It's a beautiful picture. I guess we are in Sinkmo. Yes, we are. It's not a nice picture, but at least I will catch the time tag. The first thing I wanted to do is basically get the operation. And more or less, I would show how we would do it normally and how we would do it on a quiet period. Pull out some things and then restore and reopen it as I would probably do during a quiet period. Good picture, and we're reading all. I'm glad. And is this what SEMS was waiting for? It's just what they wanted, Mercio. Yeah, that sounds good. I'm happy. And I will reopen it and being as close to as possible. Go to the other side of the midnight. OK, we got all of that. And go to WCS and operate some of the SEMS. We're catching all this, Mercio. Do it first, a little bit briskly, and then reopen again and then re-close it as close as possible. The disturbance is operating in the food space. It's very quiet, and we'll try to be as quiet as possible here. You can go right now. Copy. Flombie, you can now wrap up SEMS. That was outstanding. We'll just stop the downlink, and we'll be standing by for anything else they want us to do. That was really terrific. We enjoyed the tour also.  You know that. Yes, sir. When it first came out into the air flow, this one over here just kind of blew the probes right off of it with the air flow. I think now when the probe retracted, it hits all the way back and then just kind of floated back out for the rest of the run. I heads up on what happened there and how that looked. See that that flame burns pretty good. A little surprising how long it's burning. Flombie at Houston, we have our first 1,000-hour space shuttle time astronaut, Jeff Hoffman, 30 seconds ago. We went up a little bit early, Dave, so that I could save for the moment. And like I told you before, it sure has been fun getting here. And I look forward to being joined by Franklin at the end of the mission. So thanks for the good words. Roger that, Jeff. We were just talking about your accomplishments. And you've had some great missions. And just done a superb job as a shuttle astronaut. And no one better to be the first 1,000-hour person. We'll have to work on that patch.


I feel like what I'm trying to do if I'm telling y'all y'all can't put me I'm basically trying to make y'all whole motivation rep we all for the rap motivation I'm calling y'all motivation you harder than me show me Yeah, we on boss talk one-on-one one-on-one. Yeah, we gonna. So when you think about just you know Dallas it really got an open lane when it comes down to it. You really don't have a lot of uh You don't really have a lot of you know what I mean just uh People you know that that sticks out. You know what I mean? I think the thing is It's it's a lot of artists that are nice A lot of artists that go hard, but nobody's making hits Nobody's making real songs. Everybody's making retarded as simple as abc hooks are they making Songs where they just rapping all the way through. Nothing is BET awards like besides the boy. What's the boy that's going viral right now for bets and Santa takes to your DM Yeah, he's he's star material. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, I don't know him never I'm not even gonna lie. I never heard of him a day in my life before this song. It went viral But he is star quality And like and that's the type of music you need to be going for if you want to make it pass local And a lot of people have a big head right now, but I don't see them going past local You might get local fine. You might get local buzz. You might be known as the city is You're a good rapper, but go out of the city.  Yeah, let's go. Let's let's do this Do something together.  Like if somebody come tell me Nina.  Okay Let's go to the studio. Like we ain't got I ain't got a beef with you because you think you go hard on me Let's go to the studio Like prove let me prove you wrong But you mentioned pain game a lot you said pain pain game a lot But to me is it has a lot more than just the pain game It has to do with the wrapping the deliverance the everything the whole package So my thing is everybody who knows me my day one friends and everybody around me So I started out writing poetry. I wasn't rapping. Remember you said that before I was 12 I was writing poetry and shit and like these dudes in my city They found me and my cousins and they like we transferred to rapping and it was a point where I was rapping I mean writing for all of us. So like I said, I started writing poetry So when I write it's a deeper process to me I'm like I'm I'm Replaying stories in my head and putting it on paper and you got a thing for so many years I wasn't dropping music.  I studied it because It's it's like rapping is something that I was always more passionate about but I lost my passion because I went from Like when you're when you're a person who transforms for poetry to rap your lyrics are a little deeper But when you're told to dumb your lyrics down, it's like I don't know how to do that Right, so I've heard other people's had that problem before So anybody that work with me can tell you I'm one of the artists like they work with other female artists They got to work on their delivery. They got to work on this work on that I'ma go and I know how my delivery go.   Like I don't just want to do it to get money.  Pog little sister or something in this home I see that's why you're trying to come at me with you try to go hard on me right there with that I know you can rap because you didn't rap didn't hear it with me before But you know at the end of the day South Dallas Kiki got some she got some go get you know I want to hear I want to hear something.  Like it's a bunch of them. I want to get on the same track and see I want more than just you South Dallas Kiki. That's what I told him the other night. I'm trying to get me one together My thing is I'm not a competition of like I could I like do a cipher That's why I something like that or a mic check without I didn't reach out to girls that I see in the city That's upcoming that be on like key talk media and shit And they didn't ask me for features and I'm I'm giving them features for free. Like I'm talking to these girls I'm helping coach them like I'm giving them advice. That's never met them I just see their upcoming so I am a people person But it's like I feel like anybody who's in this rap game looking at the next person's competition I never in my life Said nothing to kiki never did nothing wrong to her for her to even feel some type of way about me But I'm a I don't think she said you talked down on the city And you talk down you talk down on the city is what was said. I know I was here that day.  That's what I do feel like. Um, just to be honest I ain't trying to be funny, but she I just feel like If you came to Dallas to come up.  She's like your music. I didn't have you ever talked down on Dallas, Texas No, you know me. I like in the The post was on my page and I don't even want to re-bring a old shit But so you knew what she was talking about. Yeah, I knew what she was talking about She took it wrong because I never said Dallas Dallas rappers suck. I said Dallas rap scene is so dry right now. They're like like you said the rap scene is open I said the rap scene is so dry right now that they're accepting anybody They can go put say abc on a beat and put a hard video on it They're accepting you as long as your video hard. That's what I said and I was in to it with a specific person Being that specific person I was talking about had an argument all day that day and everybody that follows me knows that So that's why when she said I'm talking down on rappers. I said name one artist In dallas fork work that I talked down on was the artist I was talking about is not even from dallas, texas at all I ain't even from texas at all. So I told her name the artist that you're talking about that I was talking down on I ain't got a name to this day I also told her name the person who said I'm a hater. I'm this I'm that When we got into that argument under them comments Everybody that was comment are people who don't like me people who've been picking with me for three years now So I'm like is your I mean your advice can't I mean whatever you're hearing this from it can't be credible If it's somebody who don't like me already, of course, they're going to tell you the worst things Yeah, because I don't think she did I'm not sure But I don't think she actually went and did research like on your page or anything like that to see what you said I think is Hearing what somebody said that's what she said. I saw her Interacting with people who don't like me under those comments.  Wow, you know the thing is like I said Great talent.  It's it's nothing. It's something that puts eye on the talent When rainwater said something or when we ask a question I like the fact that the the eye is on the talent you guys are talented I want the best out of y'all to be honest with you I really want some good music y'all bring the best music that I've heard in Dallas period I'm gonna be real with you them the two y'all the two consistent ones putting stuff out working And and that's what I like, you know what I'm saying. Let's be real for a minute I really like I said, I seen her and I never let her even come on the show early on because of my kin folks She already know that but the thing is when I when I would see her I cringe at the fact because she was steadily dropping And she was getting momentum and she was going over here and I'm like this And I was calling you of course you been coming to see me for a while now You see what I'm saying? So it's like I was it's like damn, you know like And and it's a thing where I really want to see the best talent. I want to see the city rise You know what I'm saying? You gotta have the right people, you know what I'm saying to make this thing bubble And I think I think you guys are dope. I don't think I'm I don't I don't feel like I'm being a Person or a star because I said Can't know female and that's what worked with me. I feel like what I'm trying to do if I'm telling y'all y'all can't I'm basically trying to make y'all whole motivation Wrap we all from the rap motivation. I'm calling y'all out like motivation.  Just show me Yeah, we on boss talk one on one one on one. Yeah, we gonna talk


I am back. So, we will take questions specific to this particular talk, any other questions related to concepts or lab wait till after the tea break. So, we will spend the next half an hour taking questions specific to this flipped classroom talk. Yeah, please speak. Ma'am my first question is suppose in one hour lecture how much portion we have to locate for multimedia and traditional content and second one is what is the frequency of switching between that. We have always conclude about that how can we switch between those contents in a one hour lecture. Okay, I mean I thought the talk covered some of this, but may be not in too much detail. So, the way I had conducted the course is the multimedia content is totally not during class hours. They are supposed to watch it during whenever they are free. So, typically at IIT Bombay we have what in a traditional setting 3 hours of contact time and they are supposed to work 3 hours outside class hours. So, overall 6 hours per subject is the rough figure. So, out of the 3 hours of contact time what I typically do is I ask them to watch roughly the equivalent of 2 hours of video content. So, I will put may be 4 or 5 videos for them to watch. So, this thing they are supposed to do whenever they want and then what we do is we meet face to face for 1 hour in a week and what we do during the face to face there is no media no multimedia content there is just face to face and what I do this is the tutorial session I was talking about. So, during this time you can use it to do multiple things like you could do some practice problems that is kind of not that interesting, but you could also do this thing pair share the talk is going to happen tomorrow. So, if you go through it you will understand what I am talking about basically what you do is you have covered some concept. Now you are going to try to apply that concept in some other setting. So, you pose the problem and ask the students to work in groups to come up with solution. So, there is lot of discussion that happens and again depends on you could also demonstrate some interesting lab concept as part of the tutorial. So, tutorial design is again a big task that is something you have to pay lot of attention to. So, they learn something offline without the face to face and when they come face to face you need to design the curriculum during the face to face such that they are motivated and want to do interesting things. So, it should be something that makes them think or something that makes them solve some problem or something that shows them a demo of something.  