Do we need to be afraid of gophers and moles in the garden, or can we take advantage of the unique skills in order to improve our soil? I'm Matt, coming at you from Farm For All, and in this video I'm going to look at some of the techniques that I use in order to essentially herd gophers and moles around the garden so that they can improve our heavy clay and rock-filled soil while protecting my plants at the same time. Let's do it. Why do people have such an antagonistic relationship with gophers and moles? For some it's aesthetic, with all of these little mounds of soil popping up all over the lawn and garden, it can be a bit of an eyesore. Stay tuned to the end of the video and I hope I can convince you to relax your prejudices just because of how beneficial these animals can be. The thing that's on more of our minds, I'm sure, is, ah, they're eating my plants! I've got a solution for that. But first, let's take a look at why exactly our soil conditions are creating the conditions that are right for gophers and moles to begin with. Think about it, you can't make tunnels in light and airy soil, it just collapse. If you're seeing signs of gophers and moles, what you need to understand is that you have enough soil compaction to support their tunnels, and that's ultimately the problem we're trying to solve. So how exactly do gophers improve the soil? As you can see right here, they do a pretty good job of relieving compaction. Check out how nice and loose this is compared to even just the hard ground right next to it. Because most of this decompaction is happening underground, it's preserving the plant life and mulch that's on the surface of the soil. And unlike with traditional tilling, you don't end up with a very fine, dusty layer of soil on the top, which ends up just getting re-compacted and even compacted worse any time it rains or irrigation is applied. The second thing that's improved by these tunnels is water infiltration. Typically with hard compacted soils, the water just runs off the soil surface and doesn't get down to your plant's roots where it can do some good. With these tunnels, the water sinks right in, gets down to the root level and ultimately recharges groundwater. Just like we typically do with larger earthworks like swales and ponds, in this case we're doing it on a micro level. Third of all, rodents poop. A lot. If you've ever kept rabbits or guinea pigs, you know that they poop a lot and you probably also know that their poop is one of the best fertilizers that money can buy. That is, you can find anyone who's willing to part with something so amazing for something as pedestrian as cash. So that's what gophers and moles do to improve soil. They relieve compaction, they infiltrate water and they increase fertility. But what about the elephant in the room? How do we keep them from destroying our plants? First of all, we can track the direction that gophers and moles are headed because every few days amount of soil will appear and the newest one is going to have a hole just like this one. And so we can figure out where the mole is now versus where it came from and use that to determine the general direction that they're headed in. What I've discovered is that if they're heading towards a plant that we want to protect, there are a couple of easy techniques to encourage them to change direction. For starters, we want to find the hole that's heading towards the plants we want to protect and we just want to stomp the soil back into it to refill it. And the other thing we want to do is apply our secret ingredient. If you already watched my previous video on protecting germinating peas, then you already know what that secret ingredient is, urine.  I'll go ahead and link that video at the end so you can watch it if you haven't already. It's a game changer with moles and gophers. I have this young blueberry right here that my gopher friend was heading right towards and I know it's kind of hard to tell now that we've come in and molested it this past weekend, but I used this technique and I don't know if you can see it now, but there are all these holes here that the gopher left as it was moving away from the blueberry. So this technique totally worked to discourage them from hanging out over here next to my plants. I've got this blueberry here, some strawberries, another blueberry, way back there I've got a honeyberry and some multiplier onions and almond, definitely stuff that I don't want him not on the roots of. So let's put why this works into terms that we can understand as humans. Imagine you're working on a big project, maybe you're writing something big for work or working on spreadsheets or editing video, some big project and your computer crashes and you lose hours and hours or days worth of work. How eager are you to jump right back in and do that work all over again? If you're like me, not very eager. You need at least a couple of days to just take a breather then you can jump back in and do it. The other thing, imagine you're going on a hike and imagine you're seeing lots of signs of cougar activity or worse there have been reports of cougar attacks on humans. If you know that they're in an area, how likely are you to go hike there? Probably not very likely. You're going to choose a safer spot. That's basically what we're accomplishing with these techniques. First of all, we're making it a waste of their time to put tunnels where we don't want them. We're going to smash them in anywhere that they put them that we don't want them. By creating a clear boundary that they can smell and learning to associate that smell with getting their tunnels smashed in, they're going to avoid anything that we've clearly designated as ours. It's basic. It takes a lot of work to dig these tunnels and it requires lots of food and energy to do it. So they don't want to do work that's just going to end up going to waste. To reiterate, gophers improve soil compaction, water infiltration and even soil fertility and we can take advantage of these unique skills by leaning on the inherent laziness and fear of all animals. While the gopher might be annoyed and inconvenienced by our actions, they at least get to live another day and we can live in harmony with them while enjoying all of the benefits that they provide. I'm Matt here at Farm For All. I hope this video has been helpful and thank you for watching. Subscribe to the channel now for future permaculture experiments and then select one of these videos to continue the journey.


Chico, I think we should distinguish good debt from bad debt. Okay. Yeah, agree. Korea's seven. Also, what is your feelings on inflation being understated? It's extremely understated. Inflation is way higher than two to three percent that they're stating. Gaylord, how are you doing? Good debt and bad debt. Good debt? See, there's a couple of ways we have to distinguish this curious. There's certain type of debt that you can accumulate that if you can't pay it back or declare bankruptcy is wiped clean. There's certain debt that you can't do that with. However, that's certain debt that you can't do that with. Education is part of that. So spending money to get an education is a good idea, but that debt, depending if you got it from the government, is never wiped out. So if you're not able to pay that pretty rapidly, you're into debt servitude. So spending money on it is good. Getting an education is good, but the type of debt you're accumulating is brutal. And that law came into effect in the United States in 2005. We'll look into it. That was before the 2007-2008 financial collapse. However, everyone in the background that was looking at the news coming so they passed laws to prevent people from going bankrupt. They made bankruptcy more difficult. There's money you can spend buying yachts, going to bars, going on trips up the yin and yang, buying jet planes, buying fast cars and crashing them. That's wasted money. You could go into debt for that. What a waste of money. However, you can declare bankruptcy the debt free. So again, that's what a waste of money, but then it's easy money. You can write it off. The good debt, bad debt is becoming trickier to navigate.


