Today we're going to be looking at verses 1 through 4 here in Luke chapter 11 as we continue a verse by verse study in The Gospel of Luke and so let's begin reading together here in Luke chapter 11 verse 1 I'll read to verse 4 and we'll get into our study Luke chapter 11 beginning at verse 1 Luke writes now it came to pass as He was praying in a certain place when he ceased That one of his disciples said to him Lord teach us to pray as John also taught his disciples So he said to them when you pray Say our father in heaven Hollywood be your name Your kingdom come your will be done on earth as it is in heaven Give us day by day our daily bread and forgive us our sins For we also forgive everyone who is indebted to us Do not lead us into temptation But deliver us from the evil one Jesus is about to give his disciples What has been referred to as the Lord's prayer? but the fact is this is not really the Lord's prayer because in this he's not specifically praying it would be more correct to call John 17 the Lord's prayer because in John chapter 17 Jesus is actually praying This would more correctly be called Jesus's model prayer because that's what he's doing He's teaching his disciples something about prayer as Is true with other teachings that Jesus gives in the New Testament. This is not the first time that he gives this particular lesson The other place that this particular prayer is mentioned is in Matthew chapter 6 and in that particular section The prayer that Jesus gives to them or models for them is part of what is called the Sermon on the Mount in that particular portion of scripture Jesus actually was emphasizing simplicity in prayer and Taught them something about prayer by using the Pharisees as an example of how not to pray and Another thing about that that makes it a bit different is that Matthew made it very clear that Jesus when he was teaching that lesson Was actually on a mountain but here Luke simply says that Jesus was praying in a certain place and so this prayer that he gives is very similar to almost identical to the prayer that he gave in the first place But it's actually a second time that he gives the same prayer And so what we'll do today as we'll look at chapter 11 at that prayer now notice as we look at this together It says that Jesus is is going to be actually responding to a specific request It says in verse 11 verse 1 chapter 11 It came to pass as he was praying in a certain place when he sees that one of his disciples said to him Lord Teach us to pray as John also taught his disciples. I want you to see that the the request is Lord. Teach us to pray Lord teach us to pray now. I find this interesting they use one They use John the Baptist as an example of somebody who obviously was one who prayed and who taught his disciples to pray But what I find interesting about this is that this is the only place you find in scripture That his disciples make a request like this and I want you to see this I want you to see that that they never ask in any of the Gospels Matthew Mark Luke nor John never do they ever ask Jesus to teach them how to preach They they never say Lord teach us to preach so that we can go forth in and we can communicate Teach us the the art of homiletics in order that we might be able to preach in such a way as to convince people Concerning the things that we have to say they never do that They never say Lord teach us to teach they never say to him teach us Exegetical methodology so that when we go through the scripture We might make sure that that we in when we give forth your word it comes out properly that we're not reading into it But actually presenting they don't say teach us how to teach they know where say to him teach us how to be leaders No, we're in scripture Do you ever see any of the apostles who are entrusted with taking this message out to the whole world? Do you ever see them say to him teach us to lead not one time Lord? Give us a seminar on leadership teach us the the prerequisites for a leadership How do we do that or how do we select leaders? They never do that They never say Lord teach us to organize teach us to do demographic studies They never say anything like that teach us to open a Starbucks. They never do anything like that They never ask for those kinds of of things at all and I find that Fascinating think about it for a minute if you were to walk up to the Lord and you were to say to God I want you to teach me to do something. What is it that you would ask him to teach you to do? What is it about Jesus Christ that was so? Stupendous so enormous so obvious that it caused his disciples to walk up to him and say we want you to teach us to do Something that John has taught his disciples to do we are asking you to teach us to pray We're not asking you to teach us to preach. We're not asking you to teach us to teach We're not asking you to teach us to organize. We're not asking you to teach us to lead We're not asking you to teach us how to do demographic studies. We are asking you to teach us how to pray teach us how to communicate with God. They saw something in Jesus' relationship with his father that was so fascinating and so extraordinary and so wonderful that their request to him was Lord, teach us how to pray. Jesus' prayer life was the center of his ministry. Luke has been highlighting it as we've gone through the gospel. Remember in chapter three, you don't have to turn here. You find it in verses 21 and 22. Remember how that when Jesus was baptized, the Bible says when Jesus was baptized by John while he prayed, heaven opened, the Holy Spirit descended upon him and his father spoke to him, you are my beloved son and you I am well pleased from the very beginning of Jesus' ministry, prayer was an earmark. In Luke 5.16, Luke tells us that he himself often withdrew into the wilderness and he would pray. In Luke chapter six verses 12 and 13, Luke writes that he went to a mountain, he prayed all night and then he chose the 12. And in Luke chapter nine verse 18, Luke mentions that he was alone praying when he asked the disciples who the crowd said he was. Prayer is earmarked throughout the gospel of Luke as a highlight of Jesus Christ and his ministry. His ministry was empowered through his time of prayer with his father and his prayer life left an impression on his disciples. There was something about his fellowship with his father that left a lasting impression on them and they wanted to have what he had. They wanted to have a fellowship with the father that was rich and powerful, that was alive and lasting. Why is that important? Why would Luke present to us the fact that his disciples approached Jesus and said, Lord, teach us how to pray? Well, one of the things we need to remember is that during the time of Christ, prayer was very much a part of Jewish daily life. As a matter of fact, devout Jews prayed three times a day. They would pray at nine in the morning, they would pray at noon, and they would also pray at three o'clock. The psalmist in Psalm 55 verse 17 said it this way, he said, evening, morning, and at noon, I will pray and cry aloud and he shall hear my voice. And so Jews would pray three times a day, morning, noon, and early night. That was part of a devout Jews' prayer life. That was his daily religious ritual. In the morning and in the evening, they would repeat scripture, and one of the scriptures they would repeat is found in Deuteronomy chapter six verse four, the Lord is our hero Israel, the Lord, our God is one Lord. And then they would possibly, and more than likely if you were devout, you would pray what was called the shmoneh sray, which is 18 prayers that they had for various occasions. And faithful Jews would pray all 18 prayers three times a day in an abbreviated version. Wherever a faithful Jew was, when it was time for prayer, they would stop and they would pray. No matter where. They do it, by the way, even to this day. The Hasidim, the Hasidic Jews, will do the same thing even to this day, even on an airplane. When we fly to Israel, and very often we will fly all airlines, and there will be Hasidic Jews, Orthodox Jews on the plane. And inevitably at dawn, first thing in the morning, you will see them in the back of the plane, and they have their shawls on and they're praying. When you get to Israel, you will see Hasidic Jews, Orthodox Jews, who will take the time during the day, no matter where they're at. They'll stand on a street corner. They may be at the western wall.  You will see that even to this day. The Jews would celebrate. They would celebrate their ability to call on God. And for them, prayer was a wonderful privilege that God gave to them, and so they would pour out their hearts to the Lord in their communication to him. But unfortunately, during the time of Jesus Christ, they began to formalize ways to pray. And originally it was simply to encourage people to a life of prayer, but as is almost always the case, the formalization of prayer actually led to problems because what happened is ritual and repetition replaced a relationship and produced a religious behavior because ritual and repetition always will produce religious behavior. But it started taking the place of fellowship with God and communication with God because prayer at its simplest is simply communicating or speaking to the Lord. It's opening up your heart and speaking to him. And with good intentions, they desired to teach people that it's important to communicate to God and we have these 18 sets of prayers that you can, or 18 prayers that you can pray in and we want you to do so because it's a good thing to do and unfortunately it created a formal religion even though they had good intentions as it began to formulate these prayers and encourage people to these actions. What happened? Well basically five things happened during the time of Christ which is gonna give you some insight concerning why Jesus gives to us what has been referred to as the Our Father or the Lord's Prayer. Five basic things. Let me run them down to you very basically and then we're gonna look at this prayer together. But this is what was taking place during the time of the writing of the Gospel of Luke. This is what was taking place during the time of Jesus and this is why Jesus is teaching him what he is teaching them to do and this is why Jesus taught them twice the same basic prayer. See what happened is when you begin to ritualize in everything what happens is prayer becomes instead of relationship as I mentioned a moment ago. First thing is it becomes a ritual and therefore relationship is no longer there. What happens is a prayer becomes something that you memorize and then it's something that you repeat and as a result of that it loses its content. A second thing that developed was prayers for every object and occasion began to evolve and so they would pray for a rain. They would pray for light. They would pray for darkness. They would pray for a new moon or they would pray for good traveling. They would pray for good news. They would pray for bad news sometimes and what happened is the prayer replaced the ritual prayer replaced their fellowship with God and the simple relationship that they normally should have had. A third thing happened and that is they began to be offered at certain times of the day eclipsing a moment by moment prayer life. Paul tells us pray without ceasing. It's not that I wake up in the morning and just keep talking until I go to sleep. It speaks about a moment by moment relationship with God where you're driving in your car and you're speaking out loud to him or if you're doing so you better hope there's somebody sitting next to you so people driving by don't