The important thing is good tasting food, and if babies like their food, they'll eat what they need. So you know they're getting good nourishment. Hey, hi, what's going on gang? Welcome back to the channel. Welcome to my channel if you are new. This channel contains videos that will be able to help heal more than 90% of any health, wellness, and body image challenge. So please do subscribe to this channel. I really do appreciate it as subscribing is where the support does come from. In today's video, we're going to have a little discussion on the number one challenge that my clients have when it comes to changing their lifestyle in terms of what they are putting into their bodies to help heal health, body weight, body image issues, and general wellness challenges that they have. The number one blockage people have is not enjoying the taste of healthy food. I hear ya. I do.  So I want to talk about why healthy food tastes bad and what you can actually do about it to change that. Because a lot of people tell me that they feel as though they're doomed to not enjoy food anymore or they're going to be too stressed and unhappy and depressed from not enjoying nourishing themselves anymore to properly enjoy their life. And you know what? Stress is numero uno in terms of the killer. So even if you are changing your diet to help heal other challenges you may be having in terms of health, wellness, and body image, if you're stressed out about it, if you're depressed because it just sucks to live that way, because you just don't enjoy it, you don't like it, that's going to backfire on your health, and you're sort of negating the things that you're doing to help yourself heal. So let's blow this out of the water, let's discuss why this is happening and what you can actually do to change it. Sit down, we need to talk. The reason why any health food tastes bad to any of us is because of a loss of touch with natural food instincts. It's sort of one of those unfair disadvantage situations that we actually do inherit our taste buds. However, our parents were eating and what they were eating does transfer into us when we're born. And not only that, the lifestyle that your parents have and the lifestyle that they are training you into as you are growing. So what are they feeding you? Are they giving you processed sugar, processed foods that contain chemicals and sugar? Dad is just catering to these boys out of the freezer with highly processed food. Fish sticks, dogs, little mini cheeseburgers. These kids have got used to eating food that we know is really high in fats and sodium, and these kids are being fed on that constantly. Then how are they actually having a nutritious, balanced meal? I don't really know how to prepare vegetables. Most of us in Western civilization have been brought up with the sad diet.  The standard American diet is full of packaged foods that are highly processed and contain heavy doses of chemicals and sugar and even a lot of hidden sugars as well. So those end up being the only foods that our taste buds become familiar with. What happens here is an addiction. Sugar is a class one drug. It has been shown via studies that sugar can be more addictive than heroin. The only difference going on here is that sugar is socially acceptable. So until you do come off of sugar for a period of time and take your body through a sugar detox, you often don't even realize how addicted you are to these things. Rats on a sugar water diet exhibited telltale signs of addiction, binging, craving, and withdrawal when the sugar was taken away. Food addiction is a real thing. It's not a metaphor. It's a biological fact.  In fact, sugar is eight times more addictive than cocaine. So if you start your baby early on addictive, highly sugary foods, they're going to become addicted.  It took me a good chunk of time to change my own eating habits when I started becoming optimally healthy. I went through very similar withdrawal symptoms as drug addicts do coming off of a drug when I decided to take myself through a very serious sugar detox.  It's just not practical to come off of all of that and think you can just go falls out into an optimally healthy food diet without those consequences. You're going to want to say, screw this. It's not even worth it. And you'll rebound back into your old eating habits. So how do you transition your tastes?  I have gone through retraining of taste buds with clients over the years. And the absolute number one thing that you need to pay attention to is to make very small changes. You got to kind of trick your taste buds into enjoying these healthy foods. And I don't mean swapping one thing out even right away. Some people take a lot longer than other people. And there's absolutely nothing wrong with that. That is okay. The point is you need to do it in a way where you can succeed. So as an example, what I would suggest was someone that has a high intake of sugar in their coffee or tea, just the white refined sugar, rather than two teaspoons, you're going to cut that down to a teaspoon and a half for a bit. Maybe about two weeks. I know it's so small, but it's not really noticed. And then cut it down to one teaspoon. And then cut that down to half a teaspoon. And as you cut it down, you then can start replacing.  And you very slowly replace it so that your taste buds are actually getting used to it on their own as you're going. And there is no real adjustment period that needs to take place. If someone is drinking a high quantity of sugared sodas per day, so not the diet variety, try cutting down from four cans of pot per day to three cans of pot per day. Eventually, two cans of pot per day and one can of flavored soda water per day. And this is how we do it when it comes to things like that. Two or three changes per week is the absolute maximum. And I don't even go three changes per week with people. Usually it's one change per week. If they feel ready, two changes per week. If they feel totally ready to go three changes per week, and then halfway through the week they think I can't do this, no problem, no judgment, come on back a bit and walk a little bit slower. The more gradual that you can make changes to your body, the easier they are for the mind to accept. Eventually, you'll finally realize you can live without it.  I can literally taste the sugar in bread. It's amazing and I genuinely now prefer higher healthy fats and veggies.  It ends up being like candy, a banana, that's a treat to me. Sweet, still packed with energy. All those vitamins and minerals, natural food sugars just taste better. Delicious. You don't know what you're missing, why don't you find out? This is all about not being on a diet. You don't want to be dieting. You want to be transitioning your lifestyle. This is a lifestyle choice. It's the lifestyle aspect of these changes that create that health, wellness, and body image success in the end. It's about experimenting and finding out what works for you and knowing that the slower you make the changes, the more willing you'll be able to accept them as an actual way of life in the long run. One of the reasons I find that people tend to give up on their goals is because their expectations aren't in alignment with reality. The reality is that healthy food is not going to taste appealing after years of being on processed foods, refined sugars, even tomato sauces, salsas, soups, things like that have white sugar in them. Any time you flip over a can of any kind of pasta sauce or whatever, more often than not, not in every case, but more often than not, sugar will be on the label. When it says sugar on its own, that is refined sugar. There are also different names for sugar. Here's a list of them. Think about that. This is all sugar. This is what we're eating. It's hidden in the foods that we're eating. So it does take a bit of practice to check out labels as you're shopping. Read the label and try to avoid the ones that have added sugars in them. They are still hugely flavorful.  Patience, patience, my love. And understand that it will take some time for new foods to taste good. I always recommend a minimum of six weeks, up to 12 weeks of a grace period, to really decide if you like a certain food or not. You're not going to like every single healthy food. I don't like certain healthy foods, but those are personal tastes and not entrained tastes. This is where we need to be able to tell the difference. Mine brings tricks on you. You play tricks back! Did you know that toddlers take up to 10 times or more of trying something that's introduced into their diet before they will begin accepting it? Why would it be any different for you, especially after way more years than a toddler, of eating all of these processed sugary things? So as an example, if you were never introduced to something like spinach as a child, you're essentially going right back in time, redeveloping those tastes and unlearning the bad ones. Great start! As a closing thought, you cannot expect yourself to all of a sudden play an instrument perfectly. All of a sudden, lift a ton of weight right away, run a marathon, whatever it may be. You're never going to be able to do those things immediately. You can't expect to be able to automatically do those things, and it's really unrealistic to expect anything different about your eating habits. I have been there. Many people that I have worked with over the years have been there. It is possible and as well to hack a delicious recipe, even peanut butter cups, ice cream, potato chips. It is possible to hack even comfort food meals, spaghetti and meatballs, lasagna. You can hack these things into healthier versions that aren't going to spike your insulin and render your body unhealthier than before you were eating these things. These are guilt-free, healthy versions of these foods. Please comment below if you have any recipes you'd like me to hack or any ideas on that matter. If you want a video of that in the future, please give this video a thumbs up, and I will see about creating a video like that. There are other videos on this channel of recipes that I have done. Please hit that little bell notification icon if you would like notifications of when future videos are posted. And again, please subscribe, as that really does help support me. Stay tuned as well for what's coming up down the line. I'm doing videos on IBS. Where that actually comes from, what the heck is the root cause of IBS and how to help get rid of it on your own. More delicious recipes, and of course, my health hacks. So until next time, have super amounts of fun in your life. Have super amounts of fun making these changes. It can be a fun process. Trust me, it's possible. Your future is whatever you make, so make it a good one. Check out my information in the description box below. I post a lot of things concerning food swaps on my Instagram as well. That is linked in the description box, and I'll see you next time. Bye.


