That's how we be programmed. We be programmed to believe that self-interest means who's the best example of self-interest in our modern culture. Booney made up, thank you. Booney made up, right? Now here's a guy who's really self-interested. He's living a good life, right? Is Booney made up, self-interested? Was he self-interested? Was he ever self-interested? Yes, you say, because we be taught that he was. But was he? Think about it a minute. So then Booney may have to sit down one day and say to himself, I want that pile of money over there. I know. Well, think of it this way. He sat down one day and said to himself, I want to be the best human being I can be. I want to live life to the fullest. I want to embrace life and have fun and just, the best way to achieve that is to live steel for my best friends. Do you really think he sat down and thought through that? And went and did all the pluses and minuses and said, yeah, legs to the elite. That'll lead to a happy, successful life. Yes. I mean, it's very unlikely. What Booney made up did is what? He wanted the pile of money. Emoted, felt it, and he took it. He didn't consider his self-interest. He didn't consider the long term. He didn't consider the consequence.  Don't read it.   It's an incredibly self-destructive activity. I mean, it's, it's not good for you. How can you be self-interested and lie? I can't get around this because lying always necessitates more lying, which is just really confusing. And you almost always get caught, which has really bad consequences, particularly if you're in business or in a relationship, right? And you know, at my age, I bear, and my guess is to most of you, this is true as well, I barely remember what happened last week. What actually happened last week. Now imagine I lied about what happened last week. Now I have to remember the two things. Well, actually more than two things, because I have to remember what I did really, what I lied about, who I lied to, why I lied to them, who I didn't lie to. There's no end to it. It's like my mind can't deal with that. It's, you know, it's completely debilitating.  It really is. Reality, truth makes sense. There's only one of them. You can handle that. It's just so irrational. And, you know, it doesn't make any sense. A lying is not a good strategy for self-interest. Cheating is not a good strategy.  Not only did he get caught, he went to jail. His sons turned him in. Can you think of anything worse than your own kids turning you in? A year after he was turned in, one of his sons committed suicide. Bernie Madoff has been asked when, you know, how he feels. He says he's happier in jail than he was before he was gone. And I believe that. Because if you think about what it takes to maintain that kind of line, what it takes to look your family and your friends and your business partners in the face and lie to them constantly, it's just debilitating. It's miserable. So it's not self-interest.  The only way we choose sacrifice is if we believe that self-interest is so despicable, it's so ridiculous that we won't do it. But that's not what self-interest is about. What is self-interest about? What is living life to the fullest? What would that really require? What is every value around you? If you look around the room, where does every single value that you have around you? Where does it come from? Yeah, but what part of you is it inside? Where does it come from? Look at the person sitting next to you. You can look.  He has to say to Tiger, you're finished. Have you ever tried running down a bison and biting into it? We can't survive in nature that way. We don't have the physical attributes to survive in nature. So what is it? What is it that leads to all, to our ability to survive? Never mind, to thrive. What is it that leads to that? Our minds. Our reason. Somebody had to invent a bow and arrow. Somebody had to invent the first tools. The Einstein of the day figured out that a seed dropping down in the water, that's what leads to the plant's growth. And then it took the Bill Gates of the time to figure out, oh, I can take that and plant lots of them. And sell them in the marketplace. Agriculture. That's what it took it to breeze in mind. So all the values we have, electricity, buildings, construction, all this stuff comes from our clothes. Anybody have that gene to make this stuff? I don't. Somebody had to figure out how to do this. I mean, we take it off for granted.  But it's all a product of our mind. So if you're really self-interested, what should be your number one value? That's why Rand called her morality rational self-interest. Rational egoism. It's about using reason. This is exactly what Puddy made up, didn't do. He didn't use his mind. He's not self-interested. And now he's no altruism. What is burning? You gotta give him a word.  He's self-destructive. He just squirted himself with a waste of a life. He's a pretty smart guy, I think. What a waste. That's what he is. He's self-destructive. So there's altruism. There's self-interest and self-destructive. But self-interest is not about lying to the truth. Cheating. So interest is about being rational. It's about pursuing values that are necessary for our life. It's about being rational. It's about being honest. It's about having integrity. It's about being productive, right? Building stuff. Making stuff. Creating stuff. Now, morality like that. What kind of political system would allow people who hold that kind of morality to thrive? What would they demand in terms of a political system? Freedom. They would demand to be left alone.  What do you think is good for them? Ain't nobody we make mistakes, right? No, we fail. We fail. Right? Well, I'm going to fail at some point. What do you do with that? You learn from it. If you're smart, you learn from it. If you're not smart, you don't learn from it. And you deserve to fail. That's okay too. We got to be able to say that. Some people don't learn from their failures. Okay? That's life. A morality of self-interest.  I like to hold this image in my mind. Can you imagine George Washington going through the TSA? He didn't slap them. He didn't slap them. So if we want capitalism because it produces all those wonderful goods and it does, then what we need to fight is on morality. And again, this is what Obama and the left has always understood. They've dominated from the beginning. From 100 years ago, the progressives have changed the way we use language. They've taken over concepts like justice and fairness. What does fairness mean? Equality. Equality. They never used to. It used to mean getting what you deserve. Justice used to mean today it means equality. How did that happen? They know exactly what they would do. It's about feelings. It's about emotions because they were against reason. We need to capture that. If we capture that, capitalism happens. That'll be easy. We need candidates. We need politicians who can make the moral case, the ethical case for capitalism, for freedom, for individual rights. We need to educate people because at the end of the day we get the politicians we deserve. So it's the culture that needs to be educated. We need to educate our culture about the virtues of self-interest, the virtues of freedom, the virtues of capitalism. We need a president or candidate who's in the private equity space to be able to defend private equity. Couldn't say a sentence about private equity that was positive. Because he doesn't have the moral backbone. It's the moral backbone. It's not that he doesn't understand finance. That he doesn't understand economics. It's that he doesn't have the moral backbone to say, yes, we made a profit. And no, our job is not to create jobs. Our job is to make money for investors. And that's a good thing. Which is what they do. We need to recapture the spirit of the founding of this country. It's the spirit of individualism. It's the spirit of self-interest. We need a fight for that declaration of independence. I know nobody talks about the Constitution, but to me the Declaration is much more important. And it's the foundation for me to understand the Constitution. What we need is to resurrect the spirit. The spirit of an alien rights. And the other one means what? Nobody. What if people vote? What if the majority chooses to take them away? No? Nobody? Not even a majority? No. No? That would rule out what kind of political system. Good democracy is out. You can't decide to use my house as a tennis, you know, to level my house and use it as a tennis court. But you can't today in America. We've lost the idea of an illegal, there aren't any illegal rights in America today, right? But the founders understood that these rights are illegal. Nobody, nobody can take them away. Your right to your, to pursue the values that you believe. That you believe will lead to a better life. The right to liberty. You want to have ideas that you believe and to act on those ideas as you see fit without anybody telling you what you can and cannot do and pulling a gun on you and trying to force you to do otherwise. And we have to resurrect the spirit, the belief and the way to pursue each one of our happiness. If we resurrect that, if we, we invigorate the idea of a way to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, that is when we win. Thank you all. Any questions? Go for it. Okay. What signs would indicate it's time to leave? California or the United States? I'm trying to be upbeat and fun. I'm trying to leave California where global warming turns our county into a desert. I don't know. We're staying close to the weather, right? I know that's my mistake. I think to take it to your state, the question is when, what is the sign that says that hope is lost? The question is, what is the sign that says that hope is lost? That there's no point in fighting anymore? That it's over? I mean, there are two things. One, if you could show me a country that's much better, let's go. That's my next question. But when is it, when is it time to give up? It's when you lose free speech. It's when you lose the ability to have free speech, when you lose the ability to argue, to communicate, to challenge. That's when it's over. That's our tool, by reason. The only way to communicate by reason is to argument. It's through logic. It's through discussion. It's through debate. When your ability to communicate that way is gone, then it's over. As long as you have free speech, there's a battle to be, you know, there's a war to be waged, and there's battles to be won. We still have a shot. What countries are, have freedom on the rise? Freedom on the rise. Well, much of Asia has, much of Asia has freedom on the rise. I mean, you could even argue that China has freedom on the rise. We'll see. I mean, it could go the other way very easily. But countries like New Zealand has freedom on the rise. Canada. Canada. Canada's been shrinking government for the last 20 years. People don't talk about this, but Canada had a huge budgetary crisis in 1994 and started shrinking government's rule as a percent of GDP since then.  Sweden. Do you believe it? Sweden. People talk about Sweden as socialist haven't. Sweden is an interesting subject, because I always used to get in Q and A's. Well, what about Sweden? How come Sweden's doing so well? So I went and did some research. So until the 1950s, Sweden was one of the freest countries in the world. Incredibly successful industrial country, built up huge quantities of wealth. Some of the richest families in Europe lived in Sweden because of capitalism, because they make stuff and build stuff, right? In the 60s, they decided to redistribute all that wealth. It took them about 35 years to redistribute that, right? And in the mid-90s, late-90s, they got into real financial trouble. And since then, Sweden has been unwinding its socialism. It's been moving away from socialism towards more free markets. So the countries that go, Israel is another one. Israel, when I was growing up, in the 70s was really socialist. And today is a lot less socialist. So that's a long way to go. But it has moved in the right direction. Hopefully it will continue to do so. So they are countries doing that. But my argument would be that they'll reach a certain point and they'll gravitate backwards. Because, again, this is a moral issue. It's not an economic issue. People don't learn from experience. People don't learn from the past. They don't learn from what works. If it doesn't, if they don't think it's right, if it doesn't feel right, then they reject it. And they move in the right direction and then they move in the opposite direction very quickly. Okay. You've given us some cool techniques or things that need to be done. How optimistic are you that you'll turn this around? Not very. But I don't know an alternative to fight.  