think you're crazy but you have this moment by moment conversation. I know you have that I do too. There are times when I'm driving or wherever it is wherever I am it doesn't really matter because you can pray wherever you are at any given time and I might just begin to pray and I'll just say something simple to him Lord you see what's going on here can you help me with this or father I don't know what I'm supposed to do about that and that is more of a relational kind of thing in terms of prayer but what happened is they ritualized it and it began to lose its meaning. A couple of other things you might find interesting is long prayers came into fashion during that time. Long prayers came into fashion. Jesus actually spoke against that practice in Matthew 23 because in Matthew 23 verse 14 he was speaking to the scribes and Pharisees the religious leadership of Israel and he said to them what would he use scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites for you devour widows houses and for a pretense make long prayers therefore you will receive greater condemnation and so long prayers came into fashion and somebody would just become very wordy and once again you don't really need to have that many words when you're communicating to the Lord and the result, the fifth thing it led to insincerity and hypocrisy. Insincerity and hypocrisy. Jesus mentioned that in the Sermon on the Mountain in Matthew chapter six verse five when he said when you pray you shall not be like the hypocrites for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the corners of the streets that they may be seen by men. As shortly I say to you they have their reward. They like to pray in services but they also like to pray out there on the street corners, why? Because they are crowded because there are avenues of thoroughfare people congregate and so as the time of prayer hits they begin to pray and then the people will see them and that's why Jesus said that they may be seen by men. You see sincerity is a prime requisite in every approach to the God who requires truth in the inward parts and who hates all hypocrisy, falsehood and deceit. So the purpose of their prayers began to be seen by men and that's what happens when you ritualize prayer. You see our personal time with God is often behind closed doors. Jesus referred to it as the secret place. The secret place that he said that we should go to in our prayer life is our place of intimate communion with him and the truest and most secret place that we have will always be our hearts and the Bible tells us in Hebrews 4.13 that all things are naked and open to the eyes of him with whom we have to do. And so rather than standing on a street corner or making long wordy prayers in synagogue services Jesus would be speaking against that practice by saying you have ritualized and formalized a relationship with God. You have made it what it's not to be. You have taken your fellowship with God and you have exchanged it for an appearance of a fellowship with God and that's what religion at its heart is guys. Religion at its heart is simply doing external things because they have a certain appearance that people have deemed to be spiritual and as a result of that you can have a very religious appearance and people who will defend you and say oh this is a very religious person and when asked why are they religious they will probably say because they love to pray because they love to give because they love and what they're talking about is these are things that we have seen them do that's why Jesus when he speaks in Matthew concerning hypocrisy and all that's why Jesus in Matthew chapter six speaks about the external aspects of religion as he discusses fasting and giving and praying because we can as believers have an outward appearance that we are doing religious things when in reality our words may be abundant but our hearts are far from God and as a result of that I can even with my many words actually be more of an offense to God than to be one who blesses him. What does Jesus teach us to do? Well he would teach us to speak our hearts to the Lord and to avoid ritualized prayer he would have us to enjoy our talks with the Lord. You know I enjoy time with my wife I enjoy time with my children I as a person enjoy the time that God gives to me with my grandson I enjoy that I really do my grandson has gotten into the habit Josiah has gotten into the habit of whenever he's upset with his mom he will say to my daughter Corinne I wanna go to grandma's house and live there I'm packing up and I'm moving over there you know he does that now and he's more than welcome by the way I wouldn't mind him doing that but maybe I can get him to do that someday but he says that and so today I was speaking to him and I said to him I said I understand that when you're upset at your mama that you will say to her that you wanna go and live at grandma's house and you wanna be with grandma cause Corinne had just told me that and he says no I didn't say that he said I wanna live with you I don't wanna be with grandma I said good boy good boy you've learned your lessons well but you know I had him just today I he was in the office with me and I hadn't seen him I had I was out of the office on Monday and Tuesday I returned today and I hadn't seen him for a couple of days and he came into the room and before you know it he's sitting on the couch next to me and then before you know it he's sitting on my lap and then he's laying his head on my shoulder and now I'm kissing his forehead and just touching and holding him and loving him I wasn't looking at my wife saying oh yes it's time for me to do that you know it's two o'clock and that's the time I'm supposed to be holding him I don't ritualize that I don't ritualize fellowship I don't ritualize love I don't make that part of the agenda of my day I have to schedule in some time with my kids or my grandson if I don't do that with my wife you know okay honey it's seven o'clock we need to get to the Starbucks and get some coffee because you know we are gonna have some time you and I I don't do that and none of you do either because that's just not real now is it that's just not real we enjoy our moments together and we schedule each other in as the Lord gives us access to but that doesn't mean that we we have to say well okay it's three o'clock I better talk to Marie it's two o'clock I better call up and see how David's doing don't do that at all why would I do that with the Lord why would I do that with him why would I say oh it's morning it's noon it's three o'clock I better pray I better stop whatever I'm doing and pray and make sure that everybody sees that I'm doing that too you don't do it and so Jesus is speaking about that and he's saying listen you need to have a relationship with God and don't be a repetitious individual which I find interesting because in Matthew when Jesus is speaking and giving this model prayer in Matthew chapter six listen to what he says in verse seven when he says when you pray do not use vain repetitions as they heathen do for they think that they will be heard for there are many words do not use vain repetition but I have to tell you when I grew up I was taught the our Father and I was taught to repeat this prayer at certain times in certain places and it was taught to me in an exact opposite of what Jesus intended to communicate I know people to this day who will do the our Father in a ritualized sense contrary to what Jesus had just said when he said don't use vain repetition as the heathen do they will do it they will do the our Father and various other prayers because they were told this is what you need to do it's the opposite of what Jesus Christ taught us to do I find it fascinating that if a person were simply to read the Bible look into Matthew chapter six and see what Jesus is speaking about get its context understand its meaning you would suddenly realize that he's not teaching me to formally say these words as if they are a magic mantra that if I repeat God somehow is going to listen and do what I'm asking and so we need to see what he's talking about as we look at this particular portion of scripture one I'll ask two questions and then get into this a little more what is prayer? I've already mentioned its communication to God its fellowship and friendship and relationship with the Lord but somebody once wrote that prayer is a sincere sensible affectionate pouring out of the soul to God through Christ in the strength and assistance of the Holy Spirit for such things as God has promised and that I think is a good definition of prayer and as I pour out my soul to the Lord and as I know the word of God and I say Lord you have said so in your word therefore I pray according to your word and I'm asking for your hand of assistance in my life as I do so I'm evidencing dependence I'm evidencing faith I'm evidencing communion I'm evidencing a love relationship with God and I am also showing sincerity as I do so so what is prayer? Prayer is pouring your heart out to God in fellowship making your needs known to him and trusting that he'll meet them and secondly how then am I to pray? Well Jesus tells us that here in verse two he says to him when you pray say in other words along these lines I'm telling you to pray I'm not saying repeat these words without sincerity but I'm telling you this is what I want you to know about prayer and how do you pray? Well notice how he begins we all know this we were all taught this at one point in another in our life but let's look at it a little bit at a time and you're gonna see why I can only take you to four verses today rather than the thirteen he begins by saying this our Father in heaven when it comes to prayer guys prayer is based on your relationship to God as your Father prayer is based on a relationship with the God that you have trusted for salvation Christians understand prayer to be an outpouring of a heart that has been redeemed that is in relationship with God we speak not to that some great power up there or the spirit in the sky or some awesome presence or some cosmic consciousness we say our Father because we have a relationship with God through Jesus Christ in John 1 verses 12 and 13 Jesus said as many as received him to them he gave the right to become children of God to those who believe in his name who were born not of blood nor of the will of flesh nor of the will of man but those who have been born of God we received him and to those who have received him to them gave he the power to become sons of God even unto those who have what believed on his name I have a relationship with God through Jesus Christ that's why I as a Christian can say unto him my Father our Father the Bible in Galatians chapter 3 verse 26 says you are all sons of God through faith in Jesus Christ that's how you become a son of God I mentioned recently God has no grandchildren he only has his children he has no grandchildren just because my mom or my dad are a saved people does not mean that I automatically enter into heaven because I don't enter in based on their relationship with him I enter into heaven based on a personal relationship with him he is my God I am his son and I can speak in that way it's interesting in the Old Testament God reveals himself to the nation of Israel and in various times he will address himself with with an identification from the very beginning in the book of Genesis for example in the Hebrew language in reference to God the word Elohim will be used and that word Elohim in the Old Testament the Hebrew word is a word that is used over 2,500 times it begins in Genesis and continues on through the entire Old