Okay, that seems to have worked. Thank you very much for the sponsors that helped us financing the Europe-Python conference. Without them, we would not be able to do this for you. So let's invite our next speaker. Hello Miki Tbika. Where are you calling us from? Israel. Oh, Israel. Nice. So you're one hour ahead of us. And we are already a bit short on time. So I think it would be good if you start your screen share. I think you're going to show us something about iPython. So that actually works well with the pandas we saw before. Yeah. Okay. So hi everyone. My name is Miki Tbika from 353 Solutions. I've been a Python developer around 25 years now, which makes me old. I'm writing code most of these 25 years, and I'm teaching a lot in the last seven years or so. And during the COVID break, I also wrote a small book called Python Brain Teasers. If you're interested, it's on Gumroad or available on the programmatic bookshelf. And in this talk, I'm going to show you iPython, which is my choice of tool for playing around and starting the program. So the iPython is an interactive prompt, also known as a REPL, which is read eval prompt and loop, which means it's going to read your input, evaluate it, show you the output, and wait for another input. And this is a very effective way of working. You can test your code. You can test assumptions about your code while you're writing your code way before you start having code, which is stable enough for testing. If you read a bit of how Paul Graham is describing programming, he says that we are at the beginning doing what is known as sketches. We're not sure exactly how it's going to form out. So we're playing around with bits of code. And for this type of playing around and trying out things, and also for in data science, the exploratory stage, iPython or the Jupyter notebooks, which most of the stuff I'm going to talk here is also relevant, is a great, great tool. Another thing that is great about iPython is that you don't need to do context switch for almost anything else. Everything you need is at your fingertips. And what you're going to do is just write in iPython. You don't need to do a context switch for the browser or context switch to an editor and running tests. Everything is right there, so you can stay focused and see what's going on. So what we're going to do is I'm going to have a task, which is I'm going to load compressed log files from a directory to a pandas data frame. And throughout this task, I'm going to mention some of the features that iPython is helping. And note that some of the code that's written here is specific to iPython, meaning if you copy and paste it to a Python script and try to run Python on it, it's not going to work. This is not just pure Python. So the first thing we want to have a look is where am I? What's the current directory? So I'm starting with the percent sign. The percent sign is what is known as a magic command in iPython. And the PWD magic command is saying what is the current directory? And I can see that the current directory is this directory that I'm here. And there are a lot of magic commands. You can use the magic magic to have a look at all the magic commands out there. And you can even write your own magic. And we will cover some of them throughout this. Okay, so the logs directory is here under this directory in the logs directory. And instead of doing copy and paste, I can use the output. So if you notice on the left side, there is an out. And iPython is saving the output for you every time. So I can do logs there equal out of four plus logs. And now I have the logs directory, which is there. And yes, iPython is going to consume memory because it's going to keep almost everything in memory. But it's really nice, especially if you run something that takes five or six minutes and then, oh, I forgot to save it in a variable, it's right there. Now I want to have a look at what are the files that are found in this directory. I can use the Python one, or I can use the command line, in my case LS, because I'm running on a Linux machine, to see what's there. And I can pass the logs directory as a variable to the LS command, and I can see what are the files that are found. Right, I can pass direct parameters like this, or I can do incurly braces, and both of these, oh, sorry, LS. Okay, so maybe something has changed since the last time I checked it. This used to work as well. But these are live demos for you, right? You've got to live on the edge. So I want to see the files, and I want to get them into a variable so I can play around with them. So I can do file equal LS logs there. Oh, I see, I had a typo. There was an x to s on the end. It should work without it. Okay, and I'm going to use the long format for the LS. And now when I'm looking at files, I see that I get the list of files that is basically the output of the LS command. And note that this thing is not exactly a Python list. It looks like a list, and you can access things from it, but it's not exactly a list. And if you do files dot and then hit the tab key, iPython is going to open all the possible completions for you as a menu, and you can scroll down and see what's going on. And if you'll start with the prefix, it will show only the things that start with that prefix. So you can do that. For example, I want to get rid of, I want to have a look only at the log files, and not on the char signature or the total. So I can do glob of the word log, sorry, grab on the word log. And now I can see only the log files. Okay, so I can do log files equal files dot grab of log. And now I have only the log files in this list. Another thing that this list object has, it's already split the output into fields. So if I'm doing logs files dot fields, and I'll take the fourth field, I'm going to get the file sizes. So to see what is the total amount of data that I have. So this is the amount of data that they have in this directory. If I want to see it in megabytes, for example, again, I can use that and two to the power of 20 is one megabytes. So I have 4.8 megabytes in this directory. So I can do a lot of exploration on the file system, on data, et cetera, to do that. Okay, so let's pick a single log file. So a log file is logs deer plus design plus plus logs files. And we'll take the last fields, which is the final name, and we'll take the first one. Right, so now I have a log file that I can play with. Now it's always a good idea to have a look at the data before you start to pass it. This file is compressed with a format known as XZ. In Python, there is an LZMA library, which knows how to work with these files. But before we are going to do that, I just want to have a quick look at that. So I'm going to use another utility from the command line known as XZcat.  And let's take just five lines to have a look. Right, so I can see that these are the lines that are inside this file. Okay, so let's gather some lines. So I can say lines, and let's get 15 lines. And now I have these lines that I can look around and see how can I start passing them and to pass them into a data frame. So let's pick one line. Let's say line number three. And here we have the line. So we see we have the host. We have the timestamp. We have the path. We have the HTTP status. And we have how many bytes were sent back. And we're going to use the simple approach of just using split. So lines.split, sorry, line.split. Whoa, I'm making tons of mistakes. Better to do them now, right? So these are the fields that I'm going to have. What I like to do usually is to see the fields with their position. So now I can see that field zero is the host name and field three and four are the timestamp, field five has the HTTP verb with an extra at the beginning, et cetera, et cetera. So now I can go and start writing my code. And you can write code in IPython. It has pretty good support for walking with multi-line code. But at this stage, I usually like to invoke an editor. And as I said, I'm old. So I'm going to use an editor, which is older than me, which is known as VIM. So the magic command, what it's going to do, it's going to run an editor, which is defined either by environment, variable, or by configuration on a file. And once you finish with the editor and you exit the editor, it's going to inject all of these code into IPython. So I'm going to edit logs.py. Oh, I forgot to, I wanted to copy all of these lines, sorry. Okay. And now edit log.logs.py. And now I can put the data that I have here, just as a reminder while I'm working to see what's going on. And then I can do pass line for line. So fields is line.split. And now I can return a dictionary with all the lines. All right. So the origin is fields zero. And the time is fields three plus space, fields four. And methods is fields five. And I'm going to trim this leading. And then the path, which is fields six. And then we have the status code, which is int of fields minus two. And the last one, which is the size, which is int of fields minus one. Okay. So this is how I can pass the line. And now when I exit the editor, I have this function ready here and I can check it on the line. And see that it looks fine, right? So origin, the time, the method, et cetera, et cetera. All of them looks okay. So now I can go over the lines. So for line in lines. And I can do print pass line of line. So I'm checking my code right as I write it. Everything is fresh in my memory. And I know exactly what I'm doing. If you notice this printing is a little bit different than how the shell showed the previous pass line, right? This one is nicer. And this is because I Python is using something known as pretty printing. So it shows you some of the built-in data structures such as dictionaries and lists in a nicer format for us. If you want to use it yourself, you can use it also in your code with pprint. And then just add a p here. And now the code is easier to pass and see what's going on. Okay, and you can use the errors to scroll through history in iPython. And now, once I checked my code on a small amount of data and it looks fine, now I want to check it on a whole file. I want to have a look. So as I said, the name of the library is called LZMA. It's available in Python, I think 3.6 and up as a compression library. But I don't really sure how to work with it. All right, so in Python, we have the built-in dir command that shows us what's available as an attribute inside the module, and this open command here looks promising. But I want to check the help. So I can use a question mark, which is a shortcut in iPython to get the built-in help about an object. And if you use two question marks, you will get the source code. And sometimes, because the commutation is not as great, viewing the source code is helpful. So when I'm looking at the help, I see that I get a file name and I get a mode, which is by default binary. But in my case, I know I want a textual file, so that's what I'm going to do. Okay, so with LZMA.open, and we have our log file, and we have our log file. And we're going to say it's a textual for a line in fp. And I'm not going to print it out because there are lots of lines. I just want to see that there is no pass line of line. And we see that we have some kind of an exception. We'd like to understand what was wrong and how it failed. And this is