Hello everyone and hello to Ken Yoshida. Thank you very much for being here today. Ken Yoshida is Professor of Applied Microbiology at the Department of Science, Technology and Innovation at Kobe University in Japan and since 2019 he's also a FEMS Ambassador for Japan. I'm very happy to have Ken here with us. Thank you for joining us and I would just like to start with a short icebreaker and ask what got you excited as a kid about microbiology? Yes, I don't point to exact time but I was mesmerized by microscope. Actually this is one of the most important part of my life because it seems like a clear water but under the microscope I can see a lot of things are moving in there so I was so shocked even this clear water contains such small organisms so then I decided to walk someday to research all those invisible organisms. Amazing, amazing. I see a resemblance with Antonin Vallevanova who was the first to see an organism and for us being at Delft we think we know about this and we think about this. Yeah indeed. Tell us a little bit about your current area of research. How do you think it can help solve current societal problems or issues? All right it's a good question. As introduced I am working as a professor of applied microbiology so it means nowadays we use microbes as a kind of cell factory to produce a lot of chemicals covering a wide range of like from fuels to materials. Okay so actually this action in science can change the world from petroleum or oil-based society into biomass-based society so microbes is a very important element to make this a shift of society. To do that we have to change the metabolism or whatever the genetic information in the microbes so that's why we have to develop new technology in genetic manipulation. So these things are our one of the focus in the laboratory and sooner or later it can be implemented to the reality society to produce chemicals using biotechnology especially microbes. Okay well we are talking now online instead of in person because obviously there is the current COVID-19 crisis and we just changed our life quite massively recently and I just wanted to ask you what do you think that this current COVID-19 pandemic thought us about how the scientific community can respond to a crisis? Yeah this is a very touching question. Actually now ordinary people understand importance of microbiology but to be honest virus is not a microorganisms but this is related to all those invisible things to have the capacity to infect our body and we scientists try to you know or let them understand what is the main problem with viruses and all things and also we proposed the how we can you know fight against all those toxic things and some people do understand the meaning and also the importance however the other part of society just afraid of being infected and they got to be panic and I think we need to develop more good education to let them understand and they accept how they have to behave and all the thing is one of the turning point of our society to realize the importance of microbiology. This is a big impact on our scientific society especially people working in microorganisms and microbiology and also the other hand we scientists that propose the many new approach to solve this pandemic problem and even me I propose the possible development of treatment but people all the time have a kind of allergy about this kind of far-advanced technology and especially GMO things is really social allergic so unfortunately all those clever idea cannot be implemented and again all those education can help us to make the things much is rapidly on the speedy to be implemented. So you seem to suggest kind of a double approach in a way so first of all research needs to continue basic research for people to understand for scientists to understand like in this case the theology of the virus and develop new course but also as importantly like proper communication so that everyone understand the risk and don't panic for example and they can be able to understand and react accordingly. Yes exactly so I think people do not know the meaning of words even so vaccination and also or both things people don't understand what is the difference of all those things and I think education is required in the both side as for the developed things and also the basic things and we need to have a kind of matching point to have the social and also or ordinarily understanding in the society so that's very important without this kind of social panic about this people do not realize the importance of those things. Because you mentioned also education one question I wanted to ask you is about early career scientists. You have been awarded the prize for encouragement of young scientists in 2002 by the Japan Society for Bioscience Bioscience Biotechnology and Agrochemistry. I would be interested what is your approach to support early career scientists? This is a very delicate question well especially probably in Japan our younger generation is a kind of timid and they sometimes try to be hidden and they are afraid of being exposed sometimes. But on the other hand the other group is all the time try to be all the time animated and also try to show up for themselves and this kind of two groups is all the time in a kind of fight or like a tug of war and as a PI we can see this kind of two different personalities even one person has these two personalities and we try to or extract the good aspect of these two different personalities in the groups or in one person and try to make the balancing of so if they need it they can show up ever if they don't like they just be hidden so this kind of balance is very difficult and that is why I think the younger generation requires good mentoring and also like a guidance so sometimes we have a kind of a systematic organization to help them to you know make this balancing like without showing their ability people do not know what they what she can do but if they they're pretty much afraid to do that we have to encourage them so like this way and not only the realistic or scientific ability but also this kind of personality is also trained and also let's say encouraged yeah so in this way I'm all the time keep an attention about these to put these points as well yeah so it seems like a personalized approach in a way in which you try to to to encourage the best of your students and and try to elevate the best the best quality state they already have or maybe they just they need encouragement to to bring forward yes to be honest as for the scientific quality of their works can be accomplished by themselves you know this is a really elementary you know it's a they have to do that that even they have good things a good to see is sometimes they do not know how to show it up so then in this case we can be a good mentor to tell them how they can make it more you know obvious or easily to be recognized so in this case like as for the realistic scientific approach it's the requirement to be a good scientist but people are sometimes timid or they do not know how to show them up so in this case our you know help is quite an effective so far I have been experiencing in this kind of things and do you think there is these approaches that you're outlining are different in in in Japan versus the rest of the world or is a is a common trait of scientists that they need not just to be good scientists but also be able to present effectively or to convey the message effectively yeah to be honest I think uh probably in general uh aspect things are not that different however I can see the difference in the basic education in Japan in Europe is quite different you know so in Japan we all the time saying if somebody is outstanding then the other try to kick him out okay but in Europe like somebody is very good people try to encourage them okay so this kind of social attitude is a bit different in this case I think we try to use or we try to import the weight of European people do as for all those talented people yeah in general I have a kind of impression in Japan try to equalize everything too much to equalize so if somebody is too good they say that they try to you know kick him out or try to reduce his ability so this is quite different but nowadays we're changing a bit and but yet this is traditionally hidden in Japanese culture I think so I can the point this difference that's very interesting very interesting and thinking more a little bit more globally now and not just the situation in Japan versus the rest of the world what do you think our challenges today to support a recovery scientist and artist challenges different in comparison to the past and one might be further challenges in the future to support a recovery scientist or for a career scientist to be established and have a career in science probably every year on the earth like a post new post for younger generation is quite limited and like even the postdocs used to be we can enjoy a lot of postdocs in the laboratory but because of the budget limitation we have to reduce the number of postdocs and so then automatically to get a position is very competitive and some of the very talented students they just quit on the way of research and they try to find their job in the companies because the wage is better and also they can enjoy more promising parts effective in companies so now probably not only Japan but also in Europe but also it's very difficult to find a good position or promising positions for younger generation that's a very very big issue and I think we need to think about generating the new positions for younger generation and or otherwise we lose our successors in the scientific activity so I think this is the most important issue at this moment every year so it seems to me that you're saying that also collaborations probably need to be also very very much important in the future and it actually it's been pretty much recommended to have international collaboration like now I'm applying one of the Horizon 2020 program which is naming a Japanese colleague has to be involved in okay in this way even the EU or government is trying to stimulate the collaboration between EU and Japan but it's not only Japan but also Korea or Singapore or anywhere it's a European side try to you know stimulate European colleagues to find a third party or third countries in increasing Japan and this is a good way of thinking like to have a better chance of collaboration that's very interesting then I will jump to a question which was a bit far ahead in the list but it seems like a very nice segue which is since you are FEMS ambassador for Japan what do you think is the best way to build bridges and collaboration between Japan science and the rest of the world there could be two ways to make this encouragement of this kind of bridging of the different countries and regions one is so we have to exchange younger generation in a certain time of certain time like at least one year or a couple of years to exchange all those younger generation because through the exchanging we can have a better understanding of the difference and the similarity and also in a scientific way we can exchange the materials and also the technologies that this is very very effective to have a tight bridge actually me myself was staying in France and at the moment I established a lot of communication and also friendships and also exchange the technical things and this is yet now I'm enjoying this situation so this kind of human resource exchange is one of the things and the other things as I told you like governmental or international encouragement in a collaboration these kind of things cannot be done only by the conferences and also just having a chat you know so this is more sustainable and also a substantial exchange can be done only by these two ways of support human resource exchange and also governmental support for the collaborative research thank you another question which is related is about the fact that scientists are really truly globetrotters they travel often to conferences whenever possible of course now it is not not the case but they also relocate often during their career to different countries like you did for a postdoc in France