Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar Reyes Academy. Displayed are the list of news articles taken for today's analysis and their page numbers in different editions of the newspaper. The link for the handwritten notes in the PDF format and the timestamping of the discussed articles are provided in the description box and also in the comments section. Now let's move on to the analysis of first news article. This editorial article is with reference to the situation in Jammu and Kashmir. The author has given an opinion on what should be the next move of Indian government with respect to the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this editorial is highlighted here for your reference. In the last two-three days, Jammu and Kashmir is in news mainly because the former chief minister of JNK, Mr. Farooq Abdullah has been released from the almost seven-month-long detention. He was kept in detention under the Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act. After the central government abrogated the temporary provisions that were present in Article 370 of the Indian Constitution. With respect to the release of the former chief minister, the author has welcomed the move of the government as it may lead to fresh political possibilities in the region and the release of a popular leader will help to reopen the public space in Kashmir Valley, which is in a lockdown since August 2019. There were petitions in the Supreme Court against the lockdown and the Supreme Court has asked the Union government to take steps proportionate to the situation warranted and even recently the lockdown in JNK was relaxed as the mobile telephone was restored fully. However, the mobile internet was restored partially and there was also assurances from the side of government prime minister that there might be restoration of statehood for JNK in the future. Even this was the stand taken by the home minister in August 2019 when the reorganization of JNK Act was passed. So these are some of the improvements that can be seen in the region but know that there are still restrictions on assembly and many are still under detention even two former chief ministers of JNK, son of Mr. Farooq Abdullah and Ms. Mahmubah Mufti. So most probably the release of these two chief ministers will be the next step towards attaining normalcy in the region. So based on the recent developments in the region, the author has given some suggestions. So what should be the next move of Indian government? First and foremost requirement is openness from the side of government of India. This is because for various actions taken by government of India, there have been no reasons mentioned by the government of India. Even for example, the Supreme Court in the recent verdict with respect to lockdown has stated that the orders with respect to restraining telecom facilities have to be made public. The Supreme Court observed that the orders with reference to temporary suspension of telecom services say under temporary suspension of telecom services, public emergency or public safety rules of 2017 have to be declared public as earlier, particularly in JNK, it was not available in the public domain. And even the recent release of former chief minister was seen skeptical by some sections in JNK as they think there could be a different political intention behind it. So in this scenario, there is a need to bridge the trust deficit that is between the people of JNK and the government of India. So to restore the trust openness is required. Then the author suggests that the center must try and undo the damage that was done to some of the mainstream political parties in JNK. These are parties such as National Conference and Jammu and Kashmir People Democratic Party. The main reason why the term damage has been used is with reference to detention of political leaders from these both parties under the JNK Public Safety Act. Most probably with the release of other political leaders and the two other chief ministers, this problem can be undone from the side of government of India. Then the author presumes that center has a baseless notion that communities in JNK will surrender their political autonomy in return for material prosperity. Here the political autonomy may refer to the scenario that was guaranteed by erstwhile provisions in Article 370, Article 35A and then separate constitution for JNK which was the scenario before August 2019. However, at present with the amendment to Article 370, now there is no special status or temporary provisions for the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. So in this regard, what could be a proper way to understand the demand of political autonomy could be aptly given by restoring the statehood to JNK. And the author also suggests that the center must allow all opinions with respect to the region and no force or no coercive measures should be adopted except for combating violence. So the union government's approach towards JNK has to be people centric which should be guided by a resolute commitment for diversity and religious pluralism of JNK taking into consideration of all communities in the union territory. And the government of India as we know has to play very important role in not allowing either the Taliban or the Pakistan in exploiting the present situation of JNK. And we have been seeing that Taliban has been in the strongest point while negotiating the US-Taliban deal whereas US was in the weaker point and the signing of the deal was considered as a victory for religious fundamentalist force in South Asia and also rippling foreign forces in Afghanistan soil. And recently we have discussed in editorial where we saw that there could be psychological impact though not physical impact among the Indian youth living in Jammu and Kashmir who may think that a force like Taliban has defeated USA and why not us. So the government of India has to take necessary steps to prevent such psychological impacts on Indian youth so that the present situation does not turn in favor of Pakistan. These are some of the important information with reference to the analysis of this editorial article. Now let's move on to next article. This news article is with reference to Spain and France who are both members in European Union and also in NATO alliance. And we know that European Union is one of the most integrated regions in the world. Most significant part in Europe is Schengen area. See the Schengen area is a zone of 26 European countries and these countries have abolished the internal borders between the countries so as to have free and unrestricted movement of people. So even from India if you have Schengen visa you can visit all these Schengen denominated countries. However with the trending coronavirus disease 2019 the free and unrestricted movement of people in these countries is reportedly known to spread the disease as well. So in this context countries are taking protective measures and also bringing tighter border controls. In the world outside China Europe is the most affected region. European Union countries like Italy, France, Spain and Germany in these countries we could see more than 100 individuals have died because of COVID-19. So it is in this context countries are planning for tighter border control with severe restrictions on movement of people to control the spread of the disease. So in this context let's have a basic information with reference to Schengen area. See this area covers most of the countries in European Union however 5 countries of European Union are not part of this Schengen area. They are Ireland, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia and Cyprus and with reference to European Union while the recently left country is United Kingdom the recently joined country is Croatia. Croatia joined European Union in the year 2013. However it is reported that 4 countries other than Ireland they are likely to join Schengen area in the near future and also know that some countries that are not members of European Union are also members of Schengen area. These are countries like Norway, Iceland, Switzerland and Leistenstein. We have given this image for your better understanding where you can see the European Union countries that are part of Schengen, countries that are not part of European Union but part of Schengen and countries that are part of European Union but not part of Schengen area. Now let us take up a practice question based on Spain. They are asking, Spain shares border with which of the following? Mediterranean Sea, Gibraltar, Atlantic Ocean, North Sea, France. See Spain is the second largest country in European Union after France. Capital of Spain is Madrid. It shares land border with Portugal, then with France, then with European Union, a recognized member state Andorra then it also shares border with a territory called as Gibraltar which is presently a territory of United Kingdom. Other than these land borders we can also see that Spain is bounded by water. In the east and south east it shares maritime border with Mediterranean Sea. In the north west and in the south west it shares maritime boundary with Atlantic Ocean. Even it shares border with Bay of Biscayne. Also know that Canary Islands which is located in Atlantic in the west of North African region is also a part or territory of Spain. For this question if you know the location of North Sea which we can observe North to Germany or North to Belgium or Netherlands, no way it is connected with Spain. So you can easily eliminate options B and options D. And if you know that Spain is having border with Atlantic Ocean obviously you can arrive at the correct answer option C 1 2 3 and 5. So the correct answer for this question is option C and initially we saw that both Spain and France they are members of NATO as well. NATO is an alliance at present having 29 independent member countries and it includes countries such as Portugal, Germany and France as well. Recently on March 1 we discussed about the status or designation of major non-NATO ally by the United States. That day we saw that Afghanistan is one of the major non-NATO ally of US. Now that India is not one of the major non-NATO ally of US. However our neighbor Pakistan is one of the major non-NATO ally of United States. Whereas India is a major defence partner of United States since 2016. We have given the 17 countries as a list here which are designated as major non-NATO ally by US for your reference. Now let's move on to next news article. This news article mentions about the report by the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Labour. This committee has made some reservations on various schemes and projects that are implemented by Ministry of Labour and Employment. We'll see some of the observations made by the committee in this discussion. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this news article is highlighted here for your reference. See the report by Parliamentary Standing Committee on Labour. It has noted that there is underutilization of funds by the Ministry of Labour and Employment. According to news article the Ministry has utilized just above 80% of around 11,000 crore allocated to it for the financial year 2020. And this was the situation as on 10th February 2020. So the Ministry is yet to spend the remaining 20% of allocated budget within a span of like 50 days. Now among the underutilization of funds for government schemes and projects, the committee found that the least utilization of funds is with reference to the National Career Service project. In contrast with reference to a scheme called as Pradhan Mandri Rojkar Protsahan Yojana, the Ministry has recorded absolute utilization of funds or in other words 100% utilization of funds. See this Pradhan Mandri Rojkar Protsahan Yojana, it gives incentives to employers to generate new employment. Now in this Ministry of Labour and Employment, the funds utilization percentage is around 70% and above for various schemes other than National Career Service. Now with reference to National Career Service, the fund utilization was only almost 61%. So in this context, let us see in brief about this National Career Service project which will be helpful in Prillam's perspective and you may highlight the role of this service in Main Sansa writing in GS3 under Indian economy and issues relating to employment. See there is an e-governance plan for the central government. It is an umbrella program which has several mission mode projects and National Career Service is one of the mission mode projects under this umbrella of e-governance plan. It is a five year mission mode project. This project was launched by Pradhan Mandri or Prime Minister in the year 2015 in July. So who is implementing this project? See this project is implemented by Directorate General of Employment who comes under the Ministry of Labour and Employment. One of the objectives of this career service project is to transform the existing National Employment Service that aims to bring a better matching of demand and supply of work opportunities. See this National Employment Service which is also called as National Employment Exchange is also a program that is operated by Directorate General of Employment and Training under Ministry of Labour and Employment. This National Career Service is said to be providing one stop solution as it provides a wide range of employment and career related services to Indian citizens. It bridges the gap between job seekers and employers and it bridges the gap between who are seeking for training and career guidance and the agencies that are providing training and career guidance or career counseling. So as a platform it facilitates convergence of information and it creates synergies or cooperation among various stakeholders like job seekers, employers, counselors, trainers, even private placement agencies. Now let's see the focus areas of this National Career Service platform. One is to enhance career and employment opportunities. Then they focus on counseling and guidance for career development. Then they also focus on decent employment. Then they also focus to enhance female labour force participation and they also encourage entrepreneurial endeavors. Now with reference to this National Career Service, there are three important pillars. One is that it works through a well-designed information and communication technology based portal, shortly called as NCS portal. Then they also operate through model career centres and the third pillar is inter linkage with all the states through employment exchanges. See this NCS ICT based portal is a digital centralised portal. It gives various information and services related to career like job search, job matching, career counseling. It also provides information on job fairs, even services of local service providers like drivers, plumbers. These information about local service providers for households and various other services are also available in this web portal. So this portal facilitates registration of various stakeholders like government departments, households, placement organisations, career centres as we saw local service providers, skill providers, job seekers, employers and also career counsellors. And coming to model career centres, see what they have done is they have repositioned the employment exchanges that are present already. What they have done is existing 978 employment exchanges were repositioned into model career centres. So as a model career centre, they will act as a hub of career related services. These centres, they serve as a platform to address all career related needs of youths and students who are seeking counselling and employment. So end of the day, this national career service is an important component to take the information about jobs to all over India and it also plays a very important role in augmenting the employability of youth in our country. This is because they also try to bridge the gap between those agencies that give training and counselling and those who seek training and counselling. But what we have found is that the allocated budget for this project has not been fully utilised by the ministry. In fact, it is just 60 percentage. So this area has to be given adequate attention by the supervising authorities and in the days to come, the scenario has to be improved. With this, we come to the end of analysis of this news article. In this article, we saw the issue highlighted by the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Labour. Then we saw about this national career service project which is one of the Mission Mode projects under E-governance Plan of Government. We saw a few objectives. We saw how it acts as a one-stop solution, three essential pillars of this project. Now let's move on to the analysis of next news article. This news article mentions about the decision taken by Dharatarini Development Board in the state of Odisha. The board has decided to cancel an annual festival called as Chaitra Jatra. The decision has been taken to contain or to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019. In this context, we'll discuss in brief about this Dharatarini Temple and also some information about this Chaitra Jatra Festival. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this news article is highlighted here for your reference. Now coming to the location of this temple, see this temple is located in Odisha. To be specific, it is located in Kumari Hills in Ganjam district of Odisha. Recently, on March 10, we saw about Ganjam in Odisha. However, with reference to contamination, to be specific, Mercury contamination. Now coming to this Dharatarini Temple, it is located on the banks of River Rushikulia. The special feature about this temple is that it is one of the oldest pilgrimage centers of Shaktiism in India. So this Shaktiism as religious philosophy or tradition is a Goddess-oriented Hindu tradition. It is based on the legends of death of Goddess Sati who's worshipped us or believed us, the wife of Lord Shiva. Religious scripts say that Lord Shiva roamed around the world with the dead body of Goddess Sati. Later, the body of Sati was cut into almost 51 parts by Lord Vishnu. We could not ascertain the reasons behind the belief that Lord Vishnu has cut or dismembered the body of Goddess Sati. However, the dismembered parts of Goddess Sati fell on different parts in the earth and these sites in which the parts fell have become sacred sites for Shakti worship. In coming to this Ganjam district in Odisha in which Taratharini temple is there, it is believed that the sthana or the breasts of Goddess Sati fell in this place. That is why this site is also called as Sthana Pita. There are three other important Adi Shakti pitas. One of the temples is Vimala temple which is in Jagannath temple complex in Puri in Odisha. Then Kamakya temple in Assam. Then Dakshinakalika temple in West Bengal. There are several other similar Shakti pitas across our country. Now coming to this Taratharini temple, there are twin goddesses called as Tara and Tharini believed as the body parts of Goddess Sati. Together they are referred as Taratharini. Some say that together they are the chest of Goddess Sati and these goddesses in this temple they are believed as one's patterns of seafarers and merchants of ancient Kalinga. However, with the conquest of Kalinga in 262 BC by Maurian Empire, Buddhism has come to this region. According to some sources, after the conquest of Kalinga they are saying that this Taratharini temple has become an important Vajrayana Buddhist center and was sponsored by merchants and seafarers. So worshipping in this temple is said to protect ships from storms and also from other dangers involved in sea travel or sea voyages. In the mid-2000s, this ancient shrine was renovated and enlarged into a grand temple in classical Odisha style architecture. Today this temple is a popular pilgrimage site and it attracts lack of pilgrims and devotees, particularly during Taratharini Mela. This Taratharini Mela is also called as Chaitra Mela or Chaitra Jatra. The name Chaitra is mentioned because of the name of the month of Hindu calendar. In this, this festival is conducted. It is held in Chaitra Manda of Hindu calendar which roughly comes during March and April. So what happens here is, there will be mass congregation and the first involves mass feast where people cook food under open sky and they offer to the Goddess to fulfill their wishes. So to prevent mass congregation and to prevent the spread of COVID-19, the Taratharini Development Board has decided to cancel all the cultural programs associated with this annual Taratharini Mela. So these are some of the information pertaining to this Chaitra. One special feature associated with this name Tarini is because Indian Navy sailboat INSV Tarini was named after this Taratharini hill shrine and this INSV Tarini is very special to India because it is in this indigenously built vessel Navika Sagar Parikrama expedition was executed. See this Navika Sagar Parikrama can be translated as circumnavigation of the globe by women officers. So this Navika Sagar Parikrama is in consonance with national policy to empower women to attain their full potential and this INSV Tarini was inducted in the Indian Navy in February, 2017. In the same year, as six member all women crew, they took a challenging and daunting task of circumnavigating the globe from 10th September, 2017 and have successfully completed their voyage on 21st May, 2018. The vessel was skippered by Lieutenant Commander Vartika Joshi. And here for our prelims perspective, one important point is that this vessel has met all criteria for circumnavigating the world. What are the criteria? See one criteria is crossing the equator twice, then crossing all longitudes. Then the third important criteria is crossing three great capes of the world. These three capes are Cape Leuven, Cape Horn and Cape of Good Hope. Cape Leuven is in Australia. Cape Horn is in Southern Chile and Cape of Good Hope as we know is an African continent in South Africa. So these are some of the important information pertaining to the analysis of this news article. Now let's move on to the analysis of next news article. This open editorial article is with reference to an ongoing dispute mainly between Egypt and Ethiopia and also involving Sudan. The dispute is mainly with reference to great Ethiopian Renaissance dam that is presently under construction in Ethiopia on the Blue Nile River. In this context, today we'll focus mainly on important tributaries and the dams of Nile River for which White Nile River and Blue Nile River are tributaries. And based on these matters, we'll take up this question which is asking us to select the pairs that are correctly matched. See the Nile basin river system, it flows through 11 countries in African continent. From the news article, we can easily say Sudan, Egypt, Ethiopia. Other countries are Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. See Nile River is the longest river in the world. The length of this river is about 6,670 kilometers. And as we saw already important tributaries are Blue Nile and White Nile. The Blue Nile and White Nile, they merge in Sudan. And the Nile River passes through Egypt and finally drains into or empties into Mediterranean Sea. So as we can observe, this Nile River basin is very important for riparian states, say Ethiopia, Sudan, South Sudan, Egypt and even other countries. Now let's see some of the important dams with reference to the river. We