Welcome to George H. Smith's Excursions into Libertarian Thought, a production of Libertarianism.org and the Cato Institute. Narrated by Daniel Highland. Thomas Hodgskin vs. Herbert Spencer, Part 1. Smith discusses the common allegation that Spencer took many of his ideas from Hodgskin without acknowledging their source. Since this essay, an introduction, in effect, to my discussion of Thomas Hodgskin's defense of private property in land, is a significant departure from my series on Herbert Spencer, Henry George, and the land question. I decided to give it a separate title, rather than add yet another part to the previous series. Readers unfamiliar with Thomas Hodgskin should consult my five essays on this remarkable Libertarian. Two of the greatest Libertarian books ever written are The Natural and Artificial Right of Property Contrasted, 1832, by Thomas Hodgskin, and Social Statics, 1850, by Herbert Spencer. The similar ideas presented in these books have generated a mini-controversy among some historians. To what extent, if any, did Spencer draw from Hodgskin while writing Social Statics? This question becomes especially intriguing in view of the fact that Spencer knew Hodgskin. Indeed, the two men worked together during the time that Spencer wrote most of Social Statics, and they met frequently in Hodgskin's home to discuss ideas. One of their gab sessions was described by Mary Hodgskin, Thomas' daughter, as follows, Once I remember I was in the room, Hodgskin's study, some minutes. I must have gone in very probably to take an extra lamp for Herbert Spencer, for I recollect he sat at a side table alone with writing materials and books about him. There was no room at my father's table for anyone else to write, and I perfectly remember seeing my father point to the bookshelves, saying, You will find the book you want there on such and such a shelf, Spencer. I think it likely that his coming to our house first came about this way. He probably put some question to my father at the office, and he answered, Come and look up what you want in my books, and then discussions followed. It was after Spencer joined the staff of the Economist in December 1848, where he worked as a sub-editor for a little over four years, he met Thomas Hodgskin, the senior editor. In contrast to Hodgskin, who wrote many book reviews and lead articles for the Economist, Spencer's duties were fairly light, and afforded him ample time to work on social statics. He wrote only one article, A Solution to the Water Question, December 1851, for the Economist. Most of his time was spent screening books, filing statistics, and doing other chores. Although Spencer mentioned Hodgskin a few times in an autobiography, these passing references give no indication that Hodgskin influenced his thinking. Spencer only noted that he spent evenings now and then with my co-editor Mr. Hodgskin, that he occasionally dipped into books before passing them on to Hodgskin for review, that he and Hodgskin occasionally swapped tasks so each could get more consecutive days off, and that Hodgskin encouraged him to drop the original title of his book, Demostatics, in favor of social statics. In early 1851, when Spencer sent Hodgskin a copy of social statics to review in the Economist, he enclosed a note thanking Hodgskin for the assistance you have so kindly rendered me, assistance which, by saving me from sundry inaccuracies, has increased my chance of passing muster with the critics. It thus appears that Hodgskin read social statics in manuscript and suggested some changes, but again, Spencer gave no indication of having been influenced by Hodgskin's ideas. When, in 1903, the year of his death, Spencer was asked by Mary Hodgskin about the influence of her father, Spencer replied, that he exercised any influence over my opinions, I deny. This denial was necessary because Mary had been consulted by the historian Elie Halavi while he was writing his book, Thomas Hodgskin. The French edition was published in 1904. An English translation was not published until 1956. It is in this book that we find the first suggestion that Spencer, despite his persistent denials, was far more indebted to Hodgskin's ideas than he was ever willing to acknowledge. Halavi's claim was picked up and elaborated upon by subsequent historians. For example, in 1915, Sir Ernest Barker, political thought in England, 1848 to 1914, argued that it was in his contact with Hodgskin that Spencer found the primary and main source of the political creed which he always championed. Barker, like many historians, based his claim primarily on the similarities between the ideas of Hodgskin and Spencer. After the end of 1848, Spencer was as sub-editor of the Economist brought into contact with Thomas Hodgskin, and this contact probably influenced the development of social statics very vitally. Hodgskin was an anti-Benthamite radical. Like Godwin, he believed in the natural rights of humanity at which Bentham had scoffed. He extended to politics as well as to economics the doctrine of laissez-faire. Society, Hodgskin held, was a natural phenomenon with natural laws. The functioning of government was accordingly negative. It extended only to the securing of a free field for the operation of natural laws. And human laws were as prejudicial as natural laws were the reverse. The ultimate goal and utopia of the future was thus a state of anarchy in which government had disappeared and the sentiments of each were automatically adjusted in a spontaneous harmony with those of all. An even stronger claim appears in The Social and Political Thought of Herbert Spencer, 1978 by David Wiltshire. Almost the whole of social statics could be interpreted as an elaboration of the theories of Thomas Hodgskin, whose contribution nevertheless goes unacknowledged. Spencer's autobiography awards him one incidental mention. This is partly because of Spencer's normal reticence on the subject of intellectual obligation and partly because of Hodgskin's later reputation as a socialist luminary. Aside from the erroneous claim that Spencer's autobiography mentions Hodgskin only once, a minor error that curiously appears in numerous treatments of this controversy. Wiltshire's allegations amount to little more than