Testament or God may be referred to by the word Adonai the word Adonai in Scripture means the Lord or the Master and you see him addressed in that way of various times you see it in Genesis 15 verse 1 and other places there are times that he reveals himself by the name roughly translated Jehovah the word Jehovah in identifying God is used 5,321 times it's used very commonly in the Old Testament you find it mentioned in Exodus chapter 3 verses 13 through 15 when the Lord God is revealing himself in a covenantal way to a man by the name of Moses and so you see him referring him to himself as Jehovah but then you have what are called compound names he will refer to himself for example as Jehovah Jaira you find that in Genesis 22,14 and that simply means the Lord will provide he is Jehovah Rafa the Lord my healer he is Jehovah Nisi the Lord my banner he is Jehovah Shalom the Lord my peace he is Jehovah Ra'a the Lord my shepherd Jehovah sitgenud the Lord our righteousness Jehovah Shama the Lord who is there he is Jehovah Sabaat the Lord of hosts he's referred to as Al Shaddai the Almighty God Al Elion the Most High God Al Olam the Everlasting God you see this all through the Old Testament but in the Old Testament he never reveals himself in a personal way the way Jesus Christ teaches us in the Old Testament though it does say the Lord is truly our God and he is our Father we are the clay and he is the potter but the fact is it is speaking in a general sense how that God created the nation of Israel and so when the writer Isaiah makes point that God is our Father he's not saying that God has a personal relationship with me in the sense that Jesus brings about in the New Testament you see in the Old Testament there are these variety of ways to express who God is but in the New Testament Jesus gives us something that the Old doesn't he says he's your Father and that is the most tender loving name that God has he's your Father now I realize that some people didn't have a good relationship with their Father and have a very difficult time with that concept I understand that and that's a growing problem even today and more so today than ever before frankly but a Father who loves you and a Father who cares for you a Father who provides for you a Father who defends you a Father who would do anything for you is a Father to be loved and Jesus says he's our Father you need to understand that tonight he's your Father he's your Father you know and Jesus taught us that he said he can be your Father he can be the one who loves you who cares you, who carries you and ministers to you I was talking to my daughter Corinne the other day I speak to her even though she's a woman who's and we got a baby we're gonna have our second baby real soon my second grandchild a little girl and she's a woman you know married with her babies and all but just the other day I was talking to her and as a dad does she came into my office and I was sitting there talking to her and just started reminiscing as fathers can and I'm one who does and I said you know baby girl I said just let me tell you something about my relationship with you as a baby you know she was talking about the fact that she's about to give birth to her little girl I said you know and when you were getting your first shot and then we took you into the doctor's office and the nurse I carried you in and the nurse looks at the nurse looked at Marie and looked at me and said we're gonna have to hold her we're gonna give her a shot and she was just a tiny little thing and I held her and as I held her in my hands and they pulled her a little diaper down and they put that shot and my daughter Corinne actually stiffened up and leaned back and looked me straight in the eyes like what are you doing man and I have to tell you I started to cry I have to tell you I told her I said I cried when you got your first shot I said when you learned to walk I drove up the driveway one time and you were just learning to walk and you saw daddy and she raised her hand up and she started saying daddy daddy I said you raised your hand you ran to me but I could see you were gonna trip because there was an incline and I knew you were gonna trip and mama didn't see you in time and you tripped and you fell and you scratched yourself I still remember that and I started to cry when I told her you know I said I picked you up and I held you and I wept like I am right now I said because I want to tell you something I want to say this to you when you were born the Lord put into my heart to do everything I could to give you joy in your life and to see you hurt broke my heart and that's an evil wicked father I'm only quoting Jesus because in verse 13 of the same chapter Luke 11 13 Jesus said if you then being evil know how to give good gifts to your children how much more will your heavenly father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him I'm just an evil father but I love my baby and I would lay my life down for her in a heartbeat without a thought as any other parent in this room would do for yours without a thought take my life spare hers my mama used to tell me that when the sun would shine on my face and I'd get uncomfortable she said I used to get angry at the sun and I would think oh mama that's a very dramatic way to put it you know very kind of you to say that but you know then I had my baby and we're driving and I'd hear her squirming in that back seat in a little car seat and I'd turn around and I'd see the sun on her and I'd look up at the sun and I'd get angry at the sun you know I understand what mama was saying you really can get frustrated because of the discomfort that life can produce in a child's life if I then being evil know how to give a good gift to my child what is a better gift than to love them what is a better gift than to lay your life down for what is better than that and I know how to do that and I would be willing to do that and I'm an evil father so one I've come to understand and am learning to understand that our God is our father and our father loves us and that's what Jesus wants us to know he's not distant it's not a ritual it's a fellowship with a father our father he says in heaven so a second thing obviously is our father is in heaven and as he says our father in heaven hallowed or hallowed be your name because he does dwell in heaven he is reverenced with godly fear that word hallowed or holy speaks of his character it speaks of his plan and it speaks of his will the knowledge that we have a heavenly father who is holy is intended to cause us to approach his throne with soberness and a worshipful heart this knowledge of God's holiness does not keep us from approaching him but it does encourage us to come in with a sobriety and a reverence for him our father who art in heaven hallowed be your name he says your kingdom come our desires should be God's rule throughout the universe it is our longing as believers to see Jesus rule and to see Jesus reign on earth your kingdom come in Psalm 94 verse 3 the scripture says Lord how long will the wicked how long will the wicked triumph and every godly person has the agony in their heart where they're saying may your kingdom come even as a Psalmist in Psalm 90 verse 13 says return oh Lord how long have compassion on your servants your kingdom come I long for the day when we don't have people running for office lying to us and we have to choose between the one who lies the less I look forward to the time when we have a righteous rulership therefore your kingdom may come he goes on to say your will be done on earth as it is in heaven may your will be done on earth in other words may we be those who perform your will let us do those things that are pleasing to you may your will be done on earth even as you have ruled in heaven may you rule on earth and may you rule in our hearts your will be done now I find it interesting how it doesn't say my will be done and I have to say this briefly there is a certain teaching that some of you have perhaps heard and some of you may have come out of that basically says find something in scripture and they demand it from God find a scripture that you want to use as a club if you will against God and say you said it therefore you need to do it one of the safest things you can do if not the safest thing in prayer is just to say Lord your will be done I mean Jesus himself said not my will but yours be done and if the son said that to his father who am I to demand that he does what I want him to do you know the Lord can give us our requests but even as the psalmist said he will send leanness to our soul I might be able to twist his arm until he gives to me even as Ezekiah said I don't want to die when God said prepare for your going to and he puts his face against the wall and the king cries because he's going to die and the Lord grants him several more years doesn't allow him to go at that point but ultimately what happens is he has a son Manasseh who became one of the most evil kings that the nation ever saw and so we can ask we can say oh God but may your will be done not ours years ago we had a young lady in our fellowship I performed her marriage she and her husband were dear to me and I had known them for a while when they got married I performed her wedding their wedding actually and she became pregnant with her first child and we got a prayer request would you please pray that she might give birth in a natural sense because they're talking about doing a C-section and she doesn't want a C-section she wants to give birth in a natural way and all and so we prayed and as a church we prayed and this is basically what we prayed Father your will be done you know her desire your will be done your will be done and she was crying and crying and crying and because they had to do a C-section and she was so upset she had a C-section she wanted for some reason to go the other route you know but she had a C-section when they opened her up the doctor said this is this is just so good that we took this baby out C because they did not know that the umbilical cord had wrapped around the baby's head and had that baby come through the birth canal the doctor said your child would have been born strangled to death stillborn because the umbilical cord was wrapped around his neck and through natural birth and the time that it takes your baby would have died and we didn't say Lord we are praying for this particular we simply said thy will be done and it is so wise to just trust the Lord who knows everything and first John chapter 5 verse 14 John said it this way John said this is the confidence that we have in him that if we ask anything according to his will he hears us and so we say Lord whatever your will be done may your will be done on earth as it is in heaven may you rule heaven and earth he says give us this day our daily bread Lord we want to have a true and a real dependence on you therefore we pray that you would provide everything that we truly need we ask that you would provide our physical needs for your word tells us in Philippians 419 that my God shall supply all my need according to your riches in glory in Christ Jesus and so I ask that you Lord will supply my need not my greed I mean I could ask you for a thousand things that are greedy what I'm asking you for are the things that I need he said give us this day our daily bread not our weekly bread not our monthly bread not our yearly bread may we have a day by day dependence on you Lord he goes on to say in verse 4 and forgive us our sins for we also forgive everyone who is indebted to us forgive us our sins which is something that God is quick to do the Bible makes it very clear if