can see a dam constructed on White Nile in Sudan and this dam is called as White Nile Dam. And in Sudan itself across Blue Nile, there is a dam that dam is called as Senar Dam. And very importantly in Egypt, there is a dam called as Aswan Dam. And right now we are discussing about a dispute with reference to one dam called as GERD or Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam under construction in Ethiopia. See the construction of this Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam in Ethiopia has been started in the year 2011 and it is expected to be completed as soon as possible. And once it is completed, it is doubted that it will be the Africa's biggest hydroelectric power plant. So as per the government of Ethiopia, they are to start storing water in the dam and they will generate power from December 2020. However, storing water in this dam is said to generate concerns more importantly in Egypt and also in Sudan. And in addition to these matters, two other important information you can take from the news article. One is with reference to the Prime Minister of Ethiopia, Mr. Abhay Ahmed. He was known because last year, the Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to Abhay Ahmed. And the main reason why he was awarded Nobel Peace Prize is for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with Eritrea. However, it has been recently observed that he has been very assertive with respect to storing water in this dam. And news article also talks about Arab League which has asked Ethiopia not to take any unilateral step. So what they are asking is that Ethiopia should take into consideration the concerns of Egypt and other neighboring countries with respect to this dam come hydroelectric power project. See, Arab League or the League of Arab States is actually a voluntary association of countries whose people are mainly Arabic speaking or these are the countries where Arabic is an official language. This League was founded in the year 1945. At present it is having around 22 members and know that Ethiopia is not one of the member country and more importantly, the state of Palestine is a member country in this Arab League. And we also know that state of Palestine is also a member country in organization of Islamic State. Now let's come to the original discussion based on which let us solve this prelims practice question. So as we saw the grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam we can easily arrive at the correct answer because the term Ethiopia is in the name of the dam. So here second pair is incorrectly matched both white Nile Dam, see white Nile Dam is in Sudan and Aswan Dam is in Egypt. So the correct answer for this question is option C one and three only. Now let's move on to next news article. This picture based news article states that border roads organization is clearing snow at the Zozila Pass. Based on this article, let us take one question based on passes. They have given passes and where they are situated and they're asking which among the above pairs are matched incorrectly. They're saying Zozila is situated in Ladakh. See this pair is correct. Zozila Pass is situated on Great Himalayas. It is situated at an altitude of 11,578 feet above the sea level. To be specific it is situated on national highway one called as Srinagar Kargil Leh National Highway. And this pass serves as only link between Ladakh and Kashmir. It is a high mountain pass and one has to cross this high mountain pass to reach Ladakh region from Kashmir Valley. So this pass is called as a gateway to Ladakh and know that this pass remains closed during winters due to heavy snowfall. As a result, the entire Ladakh region of India is cut off from Kashmir through road connectivity. So to provide all other connectivity between Kashmir and Ladakh, Government of India has initiated construction of a tunnel in this pass. And in May 2018, Prime Minister has kickstarted the work for this Zozila tunnel. See it is a 14 kilometer long tunnel. There are two lanes and it is a bi-directional single tube tunnel. And this will become India's longest road tunnel and after the construction it will become the longest bi-directional tunnel in Asia. By the construction of this tunnel there will be all weather connectivity between Srinagar Kargil and Leh. This will cut down the present time taken significantly to cross the Zozila pass. Presently it takes around three and a half hours to cross the pass. With the tunnel it will be reduced to just 15 minutes. In addition to reducing the time, the tunnel is also expected to make driving more safe and convenient. Now let's come to the second pair. Here they have matched Shibkila pass with Sikkim. See this pair is wrongly matched. This is because Shibkila pass is not situated in Sikkim but situated in Kinaur district of Himachal Pradesh. It is located in eastern part of Indo-Tibetan border at an altitude of 5,571 meters. Also know that river Sattlech enters the Kinaur region near Shibkila pass in the northeast. Now let's come to next pair which states that Nathula pass is situated in Himachal Pradesh. This is wrong because Nathula pass is situated in Sikkim. Know that before 1962 Nathula pass was a major corridor of passage between India and Tibet. However in 1962 it was closed. Nathula pass is located around some 55 kilometers from Gangtok in Sikkim at an altitude of 14,400 feet and Indian tourists, they are allowed to go close to international border and they can see even the Chinese soldiers on the other side of the border. This pass is open for Indians five days a week. However they need required permission from tourism and civil aviation department through a registered travel agency. Know that foreign nationals are not allowed to visit Nathula pass and photography is also strictly prohibited in this area. Now coming to this question here second and third pairs are incorrectly matched. So the correct answer for this question is option C 2 and 3. This news article states that a bench of national company law appellate tribunal is being constituted in Chennai so as to handle matters arising from southern states. So as per the notification there will be a Chennai based bench and this will hear the appeals against the orders of benches of national company law tribunal that has jurisdiction in southern states and UTs like Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Lakshadvip and Puducherry. The principal bench of Enclad will be the existing bench at New Delhi only and Enclad at New Delhi will continue to hear appeals other than those in the jurisdiction of Chennai Enclad. This notification of the government is to come into effect from day after tomorrow that is from 18th March, 2020. So this is considered to be a step taken by the government to strengthen NCLT and Enclad in terms of number of benches, number of members primarily to reduce the pendency of litigations related to corporate matters. We have discussed in detail about national company law tribunal and national company law appellate tribunal in our analysis on 19th November, 2019. So you may watch this video with reference to understanding about the functions of Enclad, NCLT, legality, composition and other parameters. Now let's take a question based on Enclad. National company law appellate tribunal was constituted under section 410 of Companies Act 2013. It hears appeals against the orders of national company law tribunals under Companies Act of 2013, against the orders passed by national company law tribunals under section 61 of IBC 2016, then against the orders passed by Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India under section 202 and 211 of IBC. Note that all the given statements are correct. Therefore, the correct answer is option D. In addition to these, Enclad is also the appellate tribunal to hear and dispose appeals against any direction issued or any decision made or orders passed by Competition Commission of India, however pertaining to the matter of awarding compensation or section 53 capital N of Competition Act of 2002. And note that any order of Enclad may be appealed at the Supreme Court, however within 60 days from the date of receipt of order of Enclad. This is based on section 423 of Companies Act of 2013. So the correct answer here is option D, one, two and three. Now let us see other practice questions that are displayed along with the news articles. See this question is with reference to Pradhan Mandri, Rojgarh Protsohan Yojana. They are asking which of the following statements is correct and to select correct answer from the code given below. See, Rojgarh in Hindi means employment and Protsohan means encouragement. This program is to incentivize employers who are registered with Employees Provident Fund Organization. They are incentivized for creating jobs. How they are incentivized is they are incentivized because of the contribution made by Government of India. The Government of India will be paying the full contribution of the employer made for Employee Pension Scheme and also for Employees Provident Fund. If you see the first statement, it states under the scheme, Government of India will be paying full employers contribution towards Employee Pension Scheme only. This statement is wrong because of the word only. Even the second statement where it says Government of India will be paying the full employers contribution towards Employees Provident Fund only. But we know that after April 2018, Government has been paying the full contribution of employer towards both Employee Pension Scheme and also Employees Provident Fund. So both these statements are incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is option D. Neither one nor two because both are incorrect. Now note that the benefits or the contribution of Government for employers contribution towards the scheme and the fund is for new employment and will be eligible for first three years of the employment of an individual only. And they are saying the entire system is online and other based and there is no human interface in the implementation of the scheme. Now one of the direct benefit of the scheme is that eligible workers, they will have access to social security benefits of organized sector. There are two benefits of implementing the scheme. One is that the employer is incentivized for increasing employment base of workers in the establishment. And secondly, a huge number of workers will find jobs in those establishments that are registered with Employees Provident Fund organization. Now note that all establishments that are registered with EPFO under EPF Act of 1952, they can apply for availing benefits under the scheme from Government of India. There is one another important criteria. These benefits are targeted for employees earning wages less than or equal to rupees 15,000 per month. Therefore, new employees earning wages more than 15,000 per month, they are not eligible under the scheme. So correct answer is option D. Neither one nor two. Now this question is with reference to Taratharani Mela, India's culture and tradition. See this Taratharani Mela is a festival that is annually conducted or celebrated in Taratharani temple in Kumari Hills in Gajam district in Odisha. And this temple, Taratharani temple is one of the oldest pilgrimage centers for Shaktiism in India. We know that Shaktiism is a tradition associated with Goddess Sati. And therefore the correct answer for this question is option C. It is a festival associated with Shaktiism tradition in Odisha. With this, we come to the end of today's The Hindu News Analysis. If you like the video, click the like button, comment, share and subscribe to Shankaray's Academy YouTube channel for more updates and content on civil service exam preparation. We'll meet you tomorrow.