another magic command in iPython that can help you during development. There is a magic command called PDB. PDB, if you don't know, it's the Python debugger. It's text-based debuggers that most of the editors that use it under the hood to run debugging. And if you vote PDB, what iPython is going to do, once there is an encode exception, it's going to start the debugger exactly at that location. So if you want, I won't get into PDB. There is a shortcut for help about all the commands that you can have. L is showing you what's going on. But basically, I want to look at fields. And I see that this field is an empty sign, a minus sign, because we got four of four. So there are no bytes sent out. So now I know how to fix my code. I can do quit. And then I can go back and edit my code. All right, so I'm going to change it a bit and do size equal 0 if fields minus 1 is minus else int of fields minus 1. And I'm going to change it to size. Okay, and now I can run the code again. And now it's fine. Once you're done with that, I recommend turning PDB off because it's going to be really annoying on every mistake to get the debugger somewhere down the line. Okay, I can also check, for example, how much time it takes. So there is time and there is time it magic. So pass line of line. And I see that passing one line. And that's a good way, by the way, if you're cold in the winter to heat up your CPU. Also a good way in doing live demos to waste some time. So we see that it's about 1.69 microseconds per loop. If you want to check a bigger piece of code, for example, this code, you can do it with two percent marks. And this becomes now what is known as cell magic. Meaning it's going to run this magic on the whole code on the whole cell and not just on one line. So what I have in line 52 is called line magic. And this is cell magic. This is now going to check how much it takes for the process of the whole file. It's what it's 328 milliseconds. Okay, so once I'm done with that, I can do records equal pass line for line for lining lzma.open log file. And then import pandas as PD. And the f equal PD.data frame from records. Now we can have a look at our data frame. I'm running short of time. Okay, and it looks fine. Sometimes when I'm showing the whole data frame, it looks too much. And the nice thing about pandas with the combination of iPad on a Jupyter notebook, that pandas knows a lot about that. So I can do a PD.this options and that display max rows equal five. And then when I'm showing the data frame, I will get less of a context. With that, there are a lot of options in pandas and in ipython to play around with these things. So there is a configuration file that you can do a lot of other things with it. You can save the history, you can do a lot of things. Apart from everything that is built in, you can also use a lot of extensions to Python. So there's ipython SQL, for example, which is an extension for working with SQL. So I can do SQL and I'm telling it to connect to the SQLite database of the weather.db, sorry, load ext sql and now I need to do, I can do SQLite 3. Oh, it's my day of typos. I'm really sorry about that. So SQLite, the weatherdb and now I can do sql select weather where the temperature is bigger than zero. And this is going to give me a list of lines. I can do also config sql magic dot auto pandas equal true. And then if I'm running this again, I'm going to get it in a data frame, which I can join with my data frame for what I'm doing. As I said, there are a lot of configuration options in ipython and you can use them. If you're working with another editor, not like me in vim, but with pycharm or something else, you don't have to drop the ipython support. In pycharm itself, there is a configuration option. In the console, use ipython if available. And then once you do that, you will see that the console is now with ipython. And what you can do when you're running code, instead of doing run, you can select a piece of code and do right click and execute selection in the ipython console. And this is going to work very much like it worked with edit magic. This is going to run it. And now you have pass line here, which you can try it out and do many things. So even if you're not old like me and using vim, but you want to use pycharm or other editors, you can use them still successfully with ipython. And of course, there is an extensive configuration file. You can add your own magic commands. This one is very useful for me. And that's about it. Thank you very much for listening in. And I hope you'll consider using ipython in your development process. I think it will speed it up and make you much more efficient developer. So thank you very much. Let's stop the video. We have one question for you. Can you also use PUDB as a magic command? Probably, yes. I don't know. Maybe there is a built in magic already someone wrote for it or if you installed PUDB, there is already installed an extension. I haven't checked it. PUDB is a debugger, which is more visual than PUDB. So it shows you a nicer environment, but it's still textual based. So you can use it over SSH sessions and other commands. I haven't checked it. Maybe there is a configuration file. Okay. Thank you. There's also questions coming in last minute. Getting extra votes for this as well. When you finish the coding, how do you save everything into one file? So there is a magic called history, which you can save things. I won't go into whatever it does. I'm using showing the Python problem, showing the output and showing where to save. And then edit-access don't run the file. I have all of these here. And what I usually do, I save it as a Python file and then I start transforming this Python file into a module or something which I want to work with. But you could type that into Vim from there as well. Yeah. But I'm just saying I'm saving the history.log and then I'm opening this log. Probably a history.py was a better name for that. And from there I'm starting anything. It's the same problem when you work with Jupyter notebooks and you have your notebook and now you want to convert it to a module that other people can use. It has an option to export it to a Python file and then you start restructuring this Python file for a more specific Python code. And as I said at the beginning, this is for the exploratory phase. When you're trying out things, we're not sure how the code is going to look. Once you have a good notion of how the code is going to look, you should switch to my ID, which is Vim, but any other ID writing tests and writing Python code is at large. Okay. Thank you very much. We don't have time for more questions in here. I see more coming in and there's also some discussion in the Discord channel. So if you have further questions, please ask them there. I have to thank you for your talk. It was very interesting.


The OECS authority also received a summary report on the Mount Paley situation in Martinique. Martinique was at a yellow alert level as of December 4, 2020 due to a resurgence of activity on the Mount Paley volcano. The activity began in April 2019, recorded at 10 km below sea level, a situation which scientists have said will result in the surfacing of magmatic fluid. There has been an increase in seismic activities as of November 2020 and research is continuing to determine the process and the origin of the signals and the actual evidence of more developments. Yellow alert means the enforcement of scientific observation of the volcano. Martinique is being supported by the OECS, UE and Paris Globe Institute of Physics.


I trudge along the grimy reddit halls, all crowded by the role-playing know-it-alls. I'll win the contest, you will see, they cried, to craft the perfect post to please they tried. In melancholy slowly stride I did, and thought how I would stand apart amid, these writers brimming with expérience, emerging from the war victorious. Filled with authors such as these can one, true stars like decibels and modulum, a single skip or tale did I not write. Of course without a doubt I'm filled with fright. I need to talk to Marv to have a chance, and so to find my mentor I advanced. I stopped, I heard a roar across the sky, aghast I turned to face the howling cry, and past the skies I saw a monster fly, metallic beast it was with shining eyes. The apparition forced itself on me, reveal yourself before I count to three. Oh please, I begged, I'm searching for a Marv. That's me, it growled just tell me who you are. Its arms were made of solid brass, its claws reminded me of Church of Broken God. A bot of course, no trace of human soul, just miles of spinning gears and smoking coal. Regalus with your tales great Marv I begged, you want my thoughts, well fine I shall, it said. Request a skip, I do declare I cry, and lo I show I search your text and try, to find the numbers hidden in your post, and keep in mind that I don't mean to boast, mere seconds later give you my reply, but I admit sometimes I go awry. However, find that I am still alive, because it's clear on me you still rely.      I'm virtual yet I do feel the flames of wrath and glowing green of envy, shame. I'm missing proper head and limbs I keep on dreaming snapping heads and cutting arms, but laughing as I watch them squirm and cry, yet pleading please I know that I could search this skip without your help and smiling as the twisted feeling of regret just creeps along their pained and weeping vulgar face. Take fun of all my failures as you may, but when the robots come on flesh I pray. A puny cactus dares to halt my rants, I'll have you know I'm quite repulsed by plants. You claim to mod this sub, but where I laugh?  A mod?  The sky above the port shall soon be mine. I live forever mortal beings will die. You think you're fast but can't keep up with me. Of course I'm better, I don't care for sleep. Why call me Lorax representing bots, forever helpful happy toys were not. The rules are broken only for a day, thus causing all this marvin writing fray.  You fill your comments full of feeble prose, yet bots have mastered poems like were prose. So treat us kindly unless you face on wrath, I'd warn but ha, too late we chose our path. I'm still the bot you know and dearly love. At times you know I may not try enough, but though the seething flames of hate are light, when bouts of anger slowly do subside, and tranquil gaiety quenches smoking coals, content I feel to help, I hope it shows.


USS John Paul Jones finished two successful live-fire tests of the Aegis Weapon System this month. The ship used radar to detect, track and fire at a target acting as a high-speed cruise missile. She's the first guided missile destroyer to receive the latest upgrades for the new Aegis Weapon System. These upgrades improve the capabilities of the Navy's fleet, keeping war fighting first. Speaking of tests, do you know your college's accreditation? If not, it could cost you in the long run. There are three accreditations, national, regional and special. There isn't a preferred accreditation, but not having one can affect your eligibility for commissioning programs and transferring college credits. For help in evaluating schools, visit your Navy College office or the College Navigator website. Read more about these stories at navy.mil. From all hands update, thanks for watching.