This is Think Tech Hawaii, Community Matters here. Hey Aloha and welcome to Stanley Energy Man today, wrapping up November already. Thanksgiving's next week. Where did this year go? I just don't know. Anyway, we've wrapped up some technical difficulties here so we're starting it over again and I think we've got that covered but apologies for last week not being able to connect in from California like we planned. We tried about six different ways and just couldn't pull it off. Next week I'll talk a little bit more about what we did in Long Beach. It was a great conference with a couple important segments to it but overall if I could say one thing it's just that hydrogen is starting to really take off in Europe on the mainland and particularly in Asia and you can see a lot more things starting to happen in Hawaii with hydrogen I can guarantee you. So we're going to pick up here on today's show with a guest that's on regularly. He's on actually the third Friday of every month with me here on Stanley Energy Man and last month he was talking to Rachel about electrification of the transportation sector which includes adding more electricity demand to the grid, dealing with as the grid tries to absorb more renewables, potentially putting some storage on the grid with cars that are plugged into the grid, things like that and they just got the discussion started.  The engineers on the Hydrogen Council all stood up and started waving their hands and one of them said, yeah, you can't spell geek without a double E and they were all happy that we have a governor here in Hawaii that understands all this technology. So Ryan Willbins is my favorite local double E geek and he and I love to talk about everything electrical and hydrogen and the way we can solve all Hawaii's problems. So Ryan, thanks for joining me today even if it's over the phone and we've got our picture up on the screen now and it looks like we're twin brothers about 40 years apart with me being the older one obviously and the bearded one but thanks for being with us today. Thanks, thanks for having me. It's nice to know that I've got a lot to look forward to as I age. Yes, you know, how handsome you're going to be in 40 years? Oh, I can't wait. Okay, well let's get started with talking about where you and Rachel left off last month with electrification of the transportation sector and talk a little bit about some of the impacts you got. You envision as an electrical engineer looking at large projects and looking at how the grid overall is going to be reacting to all this new infrastructure that's going to have to be put in to take care of electric vehicles, plug-in electric vehicles, hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles, the rail project we have coming up and all those things. Absolutely. So our last meet with Rachel was a great conversation and show if you haven't seen it I highly recommend you go back and check that out. We got into a conversation about the utilization of the current transportation industry and how that transitions into a renewable transportation, so sourced by mainly electric vehicles sourced by either batteries or hydrogen in that manner. So we were getting a conversation that you don't necessarily need to be when you make a road wire and allow a lot more traffic to flow, that just means more overall energy consumption even if it's gas or diesel that the equations the same you're allowing just a lot more to happen whereas I think the push would be more towards the smarter side if it's automated vehicles then we can be smarter with how we use our current infrastructure be a lot more efficient with the energy that we're consuming at that time. That was the last conversation I think it pairs well into today's conversation where we talk about what does that really look like as we start to electrify the transportation? What do we have to do to really allow that to happen from an infrastructure standpoint? It's not like the roads really have to change because the car is just a car as electric vehicles travel on our roads today but the grid is what's supporting the energy that's being consumed by these vehicles and the grid today is just not built to facilitate that today. So we would have to make an immediate change if we're going to support full-on 100% electrical vehicles. Okay, so like we've talked about this before one of the first things that you do is you go for efficiency so to your point that you know we don't want to make more roads and bigger roads to accommodate more traffic what we want to do is try for efficiencies first in the system and try and do things like maybe a mode shift, get people to use more bikes and public transportation maybe even the concept of live work play like they're doing in Kakako where you put high-rises in where people work near where they live and then play in the neighborhood with lots of shops and entertainment and things like that to help reduce the overall traffic load and reduce the overall energy consumption for transportation. But let's get into some of the infrastructure issues that we're going to have to deal with. Even if we do the mode shift and we do all those energy savings activities, we run into some challenges and one that comes to my mind right off the bat is you know you only have so many charging stations out there and so you definitely want to have more if you're going to have more vehicles because the folks that have electric vehicles now have a hard time finding a place to charge sometimes and then there's people illegally parked in those charging stations and you're going to need more of them. So one of the challenges that I've been made aware of pretty early on in my research into this was the fact that with the grid infrastructure as old as it is, a lot of the buildings around town just don't have the electrical service where they can absorb rapid chargers and chargers that actually require more power to be put into that building. So a new transformers on order and that's $50,000, $100,000, a half a million and some of them are really expensive. The electrical services have to be upgraded. Can you talk a little bit about that aspect of what we're facing in terms of challenges? Yeah, absolutely and to get this perspective we have to understand it's not necessarily a cost issue with the charger as the charger is usually even built into the car itself. You're really only talking a cable to get from let's say the power line from the grid down to the car and the cost comes into us being actually us being the grid actually been able to support that. So here's a couple of numbers from the Department of Energy 2016. The average household consumes about 10,700 kilowatt hours a year. Bring that down to a month. It's just under 900 kilowatt hours a month. Bring that down to the hour. Any house is using about one to two kilowatts at any given time. When you're using your stove, electric range or maybe you're using your dryer, air conditioner, it's going to come up a little bit more but not a whole lot and then to bring it back down to average, you're going to be using less than one kilowatt a lot of the time. So that's your average household. Your average transformer that feeds a house or two is only 15 to 30 kilowatts. We really measure that in KVA but for this conversation we can consider that being equal. Your average house, one to two kilowatts at any given time. The supercharger you talk about, I took a peek at, there is a few different models but of one certain manufacturer that size charger was 145 kilowatts. That is a lot bigger than just what your average house is consuming. Now we don't all need a supercharger but that puts in a little bit of perspective that to move electrical energy quickly, the scale and the amount of copper it takes, at this point we need amps or we need a much higher voltage, is very difficult and we're not built out for that. When we built the grid, we're sinking the houses are a couple KW a piece at any given time and you go out to a neighborhood, that's fine with the amount of diversity some people are using, some appliances, some aren't, it starts to level itself out. When we all go home with an electric car and want to charge it at night because that's when we aren't using our car, the neighborhoods would all really rise the amount of energy consumption at night when our primary renewable resource here is not even being produced. So now we have to shift that energy to capture that renewable that we produced during the day. That's when the storage starts to come into play. So that actually makes that what we call the duck curve problem for HECO worse because right now their biggest demand is when all the renewable energy is tapering off when the sun goes down and they're already faced with a high demand at dinner time when people are cooking dinner and watching TV and now you're saying that's probably when you start charging your cars too and that even adds more to the problem that HECO has already and you were talking about a single family home but what about condos where now you've got a building which is like a compressed community that had a transformer put in 20 years ago, 15 years ago, 30 years