Oh man, I'm loving it. So you guys do stay tuned in. Remember that you can find us on our social media handles Please share them Hilda and then we can delve right into our videos. Yes. Yes, we'll enjoy It's a try to fight for channel on Twitter. Hashtag breaking views if you like to be more specific Hashtag wine morning on Facebook. We're trying to fight for an Instagram white to fight for underscore channel on DSTV 276 on signet H24 satin 64. So, yes, it's about time we delve into our first video of the day So are you ready? I'm ready. I say now Let us see. We will you need video Kwanzaa. I was confused and puzzled. I was confuzzled. I was just but anyway cast Omar care Am I wondering how you how would you say it? Let's check it out first and then let's talk about it in a couple of seconds Oh, thank you Oh So that was an audio I have a friend who personally works there. I know I know your life is very interesting You know, if I had stress and then there's some Kenyans that call in to say such things.  Can you just read my emphasis statement there? Please tell me who I am. Who am I? Who is we? Who is I? You know For sure and asking about Nakumat But you know, that's a bomb job Actually, I've never looked survey that way. But if you look at it nicely whether this guy's for call centers, Havana You might you know, not everyone is sensible reasonable calling in 40. Oh, I want to do this No guys are calling in for some stranger reasons This is why the caption there was really, you know Kenya to army, you know So there's some idlers who just have to make our days, you know, let's see how me Kenya. Oh, it's a good life It's a good life after to cook up a module as much as we are the most depressed nation We are still the funniest out there. You know, they make a fool to be this guy. Yeah So now for our next video for all of you who always got to the club alone, you know And then you meet that one person who is just vibing with you and then you know it and from that it's history You know, just check this one up They're singing dog. Well, it's it was like, you know, I saw that we think I was like, oh, wow Doing that thing they do like when they're crying but he's doing it like with the music But I think it's interesting whatever that was it was interesting and you're to say the truth That's a good depiction of man's best friend The next video me, I love it and you know guys hate on this particular How can I say? There's something people say about the campers and they like to pound that one particular thing and I think we've all had it And it's nothing to do with like I don't know how to explain But this video think I second it or never level. She's just not right But it's just not right like in it's interesting. Let's take a look and you saw even the caption was saying You know, it's very good saying the caption itself was saying That was bad because of the somersaulting. I'm thinking to myself Jesus Well, someone has been kind enough to point out the fact that they're surprised that she pulled off that somersault and did not rip that cat Can you imagine it was all the way down? Can you imagine how she has perfected her skill? She can actually do some serious by lay-up in there But I'd like to know what she ate in the morning and I'd like to have that kind of energy I was thinking that too like that she has insane energy I don't want to know man You don't want to know? You don't want to know but don't tell me something about that Yeah I imagine when I talk in marathon it's not going to be But I think it's kind of unfair to stereotype our brothers and sisters over there because you know they're just there Well, there's one king called David who danced until his clothes fell off So if no child can dance like that I think this is nothing new for the Lord, you know It's nothing new And then why were there spectators? I don't know what to say How come she was dancing by herself? Other guys are now dancing You do not interrupt somebody who is experiencing the joy of the Lord Is it you? They are worshipping or praising Can you mind your own business? I don't know what to say By the way, she's even called demon exorcism I'm saying that So hey, by the way, I think that was Oh poor thing But you do not subscribe to the stereo typing What is it called? Captioning on that video So welcome, please We know some of you are Christians All right, all right So for our next video Captioning Captioning of our new currency Can be thrown in October Some people are going to be throwing away some serious things out here Anyway, you just check this one out Hey Matruf, forgive me I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry You don't even know what you're talking about You don't even know that You don't really know what you're talking about Exp DH You don't even know what you're talking about They'll figure out who did it Oh God, you don't? You don't know what you're talking about


Welcome everyone once again. Let's talk about media and communication. So in the digital world, kids are constantly exposed to advertising, but are they really equipped to understand it? I've invited Sophie Borman from the University of Amsterdam and Wageningen University and Research to explore the concepts of advertising literacy and uncover the effectiveness of pictograms, those small symbols designed to warn kids about sponsored content. So Sophie and I will discuss Sophie's and colleagues' research study that investigated the impact of these pictograms on minors' advertising awareness and understanding. So the question really is here, how do we create really informed online consumers? Sophie, welcome to our episode. Thank you. Sophie, there is an ongoing debate now on how to create safe, transparent digital environment for minors and I believe this is where the relevance of your study lies into. Am I right? Yeah, definitely. I think children are exposed to a lot of advertising that is a bit hidden in content that they want to consume, that is influencer content. And we know that the idea is that children are particularly vulnerable to these types of hidden advertising tactics because they find it very difficult to recognize, especially because they have limited information processing capability and advertising literacy. Let's follow up Amir on that. You cite a regular article and you cite research showing that minors have limited information processing capacity which may in consequence limit their advertising literacy. So what was missing in the research specifically that you wanted to address? So we did some studies before in which we tried to develop different ways of creating transparency about influencer marketing and in one of these studies we created different pictograms, in cooperation with children and also by studying them and asking children about these pictograms. But in the end we found that we did an experiment in which we show children different influencer YouTube videos with these pictograms and we found that children actually rarely noticed them and therefore they didn't have a lot of effect. And we wanted to find out how can we increase this effectiveness of these types of pictograms because we did develop them together with these children so they should be quite effective. And we thought maybe we need to inform them and make them more familiar with these pictograms and maybe an awareness campaign can be helpful there because if children or if people are more familiar with pictograms we are more likely to notice them and then it's more likely that they have an effect. So we wanted to find out if an awareness campaign could increase the effects of these pictograms. Well then let us know what did you find and the insights of that. Yeah, so what we did is we tested two different pictograms and we created an awareness campaign informing children about these pictograms and what they meant and why they were used and we incorporated them in experiments and made children watch sponsored YouTube videos either with or without this awareness campaign. And what we found is three important things. One of them is that miners were actually quite capable of distinguishing these sponsored content in the videos when we asked them explicitly. So they do have some level of advertising literacy here which is something that we were very happy to see because we always think that they are very vulnerable but if we asked them then they were actually quite capable of understanding that there was advertising in the sponsored videos. And what we also found again is that the pictograms were hardly noticed and also had little effect on their conceptual and external advertising literacy. So they didn't increase recognition of advertising they didn't make the children more aware of the intent and they also didn't make them much more critical. But we did find that one of the pictograms actually made them less critical towards the influencer advertising which is something that we found before that usually children appreciate transparency so they appreciate these pictograms but they don't really care about the advertising that they are informing about. And most importantly I think we found that this awareness campaign did not necessarily lead to higher recognition of the pictogram so it didn't increase the attention to the pictogram which we hope to find nor did it enhance advertising literacy. What we did see is that this awareness campaign could really increase the understanding of the pictogram. So even though most of the children did understand in some way what the pictogram was trying to inform about this awareness campaign did increase this so they were more capable of understanding what the pictogram was trying to communicate to them. Let's talk about practical consequences of this either for children, for parents, for lawmakers so I'm curious to know more about that. Yeah so based upon our findings we argued that the way that these pictograms are used right now or the way that we try to communicate to children that there's advertising in videos is hardly effective because they don't notice them so we thought maybe an awareness campaign can help and I think we do see that there's some potential here because it does increase for instance the understanding but we need to find out this was just one exposure and only one exposure to the pictogram so I actually think that this study shows potential in using such an awareness campaign and also in using these pictograms but that it needs to be repeated and also the pictogram people need to be familiar with it and have to see it more often to really use this as information as a cue to think about what is it is this video advertising or not and what we also see is because this is something that we find in this study but also in previous research is that these disclosures, these types of pictograms they can be very useful but again they are often not noticed so what we say is if you want to create a safe and transparent digital environment for minors we should definitely use these disclosures to create transparency but we should also combine it with other ways of informing children and increasing their advertising literacy and making also influencers and advertisers more aware of their responsibility of clearly communicating what is going on and why some content is commercial and advertising and why others is not and what would you... sorry, you want to continue? Yeah and I also wanted to add that I think one very positive finding is that we did actually develop a pictogram that children understood and also appreciated so I think again I want to emphasize that I do really think that these types of disclosures, these pictograms do have potential here and that's especially if you create them together with children they can be very useful. And what would you recommend future research should focus on so more practical cases with children, other platforms what are we looking at now? I think one of the key here is to find disclosure implementations that actually attract the attention so should they be bigger, longer more repetition that is something that future research could investigate also using for instance eye tracking to see what people are looking at when watching these videos and definitely we focused only on YouTube videos here and we know that children are children spend a lot of time on TikTok as well and other social media so we can definitely extend it to these types of platforms but yeah I think main focus here should be improving attention to these types of transparency measures. This has been Sophie an episode very straight on point as we like it and we had to compress this conversation in one or two sentences in a punchline what would it be? I think in one or two sentences I think if you want to help children understand that some content might actually be commercial we need to transparently disclose this I think pictograms can be a way to do this but we definitely need to explore how and we need to make sure that people actually notice them. Alright Sophie, thank you very much. For those who are watching us on YouTube you can find all the resources, all the materials of this conversation including the study that Sophie just presented at the Let's Talk About Media and Communication website Alternatively, you can listen to this episode wherever you get your podcast, you have a newsletter you can subscribe in our website to keep in touch with our latest episodes and you can also follow us on Twitter at Kojitatiu LTA


If you live in the how-littles, eventually your horse goes well what if I don't?  Then there's those of us who live in the how-soon moment. Have you ever seen a rider that everything is fast? They snatch, snatch, snatch. Everything's fast. How fast can they go? How fast can they stop? Can they bend their horse? Some folks really work on the speed, but what happens when you're always working on speed? What happens to their brain? Yeah, they get scared of you.  So we have this as a balance.