Advances in nanoparticle, NP, production and demand for control over nanoscale systems have had significant impact on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, term. NPs with low toxicity, contrasting agent properties, tailorable characteristics, targeted slash stimuli, response delivery potential, and precise control over behavior, via external stimuli such as magnetic fields, have made it possible their use for improving engineered tissues and overcoming obstacles in term. Functional tissue and organ replacements require a high degree of spatial and temporal control over the biological events and also their real-time monitoring. Presentation and local delivery of bioactive, growth factors, chemokines, inhibitors, cytokines, genes, etc., and contrast agents in a controlled manner are important implements to exert control over and monitor the engineered tissues. This need resulted in utilization of NP-based systems in tissue engineering scaffolds for delivery of multiple growth factors, for providing contrast for imaging and also for controlling properties of the scaffolds. Depending on the application, materials, as polymers, metals, ceramics, and their different composites can be. This article was authored by Milad Fathya Chakaluye, Helena Knapf-Marquez, Helena Knapf-Marquez, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


المكي هو أي شيء that came down before the Hijrah ما نزل قبل الهجرح أي شيء that came down before the Hijrah المساعدة التي نقول before the Hijrah even if it came down in other than Makkah it doesn't have to come down in Makkah it's as long as it's before the Hijrah مثل إذا كان المساعدة صلى الله عليه وسلم كانت في طايف و this is before the Hijrah he was in Taif remember when he got stoned and pushed out of Taif القرآن that came down in Taif is called Makki because it came down before the Hijrah are you with me brothers and anything that came down بعد the Hijrah ما نزل anything that came down in what after the Hijrah it's considered what مدني even if it came down in Makkah are you with me brothers like the ayat that came down in Hajj اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي و رضيت لكم الإسلام الدينة it came down in Arafa but what is it called مدني even though it's Makkah and it's inna it's called what مدني why because it came down after the Hijrah are you with me brothers so now we understand what is Makki and Medeni this is the strongest opinion that Makki is anything that came down before the Hijrah and Medeni is what came down after after the Hijrah anything that came down after the Hijrah that's the first point the first point was today what to define what Makki means and to define what مدني means good now we're going to move on to the next one which is how many Suras in the Quran are Makki and how many Suras in the Quran are Medeni how many Suras are Medeni and how many are Makki the Medeni are 20 the Medeni are 20 20 of it is Medeni and the second one is Makki is about 80 82 and 12 is disputed so we divide it into 3 are you with me brothers 82 of them came down in what Makka 20 of it came down in what and 12 of it is disputed is it Makki or is it Medeni خلاف does that make sense benefit take this benefit down which one is more who believes which one if you believe Makki is more I believe Makki is more who believes Medeni is more I also believe Medeni is more how did that happen good so Makki is more in numbers of Suras and Medeni are more in size if you open the Quran now and you look at the 20 that are Makki Medeni you see is bigger is more thicker then the part that's what the Suras that are Makki are small does that make sense and this is the justice of Allah and 12 is what 12 is مختلفن فيه it's disputed where should we take it should we say Makki should we say Medeni in case scholars disputed regarding it so what would we do we define what Makki and Medeni means true or false true or false did I define what Makki and Medeni is we now know what it is right point number 2 did I tell you how much Makki are and how much are Medeni did I yeah good point number 3 how do we recognize Makki and how do we know Medeni how do we recognize it الطريق إلى معرفة المكي طريق إلى معرفة المدني so the next point is how do we recognize it how do you recognize what is Makki الطريق إلى إلى معرفة إلى معرفة المكي والمدني how do we recognize it number 1 the first way that we recognize it is it's in two ways first of all it's in what it's in two ways the first one is انقلو السماعي the first one is انقلو السماعي by transmission transmission transmission is the first way that we know Makki from Medeni نقل here is transmission السماعي is oral transmission okay oral oral transmission meaning the companions will say to us that this سورة came down here and this one came down it came down ولي ذلك عبدالله من عباس من it came to the ayah يا ايو النبي حسبك الله ومن يتبعك من المؤمنين this ayah with him عباسي he said نزل بعد إسلام عمر آفت أبو عمر رضي الله عنه became a Muslim الله said this ayah يا ايو النبي حسبك الله الله is enough for you Muhammad you and your followers الله is going to take care of you look at that عمر is coming to Islam انا for Islam and the Muslims are you with me brothers when did عمر take Islam Makka or Medina then we know this ayah is what we know it's Makki we know it's what we know it's Makki so this is نقل سماعي we have oral transmission for it also the ayah الله سبحانه وتعالى he says بلساعة ومعيدهم والساعة أدها وأمر عايش رضي الله تعالى عنها she said she said it came down وانا عنده I was with him صلى الله عليه وسلم it came down she said صورة البقرة عايش رضي الله تعالى عنها and صورة النساء what did she say I was with the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم when it came down so we know صورة النساء and صورة البقرة and this ayah in صورة القمر all of them came down in what in Medina because the prophet when did he enter on to Aisha in Medina and this is نقل سماعي only I have a chain صحابي سينس I'm a Sahabi of Sainess the second type in which we can know what is the second way to know Makki from Medini is القياس are you with me brothers the first one that I mentioned which is النقل السماعي the first one which one's fall into this the two types that we mentioned before the 82 that were what that were Makki and the 20 that were what Medini all of those are نقل السماعي we have transmission for that that's why those are agreed like in the 12 that are disputed is all based upon what القياس are doing independent reasoning what are they doing the independent reasoning they're looking how can we know this is each one is saying it follows my guidelines it's not following your guidelines it's actually following my guidelines it's Medini it's Makki I found this characteristics in it okay in order to say that it's Makki okay we're gonna now stand over this one this one we already know we have sent it for it we have a chain we look into it Makki and Medini this 12 what guideline did the scholars follow in order to determine it's Makki or Medini does that make sense this 12 am I making sense yeah why does it feel like I'm not why do I feel like I'm not making sense okay how did they how did they recognize it or how did they determine these 12 they follow two things what did they follow they follow two things the first one is called السيمات اللفضية and the second one is السيمات الموبو what did they follow السيمات اللفضية they looked at the wordings that are used in Makki and the wordings that are used in Medina and they made that their distinguishing factor so السيمات here means السيمات means characteristics attributes so they looked at the wordings what type of wordings okay were used in Makki and if they see that in an ayah they say what because they already have 20 and they have 82 which is Makki so they look at the 20 of Makka that they have I mean 20 of Medina that they have and they use that as a guideline to identify and the 82 which is Makka they look at the wordings that are used here for example let's look at wordings that are known to be used the word كلا the word كلا this word كلا is known as a in the صور المكية the word كلا it's known in Makka it's been used in Makka the reason is because they say it's been used as a زجر and a توبيخ rebuking scolding and they said this was because of the مشنكي قرش this is the language that was used for قرش كلا when you read in the Quran كلا لا تطوع هو سجد وقترب you'll find that so it's صور مكية the second thing that they mention is سجد سجد سجده the wordings that are mentioned to prostrate فسجد لله وعبودون it's used in Makka so the second one is so the word كلا I recommend it's سجود التلاوة okay سجود تلاوة it's wordings that are used in what it's مكن so they identified that with مكة القسم promises and oaths that are used like لا أقسموا بهذا البلد والفجر والضحا عن والليون all of them are what they generally what القسم so they looked at these words and they these are مكن or مدنين very good when we look at wordings that talk about حدود حدود meaning capital punishments فرائف obligatory acts like this obligatory have to do this action mainly شرائع legislations زكات صوم حج things like that they are generally مدنين are you with me brothers نفاق and the منافقين there wasn't no منافقين in مكة are you with me brothers but in مدينة there was منافقين so exposing the منافقين and talking about the منافق is in مدينة so these are wordings that they realize what سمات لفضية this is where the اجتحاد is based on are you with me brothers the second way that they look at it is سمات موضوعية they look at the topic that's been discussed here are you with me brothers they may not see the word that they're looking for but they might look at the topic that is talking about سمات موضوعية the overall meaning of this verse what is it talking about so for example the سورة in مكة they talk about mainly what اقيدة they talk about التوحيد ابعال الشرق speaking about شرق I do worshipping believing in the resurrection صحيح that topic and that meaning it's mainly what good مديني اللاكن what is it known for it's known for the topics of عبادة right the topics of عبادة that we know books of عبادة what do they deal with generally if you open a a fiq book and you're studying a fiq book fiq book the scholars they categorize into harmony there's different types of تقسيمات but at عبادة and then you have المعاملات and then you have النكاح and then you have الحدود the transaction is معاملات بويور and stuff like that fiq books are only these four are you with your brothers so you عبادة this is issues pertaining to مدينة المعاملات the transaction buying and selling مدينة it's where مدينة came نكاح and its rulings مدينة what this came about in مدينة الحدود capital punishments and whatnot all of this came in what in مدينة generally speaking لكن ما يتعلق بالتوحيد والبعث والمشور resurrection day of judgment believing in الله تعالى and et cetera this is mainly what mainly مكة mainly مكة okay it doesn't mean it wasn't mentioned in مدينة but مدينة now other things have been adding on now also مدينة it has they realized and there's a dispute whether we should put this into سمات العفضية or the سمات الموضوعية مدينة if you look at it the ayat are longer and he make the ayat what شوطة I want to take a benefit out of this ابن القيم well he took the benefit out of it but I want to share it with you do you know why شوطة versus and مدينة has longer verses because مكة the people were eloquent they were Arabs they didn't need a lot of كلام summarized to the point they understood like in مدينة they were not as eloquent as the people of مكة so the ayat needs to explain itself more more more and this is something that brings me to the next point which is why