how important do you think it is for science to be international rather than be done in separately in different country I can't catch your question and you meant like to make a travel and or this online is to compare the two things or no I meant because we were talking about the fact that scientists needs to to travel and and and this is important to establish collaboration with scientists with colleagues and these also need to be supported by by agencies so that this is possible um so my question was um how important do you think it is for science to be international you mean uh we can't do a good science only depending upon international collaboration or not so these are things on Japanese side actually government try to stimulate us to have a better international collaboration because they made some calculation like or the um evaluation of the papers and they found it out uh international collaboration and the good citation is correlating to each other so that's why Japanese government is now trying to convince us to have better international collaborations or more international collaborations okay this is just the uh the calculation or those are statics uh ever from my point of view international collaboration can help students to improve their thinking way more globally and actually sometimes for example in one region one uh bacteria or one technology was pretty much too regarded and people never ever discard this ever using the chance of international collaboration we found it out so far we believed this one is the best that we can have another choice in the other place okay in this way we can switch the kind of the too much established knowledge or too much as a knowledge of notion can be changed because of this new idea coming from collaboration okay in this way uh we can improve our uh too much prejudice although those things and uh international collaboration can make a breakthrough of all those previous knowledge or like a sort of belief can be completely changed by this and in this way not only the you know evaluation of papers and all things but also this kind of uh big change of the thinking way as all the time we can enjoy from the international population so um i try to convince my students in the latter way of thinking way to enjoy international population so it seems to me you're saying that there is still differences in from country to country now science is done for for whatever reason and that uh international collaboration and traveling and and exchanges help to to equalize science and to advance it because then you can you can jointly find the better the better maybe technique or the best solution or the best results so for me also maybe a personal question because i've never been to japan will be what are in your opinion the difference on how science is done in japan versus the rest of the world do you see me or or maybe too much a broad question um i think i would not be the best person to answer this question because i'm pretty much already europeanized i think so and ever yeah of course the society is quite different like a hierarchy of a structure of every single institute is quite different from european way and uh students are very polite to pis and also all those position holiday holders and every single students in japan has to pay tuition and in europe and the many countries people can learn flee even though they are working in the laboratory they can be paid but in japan every single student has to pay to to learn by themselves that is a big difference is student even during doing research yes yes a ph this isn't how to pay tuition this is a basic however they can have scholarship so it can be common goal so then it can be qualified however they do not have any benefit so this is a big difference this is a comical or social reason actually in japan students are thought to pay for their learning so this is traditional way and only tip of iceberg very very talented student can enjoy free learning you know so this qualification is very tough and only a limited number of students can enjoy this and this is very different and um not only for that like uh even a carrier position holders researchers is also are quite different from the european way and people cannot change the position so easily in europe quite frequently people can switch from one place to another right but in japan if you change the position from one institute another it means a kind of big change in the life so this is in the reality the big difference yeah okay for me this is very interesting because at least the way i know it from a limited perspective is that in europe um it's very much encouraged to change institute for example when you speak from master to phd or from phd to postdoc yeah but yet we are still changing and some university try to convince all those researchers has to move out and once at least then if they can be trained enough they can have other possibility to apply back into their his or her original institute or so this they have some university has this system but most of the universities or most of the institute has a tendency to keep the original or member to have a kind of escalator system to stay on there so we are still in the mixture of these situations so it can be also common that a scientist in japan will do a phd postdoc and then get tenure at the same institute yes and actually it's been recommended to be our assistant professor for example so we use the tenure system nowadays so like five years time they can be evaluated and once they are successful they can stay like a tenure forever but this is quite recent used to be we do not have this so like once you are assigned as assistant professor so you can have a permanent position there so but people now change it especially younger generation so younger generation is now suffering from very hard time to find the stable stabilized situation in in the research and this is uh yeah they say like they stimulate a competition to have a better ability or better science uh well but this is just provoking higher more and more competitions but sooner or later only a qualified scientist can survive in the end and one way to for scientists and for early career scientists to to showcase their work and to to get feedbacks quality feedbacks from other researchers is going to conferences and of course now is is a bit different because we are having an online conference but it's still very important to to collaborate and to get feedbacks also during this time of course and for many early career scientists this FEMS conference will be the first their first conference what advice will you have for young scientists starting their scientific career in particular we regard to going to conferences I think this online conference is a good opportunity for younger generation to acquire the a lot of keywords and also people who specialize in specific field and then by watching their presentation I think they can work with their non-computer to find out another research by themselves and so I think they can minimize time to catch up the latest or newest things and not only listening to our presentation and the whole but also they can use their computer freely and this is a part of the advantage for them to enjoy this online conference and another thing is well nowadays we have to take care of all those for example handicapped people handicapped people is not easy to travel long distance but by using this opportunity all those who are handicapped can enjoy these things in life and I think even solving this problem of pandemic I think we should continue this online because this can be really a border free for people or who is working in science and not only physical and they can enjoy or the latest news and information so I think in this way online conference can be usable later on I think so this is definitely a positive side of online conference that they can be more inclusive also for scientists that cannot travel extensively or maybe also because of cost or also because of time constraint and I think it's a very good way to finish the interview with this note because we are now in an online conference and I wanted to thank you very much for your feedback and for agreeing to be at this interview I just wanted to remind that the talk is going to be in one hour and a half at 4pm at the session two and the talk is about application of the Grand Positive Conjugative Plasmid PLS-20 for rapid rapid and easy transformation of intra and interspecies thank you so much for being here and I wish you a very pleasant and successful online conference thank you very much I hope that people can enjoy my presentation then thank you again bye bye bye thanks


This is stock number 9827 we are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin You're new and used heavy-duty truck headquarters. Remember we are the guys with the trucks on 41 and Highway 151 Today we are checking out this super clean 2015 GMC Sierra 2500 crew cab short box Denali this vehicle has the six liter v8 motor from this HD video You will be able to tell that this truck is extremely clean all the way around Onyx black is the color We shoot all of our videos in 1080p So if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or a smartphone device turn them on right now because it's like you're Right here looking at the truck with me factory 20 inch polished aluminum rims has nexon rhodian 265 60 r20 tires with just about all the truck they are brand new tires You can still see the little wear knob so brand new tires on this truck See the frame and underbodies and really nice shape as well Didn't see any denser dings on that front fender front grill is an excellent shape The hood is an excellent shape as well. No denser dings on that Front bumper is pretty nice as the front sonar and the factory fog lights LED running lights and projector lamp headlamps Passenger side fender no denser dings on that and the passenger side rim is in really nice condition as well That tire is also brand new and as you go down this side of the truck you can see just how clean that body is How reflective and mirror like that paint is? We take these HD videos So if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down You can still see the truck hear the truck and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before Even get here Very clean down this side. I didn't see one single ding or dent Lower rockers all look really good It's back rim But the same condition as the rest and the back tires are brand new as well Frame and underbody on this truck is an excellent shape And it's like that all the way underneath Has all the factory exhaust So it hasn't been altered in any way shape or form As we come around to the back of the vehicle very clean It has the in bumper steps full towing package, which includes receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring The tailgate is in really nice condition as well. No major dents or dings on that It is a locking tailgate has a spray in bed liner Looks like a factory spray in that tailgate has the drop down assist Also the easy lift assist on the tailgate and as we go down this side of the truck Just as clean as that passenger side and For full disclosure this back rim isn't about the same condition as the rest pretty nice and Down this side no dents or dings on those doors has the power fold in mirrors with the built-in Directional signals and the blind spot mirror Inside the Denali package gives you the black leather interior. There are no rips or tears on the seats Both these seats are heated. Both of these seats are cooled factory floor mats throughout power windows power locks power mirrors Like I said, they power fold in as well Has the memory driver seat and of course the Bose sound system Factory brake controller turned out four-wheel drive and auto headlamps As we hop inside the vehicle here, you can see that this one has 66,707 miles you got the keyless entry with the remote start The steering wheel is a heated leather wrap steering wheel you got bluetooth audio controls On the right and you got cruise controls and your heated steering wheel button on the left six speed automatic transmission This one comes with the GMC and