We have many distinguished scholars at the Cato Institute. Scholars in constitutional studies, economics, foreign policy, education. But perhaps our most distinguished scholar, at least if we can agree that it depends on what the meaning of distinguished is, is our H.L. Minkin Research Fellow, P.J. O'Rourke. I've sort of grown up with P.J. when I was in college. The most popular magazine on campus was National Lampoon, which he edited. And I remember quite a few funny bits from it, but I can't repeat any of them today because they all involve drug use, ethnic stereotypes, or gender relations. And they're all forbidden today. He then moved on to Rolling Stone, where he was the foreign affairs desk chief, which was totally cool because they paid him to travel wherever he wanted, though it was never exactly clear to me why he wanted to travel to places like Beirut and Jim and Tammy Baker's retirement village. Now, as we both move out of the rock and roll stage and into the age of sober reflection, he's a correspondent for the Soberist magazine in America, The Atlantic Monthly. And in there, he writes soberly about Medicare reform, social security reform, campaign finance reform, and other adult topics. By my count, P.J. is the author of 13 books, including Holidays in Hell, Republican Party Reptile, Parliament of Whores, All the Trouble in the World, and Eat the Rich. He's one of the funniest writers around.  Parliament of Whores is a very funny book, but it's also a very perceptive analysis of politics around the turn of the century in a modern democracy. And if you read Eat the Rich, you'll learn more about how countries get rich and why they don't than in a whole year of econ at most colleges. In fact, I'm frequently asked, you know, what book should I give my son? What book should I recommend? What book should I buy for a library? And I really have come to think that the first book to read about economics is Eat the Rich because it is fun to read, but you really do learn the basic principles of why countries get rich and why they don't. His Rolling Stone article on the issue of drug legalization a few years ago had a lot of good reporting mixed in with the raucous jokes, and his conclusions might surprise you if you could figure out what they were. In his latest book, instead of visiting Baghdad or China, though in fact he just did that and wrote about it in Forbes FYI recently, he sat down in his study with Adam Smith, and now he's published a short introduction to one of the great books of the Western world, which you'd never actually want to read, The Wealth of Nations. The Wealth of Nations was already written. The new book is called On the Wealth of Nations. So 900 dense pages or 200 pages with big margins, Adam Smith or PJ O'Rourke, You Be the Judge. It's a pleasure to introduce the H. L. Makin Research Fellow of the Cato Institute, PJ O'Rourke. Yeah, this was a bit of a, you know, throwing me into the deep end of the intellectual pool where I am not accustomed to swim. Atlantic Monthly Press has been my publisher forever, and they have this set of small volumes called Books that change the world.  And they asked me to do one of these. So the whole series, it's a series, it's informed commentaries on the Bible, the Koran, the origin of species, Das Kapital, et cetera. Now, the idea that Atlantic had here was, is no one reads these great books anymore, and no one is ever going to read them again. Let's face it, because, I mean, with the advent of television, we entered the post-literate age, and now we have gone so far beyond that. I mean, we've got the internet and Google and Wikipedia. We've now entered the post-intelligent age, as far as I can tell. I mean, we will live to see the day when a cultivated and learned person is spoken of as being well-blogged. So Atlantic had this clever idea, which is to tell us what we would have read in the great books if we'd read them, and then to tell us what we would have thought about what we would have read if we did any thinking. So, in fact, though, actually, the idea, these books that changed the world, they are supposed to be also of some value to people who have actually read The Wealth of Nations. And I think all of the people that have read The Wealth of Nations are probably in this room tonight. So Atlantic had a clever idea. Now, how clever they were to ask me to do the book about Wealth of Nations? I am not so sure. I guess they were kind of brainstorming. They were trying to think about how they could present important concepts to a 21st century that is obsessed with trivial concepts, and they thought to themselves, well, nobody can make things as trivial as PJ can, and so we'll ask him. And I needed the money. And so I sat down and I loaded my lap with this case of Scotch weight of Adam Smith's opus, and I cracked it open to page one of so very, very, very many pages. And what this did was it brought up a fundamental intellectual quandary, a very important intellectual question that I call the quantity query. Why is The Wealth of Nations so damn long? I mean, it's an important question about great books. We've all faced a quantity query. I mean, very often late at night, right before an exam, we've faced that one. I think even a devout biblical literalist studying at a conservative Baptist seminary has got to face that question about Midway through the Begats in First Chronicle. He's got to be wondering, what am I doing with this thing? Now, I have been told that one of the pleasures of middle age is that you get to read the classics again. It's been 40 years since I was in college. I've forgotten all about these things, and you get to read them anew. And I found indeed that there were all sorts of unremembered wonders in The Wealth of Nations, primarily my wondering whether I had ever actually read any of it back when I was supposed to have been reading it. I mean, was it The Wealth of Nations that I'd forgotten, or was it The Wealth of Nations Cliff Notes that I had forgotten? I have no idea. However, there's another pleasure, another pleasure to middle age, and that is as the face reddens more with rum blossoms, it reddens less with embarrassment. And I am now of an age where I am not embarrassed to ask why the hell is The Wealth of Nations so damn long. I wouldn't have had the guts to do that when I was in college.  But no, I can do that. And interestingly, one of the main reasons for Adam Smith's lack of economy with words was economic. See, when Wealth was published, it sold for one pound 16 shillings. And the average wage at the time in 1776 when Wealth of Nations was published was 10 shillings a week. See, consumers demand good weight. I mean, even wealthy consumers of intellectual luxury goods, I'll give you an example. I mean, pick up Bill Clinton's autobiography, right? Now that could have been summed up in a few choice words, you know, and weighs pounds. And as a matter of fact, Cato did just that for Adam Smith. Cato's Libertarian Reader, edited by David, makes all of Adam Smith's essential economic points in just seven and a half pages of excerpts from The Wealth of Nations. And there's a kind of interesting story about that. It was Tom Palmer, I believe, who picked out the seven and a half pages that are used in Libertarian Reader. And David is putting together the reader. And when he's done putting it together, he sits down and he's writing an introduction to the Libertarian Reader. And he writes one of those little comments to the effect of that all the original works from which these excerpts have drawn can be enjoyed in their entirety. And Tom seizes and he rushes into David's office and he says, no, not the Wealth of Nations. It cannot be enjoyed in its entirety. See, the problem was that the problem that Smith faced was that his genius was to establish economics as a scientific discipline that was distinct from the unruly jumble of the mental and material world that we encounter anytime we actually do anything that's economic. But it just doesn't take much of any kind of economic encounter to bring all the other scientific disciplines jumbling down on our heads. I mean, if you consider the psychology, the sociology, the political science, and indeed the mechanical engineering that are involved when I discovered that my five year old has left Walmart with an unpaid for my little pony, you know. And see, Adam Smith was willing, he was willing to dive right in to, he was as willing as my crying child and I are to stray from strictly economic points. For example, here is Smith. Here is Smith 231 years ahead of himself explaining why Angelina Jolie makes a discredible amount of money. Smith said, there are some very agreeable and beautiful talents of which the possession commands a certain sort of admiration, but of which the exercise for the sake of gain is considered as a sort of public prostitution. The exorbitant rewards of players, opera singers, opera dancers, et cetera, are founded upon the rarity and beauty of the talents and the discredit of employing them. Now that is the sort of thing that makes the 800 and 92 and a half pages of the wealth of nations that aren't in the libertarian reader worth reading, or some of them. I mean, Tom Palmer was not wrong. There is, for instance, Smith's 67-page digression concerning the variations in the value of silver during the course of the last four centuries and getting through that. That was like reading modern maturity in Urdu. You see, the Enlightenment was blessed with a very clear prose style, I'm glad to say, clear but digressive. 18th century writers, they thought of digressions the way that 21st century moms with careers think of multitasking. Plus, the pace of reading was a lot slower in the 18th century and there wasn't much on TV. So the whole thing was, you know, they really didn't mind length and the wealth of nations was going to be long no matter what because the Enlightenment takes its name from what in retrospect was a sort of cartoon moment in intellectual history. I mean, light bulbs, except they didn't have light bulbs, light bulbs went on over the heads of all these people like Adam Smith. They had a sudden realization that the physical world was not some divine obscurity that was apprehendable only through prayer and monkish meditation. In other words, they realized that not looking at things was not the best way of looking at things. See, if you illuminated the machinery of nature with a little observation and a little thought, you could see how things work. The universe was explicable and Enlightenment thinkers were prime mover, damn it, going to explain no matter how long it took them. Now, all explanations start out brief, but pretty soon, you know, Smith gets, he gets a meshed in clarification. So he gets intellectually caught out kind of kind of Dagwood-like carrying his shoes up the stairs of exegesis at 3 a.m., expounding his head off while the vexed and quarrelous spouse, the reader, stands with arms crossed and slipper tapping on the second floor landing of comprehension. Now, nonetheless, there is this core of simplicity to the wealth of nations. I mean, what Adam Smith did was he illuminated the mystery of economics, and you still hear people talk about the mystery of economics. The mystery of economics. Well, Smith illuminated it and enlightened it. One flash, he said, consumption is the sole end and purpose of all production. There is no mystery to economics. Smith took the meta out of the physics. I mean, economics, it's our livelihood, and that is all that it is. And so the wealth of nations argues that there are three basic principles. It's three basic principles, and it argues them with plain thinking and with plentiful examples, very, very plentiful examples, unfortunately, and it proves them. It proves them. I mean, even intellectuals should have no trouble understanding Smith's ideas. Economic progress depends upon a trinity of individual freedoms, of individual prerogatives, the pursuit of self-interest, the division of labor, and freedom of trade.  That was Smith's most brilliant insight. Now, to a 21st century audience, this hardly sounds like news, or rather it sounds like everything that's in the news. I mean, because these days, altruism itself is proclaimed at the top of the altruist lungs. I mean, it is certainly of interest to the self to be a celebrity, and Bob Geldorf has found a way to remain one. But for most of mankind's history, it was the wisdom of philosophy and the teachings of religion.  