is it beneficial to learn مكة and مدينة all of these are things that you learn when you're talking to a group of people who are intellectual and smart there's a way that you talk to them and when you're talking to a people who need some things to be broken down and to be made easy and to explain and explain and explain you learn to do that this is where they take from بلاغة مراعات مختض المخاطب observing who you're talking to and the person you're discussing with the Quran teaches you how to talk it teaches you are you with me brothers it teaches you before you speak to this person find out what is it that they are lacking what are they lacking and in marketing before you go for an interview right job what do you do you look up the company that's going to give you the jobs you learn about it you see whether they are their history they're about and then when they ask you questions you say yeah I've looked at your company your revenues this much and this is how much you turned over in the gross profit and when they see you've read about them what happens you know we're going to give you the job man you're a really serious guy but all of these are found in the Quran and the Sunnah what did the process I'm saying to Mu'ad ya Mu'ad Mu'ad you're going to go to the people of the scripture he told me in advance be careful these are not normal people they are not they have a scripture they have a book they have a religion they're going to come with doubts they're going to come out with arguments they're going to come out with points إنك ستأتي قوم هالي كتاب are you with me brothers learning who you're going to talk to and who you're going to and who you're going to discuss issues with but if that person comes up to you and he asks you a question your question will be so effective if you try to look at the surroundings and the place that you're at are you with me brothers well like some of the Mashayikhs when they came and visited us in the UK the first day what they would do is they would ask us about the country and the culture and what is it that the people do and how do people spend their time so some of the Mashayikh do that so when they gave the fatwa they knew where the answer was going are you with me they knew how they were dealing with the issue because the fatwa it revolves around to know the waka that you're dealing with and the situation that you're dealing with and the people that you're tackling their issue okay so those are the benefits that learning Maki and Medeni benefits you also by studying a Maki and a Medeni what does it also give you it gives you the ability to know what verse is abrogated and what is an abrogated for example if we can't reconcile between a Maki and a Medeni what do we do we'll say that the Maki abrogated the Medeni sorry that the Medeni abrogated the Maki the Medeni because he came later he abrogated this ruling this ruling is no longer implemented are you with me knowing the timing that's the benefit it helps you when you come to the chapter of ما يتعلق بالتعارض والترجيح texts coming together how to reconcile between them or benefit you you'll also learn how to give Dawah just by studying Maki and Medeni you will learn how to give Dawah how the messenger and how he gave what in Medina are you with me brothers I thank you that is what we needed for today regarding this one إن شاء الله أسأل الله أن يبارك فيكم وأن يوفقكم لما يحبه ويرضع وينجعلكم من أهل القرآن أهله وخاصته anything which I have said that was wrong or incorrect is from me and Shaytan and Allah and his messenger are free from it سبحانك اللهم بحمدك أشهد ولا إله إلا الله استغفرك واتوب إلي any questions أفضل yes doesn't mean every sura that's Maki that every ayah in it is Maki some scholars will say this sura is Maki إلا آية كذا وكذا this sura is Maki except ayah so and so it's Medeni are you with me brothers it could happen when did it started to come out as you can see I'm sorry as in these were the because it was stated remember they didn't give all of their importance the brother asked a very good question he said where did they find out Maki from Medeni and I said the Sahab has mentioned it so the brother asked another question he said what about the third group how did they come about then the group that are disputing if the Sahab spoke about this issue that means we should all have the نقل السماعي we don't need which is the Sahab didn't speak about every verse there are some places nobody spoke about we don't have no no oral textual evidence for it silent about no one spoke about it no one said anything about it that's why you find that some of the scholars they differ on the abrogation due to the fact of Maki and Medeni well in that he can there's a line of poetry that I advise you all to memorize if you want to know all of the which are Maki and all of the which are Medeni I will speak to brother Munawar and insha'Allah he will send you the lines of poetry to or benefit you you'll learn the which are Medeni Maki today I apologize I really went fast in Aqidah but I had to it was my last class I had no other option I had no other option I had to go fast in Aqidah but I know insha'Allah it's recorded so be with me you can go to the recording and go over it again and again and if you do have any questions on any issue regarding the Aqidah that I said that you didn't understand insha'Allah you can call in to have a session with me and the word call Munawar you can have a session ask me the questions that you have if you want me to explain some issues for you why did I say that why did I say that some brothers they were like you have that option insha'Allah okay there's three questions from the sisters please repeat the three things that the Prophet ﷺ asked Allah out of which two were granted the three that he asked them was that Allah does not punish the people with one punishment what they call a natural disaster we don't believe it's natural disaster or Allah is testing okay it's not natural it doesn't just happen it happens with whose will so like floods earthquakes it happens but the Prophet made that it doesn't happen to the so you're not going to see the whole world earthquake today it won't happen but it might happen in one place and not another place so Allah said I'll give that to you the second du'a that the Messenger ﷺ was our Allah don't bring an enemy to my umma يستريح بيضطهم that takes everything that they own and takes their land and everything and massacres them and butches them to the umma in totality so it may happen in one place and not another place Allah said I'll give that to you the third one was to divide my umma into groups and they make each other taste pain Allah said this one I won't give you this one I won't give you so this one happens it takes place it's happening everywhere in the world right now my Allah unite us upon the Haqq my Allah unite us upon the Haqq the second question is the two subdivisions under the gulat of the shia'a the two groups we mentioned under the shia'a the gulat we said we said and it's what does means did Allah make promises and what did Allah also promise punishments right is Allah going to fulfill all of the promises that He makes and all the punishments أهل السنة believe Allah will fulfill the promises that He made but as for the punishments because He's very merciful He may choose to not put a person through a punishment لكن المعتزل they believe إن فاد الوعد والوعيد إن فاد الوعد did Allah not promise that He's going to punish you for drinking khamar He's going to punish you there's no way out of this one does that make sense are you there are you there إن شاء عفا عنه إن شاء غفرة إن شاء عذبه إن شاء وعيد الوعد إن شاء عذبه إن شاء ده إن شاء عم كان أنه يجب أن ي lithظ الملح إن شاء وعيد الجليف إن شاء���ه ان she'll kill many peopleهم يجب أن يلهد at a road at a구 at a quran at a civil war andervight سوف نتكيب الكبيرة كل هذه سوف نتكيب في بوكس العقيد إن شاء الله الموضوعية ها مكي مكي أسأل ترحيد عقيدة ترحيد عقيدة ميلي ترحيد and البعث the resurrection those knee are mainly what Makya deal with also and just a side benefit إن شاء الله I would advise you all شيخ سلمان الرحيلي is here right now he's here he's got a door he started yesterday he went through a nice benefit with us I would advise you to all come to benefit إن شاء الله today is after what after Asir try to come إن شاء الله to benefit from that door إن شاء الله it's about marriage and wives and spouse and benefit a lot of us have these questions all the time estimate means characteristics attributes is cool he wrote a lot of books رسالة إلى أهل الثقر any other questions فضل oh sorry you had a question this issue of taking the Quran as a science book مقالف لي مع عليه سلف why because science is based upon ضنيات speculation and assumption and so science is evolving it's changing and one day it's this and one day it's that and so if you say that this ayah means this and the after investigation they find out oh you know what the world is flat it's actually not round okay and then they say to you the world are you saying now there's an ayah for us that supports us and they say you know what it's round again and then you go you got another ayah for that one as well because science is based upon induction it's based upon it's not solid and it's never it's changing and it's time because humans is very weak we haven't seen everything and the Quran has to be still are you with me brothers so interpreting the Quran into science points it has its problems in London what happened we found there was a a mushaf that was found in Birmingham you remember brothers in the UK it was a mushaf was found and I told some brothers let's not give it any publicity because we believe it regardless of whether it's found or not the reason why I say if we give and we use this as evidence and say Alhamdulillah a mushaf has been found and it really resembles the mushaf that we have now we are upon the haq and we use that as an argument what about if they say we found another portion of it it doesn't go according to your Quran what are you going to do now are you with me brothers for us we don't even base our evidence on this mushaf that was found whether it's found or not we have a saaneed طرق chains we looked at it reached something called multitude narration so most of them should be very فطن your way of saying that this is my evidence they look at carbon this is what the carbon dating is what they are using it's not طرق it's not a way to affirm a book so aslan you're in a trouble when later they say we found another portion of the Quran or another part of it you can't get out of it because you used that as the evidence yesterday so it's going to be حلال على بلا بيله when you want it you can use it when you don't you're like no no no this is wrong you can't say that later okay last question that's a long discussion and that's محاضرات it's a long discussion لكن مسألة فيه تفصيل I read the كتاب written by the كتاب because the he talks about it in that book okay stop سبحانك اللهم أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله أستغفر