tell a link Touchscreen radio with the factory navigation. This is also where you back up camera shows up This one does have the dual climate control CD player. They're your heated and cooled seat buttons power pedals stability control cargo lamps, and then your downhills discontrol and your Reverse sensors you can turn those off you get three USBs two power points and then a plug-in right there I believe it's a hundred ten volt hundred fifty watts Passenger seat is very clean as well. No rips or tears on that Very nice condition this truck smells very clean inside I don't think it's ever been smoked in the headliner is very clean It does come with the homelink system map lights and on-star capabilities in the Mirror there. Let's take a quick look at the back seats, and then we will check out under the hood Just as clean as the front seats there are no rips. There are no tears back here It does have the latch child safety system for your car seats the power slide and rear window with the built-in mirrored Frosty seats do fold up for extra storage and the rear carpeting and floor mats are very very clean We'll take a quick look under the hood as we go down this side I just want to show you just how a mirror like and glass like this paint is its Truck is an exceptionally nice condition And I'd like to thank you for checking out the video today Hopefully from this HD video you will have been able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around inside and out So you can make a smart purchasing decision Under the hood we have these six liter v8 motor engine bays very clean runs very smooth This truck has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change all the fluids have been checked and topped off and This truck is 100% ready to go to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars trucks SUVs mini vans Wranglers you name it. We got it go to our website www.summitauto.com Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle we have on our lot videos of every single used vehicle that we have all at Summit auto comm thank you so much for checking out the video today and hopefully You can make a smart buying decision from it if you want to make this one yours Give us a call right now nine two zero nine two one zero eight five zero ask for one of our sales associates to make this GMC Denaliers today once again that number is nine two zero nine two one zero eight five zero And if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube comm slash summit auto Remember to like subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left a link to more heavy Duty truck videos like this one on your right and if you have not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our Website click those check us out. We really look forward to helping with this super clean 2015 GMC Sierra 2500 crew cab short box Denali. Thanks again


Very polite killing. So take that for what you wish. And she's preggers with another one. Okay, time has passed. Out of the Dragon, episode three was really, really good. I feel like there are three major things that I feel like were my takeaways from that episode that I wanna talk about. In the interest of being a little more organized about this video, I'm gonna tell you ahead of time, I'm gonna talk about the time skip, Viserie's indecision and reyneera kind of in general, but some specific stuff to do with reyneera. So, first things first, time skip. I mentioned in the previous video I did on episode two that it bothered me how quickly Allison and Viserie seem to have formed a relationship and we didn't really get to see that happen. And I said in that video that I understand the need to keep what you show on screen to a minimum because there's a lot to get through. So I appreciate very much that they're not just dragging things out and wasting a bunch of screen time. That said, I would have appreciated a larger time skip to imply that things had happened off screen and to perhaps bookend that time skip with a more awkward, reticent, distant relationship and then a time skip by which point maybe we would already have the older actresses or if not still a greater time skip at which point we would see a pretty big shift in their dynamic prior to him deciding to marry her. I went into a lot of reasons for why that bothered me in that video so if you missed it, I'll link it down below. But anyway, so we did get a time skip, a substantial time skip in episode three. And several things about this time skip, the way they handled it were excellent. I mentioned again in I think the first video I did on episode one that in general, I love seeing in House of the Dragon that they trust the audience, that they do not spoon feed things to you, that they allow, they don't have a ton of like stupid and really unnatural sounding expository dialogue or exposition or voiceover narration or stuff like that. And they've done a really good job of crafting scenes where information is delivered to you but in organic ways that feel natural to the scene where no one's talking in naturally, no one's saying, I who hold this position wish to address you who hold this position and have this history with me and is married to, you know, like people don't talk like that. So I appreciate that they don't do that. So with the time skip also, they never say that a time skip happened. I mean, like in terms of the show does not address the audience at any point with that information. There's no like title card that says two years later. It doesn't do anything like that. It doesn't have a voiceover. Say what happened in the interim? We just start the episode at which point you're like, oh, there's a baby. That baby looks two years old.   Okay, time has passed. And I mean, this is a perfect example of why I hate it when they do hold your hand at other shows. Cause I'm like, it's not that hard to pick up. Like you, an audience member can see that and go, okay, two years have passed. Like I didn't need a title card to tell me that. I can work that out for myself. And it feels more engaging that way too. Cause instead of a show being like, let me hand you information that you must now remember. And you're like, oh, what is this lecture? Instead, you're watching the episode and you like wanna know what's gonna happen. And you're like, hang on, something's different. There's a child. Okay, I think it's been two years. Okay, cool. It has been two years. And now you like, you've like done the investigating. So you're like engaged to a much better way to do it. And then the same thing goes for not just how much time has passed, but what has happened in the interim, two years is a long time, especially in a political situation like this with movers and shakers. We're talking about royalty like, you know, stuff happens. And especially with the way that we left things in the second episode, there was a lot of uncertainty in the air.  So that's probably closer to three years that have passed. Again, they allow the scenes that they show us to tell us what has happened in the interim. They allow conversations and not just the content of those conversations, but the dynamics between the individuals who are having those conversations do the telling for us. So we see how the relationship between Rayneera and Allison has deteriorated, not because anyone told it to us, but we have a very quick scene to show that. And all we need is to remember what the last scene we saw with them together was like, juxtapose those in our mind, and we don't need to be told anything else. We're like, yeah, okay, I have a pretty good read on this situation right now, and I have a pretty good idea of why that is the way that it is. You see similarly scenes between Rayneera and her father, and they don't talk a ton about what has passed, but the fact that she's being pushed towards a betrothal with a Lannister, you get this information very quickly and very efficiently in a very natural organic way. And you also quickly find out that this is the latest in a series. So again, we didn't need an awkward dialogue or exposition to be like, over the last three years, there have been this many suitors and blah, blah, blah, like there's the very natural moments when this information is delivered to us. So those are just a couple of examples of when it did that. But basically what I'm saying is they handled the time skip really, really well. Now, there's some things that are quite different from the book. And I said before, you know, again, in my conversation or in my video about episode one, that this is a great opportunity for writers to stretch their creative legs because the book is written like a history book. And so there's a lot of detail to fill in that you have to fill in because the book does not give it to you. But beyond just filling in the details and therefore adding things to the story, they all have also changed some things, which if you have a good reason for it, if there's a legitimate narrative reason for doing this, like, I'm all for it. I won't be mad at something being different just because of the different. So the fact that Allison and Raniera were friends before is a new addition. And so them not getting along early on in this marriage with her father, it's kind of a reversal of what goes on in the book where she's a stranger and she marries her Raniera's father and at first they get along. And it's only later that they, you know, to be, I don't want to say anything spoilery for what happens later, but even now we're seeing the seeds of discord being sown. So it's no surprise that they don't, they already don't get along. And so another, so moving on now to Viseria's indecision. Again, this is something that, I guess I would say a change from the book, at least insofar as this is not something that we are told in the book. So since it's like a history book and we kind of like skip over anything that's not a big event, I suppose the day to day where somebody might harbor doubts would not necessarily be included in a history text like that. So it's not contradicting the book, but it's definitely a new thing that we wouldn't be like, oh, just like the book is having doubts. The way the show handled that, I thought was so interesting for the show itself the way it is right now and also just knowing what I know about what's to come and I don't want to say what's to come. Like you probably already can guess a lot of what's to come but I don't want to say because if you haven't read the book, I don't want to spoil it for you. But given what is what I know about what, if it's gonna follow the book, which I have no reason to believe for the most part follow the book, given what I know about what's to come, the inclusion of Viserys indecision, not only that he has this indecision and this doubt and the way that they show that I'll get, I'll talk about how they show it so cleverly, but the fact that he shares doubts with Alison and certainty with Reynira and he doesn't share with either of them the other version of things, so that makes sense. Alison only hears about his doubts and Reynira only hears about his certainty. Neither of them has a whole picture about where his mind is about this right now and each of course is biased and has reason to want to believe he feels a certain kind of way about things. But I love the way that the show has in these three episodes established that Viserys is definitely one for dreams, for portents, for signs, like this is like in the very first episode he tells Emma that he's had a dream about their kid.  