Ma'am there is one more question as you were talking in your talk that there the teachers from the remote areas of the country from the engineering colleges of the remote areas of the country can collaborate with IIT, B or IIT other IITs. So, is there any platform available where teachers from engineering colleges like us can actually collaborate to develop such type of videos and study material and something like that. So, that we can also implement that flip classroom structure very effectively in our institute also. Yeah. So, there isn't any. So, there is effort towards creating such I wouldn't say see both if we the platform that is used for running the courses in a flip classroom setting and there is an effort by I think professor Patak was also mentioning Indian government is also very much interested in developing an India specific MOOCs platform which is like Bodhi Tree or edX or Coursera or whatever it is. So, we wanted India specific and there will be a lot of ecosystem around it like once you have such a platform you want to use that platform to populate it with content populate it with questions populate with labs. So, there is lot of stuff you have to add on to this particular platform. So, there is definitely what is it called push towards creating an India specific MOOCs platform will maybe in another year from now maybe things will be more such a platform will come into being and things will become more clear. Now, regarding the course content as well as quizzes and other things. So, people teachers like you and me across India can potentially contribute within that. So, for that also once the platform is there to host one has to work out what is the method to. So, we could conduct again some training workshops that tell how to. So, in order to create these kind of videos we use certain tools like I was using the tool called Camtasia. It is a paid proprietary thing, but we use it and so how to create that kind of content. So, some kind of workshops for it and again as I said quality also is quite important we do not want there will be lot of content developers. So, one has to pay attention to. So, maybe some peer review kind of a system should also be in place that tells this content is pretty good whereas, this content could use refinement. So, that kind of ecosystem currently is not there, but we are trying we are interested in it and we are going to work towards it. So, MOOCs as I said is a very recent phenomena especially in the Indian context. There are many players many universities IITs as well as others who are interested in this space. Right now each one is working a bit independently of each other. So, hopefully they will all converge some point and take it forward. So, that the clarity will only emerge after a few years it is too early to kind of have clarity at this stage. Hello good morning ma'am. Good morning. This is Shri Priya from Chennai. We were hearing to your flip classroom discussion. We do agree with all the things we you discussed, but I am actually a person from EC background. How to use all these facilities or how to use all these things effectively for derivative paper? Could you please give some suggestions? What do you mean by derivative paper? You are saying theoretical. Yeah, no more of equation oriented papers. You are talking about running a course that has lot of equations in it. Is that what you are asking? Yes ma'am. So, that would mean someone has to create content based on. So, I understand that whatever this course content material that is there has been designed for computer science students because we come from a systems perspective. But the same course if it were thought in the electrical department or electronics and communication there is a theory factor. So, they spend lot of time and evaluating for example, the MAC protocols through some probability analysis or Markov chain kind of analysis. So, the question is if you want to use this platform for that kind of flip classroom thing someone has to create a content specific to the electrical electronics. So, that is what I was mentioning is it can be computer networks course right now there are let us say 60 concepts. You could add on another 20 concepts that are theoretical in nature and if you are running it you just can pull whatever concept you want create the syllabus and use it. But the content has to be created and that content is best created by someone who is more comfortable with that kind of thing. So, going forward yeah someone will create again I had I think I did not explicitly mention it, but if I will put up a Google sheet anyone who is interested in adding more content to this computer networks multimedia textbook like saying I want this concept to be covered as part of the textbook. I will go through it if I find it something that I can do I will add that particular concept also that way will create a superset. Thank you ma'am. Hello. Yes, good morning. I can hear you. Good morning. I am asking you regarding this auto-graders in the lab session you are talking about the auto-graders. Yes. Supposing a question is given to the students they answer it and we need to grade it the grade the answer as per this. You are talking about auto-grader. So, let me tell a little bit more about auto-grader then maybe it will be some clarity. So, currently the platform has some questions already asked these are in the form of multiple choice or fill in the blank where if it were a fill in the blank I specify in what format you had to fill in the blank. So, these are concept based questions. So, that is the platform already handles the platform naturally in fact not just this platform any platform will find it very difficult to handle descriptive type of questions like if you give a design problem and ask them to design some protocol I have to grade it manually because there is no tool that will automatically do it. But when I say auto-grader in that context that is more specific to the lab component. So, for example, if it is a data structures lab there is lot of coding that you do that is coding of lab exercises like programs it need not be see it could be Python it could be Java it could be any programming language. So, that has also been finished completion. So, we have in fact integrated it as part of Bodhi-free and it will undergo trial runs in the next semester here at IITB across two courses one is a postgraduate level software systems lab and another is a computer architecture lab. So, we will see how it goes and then we will open it up for others. So, it is basically going to grade programming type of assignments. So, yeah, that's auto grader. Thank you ma'am. One more question regarding the lecture time you said video lecturing time it said nine minutes quite ideal you said 20 minutes it can go. Sometimes we listen to the lectures hours together. Sure, sure. So, I request you to view the most ideal time as for your research. So, this in fact has been studied extensively I think in many of these edX course era platforms where they kind of capture the students how much do they watch when do they stop the video and go away and what they have found ideally is the lecture the video has time has to be under 10 minutes anything about 10 minutes I think results in a very steep fall in the students watching the video. But there is a what is it called a clause there in that those students see here at IT Bombay if I am putting up a video and I am saying you watch the video and I am going to give a quiz based on it that will count towards your grade then they have a lot more incentive to watch the video because if they do not watch it they will do badly and thereby get a bad grade as part of the degree. Whereas in these platforms like course era or edX I mean you enroll but it is not that your life is dependent on the grade that you are going to get there. So, you can tend to take it easy that clause is there but still from whatever feedback I have gotten from my own students beyond 20 minutes they say their interest levels their focus goes away ideally I would say video should be about 10 minutes at most but as an instructor I find it difficult because you just get started you tell something and then if you have to stop at 10 minutes it's an abrupt break it's not a clean break but to the extent I mean I didn't pay much attention to it during the multimedia content that I have created but I will try to break them up into smaller portions going forward. Thank you thank you ma'am. Good morning ma'am. Regarding scoreboard man I have a clarification which student will answer suppose anyone student attend the questions and get the answer correct answer he can pass to the next student and the next student also score good marks. Likewise how we can evaluate the student performance. Okay so in my course when I had run this scoreboard marks had no contribution towards their grade zero contribution so I have not used I know the students will copy if it is very important to them otherwise if it is just even there there may be copy cases so it's not that they may not copy there but the incentive for it is less because it's not going to count towards their grade the but scoreboard really worked in the sense that it generated a healthy competition among the students there were always a bunch of students who wanted to see themselves at the top of the scoreboard because I also used to encourage them and what I used to do is almost every two weeks whoever is in the top I used to give them a treat like announce their names give some gift kind of a some chocolate whatever it is so they used to feel a little bit motivated and generally seeing their names in the top it kind of motivates them but more than that also I think lot of them so when I normally put up assignments earlier also in a traditional classroom setting I used to put up assignments but very few people used to solve the assignments they'll come directly for the mid sem or final with minimum practice but with this Bodhi tree platform something that I have seen is majority of the students had actually solved the problem so because the fact that it is all in one place and they get immediate feedback as soon as they solve a problem they get to know whether their answer is correct or wrong so before again in traditional setting you pose the questions after one week you pose the solutions so that in lack of immediate feedback they forget what they have done they have to refresh again so it doesn't really help them that much so the fact that you are getting immediate feedback that tells you whether you are right wrong that is also something that they have appreciated so again before the exams they revisit all these problems go through them quickly so it kind of help them in that context as well so the role of score board is not I'm not going to use it for grading it is just to encourage them to work such that it enables a healthy competition among the students. I was noting down some of my earlier speakers views on teaching and learning software so I noted down certain things now in our remote center which is basically a degree engineering college offering BTEC and BTEC courses in different disciplines we practice several things like this semester itself I'm going to introduce Vashak and NS2 on cloud because you know as people face lots of difficulties in installation of the softwares especially NS2 so I'm going to make them available on the cloud via rich internet application first and second thing this for basic network concept we need to certain comments which we either go for Windows common prompt or Linux terminals so for for example if students does a student doesn't have a computer ready in front of him or her he or she can use his or her smartphone to access the terminal via terminal via a cloud which provides the service of these terminals and third is coming to Camtasia studio I once used the software for making some of my slides which are hosted on YouTube channels so now I didn't find it quite handy because it takes too much of the memory so the computer on which I'm working it makes it is made so sluggish that sometimes I cannot proceed with recording as well as working with the software like Android SDK so it becomes very difficult so for these things we are going to introduce a cloud recording system which will you know compress the multimedia information in a preparatory format and later on convert it to the format desired on a later time and fourth regarding the attendance system of students in classroom which allows us one hour of class it takes a lot a longer time to take the attendance so it at least takes 10 minutes to roll call of a student to a comparison of hundred students so we practice a thing where each of the students are asked to wear a certain