This is challenging thousands of years of conditioning. It's challenging, the condition of the human race always meet towards collectivism, always towards tribalism. This little experiment in freedom is like 200 years. What's 200 years in the scope of history? It's nothing. The probability that we're successful to keep this going is small. But what's the option but to fight? Particularly if you have kids. You've got to fight. You've got to try to make the world a better place even if the probability is low. But objectively, given that the left has the public schools, government schools, they have the universities, more government schools, they have the whole educational establishment. It's very, and you want a cultural, philosophical, moral change. It's very hard to do without controlling the levels of education which we don't. It's really, really, really hard. But it's worth the fight because the reward is freedom. Think about the founding fathers. What did they put on the line in a short battle? Their lives, their property, and their sacred honor. The question to all of us is, are we willing to do the same? If we are, if we really are, if we're really committed, I think we can win. I just don't know how many there are of us. Could you tell us a little bit about the basics of INRAN organization? So INRAN quickly, chosen blooms in a middle-class Jewish family, witnessed the beginning of the Russian Revolution in St. Petersburg, lived under communism in the first years of communism, escaped in the late 1920s, basically got out in a very small window where Lenin allowed some people out, knew she would never go back, showed up in the United States with nothing, came to Hollywood, first day in Hollywood, she went to the C.C. B. DeMille studio to try to get a job and they said, and as she's walking out, there's a big convertible at the edge of the driveway and it drives by and there's C.C. B. DeMille. I mean, you couldn't write this in a movie script, but it's true. And she stares at him and he stops and he says, well, he's staring at me. You know, I just arrived from Russia, I love your movies and saw it and he says, get in the car. And he takes it to the back a lot where he's filming The King of Kings, the story of Jesus Christ. And he says, if you want to be in a movie, she says, I want to be in a movie business, I want to write a script. He says, you got to know how to make movies. So here's a pass for a week and she lands up being an extra on The King of Kings. She meets her husband on the set. She walks her way out through wardrobe departments with all kinds of odds and ends jobs in Hollywood, learns English on the side, practices writing, practices writing, lands up writing a play and she doesn't really go anywhere.  Nobody wants to touch it. Finally somebody publishes it, but very few copies. The copies sell immediately. It just becomes a word of mouth best seller. Still is. I mean sells hundreds, you know, sells over 100,000 copies a year to this day. And it's a huge, huge success. So when she puts up Atlas Shrug in 1957 Atlas becomes an instant best seller that is rejected. The fountain head got good reviews from a lot of newspapers. Atlas Shrug got zero good reviews. And the worst review written of Atlas Shrug, anybody know what it was? It was in the national review by Whitaker Chambers who was a former commie who was assigned to write the review by William F. Buckley who decided that he did not want to do out because she was an atheist and she was a purist when it came to economic freedom and he did not want that. So he succeeded. She kicked out of the conservative movement. She spent the rest of her life speaking, waiting, waiting non-fiction. She wrote a series of non-fiction books. Capitalism not known to the deal. The virtue of selfishness. Epistemology book. A book of S. Lots of books of S.A. is a book on art so a lot of work, a lot of lectures, a lot of stuff. She died in 1982. The institute was founded in 85 really to promote her ideas and to bring their ideas into the culture and to have an impact. We do a lot of work with high schools and colleges to get her books read and to get people to teach her. We run the large S.A. contest in the country and then we act as a think tank, getting her ideas into the policy debate and all over the country. We're based in Orange County, California and we have offices in D.C. That's a quick show. Your message is once the young people need to hear we see that some people think we've lost an entire generation or two and based on the college educational system we have, how do you turn that around? I don't think we've lost them. I think they need to hear the argument and the only way we're going to recapture them is to talk to them and the only way to do that is to write, it's to speak it's to get them, it's to tweet and to Facebook and to do the things that they're engaged in, it's to do videos it's to engage them with ideas, they're not One of the great things that evolution did which helps our cause is it creates this period in young people's lives called the teens where young people reject authority they reject what their teachers are teaching them they reject what their parents are telling them they want to think for themselves they're open to new ideas and imagine if we were really the role minds that people could take we're just products about teens and i5 we're just sucking everything our teachers say and we go out to little robots doing what we don't, we actually rebel against it that's when you got to hit them people between the ages of 16 and 24, 26, whatever and you got to get in front of them, you got to find ways we for example believe that an incredible tool is Iron Man Iron Man's novels, it's a novel it's a story, I mean one of the things we are pathetic at on the right is telling stories the left is very good at telling stories Iron Man was very good at telling stories people remember stories they don't remember abstract ideas they remember stories so get kids to read Iron Man now we offer any English teacher in the United States free copies of any of Iron Man's novels if they promise to teach them we thought, you know we'll set a few thousand out we ship 400,000 copies a year 400,000 these books are going to challenge the authority, they're going to challenge people's thinking they're going to get people thinking about the individualism about the individualism is the collective you know if they meet out about the whole philosophy but every one of the books deals with these issues and you get them so you got to do that you got to do that on larger larger scales, you got to do it in colleges you got, you know I like to tell business groups if you want it one thing you can do to save the world is stop giving money to your alma mater teaching value, actually you know engineering or science or something really we are all fine professors we're teaching good stuff and support them but don't write down a blank check to the social sciences department where they teach the anti-capitalist anti-freedom, anti-everything you believe in, you're just helping your destroyers that way, so think about how you give your money, you know and advocate for the right ideas and talk about morality again if you give them left to moral high ground they win every single time, don't let them challenge them on moral ethical terms, we've won the economic argument a long time we want to have a long time we've got the Nobel prizes, I mean the economists want it, have the Nobel prizes they will recognize it's not that they were some obscure economist that nobody heard of, they cannot excel they it's the morality that nobody knows about it's the morality that we don't challenge and it's the morality that teenagers in particular are open to, because they're looking they want to find something that they're searching for truth you know, he says the disease concept of equality of opportunity, compatible with the full expression of freedom how many of you have equality of opportunity how do you have equality of opportunity when you were growing up yeah, really you had the same same opportunities as Bill Gates' kids you know there's no such thing as equality of opportunity not in the sense that people talk about it today this is a cop-out that conservatives you know when the founding fathers say we're all born equal created equal, what do they mean equal, what kind of equality do they mean equality before the law equality before the law we are all equal in rights we all have the same right presented in front of a judge if you're a aristocrat or you're a pop-up you get the same treatment, you're treated by the law, by government the same way other than that kind of equality there is no other there is no other some of us are good looking, some of us are ugly some of us are short, some of us are tall some of us are good families, some of us are bad families and you can't equate that you know my best example about equality I think equality, the idea of equality of outcome and I think opportunity is very similar equality of outcome is the most evil idea in human history no, there's a way to do it how do you make me equal to Michael Jordan in basketball? you break his legs not good enough he's still beating you have to make his legs and his arms but that's what every equality scheme demands it means taking people with talent or with wealth or with ever and breaking their arms taxing, taking your money away is no different than breaking your arms it's yours, it's not theirs so equality demands and you know and it's long the best example, this is what you have to hold in your eyes of equality the only regime in history that I know of that took this seriously, I mean really seriously intellectually and practically was the Commie Rouge anybody know where the way to get it Popat, it's pal at the Sovon in France they went to classes John Paul Sartre and all the good existentialists and they were taught egalitarianism they were taught equality and they went back and they saw Cambodia, some people were living in cities and some people were living in the countryside they said that's not equal so they emptied the cities they forced everybody to leave the cities


Hello, everyone, and welcome to TomorrowOrbit 12.26.  And we're going to be talking about international development of space and other things, sort of the side of space flight that you don't really get to hear about very often, but is still super, super important. So, Kathy, you have quite a background with NASA. You have almost four decades of experience with NASA. So that kind of puts you a lot on the front lines of how space flight works and how to do that. And you've done some collaboration as well, working with NASA and other space agencies. Yeah, that's right. And I worked for NASA for my whole career up until last January, when I left and started this consulting company and always in the human space flight arena. And so that meant I started working on the Space Shuttle program and then the Space Station program. And both of those programs have an international component. The Space Shuttle had an arm that was provided by the Canadian Space Agency and a laboratory that went in the payload bay that was built in Europe. And the International Space Station is a partnership of NASA, the Russian Space Agency, the Japanese, European, and Canadian Space Agencies. And it's a very international project. So I really worked closely with international space agencies on those major programs. And then the last 10 years of my career, I sort of took the experience working on operational and development side of programs and turned that into a more strategic role, helping work with other space agencies to plan the future of space exploration. So where will we go? What would we do? Who could contribute? What, those kinds of things. So my career is just filled with interactions with international space agencies and international players. And you led the development of something called the Global Exploration Roadmap, which was done by a massive collaboration of space agencies. Can you tell us a little bit about that? Yeah, that activity was born when the Constellation program was canceled. And Constellation was a program that the second president, George Bush, started to take astronauts back to the moon and then on to Mars. And when President Obama came into office, he canceled the program. But he kept alive the transportation system, basically, because we can talk about this later today. But there's a rationale for space agencies now to start pushing beyond low Earth orbit to the moon and on to Mars. And so when the Constellation program was canceled, we knew at NASA that we were going to explore and we wanted international partners. But we didn't know where we were going to go. For a while, we thought maybe asteroids, then Mars. But the Global Exploration Roadmap was about working with interested space agencies to talk about what were the challenges and opportunities about going beyond low Earth orbit and how would we accomplish it? So there were 15 space agencies. And we talked about our goals and objectives. We wanted to be sure we had a common enough set of goals and objectives that would make such a roadmap possible. And we found that we did. And then we talked about, given our goals and objectives, what kind of architectures would we need to realize them? What would we need to build? What kind of transportation systems or habitation systems or science-type technologies would we need? And then given that we still had a lot of work to do to get these capabilities developed, we talked about how we could collaborate with each other in the preparatory work. How could we leverage our investment in technologies, for example? How could we coordinate in addressing the human health challenges associated with these future missions? So the idea was, while we prepared for this future, what could we do today to leverage all of our investments? Because everybody who participated in that activity knew that it was too big for any one agency to do on their own, too expensive. And there's a lot of benefits of doing it together. And so it made sense to talk about how to leverage our investments. So it was really a