And so the idea that the white heart being a symbol of royalty, when he's heard that there's going to be a white heart, that it's one's been cited, one is around, it's most likely going to be caught for this hunt, which is a big, it's a royal sign for his royal son. Then did he make a mistake naming Reynira his heir? And these are the, this is what creates the doubt and this is what when he's sharing those doubts. And then after he finds that the stag is just a brown stag, it's not a white heart like had been told to him. He looks a little disappointed slash relieved and it's after that that he then goes to Reynira and is like, you're my heir, done and done, that's not changing. You see him grappling with the, it's not that he's purely motivated by signs and symbols and dreams, because you can see how much he also cares about the people in his life, cares about his son, he cares about his daughter, he cares about his wife. If there aren't just pawns on a Omen-filled chessboard to him, but he's sort of looking for signs to confirm things for him and either way is a hard path because he doesn't want to disappoint the realm or his wife, he would like for a sign to show him that it would be right to give the crown to his son because he kind of dreamed it before and he'd kind of like that to happen, but he does not want to disappoint Reynira. So he also would like for a sign to show him that he was right to break with tradition and give Reynira the crown. So either way he's kind of like looking for a sign, he's like, I don't know what to do. I kind of like and hate both. So the show does a very good job of kind of showing how conflicted he is, how it wore with himself, he is about this. So for a show about a civil war, a familial civil war, the civil war begins in the mind of a series warring with itself. So it's no surprise that there's a ripple effect to that core of indecision. So I'm moving on to Reynira, the symbolism of the white heart, fact that it appears to Reynira, this again is not really something that's in the book, but I feel like by showing us this, it both kind of like closes the loop on the fact that this was introduced as pertains to Viserys and his son. So it's not just like forgotten about, you're like, no, it is around and it didn't show himself to Viserys or a sign it showed itself to Reynira. So take that for what you wish. That doesn't, there's a lot of stuff in Game of Thrones, you know, we had in the very first episode, was it the first episode or was it in the very beginning?   But I feel like it's also, it's pretty clear in how it's showing us this, that the show has decided who it thinks you will root for or who it wants you to root for. We've already been shown that she was named heir in terms of what's sort of officially on record, she has the right to claim the throne. And now if you're into portents and signs, nature has also shown the sign that she's the rightful heir. So if there comes a time when this is contested, the audience has been primed to be like, no, Reynira's in the right. Anytime a character is suggesting that, well, this is a break with tradition or it should be a boy or it will be a boy or whatever, anyone who's questioning the idea that Reynira will inherit the throne, it's usually voiced by a character that we've already been primed not to like or been shown reason to be suspicious of. That is never suggested by a character that we have been prepped to like. In fact, Allison is a complicated character that we at first are made to like and then kind of feel mixed about because of she's pushed into this by her father to like get the king's eye. So it's kind of seems shady, but also she herself has appeared to be kind of an unwilling participant or a similarity of a series. You know, she's of two minds about this. She also harbors doubts. So she's not been made a character that we hate at all. She's painted quite sympathetically ultimately.  And she herself is like questioning that and being like, I don't quite see it that way and if it is my son. So again, anytime the idea that Viserys son and not Rainier should inherit the throne, it's told to us by a character that we dislike. Further symbolism with Rainier, which has now become a trend across all the episodes and it's sort of, I don't know if it comes to a head, but it's certainly continued in this third episode. I mentioned again in my video on the first episode that the very first time you see a lot of characters you're giving your first impression of who they are and the show runners have been very careful about how they dress with the characters, how they position the characters the first time you met them.  So she's dressed for action. In episode two, when the small council learned about the problem with the stepstones and the fact that there is the potential need for armed conflict, she is the one that speaks up and suggests that they use dragons, that they use force, that they take action. This is shot down, but that's, she's been silent in that room up until that point. And when she chooses to speak up, it's to suggest action. And when she is dismissed from the room, it's to choose one from among the candidates for to be added to the king's guard. And again, when she's shown the candidates, her question about them all is, which of them has seen action? Which of them has actual battle experience? Where again, that is the, pretty much the only criteria that she voices an interest in. When Damon causes a problem, she takes action. She gets on her dragon and goes to take care of it herself. It is to prevent violent conflict, but she is taking action. And so in this third episode, when they were going on a hunt that she says she doesn't wanna go on, but she has to go, and a hunt is, you know, this masculine thing which involves violence, it involves the killing of an animal. We have, again, the sort of juxtaposition of the controlled environment of the servants and the guards and whoever who have corralled the stag so and have it, you know, held by ropes and ready for the king to make his like ceremonial killing. And it's all very neat and tidy and viscerious. If he gets any blood on him, it is not much. It's very, very controlled and very polite killing versus Rainiera who is out in the woods by herself and is almost mauled by a boar which she, with the help of Kristen Cole, kills and stabs to death and gets covered in blood. So when she marches into the encampment where everyone is there for the hunt out of all those dudes that are there for the hunt that are dressed in armor, that are ostensibly there to engage in action, she's the one marching through there who has seen blood and seen action and is still covered in blood. So at every turn she is kind of positioned as somebody who takes action, is interested in taking action, is capable of taking action, and that is how she is always framed and now not only framed in private because a lot of those instances before were in the privacy of the small council of the Targaryen family, those would be the people aware of this. Now this is in public. So she's been publicly paraded around as an eligible match for betrothal but now she is publicly covered in blood and wearing clothes for action.  Now across these three episodes, the show has also constantly made an effort to pair Rainiera with Daemon and not necessarily, when I say pair, I don't necessarily mean like that they are working together on things but it constantly draws parallels between them, either visually or even in having characters comment upon it. So again in my review of the first episode, again I talked about how they were all presented when you first saw them, what they were wearing and what impression that gave and how Daemon was almost invariably dressed in armor, dressed for action, shown taking action and Rainiera is also frequently shown this way. The series comments out loud on the fact that they are similar. I think he does this twice. I know he does it in episode three. I believe he did it before as well, putting voice to it, saying that they remind him of each other or that they're birds of a feather or that they're very similar. And he refers to her as a thorn or to Daemon as a thorn in his side and asks if his daughter must insist on being one as well but it's still linking Daemon and Rainiera. Daemon and Rainiera are both perspective heirs to the throne. Daemon was the heir until Viserys decided to name Rainiera the heir so this would in theory put them at odds with each other, put them in opposition with each other. And yet when Daemon created a conflict in episode two, the person who was able to quell that conflict was Rainiera. So even though politics would have them be at odds, they keep being paired. They keep being kindred spirits. She's the one that talks him down. She's the one that's able to get through to him. And really they have more in common than they have at odds because neither of them feels that they have a strong unshakable claim to the throne. Obviously Daemon was booted out in favor of Rainiera but Rainiera feels no more certain about her position than he does. It's by the end of the third episode that she gets some reason to feel somewhat certain but she's like, okay, you named me heir but like for how long until your son gets to be here instead. So both Rainiera and Daemon have reason to think, okay, I was named heir but I still have to earn it. I still have to prove myself worthy of it. I still have to claim it. I still have to seize it. It's not actually been given to me. So again, they are quite similar in their positions in that regard. And then again, as I mentioned Rainiera is the one that ends up blooded on the hunt after her encounter with the boar. And again, Daemon is shown in this episode being the one to go out by himself on his sort of suicide mission at the Stepstones. And he's the one that gets shot at and gets blooded in his action. So they both take reckless action and they both get bloodied and they both end up like, I don't know, victorious is the word I'd want to apply to either situation but they come out alive. So the way that the episode kind of frames both of them, again, there's a great deal of parallel in how they are being depicted. Like out of everybody who was a main character whose name we know who we're following in episode three, it is Daemon and it is Rainiera who have gone and taken action and seen violence and have been bloodied. So episode three was extremely interesting. Again, a lot of their choices in how they frame things and how they make conversations unfold, the way that they convey information continues to have this excellent subtlety that makes it feel more realistic, that gives you actually a lot more information than if they just told it to you. Because if you just spoon feed information then the only information that the audience is receiving is the piece of information that you were handing them as opposed to when you convey information through implication, then not only are you getting this piece of information that you wanted conveyed, but you get the full context of that information. You get other pieces of information to come with it as concerns like an attitude about that or a problem to do with that. You just, there's so many more layers that are conveyed when information is delivered to you in that way. It's the comparison that just pops into my mind for it is like the difference between taking a multivitamin and eating the food that the vitamin was derived from. So like you can get the vitamin but then you're literally just getting this vitamin as opposed to eating, like if it's a vitamin C tablet then you're just getting vitamin C. But if you eat an orange then you're getting vitamin C and also all the other vitamins and minerals that an orange has, you're getting fiber, you're getting some sugar and some carbohydrates. So you get so much more out of an orange than you do out of a vitamin C tablet. So that's my comparison for spoon feeding exposition versus organically implying information in a way that the audience can pick it up for themselves. So it's just a lot better all around. You're able to utilize screen time more efficiently and effectively. It's a more enjoyable experience for the audience and you will just convey a lot more information that way. So yeah, those are my thoughts on episode three. All in all, I have no complaints. I'm sure I could find one if I looked, but you know, why try to be unhappy? So let me know your thoughts in the comments down below about episode three. Did you think it was great? Did you actually have some problems with it? If you agree or disagree with my assessment of the pieces that I analyzed about it, whatever you let me know. episode videos on Saturdays, other random houses will be out on Saturdays so like and subscribe. Join my Patreon if you feel so inclined and I'll see you when I see you.