you know an ID card which is comprised of a keyword code and and a lab or the classroom is continuously under video surveillance and the video frames extracted to decode codes and mark the student present so what do you think where are we going in the correct detection okay I mean the definitely whatever you have mentioned the first three points about providing an environment for people to log in using their smart phones and so on I mean that something there is definitely a need for it we are also kind of working towards that direction so I definitely feel it's good regarding your final point about attendance I mean something that we do here at IIT Bombay I mean it's not something at the administration does is most of the classrooms are pitted with a bio metric attendance thing so before the student enters he has to take his fingerprint before he comes in so that turns out to be a I think probably an easier solution than video surveillance with what is it called expecting them to wear something but again with the use of smart phone something that you could potentially do if we are talking about a smart classroom which has Wi-Fi and everyone has a smart phone you can definitely do some authentication again within limits because the people could pass on their smart phone to someone else and do something but yeah some attendance system there could also be worked out yeah we once had a plan to use biometrics but you know in self-financed colleges it's very difficult to get biometric devices always ready and places where power cut is often a bigger problem this biometric devices might not run properly and meant and so is the maintenance in remote remote places from the metros it's very difficult to get these devices always up so keeping that in mind we introduce this viewer code system but the video surveillance also will cause power coming if there's a power cut how will your video surveillance work it's done by only a laptop the teacher's laptop which runs on the battery by the webcam so it is very much accurate and it has been proven to give you a hundred percent accuracy not less okay and last of all I had a question so one of my former speaker even about the data structures and how students motivation can be you know induced for the subject so rightly you said that for the first 10 minutes students motivate themselves to the learning and the focus try to receive as so as the time passes so here I have one strategy to get them induced by introducing real-life problems which directly a interfere with data structure for example as we talk about Android we have must have heard of the swipe keyboard of Android where we scribble of thing editing of a document or to type a text message or whatever so is basically an application of data structure so what I have asked my students in PG level as well as in BTEC level obviously in form of a project as of now to make an application on on windows windows itself not for the smartphone right now to make a software where there'll be several you know virtual keyword where dragging them point a device it may be mouse for testing devices it can be simply a finger touch to stable to different letters and it will the form of the curve and it will you know not only make a permutation of the words that we have in a dictionary but also it will have provision to add some learning feature to the software because once I make some new word which the dictionary doesn't recognize it can be added to the dictionary and again coming to the learning we can prioritize of which of the words are relevant to the current document and that with the official intelligence so clubbing things together I think at this way we can induce students to get to more and more motivated to topics like data structure where we where we lock students you know interest what do you think madam yeah sure I mean definitely interspersing activities with videos is a good way forward my question is that actually we are on a track of OB guidelines outcome-based education so that is based on I think glooms taxonomy right so can you give some techniques or can you discuss some methods which can be applied to average or for students yeah I mean so lot of this flipped classroom is also working towards improving the learning of the students and Shreeder who is going to give the talk the next two days he is going to share with you some of these active learning concepts that also are supposed to work towards students improving students understanding of the particular concepts so I mean I would say just wait till both of his talks you will get to know some of the techniques that can be employed in a classroom setting to improve the learning of students often we ask subjective assessment in exam and do the subjective assessment how it can be incorporated in flip-based classroom yeah so one thing I want to make clear is flip place classroom is more for what is it called instead of you going to a classroom and teaching something there is it's more from the learning perspective it's not quite from the evaluation perspective evaluation of a student be it so typically if you want to test whether the student has learned something you do need to ask this kind of subjective descriptive type of questions you cannot go with multiple choice or fill in the blanks so that for that you do have to set up your own exams and grade them in a typical classroom setting where the students come sit in rows separated by one seat you pass the question paper and they answer it you collect it and you grade it so all that is kind of orthogonal to the flip classroom thing that's it the flip classroom can help to the extent possible in practice problems like the kind of practice problems you have already seen on Bodhi tree which are multiple choice or in fact I also provided descriptive questions except that they are not graded you are given the descriptive question it is on if you really want to learn the subject you should practice yourself and then once you are sure that this is my solution then click on the solution to compare your solution with the solution. So, flip classroom does facilitate practice problems whatever you want the subjective descriptive multiple choice fill in the blanks everything but when it comes to evaluation it's orthogonal you have to do your own evaluation typically in this particular setup. Thank you ma'am. Ma'am flip classroom is innovative idea it's really helpful for urban area student but what about the rural area student who has low internet connection. So, we are again working towards the an offline mode of flip classroom. So, this Bodhi tree platform itself you could potentially if you install something on your machine you could do most of the stuff remotely but whenever you have internet access or even if it's for a low internet access it will sink between your thing with the server and kind of get your score or other aspects. So, there is an offline version of it which we are currently I mean it's we have we have just now started work it will take some time. One more question we have many tools for creating online video lectures or online lectures but most of the time computer science people so computer faculties are aware about the all the tools but what about the like other department they are not aware about these tools and they are not comfortable about these tools. So, I think there should be a workshop on Kemptasia or like e-learning tools or like iSpring these tools are available for the video lectures. See the tool I mean I have used Kemptasia it's I won't think that you need to have a computer science background to be able to use this tool. It does involve some learning if you're totally technology averse then naturally it will not work but then you may not even consider flip classroom in that context but with some basic training it's not a very difficult tool to use. You don't really need to be a computer science background to be able to use the tool. Thank you thank you very much. In class if you relate the theoretical concept with day to day practical examples can it provide a effective teaching? Precisely I mean any teaching I think especially of subjects that are technology oriented like computer networks or databases or whatever it is where there is lot of technology related to it you should have a hands-on component. So mostly these go hand-in-hand with a laboratory session where whatever concept you learn you actually use it for learning through hands-on some implementation the concept that you have learned in theory. So anything that has a technology component of it should be designed such that for best learning it should go hand-in-hand. Thank you ma'am. Technology you're talking about is much better good motivation and encouragement but I have tried this practically with a small email test the students as the analysis shown by you about IIT is not only 9% 12% 42% masses engineering students of a lot of university many engineering colleges and personally I have tried it tried a small email test but I didn't get much response from the student. So what I think is there's no environment around us it might be way well when you're talking about IIT's environment but what about the masses engineering colleges. See I mean I totally understand as well as agree with you that the kind of environment in many of the engineering colleges is not very conducive to learning in other words the way they are tested the question papers themselves if it's a wrote kind of a thing where you just say what describe the seven layers of the OSI protocol stack I mean you're not learning anything it's just you memorize it and you reproduce it into the paper. So there are many things that have to change in order to cultivate an environment of learning in the engineering colleges starting from changing the way the questions are asked the syllabus itself probably needs revision adoption of some of these things and finally from a students perspective it all boils down to a job. So they want to do the bare minimum possible to get good grades or whatever it is such that they can land a job. So I mean and it's not something you should say you should do for learning sake I mean their priorities are different and I think you should respect that as well. So given that I think what we need is a shift a big shift in training students for the kind of job oriented skill set where they learn concepts with a hands-on component so that also motivates no matter how disinterested a student is you throw him a challenge in the form of okay you know this is this and if you try it out hands-on they do get motivated we do see that even at IIT then many students who are not that motivated but in the labs they like it because they're actually getting to see so when you use email if you show them a demo of what's happening behind email most people do get excited about it. So you just need to build that environment I mean it is not easy it will take lot of effort in multiple dimensions people are working towards it the hope is that in a few years from now hopefully things will change. Thank you. Good morning ma'am I'm Mithika Sharma I would like to ask a question many times I come across students who are forced to do engineering rather than by their own choice so how should we motivate and encourage them to study? Well I think we face it a lot I mean we majority of the students at IITB I feel also fall into that category it is tough as I said as a teacher for someone who is not at all interested in technology or engineering and he wants to do some other area or when the come in itself they want to do an MBA there isn't really much how much ever you bend backwards to motivate so definitely throwing a challenge at them keeps them interesting but they may be interested they may learn something but their final goal let's say is to do an MBA or to do something else there is only little that you could do. So I kind of just focus on fine if they're not interested there's not much I can do but at least let me focus my energy and efforts on those that are interested and at the same time keep the content exciting and challenging with the hope that those that are not interested will also pay some attention and pick something in the process but from the point that you have said it needs what is it called societal change to bring about it the parents everyone have to nurture the child such that he can he or she can pursue what is it that they're interested in rather than this heard mentality of go for medicine or engineering so unless that changes there isn't that much we can do as instructors other than keep the material exciting. Yeah so I think with this we will stop this session we'll break 40 and once we come back I will give you an overview of the upcoming lab as well as we'll take some more concept based question and answers thank you.


