How can I create a border to pour a thick coat of resin? You can pour art resin as thick as you like so long as you have some walls that you can work with them. One easy way to create walls is to take some sturdy aluminum tape, taping up the side of your piece and then folding it back in on itself to avoid having any sticky areas showing. From there, you can pour your resin right in and you want to work in thin-ish layers about a quarter of an inch thick and once that first layer has set in about four hours you can then pour another layer and again four hours and another layer and repeat this as often as your walls will allow. From there once the piece is cured you can pull the tape right off the next day and to address the sides you can just sand it with an electrical sander or you can even run it through a saw to just chop those edges right off and make them nice and crisp. A second way to make walls is to use a bead of silicone. Silicone is great because you can make any kind of organic shape that you like. Just pump it out onto a piece of acetate because art resin won't stick to acetate or to silicone and once you have your shape defined you can pour the resin inside and leave it to cure and then when it's cured you can just pull the silicone away and pull the art resin piece right up off of the acetate. It's as easy as that!


The Cube presents HPE Discover 2022, brought to you by HPE. Good morning, everyone. It's theCUBE live in Las Vegas, day two of our coverage of HPE Discover 2022 from the Venetian Expo Center. Lisa Martin and Dave Vellante, what a day we had yesterday and today, unbelievable. Good warm up for today, big, big day today. Big day today, we've got a lot, we've got some big happy haters on talking with HPE, customers, partners, leadership. We have a couple of guests up with us next, going to be talking more about the ecosystem. Please welcome Corey Dyer, the Chief Revenue Officer at Digital Realty, and Cliff Evans, Senior Director, HPE GreenLake Partner Ecosystem. Guys, great to have you on the program. Thank you, great to be here. Thank you for having us, excited to be here with you. So let's harness that excitement, Corey. Talk to us about the partnership, the announcement, what's going on there with Digital Realty and GreenLake. Yeah, we're crazy excited about it. We've got customers dealing with data gravity and the opportunity around that and how they can make use of it. And then they're thinking through digital transformation, how you do a multi-cloud, and they need a partnership to do that. And this partnership with GreenLake and Digital is perfect solution for them. So I'm crazy excited to be here with Cliff, and with all of you to talk about it and hopefully build out a great partnership and relationship with HPE. Talk to us, share your crazy excitement, Cliff. Yeah, no, absolutely. No, I think it is an absolutely fantastic partnership. I think the two of us coming together as organizations, bringing the two platforms together is an amazing thing that we have for customers. Customers we know, they want a cloud experience, but really they want to do that without really the DC footprint that they've had previously. So how do they do that in a way that really works for them in a secure, sustainable way, but with a cloud experience? So really the combination of the two pieces coming together really makes that happen and that is what's exciting. So could we dig into the two things that you mentioned, Corey, digital transformation and multi-cloud? When I go back to the sort of early days of cloud, it was like, oh, nobody's going to do anything ever again in the data center. Charles Phillips, the CEO of Infor famously said, friends don't let friends build data centers, right? Everything's going to the cloud. So a lot of people predicted guys like you were going to be in trouble. The exact opposite happened, the market took off. So you mentioned digital transformation and multi-cloud. Can we peel the onion on that? What is it about those two items and are there other trends that are driving your business? I know you tied right on to where it started. All enterprises started going to the cloud and then they got to the cloud and there was more that they needed to make that real. I talk about multi-cloud, you're going to use different cloud providers for different opportunities and different applications. And so you have to start thinking about how does this work in a world where you're going to go to multiple clouds, multiple locations and what it really drove is the need for co-location to make this because you've got a distributed architecture in order to enable all of this. And then you end up having to have us help you out with it and partners like HPE. And so that's part of where it comes from. But if you think through going to the cloud, can you stay there, is that the full solution? You need a secure, sustainable solution for that. One of the opportunities for us around that is that if you're building data centers for yourself on-prem, you don't have all the cloud access we do. We've got more cloud access points than anybody, so that helps in this digital transformation, right? Go ahead. How much, sorry, let me interrupt you. How much homogeneity is there? Are clients or customers saying, hey, I kind of want the same experience and the same infrastructure, same, same?  I would tell you that they come to us from all the partners. So we are a partner community. We're not going up the stack anywhere on that. We do our part. We're really good at doing the data centers. Really good at building data centers that's sustainable. Our position in the market is sustainability around it. We were the first to sign up on the science-based initiatives for zero kind of carbon neutrality in the future in 2030. And so, yeah, so I think there's the partner aspect that they need help with on it to drive that. Yeah, and I think from the HP GreenLake perspective, I think customers, they very much want that cloud experience. But yeah, they want to do it on their own terms. The partnership allows that to happen and happen simply. The cloud experience with the GreenLake cloud platform to really go and deliver that genuine cloud experience and then building cloud services on top of that, they get all the benefits that they would have from a public cloud experience, but done in the way that they would prefer to do it. So it's bringing those pieces together. And I think the other side of it, you asked if it was the same across the board and ubiquitous. It's very bespoke solutions that we can do. Every customer we have has a different footprint. Most of them are multi-nationals. So we think through where their data is, where it needs to be accessed, where their customers are, where their employees are, and what makes the most sense. And then the partnership we have with HPE can do a whole lot for making a very bespoke solution for that customer and help them be successful on that cloud journey. I'm sorry, yeah, so on that. Yeah, so what we've done at HPE with digital reality is we have a specific offer around how we go to market with this to really go and help customers. So we call it GreenLake with co-location. And it's all about really positioning an offer to customers that says, look, we can go and do this with you and do it simply and really make it happen very quickly and efficiently. So the customer ends up with a single contract and a single invoice for GreenLake, cloud services and the co-location piece all in one single contract. So it just makes it a lot, lot easier in terms of organizing. And a really big part of that as well is that our involvement is also spans right from the design to the implementation to support. So we do the whole thing to really help organizations go off and do this. So that's the big, for me, the big differentiator. So rather than just having GreenLake and cloud services, we're saying, look, we can now do the co-locate piece and they can really take the whole thing to a whole new level in terms of that public cloud experience. What's that? And the, sorry, and that invoice comes from HPE and digital realty is bundled into that. Correct, yeah, so we direct, we do it through the channel, we can sell that in a number of different ways, yeah? Customers get that single invoice. And a big part of that as well, just going a little bit deeper on that. So what we do is we use a part of the company called Data Center Technology Services, which are a great kind of consulting organization with tremendous experience, done something like 3,000 projects across 40 countries from the very smallest to the very largest of data center implementation. So all of that really makes the whole thing a lot easier from a customer's perspective in terms of designing, implementing, and then supporting. So you pull all of that together and it's fantastic. And I think it's really changed to add onto that partnering perspective. So customers now are thinking about it differently and data centers differently and they see us as a strategic partner along with HPE to go after this. It used to be space, power, and cooling. Now it's how much connectivity do you have? What's your sustainability profile and what's your security profile and how do you secure this data? Your data's the life-brought of all these companies and you have to have a really secure, sustainable solution for them. Right, that's absolutely critical for every industry. Talk about the specific value prop that a bespoke co-location solution delivers to customers. Maybe you've got a favorite customer example that you think really articulates the value of this partnership. Yeah, so I think there's a combination. So I think we've touched on a lot of it actually. So there's obviously the data center aspect itself in terms of, so with the footprint, the digital reality have across the world, you can pick and choose the data center and the class of data center that you want in terms of your latency and connectivity that you want. And then really it's the GreenLake piece in terms of the flexibility that you get with that really is that value. And as I touched on the GreenLake with Colo, I think for me is, from our perspective, I think the biggest piece of value that we provide there to really go make it happen, yeah? There's about 70 applications right now that are part of GreenLake Colo that you can bespoke for what you need to. You can think around your specific solutions that you need and we've got it all right there with HPE, GreenLake and