we confess our sin that he is faithful and just to forgive us our sin and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness so we come to him and we say God forgive us and he is quick to do so the Bible in Nehemiah 9 verse 17 says you are a God ready to pardon gracious and merciful slow to anger and of great kindness and so we can come to him in that way and we can say God forgive us of our sins and God says I do forgive you I wash you with the blood of Jesus Christ but he also says that we are to forgive everyone who is indebted to us Lord you have forgiven me now I ask that I might have the grace to forgive those who have hurt me I ask that I might be able to reflect the reality of a knowledge of sins forgiven by being a person who forgives also there are those who say I've been forgiven who will not release and it's interesting because sin is spoken of as a debt here somebody has hurt me they owe me but I am to have a willingness to release them from that debt in Ephesians 4 32 the scripture says to be kind one to another tenderhearted forgiving one another even as God for Christ's sake has forgiven you if I have been forgiven in other words I forgive somebody else and do not lead us into temptation but deliver us from the evil one Lord sometimes as we follow you and we follow the leading of what we believe is your spirit we may actually put ourselves in a position that is really not spirit led but is flesh led so I pray that you're leading in my life will be so clear that I will be able with no mistake to follow you you see sometimes people will say well the Lord has led me to be a witness and I want a witness and I would say well amen to that and the Lord is leading me to witness to people who were like I was and I'd say more than likely is so I was an alcoholic I'm going to a bar on Friday night I'd say I don't know about that well why not where's your grace these people need the Lord too well of course they need the Lord too but is it possible if you go into that bar to lead the alcoholics to Christ that you might find yourself in temptation is it possible that you might be there seated next to somebody on a bar stool sharing the Lord and they say can I buy you a drink I'm interested is it possible that you might drink that beer and as you drink that beer might want a second one to show that you're not a legalist to show that you're in the grace of God is it possible that by the spirits leading he wants you to be led to speak to people about his love is it possible that you may mistake his leading for something that he's really not leading you into and enter into temptation all along thinking God led you there and the answer is yes it is possible so be very careful that when you're making determinations that you don't just jump into the decision but that you seek the Lord get Godly counsel if necessary and then move out as he leads because sometimes you might feel that the spirit of the Lord is leading you somewhere when in reality it is your flesh deliver us from the evil one Lord we do not belong to him though we walk in a world that is ruled by him you have overcome the wicked one and through you we will too and so Lord I pray that we might learn to depend on you constantly walk in your spirit become overcomers and have fellowship that doesn't lead to religious access and legalism but might be fresh in relationship with you because when it's all said and done you are our father and we love you


I'm Oran, I'm from Starquare. Our mission at Starquare is to use proof systems to bring scalability and privacy to blockchains. We are a team of slightly over 30 based in Israel. We've raised slightly over $40 million to equity rounds plus a generous grant from the Ethereum Foundation. And the first product we're focusing on right now is a Starquare-based scalability engine for exchanges. And what I'm going to talk about today is how Starquare could help solve the blockchain scalability problem.  So in January 2018, in the middle of the US government shutdown, President Trump took his first state of the union address. And for some reason, he neglected to mention two of the most important things that happened right about then, which is that the Starquare paper was being published. And Starquare, the company, was incorporated. We started working. At last DevCon, we demonstrated for the first time working implementation of a Stark Prover and Verifier running in a browser on a smartphone using Web Assembly. This was the first time this was demonstrated. Up until then, Stark was widely regarded as a very promising technology, but one that would take years until any practical implementations come out. In January this year, we demonstrated a first demo of a Stark exchange Stark, which for the first time had a Verifier running as an Ethereum smart contract. At that time, the scale of the system was 10x that of Ethereum. The throughput of the system could support is 10x that of Ethereum. We're constantly working on improving that. And two months later, that jumped from 10x to 200x. In June, we ran in collaboration with 0x on Robson on the Testnet, the Alpha version, an Alpha version of Stark exchange, Stark Powered Exchange, which ran a few weeks of actual live traffic from Binance. Only last month, we hosted in Tel Aviv the Stark Work Sessions Conference, which also included a Stark 101 open workshop for developers where participants could build a Stark Prover from scratch. And we're constantly working on improving the system scale, as I said before. The best running implementation we have today is 700x, the throughput of Ethereum, which brings us to over 2,000 trades per second that we could run, which means that the average cost in terms of gas per trade is under 200 gas. Now, this is always going down, and specifically with the AP2028 coming in Istanbul, which we're very proud to have shepherded through. It's going to go significantly lower than that. And our next milestone, and this is in large part what I'm going to talk about today, is to deploy on Mainnet to launch first commercial release of a Stark Powered Exchange come January with a partner. But first, what's Stark? So Stark is a zero-knowledge proof protocol with specifically nice characteristics. The main ones are that both verify running time and the proof size itself are only logarithmic with regards to the original computation. The prover running time is nearly linear and with nice constants, actually against any other protocol that we've compared it against to date, it's at least one order of magnitude faster. Stark is also applicable to any general computation. So generally anything you could code, Stark could also prove. And then there are two cherries on top of that. One is that Stark requires no trusted setup. And the other is that Stark has hardly any cryptographic assumptions. So the only thing you need to work for Stark to work well is the existence of cryptographic hash functions, which makes it very future-proof in two aspects. One is that it rests on the same lean and battle-hardened crypto as pretty much the rest of e-commerce that's been around since the 70s really. And two, it also makes it plausibly post-quantum secure. So how can proof systems in Stark's in particularly help with scaling blockchains? So permissionless blockchains are often referred to as a distributed system. But actually if you look at them more closely, you can see they're actually more of a duplicated system. You have a large number of nodes, but each and every one of these nodes actually performs all the computations and stores the full state of the entire network. So this boils down to a very low glass ceiling in terms of the amount of operations the network could actually carry. For instance, in the case of trades that we're handling right now, typical on-chain trade today cost something between 150,000 and 200,000 gas, which means the network can't do more than three or four trades per second, the theory. But what if we shift this balance? And for a given computation, we'll have one party run the heavy computation. And on top of running the computation itself, we'll also do some extra work and produce a proof, a Stark proof, a testing to the validity of those computation. Now what the rest of the parties need to do is just to verify that proof, which like I said before is a whole lot less work than the original computation itself. Note that with proof systems, there is no trust assumption with regards to the prover, as the verifier never accepts invalid proofs. So you only need to trust the verifier, and it would never accept any false claims. So this is not a fraud proof mechanism where false claims may be accepted and hopefully later overturned. In this case, only valid statements, only valid states will be updated on-chain. So in the blockchain case, instead of running all these heavy operations many times on-chain, you could basically take the heavy lifting computation-wise off-chain. It'll still be heavy, but it'll be done at AWS cost rather than at blockchain costs. And all that's left to do on-chain is just the verification. This requires very little resources. Now Stark is especially a good fit for this because of these nice attributes that I mentioned before. This way, you could actually increase the network throughput by several orders of magnitude while still enjoying the security of the main chain. But you may say, well, this is nice, but this is good for big computations. And there aren't any big computations on Ethereum today. And you'd be right. Actually, the network scale limitations actually prevent big computations from being run on it today. So to this, I say two things. One is that using a Stark-based system, you can have big computations. So if you're a developer who's not developing some DApp today because you're concerned the network won't be able to carry it, then you're highly welcome to come and talk to us. And the second thing is that for simpler computations, such as trades, for instance, what we could do is we could batch a large number of small operations together in a big batch and prepare one proof attesting to the validity of the entire batch and get the same scale effect that way. Because again, it's the same logarithmic quality of the verifier. So verifying a proof for a very large batch hardly costs more than verifying one for a smaller batch. So up until now, I describe how proof systems in Stark could help scale blockchains in general. Now I turn to the engine that we've built on top of this, which is a scalability engine for exchanges. And I'll briefly explain how that works. So these are the main players in this drama. At the top left, you have Alice and Bob. They're stars in pretty much any presentation here. They're moving from room to room. So they're the users. You have the exchange itself. Then you have the Stark scalability engine that includes the prover. All this is off-chain. And then on-chain, you have two main contracts. One is the Stark verifier. And the other is the Stark exchange main contract that keeps the system state. So users trade on the exchange pretty much as they would today on any centralized exchange. The main difference is that they need to sign each in every order with their own private key. Now this is an important feature, because this is basically the core of this system being non-custodial, which means that neither the exchange nor the Stark exchange engine can actually move people's funds around without their signatures. So if the exchange is hacked, nobody could actually touch the funds of all the people that are there. The exchange also pretty much the same as today does the matching. And then it sends the Stark exchange engine all the trades to be settled later on-chain. So the users on the exchange are pretty much as any exchange today. The users don't need to wait for anything coming later. They could continue trading immediately.  