strategic planning roadmap exercise. It was used by NASA to demonstrate that we were engaging with international space agencies. But it was also used by the international space agencies to help build support for space exploration in their countries. So it was a pretty successful product. And it still serves as sort of the roadmap of what space agencies are thinking. So Elias1981 in our YouTube channel is asking, what are the short term and the long term goals? And it kind of sounds like in the short term, there's a immediacy of collaboration and sort of like a narrowing of focus as to here's what we would like to be at. So is there anything else in the short term that kind of came out of that? And then also, as Elias was asking, what about the long term goals out of that as well? OK, yeah. I'm going to start with the long term goal. So the long term goal is exploring Mars together, enabling humanity to extend its presence to Mars and live and work on Mars. And that's a common long term goal. But it's going to take some technology and capabilities that we don't have today. So in the near term, though, the priority is I'd say building a sustainable endeavor. What we saw when President Obama became President and he canceled the consolation program. And we saw in the past the impact of politicians and changes of administrations, changes in governments. We saw that that kind of behavior doesn't really enable a lot of progress in a multi-decadal effort. So the near term goal is really to try to figure out what would make human expansion into the solar system going first to the moon and then on to Mars and beyond what would make it sustainable and sustainable in the sense that governments will continue to support it, continue to pay for it over the years. So defining a sustainable endeavor, I would say, is the priority. But within that, that means engaging the science community to understand what are the near term science priorities, engaging the private sector who's thinking about extending the Earth's economy to the area around the moon. People talk about mining the moon. People talk about harvesting the water ice for propellant generation on the moon. People talk about tourism around the moon. So there's some excitement in a lunar economy. So what's the role of space agencies? What can we do with our first steps to what can they do? I need to get out of the habit of talking like I still work for NASA because I don't. But what can be done to enable the economy to grow there and to thrive there? What kind of partnerships do need to be developed both international and commercially to enable a sustainable endeavor? So I would say that's the near term priority of NASA and the other space agencies. Yeah, and in our YouTube chat room, Lisa Stojanski is asking, how do private companies fit into the roadmap? And I feel like that's a really good question because when Constellation started, SpaceX was only two years old at that time. And then when Constellation was wrapped up as well, SpaceX hadn't even flown a Falcon 9 yet. So how do those private companies come into play in this roadmap? So in the roadmap, we talked a lot about how the existence of the private company interest should influence government planning and government actions, government spending. Governments spend public money. So they need to do it for a broad public good. The government money is not supposed to enable Elon Musk to be successful, for example. But the presence of SpaceX and Blue Origin and all the other companies that are working on capabilities, little lunar robots, for example. Robotic missions, robotic landers. They provide opportunities for coordination. So there's a consensus among space agencies that this is a great opportunity to collaborate, to look for common interests and common goals and ways to collaborate. And you see NASA doing more of that, right? You see NASA, as they think about going to the moon together with international partners, the first step is establishing a small gateway around the moon. And so the approach has been, the approach of NASA has been, who else has reasons to be in this area that we might be able to partner in the development of the gateway or in the use of the gateway? And in fact, the first element of the gateway is a partnership between NASA and a private company, Maxar, who is interested in testing out solar electric propulsion technology, a bus that they would use for other applications, perhaps Geo-satellites or other applications. And this provides an opportunity for NASA to invest some money and get a capability out of it that they would have paid a lot more for if they had done it through traditional acquisition methods. So that's an example of how the existence of these private companies wanting to do things in the area around the moon creates opportunities. So going back specifically to SpaceX and Blue Origin, who both have, are both sort of millionaire, billionaire funded companies, right? That are interested in seeing a vision develop not wanting to pay for the entire vision themselves because it is so cost prohibitive, but willing to say, hey, we're willing to put a lot of our own money into realized capabilities that would help you space agencies also achieve your goals. So let's talk about ways to facilitate that. So the interest in exploration beyond the Earth orbit is very interesting in the planning for space exploration. I will say it's even more, you know, transformational in low Earth orbit where the space station is, you know, NASA has an international space station partners have been operating the ISS for over 20 years and they have, through all those investments, you know, bought down a lot of risk and developed a lot of the key technologies. So to the point where we can envision private companies building crew transportation capabilities, right? Like the commercial crew activity that NASA is funding that the test flights will hopefully be before the end of this year, but also the commercial cargo and NASA is looking at commercial modules on the space station and commercial free flying modules all with the realization that, you know, low Earth orbit doesn't need to be a government dominated domain anymore.  So NASA, it's not quite there yet in that the demand for these commercial services is still a little bit soft, but the commercial service providers are raring to go and perfectly capable of developing everything that you need to do research on low Earth orbit. So I think we'll see as we see a economy flourishing around humans in their infrastructure and low Earth orbit, we'll see more players that bring more private sector money and capabilities to the table that can help space agencies think about going beyond as well. So, you know, and I have to think that, you know, an economy in low Earth orbit is a precursor to one around the moon just because, you know, it's transportation costs are significant and it's very, to get to low Earth orbit, they're even more so to get to the moon. So, you know, the visions that the Elon Musk said that Jeff Bezos has have really depend on, you know, an economy to keep supporting it. And so, you know, both the they and governments are hoping to enable that. And like I said, everybody thinks that the low Earth orbit or we're on the verge and hopefully the area around the moon will follow shortly thereafter. So with international collaboration, is that something that is essential to getting humans beyond low Earth orbit or can a country do something solo? I will, from everything that I, you know, I've worked extensively on that. I've seen Russian detailed studies of what it would take and the Russians concluded they couldn't do it on their own. The Chinese, they know they can't do it on their own. Not because they don't have the technology but it's a lot of money. It's a lot of money because it's not just developing the ability to get there. It's also doing meaningful things when you're there, right? So that drives you to have the capability to support people there and help them be productive. So I'm convinced and I believe there's a consensus around the world that nobody can do it alone. It's just too expensive. And you know, there's also other benefits to doing it together, right? You, if you look at the Apollo program and how, you know, we were reminded recently with the, what, 50th anniversary that, you know, that Apollo was an achievement for the world, not just for the US. We certainly beat the Russians, beat the Soviets, but it was celebrated all around the world as humanity's triumph. And that's certainly what going back to the moon and onto Mars will be once we do that. So, you know, let's bring the best of what everybody has in terms of technologies and ideas and pool our resources and do it. I think to do to, that's the only way it can be a meaningful enough endeavor to be sustainable. And Johnny Spacer on YouTube has a really cool question that sort of hits at the early days of the space race which is, could we do something akin to the international geophysical year like having an international Mars year that would kick off a coordinated international effort to send humans to Mars? Is that something that would maybe work out particularly better than just asking for that collaboration? No, I think it's a great idea, right? Because it's a forcing function and it helps provide a framework for people to think about how they might fit in. And people have thought about that in terms of a lunar, international lunar geophysical year. So it's been proposed I think by the National Space Society but I happen to think it's a good idea and anything that can leverage non-traditional people and communications methods and frameworks to get something so ambitious planned I think is a good idea. And with international collaboration I would imagine that there are some difficulties that can come with that. It's just like a band when they come together to record an album, everybody sort of wants their own thing and there's a little bit of a give and take that happens in that in order to actually make that album occur. So what from your perspective having actually been involved in international cooperation what are some of the big challenges that happen when you move to a collaborative mission? I'm gonna talk a little bit about when we brought the Russians into the International Space Station Program because I think that provides some good examples of the clash of cultures. The Russians had been operating space stations already. They had Salyut and they had Mir and the US had Skylab and the Space Shuttle and we had with the Europeans, the Japanese and the Canadians already initiated the Space Station Program and started to plan and it was in the early nineties when the decision was made to approach the Russians and see if they wanted to participate and the geopolitical reasons I think are probably known to this audience but when the two programs came together the Russians had been operating space stations and the NASA led effort hadn't and we had our own approaches to solving problems they had their own approaches to solving problems. I remember when we had some early meetings on how we were planning what we were gonna do to do science on the Space Station. We wanted to start the planning years before they thought they knew that if you start something that early it's gonna change and so don't waste your time don't start planning that until it's closer to actually being executed and they were right and they also have, if you talk about hardware they have the simple approach to providing a function. We had all sorts of bells and whistles and automation and alarms and they have basic simple ways of getting the job done that are reliable and safe. So we learned from each other really the benefits of both approaches so that was good. The language and other cultural type barriers are things that you see but there are more I'd say challenges to be overcome. We agreed early on that English would be the language on the Space Station and the Russians came and they didn't wanna speak English and they wanted to speak Russian because there's not enough English speakers in their control centers and in their programs and projects. So really there were cosmonauts had to learn some English and our astronauts had to learn some Russian and on board every crew has their own habits that they fall into and food. You want to, the Russians want their typical Russian food and others want their comfort food. The Japanese want the food that they like. So figuring out ways to build menus that can satisfy everybody. So there's all sorts of issues from the small little ones to bigger ones but that's the success of the program that everybody has found a way to address them and to thrive. So I think if you ask people in any of the space agencies participating in the International Space Station program, they'll tell you that they've learned a lot through this collaboration and it's been very positive. So Lisa in our chatroom on YouTube is asking about the International Space Exploration Coordination Group, asking if it's like the UN for space. And I kinda wanna throw into like asking like is this how we make Starfleet actually end up happening with that. So what's sort of the background a little bit about the International Space Exploration Coordination Group? Yeah, so the International Space Exploration Coordination Group was formed in 2007 and it's a space agency coordination group, right? It's where space agencies that are interested in