Colo for us. And because we have a 290 data center footprint across 50 markets, it gives us the opportunity to really be the data center provider and the partner for HPE pretty much anywhere, but with connectivity everywhere. When you say 70 applications, are these the 70 services or are you talking about? That's what I'm talking about. Yeah, yeah, yeah. 18 categories, 70 services. There's a lot of stuff there. And Corey, when you've talked about sustainability a couple of times as a really important ingredient of the customer decision, why is it because they're indirectly paying the power bill or is it because it's the right thing to do and there's an increased, people care about it more? Because you go back a while ago and people, you know, we always talked about green IT but it was all lip service. Is that changing or is there an economic reason? It's changing in a real big way. Almost every conversation I have with customers is how are we doing sustainability? So if they're doing it on-prem, that's not their core capabilities. They don't know how to do that. On our end, I mentioned our science-based initiatives that we signed up for, right? But how do we enable that? We enable it for how do we build and design our data centers? How do we actually work them and operate them? And then how do we go after all the green sources of sustainable energy, right? Including, I think since 2015, we've issued six billion in green bonds around that same support of it. So yeah. And your customer can then, I presume, report that on their sustainability reports It's a good way to think about it is you no longer have your data center at its sometimes less efficient way than we are. We're really good at building sustainable data centers and then you can actually get some credits back and forth. Got it. And just from a GreenLake perspective, so GreenLake, so there's a specific forest impact report that looks at GreenLake and how it performs from a sustainability perspective. And GreenLake really is giving you that 30% reduction in your energy consumption. So there's a big kind of wind there as well, I think, which is then, yeah, it's very important. Why? Where does that come from? So it's in part the kind of the avoidance of over-provisioning, yeah? So that you go and right size things and then you have a certain amount of reserve capacity that you're using and then just using the extra consumption piece when you need it. So rather than having everything running at full speed, it really is kind of throttling as to how that works. So you get a combination of effects. With the consulting and the thoughtfulness around this bespoke solution that you have, you end up needing fewer servers, fewer technology. That drives less power than consumption and therefore you get a lot of this savings up. You really base it down. You talked about the savings, you talked about the simplification and from a delivery perspective. Talk about the implementation. What's the time to value that organizations can glean from this partnership? Yeah, it's super fast. So yeah, this does accelerate the whole process, yeah? From initial kind of opportunity, if you like, and customer inquiry through to actual implementation. So previously this would take considerable amount of time in terms of doing and throwing between multiple organizations. And now what we do is coordinate that to do it efficiently and effectively. So our DCTS, Data Sensor and Technology Services team, work very closely with digital reality, have those connections to go off and do those things incredibly quickly. And it does accelerate the whole timeline. And they're tied in with our team as well around where's the latency? Where are the solutions? Because we're really thinking about what does your stack look like from an HPE perspective. But then where do you need to deploy it so that you have access to the clouds? You have the right proper latency across your environment and you really have a distributed architecture that works the best for you and your company. So this is probably an answer to this question. It's probably both, but I'm asking it anyway. I've always been a repatriation skeptic, but I'm happy to be proven wrong if you guys have other data. And maybe this is part of one of my blind spots. Question is, what's driving your business in terms of the use case? Is it organizations saying, hey, we want to get out of the data center business and we don't want to put everything into the cloud, but we're going to go to digital realty and HPE and HPE GreenLake and we're going to move into that colo. Or is it people saying, oh wow, we over-rotated into the cloud and now we're going to come back? So it's both. It's both. I knew, yeah, yeah, yeah. But in the blame pie or the credit pie. I think there were a lot of customers with good intentions on going to the cloud, right? And then there's some cost with it that maybe they didn't fully factor in at that time. And now you've got the ability around these bespoke solutions to really right size every bit of this. And when they originally did it, they didn't think through a distributed architecture. They thought, my on-prem, and then I'm just going to burst everything into the cloud. That's no longer the case and it's not really the most efficient way to your point about repatriation. They start pulling their storage back in. Well, where do you want your data? Where do you want your storage? You want it as close as you can to the clouds for that capability and in a solution that's wrapped around, it makes it very simple for you. Yeah, I think that the repatriation is very real and is increasing. So we're seeing a lot of it in terms of activity and customers really trying to understand the cost that they're incurring now from a public cloud perspective and how can they do that differently? And in fact, with the combined offer that we have, it makes it a lot easier to compare. So yeah, that really is accelerating right now. Because you don't see it in the macro numbers.  And is that because your business is in transition from a traditional on-prem model to an as-a-service model and so you've got that imbalance and it gets hidden in all that. Yeah, and I think it's a new wave of things that are happening. I mean, there's a lot of things obviously that make complete sense to be in public cloud. But I do think there's been an over rotation towards it. So I think there's now that realization and it's going to take time to kind of unpick that. But it's absolutely happening. There are a lot of opportunities that we've gotten, some very big ones I'd love to talk about, but can't quite talk about them just yet. But really where there's big, big savings in terms of what they're paying from a public cloud perspective. And really what they want is that full management cloud service to go make it happen. So the combination of the data center piece, the GreenLake piece, and then some management services, whether they're from ourselves or from our partner community from managed service providers that we also work with, that gives them the complete package. So I have another premise. I mean, a lot of IT of course has traditionally been focused on internal and I feel like there's a new era coming and it talks to the ecosystem. Are you seeing customers not only running their IT in digital realty and connecting to the cloud in a hybrid fashion, but also actually building new value and building businesses that are customer facing on that, that are monetizable. Are you seeing that? Is that happening? And I don't know if you have any examples, even generic. Real basic from our perspective, our partner community, that's what they do. We have a ton of enterprise customers that all need to connect and integrate. The data that you have doesn't do anything for you if it's on its own and it's not interacting with other data points and it's not interacting with other customers, other solutions and whatnot. So yeah, it does help build out a partner community, a solution community for our customers in our data centers and across the board. Are there industry patterns emerging? In other words, is it sort of data ecosystems emerging by industry or is it sort of more horizontal? There's a mix. So I think there's a lot of financial sector stuff. Yeah, certainly. Yeah, and then certainly manufacturing, yeah. So I think it's interesting that you're getting a bit of a combination, but yeah, a lot of financial sector. Which of course, the big banks early on thought they could build their own cloud. Yeah, yeah, yeah. And now they're probably rethinking that. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Well, maybe we should. But they're also service providers when you're that large as a bank on their end. They're doing a lot of work. They're doing a lot of work. I would also say the other part that a lot of people see as an opportunity is around all the HPC and AI applications as well in addition to manufacturing, distribution. So there's a lot of use cases and a lot of reasons why customers ought to be doing this. Wrap us up with the value prop. So you're talking to a large financial services organization or a manufacturing company. What is that 30 second elevator pitch value prop of why they should go HPE GreenLake and digital realty together? So I would say GreenLake with co-location gives you a single contract, singly in voice, easy to go and design, implement, support and go make happen. Sorry, that's a very simple way of saying it. It just makes it easy. And I would just say thank you on that. It's been great to speak with you guys. And yeah, when you think through that part of it, it also is a bespoke opportunity to put your data where it needs to be closest to your customers, closest to the action. You were thinking through the repatriation of it. A lot of it's being built out there on phones and whatnot. So you've got to think through where your data is and how you manage it. It makes sense. Right, and enable every company in every industry to be a data company because that's what of course the demanding consumers demand and that demand is not going to turn down, right? No, absolutely. No, it's just accelerating. Guys, thanks so much for joining Dave. Thank you very much. Thanks for talking about what you're doing together in the ecosystem. Cheers, buddy. Good job, guys. For our guests and Dave Vellante, I'm Lisa Martin. You're watching theCUBE live from the Venetian Expo Center in Vegas, baby. Dave and I will be back with our next guest in a minute.