And then for each of these trades, it inserts within the proof that the trade itself was valid. So we'd need to prove things like the orders were signed correctly. And the users had enough tokens to transact. And the transaction balances each other out, things like that for every trade. Once the proof is ready, it's sent on-chain. And then the on-chain verifier accepts that proof if and only if it's valid. And once accepted, it also updates the Stark exchange main contract and updates the state. Now, this would be a good time to explain how we don't just take most of the computation work off-chain, but actually also most of the storage. So instead of keeping the up-to-date balances of all the users on-chain, which costs a lot, we take that off-chain. We store that as part of the Stark exchange engine. We organize that as a Merkle tree. And only the root of that Merkle tree is updated on-chain. So this means that within the proof, in addition to attesting to the validity of each individual trade, we also attest to the validity of the change in states. So the state before the batch, the state after the batch, correctly depict the actual changes that are part of the batch. One of the nice things about a Stark power exchange is that users can now trade on the exchange from their own private wallets. So the way this works is when the user, let's say Alice, wants to trade on the exchange, she first deposits funds to the exchange. This is a regular theorem transaction to deposit it to the exchange contract. And then it's picked up and ridden on-chain as well under her private key. So this is pretty quick, hence the rabbit in the picture. And then while on the exchange, everything is very fast. It's, again, the same as any centralized exchange today. Hence we have three rabbits here. But here we have a small issue. What if Alice needs this money on-chain now? For instance, to pay Carol for something. So paying Carol is also a regular theorem transaction, which is pretty fast. But to get her funds off the exchange, she'd need to withdraw. And to withdraw is a slightly longer process, because she'd have to wait until the proof is actually accepted on-chain. Hence the turtle. So what we need here is a fast turtle. So luckily we've found one. By the way, turtles actually walk very, very slowly, but they swim quite fast, almost as fast as Usain Bolt runs. So the equivalent of the turtle is this neat mechanism that we've devised that we call conditional transaction. So a conditional transaction is something that happens off-chain, only if something else occurred previously on-chain. And I'll give an example with this case of a fast withdrawal. So Alice wants her money fast on Ethereum. So the first thing she does is she signs a conditional transaction, transferring money from her off-chain account to the exchange's off-chain account, pending the exchange did a similar transfer on-chain earlier. So she signs that and provides that to the exchange operator. The operator first checks that she has enough funds off-chain to do this. And if she does, it just moves the money on-chain to her account. So Alice now got the money within one Ethereum block. Now the exchange could actually submit this off-chain operation to the proof. And since the on-chain operation it relies on has already happened, this will now be accepted. So the transaction will be executed, and now the exchange will get the same funds off-chain. So Alice could use this mechanism to get a quick withdrawal. Another thing she could do is she could actually ask the exchange to transfer the money on-chain directly to Carol. And then the conditional transaction will rely on that on-chain transaction. So what happened here is that Alice actually paid Carol on-chain directly from her off-chain account. This could actually work with anything, not necessarily just paying Carol, but anything you could actually do on-chain, on-layer one, or that could be attested to on Ethereum. So it could even be things like paying Dave on the Bitcoin network. Since a Bitcoin transaction is something that could be attested on Ethereum, or it could be open to CDP on Maker, or any other DeFi application that relies on layer one, Alice could actually directly access that directly from her off-chain account at the exchange. OK, so far I was talking with my engineer hat on, but now let's all put our business hats on and take a look at crypto trading today from the perspectives of both the exchange and of traders. And I want to briefly touch what a stark powered exchange can provide them with. So today, when people trade, they pretty much trade on centralized exchanges. A centralized exchange being fully custodial is basically just one big honey pot of tokens, which is highly risky. Now what a trader could do with this risk is one thing they could do is they could just accept it as part of the cost of doing business and take the risk. Note, this is not just a theoretical risk. It's estimated that last year somewhere between one and one half billion dollars worth of token were hacked off exchanges. Another option for traders is to limit their exposure to any one specific exchange and split their funds between several different ones. This is not necessarily capital efficient and it basically boils down to both trader and exchanges leaving money on the table. But with a stark powered exchange, you have other options in terms of custody. You could do self custody like I explained before. You could have your custodian trade for you on the exchange. You could have even more complex schemes in terms of custody. All these boiled down to this honey pot being eliminated and the risk being greatly lowered. Another benefit of a stark powered exchange is that it's much easier in this scenario to move funds to an exchange, off an exchange and between exchanges. So this will also greatly help traders from a capital perspective. So today if you trade crypto, you have the option you could choose between risking your money at a centralized exchange or enjoying low liquidity in a poor user experience at a decentralized one. With a stark powered exchange we essentially break this trade off and you can enjoy the scale, the liquidity and user experience of a centralized exchange without taking this honey pot counterparty risk. Now note that what we've been building these last few months is a production grade system. It's not just a stark stack. It's a heavy duty system that could actually handle a large scale in production and could be integrated to any exchange. So we already already saw that in addition to this, using these neat mechanisms such as conditional transaction and some others that I haven't described here, users can also seamlessly move between their off-chain account at the exchange and all the wealth of the DeFi application that's currently exist on Ethereum. They could use them direct. We also talked about how in addition to trading, the system also supports payments to Ethereum or even to other blockchains. But it doesn't stop here. Stark is a generally applicable protocol, like I said before. So pretty much anything, any financial feature the exchange would want to offer, we could also include in a stark proof. So we can, for instance, include things like interest bearing accounts and margin trading and do that at scale while still remaining trustless. But this is not the end of it. On top of this, you could also add front-running protection. I won't have time to go into that right now but you can come and talk to us later. And notice that up until now, we haven't even used yet the zero knowledge quality of Stark. Add that to the MISC, mix and things start getting really interesting because you could start having privacy.  Now with a Stark based system, you could actually have real privacy, including privacy from the operator himself. So from this perspective, Stark could do to privacy the same thing that it did to custody before. Now you don't need to trust the operator because they're good, because they're a good guy, but you can trust them not to cheat because they can't. Even more importantly, you could have regulated privacy. So you could have privacy, including from the operator while still ensuring that all regulatory requirements are being met.  Note that with these features, that actually makes a Stark powered exchange, not just the best crypto exchange. It actually has features that don't currently exist on any traditional exchange as well. So with this, an exchange powered by Stark will not just be the best crypto exchange out there, but actually the best exchange out there. Crypto or non-crypto. So one more thing, we are very happy to announce our first commercial partnership. We have partnered with Diversify to bring a Stark powered exchange to real users on production come January. And I'm very glad to invite Dan Yanov, the CEO of Diversify to talk about our cooperation. Thank you, Orin, for the fantastic introduction. Here at Diversify, we believe that users should always have control of their funds. Accessing applications through the safety of their choice of wallets. Now, when it comes to trading, so far this has come at the cost of a great trade-off. As Orin mentioned, the trade-off with speed, liquidity, user experience, and even gas costs. Now, over the last 12 months, we have worked hard to bring our users to great user interface, getting feedback from our lovely users. We have developed a way to match against the external liquidity pools to bring traders fantastic markets. And now, with the help of our friends from Starkware, we have the last piece of the puzzle. Instant settlement, low fees, and high scalability. So the days of trade-offs when it comes to non-custodial trading will soon be over. Now, I'm going to do a quick demo to show you what this looks like practically. This is a pre-recorded demo. Those of you who have tried using the internet will probably understand why. So here we have the Diversify trading interface. On the right-hand side, we can see our balances. So here we have our on-chain balances and our off-chain balances locked in Stark in green. So we have just under 1,000 bucks ready here. We're gonna do a trade to show you what that looks like. So the green is basically what we have available to trade. Now, so we're gonna be placing a trade. Let's have a look at the order book. Now, you can see this order book is incredibly thick. So we can place a trade of over 100 ETH without moving the price at all. And the reason why we're able to do this is because since the user's funds are locked in Stark, we can guarantee settlement, i.e. everyone has to hold up their end of the deal, so we can match against an external liquidity pool. In this case, a centralized exchange which allows us to bring this to our traders.  