What's going on everyone? Sam here with Leighton Sports Cards. We are ripping 22 Panini Mosaic football hobby three box break number 17. Pick your team style going to read off a list of our names and teams. Andrew A Vikings, Ben F. Rams, Brandon W. Chiefs Dolphins and Buccaneers, Brandon D with the Brandon D with the football team, Kaden R. Colts, Chris N. Chargers, Christopher G. Eagles, Greg B. Browns, Gregory M. Panthers, Jake W. Packers, Jason A. with the Bills, Jeff G. Titans, Jeff N. Falcons Jets, Manny V. Giants, Martin W. Cardinals, Michael P. Niners, Nathan Y. with the Bears, Nick S. Texans, Patty H. Patriots, Paul N. Cowboys, Paul B. Saints, Ray G. Steelers, Russell P. Seahawks, Russell B. with the Raiders, Todd C. Bangles, Valerie P. Ravens Broncos, Vaughn B. Jags in X Woo with the Lions. Good luck here, everybody. Let's see what we're going to get out of this. Yeah, I know, we were talking about that earlier today, actually. Yes, there's Calvin Austin, Steelers, Silver Charles Woodson, Silver Joe Burrow. All right, we got XR up after this guy's got three cases worth of random team style. Pull some fire out of there, maybe. Famous James, Davis Mills, Silver, Meta Mastery, Justin Herbert. Caleb is also live over on Layton Gaming. You guys are interested in some gaming group breaks and personals. So, Pokemon, a lot of Star Wars going on over there right now. It's pretty cool. Jonathan Greenert, Red Hawkinson, Purple Zach Wilson Montage, 49 of 49 for the Jets. There's Tyrion Davis Price that's going to the Niners. Nice one there, TDP. See if you can get his buddy now, Purdy. Herbert Red, Matt Corral, Jones, Kenny Pickett, Mosaic Rookie. Nice one there for the Steelers. Red Aiden Hutchinson. Impact, wow. Meta Mastery, Aaron Rodgers, Silver. Blue, Herschel Walker to 99 for the Cowboys. Silver George Pickens' debut. Meta Mastery, Ray Loose. And it's a win at Aaron at Donald's.  Look at this. Look at the score of this game, Sean. In the second, halfway through the second quarter, it's 27-20. Joe Montana, Silver and Mitch Trebisky. Devontae Adams. Throw the Herschel away. Resolve. There's Trusted Evner for the Bears. Rookie Otto. There you go, Ben. I think that's Ben F with the Bears. There you go, Ben. One step closer to the Isaac Brooks. Boye Moffay Silver. Overdrive Clinton Portis. Overdrive Driver. Donald Overdriver. Extra Base Cards in this one. Traylon Birx. Is that three autos? Yeah, we got an extra auto. Nice. Purple to 49. That is going to the Titan. Blue Jay Jedis to 99. Pelicans have already scored more than both these teams. Two minutes left in the first.  Pure trash, man. Super trash. Garbage team, dude. Holy suit, man. Chiefs are cracked. Travis Kelsey. Blue Kenneth Walker on the rookie to 99 for the Seahawks. Nice one there. Corral and Jamalus. Tessellation of Lamar. Very nice. Congrats, Ravens. 3 of 15. We did, yeah. Nice Lamar. No, we pulled a white Lamar. White Lamar points. Yeah. There you go. Congrats on that, man. Jonathan Taylor. Pull the Josh Allen tessellation. Who's my favorite rookie in this class? I mean, I'm a Ravens fan, so I love Kyle Hamilton. That was kind of wild. Two people just asked the same exact question at the same time. That's kind of eerie. Yeah, Chase and Cameron. Hey, Kevins. Silva Roquan Smith. Nick Chubb. Marcos Stevenson, Trayvon Walker. I don't think Pickens is that good, personally. He had two catches for 29 yards against the Ravens. That's not really that good. Crystal Otacon. Rookie Otto for the Steelers. Nice one there. Lamar. Red Derrick Henry. I like Olave. I like most of the receivers. I think Pickens is okay. I don't think he's the best though. Oh, my bad, Ben. Wrong one. Yeah, no, no. I thought you had the bears for some reason, my bad. Michael Thomas. Cam Taylor Britt. I do not know when it comes out. I think, yeah, I think Sauce is a lock for Defensive Rookie of the Year, but I don't know. Offensive, it's going to be, who knows, dude? Jonathan Allen. Silver Mac Jones. Ricky Williams overdrive.  Mahomes, I'm gonna say. Mahomes. Silver, nice. Garrett Wilson, Bluechips. We're talking about Rookie of the Year, Cameron. Yeah, Parsons will probably win Defensive Player of the Year. Kyrie Kill. Red Tony Bacelli. Aaron Donald. Yeah, for Player of the Year, it's probably gonna be Parsons. But yeah, Parsons is not a rookie, so Rookie of the Year. Matt Stafford. On-Card Super Bowl Auto. That's going to Ben F with the ribs. Congrats, man. That's awesome, dude. That's so sick. There you go, Ben. Actually going to Ben. Jake Ferguson. Wondale Robinson Silver. Didn't know they had those in Mosaic. That's the first one I pulled of that. Yeah, K-9's got a shot at Rookie of the Year. I think someone said Watson, Wilson, Olave, and what's his name? Walker. Brian Robinson, Rookie. Gabe Davis. And Terrell Davis ended to win it to 49. There he is. There you go, Ben. Congrats, man. It hurts as a good shot at MVP. Yeah, this is break 17, Chris. Jesse Bates. Lermy Tunsel, 249 for the Texans. Purple. CMC, Devontae Adams. I think it's a 400-a-box, or no, 350-a-box, I believe. 350 or 320, something like that. I don't know off the top of my head. We have them on the website for personals, though. LaytonSportsCards.com, link in the bio. Thanks, Bosa. Yeah, man, Bosa could take it. Bosa could definitely take it. Bosa came on really strong in the second half of the season, too. Points are going to be random to all at the end. Andrew Booth. We have a website that we use, LaytonSportsCards.com. We are not on whatnot. We will be on drip in a couple weeks. We will be on drip, the app. Check us out over there. Davis Mills. Lamb Jack. And Kieshawn Johnson. Blake Willis-Rookie. DuVernay Mosaic. Purple, Aiden Hutchinson, to 49. Nice. For the Lions. Grats on that one, Lions. Silver, Eddie George. Dak Prescott. Blue, Kaderis Tony, to 99 for the Giants. Silver, Aaron Jones. Kailin Tolbert. Silver, Daxon Hill. Oh, nice. That's awesome. Sam Howe. I'll have to tune in to your stream at some point then. Everybody had so much hope. I love Tony, too, because he uses a Florida. There's Cameron Thomas for the Cardinals, rookie autograph. Arnold Obakita. Minjo Green. Patrick Mahomes Mosaic. Red, Dax Hill. Mark Brunel Center Stage. Last pack. Good luck, everybody. Dak Prescott Mosaic. Silver, Donovan McNabb. Straight Fire. Russell Wilson. Let me do this random really quick. TikTok won't be able to see this. Got 600 points. It's going to be random to everybody. Let me get this set up really quick. All right, guys. Going to do a random for the points. Kind of roll the dice over teams on top after seven times. We'll get the points. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven. Going to the Packers. Packers are getting the points. Let's do a quick recap. Got Cam Thomas for the Cardinals. Matt Stafford going to the Rams. Crystal Otacon Steelers. Traylon Burks. Titans. Treston Ebner Bears. Enter your in Davis Price Niners. I'll do it for the break, guys. Thanks again for the fill. Next up we got XR.