A very good evening aspirants. Now, before getting into the newspaper analysis, I have an interesting announcement for you to know. Yes, it is regarding your preliminary examination preparation. The orientation for this batch has already concluded and the first test will commence on next Sunday that is on 20th November 2022. Still, you have a chance to enroll in batch 3. So, those who have missed the chance to enroll already, the window to register is still open. Use it and enhance your prelims score. So, this announcement. Now, let us move on to the Hindu newspaper analysis. Today's date is 12th of November 2022. Displied here on the list of news articles that we are going to discuss today. So, without much delay, let us get into the first news article discussion. Now, look at this news article. As per the article, the regional meteorological center in Chennai has said that the low-pressure area over the Bay of Bengal is likely to cross the coast today. The meteorological center also said the low-pressure area will move westwards across Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and Kerala and this is the crux of the news article given here. So, in this context, let us briefly understand about tropical cyclones. So, what are tropical cyclones? See, tropical cyclones or violent storms that originate over oceans in tropical areas, they move over to the coastal areas bringing about large-scale destruction caused by violent winds, very heavy rainfall and strong surges. Know that the tropical cyclones are one of the most devastating natural calamities. They are known by different names in different areas. For example, they are called cyclones in the Indian Ocean, hurricanes in the Atlantic, typhoons in the West Pacific and South China Sea and willy-willies in the Western Australia. Now, let us see the conditions favorable for the formation and intensification of tropical storms. Firstly, there must be large sea surface with temperature higher than 27 degrees Celsius. Secondly, Coriolis force must be there. For those who don't know what is a Coriolis force, see the Coriolis force is an apparent force caused by the earth's rotation. To put simply, the rotation of earth about its axis affects the direction of the wind. Here, the force which is responsible for affecting the direction of the wind is called Coriolis force. Note that it has great impact on the direction of wind movement. That's why it is one of the major condition favorable for cyclone formation. The third condition is small variations in the vertical wind speed. Fourthly, there must be a pre-existing weak low-pressure area or low-level cyclonic circulation and finally there must be upper divergence above the sea level system. So, these are all some of the favorable conditions for the formation and intensification of tropical storms. Now, here you might have a question, where does the cyclone get its energy? See, the energy that intensifies the storm comes from the condensation process in the towering cumulonimbus clouds. These clouds surround the center of the storm and they provide the energy. With continuous supply of moisture from the sea, the storm is further strengthened. But it is important to know that on reaching the land, the moisture supply is cut off and the storm dissipates. The place where a tropical cyclone crosses the coast is called the landfall of the cyclone. Now, here you can look into the image of a tropical cyclone. Here remember, a mature tropical cyclone is characterized by the strong spiral circulating wind around the center. The center of the cyclone is called the eye. The diameter of the circulating system can vary between 150 and 250 kilometers. The eye is a region of calm with subsiding air. Around the eye is the eye wall. See, eye wall is a region where there is a strong spiraling ascent of air to greater height reaching the tropopass. The wind reaches maximum velocity in this region. It can also reach a high speed of 250 kilometer per hour. It is also important to note that the torrential rain occurs here. From the eye wall, rain bands may radiate and clusters of cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds may drift into the outer region. So, these are the main characteristics of tropical cyclones. Now, according to the meteorologist the diameter of the storm over the bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean is between 600 to 1200 kilometer. Also, the cyclone system can move about 300 to 500 kilometer per day. It can create storm surges and inundate the coastal lowlands. And this is why tropical cyclones are one of the most devastating natural calamities. So, these are some of the important points that you have to remember about tropical cyclones. Don't forget the conditions that are favorable for the formation and intensification of tropical storms. Since India has a tropical monsoon type climate, it is very important to know about tropical cyclones. So, with these learnt points, now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Now, take a look at this news article. See, this news article is also talking about heavy rainfall alerts. The news is that the IMD has issued heavy rainfall alerts in some districts of Tamil Nadu. Four teams of National Disaster Response Force, that is NDRF, are placed in the districts of Taini, Dindikal, Dhanilgris and Tranipet. In addition to this, commandos of the State Disaster Response Force were stationed in Chennai, Kanchipuram, Vilupuram and Koodalur. The Tamil Nadu government has also involved the community in disaster preparedness. For example, they had identified 500 youth volunteers, mostly from colleges in each district to mainly aid in the rescue and relief efforts. The fishermen community are also roped in to aid in rescue operation in vulnerable areas of Chennai. So, this is about the news article. See, in mains, if there is a question about the role and the importance of community in disaster management and mitigation, you can write the last two points mentioned in the news article as a value addition. So, enough about the news article. In this discussion, let us focus on the disaster management initiatives taken in India to combat cyclones. See, one of the first steps in cyclone-related disaster management is a good early warning system. In India, the cyclone early warning system is aided by three organizations. The Indian Meteorological Department, IMD, it has various land-based observatories. Then the Indian National Center for Ocean Information Services, in short called as INCOIS, it also has a number of ocean-based observatories. And finally, the ISRO has a network of weather satellites to monitor cyclogenesis. See, here, genesis means origin. So, cyclogenesis is nothing but origin of cyclone. Now, these organizations work in tandem to ensure the efficient monitoring of cyclones. Now, remember not just tracking off the cyclones, the information must be communicated to the people and the government officials to ensure effective preparedness. In India, we have the digital cyclone warning dissemination systems, in short called as DCWDS. Now, this DCWDS create and transmit cyclone warning messages to unmanned satellite receivers installed all along the Indian coastal line. The IMD and the state government use this information to alert the public using radio, TV, SMS and the internet. Okay. Now, the third important measure is structural mitigation measure. The structural mitigation measure starts with hazard mapping. See, once the hazard mapping is done, the area that are more prone to cyclones are provided with stricter building codes to withstand the effects of the cyclone. The hazard mapping also help with proper land use planning. In addition to this, in areas that are more prone to cyclone, proper cyclone shelters are created. Then comes the management of coastal zones. See, to reduce the impact of cyclone, proper management of coastal zones is important. Here, India has focused on building up bio shields. Bio shields are nothing but biological mechanisms for protecting coastal communities from the fury of cyclones. Mangrove forests constitute one such mechanism for safeguarding the ecological security of coastal areas and the livelihood security of fishing and farming communities living in the coastal zone. Okay. The shelter belts using mangrove are established under the National Afforestation Program, NAP scheme. The next step is awareness generation. See, creating awareness among the grassroots will result in long-lasting positive impacts. Here, India follows community-based disaster management, that is CBDM. Through this, people are imparted the knowledge regarding the do's and don'ts during disasters. Here, the knowledge regarding both mitigation and adoption are provided to the community. This helps in the long term. Here, National Cyclone Disaster Management Institute, that is NCDMI, also plays an important role. Along with collection of cyclone related information and focusing on research, the NCDMI also focuses on generation of customized warnings in local languages for community level response. So, this aids in awareness generation. Now, the final measure is disaster response. Remember, the important step involved in cyclone-related disaster management is the response of the government at the event of the cyclone. The Disaster Management Act 2005 lays down institutional and coordination mechanism for effective disaster management at the national, state, district and local levels. As mandated by this Act, the Government of India creates a multi-tired institutional system consisting of the National Disaster Management Authority, NDMA, headed by the Prime Minister, the State Disaster Management Authority's SDMAs, which is headed by the respective Chief Minister, and the District Disaster Management Authority's DDMAs by the District Collector. These bodies will facilitate a more proactive, holistic and integrative response to cyclone-related disasters. NDMA has prepared the guidelines for the management of cyclones to assist ministers and departments of the Government of India. And it also helps the state governments to ensure effective response in the event of a cyclone. So, these are all some of the important points