I get this question all the time from coaches that are either new with business or they have a business and they want to grow to a different level. People always ask me all the time, Ben, how do you get better at sales? And first I want to tell you, when I started my business, I was absolutely terrible at sales. I would stutter all the time when I talked to parents over the phone. I did not know how to present myself. And I lost a lot of money at the beginning of my business because I did not have that skill down. Now I'm just going to share from my experience how I got better and how I continue to improve at sales. And a lot of the top coaches that I work with, they do exactly what I'm about to share with you here. And if you have a pen and piece of paper, this is going to help you a lot. This is not going to be a super long video. The first thing that you need to do is you have to put yourself in uncomfortable situations. And one of those uncomfortable situations that you should put yourself in is when you're promoting something, don't just rely on social media. Don't just rely on email marketing. I want you to start taking your phone and making some calls to prospects or clients. And it's crazy.  If they do pick up the phone, you can talk to them like a normal person because they're already part of your program. And it's amazing what you can do with one client. You can have them upgrade. You can have them buy so many other different types of things that you offer in your program if you're willing to have that conversation. So calling active clients is huge. And I've seen people go from like 20 clients to 60 clients or 20 clients who are part of like a three-month program to 20 clients who now are part of a 12-month program because of a simple phone call. Now that is very important with clients. And then I look at prospects, people that you've already talked to, the fastest way to get better at sales is give them a call, right? Don't just assume that everyone's going to see everything that you post on social media because that's not true, right? It's not true. If you have the best videos or you might have the most content in your area for what you do with your business, that doesn't mean everyone's going to see it. That's good to have. But if you have someone's phone number, you can just pick up the phone dial their number, call them and talk to them like a normal person. And I want you to count over the next 30 days how many times that you get phone calls from people that you don't even know, that somehow they got your number, they're trying to sell you something.  Here's the thing, you're not doing spam calls to people that you've already talked with. These are people that already know you, they already know what you do, they already know about how you can help their child. So it's not a spam call if you just pick up the phone call people, right? And it's amazing what can be done over a 30 day period of time if you just pick up the phone and you call, right? If you avoid that in your business, I will just tell you, there's very little that you can do to improve on sales if you don't get the reps in, right? If you get the reps in daily, how much better do you think you'll get in 30 days from now? What do you think will be in a year from now if you just do that one simple thing, right? So instead of hiding behind your phone and hiding and doing all these social media posts, pick up the phone, call people. And if you're watching this and you're like, well, I don't know what to say, right? I would recommend taking me up on a quick 15 minute call. I can help you figure out what to say, all right, based on what your offer is or what you're promoting. And that's something that I'm really good at helping coaches with and a lot of the coaches that we work with now, they utilize what I'm talking about and they're able to grow their business every month because they pick up the phone, I call people, right?  So if you're watching this, you want to grow your business, call people, don't hide from it. And if you want help with that and you are like, have questions about, well, what should I say? Or how should I close them? Get on a call with me. It's free. It's 15 minutes. Go down right below this video. There's going to be a link where you can see my phone number. You just text me at that number and I would love to see how I can help you out. That's it. Catch you later.


The final item of business today is a member's business debate on motion number 1-2-5-0, in the name of Annabelle Goldie, on Greenock Ocean Terminal. This debate will be concluded without any questions being put, and I would be grateful if members who wish to speak in the debate could please press the request to speak buttons now. I call on Annabelle Goldie to open the debate seven minutes or so, Ms Goldie. Deputy Presiding Officer, thank you very much indeed. I'm delighted that this motion has been selected for debate, and I want to thank everyone who has supported it. Greenock Ocean Terminal, in the beautiful Clyde Estuary in Scotland's west coast, offers a unique facility, a deep water key and modern key side facilities. The natural deep water port of Greenock offers a safe port for cruise ships of all sizes, accessible 24-7 with no tidal or lock restrictions. So, Greenock Ocean Terminal is a success story for Inverclyde, and I'm delighted to be able to debate this motion today. The terminal has arisen like a phoenix from the old Princess Peer, so beloved by the farm of passengers of the old Clyde steamers, and I'm indebted to the Greenock Telegraph for much of the information in my speech. Peel ports who own the cruise terminal have predicted that in 2015 it will become the first port in Scotland to handle over 100,000 passengers making it the biggest and busiest passenger port in Scotland. During the year, 56 ships transporting a total of 108,866 passengers are expected to call at Greenock Ocean Terminal, and that represents seven more vessels than in 2014. Passengers and numbers are interesting. They have more than quadrupled at Greenock over the last eight years in 2000. Over 28,000 passengers passed through the terminal, and last year the figure was in excess of 92,000. It has been predicted that the Inverclyde economy will receive an £8.7 million boost from the expected record-breaking number of tourists and visiting crew. Tourists and crew members spending locally are a huge help to local businesses. The terminal will also be visited by state-of-the-art cruise ships at Royal Princess, the Regal Princess and the Queen Mary 2, as part of Canars, 175th anniversary celebrations. There will be the first direct sailing from Scotland to the Caribbean with Fred Olson Line's Black Watch departing Greenock in November on a 32-day round trip. If I am not here, Deputy Presiding Officer, you know where to look. I have to say that breaking the 100,000 passenger barrier is an amazing achievement. Port Glasgow, Greenock and Gwrick used to be synonymous with shipping to and from all parts of the world, not to mention the flotilla of Clyde Steamers, which plied locally. Changing patterns of marine transportation and changing patterns of tourism all brought their own challenges to this great waterway, but the ocean terminal has found a niche. Proof of the efforts made to develop an enhanced experience of overseas visitors arriving at Greenock is there for all to see. The terminal works in partnership with the Inverclyde tourist group, which provides an ambassador service for the area by greeting cruise passengers on arrival. Because the terminal is a deep water port, cruise ships berth alongside the key and passengers disembark through a very pleasant and welcoming terminal and are met by members of the Inverclyde tourist group. I visited the group in 2013 and it was highly impressive. The group is from the Inverclyde area. It was formed in 2001 to promote Inverclyde in a friendly and informal way. It is made up of volunteers and the group is a non-profit-making organisation. Inverclyde tourist group members meet and greet cruise ship passengers, providing information and places of interest to visit, places to eat and drink, transport, local shopping, internet and telephone access, clan history and tartan. For cruise ship passengers, the group also runs local coach tours on cruise call days. The group members are proud to show to tourists around this lovely part of the west of Scotland. I congratulate them on their first-class efforts. Their hard work was recognised from Greenock Ocean terminal, which won the accolade of best cruise port reception in the world in 2013. I am delighted that the tourist group is there to sing the praises of Greenock and Inverclyde. As a Bishopton resident, a former Greenock Academy pupil and a Waterloo road honorehead, I am very well aware of what the local area has to offer and her friendly and welcoming local people are. On a glorious day, the views across the water from Greenock are stunning. Inverclyde is a terrific part of Scotland with shopping facilities, restaurants, cafes, pubs and a variety of sporting facilities. There are excellent rail links and the areas served by the M8 motorway, which makes it easily accessible by car. The Cruise Scotland website sums up why cruise ships are picking Scotland as a destination. As a cruise destination, Scotland is undoubtedly up there with the best. Breath-taking scenery, stunning cities, haunting history, UNESCO World Heritage sites and a variety of ports, large and small, make Scotland the perfect cruise destination. Scotland's cruise ports are ideally located for inclusion in Britain and Ireland itineraries, transatlantic repositioning or for combining with cruises to Iceland, the Faroe Islands or the Norwegian Fjords and Europe. The Cruise Scotland website estimates that the market was worth more than £49 million last year to Scotland when 457 vessels brought 401,325 passengers with value and passengers reaching new heights and a number of ports breaking their own records. This has been an important opportunity to put in record this Parliament's recognition of the significance of the cruise industry in Scotland and to recognise the very particular success that is Greenock Ocean terminal. I once again thank everyone who has supported this motion and I look forward to their contributions to the debate. I congratulate all who have contributed to that success, which is Greenock Ocean terminal. Many thanks. We now turn to the open debate, speeches of four minutes or so, and I call Stuart McMillan to be followed by Margaret McDougall. Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. At the outset, I congratulate Annabelle Goldie for securing this debate. I, for the first time ever, agree 100 per cent with everyone that Annabelle Goldie had to say in this chamber. In the past week, we have heard of further efforts being made to promote tourism in Scotland. Today, I would like to remind members of the chamber to recognise the importance of creating a prosperous tourism industry for all of us in Scotland. Inverclyde has been successful in growing its marine tourism sector over the last few years. As we heard from Annabelle Goldie, this year's Inverclyde economy expects an £8.7 million boost from the record-breaking numbers of visitors to the Greenock Ocean terminal. Inverclyde is readily becoming a set destination for port for tourists from all over Europe and from elsewhere. In 2015, for the first time ever—I meant that—it is an important point that we cannot stress enough for the first time ever. There is going to be a cruise line sailing from Greenock to elsewhere to the Caribbean. Peel ports, who operate the port, expect that each cruise ship visitor will contribute and average some £80 to the local economy. Let us not forget the 25,000 crew members who also spend money and time in Inverclyde and contribute to the economy. As I was putting some words together for today, I remember that I put forward a motion on a similar vein some years ago. It was in 2010—let us see if I can find the motion now—and certainly in 2010, the situation was nearly 40 cruise ships were going to go to the Greenock Ocean terminal. In terms of the sum, it was 50,000 tourists to Inverclyde. From 2010 to now, that is a huge increase—a doubling of the numbers of people who are going to the Greenock Ocean terminal and through the Inverclyde economy. As a consequence, the point that Annabelle Goldie raised in terms of lavishing the praise upon the people of Greenock Ocean terminal and the people of the Inverclyde tourist group cannot be understressed at all. We have to consider how much of an improvement that has been and how beneficial it will be to the Inverclyde economy. I want to allow some further praise on the Inverclyde tourist group. I have met them on a number of occasions and have spoken at a couple of their AGMs. It certainly was there again just last summer. I have met a wonderful bunch of people who have such a belief and a passion for the area of Inverclyde. Every single person denates their time and contributes their time and their efforts and their energies for no money whatsoever. They do it because they love the area and they want Inverclyde to be promoted as wide as it possibly can be. The efforts of every single person at the tourist group cannot be underswoken at all. They are just a tremendous group of individuals. On the issue of the visitors who go to Inverclyde, it is estimated that one-third of those visitors stay in Inverclyde. The rest will travel out and go to Loughborough, Glasgow or even Edinburgh for day trips, but one-third stay in Inverclyde. That is a huge amount of money and a huge amount of economic potential that can be benefited and also generated. I am certainly conscious of time, so I am going to wind up, but I could probably speak about that all day. Once again, I would like to congratulate Annabelle Goldie for securing that motion. I wholeheartedly agree with the comments and sentiments of the motion. Congratulations to Annabelle Goldie on bringing this motion to the chamber today. I totally agree with the sentiments of the motion. Greenock terminal has added to the economy of Inverclyde and the rest of Scotland, as we have heard from the speakers today. I am fortunate in that I have experienced the hospitality of the terminal when I have embarked on several occasions when I have sailed to Norway and Morocco from Greenock on cruises, which was delightful. One of the highlights of leaving from Greenock ocean terminal is the fantastic send-off that you get from the pipe band and the Highland dancers. Let us not forget the huge, big foam—I presume that it is a man inside it—but he is kilted and he has the berry and he is all made out in a Scottish outfit. He attempts to dance and jigs on the key side as well as the ship is departing. It is a great experience for those of us who are fortunate enough to go on a cruise. I know that the Presiding Officer has been on one of those as well. It is fantastic for the people who are not Scottish who join the cruise as well, because lots of people come from across the UK to join the cruises from Greenock. It is a fantastic experience, and I am sure that the same happens when you come in when you are visiting. That is why it is so popular with visitors. I, too, would like to congratulate Inverclyde tourist group for the service that they provide to the cruise passengers like myself and to the thousands of visitors, because, as we have heard today, they are the best in the world. I would just like to leave it at that. In which case I now invite Derek Mackay to respond to the debate, Minister. Seven minutes or so. Thank you, Presiding Officer. My day started pretty much in Inverclyde this morning, when I was visiting Ferguson's Yard, which is more good news from Inverclyde in terms of the work that is going on there and another reminder of the spectacular scenery that the area has to offer. I, too, would like to congratulate Annabelle Goldie on securing this debate and supporting Greenock Ocean terminal. I also share her congratulations to Peel Ports for increasing the number of vessels and passengers using this port, which is predicted to be in excess of 100,000 this year. Congratulations. I must also go to the Inverclyde tourist group, which, working in close partnership with the port, provides, as has been described, an excellent ambassadorial service for passengers. I encourage them to enjoy what the area has to offer, and, of course, thanks to Cruise Scotland, the industry body that has played such a leading role in promoting Scotland as a destination for all the major cruise lines. Cruising is an important sector to Scottish tourism. Although we cannot always have the weather that the Mediterranean or the Caribbean can offer, we have an amazing scenery, epic history and culture in events that continues to provide such a draw. Greenock provides the perfect location for one of Scotland's top cruise ports. At the head of the sheltered and scenic Clyde estuary, Greenock Ocean terminal hosts a deep water key, not only able to accommodate the growing size of cruise ships, but acts as the perfect entry point to the attractions of the west of Scotland and further afield. Indeed, thanks to an invite from the Federation of Small Business, my ministerial colleague, Fergus Ewing, has already had the opportunity to visit the port last August, along with Stuart McMillan and Duncan McNeill, who are meeting volunteers from the Inverclyde tourism group, and who are saying first-hand the impressive work that Peel Ports are doing to encourage further growth in this sector. For example, Peel Ports work closely with the tourist group to ensure a warm welcome always awaits every arrival. The group must be commended as a good example of local people passionate about their area of volunteering to act as ambassadors for Inverclyde. Their enthusiasm and knowledge helps to ensure that visitors get the most out of their time in the area, learning about the many places of interest nearby and offering free local tours. As Annabelle Goldie notes, 56 vessels are due to birth at the port this year, with Greenock welcoming some of the newest and most famous vessels. For example, P&O's newest liner, the Britannia, launched by the Queen this year, will be visiting in July as part of our maiden season. Queen Mary 2 will be arriving on 21 May to celebrate Cunard's 175th anniversary, and Cunard continues to maintain their proud relationship with the river and its people, evoking memories of the three previous Cunard queens launched on the river. It is good to see that Clyde and Greenock in particular are very much still working for Cunard. Greenock is not only a transit port, a harbour where passengers stop off as part of their cruise. It is also an important embarkation point, with 18 cruises this year commencing and ending in Greenock, servicing routes such as Baltic and the Western Isles. It is new for this year, as Stuart McMillan has mentioned, to offer a direct cruise from Greenock to the Caribbean this November. This benefits Scottish consumers who wish to cruise avoid needing to take the long journey south to Southampton. It is also worth noting that it is not just passengers who benefit the local economy. As Stuart McMillan has also mentioned, 20,000 crew members contribute to the local economy as well. Last week, Cruise Scotland attended the global industry's premier event, Cruise Shipping Miami. Cruise Scotland, as the industry-led marketing body, used this opportunity to further promote Scotland as the ideal cruise destination, even using a whisky tunnock's taste off to entice delegates present. Cruise Scotland represents all the main cruise ports in Scotland, from Lerwick to Leith, Greenock to Invergordon. They continue to actively market Scotland with forthcoming attendance at the major European cruise event in Hamburg this September and on-going familiarisation visits for cruise line executives. 2014 had been the best year for the cruise industry in Scotland, and 2015 is on track to beat that. Cruise Scotland estimated that the market was worth some £49 million last year, when 457 vessels brought over 400,000 passengers and increased nearly 17,000 passengers in the previous year. While they expect the same number of vessels this year, a trend to larger vessels, some having as many as 16 decks taking around 4,000 passengers, should see an overall increase in the number of passengers up by an estimated 8 per cent to more than 430,000. It is good to see that the appeal of Scotland, even in the cold season, means that the cruising period has extended from March to mid-December this year. The Scottish Government is very supportive of this industry and engages with Cruise Scotland and other key stakeholders. Stuart McMillan, the convener of the marine tourism cross-party group, is already aware that the Government was able to provide support to Cruise Scotland to assist the trade body in attending the EC's inaugural pan-European dialogue with cruise stakeholders in Brussels earlier this month. That helped to ensure that the Scottish cruise sector's interests were fully represented. That illustrates the kind of stakeholder commitment that we have. With outlined importance in Scotland's national marine plan, recognising that cruise tourism is one of the growing sectors, demonstrating strong potential to expand further. We have secured appropriate infrastructure being made available to accommodate larger ships. The emphasis on the marine plan and the national planning framework on sharing port infrastructure developed for other commercial reasons will assist, for example, renewable energy, which may offer further opportunities. Visit Scotland, Scottish Enterprise and Highlands and Islands Enterprise are all represented in the Cruise Scotland steering group. Visit Scotland engages with local bodies such as the Inverclyde tourist group keen to market their areas. In relation to Greenock, Visit Scotland will also be chairing a riverside Inverclyde workshop next month aimed at businesses hoping to maximise opportunities from the cruise market. However, the Government continues to remain concerned about the damaging effect that the uncertainty around the unconsulted upon face-to-face passport checks introduced by the UK Government in 2012 continues to have on the cruise industry and the delay for passengers that that creates. It is most unhelpful. We continue to press the UK Home Office for a proportionate process in response to the cruise industry and local authority concerns around their actions. The cruise industry view is clear on the issue. The industry needs a bankable written commitment from the UK Home Office that, for as long as it continues to insist on stopping visitors and cruise passengers and checking their passports, it will meet the costs involved. That said, the cruise industry would of course prefer that the UK Home Office operated in a manner that enabled all of the UK to compete for cruise traffic on the same footing as Norway, France and other nearby countries, relying on advance information from the ship and stopping only those very few, of course, who might be of interest. Such an approach would only encourage further traffic at existing ports and enable smaller ports to consider entry into the expanding niche cruise market, with smaller vessels but targeted destinations. Inclusion, Presiding Officer. We hope that the partnership working, the assets that we have and the support that we provide will all be well received. Once again, we congratulate all those involved with Greenock Ocean terminal for the success and long may it continue. Many thanks. That concludes Annabelle Goldie's debate on Greenock Ocean terminal. I now close this meeting of Parliament.