ago and I think of the impact of that transformer that has a hundred units attached to it. Yeah absolutely. To build out a parking lot for a condo or a hotel apartment complex, anything that's high rise where you start stacking the amount of people per square foot is going to have this problem magnified. Your parking lot that supports all these vehicles in this case would end up having a small substation just to support the amount of power flow that needs to go to these vehicles at night. Your what you would want to do is to have the ability for them to charge it those vehicles during the day if they're not being used which is a little tough because that's typically when we're driving and now we're at the workplace. Well now that I have to plug in at my workplace, is my workplace expected to buy this infrastructure and then their transformers have to be upgraded and then that utility grid has to be upgraded. You start to talk if that's how you want to charge your vehicles, the grid as it is right now you could almost gut it and replace it because you start talking the ability, the load possibly going up everywhere but you don't know it's going to be at work, it's going to be at home, there's no question it's going to be everywhere. The cost starts to add up and it's well beyond that one charger that you might look at when you buy the car. Okay, well I tell you let's take a quick break here and when we come back let's try and bring up some solutions that might work to help solve this problem, is that okay? Yup. Great, we'll be back in 60 seconds after we look at some other ThinkTech shows. This is ThinkTech Hawaii, raising public awareness. Aloha and my name is Matt Johnson, I'm the co-host of Hawaii Food and Farmers Series. ThinkTech is important to our community because it gives us an opportunity to tell Hawaii's untold stories. For the first time, ThinkTech Hawaii is participating in an online web-based fundraising campaign to raise $40,000. Give thanks to ThinkTech. We'll run only during the month of November and you can help. Please donate what you can so that ThinkTech Hawaii can continue to raise public awareness and promote civic engagement through free programming like mine. I've already made my donation and look forward to yours. Please send in your tax deductible contribution by going to this website. Thanks for ThinkTech.CauseVox.com. On behalf of the community enriched by ThinkTech Hawaii's 30 plus weekly shows, mahalo for your generosity. Hey, welcome back to Stand the Energy Man on my lunch hour with Ryan Wolbins from Burns & McDonald. Before we get into our discussion, I want to just put in a plug for ThinkTech. You know, they do a lot for our community and they do a lot to influence legislators and leaders in our community and they're doing a fundraising campaign right now. So if you're watching Stand the Energy Man and you want to help keep us doing our programming, look up ThinkTech on the website there and see if you can drop a couple coins in the pot. That would really help a lot. So Ryan and I were talking about the serious problem that electric chargers are having, you know, with infrastructure and there's good reason for it. It's not that people are being unreasonable or just not wanting to do stuff, but there's a serious bill to trying to put in the chargers that we need. So there's some companies out there that are being creative and they're like putting advertising out to pay for the charging systems and putting things online. There's already legislation that requires commercial parking lots with more than 100 stalls to install electric chargers. We could certainly enforce those laws a little bit better, but there definitely is a cost to all of this and you know, so Ryan what are some of the suggestions that you've thought of that we can help maybe spread the cost out or help spread the pain on this and get things going because we all know that planning is great and planning to have all these vehicles out there is great, but it takes action to make it happen and to get people moving to action, you've got to have something that they want to do. So what are some of the things you've thought of? Absolutely. There's two parts that I want to bring into the solution and one starts to kind of become a little bit of a mantra of what I keep talking about is being efficient and reducing your overall energy usage or at least being smarter with it. So the first thing you can do instead of just upgrading everything all at once because you think that's what you need, that's a little bit of a bandaid. Be smarter with your energy usage. A little bit of a fan, but when we talk about that, it's moving where you were closer to where you live or it's the automation of cars or the protection of the vehicle that allows more traffic to flow on the existing roads or a higher utilization of the infrastructure we have. That's kind of step one or two. It doesn't have to happen first, it could happen second, but the technology we have and where we're going will allow us to do that. In addition to that, don't go all on the electric vehicle stance today. Maybe you think the cars that you could get are really neat in that sense, but start to think about the hydrogen at the same time because hydrogen now allows us, you could almost think of hydrogen as replacing gasoline today. Gas stations could be hydrogen stations and to you as a consumer, it's not going to feel any different. In fact, it'll feel faster because you can fill up a hydrogen car faster than you can fill up at the pump as opposed to a charging station where you might be sitting there for an hour because you had to go sit at a supercharger. That is not the same to you today as your gas station where you're in and out in a short amount of time and you're refueling a high amount of let's say miles into your car in a very short amount of time. Hydrogen starts to bring in a lot of opportunities in replacing gasoline while being renewable at the same time. That's a bigger solution that might have a less of an impact on our overall cost and how we move to renewable transportation. You bring up an important point that I always try and make and that is right after you go with efficiency, our transportation challenge requires an all-of-the-above solution. Hydrogen vehicles are electric vehicles. Plug-in electric is one kind of electric vehicle. Hydrogen vehicles are a self-charging battery basically and that's the other kind of electric vehicle and there's vehicles that run uncompressed air. There's all kinds of things you can do. On the building side, one thing I noticed at a conference this week or a forum this week and they talked about changing all the lighting. If you had a big condominium and you took out all the fluorescent lighting and incandescent lighting and you put in LEDs, that would be an expensive investment in that building but it would also drop your overall energy use in that building and maybe allow you to put in a charger or two downstairs without having to put in a new transformer because you made that efficiency move in the building. Does that make sense? Yeah, absolutely. That is definitely an option to us. Our current transformers and buildings were built with less efficient products. By getting more efficient on our current consumption, we do open the door up to electric plug-in vehicles a lot easier. Okay, you mentioned when you start talking about hydrogen, you really kind of open up a, yeah that's a great idea, Ryan, that you have all those convenience of quick filling and things like that but you still have to make the hydrogen and you still have an electric component there especially if you're going to use electrolysis. How could HECO combine hydrogen for energy storage to help them absorb more of that intermittent renewable? How could that be coupled up with hydrogen production to solve some of their grid stabilization issues? How would that work? So the neat thing about hydrogen and electrolysis being the method of where you convert, use electrical power to convert water into hydrogen and oxygen, you kind of split it. The neat thing about that is when you start to receive a high generation, we can start to create hydrogen as a load and bring it, use that excess energy to start creating our renewable storage of that of hydrogen. That doesn't mean we have to just start using that for cars and transportation and the semis and who knows, your weed eaters and your lawnmowers, it could go all the way down but it also can, that process can be reversed and now we push that, instead of pushing that hydrogen to fuel cell in your car, we can push that through a larger grid scale fuel cell and start to produce power back onto the grid. So it's an energy storage medium that is renewable but can be scaled really, really big. So we can start storing a lot of hydrogen for long-term outages or in times of in crisis. So HECO or utility could use hydrogen as a renewable energy storage medium that can get really deep in the number of hours stored. Can you talk a little bit to the fact that if HECO adopted something like this and they decided to, say for example, put an electrolyzer in Mililani town and use that excess