that you have to remember with respect to India's Cyclone Disaster Management Initiatives. Very, very important points you have to make note of all these points and use it in your main answer. So, with these learned points, now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Now, take a look at this editorial article. This news article talks about the EWS verdict. The Supreme Court verdict upheld the one-third amendment to the constitution. This means there can be reservation based on economic condition and the 50% limit set by the Indra Savani case can be breached. Why? Because, as you know, EWS reservation provide a 10% reservation which is above this 50% limit. But the author says that the discrimination made by using the EWS reservation is antithetical to equality. Here, antithetical means directly opposite. That is the EWS reservation directly opposes the equality principle. In this way, the author has substantiated his view through several points. We are going to see about them in this news article discussion. Before that, the syllabus relevant to this news article is highlighted here for your reference. You can go through it. See, regarding the EWS reservation and other reservation policy, we saw it in our November 1st and November 11th Hindi newspaper analysis. So, I don't want to waste your time here. Interested aspirants go and watch those videos to get a better understanding of today's discussion. Now, let us see what the author is trying to say. See, in order to understand the abstract of the constitutional principles like right to equal treatment, personal liberty and freedom of expression and religion, interpretation of the constitutional words is very important. So, whenever a law is questioned for its constitutionality, the court does this. So, how will they interpret the constitutional words? It is done by firstly looking at the text of the provisions. Secondly, by appealing to the constitution's finest moral version. Thirdly, by studying its history. And fourthly, by applying rules and codes that have formed over time through an assertion of precedent. So, by following all these, the Supreme Court recently upheld the One Out Third Amendment Act. That is, according to the author, the court sanctioned an exclusionary and discriminatory principle by upholding the One Out Third Amendment to the Constitution. So, what does this amendment actually propose? See, this amendment altered Article 15 and Article 16 of the Constitution and it granted the state a power to provide up to 10% reservation in government jobs and educational institutions for economical weaker section of citizens that is EWS. And note that the change also mandated that the seat reserved for EWS would only apply to citizens other than classes that are already eligible for reservation. So, persons belonging to scheduled cast, scheduled type and other backward classes would not be allowed to occupy seats in the newly earmarked EWS Here, you have to recall one thing. See, Parliament's power to amend the Constitution is not unconditional. For example, in the Keswananda Bharathi v. State of Kerala case 1973, the court held that the limitations on the amending power are both implicit in the Constitution and evident from the literal meaning of the word amendment. So, if Constitution that emerges out of an amending process loses its original identity, the amending law will be deemed illegitimate. That is, Parliament's authority does not extend to damage the basic structure of the Constitution. Okay, now we have recalled this because the author says that this one or third amendment act is damaging the basic structure of the Constitution. So, now let us see the reasons quoted by the author to say that one or third amendment violates the basic structure. Firstly, according to him, reservation based on individual economic status undermines the original logic of reservations. So, what is the original logic of reservation? It is to upheld the socially and educationally backward classes right and not just uplifting the economically weaker citizens. Since reservation is not a poverty elevation program, the author says that this amendment violates the basic structure. Secondly, the amendment is discretionary because it excluded schedule to cast, schedule to tribe and OBCs from enjoying the EWS reservation. Thirdly, the author quoted that the amendment breaches the 50 percentage cap on reservations. See, just now we saw that this 10 percentage EWS reservation is given in addition to this 50 percentage cap, which is also violating the concept of equality. So, the author says that the idea of caste based or community based exclusion must be prohibited and according to him, if this Supreme Court verdict is allowed to stand, it could open a Pandoras box of constitutional mischief. That is, it might lead to a process that continuously generates many complicated problems once it is opened. So, that's all you have to know about this news article discussion. See, the author just shares his opinion. Now, you can build your own opinion about this issue. So, here if you find this 10 percentage EWS reservation is fair, you can comment why you're thinking like that in the comment section or if someone is thinking it is violating the equality principle, then you can also comment why you're thinking like that in the comment section. So, with these learned points, now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Have a look at this news article. This news article talks about Ukraine Russia issue that is going on. The news is that the Ukraine's president said that Kerson was completely Ukraine's and he said this after Russia announced the completion of its withdrawal from the regional capital. So, this is the cracks of the news article given here. Now, let us learn about the location of Ukraine in prelims perspective. Since Ukraine was in news continuously, there might be a map based question in the preliminary examination. That is why we have chosen this news article. As you know, Ukraine is the second largest country of Europe. After Russia, it is situated at the central part of Eastern Europe with its capital, Kyiv. Remember, a fully independent Ukraine emerged only late in the 20th century. This is after long periods of successive domination by Poland, Lithuania and the USSR. Now, look at this map. Here, you can see that the country is bordered by Belarus in the north, Russia in the east, the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea in the south, Moldova and Romania in the southwest and Hungary, Slovakia and Poland in the west. And note that in the far southeast, Ukraine is separated from Russia by the Ketsch Strait. The Strait connects the Sea of Azov to the Black Sea. I hope you know that a Strait is a narrow piece of sea that joins two larger seas. So, now, looking at the map itself, we can see that the country lies on the crossroads of major transportation routes from Europe to Asia and from Scandinavian states to the Mediterranean region. Now, talking about the landscape, Ukraine occupies the southwest portion of the Russian plain known as East European plain. Ukraine possesses around five percentage of the world natural resources. Now, talking about the drainage system, note that almost all the major rivers in Ukraine flow northwest to southeast through the plain to empty into the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. The neighbor river and its tributaries dominates the entire central part of Ukraine. Other rivers include the southern bow, Nester, Don, Danube, etc. Okay? Now, talking about the climate, note that Ukraine lies in a temperate climate zone influenced by more-rately warm humid air from the Atlantic Ocean. The winters in the west are considerably milder than those in the east. In summer, on the other hand, the east often experiences higher temperature than the west. Precipitation is uneven. Maximum precipitation generally occurs in June-July while the minimum falls in February. Snow falls mainly in late November and early December. Now, talking about vegetation, three main zones of natural vegetation exist. From north to south, they are the polysia that is wetland and marsh. Then comes the forest steppe. Now, also note this. During the Soviet period, rapid industrialization and interest farming resulted in destruction of the forest. Also, the 1986 accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant created severe environmental problems in northwest Ukraine. A vast area of land or contaminated by dangerous short and long-lived radioactive isotopes, notably Strontium-90. If you are really very keen to know what happened during the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant disaster, you can watch the HBO web series named Chernobyl. I believe everyone have to watch that series. Now, just watch it when you get time alone. So, in this news article discussion, we saw the location of Ukraine in detail. So, these learnt points. Now, let us move on to the next news article discussion. Now, look at this news article. It speaks about Himalayan Grey Langur. Recently, a study was conducted on diet composition of two groups of Himalayan Grey Langur. This particular study was conducted in the area, which is in and around the Kala top, Khajiar wildlife sanctuary in Himachal Pradesh. That is, one group of Langur is inhibiting the Kala top forest at an average altitude of 2396 meters and the other group is based in the Khajiar forest at an average altitude of 2188 meters. The study found that the domains of the two groups were only 208 meters apart, but the altitudinal gap made a huge difference on their diet. The Kala top group satisfied their craving by feeding on flowers, but the Khajiar group ate fruits for a change of taste and the study highlighted that the preference for fruit or flowers is due to the difference in their distribution in terms of elevation and availability of a particular plant part. So, in this context, let us learn few facts about Himalayan Grey Langur in Prelims Perspective. It is very important to know about such animals with respect to examination. Now, moving on, Langurs are an important species as they occupy a key position in the food chain of many forest