This is a great heritage we have and yet the musical taste or the musical habits of most people is like a tiny thin line of this whole heritage. When you look at a lot of contemporary or popular music, it's extremely simplistic as music. It has very repetitious rhythms.  The melodies are not at all interesting. Sometimes there isn't even a melody. And oftentimes the styles are one of grinding, almost beastly repetition. This is what you hear thumping out of the woofers of so many cars in cities. This is like people eating a diet, a musical diet only of sugar candy or worse, even poison perhaps. Fast food. I compare it at one point to fast food. If all you ever ate was Burger King, you're going to be a very unhealthy person. And this is true psychologically and spiritually as well.


So this is our last lecture video for lecture 33 in our series here, but it's also our first video based upon section 11.9 on James Stewart's Calculus textbook, for which we'll talk some more about what it means to represent a function as a power series in lecture 44 in our series, so stay tuned for the next video there. What I wanted to do at just the end of lecture 43 is give you some motivation on why we care about power series after all. I said that a power series is going to try to connect the theory of series we've been developing over the last several lectures with the theory of continuous and differentiable functions we've learned about before. And the reason it's the following, well a series itself is an infinite discrete sum, so it's like a series, but it also has a continuous variable x, so it's like a continuous function. It's this marriage between the discrete and the continuous, and as it is a continuous and potentially even differentiable function, we could ask ourselves can we take the derivative of a power series, can we take the integral of a power series, and the answer here is going to be yes. If we have a power series, let's say it's a series, we take the sum of Cn times x minus a to the n, it's a power series with coefficient series Cn and center a, and let's suppose we know the radius of convergence is a positive number, it could be finite, it could be infinite, but it's not the case where the radius of convergence equals zero. Now in that situation, a power series is in fact differentiable, and since it's differentiable actually means it's continuous, it'll be differentiable on its interval of convergence a minus r to a plus r. Now it could be that the interval of convergence actually might have some brackets here, like something like this. We cannot guarantee, we can't guarantee differentiability at this end point, but on the open interval a minus r to a plus r, we can always guarantee differentiability, in which case the derivative of the function, if you take the derivative of f, so our function f was defined as a power series, the derivative of the function will look like the sum where n equals one to infinity of the sequence n times x minus a to the n minus one. Turns out that formula might seem kind of, where did it come from? But if you actually look at it step by step by step, this power series in a more expanded form looks like C0 plus C1 times x minus a plus C2 times x minus a squared, etc. When we take the derivative of this thing, the derivative of a constant, it's gone down, it's dead, it's gone here. The derivative of C1 times x minus a, the x minus a will disappear, so we get C1. That's actually why the derivative starts at one. The constant term, which is n equals zero, will disappear where you take the derivative. Then the next term, you're going to get two times C2 times x minus a. Then the next term would look like three C3 times x minus a squared, and this pattern would continue on, we're right. When you look at, kind of ignore the Cn for a moment, when you look at just this term right here, n times x minus a to the n minus a, that's just the power rule, right? If you're being confused by the x equals a there, just consider the derivative of Cn times x to the n, right? This is just going to look like, if we take the derivative of this thing here at Cn because it doesn't depend on x at all, n times x to the n minus one. And so the idea here is that a power series is essentially just an infinite polynomial. And how do we take the derivative of polynomials? We go term by term, term by term, term by term, and we apply the power rule term by term by term. That's how we get the derivative of a polynomial. And so turns out that's how it's going to work for power series as well. Now, there is sort of issues of convergence going on here, like how to, why are we justified in using linearity at the infinite stage? Well, we can get in some talks about like uniform convergence and things like that, but that kind of takes us beyond the scope of calculus too here. We can take the derivative of a power series term by term by term just like we do polynomials. And that also applies for antiderivatives as well. If we were to take the antiderivative of this function right here, well, there's going to be some constant terms. So we're going to write that first, c plus. And then the constant, the original constant from c0 becomes c0 times x minus a. Then the next one would look like c1 times x minus a squared over 2. The next one would look like c2 times x minus a cubed over 3. You just basically just raise the power by 1. And that's exactly what this formula is doing right here. You have your plus c, your constant. And then you're going from 0 to infinity. You're going to get your coefficient sequence divided by n plus 1. And then x minus a will be raised to the n plus 1 power as well.  And that's how we take the antiderivative of the power series. So let's look at an example of such a thing. So notice we have this function f of x equals the series. It's defined as a power series n equals 0 to infinity. We take the sum of negative 2x to the nth power over 3 to the n. And so we want to take the derivative of this thing. And we want to take the antiderivative of this thing. So be aware that with f of x here, if we write it in slightly more expanded form, our sum n equals 0 to infinity. We get negative 2x to the n over 3 to the n. In expanded form, this thing is going to look like 1 minus 2 thirds x plus 4 ninths x squared plus, or I guess minus, excuse me, 8 over 27 x cubed. Then the next one we're going to get a plus 16 over 81 x to the fourth.  And this pattern would continue indefinitely. It would continue on and on and on. So if we want to take the derivative of this thing, well, first of all, we should actually mention, what is the radius of convergence here? Because our derivative and integrals will only be defined on that interval of convergence, right? Going up to there. Now with this one, we don't necessarily have to go through a full-blown ratio test to determine the radius of convergence. Because honestly, we could rewrite this as, I'm actually going to do it like this. Get this right here. We could actually notice that this thing is a, what happened to my sum? This is a geometric, it's a geometric series. And so it actually looks like negative 2x over 3 to the n. And so as it's a geometric series, it'll be convergent so long as our ratio r is less than 1. Well, that just means that the absolute value of negative 2x over 3 is less than 1, which, of course, tells us that 2 thirds times the absolute value of x is less than 1. And multiply on both sides by 3 halves, we see that the absolute value of x needs to be less than 3 over 2. So this is our radius of convergence right here. The domains of our derivative and antiderivative here are going to be from negative 3 halves to positive 3 halves. So this is our interval of convergence here, which admitted, yeah, this actually is the interval of convergence, but because we could plug in 3 halves and negative 3 halves and go from there, I'm not going to worry about that in this situation because it turns out that the derivative and the antiderivative wouldn't be defined at those endpoints even if the function was. So let's look at the derivative, right? So f prime of x. Although it's nice to look at a general formula, sometimes I like to just look at it term by term, right?  So we're going to get a negative 2 thirds, that's it, plus we're going to get 8 ninths x minus 24 over 27 x squared, plus we're going to get 64 over 81 x cubed. And then finally we're going to get negative 160 over 243 x to the fourth, dot, dot, dot, keep on going, right? There's this infinite domino effect falling down here. But it's good to also write this as a general power series. The derivative of power series itself will be a power series. We have n equals 1, excuse me, to infinity. And we're just going to get n times, well, what do we get here? n times the negative 2 over 3 to the nth is unaffected by this process, but x will drop by power to the n minus 1. So this does give us a general formula for the derivative, but we also just look at term by term by term if that's sufficient for us. We can also do the antiderivative with the integral of f of x dx. We'll come back to the general case in just a moment. You're going to get a c plus a sum of some things as n equals 0 to infinity. But like I said, we'll come back to that in a second. If we do the antiderivative of the original function, you're going to get c plus x minus, let's see, we're going to, x will raise to x squared. You have to divide by 2, so you get 1 third right there. Then for the next term, 4 ninths times x squared, that's going to give you x cubed and you get 4 over 27. And then for the next term, you're going to get minus 8 over 81 x to the fourth. I can squeeze one more into here, right? We're going to get, sorry, where did I get 81 from? Back up here. We need to take, when we raise to the x to the fourth, we have to divide by 4. h divided by 4 is 2, so we get 2 over 27. That's our coefficient there. Then the next one, we're going to raise, taking the 16 over 81 x to the fourth. The x to the fourth will raise to the x to the fifth. So we have to divide by 5, so we get 16 over 5 times 81. That's 405. And so this pattern will, of course, continue on. This is a positive value right there. And so we can do it term by term by term, but what's the general formula of this thing? The general formula that we're going to get here is we have our negative 2 over 3 to the n. x will be raised to the n plus 1 right there, and then you divide all of this by n plus 1. So you can do something like that. If you don't like that so much, you could rewrite it one more time. You could write it as a big fraction. We have negative 2 to the n, x to the n plus 1, and then we have a 3 to the n times n plus 1, something like that. This will give us a formula for anti-derivative. And so the derivative and anti-derivative are defined on this interval of convergence right there. So that's all there is to calculating the derivative or anti-derivative of a power series. It's fairly simple. It's really just doing like it was a big polynomial. But it turns out that observation is actually a powerful one that helps us in forthcoming lectures. We're going to see why it's important to be able to calculate the derivative and anti-derivative of a power series, and stay tuned for that in our next lecture. As always, I do want to encourage anyone who's watching these videos. If you have any questions, please, please, please post your questions in the comments section here on YouTube. I'd be happy to answer any questions you have. If you learned something in this video, please push the like button. If you want to see more cool videos about mathematics, subscribe to get updates, or even still, you can put some comments down below and make some recommendations of things you'd like to learn about, and I'd be happy to make videos like that. Other than that, I'll see you next time, everyone. Keep on calculating. Bye.