space exploration that are investing in space exploration and interested in collaborating with other space agencies can join and have a dialogue. They, in the group, space agencies talk about all sorts of things from the road mapping, the global exploration road mapping effort that I described earlier, but there's other things. They work on a common view of the benefits, right? What we found early on in the 2007 through 12 timeframe, was if space agencies needed help explain to their governments what were the benefits of investing in space exploration. So agencies coordinated on a product that's called the Benefits White Paper. So it's an agency coordination forum. Now, it's not a program management forum. So it's voluntary, its decisions are not binding. And so it's not really a governance mechanism for space exploration. So it's not really an international organization that would manage space exploration. And some people have called for an international organization to manage it and I can see the benefits of it, but coming from the U.S. where we're such a dominant investor in the capabilities, right? It's hard to imagine giving control over something to an international group when you are by far the largest shareholder. You know what I mean? So I think if we get to the point where a number of space agencies around the world are significantly investing and such an international governance mechanism makes sense. But until then, I think it would be hard to get the attention of the biggest investors to do something like that, right? Because you're basically seeding control and I spent a lot of time in Europe and I watched how the European Space Agency works and it's what, 22 member states now, something like that. They've been growing in the last 10 years, but the process of preparing decisions and taking decisions is really laborious. And once they take one, they stick to it and that's nice, but it's a long time to get there. So you trade some agility, you trade some efficiency by going to a multilateral governing body. That said, if a lot of people are investing, they're gonna want more control over how things go and they deserve it. So I think if there's a massive migration of humans into space and it's managed by governments, then something like a, whether it's UN or not, or something like an international organization to manage it makes sense. But as long as it's exploration and the funding is really significantly provided by the U.S. and I don't see it happening. So Lisa also has a really good question too, which is talking about the original roadmap that was written by that group. It was done a few years ago. So how do countries new to space like Australia or even a country like Luxembourg, which is doing a lot of sort of more aim towards economic development of space? How do they end up contributing if they're fresh on the scene? Oh yeah, that's a great question because I watched like the Australians and the UAE for example, they're new to the game come into the International Space Exploration Coordination Group and the roadmap, the first version of the roadmap was released in 2011. It was updated in 2013. So these are space agencies that came in in the lead up to the most recent roadmap which was released early last year. And they were watching space agencies that have a lot of experience in space operations and space exploration robotically and even a lot of human space flight experience. They're watching a lot of agencies that have done a lot of things in space with a lot of capabilities and expertise and people. And what they were really trying to do by participating was look for a niche that they could play, right? What could they do to help contribute to a global effort? So I'll use both the Australians and the United Arab Emirates participated in the ISAC to understand what other space agencies were doing. And they use that to inform their technology investments with the idea that investing in certain technologies would then lead them to the ability to develop capabilities that would be useful to the global effort. So they each went through a very impressive systematic effort to develop their own technology roadmaps. In fact, you can find both what the UAE did and Australian Space Agency did. I think the Australian one was done by CSIRO but you can find those online I think. And both of their efforts were informed by participating in the ISAC. So that was good. If you take another space agency like the Chinese, the Chinese participate in ISAC but they came in with a different motivation. They were investing in some robotic missions but they were building a space station in low earth orbit, right? Soon as they get there along March 5 working they'll start deploying the space station. And their goal in participating in ISAC was to let people know that they were working on these capabilities, share a little bit more information that was shared publicly. They didn't share much more than was shared publicly but a little bit and let everybody know they wanted cooperation, they wanted collaboration. And so that was their goal both in low earth orbit with their space station. They were welcoming agencies to contribute capabilities for their space station or science experiments for their space station. And as they thought in the future of going to the moon they envisioned a future where we can be more collaborative as agencies doing human exploration. So maybe we can think of ways to cooperate. There are some restrictions that are pretty strong in the US about working bilaterally with the Chinese and other space agencies around the world that have concerns about technology transfer that prevent too much. But in the future where China is better able to protect and respect other people's technology then they can bring a lot to the table in a collaboration. And I'm sure everybody else that participated in ISAC was hoping in the International Space Exploration Coordination Group was hoping that we would get to that future because the capabilities that they could bring would really strengthen the overall effort. And Stella Ford in our YouTube chat room is actually asking a really interesting question which is about the newer, sort of the newer national space agencies but also sort of talking about a standalone commercial market as well. How long do you think until that commercial market's gonna be there? And also do you think that these newer national space agencies are kind of getting a little bit of an edge on it since they're coming in with that already in place? I would say no. There's nobody better at working with the private sector than NASA, frankly. NASA is leading the way on ways to do it and what to do. And the newer space agencies are seeing it and welcoming it and learning from it. And that's great. That's great. And it will help them get to the point where they can make significant contributions quicker. So that's super. I think when will a standalone market exist? I mean, like I said, I think Leo is the first low earth orbit, is the first place where we'll see it. And a great place to watch, to gauge that is the International Space Station and the efforts to use the space station by private companies, right? So when NASA first really made, once the assembly was finished of the space station, NASA made a big push to private companies to do research on the space station, biomedical companies and consumer products companies, people that offered products that taking microgravity out of the equation would help you learn about a fundamental physics principle and how it impacted your product. And so they enticed a number of private companies to do work on the space station, but they're still, in the beginning, it was NASA really still trying to figure out how to make the environment more friendly to the private sector. And it's something NASA's been working hard on for the last five years. And as they do that, they realize that not every I has to be dotted and T has to be crossed and everything has to be risk-free. They end up creating an environment that it's more friendly to private sector use and experimentation in space. And so I think from what I'm seeing and hearing from groups like the ISS National Lab coming out of the Space Station Research and Development Conference that just took place in July, I have the latest one, there's a lot of new great ideas for things to be done in space around humans and their infrastructure. And so people are saying that the market for this Leo economy will be multifaceted, right? They'll be governments will want to purchase the ability to do research and test technologies and get their astronauts some experience before sending them beyond the Earth orbit. So that'll be probably the biggest part of the market. There will be private companies, whether they're biomedical or consumer products or others who want to do research, basic research in microgravity or maybe even produce things in microgravity. There'll be other people that want to just produce things. There's a company that tried to produce an optical fiber with the idea that if you can produce it in space it will be a lot more efficient and they're working on that. There's other companies in the biomedical arena that are thinking about how you could actually manufacture things of use in space. And so that would be a key, in space manufacturing will be a key part of the economy. Tourism will be a part of the economy. Advertising will be a part of the economy. So there's enough things that, taken together I believe later next decade we'll see the ISS being retired. I think the ISS will be retired not because it's knocked on wood because it's stopped working but because there's already alternatives up there and the governments don't want to compete. So the ISS will be retired then. So I would say, mid next decade, later next decade for sure we'll see low earth orbit really as a vibrant commercial market. And having worked on the front lines of international collaboration. What was that like for you? I'm sure there was like lots of cultural differences and lots of differences in desired outcomes. So what was that like personally to be working with that and trying to enable that? I mean, it was fascinating because you get exposure to so many things that are just amazing. It was wonderful. I'd say in order to be an effective leader in a multicultural environment like I had to be you need to understand each of the other space agencies and understand the people and understand what the space agency's priorities were understand how they made their decisions. It would be useless for me to suggest we make a decision on a point at the next meeting if I knew several agencies had a lot of things to do before they would be in a position to make a decision. So you had to understand how they made decisions and getting to know the people was also just was fascinating. And I think when you, if you do it right you can create an environment where people are free to throw out their ideas. It's easy when you've got a NASA badge on and you're leading to think that you know everything you know the best way to do it. But what I tried to do was say, hey, here's the 70% solution, here's what we think but we're open to your good ideas. And so we talk it through and good ideas always came up from the international. So just recognizing that it's just the reason why diversity is so important and talked about a lot in organizational behavior now and is the same thing. When you get a diverse group of people and cultures together and they look at a problem differently and good ideas come from it. So I really enjoyed it. And I got a chance to visit so many different places all over the world where space agencies were based but also there's a international astronautical Congress that's held every year in a new place. And the organizers of this are often trying to stimulate interest in space and other parts of the world where it may not be so interesting. So there was one in Cape Town, South Africa several years ago and that was fascinating. So the chance to see something so different and so interesting. So I derived a lot of personal satisfaction from getting to know the people and the cultures both work and their country cultures and then trying to work together to solve problems. So during your international collaboration what was the best way that you ended up solving those problems? What worked best with all the other countries working together in order to push ideas forward? Yeah, I talked about it just a second ago but let me go a little bit deeper. But what I found was in this group there were a lot of space agencies and as one of the previous commenters noted some are newer space agencies that don't have the history and the expertise. So they are participating in a group activity for their own reasons to help inform their growth, their prioritization, their development program. So you had a different group and then you had other people that were operating the space station and they knew all about space. So what I found is the best way to approach something was to recognize that if you started out with a group that was so desperate, so widely varying, if you start out with a clean sheet of paper you get nowhere because some, the beginning of an activity, say you want to write a white paper on the benefits of space exploration or you want to develop a roadmap or you want to do a technology mapping exercise, whatever. You start out from the beginning, you've got to figure out where are you, where do you want to go, what does the product look like, how should you get there and all along the way. If you start out with a blank sheet of paper there's questions and ideas thrown out and it's just really hard to converge a large group. It's impossible. So what I tried to do was working with my NASA team and sometimes with a smaller set of agencies, right? I would work to prepare, if we decided to do something, I would work to prepare the 50% solution or an idea, give people something to shoot at, right? It's better than starting out with a blank sheet of paper. So we're going to go do XYZ and here's what it might look like, what do you think? And then we could talk about whether what I had proposed or the team might ask to propose something had proposed and how does that help and where does it fall short? And if you were open to accommodating, the good idea is that always came from that discussion, the product would be excellent and better, stronger at the end. So I think advice I would give your listeners is just recognize that if you want an international product you need to value everybody's input but don't be afraid to take the lead in guiding the discussion with some specifics but be open to comments and change along the way. And where we'll... Yeah, so from our YouTube chat, Lisa Stojanowski is asking, what was your favorite idea or solution that came out of those meetings where you or NASA took a step back and listened to what that collaborator may have said? What was your favorite thing? Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah. My favorite is it's an easy one and it's a great question but during the constellation program days, that's when the International Space Exploration Group, Coordination Group started and NASA had to engage this group to help lay out a plan for exploring the moon. Those of you that remember constellation may remember that NASA was providing the entire transportation system to the lunar surface. So the rocket that would launch the cargo and the crew and the lander. And we were not open to international collaboration on those capabilities, which I believe was a mistake but we were open to collaboration in lunar surface exploration. And NASA's baseline plan was to start out with some sortie missions. So these were seven day missions to different places on the moon. And then after a few years, start building an outpost in one location at the South Pole, we were gonna build a massive outpost. And that was the plan. And so our goal in starting the international discussions was to introduce these plans to the other space agencies and begin a discussion about who wanted to contribute what. And in the process of that discussion, one of the international working groups inside this effort came up with this idea of extended stay missions. So the idea was to basically not go for seven days to some place, but in place a pressurized rover and allow the crew to stay for 42 days, a lunar day, a lunar night, and then another lunar day in one location. And so that was called an extended stay missions. And then the rover would move when the crew wasn't there, the rovers would move to a different location. And then the astronauts would come and land at this new location and explore this new location for another extended stay mission. And we brought this back to NASA management, and the NASA administrator at the time, Mike Griffin, was very married to the constellation plan. And the program manager for constellation was Jeff Hanley. And we brought these ideas that came out of this discussion with the partners to Jeff and to Mike Griffin and told them how excited we were about the ideas and they agreed. So NASA was in the process of changing our approach to exploring the moon because of these ideas that came out of the international discussions. Now the constellation program got canceled, but those basic ideas stuck with the international community and you still see that architecture in the latest global exploration roadmap. The idea now of space agencies is to have that capability to do these extended stay missions. And how many you do depends on, if you build an outpost and where and when, but those types of missions were, there's a lot of good reasons for them, including science and advancing technologies that you need for Mars, allowing a lot of agents, a lot of different space agencies to contribute to play a big role. So it was an idea that came from the international discussions and it sort of stuck with the community. And to kind of talk about constellation a little bit because you played a pretty good role in constellation, you were literally the project manager of the Altair Lander for constellation. So that's pretty high up for that there. I know, that was pretty fun. Yeah, and Lisa in our chat room is sort of asking, tell us more about why you think constellation was canceled but also just if you'd tell us a little more about, like, what was it like to work on constellation at that time as well? Yeah, yeah. So I mean, it was, it was fantastic.  In 2003, we lost the Space Shuttle Columbia when it was coming back after a successful mission. And there was a commission that was formed to study it and make some recommendations on what happened. And one of the discussions that started after the findings of this commission were that, hey, you know, really spaces becoming more mature of a domain.  And so, and that was embraced by the, a lot of the, you know, many in the community at the time. So constellation was sort of a recognition that, you know, in the past people, presidents have had ideas will go beyond low earth orbit. Even after Apollo, there were proposals to go do more on the moon and go to Mars. Werner von Braun was proposing Mars. But, you know, so there were proposals in the past, but now was the time to start getting serious about it, right? Now is the time to start seriously planning about beyond low earth orbit work. So constellation started in that context. And the idea was to build a rocket that could take, you know, one of the other things that happened after the Columbia accident was the recommendation to retire the space shuttle. And so, we started planning with constellation to be able to deliver astronauts to the space station as well as this whole Moon Mars program.  So there was a lot of work, you know, going back through all the Apollo data and how they made decisions and why they were so successful and what lessons could we learn from it? A lot of people talk to people that built spacecraft, you know, some of my guys talk to the Northern Grumman guys that built the LEM module for Apollo. And, you know, I got to be in a meeting, a chair meeting with Neil Armstrong and Jack Schmidt and Gene Cernan and John Young to talk about a particular issue that we were facing that they also had.  So there was that excitement too that was really nice. And so, and it was well funded. The agency did a lot of shuffling of money to make room for constellation and that turned out to be not such a smart idea, right? When you've got an agency that has, you know, a healthy science program and aeronautics program and a human spaceflight program and they're kind of balanced, not equally, but, you know, let's say in a symbiotic relationship when you disturb the apple cart then people get unhappy, you know, stakeholders get unhappy and that created some problems for constellation. And then, you know, just the typical challenges of developing these capabilities after so long a time of, you know, not really having development teams. The shuttle was pretty mature by then. So, you know, the design and development of a major human spaceflight system is a big endeavor. So there were, you know, NASA was kind of rusty and so was, I would argue, the contractor-based. So costs rose. And so when you combine the rising costs with the unhappiness of various stakeholder groups, it provided an opportunity for the Obama administration to say, look, let's step back and do things differently. And at the time, basically the Obama administration was really looking to fund, you know, by now the commercial space effort was roaring. You know, Lori Garver was the deputy administrator and she was very strong pushing for commercial space activities and public-private partnerships and changing the role of NASA. And so, you know, the administration, you know, had this desire to push commercially and public-private partnerships and in an environment where, you know, there were a lot of, you know, people that lost when the constellation took their budget and rising costs of constellations. So just, you know, I believe those are the main factors that caused the program to end. I will say it was such a shockwave to the community because so much money had been spent at the time it was canceled on, you know, the Aries rocket and the Orion and the Aries five little bit of money had been spent, a little bit of money on the Al-Tarra lander had been spent but a lot of money had been spent across the board and, you know, that's a lot of money. A lot of money was really wasted, I would say, with that big decision. So it was nice to see when this current administration came that they didn't make the huge changes that previous administrations had done saying, you know, just because it was the previous guy's idea and I like it, so let's cancel it. So it allowed us to stay sort of on a steady path, which was very good. So the constellation was great. It was fun to be part of going back to the moon. We were attracting, you know, young people out of college, the brightest and they were so excited and so everybody was. So it was a lot of fun. And to kind of wrap up our amazing discussion that we've had so far today. What does the future of international collaboration look like and is there a seat at that table for like a specific private company that may want to be considered as an international collaborator with that? So what does that future look like? Oh yeah, definitely. So the future is, I think NASA's got a great plan right now going, building the gateway, going back to the surface of the moon and then on to Mars. And they are working with international space agencies, you know, the ISS partners to build the gateway. Oh yeah, there's the chart from the roadmap. So this is really what everybody's working on. So, you know, let's get low earth orbit ready for the future platforms and then let space agencies push beyond low earth orbit but doing it together with partners from the private sector. So the gateway and lunar surface activities will have, if NASA successful, you know, significant international partnerships both the traditional space agencies and new space agencies. Through this work that we did in the Global Exploration Roadmap, a lot of space agencies are busy working on capabilities and having discussions with NASA that are really productive, leading to collaborations on the lunar surface. And so then that will just strengthen the international partnership with more nations and then at the right time, agencies will lead the push to go to Mars. So I think that agencies are very, you know, they see the benefits of the public-private partnerships and so that will ensure that significant public sector entities that are investing and wanna see things happen and have a stake in the game. We'll have a seat at the table in the planning and execution of the mission. So I think it'll be really a future of exploration with international and private sector partners. And I really hope that we can stay on tracking and get it done. I hope we can get humans to the surface of the moon by 2024 or shortly thereafter. And I hope that that will lead to a real, they'll do it in a way that is sustainable, that we'll have international partners in significant ways, do good science and enable the private sector to meet their needs as well. So the whole, so it's a sustainable effort. All right, well, Cathy Lourini, the president of a Sorry Space Consulting Group, a fascinating discussion. Thank you so much for coming on the show today to talk about international collaboration. So fantastic to have you. Well, thanks for having me. I really appreciate it. I enjoyed the conversation. Yeah, it's great to get that out there and kind of get that inside perspective too on something that we really don't think about very often in spaceflight, that international collaboration. And also with international collaboration, you the viewers help do that for us as well here at Tomorrow. We are a show that is essentially funded by you the viewer. You can reach certain levels with us if you'd like to and get certain things for that. So like our escape velocity citizens that we have right here are orbital citizens. You get access to some really cool stuff. And if you'd like to help fund the shows of tomorrow, you can head on over to patreon.com slash tmro. And also now you can do it on YouTube as well. You can go to youtube.com slash tmro slash join. And for as little as a dollar per month, you can help support us and help make these shows possible because we can't have the studio. We can't have all this amazing equipment and we can't get these amazing connections with these people without your help. So if you'd like to help financially, those are ways you can do it. You can also head over to community.tmro.tv as well in order to find other ways you can help us out and also do that as well. So thanks for watching orbit 12.26. Until the next episode, we'll see you later. Bye-bye everybody.