ecosystems. In India, most langurs come under the genus Semnopithecus. Coming to the Himalayan Grey Langur, its scientific name is Semnopithecus Ajax. This Himalayan Grey Langur is a long tailed monkey, know that it is also known as Kashmir Grey Langur. These species can be easily identified by its large size and the silver dark coloured hair in the outer side of both the fore and high limbs. Remember, they incubate area between 2200 to 4000 meters above mean sea level in subtropical forest, then tropical moist temperate forest, alpine forest, then coniferous and broadleaved forest and they also found in scrublands. In India, earlier their distribution was reported from Himachal Pradesh and Jamon Kashmir, but now Himalayan Grey Langur are confined to the Shamba Valley of the western Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh. They are also reported to be found in Nepal and Pakistan. Now talking about their food habits, they are basically folivorous. That is, they are basically leaf eaters, but they also feed on a combination of fruits, leaves, stem, bugs, roots and flowers. Sometimes they also observed feeding on insects. The Himalayan Grey Langur is present in a particular area only during some parts of the year. They change their locality during different seasons depending upon the availability of food and environmental conditions. These langurs come to agricultural fields during the harvesting of crops and move to the deep forest during the other periods of the year. So in the recent past, it had been recorded that the langurs usually raid the crops of local farmers. This is mainly due to the destruction of langurs natural habitat and reduction in the natural food resources of this species in the forest. See, the raiding of crops by langurs causes huge economic losses to farmers. So a new kind of conflict has developed between the ecology of these animals and local farmers. Now talking about the threats to Himalayan Grey Langur, the major threat is habitat loss. That is, the expansion of human population and developmental work leads to habitat loss. Then the other threats include land degradation, land fragmentation, overgrazing, forest fire, deforestation, etc. Now talking about conservation status, they are placed in the endangered category under the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. So that's all about this news article discussion. In this news article discussion, we saw in detail about Himalayan Grey Langur. So these learnt points. Now let us move on to the next news article discussion. See this article here. See yesterday the Tamil Nadu Health Minister has inaugurated the regional Leptopyrosis Diagnostics Laboratory. It is inaugurated at the Tamil Nadu State Public Health Laboratory which is in Chennai. Know that it is one among the 10 such laboratories in the country. So this laboratory is aimed at strengthening the diagnostic facilities for Leptopyrosis. So in this context, let us learn about what is this Leptopyrosis disease. See Leptopyrosis is an infectious disease caused by pathogenic organisms. It is caused by a bacterium called Leptopyrra. Remember this Leptopyr bacteria can be either pathogenic or saprophytic. What does pathogen mean? It is nothing but the bacteria that is having the potential to cause disease in animals and humans. And the term saprophytic means the bacteria is free living and generally considered not to cause disease. Now coming back this Leptopyrosis is also categorized as zoonotic disease that is transmissible from animal to humans under natural conditions. So Leptopyrosis has the ability to affect both humans and animals. The common reservoirs of Leptopyr bacteria include cattle, buffaloes, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs and trodents. Know that the bacteria mostly live in the kidneys of these animals. Now let us see how it spreads from animals to humans. See the transmission from animal to human is mainly due to direct or indirect exposure to the urine of infected animals. So moisture is an important factor of survival of the Laptopyr bacteria in the environment. Know that the germ enters the human body through breaks in skin like scratches, open wounds or dry areas and it can also enter through nose, mouth or genitals. Now coming to the symptoms see the sign of infection in humans are usually showed within two weeks. This infected person will get a fever and the temperature of the ill person may spike to 104 degree Fahrenheit. The other typical symptom include headache, muscle ache, jaundice that is allowing of skin and eyes, vomiting, diarrhea and skin rash. Now talking about the treatment see Laptopyrosis is treated with antibiotics such as doxycycline or penicillin and it should be given early in the course of the disease. Now talking about the prevention see the following steps can be done to prevent the infection. Firstly avoiding swimming or fishing in the water that might be contaminated with animal urine. Then avoiding contact with potentially infected animals. Thirdly immunization of dogs and livestock and using disinfectants such as bleach, acid solutions and iodine around the infected animals. So these are all some of the preventive measures. Now we learned about Laptopyrosis because it is an potential fatal zoonosis disease okay. So with these learned points now let us move on to the next part of the news article discussion which is the preliminary practice question discussion. Now take a look at this question. This is a previous question. Let me read out the question for you. The 2004 tsunami made people realize that mangrove can serve as a reliable safety hedge against coastal calamities. How do mangroves function as a safety hedge and four different options are given here and the correct answer for this question is option D. The mangrove tree do not get uprooted by storms and tides because of their extensive roots. It is not because they separate the human settlement from the sea and it is not because of they provide both food and medicine which people are in need of after any natural disaster and it is not because it is tall with dense canopies and act as an excellent shelter during a cyclone or tsunami okay. Now look at this highly interwind complex root system of the mangroves. This prevent the mangrove from being uprooted by tsunami and cyclones. So the densely packed mangrove forest act as a windbreakers during cyclone and reduce the speed of water during tsunami. This prevents the damage caused by the tsunami and cyclone along the shores. So the correct answer for the question is option D. Now moving on look at this question about leptospirosis disease. It is an infectious disease caused by the virus leptospira. It is a zoonotic disease which may be transmitted from animals to humans. There is no treatment for this disease. Which of the statements given above is or correct? Option A 1 only, option B 2 only, option C 1 and 2 only and option D 2 and 3 only. See the correct answer for the question is option B 2 only. First statement is wrong. It is an infectious disease caused by bacterium called leptospira. It is not a virus and statement 2 is actually correct. It is a zoonotic disease and a potential fatal zoonosis. Now statement 3 is also wrong because leptospirosis can be treated with antibiotic like penicillin and it should be given early in the course of the disease. So the correct answer for this question is option B 2 only. Now moving on this question is about Himalayan grey langur. Statement 1 they are found all along the Himalayan mountain range in India. Statement 2 they are categorized as vulnerable under the IUC and Red List of Endangered Species. Statement 3 they inhibits an area between 2200 to 4000 meters above mean sea level in alpine and coniferous forest. Which of the statements given above is or are incorrect? Option A 1 and 2, option B 2 and 3, option C 1 and 3 and option D 1 2 and 3. See the correct answer for this question is option A 1 and 2 only because it asks for only incorrect statement. Here statement 1 and 2 are incorrect because it is not found all along the Himalayan mountain ranges in India because earlier it is found in Jamun Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. But now they are confined to Chamba Valley of Himachal Pradesh. Statement 2 is also wrong. They are placed in the endangered category under the IUC and Red List of Endangered Species. It's not vulnerable. Okay. Then about statement 3 we saw that in our discussion itself this statement is actually correct. So the correct answer for this question is option A 1 and 2 only. So now moving on the two questions displayed here or the practice quiz questions for you today. Just try to answer the question. So if you have listened to our video properly you can easily answer these two questions. Just post your answer in the comment section. The main practice question for today's discussion is displayed here. You can write an answer and post it in the comment section. I hope we have extensively covered a lot about this topic in our Hindu newspaper analysis. So with this we came to the end of the news article discussion. If you like the video hit like, do comment and don't forget to subscribe to Shankar Reyes Academy YouTube channel. Thank you for listening.


Different sets of skills are very important. Skills in livestock production or animal husbandry is very important. Facilitation scale is important. Knowledge management is important. Teamwork or team building scale is very important. Planning is also very important. Documenting lessons is also very important. So somebody who wants to work in this innovation system for respect, needs to have both technical skills in his field of specialization and horizontally he has to have some additional skills, social skills. And you learn those from Ilri or do you have them before you come to Ilri? Definitely I learned from engaging myself in this kind of project. Otherwise previously I was in the university, I was a lecturer and all I bothered about was just to have better knowledge and technical know-how in my field of specialization as agriculture economics. Now I have to deal with number of issues which was not formally given in schools or in any university.