Trigger Warning.  If these topics are triggering to you, please feel free to skip this video. This video is based on the thoughts, feelings, words, and experiences of Jeanette McCarty that were told in her book, I'm Glad My Mom Died. This video doesn't reflect the thoughts and opinions of Psych2O, or the writer. If you've been on social media recently, you may have heard of Jeanette McCarty's book, I'm Glad My Mom Died. Hearing that title, most everyone had a different reaction. Some were shocked that she would say something like that. Never mind title her book that. Some were intrigued to see what her mom could have done that was so terrible. Spoiler alert, Jeanette's mom was very abusive and controlling. So much so that Jeanette was only able to feel truly free after her passing. A bit morbid, but if you're the child of a toxic parent, you may relate. What made Jeanette and her mom's relationship so toxic? And what could you look out for in your own relationships? Let's take a look at four ways Jeanette McCarty and her mom's relationship was unhealthy. 1. No autonomy.  Unfortunately, this wasn't the case for Jeanette. Her mom seemed much more interested in pulling Jeanette's strings and distracting than teaching. In her book, McCarty stated that her mother bathed her until she was 16 years old and possibly older. Her mother invaded her privacy by conducting physical exams similar to a physician or gynecologist too. 2. Humans develop in stages. According to Eric Erickson, a psychology student of Sigmund Freud, the adolescent phase of development occurs between the ages of 12 and 18. This is the phase where we begin finding ourselves, our independence, and making our own decisions. In theory, Jeanette was in the age group of an individual who should be able to care for themselves on their own, say when they need medical attention and state their own thoughts and opinions. But because Jeanette's mom never gave her that breathing room, Jeanette never developed those skills. Being in the adolescent stage or later stages and not being allowed to be independent can be a sign of an unhealthy parent relationship, just like Jeanette and her mom's. 2. Action equals love. Whenever you're meeting new people, one of the things we hear often is, just be yourself. They'll love you. Why? Because people are meant to love you for you, not for the things you do. Jeanette's mom didn't subscribe to this way of thinking. McCarty begins her book with a story about her, her mom, and her siblings watching family movies. Not home movies of birthday parties or weddings. No. Home movies of when Jeanette's mom had cancer. Mom would narrate everyone's reactions and coping mechanisms and she would treat them based on that. For example, in the video, one of Jeanette's brothers kept leaving the room to collect himself. Mother praised him, as if him being distraught over his mother's diagnosis made him a better person or child. This was very different from Jeanette. She was scream singing jingle bells.  Jeanette was two years old in the video, but after hearing these comments at eight, Jeanette internalized them for life. This mother equated action with love. If you do for me, listen to me, don't question me, I love you. This thought process is consistent with individuals diagnosed with narcissistic and or borderline personality disorders. If a loved one isn't doing enough or the right thing, the diagnosed individual may react by using this harshness as a coping mechanism to create distance and protect themselves from being hurt. Jeanette's mom used this to push away feelings that her daughter could have been happy that she was sick. Which absolutely wasn't true. However, it also planted the seed in Jeanette's mind that she's not intelligent and that she needs mom's approval. Thinking that she needs to do things for approval and love is another result of the unhealthy relationship between Jeanette and her mother. 3. Unhealthy Coping Mechanisms When something not so fantastic happens, coping mechanisms help us to either work through it or mask it. Any Naruto fans here? Remember when Asuma died in battle and Shikimaru just buried it and kept busy so he didn't have to think about it? I know, I know, I didn't want to bring it up either. But this is an example of an unhealthy coping mechanism. Teaching positive coping strategies is a part of the caregiver role and part of that helping you leave the nest thing we mentioned earlier. From the stories Jeanette tells us, it seems like Jeanette's mom was more interested in teaching how to keep up looks than healthy coping strategies. In her book, McCurdy was very open about her mother introducing her to food restrictions. When she was able to follow the diet mom laid down for her, Jeanette felt like she was in control of herself, her looks and her life overall. As she got older, became more famous and had more opportunities, Jeanette noticed that she was in more situations that included food. It was stressful for Jeanette to not follow mom's orders, but it was also stressful when people noticed her not eating. McCurdy explains that this is when she began purging. This became a coping mechanism, a way of holding on to control, a way of making everything okay. Instead of working through feelings, thoughts and situations, as time went on, Jeanette developed her unhealthy coping mechanisms like drinking and like chikamaru, burying her opinions. These negative coping mechanisms are one more way Jeanette and her mom's relationship wasn't a healthy one. 4. Brainwashing Did you know brainwashing is actually real? Now we're not talking about those little pen thingies from Men in Black. In this book, Traumatic Narcissism, Daniel Shaw defines traumatic narcissism as a form of trauma triggered by being denied a right to individuality and boundaries are broken. If successful, the narcissist can brainwash their target to become an extension of them and always seek their approval. Kind of like in South Park when Cartman fused with the Trapper Keeper. Jeanette's mom seemed to have a similar narcissistic brainwashing hold on her daughter. There were multiple times in the book where Jeanette recalled herself thinking, I'm nothing without mom. Even though Jeanette was talented, intelligent, funny and successful all on her own, it was never enough without mom's approval. This lack of self-worth even bled over into Jeanette's relationships with her employers. When working with directors, Jeanette would stifle any concerns like saying a line that made her uncomfortable and do it anyway in hopes of gaining their approval to boost herself worth. In any healthy relationship, you should be building that person up and giving healthy constructive criticism when needed. And this is just another way Jeanette's relationship with her mom wasn't a healthy one. And these are just some of the reasons why Jeanette and her mom didn't have a healthy parent-child relationship. Are there signs of a toxic relationship you've seen that we didn't mention? Drop a book emoji in the comments and let us know. If you want to know more about the relationship, pick up the book I'm Glad My Mom Died by Jeanette McCarty, not sponsored. As always, keep an eye on Cy for more Psych2Go content. Until next time, all references used in and to create this video are listed below.