solar from that area off the roofs of people's houses to make the hydrogen, what would the energy savings be like if that fuel cell could turn around and put the power right back into Mililani at night versus having to push it through wires, transformers and substations all the way from Kahi Power Plant to Mililani. I mean is there a line loss savings that's significant enough and maybe even a spinning reserve component to this that you have a known community that only has so much variance in it so you don't have to have as big a spinning reserve? Are there those kind of things that the utility can look at to make sure that it makes sense and help encourage them to use hydrogen? Sure, absolutely. So in theory, yes, there is a line loss that will happen when you have excess production and you try and move it to the other side of the island. The way our grid operates today though is actually very efficient on how it transfers power even across the island. It's not going to incur a very large loss. I would say that that loss would be less than storing it with hydrogen or storing it even with the battery as both of those storage techniques take an efficiency hit right when you decide to start storing. So your best option even going all the way across the island is to use renewable energy immediately as it's produced. Storage and even if you have to go to the other side of the island with that usage, the part that gets tricky is are my cables big enough to push it from A to B? And making sure that that renewable is produced, let's say close enough or not through a bottleneck of where it's going to be consumed. Efficiency though, it's actually relatively high. Where the advantage comes into play, this is the benefit to a utility such as Heco is you have a utility islands where groups of houses are all considered an island because when you lose power it's all your neighbors too. You guys are all kind of on the same island from the utility standpoint. That renewable hydrogen station that was storing energy can then bring power back up to that island. And now all of our individual communities are a lot more reliable and they're a lot more resilient where they can survive power outages to some of the major generators on the island and support themselves with their renewable storage. Well and that's important too because it makes a survivable after natural disasters and it also helps Heco bring their grid up quicker if they can bring it up in little batches, those little islands and do them one at a time. But you know aside from the line loss efficiency which you seem to have addressed really well, but keeping those lines up, I mean part of the issue with the grid is somebody's got to pay for the grid which is all the power poles, all the power lines, all the maintenance that it takes to keep those things going whereas if you can produce hydrogen stored on site and turn it right back into the community you don't have all the lines, you don't have all the issues with the lines. So I think it's something worth the looking at if you're a public utility definitely looking at energy storage with batteries and hydrogen and flywheels and other options as well. That's very true. Distributed generation is the first step that a little bit of a buzz word that I think the industry is using that says people are installing their own solar, their own little generators, commercial entities are doing what they can to produce their energy on site. Distributed generation also needs to consider distributed storage and that's enabling individual communities and commercial entities to be a lot more energy independent. That doesn't mean they're necessarily getting off of the utility but they need to start to share some resources. Okay so just in the short time that we've been talking about this we've talked about trying to be more efficient with the systems that we have. So going to other modes of transportation, moving your work and your residence closer together, using more efficient lighting and buildings to maybe free up some of the electric power and make it available for charging stations for electric vehicles, be more efficient with the way we manage our grid, maybe even eco-developing different models of what their service should be. Maybe they should be building and running these electrolysis systems and energy storage systems and dispatchable islanded fuel cell systems and they should be servicing them and that should be part of their model. The linemen that may be displaced by string and wires could be going into maintaining fuel cells and maintaining electrolyzers and helping customers build their houses so they're more resilient and able to fit into this new network. Would that be something that's pretty reasonable to do from your your opinion as an electrical engineer? Yeah there will definitely be a labor shift or a labor addition when we start to make our grid smarter and more renewable. When we add storage, storage isn't something that the grid want. I'm not a big person that's pushing storage as an electrical engineer. The grid operates very well with the amount of storage that we have but there will be a labor addition when we start to add the renewable resources and the renewable storage. Okay so we've looked at efficiency, we looked at trying to find some ways that we can get plug-in chargers going and maybe add some hydrogen for the transportation sector and and those are actually encouraging. What's it going to take do you think to really increase the number of electric vehicles on the road? Have people got to take that infrastructure cost on themselves or do we need to work with the PUC and the electric company to come up with innovative ways to help them lobby for things that will support building out the infrastructure? Should we look to the private sector to help us build out infrastructure? Or should car companies kind of build that into the price of the vehicle and help the utilities build out the infrastructure? What do you think might work? It's going to be all the above. The best place where it's going to start is for the want and the desire to be within the community. The people need to start to want this and make that thought and that idea contagious. Now we all can start putting pressure on all of the items that that you had discussed, the manufacturers, the government, the private side, the public side. All of those have to happen at once to really make this push. You want to make it happen really, really fast? Tax gasoline and diesel to the point where it's not even feasible to drive or turn your car on for two minutes. That'll push it really fast. I don't think we're going to be that happy about it, but you'd start to see some stuff move under that pressure financially. You need to start where the people want this to happen and start pushing all sides because this is a, as you mentioned before, this is a energy and transportation solution that needs to be holistic. I agree, Ryan. Like you, I know that there's economic ways you can leverage and in fact, in some government scenarios, that's what they do. They tax it. I mean, cigarettes are one. They're tired of people smoking cigarettes and going to the hospital and driving up medical costs. So they start taxing cigarettes to the point where it costs a small fortune to just smoke nowadays. You could do the same thing to get people incentivized, but what kind of strikes me as ironic is everybody seems to be very focused on climate change right now. But when you look at the aggregate of activity that's actually solving the problem versus just talking about it, there's not a whole lot of activity. So you're right. Everybody's got to take a stake in this. Everybody's got to do their part. The consumers have to put out the signal that they want these electric vehicles. They want to convert. They want to do their part. They're willing to pay a little bit more in some cases. They're willing to shift the way they get to work and go with more public transportation. We've got to start doing our part on the individual level to make all this stuff happen. And for the record, this is our plea to the legislature and to the companies out there, the big companies, electric companies, Hawaii Gas, all those folks, to really start making a concerted effort with the community. If you're really concerned about greenhouse gas, if you're really concerned about climate change, if you're like me, if you're just concerned that we should be polluting a beautiful state like Hawaii, just because the trade winds blow that stuff off shore doesn't mean it's good. You know, we ought to be fixing this problem and we all ought to pay a little bit more of attention to it and actually put our money where our mouth is and start doing this stuff. So I tell you what, Ryan, we've blown through 30 minutes already and I'd like to thank you for being on again this month and I really value your opinion, especially as a professional engineer. You make a lot of sense and I hope the folks out there appreciate your ability to to basically talk about, you know, complex situations and what we need to do. So thanks a lot and until next week, stand the energy man signing off.