fruit, fruit, fruit, different, different, different, fruit, fruit, healthy, healthy, fruit, fruit, different, different, different, apple, apple, apple, red, red, red, apple, Appledy, apple. Crunch, crunch, crunch. Apple. Apple. Red, red, red. Banana. Banana. Yellow, yellow, yellow. Banana. Peel, peel, peel. Banana. Banana. Yellow, yellow, yellow. grapes, grapes, round, round, round, grapes, grapes, purple, purple, purple, cherry, cherry, cherry, red, red, red, cherry, cherry, yum, yum, yum, cherry, cherry, red, red, red, strawberry, strawberry, strawberry, red, red, red, strawberry, strawberry, sweet, sweet, sweet, strawberry, strawberry, red, red, red, pineapple, pineapple, pineapple, yellow, Yellow, yellow, yellow. Pineapple, pineapple. Base, head, spike. Pineapple, pineapple. Yellow, yellow, yellow. Lemon, lemon, lemon. Yellow, yellow, yellow. Lemon, lemon. Sour, sour, sour. Lemon, lemon. Yellow, yellow, yellow. Blueberries, berries. Blue, blue, blue. Blue, berries. Yum, yum, yum. Blue, berries. Blue, blue, blue. Watermelon, watermelon. Red, green, black. Water, melon. Munch, munch, spit. Water, melon. Red, green, black. Orange, orange, orange. Peel, peel, peel. Orange, orange. Open, chomp, chomp. Orange, orange. Peel, peel, peel. Coconut, coconut. Coconut, brown, brown, brown. Coconut, coconut. Bomp, bomp, split. Coconut, coconut. Brown, brown, brown. Fruit, different, different, different. Fruit, fruit. Healthy, healthy, healthy. healthy. Fruit. Fruit. Different, different, different.


There are a surprising number of historical anomalies, which scrutinizes the current often outdated explanations as to the possible origins of human civilization. Anomalies which suddenly bring the age of countless inexplicable ancient ruins found all over the globe into question. There exist inner circles of historical specialists who have quietly been battling it out over the authenticity of groundbreaking finds made over the ages, a smoldering cauldron of unavoidable controversies with frequent yet often failed attempts at discreditation. Ancient discoveries argued over behind closed doors, often within prestigious institutions, each and all with vested interests on the retention of already established paradigms, illusionary or not. The Glozal Affair being of no exception, possibly one of the most explosive discoveries which could be unleashed on the historical academic community. A controversial congregation of artifacts of vastly varying dates would be an understatement. Rows of ancient technologically advanced uparts created by groups originating from all corners of the world, some dating back to the Neolithic with an array of other periods present, all laid undisturbed for untold millennia, a seemingly modern age historical impossibility. A number of independent investigators continue to entertain the idea that academically funded historians accidentally stumbled upon and subsequently partially exposed to the world, a perfectly preserved pre-Atlantis antediluvian museum. Some so controversial, if the battles over carbon dating be won, by those who support, said theory, it would turn our chronological understandings of man upside down. Arguments over the authenticity of the discovery raged on for many decades until the outbreak of the World War in 1939. Multiple lawsuits were launched, five international battles were undertaken, all to either prove or disprove the site's authenticity. Yet it wasn't until 1974 when a Glenn Daniel, professor of archaeology at Cambridge University, took another more significant look at the Glozell Affair's artifacts, although with the clear intention of proving through carbon and other forensic testing that the true ages would ultimately reveal a fakery. Unfortunately, the complete opposite occurred. What was doubly bad for Daniel regarding these peer-reviewed results was that the finds, one luckily buried by the war, had now been plucked from the archives and back into the forefront in the academic field of discussion, yet now with no way of receiving dismissal. In 2019, another examination and scrutinization of the original tests was undertaken, and they held up. So at a public symposium on archaeometry at Oxford University, details of further work undertaken by McCarroll of Edinburgh and Maydolle, Denmark, claimed to show that the age of the ceramics alone is unquestionably great and authentic. This is a site which is undoubtedly incredibly important, and one we will definitely be exploring again in the near future. We find the Glozell Affair highly compelling.


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Unisor Education. Let's talk about spheres, primarily about surface area and the volume of the sphere. This lecture is part of the course for high school students in advanced mathematics. It's presented on Unisor.com. And not only the video you can get if you go to this particular site, but also notes for each lecture. And sometimes you have tests, exams, etc. So I recommend you to watch this lecture from that site and use it as much as you can. Okay, spheres, area and volume of the sphere. All right. Well, first of all, we probably have to just spend a couple of seconds to talk about what is a sphere. It has been defined in one of the previous lectures where I introduced all the solid geometry objects. So it's basically all points in the space, in three-dimensional space, which are equidistant from a center at fixed point. So now we have to talk about volume and surface area of the sphere. Well, first of all, sphere is defined by one and only one parameter, which is radius. So volume and surface area will be defined in terms of radius. So we need some formulas, basically. So that's what I'm going to do. I'll grab a couple of formulas for volume and the surface area of the sphere. And I will start with volume. When I will explain whatever I want to talk about as far as the surface area is concerned, you will understand why I decided to have the volume first. All right. Now, it would be easier for me to evaluate the volume of half a sphere. Let's say this one. So we have certain plane which goes through the center of the sphere. It divides it basically in half. And I will evaluate the volume of this upper half. And then I'll multiply it by two like this. Now, to do that, I have to, unfortunately, resort to certain intuitive understanding of certain things. I mean, there is some limit theory involved in this. And I would probably not like to do it in all rigorousness. However, whatever I will talk about will be relatively well understood intuitively. And that's pretty sufficient for this particular lecture. Now, how can I evaluate the volume of this half a sphere? Well, I will have a stack of very short cylinders which fill up this particular thing. So the way how I do it is the following. I will divide this perpendicular from the center perpendicular to this plane into n equal parts. And basically, I will draw parallel lines here, like here. They will divide the area into slices. Alright, and then I will build a cylinder from each upper part down. So it will be like this, something like this. So it's cylinders which are sitting on the top of each other. They have the height equals to, obviously, r divided by n, right? And as you understand, I will then increase n to infinity and the sum of the volumes of these cylinders is supposed to go to the volume of the sphere, half a sphere in this case, because the cylinders will be narrower and narrower, and that's why it will be more and more tightly filling my half a sphere. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to evaluate first k's, number k, cylinder here, and then I will summarize it by k from 1 to n. And then I will increase n to infinity and take the limit. So that's the plan, alright? Alright, so the case cylinder. Let's call this point a 1, a 2, a 3, etc. So a k's is somewhere here. Well, first of all, why am I saying that these are cylinders? Well, it's actually very easy. If you draw a plane parallel to the base of this half a sphere, you obviously will get in a section a circle. Now, y, well, that's kind of simple. So if this is my circle, main circle, well, this is invisible, and I have a perpendicular and draw another plane parallel to my base plane here. Now, why is this a circle? Well, if you take any two points, let's say this point and this point, or any other point actually. Now, these distances are supposed to be the same because if you consider o, a, b, c, d, if you consider triangle o, a, b, for instance, or o, a, c, or o, a, d, all these triangles are right triangles because this plane is parallel to this one and this is the perpendicular to both of them, right? Now, also o, b and o, c and o, d, since b, c and d are on this sphere, they're all radiuses of the same sphere. So they're all equal to each other. So o, a, it's a catheters which they all share. That's why a, b and a, c and a, g are all equal to each other, so this is a circle. So when I draw these planes parallel to the base plane, in this section I always have circles. And whenever, if I have two circles parallel to each other, and then another, oops, we take another. If I have two circles parallel to each other and I draw basically perpendicular lines through each of them, I obviously have a cylinder because this is a cylindrical surface with this as a director's, right? And you have two parallel planes which are bounding this particular cylindrical surface. All right, so these are cylinders. We know their height, which is radius divided by n. And what is the radius of a circle? The radius of a circle which is somewhere, this is a point, a k, for instance, a k. So what's the radius of this cylinder which is formed by the plane on the k's place? Well, that's very easy, actually. Because the distance from o to ak, oak, is equal to what? The whole thing is r, and this is k out of r. So it's k divided by n radius, right? Now, the radius of the circle is the distance to this point. So you can always consider the right triangles. Now, the right triangle would have this as a quadratus, this is the quadratus, and this is hypotenuse which is equal to r, the radius, right? Because this point is on the surface of a circle. So we have that lower case r square of this particular circle formed by the plane going through ak is equal to r square minus this k divided by nr square. So that's the radius square of the k's cylinder. And this is the height. All cylinders have the same height. So what is my volume of this particular cylinder? Volume vk's of the k's cylinder is equal to the area of the base. Now the base is a circle of this radius. So it's pi r square times height equals 2. Now we can substitute for r square, we can substitute this. And we can have pi r square minus k square n square r square times r divided by n. So this is my volume of the k's cylinder. Well, let me just do something. Pi r to the third divided by n, that's this one, minus pi r to the third k square n cube. Second and then cube, right? I just opened the parenthesis. Now what I have to do now is I have to summarize it. That's the volume of half a sphere. Now if I summarize it by k, now this doesn't depend on k. So if I summarize this, it would be n times whatever p r cube divided by n, which is pi r cube. Now this would be minus pi r cube n cube sigma k square of 1 to n. So this is something which I, the only thing which I have to know. Now actually I did already summarization of all integer numbers from 1 to n and I have a formula ready for this. In the topic of volumes, volume of the pyramids, I actually in quite some details explain how this can be summarized. Now for those who know the formula, obviously the easiest way is to prove it by induction. Well in any case since number one I know the formula number two is also derived in a relatively logical way in another chapter. I'll just use the formula I wrote for myself here. So the formula would be pi r cube minus pi r cube divided by n cube. And here I will put the formula which I wrote here. It's n times n plus 1 times 2 n plus 1 divided by 6. That's what it is. Now okay so this is the formula for some of our volumes of the cylinders. Now if n increases to infinity, if number of these cylinders increases to infinity and they are tighter and tighter inscribed into half a sphere, we intuitively feel that the volume, this sum is supposed to tend to a limit which is the volume of the half a sphere. Now what is the limit of this? Well think about it this way. Basically I would like to consider this part which is only one which depends on n when n goes to infinity. If I will multiply these, what will I get? I will get 2 n cube plus something related to n square plus something related to n and plus something free member. This will be a polynomial of the third degree, right? 