We're gonna be buying some ETH, which this is from a few days ago, so this person is happy that they did this probably. And so we're gonna do a simple order just to execute quickly at market price. And we're going to select the amount and we're going to buy. Now, we're going to sign this with our signature, and it's already executed actually, we missed it. So it's been executed. We can see it in our history instantly. And more importantly, it has been also settled instantly. So again, if we look at our balances, we have our new balance available to trade. So as we mentioned earlier, the trade-offs in experience when it comes to non-custodial trading will soon be over. Now, this has been a demo. However, this will be live the beginning of next year. So please stay tuned and give it up for Starquare. I think we have some... Yeah, that's it. I think we do have time for questions if anybody wants to ask. Yeah. Oh, sorry. Yeah, just step up to the microphones if you want to ask. Yeah, great talk. I'm curious, what do you see as the advantages of Ethereum for Starquare to build on? What got you all to build on this and what do you see as potential downsides to Ethereum that make you want to move this technology elsewhere if either they're present today or if they became present? So Starquare is not specific to Ethereum. It's a general technology, it's not even specific to blockchain. The reason we chose to focus on Ethereum is because it has a few things we need. One is it has a rich enough language for us to be able to build a verifier that can run on chain. For instance, Bitcoin doesn't, but other chains do have it. And also it has a very big developer community. So there are a lot of applications being developed. There's a lot of, there are exchanges running on top of Ethereum, there's a bigger ecosystem. But like looking forward, we're not gonna stop specifically at Ethereum. We could build similar things and other chains as long as they have a rich enough language. Cool, thanks. Can you tell us about the data availability problem for the miracle tree that holds the state of the exchange? So at this first phase, the way we're gonna handle data availability is that we're gonna have basically a committee of a few trusted parties that's gonna accept all the data. And for each proof that we submit on chain, the proof will only be accepted not just if it's not valid, but also it needs to be signed by enough committee members that have indeed attested to the fact that they have the data and that they have indeed calculated and saw that this data maps to what we've submitted as part of the proof. Thanks for the talk. Did I get it right that the match agent is centralized and it just can say I don't want to execute this order? That is true. At this phase, we're just, we're starkifying the settlement process. The matching is centralized. Now this has ups and downs. The main benefit that you have here is that it's a lot quicker and you can't front run it. The downside is yes, it's still censorable. Do you have any kind of solutions for it or? So we have thoughts about how we could start to fight the matching as well, but we're not there yet. Got it, thank you. That will be coming sometimes late. Thank you for talk. It sounded very bright and shiny, like kind of without disadvantages, solving a lot of problems. And even for me, it sounded like it's going even into layer two territory by problems it solves. So there should be some drawbacks. First of all, it is the layer two solution, you're right. The reason it's like it's a lot simpler than many of the other layer two solutions. Like in layer two, you have, I referred to you briefly before, you have two major concepts. You actually use fraud proofs or validity proofs. So fraud proofs is where you say, okay, let's say we have some channels or something in layer two. We update that on chain and we're optimistic about it. So we may update things that are false, but we expect somebody to catch that and contest that and then overturn it. That's a much more complex system of what we're doing here and it has a lot more drawbacks. What we have here is since we have the power of Stark or proof systems basically, this means that whenever we submit a proof, only valid proofs will actually be accepted and only valid states will be updated on chain. So it makes things actually a lot simpler because there are a lot less cases to consider. It's not a simple system altogether, that's why we were working hard on it for the last few months and slightly more than that. And we believe that the user experience at the end of the day is pretty seamless. Won't feel that you're running on top of something complex. Then one more quick question. Do you need some kind of set of validators or some separate network that will be doing some things or it just works completely on normal smart contracts in Ethereum? So on chain, it's just a regular smart contract. There's a verifier contract. There's a main contract of the exchange all on chain. Off chain, we have this Stark engine that we're operating that runs as part of the diversify in this case. And the only thing you have on top of that is this committee that I mentioned before that you're gonna have several other parties that are not us that will actually need to get the data and the test to the fact that they've seen it and it's valid. Thank you. That's all. So how do you compare yourself with IDEX? With IDEX? Yeah. Well IDEX today, as far as I know, don't yet have any such scalability solutions. So they actually do the settlement on chain. I think they're planning to. Well, it did announce a layer two solution yesterday. Okay, I'm not too familiar with the solution. As far as I know, it's not proof system based, which means it's like in this category I just referred to that's called fraud proofs, which means you could actually update false things on chain and hopefully later overturn them, which makes it a bit more prone to attack and complex, but I'm not too knowledgeable about exactly what they do. What does StarDex require KYC? And also, would you open like margin trading in the future or it's on the roadmap? So KYC is really a question to you. It's not a matter of StarDex, it's. Yeah, so yeah, KYC I guess depends on the exchange itself. And in our case, we don't require KYC because all the assets traded on diversify are basically crypto to cryptos, it's only digital assets. And we don't include securities and certain jurisdictions are excluded to be able to create this kind of friction, this connection, the exchange. And now margin trading from the stock perspective, we're definitely planning to handle that, which means that the stock engine will be able to support it. Again, it's a matter of, it's up to the exchange of when and how exactly they support any future. I know if you have a statement on that. Yeah. So thank you very much.


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Hey, everyone. Welcome. My name is Yu Chong Yu. I'm a senior technical staff member in IBM Cloud for financial services team. Krishna is our VPN CTO. I know some of you are expecting him. I hope I don't disappoint you. OK. So today, I'm going to use a real-world use case to talk about, you know, to demonstrate how AI is actually used or I mean how open source is actually used in the AI lifecycle in a hybrid cloud environment. OK. And this is the agenda for today. I will start with the trend challenge for AI followed by some real-world use cases. And then let's talk about a little bit, you know, about different open source tools, how they are used in the AI, different stages of the AI lifecycle. How did I build the secure training environment in the hybrid cloud environment?  OK, I will leave a few minutes at the end for questions and answers. You can always catch me and, you know, you have my email on the color page. Feel free to contact me. OK. So AI is impacting every single industry. We all see AI almost in every day's life, right? So there's some interesting numbers here. As you can see, based on Mackenzie's report, 25% of the insurance industry will be automated in 2025 thanks to AI and machine learning technologies. Based on Dwarf's report, 37 of the financial services firm will globally adopt AI to reduce operational cost. And 33 of North American financial service firm predict AI will change the way they innovate. And based on PwC report, global GDP will be up to 14% higher in 2030 as a result of AI, the equivalent of an additional $15.7 trillion. Now, what you can see behind those numbers, you know, those are actually some of the areas that AI can help us. AI can help us reduce operational cost. AI can help us to improve the employee efficiency, to solve the big volume transactions. And then AI can help us to gain more insights, make better decisions, and eventually drive our revenues. So those are really the typical areas where you see how AI is being used today. Now, what are the challenges we are facing when companies try to adopt AI? One is that every company normally has something up and running already. How can you integrate AI technology into the existing system? That's one challenge. And then once you integrate that, how do you apply your AI at scale? So that you can, you know, let's say, apply, get some insights for every transaction. That's really hard. And then another thing is model portability, interability, you know, that's another topic. OK, so where do we want to go with this? You know, this is kind of the ideal stage, right? We want some agility from AI, which means, you know, the ability to train anywhere. And hopefully, you can also deploy anywhere, right? You don't have to stack with, you know, the data scientist environment and stick with that, right? And then you want AI at scale. You know, I will give you some real use case where you can see, you know, it's really important for some, let's say, banks to do in-transaction inference. And then you want some optimized AI ecosystem because, you know, when you talk about AI, it's really not just the model. The model is just one step in the process. You know, even if you have the model, you have to monitor it. You have to evaluate. There are lots of things. You have to do it iteratively, right? So you need a whole ecosystem to help you go through different stages of the AI stage. OK, I will talk about some... Those are really real-world use cases. OK, so as we all recognize that AI is being applied to lots of different use cases in a wide range of different industries, right? I just gave some examples here. Those are really just examples. They are not exhaustive at all. I highlighted a few here. I just gave some more information about those I highlighted in the last page.  Again, those are not exhaustive, right? So you can see that, you know, AI there is helping with different things, right? It can even go beyond this. So think about when you...  So the AI may have to deal with natural language and then do some natural language understanding. You know, you may pay check, pay bank a check, right? Those safer payments, the bank may have to process your image of the check, right? So AI may have to deal with image, right? Language, voice, all those, right? So they're really, you know, different data sources you may have to deal with in your AI model and you probably need lots of data to train your model and explore that, right? So let's drill down into one of the use case and see how exactly, you know, I'm just, I just want to use this as an example to show you, you know, how I went through the AI cycle, okay? And maybe you can apply that to some other use cases you're facing every day as well. Again, this is a real customer use case. So a large US-based bank, they want to apply the fraud detection model to their credit card processing application and they hope that they can do this for every transaction. Okay, so originally what they did is that, you know, they built a machine learning model. They deployed it off platform and then they try to invoke the model, right? From there, their transaction happens on mainframe, right? So when they invoke the off platform model, you know, there are different delays, right? Network or whatever, right? So they're seeing about 50 to 100 milliseconds, you know, the time may vary depending on the day of the time of the day and things like that. So what happened is that they couldn't really do that for every transaction. So they could only score about 20% of their transaction. So that means they couldn't really catch every fraud case beforehand, right? So for this particular customer, what they did is that they collocate the fraud detection model on mainframe so that, you know, the delay was reduced from over 50 milliseconds to under two milliseconds. And then they could invoke the model for every transaction and this could save them like, I believe 20 million is the number in risk deduction, okay? So again, this is just one example, right? But let's say if I ask you to build an AI model, what would you consider? What factors would you consider? What problems do you have to solve? Right, at least some of the challenges that you should consider, okay? Those are important ones. There may be some other ones, but let's start with those. So first of all, you probably would deal with hybrid environment in the sense that in this bank for example, right, their credit card transaction happens on mainframe already, right? Mainframe deals with about trillions of transactions every day. So, and then their data scientists probably would not have access to mainframe, right? Normally that's the production system.  