They ought to sacrifice themselves. And per Abraham and Isaac, they ought to sacrifice their family members if they could catch them. And there was a reason for this. There was a reason that philosophy and religion taught us to seek the meek. And it was quite straightforward. Most people, in those days, had no control over their material circumstances at all. In fact, if they were slaves or serfs, and most of them were, they had no control over their material selves. I mean, in the doghouse of the ancient and medieval world, aestheticism made us feel less like dogs. However, Smith was living at a time and in a place where ordinary people were beginning to have some power to pursue their own self-interest. And this made Smith say, using a tone that was very close to the tone of modern irony, it caused Smith to say, is this improvement in the circumstances of the lower ranks of the people? Is it to be regarded as an advantage or an inconvenience to society? I mean, in the 18th century, prosperity was not yet considered a self-evidently good thing for poor people. And the reason was nobody had ever asked those poor people. And in a lot of places in the world, nobody has asked those poor people yet to this day. I mean, Smith was pointing out that it is not a question of religious sacrilege. It is not a question of philosophical folly to better our circumstances. The question is how to do it. And the answer is division of labor, what we would call specialization. Obvious answer, it's an obvious answer, except to most of the scholars who had theorized about economics before Adam Smith. I mean, division of labor has existed since mankind has. I mean, when the original Adam delved and his Eve span, I mean, the division of labor might be said to have been painfully obvious. I mean, women endured the agonies of childbirth while men fiddled around the garden. Now, the Adam I'm talking about, he was not the first philosopher to notice specialization or to see that division of labor is as innate as labor is. But Adam Smith was the first person to truly understand how vital, how important that division of labor is. In fact, he seems to have invented the term division of labor. See, the little fellow, the little fellow with the big ideas chips the spear points, and the courageous oaf spears the mammoth. And the artistic type does a lovely cave painting of it all. One person makes a thing, another person makes another thing, and then everybody wants everything. So they trade. Now, trade may be theoretically good or self sufficiency may be theoretically better. But to even think about theories like that, it is a waste of that intermittently useful specialization called thought. Trade is just an absolute fact. And Smith saw in his other brilliant insight that all trades, when they are freely conducted, all trades are mutually beneficial by definition. Now, a person with this got that, which he wanted more from a person who wanted this more than that.  Viewing a cave painting cannot be worth 300 pounds of mammoth ham. The mutuality may be lopsided. A starving artist gorges himself for months while a courageous oaf of a new art patron stands scratching his head in a paleolithic grotto. And we can imagine that that wily spearpoint chipper took his mammoth slice along the way. But, you know, they didn't ask us. It is none of our business what trades they make. Unless, of course, unless we make it our business by introducing restraints on trade. And, you know, a restraint on trade, it doesn't merit the name restraint unless there is coercion involved. And I will give you an example of a coercive trade. A coercive trade is this. A coercive trade is when I get the spearpoints and the mammoth meat and the cave paintings and the cave and what you get is killed. That is a coercive trade. That is a trade restraint. Now, coercion, simply the lack of individual freedom, the lack of individual prerogatives, coercion destroys the mutually beneficial nature of trade, which destroys the trading, which destroys the division of labor, which destroys progress. Now, Smith, with this logical demonstration of how productivity is increased, what he did was he disproved that horrible idea, which is still dearly held by all leftists and also by everybody's little brother, that bettering the condition of one person necessarily worsens the condition of somebody else. But wealth is not like that. Wealth is not a pizza. If you have too many slices, I don't have to eat the dominoes box. And wealth is not zero sum. Now, if wealth can be increased, if there's no set fixed amount of wealth, then a nation cannot be said to have some sort of set fixed horde of treasure. The wealth of a nation, the wealth of a nation, it has to be measured by the volume of trades and goods and services. It has to be measured by what goes on in the castle's kitchens and stables and not measured by what is locked up in the strong boxes in the castle's tower. Now, Smith specified this measurement right in the first sentence of his introduction to the wealth of nations. He said, the annual labor of every nation is the fund which supplies it with all the necessaries and conveniences with which it is annually consumes. So what Smith did there, just in one stroke, he created the concept of gross domestic product. Now, without GDP, economists would be left with nothing to say. I mean, they'd be left standing around mute and ugly neckties waiting for MSNBC to ask them to be silent on the air. So if wealth is all ebb and flow, then so is the measure of wealth, money. Money has no intrinsic value. Another great Smith insight. Now, any baby who's eaten a nickel could tell you that money has no intrinsic value. And those of us who are old enough to have heard of the Weimar Republic or to have lived through the Carter administration, we're not peened by the information that money has no intrinsic value. But in the 18th century, money was still mostly precious metals. And Smith's observation about money, it must have been a little disheartening to a lot of his readers. Even though they knew, they knew. I mean, because they had the example of impoverished but bling deluged Spain sitting right there in front of them to show that money had, you know, I mean, gold is, well, it's worth its weight in gold. Yes, definitely. But it's not necessarily worth anything else. And it was almost as though, as I can say a little disheartening, it was almost as though Smith, having proved that we could all have more money, then proved that money doesn't buy happiness. And it doesn't, it rents it. So the wealth of nations is published with this, with a very nice coincidence in the same year, 1776, that the greatest capitalist country in the history of mankind declares its independence. And now contrary to what is sometimes thought, Smith's work, the Smith's wealth of nations, it did not shock his contemporaries at all. In fact, to the educated people of Great Britain, the idea of the United States of America, that was much more unreasonable, more counterintuitive, more as it were outlandish than anything that Smith had to say.  And that was, that had been tacitly acknowledged since the world began going around.  The idea that money is at root an imaginary thing, that worry had been worried through by David Hume, Smith's best friend, at least a quarter of a century before the wealth of nations. And in fact, the fictitious nature of money had been understood since classical times. I mean, in the 200 years following the reign of the emperor Nero, the silver content of Roman coinage, it went from 100% to zero to absolutely not whatsoever. But even though the wealth of nations didn't really shock people and didn't really surprise them, even though the things that it said were things that they were already beginning to understand of their own accord, still there was something in the wealth of nations that was a kind of grit in the gears of enlightenment thinking. And that grit is still there. I mean, I found it to be still present when I sat down to read the wealth of nations 230 years later. I'm reading about, you know, pursuit of self interest. And I think, well, I'm not greedy. I'm not self interested.  And I hope they lose the next election because then maybe we can get some caring and compassionate people in public office, people who aren't greedy and selfish. And if we can elect those people who aren't greedy and selfish, those environmentalists, well, then maybe the subdivision full of McMansions is going to block my view of the ocean won't get built, right? And let's face it, let's face it, the lower ranks of the people, they do have too much money. I mean, look at Britney Spears. I mean, that's terrible. You know, I mean, or a better example, those money bags buying those, those shadows to go on the beachfront there. I mean, them with their, their four barge garage and their Martha bitching Stewart kitchen that they cook in about as often as Martha does the dishes, you know, I mean, yeah, yeah, they may think they're not the lower ranks of people because they make a lot of dough, you know, but I, but their lifestyle is an inconvenience to society big time as they will find out when I key their Hummer that's taken up three parking spots.  Turnips can be stored for a year and to use only fair traded internet services with open code programming. And we're going to heat the house with means of clean energy, renewable resources such as wind power from drafts under the door and, and, and, and we're going to knit our children's clothes with organic wool from sheep raised under humane farming conditions in our yard. And, and this will keep the kids warm and cozy if somewhat itchy and, and it will build their character because they will get teased on the street.  This would be, this would be good for the economy, good for the economy, but money isn't everything. I mean, think of the danger and damage to society.  They could have embezzled all sorts of money, you know, if it hadn't been for government regulation. I mean, you know, without restrictions on the sale of hazardous substances, young people might smoke and drink, even take drugs, you know, without the licensing of medical practitioners. I mean, the way would be clear for chiropractors, osteopaths, purveyors of aromatherapy, who knows what, you know, if we didn't have labor unions, 30,000 people, they'd still be wage slaves at Ford, you know, I mean, their daily lives filled with mindless drudgery, you know, and, and if it weren't for various forms of retail collusion in the petroleum industry, I mean, filling stations, they could charge as little as they, as they liked, you know, and I would have to drive all over town to find the best price, and that would waste gas, you know, so we have to regulate, we absolutely have to regulate, and we also, we have to consider the harm to the developing world, you know, I mean, you cheap pop music, MP3 downloads imported from the United States, they're going to put every nose flute band in Peru out of business. Plus, some jobs just require protection to ensure that they're performed locally in their own communities, my job, just for instance, I mean, my job's to make quips and jests and waggish comments, you know, you know, somewhere in Mumbai, there is a younger, funnier person willing to work for a lot less than me, you know, and my job could be outsourced, you know, it could be outsourced to him, but you know, if that happened, if that happened, he could make any joke he wanted, he could make any joke he wanted, he could let his sense of humor run wild, he could get completely tasteless, he could start making Jerry Ford funeral jokes, you know, about how it went on longer than the Ford administration went on and had more substance.  I mean, of course, I understand that money isn't what's valuable, love is what's valuable, and my bank account is full of love, or something that's closely related to love, such as sex, which is to say I have F all in my bank account.   So you see, the thing of it is, at some gut psychological level, at some visceral, feral, you know, place down inside us that we don't want to go to, we just don't take the axioms, none of us take the axioms of Adam Smith as givens, not unless what's given to us are, you know, vast profits and enormous salaries and huge year-end bonuses that result from unfettered markets and productivity growth and current Fed policy. I mean, but, you know, I began to realize when I had gotten all the way through the wealth of nations that the real purpose of the wealth of nations was to keep me from being a crazy person, was to keep me from being out on the street, throwing bricks through the windows of Starbucks because they're not utilizing fair trade coffee that's being grown in sustainable conditions, you know. I mean, it was really all about keeping me from going nuts when Walmart moves into my neighborhood to make me realize that the proper response to Walmart moving into my neighborhood is not for me to get involved in zoning quarrels, not for me to bring lawsuits, not for me to bring land use sort of thing and sign petitions, that if I am upset by Walmart moving into my neighborhood, the proper response is to get Target to build a store next door. That is the proper response.  