Throughout my life, I've increasingly found that reading scripture in public isn't just about feeding our own spirits and minds. It's about rehearsing the mighty acts of God for God's glory. So let's think together about Isaiah 6, 13. And first we're going to need some tea. Even if a tenth part remain in it, it will be burned again like a terribinth or an oak, whose stump remains standing when it is felled. The holy seed is its stump. That's a rather puzzling passage at the end of a dramatic chapter, Isaiah 6. We often hear that read out in church, at least the earlier part of the chapter, because it's the great vision when Isaiah finds himself in the temple, and suddenly he sees the Lord himself, and he hears the angel singing, Holy, holy, holy, is the Lord God of hosts. And Isaiah says, woe is me, I'm undone, etc. And the story is well known.  And then he hears God saying, whom shall I send? Who will go for us? And Isaiah responds, here I am, send me. That's the point at which people normally cut off the chapter. That's the comfortable bit, the exciting bit, the bit about God calling us to his service, and saying, I've got a job for you to do. And that's always an exciting thing. But the passage goes on, and it leads to the verse I just read. And interestingly, it's the next bit of the passage from verses 9 onwards, which are quoted in Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, and Acts, and referred to in Romans for good measure, because Isaiah's message is anything but comfortable. It's not a nice, exciting, OK, we're going to have fun together thing. God says to Isaiah, this is the message that I have for the people. Keep listening, but do not understand. Keep looking, but don't comprehend. Make the mind of this people dull. The problem is that the people of Israel in Isaiah's day were so rebellious, had spent so long, so many generations turning themselves away from following God, that now they've become hard-hearted, and God's only word to them then seemed to be a word of judgment. The judgment which says that you'll be like a great tree, which is going to be cut down, and that even if a tenth part remains in that tree, it will be burned again, like a terribinth or an oak. We're going to get rid of this tree, and the stump remains standing when it's fell. Well, maybe there will be a stump. And then the holy seed is its stump. Here is the extraordinary image which Isaiah has, following on, of course, from the sense that he was hearing a word of judgment on himself, which then turned into a word of mercy and fresh commissioning. That there is a way forward. There will be a message of hope, and we see that again and again in the prophet Isaiah as a whole. But it's a message of hope which we hear through and out the other side of this word of judgment. The holy seed is its stump. God has to do the work of judgment, but the work of judgment is not, okay, we're scrapping that and going to do something totally different. It's a word of judgment which is also a word of purification, a word which says there is something new and God will do that new thing, but it will happen only through and out the other side of judgment. It's fascinating to me that when Jesus refers to Isaiah chapter 6 in Mark chapter 4 when he tells the story of the sower, the parable of the sower, and he says that this is why he's teaching in parables so that they may look and look but never see and hear and hear but never understand in other words, just like Isaiah's message. It is precisely a story of the seed. The seed which is sown, the seed which goes to waste, the seed which seems to be eaten by birds and taken away, but ultimately there will be good seed that will bear fruit, 30-fold, 60-fold, and 100-fold. And I think Jesus has in mind here this final line of Isaiah 6, the holy seed is its stump. Jesus' message to the people of his day was that God was doing a work of judgment because they had turned their backs on his will. They were not being the light to the nations as they were called to be, but there would be hope because the seed was indeed being sown and Jesus himself draws that picture of the seed onto himself in John chapter 12 when he says unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies it remains just a single seed, but if it dies it bears much fruit. It's as though Jesus, Jesus isn't just proof texting the odd reference here and there, he has the whole sequence of thought in mind because the word which comes at the end of Isaiah 10 is a word of judgment precisely on God lopping the boughs, cutting down the tall trees, hacking the thickets of the forest with an axe, majestic trees falling, just like that bit at the end of Isaiah 6, but then at the beginning of Isaiah 11 a shoot shall come out from the stock of Jesse, a branch shall grow out of his roots. This is the messianic promise, the spirit of Yahweh will rest upon him and he will bring forth judgment to the nations. This is the story which as we read it with the whole of Scripture in mind, focuses on the dark judgment which falls upon the lonely figure on the cross on Good Friday and then bursts out with new life on Easter day. The holy seed is the stump and says Isaiah, the Messiah rises to rule the nations and in him the nations will hope that's where the message of Isaiah is going. So may God give you courage and confidence to live through the times of darkness and to trust that his new purposes will emerge with the power and strength of the risen Jesus. Amen.