Can you see the screen? Very good. Let me just fix the laser Okay, I'll give you a signal after 25 minutes, and there will be five minutes to to the end of the talk Sure, sure. Okay, so I cannot find the laser. I'll just go on with the mouse All right, so hi everybody, it's really a great pleasure to to attend although remotely and I really Sorry that I couldn't attend that that was actually the planned and of course thank you the organizer for the Invitation and the opportunity to present our work So I'm a lot correct and I'm coming from the technique on the faculty of material science and engineering And I'll talk about interlateral transport in shield by layer Graphic systems, right? So first I would like to thank the people who are taking part my group at the technique on and collaborators from IBM Zurich and Tel Aviv University and of course for the funding agencies So I think electronically speaking One of the two in most intriguing examples of how the angular mismatch if you basically consider two layers of graphene Or two mesostructures that are stacked one on top of the other. I think the two most Intriguing examples of how the physics the underlying physics can be different as a function of the angular mismatch are shown here So on the left side you can see this very Pioneering work basically Discussing the fact that if you have a bio layer of system and you apply a vertical electric field You can open a band gap and already from 2009. That was a great promise For all kinds of logic applications because as you all know single graphene and doesn't have a band gap So it basically cannot function as an efficient logic switch And the story was actually interesting since it took three or four years to realize that this can only Happen when you have a banner stuck in so so the story was that many groups actually tried to follow this concept Trying to see this band gap opening, but in many cases they have a misfit angle And there were actually not aware of that and it took three or four years to realize that this can only stem for better stacking So I think this is probably the point where all these twisted graphene structures started the huge research that is still ongoing and then part of this effort realized in this very astonishing Publications We're a group from Colombia and MIT showed that Whenever you have a 1.1 angular mismatch, you can actually realize superconductivity They call it magic angle magic angle buyers and this really shows I think or emphasize the fact that you can get totally different physical aspects Depending on the angular mismatch. So this is basically what I'm going to talk about today And of course, not only the electronic properties Basically almost every other material properties like the mechanical friction You all know you can switch from high friction to low friction. You can basically tune the band gap You can use different interlayer coupling and interlayer conductivity You can also change the optical and optical Phone-on interaction like Raman coupling as function of the miss angular mismatch And you can also realize what is called van der Waas hetwa structure where you combine different materials Still playing with the angular mismatch angle and get very very unique and Superior properties like very high mobility Again tuning the band structure and also realizing Roba superlubricity, which was first Basically suggested by Odeb and was actually realized a few years back by one reason and probably one of the most intriguing fact is that you can actually tune all these properties in a very tunable Matter so you can get either Switching between different properties or also continuously changing the the material So just to make some order We are talking about twisted stacking configuration Let's see what are the different families that we can consider so Along with the banana stacking, which is you can see this in the left side, which of course is commensurate periodic Stacking configuration. This is when you have the two layers aligned You have the twisted stacking configuration and in general you consider the non commensurate structure Like for example 10 degrees and in essence, this happens when you have an irrational ratio between the superlattice structure and the single graph in lattice And then it turns out that you can have more exotic type of configuration For example, so the comments right where essentially the ratio between the superlattice structure and the single graph in System is rational and then you have a strictly periodic interaction and also you have more how to say exotic configuration like a quasi commensurate structure for example for 30 degrees and we have shown that this Stacking configuration has a distinct effect on the frictional properties For example, you would expect that along with the strictly commensurate configuration for the pseudo commensurate configuration You would have a linear scaling of the friction For us with area contact and for the quasi commensurate actually, there is a more intriguing periodicity you get the quasi periodic or self-similar Interaction between this Fractal like structure So the way we experimentally study the systems is actually very simple. We realize this nanostell metal Structures on top of HOPG this allows us to get very large arrays of systems and then we start to manipulate them with an AFM Already from the beginning we have seen this very interesting behavior So just by measuring the lateral forces, we could get an indication that there is a very small lateral force This is this force versus Displacement curve that you can see here essentially the trace and retrace are almost completely overlapping and there is a tiny Friction that is basically In this case, this is these are circular structures is coming from the mainly from the circumference And this was actually very nice Closer to a very Interesting and intriguing experiment done first by Quan Chi Zhang group. So you can see here this is a macroscopic probe a few micron square and While shearing this pillar, they could see that itself retracts and again This basically comes from the fact that the friction is extremely small compared to the addition So when we when we measure these forces We are basically governed by only adhesion forces and this basically tells us that we can come up with all kinds of Design rules we can essentially design the shape of the structure and by that it gives different lateral Forces, so this is essentially coming from the fact that the adhesion is simply proportional to the area and The lateral force will be proportional to the derivative of the area change And this is what you would get from a circular flakes for more complicated structure, you can see here this Green curve you get some non-linear response and then you can get a constant force and you can see also zero force Which is basically buried Within this profile and then of course this scales with the radius as you can see from here, which allows also one to very efficiently extract the binding energy Graphite and in all kinds of other two-dimensional layer materials and By designing these rules one can also come up with some other Type of devices for example by step structure And this is what we call rotational bearing structure when one can induce a single Interfacial twist defect buried More or less the middle of this structure And we have used these to measure how they conductivity the intellect on the activities Changing as function of the angular mismatch. So this is basically measuring of the current as we continuously rotate the structures and this allows us to get really unprecedented angular resolution Which allowed to see for the first time this very abrupt and narrow conductivity peaks So basically explaining all these profiles This my modulation this bathtub like shape. It's basically induced by a phonon made in the interlayer company So this is the case space schematic illustration. You can see that when you want it Flakes in real space. There is also rotation in case space and your static You're starting to have this momentum mismatch when it turns out there is a phonon branch that can mediate this This transport and and this is basically probing this the population of this momentum Sorry, it's phonon branch and this very sharp conductivity peaks Especially with the help of dead and student. I we could explain These peaks by cell documents read periodic superlative structures They can come with two different symmetries like you can see here These are the arrangement of the atoms and actually you see this superlatives pen structure that is associated with this with this Stacking configuration and you can see actually why for one a symmetry you would get Triangular shape for example like here and for the other symmetry you get the double peak shape You see the pen structure here. So this really give the essence of how this electronic arrangement is playing a role here So then moving a bit forward and we probed how the current is modulated as function of the lateral distance and In the beginning we naively considered that the current will be proportional to the overlap Area so essentially you have two systems of this graphite structure you slide with AFM You measure the force, but you also measure the current and If you consider that only the area plays a role at the best fit that you can get is this blue Solid line this town 3d explain very well the measure experiment and Then it turns out that only if we add another channel that is essentially proportional to the circumference of these structures We can get a very good fit and this gives the first indication that the circumference or ad states are playing a very strong role in the electronic transport between the the top and the bottom as up and Another indication was here. So when whenever we changed applied bias be so different contributions So I didn't mention but this electric circuit and the fitting procedures allow us to extract the different Contributions for bulk and edge and this is what you can see here. So these lines basically add up the blue line is is the completion of the bulk and the green is the edges and Summing summing them up together and we get the total response But the interesting part was that what we saw is that whenever we use a local applied bias But this is the applied bias. It's it's the applied potential that is dropped Across the interface is about three times lower We see dramatic reduction in the contribution of the bulk and this again brought us to the Seminal work by Breselhaus considering the transport or the chronic band structure of graphene Flakes and graphene algorithms essentially what they show there is that Whenever you have zigzag states, you have a very sharp density of states or even you can call it topologically Protected at states which are localized and the zigzag edges and this is really corresponding to this very sharp density of state peak and then when you increase the the Fermi window The applied bias you probe more and more the bulk states. So this can essentially explain why when we probe or when we apply a small bias we We probe more and the contribution of these at states So in order to get the full response the full current voltage characteristics We apply this Technique we take the full IV and then we slide five nanometer and then we take another IV and Just making a long story short. This allows us to expect for all the applied bias conditions a separate contribution essentially the current voltage curve for edges and bulk and this is what you can see here So these are just two sets of profiles taking from here And the most interesting part is that if you compare the the IV curve of the bulk and Against the transport of the edges you see that for the edges you get rather a more linear response But for the bulk you see this Insulating behavior at the lower bias regime, but when you increase the bias you see even actually in the section and the bulk transport takes over So again with the help of the dead and And we wanted to explain this also from a theoretical point of view And what you can see here These are very nice calculation of the wave function distribution. You see that for perfectly hexagonal flakes You get a very strong amplitude of the wave function just at the zigzag edges. So these are perfectly hexagonal Flakes terminated only by zigzag edges and if you calculate the transmittance You see this indication of this strong density of state of state of state peaks that are associated with with the zigzag termination Then if you do the same calculation for armchamp terminated flakes, you see this typical Transmission and this against in agreement with the density of states that is associated with the bulk states So whenever