Sanxoc coming.I'm Masa, the friendly developer of the FUJIDATA.In this session, I talk about the friendly basis for the new friendly users.So, I talk about the architecture overview and the practice and the use cases with Kubernetes.First is the friendly overview.This is the list of the friendly.Friendly is designed for the storming data collection.Friendly is continuing to lead from the data and send the data to the destination in the storming manner,unlike a batch model.Friendly focuses on the low latency log transfer.Friendly is using the RubyGems for the plugin development and distribution.RubyGems is a standard platform on the Ruby.Friendly uses the whole Ruby ecosystem for the plugin development.We can use any Ruby library to develop the plugin and easy to distribute in the RubyGems.We can easy to write the plugin and easy to reuse the plugin on your environment.Friendly provides several approaches for the setup.You can use the RPM on Wadeb or the CentOS or Ubuntu or Debian.Friendly also provides MSI packages for the windows.You can run friendly on the Linux and the windows.Friendly is a logging part of the CNCF.Friendly is used in Kubernetes.Friendly is also a CNCF product.For example,Friendly has a program service to export the friendly metrics to the product.You can monitor the friendly instances using the program service.This is one example of the friendly's log collection.This example is for the local files.Friendly monitors the local files.If application writes the logs to the local files,Friendly leads the data immediately and sends the logs to the central server with low latency.You can check the logs on the local server quickly.This is good for the data log processing because you can use the Spark or other data processing framework with new logs.You don't need to wait for the log rotation or the file to complete.Friendly has a plugin.You can use the plugin for any destination and any data sources.You can give the data from any data sources.You can send the data to any destination.No need to write your own script for your needs.Friendly is a group in your data pipeline.The next topic is friendly architecture.I will show how friendly works.This is the details of the friendly design.Friendly consists of the core parts and the plugin parts.Friendly's core covers the common concerns of the data collection.Friendly Core provides the buffering and retrying feature,the error handling for the temporal failure or the unrecoverable errors.Of course,Friendly has the event routing for the data destination.Friendly has more features for the parallelism for the data improvement.Friendly Core also provides the collection of the plugin helper for plugin development.The plugin parts is the interface of the real use cases.Friendly Core provides a lot of good features for the data collection.Friendly Core focuses on the logic of the real use cases for write to the databases or read the data from the HCCP API or how to pass the data or how to format the data.APR is very simple.Developer easy to write the new plugin for your requirements.The next is the point is the event structure.For example, Apache logs.If you have Apache logs,one Apache log line is converted into the disk data structure.Time and the tag are the records.The tag is the identity from the data sources.This tag is used for the event routing in the Friendly's pipeline.The important point is the record.Record is actual log content,but the format is JSON object, not the law string.Because recently, many middlewares or data services can accept the JSON format natively.JSON object is easy to mutate or easy to format to the other format.So instead of law string,JSON is very good for the recent systems.This is why Friendly uses JSON object,not law string.This image shows the data pipeline in the Friendly instances.Incoming events pass through this right to leftインプトプラグイン、フィッタープラグイン、バフアプラグイン、アトプタルインI talk about each component.インプトプラグイン.This is the third point of the Friendly data pipeline.インプトプラグイン receives the data from the HTTP or the data from the local files.This is the data to this pipeline.The important point is this HTTP plugin passes the data for the structured logging.I said about this event.インプトプラグイン converts the law string or binary data to this format.Next is the filter plugin.Filter plugin is very simple.Mutating the records or filter out logs.For example, adding the host name to the event record or filter out the unnecessary logs with conditions.For example, info level or error level or something.Of course, the filter plugin could be changed so you can apply the multiple filters as one data stream.Next is the buffer plugin.The buffer plugin is not another plugin.This plugin is used inside the output plugin.The buffer plugin is used for the stored eventsbefore data flash.This is important for the improvement of the performance.For example, some output plugin is not optimized for the small request for the MongoDB or Elasticsearch.It needs a bulk import for the data ingestion.The buffer plugin is collecting the data, merging the small records into one large chunk.The output plugin uses these chunks for the data flash.This is why buffer plugin is important for the front-link.Front-link provides a buffer plugin by default.This buffer file plugin stores the data on the persistent disk.This avoids the data loss when the front-link crashes.We recommend to use the file buffer on the production environment.The output plugin is very simplebecause buffer plugins manage the data streamsand how to manage the data chunks.The output plugin is very simpleit writes the data to the destination, so MongoDB, Hadoop, or other cloud services.This is a real example of the input plugin.Fentany can conceive the data from the Kafkaor can create the data from the HTTP endpoints.The output plugin has a lot of output pluginsbecause of the destination, so MongoDB, Prometheus, Elasticsearch, Kafka, or more.The next is the use cases with the configuration.I will show the use casesand the actual configuration for how to use.This is very simple coding configuration use cases.This is collecting data from the local filesand receiving data from the applicationand send data to the MongoDB.This is a configuration example.Source section is for the input pluginand the match section is for the output plugin.In this case, we use the tail input pluginand the whole input plugin.Match section has a tag pattern.This is an up prefix tag pattern.In this case, if tag matches this pattern,these events are stored into the match section.In this case, tail input plugin's datais stored into the MongoDB.You can specify a complex data pattern.You can build a complex data routinewith tag matching.Next is the match destination.Sometimes, we want to send the datato the multi-data stores.We also support this use cases.For this use cases, we use the copy plugin.We can wrap the output pluginswith the copy plugin.In this case,if this configurationup tag prefix pattern's datais stored into the ASK searchand the HDFS is at the same time.If you want to add more destinations,you can just add the store sectionsin the copy plugins.Friendly also supports the match tier forwarding.This is mainly for the high-traffic environment.You have lots of forwardersand the data traffic is high.Friendly has its own forwarding protocolwith the forward plugins.Friendly's forward protocol supportstwo delivery semantics,Atom Store ones and Atlas Store ones.Fword protocol supportshigh availability and load balancing.Recent versions also keep alive.You can use this protocolto cover the high-traffic environmentwith high availability.This model has pros and cons.The hard toolsexplains this complex modelin this session.If you are interested in this model,please check the previous talkat the KubeCon.We have aFord-side aggregatoror aggregator-sideseveral approachesin this model.Next is a talk about the containerand Kubernetes.Friendly is widely usedin the container environment.For example,by Datadoc Research,Friendly is a fourth producton the running on Docker.Friendly is used in theLogs on the Docker environment.In this chapter,I will talk about how to collect logsfrom the container environment.Before the talk about the collecting,I will talk about the resourcesfor the container environment.You can use Friendlywith thesesetup.One is Docker and Kubernetesand HelmChart.Friendly Community providesPlaned Docker imagesin the RPN and Debian.This Docker imageis Docker official imagesso you can run this containeron the ARM or PowerPCor more platforms.So if you are usingPlaned Docker,not Kubernetes,you can use these imagesfor your environment.And on Kubernetes,Friendly providesKumai's demo set,settingand the Docker images.This image hasseveral built-in destinationso Kafka or Elastic search.And of course,you caneasy to use your destinationwith these images.And I'mI'm not sure but the HelmChartprovides the Friendly imagesas a stable version.So you can,if you use the Helm,you can also use this HelmChartimages on your environment.Okay.And next ishow to collect data fromthe Docker environment.So this isDocker specific approaches.So Docker logging witha logging driver.Docker has a logging drivermechanism to send datato the external systems.So for example,local filedcpDocker logging driver