Anyway, that's all I know about the wealth of nations, but if anybody's got any questions, I'll make up some other stuff. We do want to get upstairs so you can all get your books signed, but we'll take a few questions here, raise your hand, wait to be called on, and we'll bring a microphone to you. Wow, that doesn't sound very libertarian to me. That sounds pretty authoritarian and organized. Questions? No questions? Okay, I'm Bob Hershey, I'm a consultant, and I wondered what you found in your studies of wealth of nation that you didn't already know when you wrote Eat the Rich. Yeah, a number of things actually. I'll tell you one thing that looking back on Eat the Rich with that I didn't concentrate on enough was rule of law, rule of law. I didn't really understand how important equality before the law was. I made some mention of it in the book, but Smith is very firm on this. I think the other thing that is important with Adam Smith, and it's not just the wealth of nations, it's also the theory of moral sentiments, the book that comes before, is the moral basis.  I've got lots of reasons to be in favor of free markets, but I sometimes tend to lose sight, I think we all sometimes tend to lose sight of the moral ground that if indeed people are to have a qualitative equality with other people to be equal before the law, then everybody has to have an equal prerogative to specialize in their labor to take the job that they want, to trade the products, the fruits of their labor, and to pursue their own self-interest. And every time we make a move to restrict any of those things, we're not just messing around with the economy, we're not just causing people in the inner city to have higher prices because we're not allowing a Walmart in there, we're also impinging upon people's sacred freedoms. And sometimes I think in the pragmatic arguments that we tend to get into in many of our fields to lose sight of the moral importance of what is the libertarian stance. Sir. Thanks. Nice to ask for the Institute of Humane Studies. As you know, there are people who read the theory of moral sentiments often say that his views in there are contradictory to what he says in the wealth of nations because in the theory of moral sentiments he talks about the importance of sympathy for others. Now I think that they are reconcilable, but I wonder how do you reconcile? I heard that argument when I first started to read Adam Smith, I heard that, okay, this guy did these two different things, this theory of moral sentiments, this work of moral philosophy, and then he does this other work. And as a matter of fact, the 11th edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, which is where I always go for certainty because it was the last time that Western man was certain of anything was about 1911 or 12. And they actually argue that position in Encyclopedia Britannica. In fact, this is kind of a snarky article about Smith and Encyclopedia Britannica. And I began to realize, however, that this just was not the case. I mean, Smith had a very large project in mind as a moral philosopher. He intended to write three big books, theory of moral sentiments about how we come to make moral judgments and how we have the ammunition to make those moral judgments and how we can improve our moral judgments. Then there is the wealth of nations, how we can improve our material circumstances. The first one is about our moral circumstances. The second book is about our material circumstances. There was to be a third book, which he called about jurisprudence, which was how we could improve our political circumstances. He didn't write that for a number of reasons, partly because he died. But I also think he got discouraged about that one, because the last book of the wealth of nations, there are five books of wealth of nations, and book five is basically policy advice. It's Adam Smith's policy wonk. It's when he tries to apply his economic theories and to a certain extent his moral theories to the practical problems of politics, and it's titanic right into the iceberg.  It is self-contradictory. Some of it's even vaguely sort of cracked sounding. I think, without any evidence, but I just think that Adam Smith realized at some point towards the end of his life, he was a moral philosopher, and that politics has very little place for philosophy and no place for morals. And so book three just wasn't going to get written. But Smith goes on and on in the wealth of nations over and over again about how greed is always short-sighted. Yes, it's true that our economy grows not because of the sympathy and wonderful feelings we have for other people. That's the whole passage about the butcher and the brewer and the baker. Don't do this because they love you. They do it out of the pursuit of their own self-interest. But it also goes on at some length about how we have to live in a kind of society that have laws that respect people as equals and that give equal protection and contract and so on, so that we have to have a kind of material sympathy for each other. We have to have a long-sighted view. And there's nothing that contradicts what he says about morality. He's simply dealing with two different fields of endeavor here. I guess the example I would give is his arguments against slavery. In the theory of moral sentiments, he has an impassioned moral argument against slavery. And it's a good argument, it's a solid argument, and it's an inspiring argument. Then the wealth of nations, there's this rather cold argument against slavery saying, you know, slavery is expensive. Slavery is impractical. Slavery is inefficient. And if you read just that, without having first read the theory of moral sentiments, you'd think, God, this guy's, I mean, he's not wrong, but this is a kind of a cold approach to be taking to this, you know? But he thought you'd read the other book. So he didn't feel that he had to repeat himself about the moral repulsiveness. Yes, yeah. What would Adam Smith, and more importantly, what does the PGA work say about George Bush's war in Iraq? Ah, I'm afraid that probably falls into that jurisprudence book that he didn't write. Yeah, that one's too deep for me. You know, there is one thing that's weird about being in Washington is it's the city of certainty. You know, one thing you never hear in this phrase you never hear in the city is I don't know. You will hear, I don't have any information on that at this time. You occasionally hear that. But you never hear I don't know. And, you know, when it comes to the war in Iraq personally, I don't know. You know, I mean, there are some problems to which there are no solutions, you know, and there are some questions to which there are no good answers. And I fear that that may be one of them. Smith was not a big fan of war, especially when it was conducted for what he thought of as mercantile reasons. I don't think that that's why this war was conducted. A lot of people have said to me, oh, this war is all about oil. I was over when I was over covering the war. I was waiting for the war to start. I was in Kuwait, and I was flying around Kuwait in a Chinook helicopter.  It looks a little on the map, but it's actually the size of Connecticut and Rhode Island put together and it's flat as a patio. And we're out over the Kuwaiti desert. And it is just covered, covered with aircraft and Patriot missile batteries and transport trucks and tanks and artillery pieces and missiles and all this stuff. And the Bivwaks for 160,000 American troops. It's like wall-to-wall war. It's a war from me to the curvature of the earth in every direction. 360 degrees of war. And I looked down on that and I had this little epiphany about the war. And I thought to myself, boy, is it more expensive to steal oil than it is to buy it. So I don't really think the war was about oil. And that was really the wars that Smith was criticizing were mercantile wars. So I'm afraid we're going to have to let the guy recruse himself on that question. All right, one more question, then we're going to go upstairs. Right there. Back there. By the door. Back there. Right. Yes. All right, thank you. If you go another halfway around the world and back to the economics in a little bit, what do you think he would say about China, where we have what appears to be tremendous growth in GNP, GDP, and no freedom? Well, I'm not sure what he would say about that. But I think, you know, Adam Smith lived in a pre-democratic era. Adam Smith was no great fan of democracy. And the reason he was no great fan of democracy was he didn't have any experience of it. Like most 18 educated 18th century people, what he knew about democracy was mainly from the Peloponnesian wars.  And so in their other experience of democracy besides ancient Athens and its problems, where the, you know, the autocratic city-states in Italy, the Dutch Republic, which was a bit of a national enemy with the Brits, some of the Swiss cantons, but those were the same Swiss cantons that burned people at the stake for not agreeing with Calvin. You know, they didn't have much experience with democracy and what they'd seen hadn't been too pretty. And so they were not, they were great believers in natural law, in common law, in tradition, and in a limited monarchy, and a monarchy, and also in a kind of limited representation of the people. But they hadn't seen, because it didn't exist yet, that an ordinary broad-based democracy could work. So the current government of China wouldn't have been no great shock to Adam Smith. In fact, it would have been more or less power for the course, not as free as the Britain of his day, but not as oppressive as many of the other countries in Europe, let alone, say, Tsarist Russia. So I think that Adam Smith would probably be most impressed by the fact that ordinary people in China were greatly increasing their material well-being, and he would have expected to judge by Book Three, which is a history of economic development in Western Europe, by Book Three and Wealth of Nations, he would have expected these people in due time to have a, to acquire the political clout that naturally comes with increased material clout. Of course, again, another area Adam Smith was inexperienced in was what he had never seen anything the like of was totalitarianism. He did not, he was very familiar with despotism and with authoritarianism, but the machinery for totalitarianism and the ideology that went behind things like communism and fascism, had barely begun to bud in his day, and there was no example of that for him to, so he wouldn't have been able to say, he wouldn't have critiqued the communist party in China quite the same way we would have because he wouldn't have had that, that experience.


Hi, my name is Jane Crue. I'm a volunteer with the Sacramento County Sheriff's Search and Rescue Unit. I am a canine handler, which means I have a dog that searches for lost individuals. We as search and rescue volunteers train hundreds of hours so that we are prepared to help when needed and when called upon. We would love to have you and your family come out to the California Prep Day on August 27th in Old Sacramento. We would love to help you help your family survive the Wild West.


At Audiology Associates of Prestonsburg, you can live your life the way you want and find the freedom of better hearing. You'll experience patient care that is specific to you with exceptional follow-up care that ensures your hearing and balance needs are being met. Audiology Associates at 1428 Northlake Drive in Prestonsburg. The newest addition to Coal Run's shopping scene, the pallet bin had its ribbon-cutting on Saturday, September 10th. It is always a great thing to see a new business in our area, whether it's in Paipur or Coal Run or anywhere in Eastern Kentucky. It gives the people here in our community more places to shop, and I'm very glad to see here and glad to be part of their ribbon-cutting and angry and open these days. The turnout for the ribbon-cutting was incredible with a line that ran nearly the length of the building. I'm really tickled. I hope everybody's having a great time. We got a really good crowd in. I'm really thankful that the community wanted to come out and see what we had to sell today. Everything in the bin Saturday costed $10, but as the days passed, the prices will drop. Everything in the bin is $10 today, $10 tomorrow, Monday it'll be $7, Tuesday $5, Wednesday $3, and Thursday and Friday everything. Everything that's left will just be a dollar a piece. The pallet bin is located in the shopping plaza right behind Bob Evans. For Mountain Top News, I'm Kelsey Dean.