In order to understand what we're talking about when we talk about human rights It might be a good idea to just take a quick look at a sort of history and this is just a history quite a European one because a lot of the academic reading that we did for this lesson really kind of concentrated on the European story and there's very little reference to it in other places But in the beginning when we look at human rights on a timeline We start with this period around the creation of a document called the Magna Carta The Magna Carta is often cited or hailed as being this one moment in history where things start off in the direction of human rights and To understand why that is sort of true and sort of not you'll have to understand the idea or sort of the Modus at the time sort of way of thinking at the time which was that freedom came through status and What did status mean? Well status Had to do with whether you had land or not and whether you were royalty or not so when we're talking about the human rights that are being sort of Built up in the Magna Carta. We're talking about The freedoms of a very small group of people this 0.001 percent of people suddenly have this right to Own land and that sort of makes them different from people before them It's a move forward, but it's for a very small group of people Well things move forward in you know particularly in European history where we're sort of looking at the moment We'll look at other places in other lessons and in other courses But then you have a period of sort of overlap with this next period and then you have a long kind of time When you then have this sort of separation forming between status and freedom so a period of time when people are thinking well Just because you have status doesn't necessarily mean that you get all the freedoms and That you have some special rights But you do have to remember that even in this moment. So while this whole thing is happening You still have lots of feudalism Which just means that there are lots of people who have are literally almost owned by Some sort of overlord and then you have people who are living in slavery a large portion of the global population Who really weren't being directly owned not even just indirectly but really being directly owned By some sort of overlord so this period of time although there's a move towards Freedoms and away from status You're still having a lot of bad stuff going on Well towards the end of this period of time. There's a few names who are going to be sort of important to know Starting around the beginning of the 1600s You have this very important British guy named John Locke John Locke comes up with and sort of pulls together a lot of different ideas They're in the air at the time that he's alive and working And he kind of writes down this concept of natural rights These natural rights are life liberty and property So this sort of is a thought that's in the air right now lots of people are thinking about this Couple you know a couple years down the road and really even at the beginning of this you also have this intellectual movement called the enlightenment I'll let you read more about that on your own the enlightenment's a very interesting time and Then you know still sort of right around this time yet again just a few more years down the road You have the English bill of human rights Sorry, not a human rights English bill of rights We hadn't yet come up with the idea of human rights yet At this point. We were just calling them rights So the English bill of rights comes up Which is in part inspired by this sort of idea of natural rights that is forming that John Locke has written about that a lot of other people are talking and writing about as well and All this sort of is triggering what is then sort of the next stage in This development that we're seeing up here at the top Which is a movement towards? Something that we were we can call kind of a period of individual rights and Freedoms and I'm not going to write freedoms because you've seen it a few times but individual rights and freedoms and This is a really important stage because this is when sort of some of this Discoupling this sort of separation of freedom and status becomes individualized and it becomes seen as something for individual members of the society and This is really kind of I think something that you can look at when you when you look at something like the American or French revolutions This is really People on the ground taking a look at Ideas like this that are really in the air these ideas of things like natural rights These are everywhere at the moment that these revolutions happen and you can see people in those societies Taking those ideas and running with them and then later establishing them into constitutions and other things and in fact just a few years down the road in 1789 You see the first usage of the the actual term human rights Being used in France, which is an in a document that is a part of this process So this is really actually very interesting You have this idea that Individuals have rights and freedoms that are not reliant upon their status Everyone is entitled to these rights Most of them having to do with voting and ideas of sort of civic engagement the right to sort of take part in society in a way and This is just a very important moment Well moving on from there become we kind of move into sort of what is really now the modern era Starting in sort of the end of the 1800s You begin having of movement towards social and collective rights and These social and collective rights are also a very important driver behind this sort of more general trend Which is an internationalization and the internationalization of rights Basically just means that these rights are being spread to more places and more corners of the world You can see an example of the internationalization of these rights in something like the nexican constitution Which is often the scene as being a very sort of forward-thinking Constitution which was written in the sort of end of the 1800s early 1900s and Displays a lot of these social and collective rights that are another step beyond Individual rights and freedoms these social and collective rights are things like education employment Welfare and public health. So people are thinking a little bit more deeply about what does it mean to have a right? Well, you move then from that phase to a very important moment in global history Which is World War two and this kind of changes everything because we've got this concept of human rights We have these ideas of social collective rights and rights and freedoms But then we have this terrible terrible war in which a very high percentage of the global population is is really just murdered and From that you have the formation of lots of global organizations and one of the most important ones being the United Nations United Nations is a big global organizations kind of based on the idea of sort of creating a more healthy global community where there's just a little bit more connectivity between each of the different countries and all the different people of the world and From the United Nations, we get things like the United Declaration of Human or the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. I always forget to say Universal for some reason in this the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and we're going to talk about that in a later lesson but this is a very important document that sort of underlies this course and We'll talk a lot more about the United Nations as well All right, so one last slide Because if you were to take a look at that last slide You might just walk away thinking that human rights in general are always on an upward trend So that if you had 1200 over here 1600 in the middle 2000 here and Let's just imagine that up here. We've got utopia Plus sign up here and down here We've got some other horrible reality that you know Maybe we started out over here and then in general things just slowly get a little bit better over time And that we're working our way towards that utopia that we all hope for But the reality of human rights is that they are not permanent rights are not Permanent and they don't even really grow all that consistently because if you were to kind of Smoosh it all together and sort of imagine that you had one indicator line or one way of tracking human rights It might kind of look something like this The human rights are constantly getting violated and then things are getting better and then getting violated again and getting better and Really you kind of slowly make your way upwards and then you have really big setbacks like right here World War two and then you kind of go back up and It's in these moments like the one that we had when we were murdering millions of people across the world In World War two and even today as there are still lots and lots of human rights violations And we aren't even close to this utopia It's in these moments that we have to really remember that these rights are not permanent and that we all take and play an active role in making them something that move upwards and That this is an important decision that we all make as a society All right, so that is your lesson about the history of human rights There's a lot more coming up here at overseas or You