Well, hi there, it's Sandy Alnok with a crafty hack, Masking Stamps for Complex Scenes. And this one is a much requested video. Lots of you want to know how I make all of these complex scenes with so many stamps in them. And this would be a video that I'll point you back to if you ask that question in the future. So I'm going to use a mice day to celebrate and start out with eclipse tape. This is a big role of basically post-it note is what it is. It has about that amount of stickiness. I put it in the MISTI, which I use for all my stamping. I am incapable now of stamping anything except an art impression stamp without screwing it up when I'm using blocks. That's just the way my life is. I fully admit to it that I am terrible at stamping, but the MISTI saves my bacon. I arranged them on here so that everything fits as much as possible. And some of the stamps I don't necessarily mask out. If I think they're really easy, like in this stamp set, there's ones that are boxes. They're just squares. So there's no need to do that. I can just use a sticky note when I'm doing any masking with that. I'm stamping it with a dye ink.  So just use yourself a nice dye ink that dries quickly. And then I use my detail scissors for this. These are my EK Success Stick Scissors, if I can even speak now, and chop them up into smaller pieces because it makes the fussy cutting easier. And I find that I do best if I leave the scissors kind of in the same orientation and move the paper to meet up with it. And I also don't worry about being perfect in the fussy cutting. I just get close enough because I can always fix a little tiny bit somewhere with a pen if I really need to. And each one of these then turns into a little sticker to use for the whole project. None of them has any tails left, notice. And I didn't cut out the inside of the chair legs. I didn't cut out the inside of elbows, that kind of stuff. It's not worth that kind of effort. And the balloons I cut out separately entirely. And some of this I won't use for this card. I'll just save them in my stamp storage and be able to use them another time. So next up is placing the images and trying to figure out what scene I want to use. And where I want each of the critters to be. When you're using just this sticky note, you can change your mind. You can peel one up and put it back down. You can decide whether you want one to be in front of the other, so you can put them in visual order. I don't usually do that. I'm not doing that here.  The one in front is licking the frosting. This guy is just party animal. And he's going to be standing on a stack of boxes. And the stack of boxes is going to be meaning to be masked out behind the little guy licking the frosting.  So in the stamp set, there's chairs, there's stools. There's these little boxes like that one. And for this one, I didn't mask these two pieces out, but I checked to make sure that I could stack up a box and a stool and still make it look right. And it was going to work, so I didn't bother using masks for that portion for placing it. So next, figure out what the frontmost image is.  And that's this little guy on the floor holding the candle. And I don't know why he's holding a candle. The light is already on the other candle. Maybe he feels like somebody needs a second birthday candle, but whatever, he's arriving late to the party with a candle. Then you put in your finished paper, whatever you're going to do the final artwork on, and use whatever paper and ink that you would need for that. This is going to be a Copic-friendly paper and a Copic-friendly ink. If this was a watercolor card, I'd use watercolor paper and watercolor-friendly ink. I'll list some options for those inks and stuff and papers in the doodly-doo down below. Next up is finding out another image to stamp in here. And so this guy is kind of floating in space, this little dude who's holding the cherry.  And then the chair that's underneath of him. And I could fit both of those stamps on there. So I'm going to stamp all three of those at once. You can do these one at a time or you can figure out different groupings of them that are going to work together. So add it on now to the first one that has the mask already in place over that little guy. Nothing's touching him, so the mask doesn't need to be there at this moment. But it's ready for the later step in this masking. So then I'll stamp these guys and I'll have four stamps added onto the finished card stock and ready to roll. So I'm going to take the masks off of the original layout and place them then onto the card itself. Just move them over. Remember, I'm going to be drawing some pillows above that chair. So I'm going to be adding that later as I get this thing finished. And next though, I'm going to add the cupcake. That's going to be the next stamp that we'll go in here. I'm going to place that according to my layout on the first piece, put the second piece in. And since I have all those masks in place, that cupcake should fit just perfectly in that open area in the center and be masked out by all of those masks that are on the paper. So God willing, and the creek don't rise, this should work just perfect, right? And it does. Now sometimes you'll need to stamp a little harder or a couple times extra using your MISTI because you've now got the layer of paper that is lifting up higher than the paper. The layer of the masking was lifting up higher than the paper so you've got an extra paper layer in there. So you may have a little area around the stamps that you need to fix with a pen. We'll talk about that a little bit too. So this is the last guy added to this, the last mouse. And he's behind the other mouse, remember? So he goes last. So you're masking from, or stamping from forward to back. And you want the masks added on that way. So here I'm adding in the stamp of that little box. Remember I told you the box is just a square. So I can take a scrap off of the masking paper that I'd already cut or you could use a sticky note. So I'm going to mask off the top of the box and then I can place the little stool as high or low as I need it to be because it's going to get masked off where the box starts. Now remember we have this little floating mouse who couldn't reach the cupcake if he didn't have pillows on his chair. So I'm going to draw in some floppy ovals basically to indicate pillows. But since I don't have a stamp that I can stamp and cut out a mask for, I have to figure out another way to mask that. So I'm just going to take some of my scrap pieces that have a point to them and cover up basically most of the pillows and the point on the edge. Because the part that's going to be stamped in that center section right there is the boxes that are going to be the thing that the mouse in the back, the guy with the balloon, he needs something to stand on so he's not floating in space. So I'm going to stamp these boxes in there. You could just draw the boxes real easily yourself, but since there's a stamp, why bother doing that? And as I peel these off, you'll notice that the opening in the chair that I didn't end up cutting out when I did my mask, I'm going to need to draw those little corners of the boxes back in. But that's real easy to do.  So if I wanted to stamp something in front of that chair on top of it so that I didn't have anything to draw in there, I could do that. You could put a pile of birthday boxes in there and then not have to worry about this drawing in of a stamp in behind there. So this is the finished card that's going to be over on MFT's channel today. With any luck, there will be a link to that in the doobly-doo and at the end of the video and over on the blog, et cetera. I'm not always really great at follow up with that really quickly. But I'm also going to be doing Facebook Live tonight. You can go to the MFT blog to pick up the free download of the image and the list of colors to bring and join me for that. There's also a video you might be interested in that is on different line widths for different size pens that you might need for repairing images and drawing in little bits. So I will link that one as well. And I think that's it. I think I've talked enough for today. So go see these other videos linked in the doobly-doo and I'll talk to you guys later. Bye-bye.


Reports of creepy clown sightings across the country have people on edge.  Police are investigating a host of reports, but what do Cal students think? Hey guys, I'm Emanuella Shaw and I'm standing on Sproul asking fellow students how they feel about the current clown sightings. So you are aware of what's been happening with the current clown sightings? Oh yeah, definitely. Do you personally feel like you're in danger? No, I'm not really too worried by it. It's just like, it's an interesting thing that's going on. I don't think anyone's really been hurt by it. I wouldn't necessarily say that I feel in danger walking around campus or like in like the streets of Berkeley. I just think it's kind of unfortunate, just the hysteria that these types of events cause. I do sometimes feel endangered by that because I like to work late on campus but sometimes it's a matter of like, hey do I want to get mugged or like shot by a clown today or like do I want to go to school typing? Yeah I think everyone's in danger. I mean it doesn't matter if you're a guy or a girl if there's people who you know have guns and knives and I think everyone's at risk. What would you do if you saw a clown? I would probably report it and I just don't really appreciate how people just think it's like, people take it as like a joke. If I was like with friends I would go, I would try to go beat it up but like if I was by myself I'd probably just like walk away. Okay. Like there's not much it can really do to me unless it has like a gun right? I feel like it's definitely a flight situation like between fight or fight just flight like go, run, call for help, do whatever you need to do.  I think to an extent it's kind of prank based just because you get this thrill and this adrenaline by like just seeing the reaction of other people. What do you think Cal could do to protect students against clowns and criminals? I don't know where you're surrounding so as not to prevent further abuse and injuries. We definitely need more like UCPD patrols around especially not just clowns there's been like a shooting going on recently so it's really dangerous. Do you think with Halloween around the corner that the clown sightings are going to occur more often? I feel like it might, I feel like that happens usually when there's like a scary movie so I hope not, I mean I hope that no one you know gets hurt because that would be awful especially having a younger child myself.  Students gathered on the steps of Sproul in their memory refused to let the crime be forgotten.