What's up everyone, it's your girl, Kenzie here from Layton Sports Cards and we are ripping 2022 Topstime and Icons Baseball, hobby one box break number 36, random hit style. How this is going to work is we're going to go ahead and open up the product, go through the hits as I go through them, Sam's going to type them into a Google sheet. After we go through all the hits, we are then going to use a randomizer to randomize both the names of those in the break with the hits. So we'll match them up and read off what you get. Best of luck everyone. Thanks again so much for getting this filled up. Now we got to give some love to some definitive, another high-end, great baseball product. Up next, 16 to go on that random team style. Three box case break. So let's get that one filled up again, breaks next, 16 to go, there's a link for you. All right, we got our card there. First hit up, we've got, how about a Ken Griffey Jr. patch 7 of 10. Ken Griffey Jr. 7 of 10. Got a cut auto up next. Cut auto, four of four of Bobby Richardson on the cut auto. Bobby Richardson, let's see, played in the major leagues for the Yankees from 55 to 66. Batting and throwing right-handed formed a top double play combination with fellow Yankee infielder, Boyer and Tony Quebec. That's another old school hit there. Four of four on the cut auto. Cool one there. Good luck everyone on that one. And we've got 19 to 25 auto, my trout. Boom. Going fishing and we caught ourselves a trout. 19 to 25. Good luck on that one everybody. We'll mag the trouts. Up next, one of one. For the Red Sox, Dustin Padroia patch auto. Boom. Another one. Love these one of one. Oh my gosh. I told y'all we were going to pull something out of one of these boxes and how about both of them? What a box so far. Griffey Jr., a cut auto, a trout, a padroia. And how about this one? One of one. Dual patch auto can. Griffey Jr. Oh my goodness. Killer in four color. One of one Griffey. Huge hit. Wow. He signed that one really big too. Wow, wow, wow. Good luck on this one too. My goodness. That is an amazing car. We'll mag that as well. Oh there's WNBA tonight at 10. Oh good. Now we've got 10 of 25 auto. Shane Bieber. Shane Bieber. 16 of 25 auto. I get some from you when you get a second. We've got red ink, red card. Five of five will clark. Beautiful card there. I love the red ink with the red cards. Five of five red ink will clark. And we've got four out of 25. Nomar Garcia Para auto. Four out of 25. Nomar Garcia Para. Another legend here. Four of ten. I have my little Miggie Cabrera there for the Tigers. Four of ten. We've got a redemption. Autograph jumbo patch black parallel of Aaron Nola. Black parallel. The golds are one of one, right? Black might be the ten or so. I think ten now. Autograph jumbo patch black parallel of Aaron Nola. And we do have 11 cards in this box as well. Last hit we've got red ink. Nine of ten. Orioles legend. Nine of ten. Cal Ripken Jr. on the red ink. Nice hit there. All right, so let's see. The Griffey patch is probably one of the bottom two, right? Yeah, probably that. Probably either the private Bieber. Shane Bieber auto. Yeah. All right, again, since there were 11 hits, we are going to pair the bottom two hits together for one person. So again, it's going to be the Griffey Jr. patch seven of ten and the Shane Bieber auto. These are just little fillers. Let me get this copied into the randomizer. Ten and ten there. All right, let's go ahead and randomize the names. Roll our dice. Snake Eyes is a re-roll. Roll 11 times. Here we go. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven. Peter M. down to John A. 11 times on the hits. Good luck, everyone. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven. Griffey Jr. patch and Shane Bieber auto. Out of 25. Down to the Dustin Padreau patch auto. One of one. All right, so we got Peter M. taking home the two cards together. Griffey Jr. patch seven of ten and the Shane Bieber auto. Out of 25. Kapustin M. with the Aaron Nola black patch auto redemption. John G. with the Bobby Richardson cut auto. Four of four. John A. with the Maggie Cabrera auto. Four of ten. Christopher L. taking on the Trout auto. Out of 25. There you go, Christopher. Kapustin M. with the No Margar. Siapara auto. Four of 25. Michael N. with the Will Clark red ink auto. Five of five. Andrew B. taking home the Griffey Jr. dual patch auto. One of one. Hugh Mungus hit there for you, Andrew. Congrats again on that one. And John A. with the Dustin Padreau patch auto. One of one. So a couple of one of one's auto's coming out of there. Thanks again, everyone, so much. And I'll post the link in chat for you. Congrats. And we'll get these right out to you.


So the first question is why learn about drugs? It's not our problem. Is it people want to take these things doctors want to prescribe them? We're not doctors. We don't need to know about that. Do we? Well, actually we do in the first case many of our patients will be taking them I often call this the pharmacentric society. These things are being pushed at us Constantly and for most people drugs are medicines and medicine is drugs So when they have something wrong with them, they get a pain They get a problem of some kind. They either go to their doctor or they go to the pharmacist and they buy these things and many patients I would say most patients are used to using drugs on a fairly regular basis either over the counter as we say Self-medicating or because they've been prescribed them for specific problems by their medical practitioner Secondly drugs always and I repeat always change the symptom picture and Have effects of course side effects that we also need to be aware of but this change of the symptom picture is vitally important If you have pain and are using pain relief if you have high blood pressure and are taking hypotensive drugs to take that blood pressure down then Those symptoms will change and they will not be Detectable to you as a practitioner even if you have your stethoscope and your sphidmomanometer Handi to take that blood pressure you're going to find it normal But you are going to need to know that that's being artificially controlled because point number three Herbs may interact with drugs and actually cardiovascular drugs Blood pressure drugs etc are amongst the first line of drugs that we need to be aware that there are several herbs that might interact with them And we don't want to cause any additional pain and suffering any additional Unwanted symptoms and we don't necessarily want to interfere with the patient's Treatment program that they're being given from their doctor now We will be covering how we might intervene to help patients perhaps who want to come off their medication Now this is the thing we can do Responsibly if we know how and we will be training you to do that But we're going to show you a little flowchart later on in the slideshow that describes How we might help somebody who's not happy about being on pharmaceutical medication And number four point number four here it enables us to give our patients the best advice Which foods which supplements and which herbal remedies of course are safe to take alongside Pharmaceutical medication If you enjoyed this video, please give it a like and subscribe below so you don't miss any future content To learn more about CNM or its courses head to www.naturopathy-uk.com


Last March, Florida Governor Ron DeSantis signed the Don't Say Gay Bill into law, which banned classroom discussions about sexuality and gender identity for grades K through 3. Now, the problem with the law, aside from it being inherently discriminatory against LGBTQ plus people, is that it was very vaguely written and the parameters were never actually outlined by the legislature or the governor, which led to outright discriminatory outcomes for counties who were trying to be cautious and not violate the law. For example, officials in Orange County reportedly warned teachers to remove photographs of their same-sex spouses just to be safe, just to make sure that they complied with the law. The question is, what actually is and isn't appropriate under these weird circumstances because if you reference a student's mommy and daddy, well, you're technically using gendered words to reference sexuality because, believe it or not, heterosexuals and cisgender people also have sexualities and gender identities. But nobody really knew what was and wasn't illegal, but they had an idea that the goal obviously was to censor anything related to LGBTQ plus people, but fast forward to April of this year and, well, don't say Gay was expanded to all K through 12 grades. And this came after DeSantis initially defended the law because it was narrow in its scope. Let's watch. It says advanced classroom instruction on sexual identity and gender orientation. For who? For grades pre-K through three. So five-year-olds, six-year-olds, seven-year-olds, and the idea that you wouldn't be honest about that and tell people what it actually says, it's why people don't trust people like you because you peddle false narratives. Give a fascist an inch and they will take a mile. But now the don't say Gay law has been expanded by Florida's Board of Education and the procedural notice period required for regulatory changes like this is seemingly over since a fifth grade teacher is now under investigation by the Florida Department of Education, all because she showed her students a Disney movie. Yeah, so as Tallahassee reports, at a Hernando County School Board meeting Tuesday, fifth grade teacher Jenna Barbie alleges school board member Shannon Rodriguez reported her to the Department of Education for showing her students Disney's 2022 movie, Strange World. It's the first Disney movie with an out Gay character. Hernando County School District confirmed a fifth grade teacher is being investigated for showing Strange World and that a parent complained to the principal about the movie not being appropriate for students. Rodriguez, who was elected to the school board last fall, was endorsed by conservative parents' rights group Moms for Liberty. In her short tenure, she has argued that there is smut and porn on schools library shelves and has asked for books to be removed according to Suncoast's news. Yeah, she sounds like a very sane and reasonable school board member who should definitely be in that position. Now, I've never heard of this movie, but I looked it up, watched the trailer for it, and it looks like every other Disney cartoon or Dreamworks cartoon.   But because apparently one of the characters, he references a crush that he has on a male character. Well, that apparently makes it some sort of LGBTQ plus pride piece.   