They probably come to the cloud where they can easily access resources, different services. So naturally you are dealing with a hybrid cloud environment, right? That's one thing. The other thing is that, you know, think about what the data scientists. So, you know, put yourself in the data scientists shoes. When data scientists, they're trying to solve a problem. Probably the first thing that they want to focus is how can I solve this problem rather than how will this be deployed? Am I working in the same deployment environment? Probably that's not something they want to consider, right? At least not the top priority one for them. So how do you solve the issue? If the environment they're using is different from the environment, you will deploy eventually. Like in this case, the mainframe, they haven't even touched it. They haven't tested there, right? How do you solve that?  Security, security, security everywhere, right? Your data needs to be secured. Your platform needs to be secured. Your infrastructure needs to be secured. Everywhere needs to be secured. Otherwise you may have to pay a big dollar, right? For those, if the data is leaked or whatever, right? And then regulations. There are lots of, lots of regulations in financial industry, right? I'm sure you all know that, right? And there are even regulations for AI models. Like your AI model cannot be biased intentionally or not. That's if you use my voice to train a language model, you are biased because I'm not a native speaker, right? So you may not do that on purpose, but it is there, right? Model inference. We look at different use cases and some of the use cases really have low inference latency requirement. Some may relax a little bit. You may be able to do batch inferencing, but there are some you cannot, right? Model management. This is the ecosystem I mentioned, right? You need a healthy, optimized ecosystem to help you with every stage of the AI development. And even after you deploy it to model the whole life cycle and you need to monitor, if your model drifted over time, you have to retrain and redeploy it, right? So that's an iterative process. Okay? So how could open source help? Okay, again, I work for IBM. IBM is really serious about open source. Here are some numbers. You can see we are like 25 years plus in open source. There are like over 15K commits every month and we don't stop there, right? Open source software is really a major component of IBM's DNA. And IBM and Red Hat, we contribute, we're the largest corporate contributor to open source community, okay? So that's come back to the AI life cycle, okay? How did I use open source to help me build this AI model? Okay, what are the open sources I used? You know, I put something here. So first of all, when we talk about AI, right? AI modeling, what do we need to do? First of all, you need to understand the business problem. What problem you are trying to solve? And you also need to understand how you evaluate your model. Does it really help you, right? So you start with business understanding. That's the most important thing, okay? And once you understand the problem, you start to collect data. What data do you have? What data you need? Whether your data is good enough to help you to solve the problem, right? And then you gather all the data from different sources, you know, or you organize them together. Now you need to clean them. What if they're missing data? What if they're duplicate data? You need to, you know, clean up your data. And after you clean up your data, right? Your data centers come in, they look at different columns, different fields, right? They need to extract all the features, right? And they build the model, but sometimes they could be overfitting. So they may have to delete some features, right? So you can see that, you know, data preparation, modeling, it could be already a iterative process, right? And now you go down this path. Once you have the model, you evaluate it, right? How good it is. Is it in the quality that you can use it, right? And then, you know, if it's okay, you deploy it. But you see the big circle around it. You know, again, I want to emphasize, you know, AI model developing is really a iterative process. It's not something you can do it and forget about it. If you start it, you probably will never get over with it. You have to monitor it. You have to evaluate with new data coming in. You have to retrain it, right? But it's also, you know, how you gain insights for your company, right? Make better decisions. So it's a valuable process. Now we look at the inner circle, right? Let's talk about how I use the open source to solve the problem I mentioned before. First of all, you know, the IBM open source sample credit card fraud model. You know, I will share the link. The link actually is in the deck. You can grab the model. Actually, they open source the couple. You know, I used one of them for today's talk, but you can grab the GitHub repo and try it. And they also open source the sample data set. You know, the credit card data set is a little hard to get. So this is a thing to size the data set, but they open source it, so feel free to use it. And then for me, I use, again, I work for IBM, right? So I really used some open sources, but also some closed source tools for me to finish this cycle. But again, you know, based on your preference, you know, you may choose to use some different tools. For me, I do use Jupyter Notebook, but I use it inside, you know, Cloudpack for data, right? In that Watson Studio environment. It just make it easier for me to connect to different data sources. For example, I can just automatically ingest a code and things like that, but you can just go, you know, use Jupyter and handwrite some code, right?  When you build AM models. Onyx, why do I need to use Onyx? Now, again, let's come back to the data scientists. How can we separate them out from the deployment environment, okay? Data scientists, you know, they can use whatever environment they're comfortable with, right? To build their models. And then eventually, you know, our, you know, dev-opt pipeline could, you know, dev-opt engineer should be able to take their model and deploy to where we need that, right? Onyx is one way to do that. So what that means is that, you know, whatever the environment the data scientists build their model, they can convert that model into Onyx format, okay? And then the deploy, whoever deploys the model can take the Onyx format and then deploy to the framework, you know, the model serving framework they need. Okay, so that's why I use Onyx. And for me, again, if you look at the open source, the model is built in TensorFlow, okay? So that's why I use TensorFlow to Onyx to convert the model format. But I will also show, if you use TensorFlow and just save your TensorFlow model, you can still deploy that, let's say in mainframe, right? For my particular use case, I can show you how to do that. And I do use, this is Onyx, or not just Onyx, a model viewer. If you use TensorFlow, right, you can just view the model structure inside TensorFlow as well. So on the right side, what you can see are the open source tools I used when I built my model. On the left, those are the different tools I use, let's say when I deploy the model. Some of them, actually, you don't really need to know what is being used under the cover. For example, once I have my model, again, whether it's in TensorFlow format, or I can convert the TensorFlow format into Onyx format, right? If I keep the model in TensorFlow format, I can use TensorFlow serving, in this case, a container, and use that to deploy my model. When I use the Onyx, I use something called what's the machine learning to deploy my model? Okay, there is a no charge free version, if you want to try it out on Z. Okay, again, for the use case I'm talking about, yeah, well, this Onyx, so Onyx under the cover, if you use Protobuf format, actually, it's the same format as TensorFlow model. Okay, so if you look into the details, before TensorFlow 2.7, they have a bug. So when you train the model on, that's the x86, it's little Indian, and when you copy it over to mainframe, it wouldn't run. And 2.7, they fix the bug, so right now for TensorFlow model, you can just copy TensorFlow, you know, the BF file, I believe it's BF, to mainframe, it should run, but I don't think Pico file is Indian, independent. If you save the model in that format, you may have to do something with that. Okay, again, let's come to the right side. What I was saying is that I save the model in Onyx format and I use what's the machine learning environment to host the model. And when I import the model into WML environment, the deep learning compiler is already happening under the cover, so I don't really need to know, you know, a deep learning compiler is working and under the cover, deep learning compiler is built on the Onyx, you know, MLIR actually, right? You don't need to know all that. And the ZDNN is, you know, if you really want to make use of the AI accelerator Onyx 16, that provides your API to program, right? What, you know, how you use the AIU accelerator. Normally, you know, you don't have to use that. And I just mentioned that TensorFlow serving you can use to serve your TensorFlow model. Swagger API, you know, I listed there because after I deploy my model, I can make API calls to my model.  