential, no hike, again, it's understandable. Again, I don't believe there will be a, there won't be a rate cut. Anything's possible. Again, if I knew, I would act that way. But I do believe the market is, there isn't an equilibrium, a balance of kind of, you know, taking down curbing inflation, but at the same time not hurting the banks. So I think a realistic point of view and realistic hot take for the FOMC probably will be this time around Fed will probably, right? We don't know, leave rates unchanged. We'll see. We'll see. As you can imagine for today, you know, just because a lot of stocks were getting pulled into their five-day, there wasn't a lot of setups. There was a couple of setups here and there, ultimately a pretty quiet day. But the good news is stocks did close towards the top of the channel, so we should get a lot better value for tomorrow's session than we did in today. So let's talk about, let's talk about some of the pivots today. As you can imagine, again, not a lot of things confirmed today. You got Tesla 176 held twice if it builds below conflush. You traded right down to 176.29, never confirmed. This was the cleanest move of the day. As we talked about it over the weekend, huge run-up last week, NVIDIA inverted hammer on the close, 256.68 if it builds below conflush, and the NVIDIA had a nice move. 258.68 traded all the way down here to the 251.30. It's a nice $5 move on NVIDIA, TTD didn't confirm, COF didn't confirm, but I still like it. Excuse me, excuse me, fighting allergies here the whole weekend, 89.40 held three twice if it builds below conflush. It's still holding on guys, keep an eye on this thing for the next couple of days on COF. Look how tight this thing is getting to the bottom channel here. It still hasn't confirmed this 89's level, but if it does, this thing has a chance to go lower, one to watch. Then we were watching NTRS had been confirmed, Tesla again got rejected at once to get off that level, and Apple, again, the highest close in this whole formation, 157.157.40 needs to build, and Apple closed right on its breakout price from February the 3rd if this thing confirms tomorrow and starts taking down this 157.80s, 158 level, there's a shot, it gets its next leg up, so keep an eye on that, and a little stock. You don't see usually a lot of little stocks come out of this forum, but again, when there's option flow and there is a daily chart, usually good thing's going to happen. Here's a little silver stock, SVM, a buyer came in for 1,000 of the April $5 calls, needs to confirm $3.34, and here is SVM, right? It took out the $3.34 and closed pretty much at the high of the day at $3.49, nice looking chart here, again, they came for the $5 calls with less than a month left of expiration, so again, it's one to watch out, so that's it. Going into tomorrow, again, the levels that we definitely want to watch, obviously to the upside, 306.30 to the upside, the bottom channel today is 302, so 306.30 to the upside, 302 to the downside, and obviously last week's high above 309, we definitely want to pay attention to the SPYs, again, a little bit, a little bit different scenario, we're clustered, we're clustered in the middle of this whole channel here, not a lot of room, so it's probably better to avoid the SPY names, the S&P 500 names until they clear out supply above 296, 396, 397, but until that happens, you're going to run into a big ping-pong match, especially a day ahead of the FOMC meeting, and the IWM, the Russell, again, not a great chart compared to the Qs, it's a little bit stagnant here, you still want to pay attention to this 170 level that it held several times, obviously keep an eye out stays low as a barometer to see if it could start building below stays low as well, so that's it guys, that's it, some days you get very, very aggressive action, some days you get very, very passive action, but I use days like this to kind of try to get as you know, whatever cash flow you can, again, because wasn't a lot of big moves, a lot of really wasn't a lot of range expansion, and in days that the ranges are contracting, you want to make sure you're gathering data, you see which showing, for example, again, Apple highest close in the whole formation, right, leader of the highest weighted stock in the NASDAQ 100, I believe it's the highest weighted, it could be Microsoft, but they're definitely one, one A and one B, you know, this is strong with the short term exploration option flow, a lot of the other semiconductors are waiting as well. So the groups are setting up here, the only question is, do they confirm tomorrow? And again, as we say all the time to be determined guys have a great night, everybody, God bless, and I will see you all tomorrow. Take care.