Now, this is a first year teacher and she said that administrators told her that the main approval method for movies if she wanted to show one was to get that permission slip signed by every single parent. And unless there's no objections raised, you can play these movies. There's no Christian court currently to submit approval to, at least yet in Florida, so she thought that it was fine since not only the parents signed the permission slips, but they cited no specific objections. So she talked about how there was one parent who wrote on the permission slip that they don't want their child to watch the Buzz Lightyear movie, but that child moved away, right? So she didn't play that movie, by the way, she respected the desires of these parents. Furthermore, the teacher, she thought it was appropriate to play this movie because as she's going to explain in this TikTok that we're about to watch from her, the movie itself was relevant. She wasn't trying to indoctrinate children into LGBTQ plusism. She played the movie because it was related to the course material. Let's listen. So I chose this movie because it relates to our curriculum. Our unit at the time was earth science and ecosystems and how they interact, plants, humans, animals. So this movie is perfect. My thought process was what a better way to showcase all these standards, along with huge lessons of overcoming differences, spreading kindness, communication, and chasing your dreams. A lot of which were in our social-emotional Florida best standards as well. Is a character in the movie LGBTQ? Absolutely. Is that why I showed it? No. I have a lot of fifth grade students who have come to me this year long before showing this movie talking about how they're part of that community as well. And it's not a big deal to me, so I just said, okay, that's awesome. Do you? Not pushing anything, just being accepting. That's what I do. Does that have anything to do with why I showed it? Not in the slightest. The LGBTQ aspect of the movie, they're harmless. It's just a talked-about crush. And it's only a couple lines in total scene time of just over two minutes. The parents in the movie kiss a lot. And that wasn't even brought up. And that's the issue. I also want to bring up the fact that none of my students cared or batted an eye. They didn't even know this was a big deal until the board member and the state made it a big deal. They're using it against me saying they're protecting the children and it's for their safety. But what is this actually showing them? Their teacher showed a movie to help them connect to our curriculum and learn some valuable life lessons. But the minor representations that have nothing to do with the movie are such a big deal that now admin is in their room, pulling their teacher out, calling the students one by one down to the office to interrogate them in the middle of my lessons. And now there is an investigator from the Florida Department of Education coming to pull my students out of class again to investigate them individually. And by the way, they don't even have to have assigned parent permission slip for that. This investigator is allowed to come and pull them out and a letter got sent home to some of the students. But I doubt a lot of my parents are even going to get it. And if they don't call and object, the interrogator is allowed to just pull them out. Do you know the trauma that that is going to cause to some of my students? They are fifth graders. Some of them can barely come up and have a conversation with me and are just getting comfortable with me and now an investigator is allowed to come and interrogate them? Are you kidding me? The outrage.  But because she played a Disney movie that was relevant to the lesson because the movie is about exploring a planet looking at the flora and fauna and they were learning about earth science and whatnot. Well, she got penalized for it. She's being investigated for it. And also she wanted to play the movie because she wanted to give the kids a break because they were doing standardized testing. I mean, we shouldn't even have to justify it, right?  But not only is she now being investigated but every single student is being pulled out of the classroom and being interrogated essentially about the inappropriate content that they were subjected to.  Okay, this is not a healthy learning environment and it is brazenly discriminatory against LGBTQ plus people and it's unconstitutional. But this is happening in the state of Florida because Ron DeSantis has dictated that everyone has to abide by his will. He has determined for all parents what is and isn't appropriate for the kids of Florida. He also removed in African-American studies AP course, books have been pulled from shelves and in true or welly and fashion, Ron DeSantis has declared that Florida is the freest state in the country. Yeah, and also war is peace and freedom is slavery according to Ron DeSantis. Now, I'm going to link you to the full TikTok posted by this teacher. It's too long to watch all of it on this show. It's about six minutes long. So I'd highly recommend that you watch it because you can tell just by that six minutes that this teacher is a very wholesome person and she genuinely cares about her students and she's motivated by altruism.  Now, she's going to explain here that if she knew that this film would have posed a problem or that a parent would have objected to it, she wouldn't have played the film and with this conversation that she had with the school board member who turned her in, the school board member, according to her account, seemingly realized that, oh, I didn't actually have to turn her in.  But let's listen to her retell the conversation. That school board member is currently on a rampage to get rid of every form of representation out of our schools. She even spent days this past week going to all the high schools to get rid of anything that had to do with representation whatsoever.  So the school board member called the Department of Education on me for indoctrination before ever coming to our school to talk with me or admin about the situation. When she did come to our school, she came as a school board member and our principal said, no, you can come as a concerned parent but then you need a schedule meeting. So she did. She came and later that day and admin was in and out of my room, pulled me out, a lot of, a lot of. And we had a meeting and I understood her perspective that, okay, she really doesn't want this sewn at her house. I never saw that perspective before. So I didn't think it was a big deal, but seeing how upset she was, I told her, I understand my lesson. That's that. But come to find out, she had already reported me and there was nothing she can do about it. So it seemed like the school board member didn't realize that she could just talk to the teacher and maybe she'd understand.  This is unhinged behavior. This is not healthy behavior. This is instability. This is unhinged nonsense.  We've had this conversation for decades now and if you don't know, then you're just stupid. It's not a choice. If you don't believe me, test it out for yourself. Try to live as a gender that you don't identify with or sleep with someone of the same sex and if you don't like it, then you're proving that you can't be indoctrinated into it. It's not like an acquired taste.  These things are innate. But the bigger issue also is that there are LGBTQ plus students who are going to feel as if they are inferior to their cis and straight peers because of this law.  Imagine being a trans student feeling like public enemy number one if your identity gets out.  It's just, it's so sad this isn't an environment conducive to learning even for cis and straight kids as well. It's just a toxic environment that Ron DeSantis has cultivated all throughout Florida. But last year when we warned people about the dangers of the Don't Say Gay Law and how it would inevitably devolve into an LGBTQ plus witch hunt, everyone accused us at the time of being hyperbolic. And now we're calling the GOP's anti-trans witch hunt a genocide and we're being accused of hyperbole again. But it's always been this way. We've always been accused of being too emotional, too hysterical, chicken little. Even in the 80s during the AIDS crisis gays pleaded with the Reagan administration to take that seriously but they were literally laughed off. They were literally laughed off as they were dying. So what I want to say to everyone is maybe listen to LGBTQ plus people's warnings for once before it's too late again.


Hi. Welcome to the session. I am Deepika here. Let's discuss the question. Construct our 2 by 2 matrix. A is equal to aij whose elements are given by Part 1 aij is equal to i plus j whole square upon 2. Part 2 aij is equal to i upon j. Part 3 aij is equal to i plus 2j whole square is upon 2. Now let's start the solution. Part 1 aij is equal to i plus j whole square upon 2. Let's start the solution. In general, a 2 by 2 matrix is given by a is equal to a11, a12, a21, a22. Now aij is equal to i plus j whole square upon 2 where i is equal to 1 and 2 and j is also equal to 1 and 2. Therefore for a11 we will put i is equal to 1 and j is equal to 1 that is a11 is equal to 1 plus 1 whole square upon 2 which is equal to 2. Now for a12 we will put i is equal to 1 and j is equal to 2 that is a12 is equal to 1 plus 2 whole square upon 2 which is equal to 9 by 2. Now for a21 we will put i is equal to 2 and j is equal to 1 that is a21 is equal to 2 plus 1 whole square upon 2 which is equal to 9 by 2. And for a22 we will put i is equal to 2 and j is equal to 2 we get a22 is equal to 2 plus 2 whole square upon 2 which is equal to 8. Hence the required matrix is given by a is equal to 2, 9 by 2, 9 by 2, 8. This is our answer for the part 1. Let's move to the part 2. Part 2, aij is equal to i upon j solution. In general a2 by 2 matrix is given by a is equal to a11, a12, a21, a22. Now aij is i upon j therefore a11 is equal to 1 upon 1 which is equal to 1, a12 is equal to 1 upon 2, a21 is equal to 2 upon 1 which is equal to 2, a22 is equal to 2 upon 2 which is equal to 1. Hence the required matrix is given by a is equal to 1, 1 by 2, 2, 1. This is the answer for this part. Now let's move to the third part. Part 3, aij is equal to i plus 2j whole square upon 2. In general 2 by 2 matrix is given by is equal to a11, a12, a21, a22. Now aij is equal to i plus 2j whole square upon 2. Now for a11 we will put i is equal to 1 and j is equal to 1 that is 1 plus 2 into 1 whole square upon 2 which is equal to 9 by 2. Now for a12 we will put i is equal to 1 and j is equal to 2 that is a12 is equal to 1 plus 2 into 2 whole square upon 2 which is equal to 25 upon 2. Now for a21 we have 2 plus 2 into 1 whole square upon 2 which is equal to 8. Now for a22 we have 2 plus 2 into 2 whole square upon 2 which is equal to 18. Hence the required matrix is given by a is equal to 9 by 2, 25 by 2, 8, 18. This is the answer for this part. Hope you have enjoyed the session. Bye and take care.