1, 2, 3 n's. And the coefficient at n cube will be 2. Now here is also n cube and there is a 6 here. So if I will divide this into this, what will be? Well first of all I will have 1 third, right? Plus. Now this is n square and this is n cube which means it will be something divided by n and then something else divided by n square and something else divided by n cube. But these are as n goes to infinity they all go to zero. And 1 third is the only thing which is left, right? 2, 6, 1, 3. So this piece will go to 1 third as n goes to infinity. And what I have left is I have pi r cube minus 1 third of pi r cube which is 2 pi r cube divided by n divided by 3 and this is half a sphere and now I have to multiply it by 2 to get the sphere which is 4 pi r cube divided by 3. This is the formula for the volume of the sphere, the entire sphere. Well that's it, formula is ready. The volume is this and we can use it wherever we need it. Now why did I start with volume and not with a surface area? Here is why. Now I will use the formula for volume to derive the formula for surface area because if I will start from the surface area and let's say I will use exactly the same technique. I will inscribe these cylinders and I will try to evaluate their side surface. Well that's not an easy thing because if you remember the radius, radius squared actually was equal to r squared minus k over nr squared, right? That's the radius of the k's cylinder, or k we can use, right? Now so if I have a cylinder, this is the radius, now my surface is equal to what? The circumference of the circle times height, right? If I will cut my cylinder and roll it out on a flat plate, I will have a rectangle, right? If I will cut it here. I will have a rectangle and lower side would be equal to a circumference which is 2 pi rk. Doesn't look like k, this is k. And the height would be equal to r divided by n, right? Because this cylinder is 1 nth in height than the radius of the sphere. Now but this thing it contains this square root of this expression which doesn't look right. And to deal with this square root would be kind of difficult I would say, right? So you have to summarize certain things for different cylinders, for different k. So it's not easy. I mean just purely technically I have decided that I don't want it to go this way. Whatever I suggest right now would be much easier if you already have the volume. And by the way, in case of a volume I need the square of the radius of each cylinder, right? Because it's the area of the base of the cylinder which is important, which is pi rk squared. Okay. So now let's go back to my sphere. Okay. This is my sphere. This is the center. Consider the following. Choose a few points on the sphere. Let's say here, that looks more like a sphere, right? So you choose this point for instance, this point, this point, and this point or whatever. And you connect, for each point you connect a couple of nearest ones. Let's say this would be connected to this and to this. And this would be connected to this and this to this. And then each of these points you connect to a center. Now what happens in this case? Well, if you imagine if this is a sphere and you have let's say three points here, let's put it closer and connect it to a sphere. To a center and in between. What is this? It's a pyramid, right? So you put another point here, another point here. It's all pyramids here. So you can actually fill your sphere with pyramids. In a very analogous situation in two-dimensional space it's visible much better. If you for instance take these few points on a circle and you connect them and connect with the center you are dividing a circle into triangles which are inscribed into this particular circle. Now in as much as the area of the circle can be approximated with the sum of these triangles and then the more points you put in between the better the approximation. The volume of the sphere can be approximated as the sum of the volumes of these pyramids, right? Now what happens if I will put my points denser and denser so they will put more points and the distance between points will be smaller and smaller then these pyramids will be with their bases will be closer and closer to the surface of the sphere, right? So now let's talk about the volume. Volume of each pyramid is what? Volume of one-third area of the base times height, right? Now what is the height of these pyramids? Well, the smaller they are the closer height becomes to the radius of the circle, right? Same thing is here. The smaller these triangles are the altitude of these triangles will be closer and closer to the radius. Same thing with the pyramid here. So this thing will go to the radius as the number of points is increasing infinitely and the distance between these points is also decreasing to zero. Now, what is the area of... Now, I will summarize that thing, right? So it will be sum of all these but this will be very close to R which means that when I'm summing I can take R out of... if I will do sigma ii, okay? i is the number of the pyramid number and summing is by i. So this will be very close to R so it's approximately... so it's approximately R times sigma one-third si. Well, one s also can be outside of the sigma. So one-third goes here and this is sigma by i. Now, what is sigma of s i where s i is the area of the base? Well, it's very closely... it will be closer and closer to the total surface of the area, right? Because we are covering... with bases of these pyramids we are covering an entire sphere. So basically what I would like to say is that the volume of the sphere would be equal to one-third R and area of the surface of the sphere. That's my kind of, again, half-intuitive, half-obvious consideration. And now, since I know the volume I can very easily determine the area, right? So s is equal to 3 v divided by R equals to 3 4 pi R cubed divided by 3 divided by R equals to 4 pi R squared. So that's the total area, the surface area of the sphere. Well, I think, again, it's better understood all this thing if you start from the volume and consider this equivalency between the surface area and the volume of the sphere of radius R. I think it's a very important consideration which goes, again, not very rigorously proven by whatever I was just talking about, but, again, intuitively very obvious. It's much obvious on the plane where you have a circle and you have different polygons inscribed and the sum of all these triangles is basically almost equal to the area of the circle and the better approximation would be the better if the number of edges goes to infinity and each edge is getting smaller and smaller. So this is just a three-dimensional equivalent of that. Instead of triangles, we are talking about little pyramids here, triangular pyramids. Okay, that's it. I do suggest you to read the notes for this lecture. I think it's very interesting to read after you have listened to whatever I was just talking about, and I don't think you should be really upset for the better word about non-strictly, rigorously defined certain things which I was just talking about. I did use certain considerations which seem to be intuitively obvious and don't be afraid to use your intuition. Your intuition should actually be developed because whenever you're trying to work on something new, it's not the calculations which drive you forward. It's your intuition first. First you have to really have a concept of whatever you're trying to create and then using the calculation you can support this concept with certain, more or less, rigorously obtained numbers. All right, that's it for today. Thank you very much and good luck.


Hello everybody, E here, E here. Welcome back to another manga review. Today we are talking about Gyo by Junji Ito. I looked up how to pronounce it on the interwebs and the robotic lady on Google said that it was Gyo. If I'm getting that right, I mean wrong, I'm sure y'all will let me know. This is my second read from Junji Ito. I have since read and finished Tomi also. This one isn't as good as Uzumaki. It is good. It is fantastic. I feel this one is more of a comedy than it is anything else. There's the gross out stuff. There's the extreme whore. There's all that stuff. But this one is like Dreamcatcher brother. It is loaded and loaded with fart jokes. So if you're into that kind of thing or if you're a fan of Earl on this channel, then definitely check this out. I'm going to talk about not so much what happens in the book, but certain things that I appreciated. The character interactions in here felt more, and I don't want to talk about Tomi too much, but there are problems with Tomi that I will talk about in that one. It's easily my least favorite of his work so far. I still have no longer Human, which I just found out is actually a novelization of another author's book. Before I go any farther, if you let me know down there in the doobly-doo whether or not I should read the original book first and then read the manga, please let me know. Because just the artwork in that one is making me want to read that book, but I don't know which one I should do first, so please definitely. The whole concept of the government, it all reads very, very silly to me, but I think that's what made me enjoy the story so much is I was having a blast with how utterly asinine and insane it was. Whereas with Uzumaki, that book kind of opened my eyes. It's not like I had a huge revelation and it changed my life, seen spirals everywhere, but it did. It opened my eyes and it showed me something that I had never really paid too much attention to. With this one, I just had, it's just balls out fun from page one to the very end. It is a lot of fun watching these creatures and the various different types of creatures. The shark, the shark is a plus, and the different ways that it attaches and how they end up defeating it and all that stuff. The government conspiracy, all that. I enjoyed it. It was a lot of fun. I don't really have too much else to say other than I want to focus on the fact if you're looking for something in the horror comedy realm and you may not be one of those people who enjoy horror comedy, I would definitely say pick this one up because it is relatively short for Junji Ito. I know Tomi was 800 and Uzumaki was 700. I think this one is just over 400 and so that means it's going to be cheaper. This one's $22.99 brand new and the other one's with $34.99. It's just because of the size of the book. It's about the size of your typical American thriller. But again, I'm going to put this here at the end. If you're reading this, remember the books read right to left. So you're going to start at what we here in the west consider the back. You're going to start back here and you're going to move this way, but also you're going to read the frames from right to left, right to left, all the way down. But yeah, have you read Gyu? I'm giving it four stars. I gave Uzumaki five. Have you read it? Did you like it? Let me know down there in the doobly-doo, especially if this is like your favorite Ito. If this is your favorite one, I especially like to hear from you why you love it so much. If you didn't love it, let me know why you didn't love it. But until next time, I have been E, you have been U. This has been another Manga Review. I'll talk to you guys later. Bye-bye!