This is stock number 20J227A. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used Jeep and Jeep Cherokee headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2015 Jeep Cherokee Limited. This vehicle has the 3.2 liter V6 Pentastar motor which pumps out 271 horsepower. This Jeep has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this one is 100% ready to go. Granite crystal pearl is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn them on right now because it is definitely your best way to check out the quality and condition of the vehicle before seeing it in person. If you want to check out all the photos on this one in the upper right hand party screen is a link right to our website click that and check us out there. It comes with the polished aluminum rims and it has Firestone FR710 22560 R18 tires with I'd say probably about 50 to 60% of the tread left on them. Rims in really nice shape didn't see any scuffs or scrapes or corrosion. Granite crystal one of my favorite colors on the Jeep looks really good. Fenders in nice shape. You get the LED running lights, the HID headlamps and the factory fog lights. Notice you have the front bumper parking sensors on this one and that front bumper is in excellent shape. You do get the chrome trimmed grille and the chrome Jeep logo. Hood is in really nice condition too and the passenger side fender no dents or dings on there. Passengers side rim I didn't see any major scuffs or scrapes. And as you go down this side of the vehicle take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle you can see the vehicle hear the vehicle and have confidence in what you're looking at before you even get here. So that when you do get here there's no surprises. Notice it does have the panoramic vista roof up there but that's why we do the HD videos. So because we offer the summit auto fast-pass option as well in the upper right-hand party screen a link to our website where you can apply for financing, get pre-approved, see a payment quote, even appraise the trade all from the comfort of your own home. So when you get here all you got to do is drive the vehicle of it you'll be all set to go. Back rims in excellent shape and the back tires have just as much tread as the front tires. As we come around to the back take note of those LED tail lamps. Rear gate is in really nice shape. Didn't see any major dents or dings on there. It does come with the towing package which includes a receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring. I think these can tow up to 4500 pounds if I remember correctly and I believe this one has the power lift gate. See that works nice back storage area is very very clean and you do get a full-size spare tire and jack tools back here.  Those seats do fold down nice and flat which we'll check out in just a little bit and as you go down the driver's side just as clean as that passenger side no dents or dings in the rear quarter and for full disclosure this back rim is in pretty nice shape as well. Down the rest of this side of the car looks really good. Do you get the heated mirrors with the built-in directional signals and blind spot monitoring. It has the entering-go system in the door so you just have to have the key in your hand or your pocket and that door will automatically unlock.  There are no rips. There are no tears on those seats. Power driver seat with lumbar factory formats row. Auto headlamps tilt telescopic steering wheel. You do get a memory driver seat and power windows power locks and power mirrors. As we hop inside the vehicle you can see that this one has 106,030 miles so considering the miles on this vehicle extremely nice condition you do get the digital speedometer outside temp and compass display. You get the heated leather wrapped steering wheel. That steering wheel is in excellent shape as well and this one's full of all the goodies so you get the adaptive cruise control, regular cruise control, bluetooth, information center controls, you get audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. This one also has the 8.4 3C radio with the factory navigation. This is also where your backup camera is going to show up. You get your perpendicular and parallel park assist which is a pretty cool feature. You also get your lane departure warning and your forward collision warning and I believe it has the auto braking as well.  The four-wheel drive active drive one system with auto snow sports sand and mud. You also get a media center down here with an AUG's USB and SD card slot. Nine-speed automatic transmission, passenger side, floor mat and seat are in excellent condition as well. No rips or tears on that seat and it does come with the Vista roof like we talked about before. That second glass is fixed and the front one is a power sunroof. Home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lane systems and you do get your map lights up there. 911 and assist buttons in that rear view mirror as well. Take a look at the key fob here. You get your keyless entry with remote start and the power rear gate and we'll take a quick look at the back seats and then check out under the hood. The back seats are just as nice as the front seats. No rips or tears back here.  This one does have 10 airbags in it. You even get the knee bolster air bags in back and the carpeting and floor mats are in nice condition back here.  You get the child safety locks on the back doors and all the bottoms of the doors look really good didn't see any corrosion on them. And we'll take a quick look under the hood. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you will have been able to tell just how nice and clean this vehicle is considering the age of miles on it. Under the hood we have the 3.2 liter Pentastar V6 motor. Engine bay is very clean runs very smooth. This Jeep has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this one's 100% ready to go. I would highly recommend it from a quality and condition standpoint. Think you'd be happy with it and to see more pictures of this Jeep or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers. You name it we got it go to our website in the upper part of the screen there summitauto.com and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto remember to like subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there in fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. A link to more Jeep Cherokee videos like this one on your right if you have not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out and we really look forward to helping with this extremely clean 2015 Jeep Cherokee limited four-wheel drive in granite crystal pearl. Thanks again.