supports theFriendly logging driver by default.So you caneasy to collectDocker logs with the Friendly with this logging driver.Thislogging driver collects thestandard art,standard error datafrom thecontainer instances and send tothe Friendly withthe client library.So,if youset theforeword input plug-ins in Friendly'sside,you can collect thedata from this logging driver.This isDocker specific approach.So if you use thePlaneDocker environment,youcan use this approaches.This approachcan't use on the Kubernetes orother environment.Second approach is usingFriendLogger.FriendLogger is aclient library for each language.So Ruby has a FriendLoggerRustLogger has a RocketLogger.So this approach isyou need to add thelogging code in yourapplication.But you can useany data format or any datawith this client library.So no need to passor something.So this issame as theFriendedLoggingYou can use the forward input in theFriendly instances.Youcan collect data from this client library.So thismade is so you can collectany data in your application.Third approachesis using the shared datavolume.Sometimeswe can'tchange the loggingsetting of the container images.For example,middleware usesonly local files.Orfor this caseswe can use theshared datavolume and theinput tail plugin to collect local files from thecontainers.On Kuberneteswe use the similar approachesto collect data from thecontainer instances.Becausekubernetessendcontainer instances data to thebarlogcontainersdirectly.Noneed to access to the containerstandard error or send it out.So we needto use the tail pluginand the pluginto collect data from thecontainer logs on thekubernetes environment.So ourkubernetes demo set imagesuses this settingon the collecting allkubernetes container logsand send todata to the Kafka or something.Butourkubernetes demo set imageshas the additionaldata to thedata logs.Becauseonkuberneteswe sometimes want tometadata for the namespaces or container name or podnames.So wedid thekubernetes metadatato thedata to thekubernetes dataand add this metadata into thedata streams.Soifby default,sologdata is very simple.Sologfield has actuallogs.But after applyingthis filter,thelog has more metadata forthe Kubernetes.So this isthe example of the container namespaces.So you can use thismetadata on the processing side.Sogrouping the containerslogs or something.So this is the summary of thecontainer logging.So we canI show the four approaches.Sodocker-slicic approaches orgeneral approaches with theclient library and usethe shared volume forthenon-customized images.And on kubernetes environments,wecanuse the metadata tothelinked data processing.Soyou can use these approaches foryour needs.This is the last chapter.So I introduced the front bit.Front bit is animportant ecosystem on the frontd.So this is a comparison tableof the front bit and the frontd.So frontd is awritten in ruby plus c,butthe front bit isfullly written in c.Sothis is a very smallapplication.Soif you want to deduce the memoryor cpu usage,youcan consider the front bitin c of the frontd.The front bit design is verysimilar to the frontd.Sofront bit event also has atag and time and record.Andfront bit also has an event for the tag basedroutine.So you canuse the frontd knowledge for thefront bit.The front bit also uses asimilar approach,thesame approach in thekubernetes environment.So you canalso get thekubernetes metadatain the datapipeline.Soyou can use thefront bit on the wholeside instead of frontd to deducethe resource usage.Currentlytheir patterns are very popular.Sosome users deploy the front biton the frontd.coorders side and set up the aggregatorsfor collecting the thousandsnodes from the aggregatorand send to the destination.So you can get the front bitsmate andfrontd mate inthis combination.Therightest front bit has astoring processing feature in thecore.So you canaggregate or some morecomplex calculation on theforward side.So this deducesthe network traffic or somemore in theforward side.If you are interested in thisstoring processing on the edge,please check the front bitdocumentation of theprocessing article.Okay.Endure login.Thank you.Any question?Is it possible touse java language to write aplugin for frontd?Java language plug-in?So youwants to write a javalanguage?Maybe just java isan example.What else languageis supported to write a pluginfor frontd?Soyouwants to collect the java applicationlogs?Actually,just talk about plugins, right?There could be a lot of plugins.Sowhat kind of languages are supported towrite a plugin?So java-basedplugin currentlyonly ruby.Okay,only ruby.Only ruby.Okay,thank you.OneI'm sorry.So front bitis written in C.So front bitis we can let theplugin as a C language, but frontbit supports the goal language asa plugin.So maybe wecansimilar approach tousing the otherlanguages to the pluginlanguages.This is thefuture work.I want to know howfrontd to handlethe log froma stand out.A standout?Yeah.Youmeans,forexample,my applicationjust write a loglike printf.And then howmyfrontdto collect the logfrom the standoutbecause from the standout.Yeah.JustI just...Sothis is on the containeron the container over there.Meta?Yeah.It's justsomething like I run thecommandcubectlto get the loglog theport.And I will findthe logmessage.Right?And howcan Iimportthe logmessage intofrontd.Yeah.Soif you usefrontd hasstandoutoutpluginis inside.Soif you sendlogs to pipe to the frontdyou can use this plugin.Butif you use application on thecontainer or Kubernetes.Soyou can use this approach.Soyou might as sendlogs to the barrel container.Soyou can use the ink to plugin.Or if you useplane docker,you can use the loading driver.Is there any plan aboutopen telemetry?Open telemetry?Yeah.I am considering the supportfor the open telemetry.But open telemetryis to ensure theprogress of themigration from theto the project.Soif you finish this migrationand if weor publicthe open telemetry will be library.Sowe can easy to support thisbe as a plugin.Yeah.I have a question thatin the logging systemsome some we need somebuffer.Forexample Kafka toslow down thestream.Andthe end of the anotherin this architecturethe frontdcan be a there is an aggregatorin frontd.Candisagree gator act asa Kafka role in thehost message.Soyou can use theflipd instead of thekafka on the globalpuffer.Right?data pipeline buffer.Youare.Maybe I think thekafka was as aproduct is better than thefrontd.Because Kafka hasreplicated data to thedistributed toclusters.But the frontdis doesn't supportthis model.Soif one instance is the crashes andthe hardwarehdd orhtd the crashis hard to recover fromthe data.Sofrontd is aggregator is mainly forcollecting the data from theforwarders and merge the datastreams into the one and sendto the destination.Sowe recommend to theput aggregator on thebeforekafka.Becauseforexample one customer usesfrontd and thekafka combination.Butthe forwarder is verylarge number of forwarders.Sosometimes thekafka isdown becauseby the highwork load.Andthis one customerset up aggregators beforethekafka.Sokafka becomesstable.So if youwant to use global queuethekafka was better.But aggregatorhelps thestable operationforkafka.Soone question about the metadataof the workloadon Kubernetes.Soyour ppt your slide just mentionedwe can append somemetadata to the log.Sofor the workload.Sothis kind of appendingcould be done automatically orwe need to do it with the code.This one?No.So your slide about the metadata.Yes.On theKubernetes workload.Oh yeah.Right.Yes.Soyeah.You can seeyour append the namespace andcontainer name.So just mentionthis kind of metadata we shouldmaybe we need appendto the log,right?Yes.So it can be done automatically orwe need to code something.How tocorrect this metadata?Right.Thisis calling the API serverKubernetes API serverperiodically.Souplating the metadatafrom the Kubernetes API serverif adding thedata from thisdata.Sowhat you said,sofromd will talk to the API serverand append the metadata intothe logs automatically.Okay.Thank you.First of all,thank you for the talk.Thank you.I have a question.So compare with other competitorswhy should I chooseFriendly?Yeah.In general justWhat's the company?Sorry.Other competitor like Logstash oryeah.This is depend onyour needs.So Logstash isdependent on Java.So this issometimes JVM is verylarge on the containerenvironment or something.This ismaybeif you arespecialist of the Java or JVMif you want to the collecting to the elastic search,maybeyou can sometimes Logstash isbetter.Okay.Yeah.ButFriendly is a general collection.Somany users is elastic search or Kafka or S3 or more as a cloud environment.SoFriendly has lots of plug-in.Soyou can choose which isbetter on yourour workloads.Maybeveryfeature is verysimilar to the recentlog collectors.Okay.Thank you.Sorry.One questionabout Fluentbit.DoFluentbit have some solutionforlog data withdifferent priority,especiallywhen the output bandwidthwas very limited.Property meansbundled or something.For example,we have two differentdata source for inputand they have differentpriority.Thenwhen the output bandwidthwas very limited,we wantdata with higher prioritywas sent first.Soifyou have two data sourcesand one in the high priority,youwant to process the datahigh priority fast.Kindlymaybe no.Okay.Ifyou have a good idea,pleasepost it on theproject.Thank you.Okay.Thank you.