More and more people are discovering the benefits of bicycling. It's healthy, relaxing and fun. It's great exercise and something everyone can enjoy. Millions of Americans are saving money, reducing pollution and easing congestion every day by simply riding to work, to the store or to visit friends and family. Whether you are riding for the first time since childhood or you ride often, following a few simple pointers can make your ride safe and enjoyable. Hi, I'm Celine Yeager. You know that old saying, you never forget how to ride a bike? Well, it turns out that's only partly true. Sure, you can get on your bike and pedal, but do you really know how to drive your bike in today's traffic? Yes, I said, drive your bicycle. You see, riding a bicycle is very similar to driving a car. The same rules of the road apply to both. In many states, bicycles are considered vehicles, so bicyclists have the same responsibilities and rights as motorists. Here are some tips for safe riding. First, let's make sure you have a bike that fits you properly. Bikes these days come in a wide variety of styles and prices. Talk with the staff of your local bike shop about the kind of riding you'll do and choose the right bike for you. Hybrid and comfort bikes are great for everyday riding around town. Sport, touring and racing bikes are better for longer rides. If you are riding off-road, head for the mountain bike section of the store for bikes with fatter tires and gearing better suited to unpaved trails. Getting a bike that fits makes it easier and safer to handle and much more enjoyable to ride. Make sure there's an inch or two between you and the top tube on a road bike. And on a mountain bike, you want the clearance to be more like five inches to make it easier and safer to get off the bike on rough terrain. Adjust your seat height so there's a slight bend in your knee when your foot is on the pedal in the downmost position. There are three pieces of equipment that you will need to stay safe. First, a bicycle helmet. You need to wear a bicycle helmet regardless of your skill level or reasons for riding. It is the single most important piece of safety equipment you can use. It significantly reduces your chance of head injury if you crash. Be safe and be a role model for other bicyclists. Wear a properly fitted helmet each time you ride. A properly fitted helmet should be comfortably snug. It shouldn't shake and it should sit on your forehead about two fingers width between the brim and your brows.  And then make sure that the sliders meet in a V under your earlobes. Chin straps should be snug under your chin with room to breathe, of course. Second, if you are riding at night or in low light conditions, you need lights and reflectors. Every state requires bicyclists to have a white front light and a red light or reflector on the back of their bike. Third, you want to be seen and recognized by motorists at any time of day or night. So wear bright clothing with reflective tape or markings. And now one more thing before you set off.  So get in the habit of doing the ABC quick check before you ride. A is for air. Check that your tires are properly inflated. They should be pumped up to the inflation rating printed on the tire. Many bicycle pumps come with a pressure gauge, so you can make sure they're properly inflated. Low pressure tires can easily puncture. B is for brakes. Check that your brakes are working. Your brake lever shouldn't come closer than a thumb's whip to the handlebar. Your wheel should spin freely when the brakes are off. C is for the cranks, chain, and cassette. Grab both crank arms like this and wiggle them to make sure they aren't loose. Spin the pedals and make sure the chain runs smoothly through the gears. Quick means making sure your wheels are on tight if you have quick release wheels. The wheels should be snug in the dropouts and the quick release lever fastened tight. Finally, check to make sure nothing else is loose on your bike. If there's anything you can't fix, take your bike to your local bike shop and get a professional to help you. Now we're ready to ride. Remember, bicyclists have the same responsibilities and rights as motor vehicle operators, so we follow the same rules of the road. Here are some important rules to remember. Ride in the same direction as traffic. Bicyclists riding the wrong way can cause a crash for two reasons. Turning motorists in particular are not looking for you there and you can't see and follow the traffic signs or signals if you're heading the wrong way. Obey all traffic signs, signals, and road markings. This means stopping at stop signs and red lights and yielding to crossing pedestrians. It also means riding in turn lanes when you turn and straight lanes if you're going straight. Ride defensively. Look before riding out of driveways. Always look for turning vehicles and pedestrians in your path. Look behind you before changing lanes. Know the law. Laws differ in each state or jurisdiction. In some areas, it's illegal to ride your bicycle on the sidewalk. If you must ride on the sidewalk, look for turning or crossing vehicles at driveways and intersections. Every community has different rules and regulations for driving a bicycle. Know those that apply to you, obey them, and set a good example for others. Avoid road hazards. Carefully ride around drain grates, gravel, glass, and debris. Be predictable. Help motorists know exactly what you plan to do. Signal, make eye contact if you can, and ride without swerving. Signaling and checking behind you while riding straight takes practice. So working on these skills in a vacant lot is a smart idea. Stay to the right and pass on the left. This applies to the road and riding on a shared use path or trail. On a path, give an audible signal and always yield to pedestrians and people on horseback. When trails cross roadways, use caution and obey any traffic signs and signals. Bicycling is fun, but it requires all your concentration. It requires using a helmet, lights, and bright colored clothing, and a bicycle in good repair that's properly fit to you. It requires you follow the traffic principles and be prepared to avoid hazards. This done was produced by the League of American Bicyclists, the support of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. I'm Celine Yeager, Ride Safe.


So, you finally got stable diffusion but you don't know how to update it. Not a problem. As you know, the way you activate stable diffusion is by double clicking the batch file, copying the URL and pasting it into your browser. Now what you might not know is the URL is always the same. So if you just bookmark this page every time you want to use the program, you can just double click the batch and go to your bookmark or just leave the tab open and reload it when it's ready. So what about updating? How does that work? Well right now version 1.4 is the latest, but if we look at the official website, it looks like they already have version 1.5. So eventually when Huggingface has access to version 1.5, all you would have to do is go in and download the new 1.5 CKPT file, then go to your AI folder, stable diffusion, web UI, models, stable diffusion, and replace the old 1.4 CKPT file with the new 1.5 CKPT file instead. Right now the GIFTGAN face restoration add-on is at version 1.4, but when they update to 1.5 all you'll need to do is download the new version and replace the old one you have in the main folder here. Then once you have finished replacing all the files, before you run it, go to your stable diffusion web UI folder, at the top right click copy address, open git bash, type in cd, space, right click, paste the address, enter, then type git, space, pull, enter, and it will do the rest of the job for you. All that helps and as always, hope you have a fantastic day and I'll see you around.


Hi, everyone. Happy Saturday. I'm Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com doing a quick little filler break a little side break to get into the main break right here impeccable football We're gonna do the break first and then we'll re-randomize everybody's names with a new dice roll and the top six are gonna be in that impeccable Football break that should be a fun one get into it big. Thanks to all of these folks right here For giving this a shot There are the teams right here. Let's roll it and And randomize both names and teams at six and a three nine times one two three four five six seven eight and Ninth and final time after nine. We've got Robert down to Bryant Round one college basketball day two round one college basketball happening. You see Santa Barbara down a point To Creighton could be a nice little upset here twelve five upset two minutes left in the game We'll be watching college basketball and breaking a bunch of stuff all day long two three six seven eight and Ninth and final time after nine. We got the Vikings down to the Eagles All right. Here's the first half of the list right here And there's the second half of the list right here. No trade windows in these little side breaks Brandon You got the cowboys. This is 2016 All right, let's sort this by column B The ties by team. Let's print this baby out Let's do the break really quick and then let's See who's gonna win those impeccable spots. I think we got to do a Couple more of these one or two more of these maybe two or three more of these No, maybe two more of these and then sell out some spots straight up And I think that sells out that impeccable break. We definitely should be able to do that tonight All right, there's the final print out right here No late night tonight. So get your spots early and often. We usually wrap things up Around nine o'clock Pacific 12 a.m. Eastern. You'll go a little bit later. Things are think Things are happening, but Around there All right, here we go See any key rookies here There's a Zeke Elliott. There you go Jared golf rated rookie See how see how golf does in Detroit This will go to Jonathan With the Rams. He did lose Kenny G though Kenny Galladay. It just signed with New York New York Giants Apparently this morning Well, I'm saying four years 72 million dollars crazy. There's a Zeke Elliott for Brandon and Dallas There you go. There you have it two nice rated rookie cards here. Let's flip back to this list Let's grab everyone's names from Ben down to Tommy Put them into a new list. Let's re-randomize that list The new dice five and a five ten times ten the hard way one two three four five six seven eight nine and 10th and final time after ten It's gonna be the top six After ten so from seven on down my apologies. I Appreciate trying, but we'll get we'll have to get him next time Robert sorry about that so close But There we do have to do a couple more of these so if you want to give this another go Jasper's case breaks.com Congrats to Brandon Tommy Blake Brandon Tommy and Brandon There you go brand with three of the six spots there Tommy with two of the six spots and Blake snuck in there as well You're in that impeccable break coming up. Hopefully later tonight. Jasper's case breaks.com