Welcome friends to a discussion on diffusion of innovations and as we know diffusion of innovations is how why and at what rate new ideas and technology spread in a society and among people and this is a concept which has been popularized by American communication studies professor Everett Rogers who started working on this from 1962 on a book of the same name and there have been five editions of the book and this study started in 19th century by French sociologist Gabriel Tarde and there have been a number of studies beginning in rural sociology about adoption of hybrid cons for example in Iowa and then it has diversified into many fields including social network analysis and into educational technology as well. So there are fascinating ways of looking at innovations and how they spread among societies so let's begin this discussion. As I said this has been popularized by Everett Rogers and this is Everett Rogers and this is his book in fifth edition and today we are going to talk about we are going to take a lot from this book in our discussion today. So let's define diffusion first. So diffusion is the process in which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among members of a social system so those channels are important that that spread of time is important and the members of the social system is important and one of the ways in which it spreads is a concept known as imitative behavior. So at the level of small groups and within communities when we are talking of micro level processes there is some kind of an imitative behavior and those micro level processes bring up to a macro level social changes as well. So we are going to look at both the micro and the macro aspects of diffusion of innovations. And innovations is defined as anything that potential adopters perceive to be new or which it could be new ideas, it could be new beliefs, it could be tacit knowledge, it could be explicit knowledge, it could be processes, even protocols, tools, technologies, the way we live our lives or even belief systems. So it encompasses a lot of things, a lot of new ideas and in today's discussion we will also be talking about Indian scientist Raghunath Mashalkar's assured paradigm on what is good innovation and what is not good innovation or what are the factors which determine whether an innovation will be adopted or not adopted. And a key to understanding innovation is that existing knowledge is implemented in new context and that opens up new possibilities. So your existing knowledge is an indicator of whether you will be adopting innovations or not and we will be talking details about how the innovation process goes ahead. So diffusion of innovation begins with a few individuals, the innovators, people who take up the new idea and then it is followed by early adopters and then the curve begins to climb as more and more people adopt the new idea. So we will be talking of concepts like a critical mass of how and why these change agents matter and why these innovators are so very important at kickstarting the innovation process but it is very important to understand that to begin with only a few individuals will take up the new idea and we will also talk about what are the characteristics of those innovators, people who are always willing to take up the new idea. And then we have the early adopters and the late adopters and the laggers and we will see details about that. So this is the popular diagram, popularly known as the S curve and this is what the diffusion of innovation is. So over time we have a small number of early adopters who are always willing to try out new things and then the innovators right there and then we have the early adopters here and then we have the later adopters and then it just achieves the total diffusion that it could achieve. So we have this popular S curve of diffusion of innovations and this is always how it begins over time and this is the cumulative number of people. On the Y axis we have cumulative number of people who have been adopting the innovation and on the X axis we have the time. So over time as it starts we just have very few people who are the innovators who take up the new idea and then we will find out that there is also a percentage of people who take up the new idea and then you know what percentage of early adopters and all. We will just see as we carry on with our presentation today. So as I said the first 2.5% of the adopters are the innovators. So for example if there are 200 adopters and 5, the first 5 are the innovators, people who are always willing to try out new ideas. The next 13.5% are early adopters. So that would include the opinion leaders also. So innovators are kind of the change agents and then we have the early adopters and it's very important to involve opinion leaders there because people depend on interpersonal channels to adopt or not to adopt these innovations. And then we have an early majority about 34% and then we have the late majority 34% and finally the laggard who are the last to adopt any kind of an innovation. So if I have to put that in this graphical format and this is the famous bell curve we get. So the first 2.5% are the innovators and then we have the early adopters which is 13.5% and then the early majority and the late majority and this is the laggard. So this almost looks like that normal curve we are so used to seeing. So this provides us an idea about 16% of the people who are always first to kickstart the process and the S curve that we saw is reflective of this. And then we have the early majority and the late majority and the laggard at end. So the early innovators or the change agents they are regarded as venturesome. So they are always willing to their adventures by mindset always willing to try out new ideas, new systems, new technologies, new belief system, new ways of doing certain things. The early adopters are the people who have some kind of respect in society and they are going to look at the pros and cons and look at the relative advantages. And we will find out what are the factors which influence the diffusion process but the early adopters are the ones who have some respect in the community and they are the ones who will act as opinion leaders also in the adoption of the new technology or the idea. And then we have the