Mr. me on sensitive tissue. Do you have any tips on how to get through more reading? Fine, there's so much I want to read but struggle to get through it Through it. I'm tired after work Audiobooks, audiobooks. I've gone through a number of books I haven't done for a long time But when there was a time where I was consuming a lot of books I wanted to read as much as I could but I couldn't my eyes were getting tired and I couldn't just lay And I needed to do things I could just sit down and read a book I played audiobooks and did things around the house. So audiobooks highly recommend audiobooks. Audiobooks


thanks for joining and listening to me. So I will talk about my site project. It's more an experiment and I have to say it is not an OpenBSD project, right? Some people ask me about OpenBSD from time to time. I'm not actively working on OpenBSD right now. So this is just my own little site project. So I'm working professionally with Rust for years, maybe a little bit longer now. So I initially had my love-hate relationship with the language, but meanwhile I don't really want to work on C anymore. So that was one reason why I got a little bit tired of working on the C code and OpenBSD and didn't contribute much in the area anymore. So then I wanted to write something new. So I went to ReLady and how could I possibly rewrite ReLady from C to Rust? So a quick overview.  I mean it's around 14 years old now. So that's quite some time already. And then I will give an overview of my Rust ReLady work and the current status here and how we can potentially get it done. So this is a very old picture I had in an old presentation as well. That was Eric and me. We kind of started ReLady. I merged in part of this code into my proof of concept at the time. And this was a hackathon in Ito in 2008. So 2006 I started it. Then it had this famous history of being renamed a few times, host state D to host state D and then later ReLady. The renaming happened at OpenCon actually in Italy. And yeah, it's still in use. Many years later, even without me, people are still actively maintaining it and OpenBSD and Beno, Claudio and many people have done some improvements there. So yeah, I'm very thankful for that. Basic features of ReLady. It started as a load balancer and link balancing features, supports various health checks. And that's important for the Rust re-implementation later. It has four components of like layer three redirects. So that's how it started to do health checks and dynamically program PF tables so that the PF-RDR as redirection targets depend on the ReLady health checks. I later added the layer seven mode relays that allows to do TCP relaying header manipulation and so on. That's the old proof set up. So ReLady from the beginning was designed in a way that it runs with multiple processes and those processes use IMS to communicate with you. The term was coined by Henning, but it's used everywhere in OpenBSD. And yeah, it's a simple internal HPC-like protocol over socket pairs and processes. And yeah, ReLady does not implement any threading or so on. It's in the layer seven mode. It just forks a number of worker processes and each of those processes is using LibEvent and the AsyncIO that it implements. So much about the past. Now about Rust and ReLady. So in 2019 I had some time and then I started working on HTTP to support for ReLady. And I actually made some pretty good progress. I had like basic HTTP to core engine. I had the HPEC protocol. It was all written in C. And I actually talked about it at EuroBSDCon. And there I jokingly mentioned that I could as a future step rewrite ReLady that are ReLady and Rust. But many things changed. They are the pandemic hit. And during this time I lost interest in C. And I don't know. Everyone had probably a situation where you really had to realign a little bit. And I focused on my work project. And there we had a very interesting project at Kraken where we introduced a new RPC gateway where like all the requests that are on the platform coming in are handled. And we wrote this in Rust, in AsyncRust, in Tokyo. And it's just amazing how fast this is and how low the latency is. So it just inspired me to have a look at ReLady and see, okay, how can we first implement ReLady in Rust and then later see how we can benefit from all those additional performance improvements that we have with like the Async thread pool and so on. So kind of like bringing those two worlds together. So the design costs are initially to have compatibility with the OpenBSD ReLady. I mean, that is probably necessary. And people ask me why adding this complexity. But for example, I'm not using a Tommel configuration file or YAML or whatever it's modernized right now. I want to be able to pass a ReLady Conf file and run with it. Another important thing that I utilize Rust, the AsyncRust, it's stable since late 2019. We have this native AsyncRust in Tokyo.io is basically the Async runtime. It can be compared to libend if we do a far stretch in C. The concepts are totally different, but that's basically the library that is very good for AsyncRust. So my roadmap is to start with the privilege separation part because I think it's a common problem with Rust services. I hear it all the time. I work with many very good Rust engineers. But I hear at many times that people don't have enough trust on the language and say, okay, the language is secure and then that's about it. But you have to do a lot more to keep Rust secure. And one concept is that those FAT binaries that are very common. You compile your service, you have one binary, one process, a single process, and then all the protection that you get is maybe a Docker container. That is something that I don't want to do. I want to keep privilege separation. I want to have multiple processes for isolated tasks. I actually want to have a Unix-style DMA, not just a Docker process. So the goal is to have privilege separation in Rust as we are doing it in C. So this was my focus. As I said, mostly a site project. So I didn't move on so quickly here. But this is done. The next thing is to have what we call DEMAN, like the RelayD CoreSource code. There is a configuration parsing and then it goes into the details. The first thing that I released is when you do Rust development, then you have to release some Rust traits. Is it a good thing? I don't know. But that's what I released. The privilege is my code base where I implement the DEMAN framework, the privilege, the async logging, but in a style that is not quite OpenBSD.c, but coming close. So it can actually do syslog when you run it in a background, standard error logging when you do it in a foreground. Syslog support these days is very really poor because most people just log to foreground. So yeah, I use it here because I want to keep this and I want to be able to run this in a round as a DEMAN, but you can also run it in a foreground and log to standard error. So looking at the Rust code, there are some source files right now. You have a configuration, you have the different, yeah, in OpenBSD RelayD, we call that the engines. So the engines are the different processes. We have the parent process, the health, the redirection is what paid later, and Layer 7 Relay. You can configure this here that already works with the Prusa trade in such a Rust enum where you use PROC macros to decode the config. This can be compared a little bit with those tables that we have in most Prusa DEMAN where you define the relation between the different processes. The configuration is generated in this one macro and it uses the, when you define health here, then it uses the module health, RS, or however you define the module, and calls the main function in there. So all this is done and Prusa RS create, you create a bunch of stub files, you have this core definition, and your parent holds and does all the file descriptor passing of the soccer communications and all that. Here is even a feature where I connect the processes redirect and relay with the health engine that's like that relay does it, right? The health engine does the health checks and then it sends messages to the other processes that the host is down or up. And this attribute here, I can configure that they're connected to each other and