I'd like to start with Olivier Blanchard to give us his views on the transatlantic economy in the United States and Europe where we have funny times really for an economist. We have ultra low interest rates, we have full employment in many countries, the U.S. for example, Germany, Japan essentially, and we have almost no inflation. The big question is how can we explain that? Is this going to last? What are governments to do about that? Please Olivier. Thank you for the excessively kind and optimistic remarks. It's a pleasure to be back. I always enjoyed this meeting. I came last year and enjoyed it. I thought that I would focus my remarks on macroeconomics, macroeconomics rather than geopolitics at least in the first round. This reflects comparative advantage or comparative disadvantage with respect to geopolitics. And I would focus on the high-income economies as you indicated because others on the panel are much more competent than me to talk about the rest of the world. I want to focus on what I see as two fundamental forces shaping the economy of advanced economies and by implication the world economy. So the first one really doesn't have much to do with geopolitics of global and it is the advent of extremely low interest rates. Now that's much more than a technical issue. I think it's really a regime change which is going to have profound implications for policy and the way policy is made in the next decade or so. Now the first thing to say is interest rates are amazingly low. As you know the yield curve, the structure of interest rates looking forward for the eurozone is negative up to 25 years, which has never been seen. Very similar in Japan, not very far from this in the US, so this is a global phenomenon. And there is every indication that it's going to stay. Some people say well tomorrow morning rates will go up again. But if you look, this is really something which started in the mid-80s and has basically steadily taken place over time and the factors behind are probably there to stay. So I think we have to think of the world in which we're going to be exposed to very low interest rates. Now why is this important beyond macroeconomics, beyond just the narrow aspect? It is because it has implications for monetary and fiscal policy. It basically says that monetary policy has been the instrument that governments have used over the last 40, 50 years to try to direct the economy, make it operated for employment or something close. And we've come to the end of what monetary policy can do. You see it in the discussions that took place in the eurozone two weeks ago. There's an increasing notion that we've done everything we can. And therefore monetary policy cannot be used. So the main instrument that governments have had to basically counter fluctuations is really not operative. And so the implication is, well, what else do we have? Unfortunately, the answer is what makes things really bad for monetary policy makes things really good for fiscal policy, which is that the cost of borrowing is very low, the cost of deficits, the economic cost of deficits is very low. And so there's more space. But the big issue is that from a policy point of view, monetary policy and fiscal policy are conducted in very different ways. The second process is much more political, much more complex. And I think that the issue we're going to face is whether fiscal policy is going to be used right. And there's a risk that it is not. I'm looking at you, not at you as such, but you as a German, to think that there may well be an issue. And I think that in thinking about what could happen if we have adverse shocks and things like this, this is really first order. This is not the only implication of low rates. It has implications for inequality, for example.  And this has political implications. So that was the first force. I put it on, you know, it's not related to China, although China has played a role in the low rates. But I think it's really something we have to think about. So the second one, the second force that I want to talk about, is this nexus between inequality, populism, protectionism, which gets us closer to issues related to China. The facts on inequality are really striking. And inequality measured all kinds of ways, really has decreased until the 1980s in most advanced economies. And it has turned around to different degrees. Maybe U.S. obscenely so. In France, actually, not very much. But the perception of people is that inequality matters a lot. And therefore, even in France, it is a major issue. And this is going to bring a number of pushbacks, reactions, which may be tractable or may be intractable. It's going to lead to a pushback in terms of capital taxation. I think we have to be ready for a world in which wealth is going to be taxed more heavily, in which corporations are going to be taxed more heavily. This may happen smoothly. This may not. The OECD just came out with a plan to have corporate taxation organized at the world, at the global level. And I think that's progress. But I think this is going to be a big challenge. Capital is not going to have it easy. And that has both economic and political implications. The one that I want to focus on and finish my remarks with is the protectionism aspect, the trade wars, which is clearly not triggered only by inequality, but is part of a general reaction against the way things have been running. And here I want to make a number of points. The first one is the mechanical effects of tariffs. It's actually from a macroeconomic point of view, not a big deal. When we crank our models and we put tariffs in, well, you have changes in relative prices, but they don't do a whole lot. And the reason is for a typical country, exports go down, but imports go down as well, which means more of it comes from domestic production. So you have fine demand which decreases, domestic demand which increases. Reallocation is a bit tough, but you don't get big effects. So if this was the only... We had agreed, basically, to put tariffs once and for all. I would not like it, but it would not be the end of the world. We would not create a recession. What is much more worrisome in the short run is the induced effect on investment, which, and that comes not so much from the tariffs, but from the uncertainty which has come with the trade wars, with international relations. Because if you do not know whether there's going to be a tariff on country X or on good Y, you basically wait. Now, from your point of view, waiting three months or six months is not a big issue. But when, you know, many firms do this, you can have a collapse of investment due to the option value of waiting, and that can be very costly. And that's what we're starting to see, to different degrees. We've seen it. It took a while to happen in the U.K. with Brexit, but it's happening. Basically, firms are just waiting, waiting for the next elections in the U.S., waiting for various things. So this is really the, in the short run, the thing which worries me. In the long run, there are big effects. And basically, we're seeing global trade decrease, and that really, what we're seeing is de-globalization in effect. Not only because of that, not only because of tariffs, but security issues. You may not want to import fridges or refrigerators if they have some embedded component which allows some foreign country to actually know what is in your fridge. So we may see a drastic decrease in trade. Carbon tax is not going to help. It becomes costly to actually have goods travel large distances. Political uncertainty may make you want to deal with supplies in countries close to you, rather than in Asia, for example. I think all this may well happen. And this has major implications. For the short run, not sure. I'll finish with what people always ask me, which is, well, are we going to have a recession? And I think that I've given my answer to it, which is we're probably going to get an effect on investment, which then may lead to pessimism and consumption going down. So it could happen. In the case of the U.S., I do not think so because we have an administration who seems quite indifferent to spending. And therefore, if needed, my guess is that they'll do the wrong thing, but for the right purposes in this case, you will see a fiscal expansion. I'm much more worried about Europe, where fiscal has many more strings attached and I'm not sure that they'll do the right thing. So my guess is probably not a slowdown, probably a slowdown, probably not a recession. But again, I want a footnote. It could happen if things get worse. I'll stop there. Thank you very much. Talking about Germany, we believe at the Kiel Institute that we are in a recession. The third quarter in Germany had negative growth, the second quarter too. So technically speaking, we're in a recession in Germany already and that, of course, drag is a drag on the entire eurozone and EU economies. I've seen Naoki Tanaka who wants to jump in and why not I have my order, but I'm flexible and think how eager you are to comment. Please, go ahead. May I continue the ineffectiveness of monetary policy which presented by Professor Bransher. So the Japanification of monetary phenomena are now spreading in the world, in Europe and North America. So when we see the negative interest rate, I think John Hicks mentioned about almost zero natural rate of interest. So he, Mr. John Hicks mentioned the bad harvest in Ireland in 19th century. At that time, farmers didn't want to borrow money in order to seed, in order to sow seeds. So that's the phenomena of natural interest rate is almost zero. At that time, monetary policy will not work. So these are the situations we are now observing. So in this situation, fiscal expenditure will be very important if we face very deep recession. In the case of Japan, from this month, our government raised consumption rate, consumption tax rate in order to face the next very difficult situation. So in the very near future, monetary policy will not work in developed countries. So another measure should be considered if we have to face the very difficult situation in the management of the demand. That's my understanding. Thank you, Okie. I think there is quite some consensus here, at least amongst the two of you that fiscal policy has more to do, certainly in Europe.