early majority people who deliberately do those things so they will be doing a lot more thinking before adopting any kind of thing. And then we have the late majority who are the skeptical and the laggard who are regarded as people who are more traditional in their outlook and they would not adopt certain any new idea or technology unless they have no other choice. So we have all these different types and I'm just putting them in single words but there's a lot more about who the innovators are and what their personality types are and who the early adopters and who the early majority or the late majority and the laggard are. But important to understand that there are at least five different types of people in this innovation process. And this is a very very important idea from Everett Rogers and we must put some time here about discussing these stages of the diffusion process. So the diffusion process starts off with the knowledge or awareness of that new technology, new idea, new belief system or new ways of doing things. And that is provided by the mass media generally. So the first process in the diffusion process is knowledge or people get aware of that. And then comes the persuasion process and this is where probably the interpersonal channels and the local impacts is more important because after the awareness you must have more reasons to decide whether or not to adopt the innovation. And that is where you need something more than just knowledge. So lots of pros and cons about whether the innovation is as good as the earlier one or whether there are any advantages of this or what are the incentives for all that. So that's the second stage. And the third stage where one finally decides whether to try out or not. So again that is a stage which will follow the persuasion. So many of us might find this very similar to the advertisement models of people get aware and then they have interest and then they have the desire and action and all that. So this is very similar to some of those advertising models. So then we make a decision on whether to adopt the innovation or not. And again that also has a lot to do with both the mass media channels and our interpersonal contacts and the decision is based on a lot of information about what are the advantages of the innovation. How much effort I have to put into adopt the innovation and all such things. And then one tries out the innovation so that in implementation stage is not the final stage. That is the stage at which we are trying it out ourselves so that trial ability is very important and that trying out will determine and the results of that trying out will determine that whether it will be finally adopted or not. And that is the process which is known as the confirmation. So just to repeat the diffusion process involves first is knowledge where we have awareness about the innovation. And then there is more knowledge or more information about that which persuades us to adopt the innovation process as we'll see that you know that there's a campaign which is required for people to adopt. So it does not occur naturally and then you decide to adopt the innovation innovative idea or method or technique or strategy. Finally you try it out and then you confirm it. So every innovation has to go through these five processes. Now we are going to talk about what are the factors which determine whether a new idea will be adopted or not. And Everett Rogers describes these five factors. So the first factor which will determine whether I'll be adopting the new technology or not or will be adopting the new idea or not is the relative idea how much better it is from the old idea. So if it is just incrementally better then probably I might not be interested in that but if it is a lot better then we will be thinking of adopting this new idea. And there are many factors in relative advantage one of them of course and always is the affordable factor whether I'm able to save money through the innovation. And we might have other advantages also it could be relative views it could be convenience it could also you know make me feel good and so there are a lot of whether it's a part of social fad and all those kind of things. So the relative advantage of the new idea is what determines whether the new idea or technology will be adopted or not. And the second very important thing about the adoption of the new idea or technology or adoption of the innovation is compatibility. And this means the degree to which the new idea is similar to existing practices. So if the innovation is not consistent with the existing experience if it is very different from what I've been doing it's remarkably different. So that ease of use will be lost there. So if there is an innovation which is incompatible to the value systems or the kind of things that I've been using then probably I will have a greater resistance to adopting that. So the degree to which it is similar. So we have to start off with our similar ideas and with our comfort with the kind of things we've been using and we have to build upon that. So compatibility is a very important factor when it comes to adopting new ideas and new technologies. Very important to understand whether the new idea or practices is simple or complex. Because if it involves a lot of difficulty in adopting the new technology or new idea then probably we are going to not expend that much of energy. And that is one area where a lot of good innovations do not diffuse properly because people find that to be extremely complicated. So the end user has to be kept in mind. If the end user is not kept in mind when we are designing these new technologies, new ideas and new strategies then the innovation will not be very successful. And as we discussed the process of adoption involves a stage where we are trying out the innovative idea and we are finding out whether it works or not. So if the innovative idea cannot be adopted on an experimental basis and that is why we have all these trial packs and 30 days of free trial and those kind of things. Because that provides us with an option of trying it out for ourselves and seeing what our experience is. Whether we are satisfied and whether it is useful, whether it is compatible, whether it is not complex and what are the relative advantages when I use