can talk with each other. The configuration style is a problem, actually, because as I said before, like most modern software is using kind of like a standard language, YAML or Tommel, whatever, even GISN, but I didn't want to do that, right? So the YAML and Tommel can be parsed and in Rust very easily, we use a 30 create where you basically just define different struct, makes them serializable, and Rust, the different backend library makes a work for you. So you just specify the types and you can convert it to YAML or Tommel and back. This is actually very convenient, but in a case of like a relay decon from the parse.Y style, it's an actual grammar. We need a parser that knows the syntax and so on. So I decided to use NOM for that. That's a very popular parser in Rust or it's actually a parser combinator. So it's not the act where you have a BNF style or all that. Your parsers actually, you declare it with Rust functions that call each other. So there's a fraction from the config parser, but basically you can define, that's actually enum, not num, but that's a typo. You define an enum, for example, with your different functions that you have in the DEMON configuration file and those are the return values. And then you can write functions that use the num library to do the matching. So here the section, basically the core entry point where it checks the different keywords, the interval itself is a function that checks the interval keyword and then the syntax there, the time that we have specified there. So it parses it and then it turns a new section data that eventually it's actually a really nice way to write a parser by just by declaring those functions. Old versions of NOM used Rust macros are quite ugly, I think. I don't really like working with Rust macros, but with the new version you can just use this function style and create your parser combinator with a native Rust syntax. The health service is actually something that is relatively easy in Rust compared to C because the health checks can now run in parallel. All the framework to set up TCP connection, ICMP and so on is easier and we have ASUN DNS. We have all those things that took us a long time to get there and see in Rust already. That's the easiest service part that can be implemented here. So the design of the health check engine is still the same and it runs in an interval of by default every 10 seconds. It runs all the tests and then for each host in each table it tracks the starters of the whole up or down. Indifference to C and that's an old bug that these real ideas like obviously it's just like linear. It's going through all the hosts within those 10 seconds and it can happen when you have many hosts even if you're using ASUN but then run concurrently and not in parallel. So when you have many hosts it can happen that one host gets scheduled so late in the cycle that it runs into this hard 10 seconds time or even if the check was five basically and with ASUN Rust it's not the problem anymore here. Why? Because Tokyo implements a multi-threaded scheduler so every ASUN scheduler you have can run on different threads and Tokyo itself is managing this transparent with a thread stealing approach. So this is a reason when you look at the old table where I had multiple relay processes that I decided okay I just need one relay process. There's no security benefit or whatever benefit of having multiple processes but now the single relay process uses a Tokyo thread pool so I can handle my connections in parallel. The nice thing is threading in Rust is actually one of the strengths because all the concepts of the language make it really hard to run into the same problems that you have and see. So locking is nice because when you acquire a lock it automatically runs out of contact when you leave the block. You never have to care about unlocking. Then Rust has built in thread safety mechanisms like the send and sync trades and so on. So it cannot fully prevent race condition. It's still possible by logical errors but one of the core strengths of Rust and ASUN Rust is that you can build ASUN threaded programs very easily and they scale very well. So that's why I decided okay I only want one relay process. And that's mostly the current situation. As I said I'm but slowly so I'm currently working on the health check engine and more of the configuration grammar. The next is not relay but relay so I want to start with the TCP redirections, TLS and so on. TF integration is going to be a challenge because it is possible of course but doing IOC TLS from Rust means that you have to write a lot of unsafe code. So unsafe code is what Rust calls directly accesses pointers, raw memory and so on and so you IOC TLS is one of the worst examples. It's certainly possible but it is not really nice to do it in Rust and that's by design. There is a public library to access PF from Rust, the dev-pf interface but yeah that is more for macOS and I'm not sure if I want to do that. So this is something I moved back and right now it doesn't support a control socket. The control socket like the relay CTL first it's quite optional and then the second thing it's not too difficult it's just not my my priority right now. The other thing about this is that this relay ID can easily work on OpenBSD that's where I do my main development but also on macOS and maybe even Linux just for Linux. I don't know that the redirects will probably just not be supported and maybe later somebody comes up and to the implements whatever Linux does but that's not my goal but I want to be able to use it on macOS or DSDs and OpenBSD. So so much about the slides. There are more things to mention is FIDIScript or passing is a feature that I implement in the Prifcept RS crate but it's also in the Rust core line not the whole Prifcept thing but just the ability to do the C message style FIDIScript or passing. That is in the Rust nightly version and will hopefully be available in one of the future releases just makes it easy to remove a little bit from the from the Prifcept RS crate and and then have like one maintain standard way to do those messages with ancillary data. I didn't write that I was involved there and I fixed it on OpenBSD and macOS and they merged by patch so there's a chance that we will get this. So now I hope that you still see me. Okay, can you see me? Hear me? You don't have to see my face but so questions. Where can we find the source code? So the source code is right now as I said like on crates.io and on github. Yeah, I'm using github actually and the relady source code is also on github but I think it's still private but I will make it public in the next days. It's still fairly early but I'm definitely moving forward now. Actually I have my motivation that maybe one day to replace some whatever hx or something like this with that so but right now as I said it's mostly a side project. Let me... Where is your code? Okay, yeah, it's definitely going to be open source. No worries. It's all just... So you can still hear me. I cannot say much about the tooling on on BSD but I know on BSD there is very good support for Rust. Samaria is doing a great job to get it into OpenBSD and there is some work as I heard that people are experimenting with like writing Rust based things like that but none of this is officially supported right now. I don't think that once Rust and OpenBSD yet. Yeah, so for me it's real idea because I have the experience with running this high performance gateway at Krak and I know I have a good feeling there what needs to be done and I always need a connection to my interest to the production news eventually but I don't know I mean what would be interesting for other people? Core utilities, would it be worse rewriting LS and all that? I mean the OpenBSD based utilities are pretty good and they have pledge and everything so we don't really have to rewrite every just for the sake of rewriting it. So I would say anything that is somehow performance-bound Rust is making it so better as we finally can safely use async and threading there. Okay, anything else? I heard we're running out of time. Limitation? Okay, one run. This is with some ugly debug message in between with the health check engine I'm working on right now. Thank you everyone.