little over a week since Elon Musk took over Twitter and places it's a mess. Oh no, what has Elon gone and done now? Did he mass arrest and imprison his political opponents for trespassing? Or did he manipulate the outcome of an election by suppressing bad news for one party? Wait, no, I know. He opened up the borders to a nonstop flow of illegal immigrants and forced the country to be dependent on our enemies for our energy needs. One of those things or something worse, right? He's already called back some of the workforce he fired a few days ago. He's putting his $8 charge for blue check verification on hold. Thursday was going to be $20, now it's going to be $8. He also suspended Kathy Griffin for impersonating him on a parody account. Except it wasn't a parody account. At least she didn't list it as so in her profile. To start at a free Kathy hashtag to Trent.   And I'm tired of now having had certain kinds of attitudes blocked and now they're back on. And I just, I'm going to get out and if it settles down and I feel more comfortable, maybe I'll come back. But as of tonight, I'm done. Yeah, right, whoopee, you're not going anywhere. This is like the last new I'm going to Canada. Oh, so she did actually leave. Who cares? That's all I have for that one. Thanks for watching. If you enjoyed it, please hit that like button, share it, subscribe, make sure to leave a comment to let us all know what you think. Thanks a lot.


that the city of New York will divest from fossil fuel reserve owner companies. Today, the nation's biggest city says no more. I've been watching the climate fight for the last 30 years. This is one of the handful of most important moments in that 30 year fight. Mayor Bill DeVosie has announced the details of divesting New York City pensions from the fossil fuel industry along with beginning litigation against the top five companies in order to pay for damages caused by climate change in New York City. To be seeing a city like New York going up against one of the biggest corporation systems in the world, this is a huge signal that we're absolutely winning. It's time for big oil to take responsibility for the devastation they have wrought. This campaign was launched on actually the eve of Hurricane Sandy and was really started by local volunteers and organizers who saw what needed to be done and have been continuously fighting since then. Today's news means a lot to me as a Sunday survivor, President of Coley Island where the devastation really took place. This is a great day to know that my pension money will no longer be invested in fossil fuel companies whose activities are destroying the planet and destroying the future for the students that I've spent so many years teaching. The campaign has done everything from gather petitions to direct actions to marches. We marched 5,000 people on the fifth anniversary of Hurricane Sandy over the Brooklyn Bridge. Really we used every tool at our disposal to let our elected officials know. Thank you to the advocates and activists who called me a few times in the last couple of years. That's how this works. Pushing government makes us better. This is the beginning of massive action in all corners of our country. It is possible to have momentous wins in your community. Start organizing everywhere, everyone in every place.


Item number SCP-586 Object Class – Scarf Special Containment Procedures SCP-586 is assigned to storage container in Salty 04. Key may be attained from the main office of presentation from Dr. ███████. No further secretary is deemed necessary for the object. Description – SCP-586 is a smelt metallic object, pale green in color. The anomalous profession of the object was discovered by accident. In any sentence written about the object, at least one typist will be created. Specifically, one or more words will be replaced by an incorrect word. Lab Report 586-A In this test, the portion of the sentence data plunged. Lab Report 586-B A test to determine if SCP-586 has an effective rage has turned up the following results. A deep personnel was seated one meter from the object and gassed to write the control phrase, the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog. A second deep personnel located in data expunged was presented with a phonograph of the object and asked to describe it in a sentence. Result 1 The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog. 2. It looks like a piece of guarded horse. Lab Report 586-C 10 deep personnel were asked to transcribe the short phrase, it is. All were successful. Same personnel were then shown the object and asked to transcribe it using the phrase they had earlier transcribed. Results It is It is It is If is Illinois I hiss Titties Iris Italy Data expanded Lab Report 586-D Native speakers of Swahili, Japanese, Gelatin, and Arabic were asked to describe the device in their native language. Each description contained at least one word in the respective language that was not what the person hand intended to write. Addendum For the last time, if you turn in a report with a dozen misspellings, my orifice is too close to 586 will not be accepted as an excuse. There is no bleed effect, as evidenced by LR586B, unless you are writing about the object itself, you will not be effected.


You have like now that's the realest record you got you know That's the most honest record you got that's the best record you got on this album. Well, I'm I'm still I'm telling you I'm not putting it out. Give it to me Wow, give it to me. I'm gonna show you it's a hit record you trip. Give it to me. He gave it to us That's why three two on the beginning. Yeah, he was on the beginning, you know He gave it to us and one day it's arguably one of the best records most Meaningful records UGK ever was a part of The only person that I think from that era that has like still has the perfect voice though This is a very pivotal moment in Charlie Wilson's life and when we recorded with Charlie You know, Charlie Wilson had had become a very bad drug addict and had lost it all The only thing that he had was his voice. He fell in love with a very religious woman I think she might have been a pastor. I know she was a deeply religious woman and she pulled him out of the darkness You know saying and by the grace of god, he still had his voice So when we met him, he was still very and to this day very very grounded and very thankful and very humble That you know, not only that he's still alive No longer on drugs, right?  So Um, I can I can hang with the best of them still in my mind that verse though when pimp speaking on the old Lord, you know, when he talking at the first man, that's so it's profound. It's speaking to something, bro That's what he was man, like he really pimp had a very very deep belief in what he believed God had for him And he wasn't taking no from nobody In terms of that and he eventually got to what he believed God had in store for him it was a certain way he wanted to be seen in this world and He is seen in this world as that the way that y'all think about pimp C is exactly how he would want y'all to think about him I mean it's he has actually become The legend he had always aspired to be And I hate to see him gone Not just for me, but the man had children the man had a wife They you know, they deserved a more time with him in my eyes. I had look I had had one of the greatest lives in the world that I was able to shout with him.  Um, we actually got to say everything we need to say with him with each other before he passed away A lot of people didn't get that closure. You know what I'm saying? So I I can sit here and say I have no regrets about everything I did everything I was supposed to do for him My older brother in the studio.  This nigga was my tutor man. The niggas tried to steal me right But before he passed we got back on the same page because when he came home like life was real different from pimp pimp was really really Loved and wanted and everybody wanted time with him So he was getting pulled by so many people with so much money and all these different things that didn't include me And I'm like, that's fine. If that's what you want to do go do it But it's not what you think it is because I did it And it's not easy and it took me years to go through it sometimes. Yeah, it took me two years After he Went into county and eventually into the state then it took me two years to figure out how to do a solid show Without him. Yeah, I was performing and doing show but like damn we can't do that song without chat Damn why we didn't do this it took a while to get that to that point You know what I'm saying? He went out and tried to do so by himself. It was tough after he came home You gotta figure out the order.  So he'd have to do every verse You know they ain't no breaks. It's different when it's just you I commend solo artists They got a lot on their plate. Thank you you you That verses I miss pimp so much when you're doing that verses, bro Like because you do what you had the shirt on I was like man, I cuss bobo out and everybody else. I'm I'm man It's just personal to me. You know what I mean? Like everything about it. It supposed to be here I don't like he was I'm upset because I just because I'm missing it. I know what it is So we had we even had to do it different that's like I literally had to make I didn't want to wrap his verses On verses So we had to mix the we had to mix the song We presented in a way to where his vocals were as loud as mine would be live on stage So people could really feel him right in the room You know I'm saying so we had to literally go and get like original versions of records and go in the studio and elevate The volume on his parts because I wanted his words to live in his voice in their room I didn't want to wrap his his his vocals his lyrics Oh And that so that that was the main thing I wanted out of that evening to let him His voice actually lived in that room. Thank you. And I'm gonna say one day. Just the last and final question It's over. I have a statement. Okay. Wait just a minute for your man You close with the statement One day Did you know that song was gonna be be big as it is to this day? Oh One day, yeah, no pimp did He knew it. Yes pimp did. I know what you I knew I had to get that question That was for her. So one day was originally a three two solo song For his first album He comes over and he sits with us and brings us his album. He plays the whole album One day is the last song on the album And he after he played the album he said but that I'm he said so that's it But the last song that's it's not going to be on the album. It's too slow. It's too sad And Chad looked at it like he was crazy. Like what you talking about? That's the best record on your album Like, yeah, but that's too sad. It's too slow. It's not gonna work Because three twos like me he's a rapper rapper, right? Correct, you know, so it didn't really for him. It didn't present the best version of his abilities capabilities, right? Chad was like, no, that's the realest record you got You know, that's the most honest record you got. That's the best record you got on this album Well, I'm I'm I'm still I'm telling you but I'm not putting it out. Give it to me Wow Give it to me. I'm gonna show you it's a hit record. You tripping. Give it to me. He gave it to us That's why three two on the beginning. Yeah, he was on the beginning, you know I'm saying he gave it to us and one day it's arguably one of the best records most meaningful records UGK ever was a part of he went and got run his pencil run. He told me the story I got to get out of the studio. Let him do what he do She said that's the best thing to do. Let him do him I like that. So I I did the song and uh It was like in probably about three or four minutes. I finished the song And uh, they was all going to launch and when they came back as a rap I was sitting outside by the pool and I hear all this screaming in the hall and jumping man And I think I'll come outside. I said man come back up. I'll say what's going on. I said, I don't like it He said no, it's a hit We love it.  They didn't even know it wasn't Ronald. No, you didn't even know I didn't know I was like, what?