we have a circular flakes, we actually have a combination and this is calculation for 15 nanometer diameter 15 nanometer 15 degrees angular mismatch and you can see how this wave function is strongly localized as zigzag edges and then it was important to Describe how this wave function decaying the bulk for two reasons Essentially, we wanted to use this computational analysis to explain experimental results And we wanted to show that this wave function fully decayed into the bulk already from sizes of about 15 to 20 nanometer and this basically tells us that we can essentially use this And the wave function characteristics or transport in order to explain bigger Flakes by essentially just scaling up according to the geometry in a simple manner and Basically, the second important point is that we can associate the main transport that is related to the edges Just for the first two nanometers. So we get almost two orders of magnitude decay Across the first two nanometer and basically the theoretical approach is to separate the contribution of the transport and the wave functions and First for the first two nanometer around certain firms and Compared with the transport at the bulk regions. So we scale this just in a simple geometric manner. This is what we get What in principle we see is that when we have a better stacking configuration We are completely for the size of the next step System which is 300 nanometer in diameter. We are completely dominated by bulk Transport but if we induce rotation Miss much of 15 degrees we start to be dominated by edge Across the low bias regime and then only if we apply a larger and larger bias Voltage we start to be dominated by the edges. So we can also Integrate essentially These curves and get the current and we get the same trends for the current voltage curves Then it was also interesting to do the scaling analysis and what we've done here We basically calculate the transport for a bulk and edges Separately as function of the radial distance for different applied bias conditions and essentially We would expect that as we increase the size of the contact essentially the bulk will win just because of the geometric scaling and Then we could basically consider this intersection. So these points where bulk transport Takes over and we could basically plot these intersections as function of the voltage And this basically allows us to get this sort of a phase diagram or transition from Edge transport to bulk transport. So for each and every angular mismatch below the curve We are dominated by edge transport and above We are dominated by bulk transport and what was interesting to see is that whenever we increase this angular mismatch We can get at the low bias regime. We can still be dominated by edges at the pretty large Diameters up to 2 microns And if we basically want to compare this with experimental results of experimental We know the diameter of the radius in this case and we can take this intersection basically the point where the bulk takes over which is At about 0.3 volts if we consider the potential drop across the interface and this Indicates that the angular mismatch Experimentally is between 5 and 15 degrees and this is actually a good agreement with the previous came Analysis that we've done considering how the friction scales with size. So this is more or less in Good agreement with what we think that is the angular mismatch in the experimental system and This is a another interesting Experiment so in this case we we have done the same kind of experiment we slide These two measures structures and we measure the current and it turns out that if we focus just across the five nanometer last five nanometer Distance we see a non-set of very strong confluations So if we just remove the background, this is what we see and And Many we see contribution of two different periodicities One is about five answer pick to pick distance and another is to answer me so just considering the registry or the the lattice and structure of the two Graffiti systems. We actually would expect to see these two answer and fluctuations basically whenever we have a large carbon carbon overlap and we would Expect to see this Increase in conductivity, but the other essentially longer period is he was more unexpected and actually this was in pretty good agreement with some Experiments done two years ago in this case. They use great junction graphene system So they break it and Essentially bring it back to contact many many times Integrating and they could also see this essentially larger periodicities at about six five to six answer In this case, they're they're using only bare man stacking. So they start with Essentially a single graphene flake and then they Do this experiment So again with the apple for dead and by an umbrella wanted to explain And how we can basically a sign or what what could the sign What is the fundamental Origin of this longer periodicity? So the first calculation of the current was actually showing us that Experimentally what we would expect is again this larger periodicity. So this is the calculation of the current as function of the sliding And then we also consider and compare it with the registry index which essentially again Describe how the carbon out albums are essentially coming into greater and lower Interaction and again expected here. We saw this to answer them fluctuation So we wanted to again find the essence of this last fluctuation. So we consider how they get the wave function and And That are localized at the zigzag edges and basically come into interaction as function of the sliding Conditions and I think this movie will explain the best what is really going on So in the calculation what we do is sign a Gaussian Function that describes their wave function aptitude atop the carbon atom So even from the calculation itself, we would expect This to answer I'm overla, but essentially when you do this this lighting and you look over the Wave function aptitude, you see that is dramatically changing as function of the position Which tells us that there is some additional interference or coupling Behavior as function of this Motion and coupling essentially what you can see especially Across the last few nanometers you can see this very very strong fluctuations and turns out that this really is The underlying mechanism for the larger periodicity that we that we see And then and then we basically wanted to complete the picture so what you can see here This is sort of a master plot. It's the current as function of the angular Mismatch and the lateral shift just across the few last nanometer. This is the kind This is the registry index again. You see this different behaviors here. It's much more Flactuated and if we consider the Gaussian overlap functions, we basically get a very very Good agreement with the calculation for the console again, this seems to be quite robust For all the different angular configurations and I don't know how basically I'm with the time But I think this is the last slide. So with this I would like to thank you again for listening and of course If there are any questions You do it muted perfectly with time. Oh, thank you very much Thanks a lot questions comments Could I? Yes So thank you very much very very interesting what I probably Not understood Completely how you could separate from your measure data the contribution Coming from you what you are calling the bike and edge What is the what is the? Reason or or how you calculate that You mean I get there from the experimental data. Yes So this is actually Pretty simple. So you see the segment and electric circuit We have some constant resistances that we assign with the system and the top and the bottom Graphite method structures and we assign the changes only For the interface itself and then as we know the function of the area as function of the sliding distance we can basically Basically, you know go through this fitting procedure And extract the contribution. So what I was basically mentioning is that if we only consider a bulk Resistor a variable resistor that is proportional to the area overlap. We cannot really get a good feed This is the best week we can get this blue line and then if we assign another A resistor that is in this case is proportional to the circumference to the circumference So basically this this two different contribution change differently as function of the sliding position and Because of this difference you can actually separate between the two contributions So that means that you supposed to separate these two terms based on the apparent overlap volume Exactly, exactly That was my second question. How you know that that Assumption is Conformed to the reality So I don't fully understand the question So so that what so it is absolutely absolutely very cool what you did and and your model is Absolutely fine with me It has the basic assumption of the dependence of the apparent area, but We don't know in such a nano contact how How the contact takes place? So I mean What I can just say is that this is a strictly your medical analysis Exactly Exactly, and of course, this is why it was important for us to also complete the story You know in terms of theoretical Analysis and this is essentially what you see here and also in the theoretical Analysis we saw that we would expect very strong contribution Of the edges Particularly the zigzag edges that there are likely for example in this case you see this perfect hexagonal flakes You are completely dominated by the transmittance of these Estates, I mean, this is what we know from from the background the transmittance of these estates is Around the zero that this is just to speak around zero energy and this also in accordance to this wave function localization of the zigzag edges. So And this is in contrast for the option. So So there seems to be very different Contributions for the bulk and the estates Okay, okay fine with me. Thank you questions I Have one myself erud so in the last Example that you showed when you had the contact between two circular samples right and you showed These two different periodicities and you explain explain them out very nicely Wouldn't that depend on the relative angle of the two of the two circular things and what does that? Lead did you do it or? so, I mean experimentally we don't have actually Control when we do this experiment and we only did it theoretically. So this is what I was showing in the end So this is just the theoretical calculation. You have the current So this is the twist angle right zero thirty and this is the last This case three nanometers. I think yes. This is the current This is the resist the index and this is the gaussian overlap function right, so you see how it changes there are some some changes, but the periodicity seems to actually be quite robust and What you can nicely see is that as you increase the angular mismatch you are Basically more and more dominated by the edges, right? So you see that only when the two edges are really really aligned You start to see strong transport here. There is sort of a valley I see so the two zigzag edges are Touching when you are in the twist zero. Is that is that right? When is it? Exactly. Yeah, but what we also know from from the other calculation is that when you're close to zero angle You are actually dominated by bulk This is why you see strong transport Whenever you have more overlap And when you break the symmetry you see that actually transport through the bulk or you know I described it through the ball because here you have more overlap So you would expect more current, but it's actually lower You have this higher kind when the two edges are really one on top of the other Okay, well one other thing is In all of this does it matter how you passivate your edge your edges? I mean at the microscopic chemical level or do we have to assume as it Reasonable that these edge states are really so delocalized.  I don't know exactly What this means I would say actually not not too much delocalized But from theoretical point of view and that was also part of some papers About even 10 years ago. They did the analysis of these edge states as function of the different chemical Modifications and they actually saw that this is extremely robust against many many different kind of chemical Modifications actually even in some cases they saw an enhancement of this edge states Which would agree with the topological nature which you alluded to exactly exactly there were other Papers that consider different toughness You know values and again also there they saw very very robust nature of this Of these states. Okay, if we have no more questions and we thank a lot Colin. Thank you very much Next speaker online is Nitya Goswami. Hello