it. So it is not on what the change agent wants to tell me but it is on how I find it. So that is why trialability is a very important indicator of whether the innovative idea will be adopted or not. And finally the changes must be visible. The changes must be apparent. The relative advantage must be apparent. So innovations whose positive effects are not visible, they might not be adopted. So observability is a very important factor that whatever changes are said to be there or whatever advantages are said to accrue to this kind of a method. Those advantages must be visible to us. If those advantages are not visible or apparent, then the adoption will be more delayed. So this is from Everett Rogers book and these are the five stages that I just spoke of. The relative advantage, whether the innovation, it is advantages from the one we have been using, how compatible it is to the technology we have been using so far. Whether it is complex or simple, whether I am able to do trial on them and whether I can see the positive impact or the relative advantage more empirically or they are visible. The advantages are visible. And then the second important thing which determines the innovation decision is the type of innovative decision. Whether it is optional or whether somebody is doing it just on his or her own and everybody is not mandated to adopt that. So that is one decision which will decide whether the innovation will be adopted fast or it will not be adopted fast. Whether people decide collectively, maybe at the village level, maybe at the municipal level, maybe at the state level, district level or whatever level, where people decide collectively on adopting the new innovation or adopting the new technology or the new idea. Or whether some authority is involved there where people are mandating us to adopt the innovation. So this type of innovation decision is also an important factor which determines at what rate the innovation will be adopted by individuals and by society at large. The communication channels are extremely important as we have seen that it could be mass media, it could be interpersonal channels. And there are various stages where the mass media is important and there are other stages at which interpersonal contacts are important. So they are also another very important indicator for the adoption of innovations. And then the nature of the social system, whether it is networked, whether there is more interconnectedness among people or what are the norms of the system and all. So those are also a very important indicator of whether the innovation will be adopted or not. And finally the extent of change, agents, promotion efforts, what are the kind of campaign and how efficiently and how effectively you do those campaigns. So that is also a very important indicator in the rate of adoption of innovations. So just to repeat the factors that determine individual choice includes peer pressure and we will talk about this critical mass. If a lot of people have already adopted it then there is pressure on you to adopt that. Or if many people in your close proximity they are using something then there is pressure on you to adopt those innovations. There could be social norms, so society kind of appreciates adoption of these new technologies more often. What are the perceived benefits as we already spoke and what are the availability of resources and communication efforts also. So how much of communication campaigns are there to kind of help people adopt these innovations. So here I talk about the incentives and that again is a very important indicator which suggests how quickly the innovation will be adopted or how it can be catalyzed into adoption. So whether the incentives are for the adopter or for the diffuser, whether the incentives are for the individuals or for the community as a whole. So there are places where if everybody is not doing it then the entire community is impacted. So in vaccines for example. So whether the incentives are positive, whether you are rewarded for adopting the innovations or whether it is negative, whether you are punished for not adopting certain things and that could be symbolic.  So these are the factors which determine how quickly an innovation will be adopted. We've been talking about macro perspectives also and that is where we talk about social change. So this is about innovation going through the society and the means by which people adopt these changes. So here we are more concerned about whether social change is happening or not. And at the micro perspective as we will see this is more at a personal level, more at the individual level. So in the micro perspective we are looking at the individuals, we are looking at the predictors of positive adoption. So what are the interpersonal relations and what are the information exposures and how are the network positions related to adoption decisions. So that again is a social network perspective. So whether you are central to the network or whether you are peripheral to the network, whether those placements are the ones which determine whether you will be adopting an innovation or you will not be adopting. So that is the micro perspective and that is the macro perspective as I suggested. And now we are going to talk about a very, very important scale for innovation and this has been suggested by India's foremost scientists, Professor Raghunath Mashalkar and very different from Everett Rogers' factors of innovation. He talks about what is known as the assured scheme. Whether the innovation is affordable for everybody, whether it is affordable for people to adopt. So we are very quick at adopting innovations if it is economical for us. Whether it is scalable, whether it can be adopted at a larger scale. So a lot of things are very good maybe at a smaller scale. So if it is not scalable then that innovation will not be sustained. And sustainability generally in the cases of environmental sustainability in terms of social sustainability and in terms of economic sustainability. So if the innovation is not sustainable on these three factors then it will not be adopted. And universality is about the ease of use basically and whether the changes have widespread use among consumers. So when we are talking about universal we are putting the consumer