All right. Hello and welcome everyone to today's sales enablement training. My name is William We will also have Dan on the call today And we are excited to share with everyone how to generate Comparison pages on our website. So I'll walk through the the technical how you actually do it and Dan will walk through some of our strategy behind it And our our goal here is really that everybody can contribute Everybody on the sales team everybody on the marketing team everybody in the company even our competitors To be able to contribute. So I hope that even our competitors watch this video and Learn how to edit our comparison pages and submit a merge request. So I'll let Dan talk more about the strategy with that. I am going to try to share my screen and Turning off Notifications maybe I could start by sharing my screen and then we could switch over to you Let's do that. Dan you you take it first and then I'll come in after you. Okay. Great. Thanks You should be seeing our homepage so What we're excited to talk to you about and share with you today is is our strategy and about Comparisons and competing and tools in the environment that we operate in which is as you Probably understand is a very large space since we're talking about the entire devops lifecycle We're starting on this page because I want to show you how to get to it First you've probably seen this great graphic that's been hanging out on our homepage for a little bit and it's been cycling different Competitors or tools in the environment that we compete in in any in these different stages Clicking on any of these will bring you to a comparison a feature by feature comparison of those tools but I'm not going to do that here because I want to take you to the main page for that which is Under why get lab and compare yay. We're on the front menu on top menu If you go there There is a revamped page that has first of all a Set a straight menu of all of the comparisons that we do have It is filterable and by category. There's a little bug there, but we do have a lot more categories in that Excuse me But what's really cool is you can also see that similar graphic by stage What get lab plays in which as we know is all of them and then all the competitors all of the competing Information that we have in each of those stages. So for example, if I wanted to get more information on how we compare to To bit bucket in this case bit bucket data center, I can go there and I can get blowdown feature by feature information about about that about how we compare to what they have now One thing you'll notice is that we don't have a separation here that you're comparing get lab premium versus get lab ultimate versus etc We're comparing everything first and foremost on the right side here to get lab ultimate or gold and this As it's always been this matrix on the side here tells you which of our different tiers and versions Actually has this this feature. So For example, we could see that related issues is not part of the lowest tier that we have forget lab. I'm going to pop back up and We have lots of different Comparisons you can switch right from here, but what I really want to show you is In addition to this is that we've we've been also collecting data So there's this notion of a battle card, right, which is it's not all just about knowing which features Tool has it's also about understanding the pricing Any anecdotes that might be out there that you're discovering while you're talking to folks or that we see in Twitter or information summary about the tool itself and so Those we have been collecting under the space called DevOps tool And we're in process the strategy is we're merging these together so that you'll get access to all of that from the comparison pages So as an example, we have Atlassian Jira and there's a page here that has summary information comments and anecdotes pointers to resources about to their sites Information about integrations and pricing and a pointer to the comparison page and some additional information So this information is now being pulled in we're in the process of pulling that in To To these pages I think I might Okay, so let me let me do that differently wasn't here that had it. It was that Jenkins so we have a lot of similar information for Jenkins and That now appears on the top of this single page. So when you go to do like get information about Jenkins, for example We have all of that same information This was just recently the the Jenkins shifting gears note And here's a summary of what we pulled out of it that this is from the conversation that happened in in slack and also just an interpretation on our part about Valuable points from those discussions that you can use as fingers or that that can help you as you're combating or discussing about this competitor or tool We've also got the resources and the pricing and then all the feature comparisons before so all of these pages That are here and there are several For example, Microsoft TFS has a whole bunch of information all of that's migrating over and will soon be Available through the comparison page The other thing about that that I want to point out is To talk a little bit about the comparisons right now We do have a lot of comparisons that are pretty low level things and some higher level things For example, we have psychoanalytics that we may have also Something to the effect of you know can spin up a new project from from your branch or something That is not necessarily it is a feature or part of a feature, but it's not necessarily a The right level so we're working on on reshuffling these and bringing that level up in the cat in the comparisons as well as Recategorizing these so that they fall under the categories For example multiple tools fall under multiple things So there may be a CI fold here under Jenkins and CD fold separately so that we can group that information together That's all work that's going on And I just want to make sure you guys are aware of that So with that I'll hand it over to William who can share with you how you can contribute to this because as you can imagine there's a lot of data to collect and You guys are out there and you're hearing things And so we want to make sure that we're capturing all of that information And so you contributing to this information is an important part of how we're going to do this As William mentioned part of the strategy is yeah, we really want all this public I think there's been some discussion and concern about hey, this is our battle car. This is our like, you know prize collected information Think about it this way There's two parts one and this has already happened competitors look at this and they say hey, that's not right, right? We actually had Sonetype come to us about that and circle CI and the result of that is Great help us correct it and get the right information in there and that's fantastic because that means they're helping us build these pages out as well And what this does is having this level of information available to everyone means that when you go into a situation Where you're competing against three of these other tools in a bake-off for example We've leveled the playing field because everybody has this information, right? Which means it's out there and can be used For more than just our angle To to help lay down the playing field or change the playing field So with that, I will stop sharing and turn it over to William Yeah, completely a deep agree Dan something that I chat a lot about or I you know with Mark Ruggie or I see Mark share often is that more and more in sales deals You know our customers are doing their web research upfront And so if you can imagine when you get on a call with that prospect and you want to give them all this information about GitLab The more information we get on our website The more information they have ahead of that call and the easier you're making your job on that call Allowing you to hone in on positioning learning exactly what their pain points are and having a consultative expertise discussion with them so with that I'll give a quick training here on How exactly do you? update a battle card so of course we go here into our handbook and This is on the website website handbook so slash handbook marketing website and if you scroll down to Updating the marketing website and you see there is a section here called creating a comparison page So here is a step-by-step Instructions and really it's only about two or three steps You basically are going to edit the features that yaml file and then under the competitor section You add a tool so I'm going to show you what that looks like right now I'm going to click to open up this file and It's going to open up here and what I'm going to do is I'm going to open that up in the web IDE Give that a moment to load And you can read through and follow these instructions step-by-step, but it's basically adding a tool name this we call a Unique idea So so this would be a unique ID. It should be a all all lowercase We call this snake case when you use a underscore like that So for example Travis underscore CI and then you just add a name a logo What categories this tool plays in and then you can add either a Summary in markdown just like you would update any handbook page or an include file And so there's there's two ways to add that as Dan called it the the battle card info And I'm going to walk you through it live right now Or I'm going to walk you through it live in a second because the only other part is then in the features section Under individual features the way that you get it to show up on that page as a Dan was showing on our homepage You know, let's say for example We go to the It's taken a moment to load or my You know like let's say the bit bucket page here the way these features appear whether on this page is Whether you set it to true false or partially so you can see in the text file it says free CI CD with personal runners and This is inside of the YAML file and then the way that appears it says free CI CD with personal runners And it has a little partially note because bit bucket does this but really only partially while we support it fully So there's a doesn't support it Does support it and partially which is the true false or partially so To show you what that looks like Went into features.yaml. I opened up my web IDE And what I'm going to do is I'm going to update that JIRA page. So I'm going to look for the JIRA section Which is right here and we can see there's a name and there's a logo, but there's no summary yet So instead of summary, I'm going to add this included file parameter Right and the file that I want to include is Actually from this DevOps tools. So kind of as Dan mentioned Here's a page that exists today We're going to deprecate this page all of this info is going to go into the comparison section and Then at some point in the future will rename the comparison section to DevOps tools But for now, this is kind of like you can get to it directly from the URL, but I don't think we linked to it So I'm going to go to this JIRA page where we happen to have quite a bit of info And I'm just going to take that path right there And I'm going to add it to the file and I think that it's actually going to be slash index slash HTML I Believe is the file. Yes So slash index dot html and For reference, I'm just going to check myself with the Jenkins Section where I did it include index html md. So I'm going to add that to my JIRA JIRA section Dot md. So essentially what I'm doing is I'm telling the website. Hey this This file wherever I put it, sorry This file right here. I want you to take this file and import the content Onto this other page and that's what this include file does So if you have the content somewhere else, you can just literally include it or I could use summary And I could just write my summary using markdown. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to commit this and create a new branch in a merge request and It's going to pop up my merge request here. I'm just going to submit that MR for now And so this is exactly what you can do literally open up features.yaml Edit a section add some content there or add to the summary or create a summary if one does not exist or The contents are already there include a page And then just create an MR. You can tag myself or Dan for help on up to that MR emerging it and What I'm going to do is I'm going to show you what this actually looks like So so everything I showed so far something you can do and should do and then you just wait for the pipeline to finish executing to get a review app this part. I'm now going to expedite showing you the result because I don't want to wait for the review app to finish all the testing that stuff is Important before we deploy because we want to test everything But this part is you don't need to do So basically I'm just going to check out the branch locally unless of course you have a local environment set up and I am going to start middleman on my local environment and sometimes this takes anywhere from you know, say 20 to 30 seconds here depending on the the environment but I can open up What would it be it would be under source nope actually it's under data data features features that yaml and So we can while middleman is booting up We can inspect the file that I pulled down locally And we can see here That we have Jira Sorry, so there's my include file, which is great. It's exactly what I want to introspect And then let's open up the local host looks like it's taking just a few more minutes to Pull up the file but essentially This is the process that I wanted to outline is that you literally can go here to the handbook There are step-by-step instructions if you just want to create it from scratch or If the data is already there, you know For example, this is why we we want to loop in the whole sales team and we hear this all the time where We're sharing knowledge between each other, but it doesn't get disseminated I hear a lot from Alex that his team would love to get that info as well. And so By sharing that info in this file you disseminate to the whole company and everyone and to your prospects as well as I mentioned So that's kind of the benefit of Doing it this way and the idea is that You don't even need to do it net new so some of these are net new like we don't have a comparison for spinnaker There's anyone on the call literally right now or watching this video and you're thinking well I know something about spinnaker and I can write like a one-sentence summary of how spinnaker compares to GitLab go ahead and edit this file pop in a little summary just like this and Submit an MR and we can all fill this out together and have a have a robust comparison section And what I'm going to show now is I'm going to go to our compare site, which is now loaded locally on my machine and I'm going to go to the JIRA Battle card and crossing our fingers and praying to the demo gods Nothing like doing it live We now see that it has pulled in the info from that other file Where as you see when Dan pulled it up earlier, there wasn't any info here I believe so let's there might be some troubleshooting or some debugging because Clearly this has like more content than this has so I need to troubleshoot a little bit to figure out why my Why my file import didn't work But it I think you started with slash but but but could you jump back to the other page because I want to make sure that Everyone's aware of this as well You're saying yeah This should be like that. Yeah Awesome at least compared to your other you're the one you're the man. Okay. Yeah, which way do they work? the the DevOps tools page So one of the reasons we set this up originally get that one right there is because this is just marked down Right and making a change to this or adding an anecdote or a note or something that you learned about the product the competitor is very simple and so Please don't let complexity of this stop you from adding we want to capture that information And if you can add it here, that's great. The goal is to have all of these linked in like what? What William is showing if it's not yet, then please go for it and do it Our goal is to have all these linked in so that we can use you can easily add things to this And those will show up on the main comparison page Yeah, for all for all intents and purposes you can ignore this section of the website We're going to deprecate it, but it gives you a It gives you a format, you know So if all you have is a summary Popping a summary if you have some anecdotes add that and it's really easy to add those Right into this YAML file. For example, you can see here for bamboo I've added the summary and you can just put that mark down right in that file. You don't need to deal with any other files Looks like I have some troubleshooting to do on this on my include But I think the general premise is sound so with that Any what I'd like to do is I'd like to stop the YouTube video we link to the instructions Obviously if there's some bugs, I'll troubleshoot those and I will update the instructions So even after this video goes live check out the handbook the instructions will be there What I'd like to do is just stop the video and then we'll do some live Q&A So thank you everyone for participating today


Appalachian Wireless proudly brings you unlimited data. Unlimited data is only $80 a month for a single line. Four lines as low as $200. Better service, bigger savings. That's today's Appalachian Wireless, an East Kentucky network company. Get a speed slow to 25 gigabytes per line to 512 kilobits for phones and tablets, and 15 gigabytes for motors. See store for more details. Tuesday evening, nearly 100 men and women graduated from a local health and fitness boot camp. For the last 12 weeks, boot campers have eaten healthy and exercised regularly under the watchful eyes of instructors. Tuesday's graduating class was the ninth class in three years, and even those who run the boot camp are amazed at its continued success. It just kind of became a mission to get this movement started in East Kentucky, and I don't think that any of us realized kind of what we got ourselves into, and we never imagined that it would be what it's become. For Hatcher and her mother, Bobby Campbell, the boot camp journey is personal, losing several family members to obesity, and Campbell is living proof the boot camp lifestyle works herself, losing 128 pounds. I can never go back to the old Bobby. I would feed my depression, feed the more I would eat, the more depressed I would get in my cycle. Now when I'm depressed, I run. I zumba.  Every day is a challenge. The 90 members of session nine lost a total of 2,838 pounds.  See, I did this with my wife, and it was a great experience for both of us, you know, because we got to do it together, and she done really well, and she was very supportive. But others were close behind. I've lost 64 pounds in boot camp, and I've lost 37 and a half inches, and I lost seven pounds before boot camp, so overall, that's put me at 71 pounds since November. In three years, more than 500 people have graduated from health and fitness boot camp, losing a combined 16,497 pounds. In Pikeville, I'm Shannon Deskins, EKB News.


That was a juicy one dude. I sapped with so many people in the lava. I just stayed up a space to do it. Dude, there's more horde on this server than the lines.  Oh the loss! I baited the mage down boys, I'm sorry. Let's see. Can we get the res? Oh, he's still here. We can do it. Try and get him res. You better get out of here bros, it's not a good place for a horde right now. I want a piece I'm trying.


Welcome to the abandoned Port Mulgrave. Let's have a look at it. Today I'm out as part of my Yorkshire, or as I'm gonna call it, mykshire series. I've come to Port Mulgrave to have a look. I'm gonna tell you a little bit more about the history of the place, but you can see all the old huts, it looks very post-apocalyptic, sort of Mad Max, end of time sort of a thing. Fishermen have made these huts just using bits of driftwood and things that they've managed to find and things that they've managed to bring down and carry down. Each one is really interesting and full of character, but the problem is, is these cliffs have started to erode and some of the huts have been taken out by the erosion. The steps on the way down have been taken out by erosion and it is advised not to come down here. I've been speaking to the guy whose grandfather owns the land. We had a good chat, he didn't wanna be on camera, but he's a lovely man and he taught me a little bit about the history of the place and about him keeping it in his family.  But yeah, let's get into the history of the place. Port Mulgrave is a former Ironstone exporting port on the North Yorkshire coast, originally named Rosdale, but to avoid confusion with the Ironstone mines of Rosdale in the middle of the North Yorkshire moors, the area was renamed Port Mulgrave in honor of the local landowner, the Earl of Mulgrave. The harbor was constructed in 1856, initially exporting Ironstone to Jarrow on Tyneside to supply Palmer's shipbuilding and iron company. When the mine began to run out, Sir Charles Palmer established Grinkle Ironstone Mine three miles to the east. And in 1875, a narrow gauge railway line was built to service the mine. The Ironstone wagons from Grinkle were taken over bridges, then through a tunnel and along another inclined tunnel on a ropeway powered by a steam engine. The wagons emerged 30 foot above sea level in the cliff side. They were then led onto a gantry on the East Harbor wall, ready for loading the Ironstone directly onto the ships. Port Mulgrave was a busy port for 40 years, but due to a new railway link and cheaper foreign sources of Ironstone, the harbor ceased to be used by 1920 and was abandoned. In 1934, Grinkle Mine was also abandoned and the harbor machinery sold off as scrap and the gantry accidentally destroyed by fire. The West Harbor breakwater wall was deliberately destroyed by the Royal Engineers to prevent its use as part of any German invasion during World War II. So thanks for joining me on another video in the My Yorkshire series. I hope everyone's doing well and staying safe. Much love and I'll see you soon. Au revoir. Don't know where I'm going. Imagine if I just went into this hut now, just closed door and that's me, it's where I live. Anyway, anyway. Right, much love, I'll see you soon. Au revoir.