Oh my goodness, time flies by. Hybrid Cloud environment, okay, I need to speed up a little bit. So what we really want to achieve here, right, is really once you organize all the data, that step, right, you have to do to gather all the data from different places and find out, you know, what data would help your business, right? Well, once you have the data, what we really want to achieve is tree anywhere, deploy anywhere, right? Again, for this particular case, I will show you how to deploy on Z, but it really based on your use case, okay? So when you build a training environment, especially in hybrid cloud environment, you know, you need to make sure it's secure, right? Especially for financial data, you know, that's one of the concerns, right, for some financial company to come to cloud because of data security concerns. So what you really need to consider is, you know, again, many things, network security, you know, I highlighted something, right? Like how do you isolate? Do you set up subnet? Do you set up VPC, right? I put some IBM services there, IBM cloud services there, but if you build this in other cloud provider, right, you can replace them with services with similar functionality, but again, you do need to consider all of that. Network security, identity access security, how do you authenticate your user? What access do they have, right? Even for services based on their role, they may need to see different information, right? Application security, how do you make sure your code is secure, your container image is secure, and et cetera, and data protection, data is the most important asset, right? How do you protect your data, right? At least some options, right? You have a confidential database, which means, you know, your database itself is encrypted, right? It's secure, confidential computing with your computation environment is also secure, and key management and other things, right? This is what I did. Again, I am IBM, you know, and I am from IBM Cloud for Financial Services team, if you remember, it's on the cover page. So what IBM Cloud for Financial Services provide is, you know, it has pre-conflict controls, like almost 300 of them, and then we have, you know, the architecture based on best practice, and we even have a Terraform template, so I can go into IBM Cloud, click a button, and you can choose whether you want to set up container-based, WSI-based, or classic. So for me, I just set up that environment, and then I have all the controls configured, I can go to my security and compliance center to do continuous monitoring. So this is kind of the flow. I'm just watching the time. So basically what I did is that first, I come and set up my secure landing zone for FS Cloud. This path two is, you know, you ingest your data, right? For me, I push my data into Cloud Object Storage, and that Cloud Object Storage is protected by my HyperProtect Crypto Service keys, okay? And then you see I use Cloud Pack for data to train my model. You know, I could choose to test on WSI, and then the model I bring back to mainframe to deploy. Okay, so once I have my model, right, I mentioned that there are different ways for you to deploy the model. In this particular case, if you want to keep your TensorFlow format, right, what I did is I just zip up my TensorFlow model, I copy it from my X86 environment onto mainframe, S390-based environment, and then I deploy it into a container, okay? Another way to do this is, again, if you have ONIX model, especially if you have really low latency requirement, you want to deploy that onto mainframe to utilize, you know, IBM Z16 has the AI accelerator, it's in-chip, right? It can really speed up the AI modeling, and speaking of that, right, I just highlight, you know, what model really take advantage of the AI US today. It's primarily for deep learning models, okay? For machine learning models, you can still use it, there are certain actions operators can still be speed up. The demo, okay, if you look at the deck I post, there is a link to the audio video you can take a look. I can quickly show you, I know I'm running out of time, but I think we also started a few minutes late, right? So if you don't mind, let me just quickly show you a few things. You don't see my screen. I can drag, oh, this is a different screen. I can drag the whole thing over one second, okay? So what you can see here is, this is the open-source model I mentioned, okay? Again, all the link, they are in the deck I posted, you should be able to access them, and there are two sample models in here. What I used is this one based on LSTM. There is another one based on GRU. You can try them out. And if you look at, right, this has the information about how you run this, and this link actually link to the open-source data set, okay? I also, I don't think I put it in the deck, but this is a very good red book. Basically, it covers almost everything I talk about, so feel free to take a look at this red book. Okay. And this is my Watson Studio environment where I train my model, right? You know, I think I'm running out of time. I don't know whether I have time to go through all of that, but basically what I'm doing here is that, let me come to the, I cannot see it on my screen. Let's just go to the top. Okay. So basically what you can see here is that, here I connect to my cloud object storage. Basically it use F3 APIs. You don't have to code, again, it's hard for me to see. So if you use Watson Studio, you can come here and inject your code. So that would generate some code for you to access different sources. And then what I want to highlight here is that this is the data loading, right? Basically I'm using Pandas to read my test data. Here's some sample of the test data. And then I do some preprocessing of the data. There's some functions defined to map the data. Like if you have strings, you want to map them to numbers and things like that. This is the data mapper. And then this is the data generator. This is where I create the model, right? You can see it has a few layers. And this, again, is the LSTM model I'm using here. And then here is where I train the model. This may take a while, right? Depending on your data volume, depending on the vCPUs you have, if I can ever score past this. Okay, model saving, you can see that, right? For one way, I just zip up the model and then I copy it over. The other way is after I train my model, I upload it into my cost bucket. So you can think of this as your devout process, right? After you build the model, you check it into some repository. So this is kind of like that. And then I test my model, right? I want to show you where I convert the model into Onyx format, model conversion. So you can see that this is a TF2 to Onyx model converter, okay? Let's see. I do want to come back to the slide just to wrap up. I see some people coming in already. So I think I highlighted those already, okay? Now, for your testing, right? I think for any one of you who have developed the AI model would know that when you test your model, right? When you do inference, you have to do similar data transformation just like what you did when you train, right? So this is an example, right? I have some test data coming in. So in this particular case, when you look at the Git repo afterwards, you can see that what we do is we have one transaction, we look up the past few transactions, we group them together, we pass it to the model. So based on a group of transactions, the model tries to decide whether it's fraud or not, okay? And the same data I can pass to the TensorFlow model, I don't have time to show, but basically, there is the container registry, you can download the TensorFlow serving container and this is how you run it with Docker run, for example. And this is how I import it into WML, right? You import the model, you can make API calls and think like that. And then I just want to sum it up. What we really talk about today is how did I at least use AI to use open source to train an AI model, right? And I do want to achieve that. I can train anywhere and then deploy anywhere, right? And again, the ecosystem is really important. And here are the different resources. It's in my deck, you can find out more information. And again, my contact is on the cover page. Feel free to contact me. Feel free to catch me. So let me stop here. I know I run out of time. Any questions? Thank you. Thank you. At least we fixed the technical issue, right? So you guys could see the slide. And thanks to Rajesh. Where do we see open source in 10 years? Personally, I think it will help us a lot, okay? If we all contribute, then we can make a bigger progress. So I do think it will help us. Yes. Thank you so much.


Hi, I'm Denchie, and if you've ever been on YouTube for a little bit longer than, I don't know, a month or so, then you've probably become familiar with the fact that it's not exactly a super stable, safe, or free platform. And this exact issue illustrated here in this video that I've made a while ago called, I'm So Tired of This Nonsense, where I talk about how I got a strike for harmful or dangerous content for my video on the YouTube DL software. So this kind of stuff can happen, and it will happen. Why? Because YouTube is owned by Google. We all know how much Google loves manipulating information. Whether you're on the left or the right politically, you've probably been screwed over by YouTube at some point. Why? Because their aim is to be as non-controversial as possible. And regardless of how you are politically, you probably have some controversial opinions that YouTube probably doesn't like. But luckily, because of how corporate YouTube is, a lot of people have been driven to make alternative platforms. And one such platform is Odyssey. Now, longtime viewers of the channel will know that I used to have an LBRY account, which is what Odyssey used to be known as when it was called LBRY.TV. But since around November last year, I've completely reset that and made a new LBRY account, which is now Odyssey. This is linked in the description and on my channel links. You can go and click the little links on the side of my channel or in the description of this video to check this out. You can watch all my videos on here. They're synced from YouTube. So as soon as they come out on YouTube, they also come out on Odyssey. There's no ads. There's no interruptions or anything. You just watch the videos and they work. There's a picture-in-picture player, all these cool features. But I really want to make sure that people know that I have it. Because I have received messages or video comments and stuff telling me, hey, if you keep getting strikes, why don't you look at the site called Odyssey or Bitshoot or BitView or whatever? Like check these out. And I just have to tell them I already have that. And then they're like surprised. Oh, you should tell other people about this. So that's what this video is about. However, you may not be as trustworthy of Odyssey as most people because it is still a large centralized platform. If Odyssey decides to shut down or stops working, then you're essentially screwed. However, the solution to all of this and to people who are very, very, very careful about things like privacy is my self-hosted PureTube instance. So I've also had this for a few months now. It's at videos.dentia.live. So that's the address. That's also linked in the description. And just like the Odyssey, my videos are synced to here. So you can watch all of them over here. But yeah, for most people, I would recommend checking out my Odyssey channel if you don't want to use my YouTube. But this is fine as well. If you want a more privacy-conscious option, it's sort of like the extreme solution to all of these YouTube issues. But anyway, as I said, I'm making this video to tell you that, yeah, this exists. And if you are a YouTuber, if you make videos on YouTube, then you should totally consider syncing over your channel to Odyssey or LLBRY or whatever because it's very, very simple to do. It's super easy to set up and all of that. And it can really pay off in the future. It's not safe for anyone who talks about pretty much anything because YouTube can just change their rules at any point or they can impose rules in a completely different way because they don't like what you're saying. But I don't really have to sit here and rant about how YouTube is bad. There's already a billion, trillion people on YouTube who do that. So I just hope you enjoyed this video. I hope you check out my Odyssey channel. I hope you just check out Odyssey in general and use it more. It's an excellent platform and deserves more users. I've been Denshi. Goodbye.