or the people who are adopting it at the centre. And rapid means all these things have to be done rapidly because technology changes rapidly. People's choices and requirements change rapidly so it has to be done. And of course excellence is very important because in a global atmosphere if the innovation is not technologically and scientifically and otherwise excellent or of a very high order then it will not be able to sustain itself. Of course all the other things are related to that. And it must be different or it must have its own distinctiveness. So I can't get into the details of all these things but affordability, scalability, sustainability, the ease of use, the rapidity at which it is brought to the end consumer and the fact that it is very useful. And also it has its own distinct advantages. These are the factors which determine whether an innovation will be successful or not. So there are other factors also which are like bandwagon effect. So often these two things happen that probably diffusion is done but implementation is not that good. So when the incentive is just to adopt certain things and there is no incentive to use it then probably the diffusion is there but the usage or implementation is not there so we have to be aware of these kind of things. So there are many ideas which are diffused properly but not used in the longer term so that's what sustainability was about. And there are a lot of good innovations, a lot of good for example HIV vaccine where this is very advantageous but for very many reasons they do not diffuse. So we saw a situation where a lot of diffusion happens where people do not end up using it ultimately and then there are innovations which are fabulous, excellent and very useful but people don't end up using it. So there is this very important model again, this is suggested by Everett Rogers himself. So there are these two factors which help in the adoption of new ideas or new technologies. And these are firstly it's due to mass media and then it's due to interpersonal communication. So as we can see that initially it's the mass media which is very important but beyond the stage the impact of the mass media starts going down and the impact of personal communication is very, very important. So if you are just looking at mass media campaigns then probably they are not enough. So we have to look at those interpersonal campaigns using opinion leaders, using influencers, using change agents and all that. So Bas's model talks about both these factors as being very important factors for adoption of innovation. And we have an idea of opinion leaders from our two-step flow theory from personal influence theories and all where they are a class of people who are responsible for diffusing those information from the mass media to their interpersonal channels. And that's where the role of opinion leaders is very important. And as change agents we must be very clear about who these opinion leaders are, what are their characteristics and how we can involve them in these diffusion processes. And as we already know that these opinion leaders are different in different contexts and they do not have any kind of formal position but that is a position which is given to them by the members of the society. This is where this idea of critical mass is important and if we do not reach this critical mass then we will not be reaching the innovation. So there are a lot of innovations which start off quite well, for example, pagers we might be knowing that, but they do not end up reaching a critical mass and a lot of social media channels also. And we can talk about many, many channels like we chat in India for example and Google one also that they never reach this critical mass and that's why they cannot take off. So it's important using all those interpersonal channels and through media channels to reach this critical mass and that is where innovation can be more easily diffused. So reaching this critical mass is vital for any innovation to be sustained. And also the difference between tacit and codified knowledge. So there's a lot of knowledge which is tacit which is not codified which is inherent. So this understanding of different types of knowledge systems is important to help us take this diffusion process further. So what are the change agent roles and what are the things that the change agents must do. So these are the seven roles that Everett Rogers talks about. First of all, he has to develop a need for change. So he or she whenever he is talking about diffusing a new technology or a new idea or a new process or a new strategy, he has to first of all develop a need for change in the community and then establish an information exchange relationship because if an information exchange relationship is not formed and if there is no communication, then there will be no diffusion. And it's important to diagnose the problems from the user's perspective and we've been discussing that in different contexts. So that problem has to be diagnosed by the change agents to see whether it can whether anything can be done from the perspective of the change agent. And then that creating that intent to change and that creation of intent is as we have seen it's a long process where people have to be told about the relative advantages and the simplicity and all those things of the innovation. And then finally that intent to change must be translated into action and then it has to be ensured that people keep continuing with the innovation and don't discontinue it and then kind of lead to a self renewing behavior where people do that on their own. So as we've seen in the previous slide once that critical mass is reached, then the diffusion is self perpetuated then we don't have to make an effort. So it's important to understand that we have to reach this stage where people do that on their own. People adopt the innovation on their own. And finally, the use of new media is one area where we can use for adoption of innovative ideas because there could be interactive pages where people can see for themselves how these changes are happening and what are the effects and so those simulations can be adopted. So the adoption of internet itself is a subject of a lot of studies on diffusion of innovations. Thank you very much for your patience.