pure speculation. The claim that Spencer refused to acknowledge his intellectual debts, though common among Spencer's detractors, is untrue. And Hodgskin's reputation as a socialist was largely a myth perpetrated by later historians. Spencer and other libertarians of his time knew better. In any case, the interpretation of Barker and Wiltshire has pretty much become standard fare among those historians who have taken an interest in this controversy. A notable exception is the more reliable account in Nature and Artifice, the Life and Thought of Thomas Hodgskin, 1787-1869, by David Stack, published in 1998. In my opinion, the allegation that Spencer lied in denying an intellectual debt to Hodgskin is completely unfounded. Some of the fundamental ideas they shared were quite common among middle-class dissenters and radicals. Spencer repeatedly noted that he wasn't fond of reading books other than fiction, and that he absorbed many of his political ideas in early life from listening to conversations between his father and various friends. And later, from Herbert's extensive conversations with one of his uncles, Thomas Spencer. That Spencer's libertarian philosophy was developed years before he met Hodgskin is evident from the proper sphere of government, 1842, which Spencer, at age 22, published as a series of letters in The Nonconformist, a leading dissenting periodical published by Edward Mayall, a family friend. The similarities between the ideas found in these letters and in the many pamphlets written by his uncle, which Spencer proofread prior to publication, are unmistakable. Moreover, Spencer's father, though officially a Methodist, inclined toward Quakerism in his later years, and he familiarized Spencer with the pacifist writings of the English Quaker Jonathan Diamond. This may account for Spencer's contention in the proper sphere of government, that it is our duty as Christians to adopt all feasible means of putting an end to war, and that in pursuit of this goal, governments should be denied the right to maintain a military force. Spencer had repudiated this radical tenet by the time he wrote social statics. We know that Spencer was familiar with this shrewd and artificial right of property contrasted. He appears to have borrowed a copy from Hodgeskin's personal library. In a letter to Hodgeskin, 22nd of October, 1849, Spencer said that he began reading the book with some trepidation, because he feared that Hodgeskin may have anticipated some of the ideas that would be expressed in social statics, which Spencer was still writing. Spencer continued, As far as I can judge, however, from the cursory glance I have given to the essay, i.e. book, I fancy that although we are quite at one in our conclusions, we do not arrive at them by the same process. You have, I see, quoted some of the same passages from Locke that I have myself referred to, although not exactly for the same purpose, for I do not think that Locke's arguments, though satisfactory as far as they go, go quite deep enough. If anything, Spencer understated his disagreements with John Locke, which, as I discussed in an earlier essay, were substantial, especially in regard to the justification of property rights in general and the issue of private land ownership in particular. Hodgeskin, in stark contrast, was a thoroughgoing Lockean in both respects, and this difference is what fundamentally distinguishes his libertarian philosophy from that defended by Spencer. With this background, we are now able to focus on Hodgeskin's criticisms of Spencer's case against private property and land. One of these criticisms, which I mentioned in the conclusion of my last essay, focuses on Spencer's claim that private land ownership is inconsistent with the law of equal freedom. According to Hodgeskin, however, the premise used by Spencer to justify the law of equal freedom, if applied consistently, will justify private property in land. Thus, to understand what Hodgeskin was getting at here, we need to outline Spencer's justification. Social statics begins with a critique of the expedience philosophy of Jeremy Bentham and his many utilitarian followers, according to whom the greatest happiness of the greatest number should serve not only as a goal of governmental legislation, but also as the standard. Spencer rejected the empirical utilitarianism of Bentham and defended what he later called rational utilitarianism. That is to say, Spencer agreed that the greatest happiness should be the ultimate, if rather vague, goal of legislation, while insisting that individual rights are the only proper standard. Only if governments respect individual rights can the greatest happiness be achieved. According to Spencer, happiness is a state of consciousness that consists of the satisfaction of our desires and desires are satisfied by certain pleasurable sensations that result from the exercise of our faculties. Here is how Spencer summarized these points. A desire is the need for some species of sensation. A sensation is producible only by the exercise of a faculty. Hence, no desire can be satisfied except through the exercise of a faculty. But happiness consists in the due satisfaction of all the desires. That is, happiness consists in the due exercise of all the faculties. Since the need to exercise our faculties in order to attain happiness applies to all human beings, the freedom of each person to exercise his or her faculties must be bounded by the similar freedom of all. Thus does Spencer arrive at his first formulation of the law of equal freedom. Wherefore, we arrive at the general proposition that every man may claim the fullest liberty to exercise his faculties compatible with the possession of like liberty by every other man. The boundaries of individual freedom are formulated in terms of rights. And the protection of these rights, which is the only justification for government, will result in the greatest possible happiness. In his review of social statics in The Economist, February 1851, Hodgskin noted that according to Spencer, the free use of the earth by each man is necessary to supply his once, supposing, apparently, that no individual can live without using the earth to gain the means of subsistence. It is interesting that Hodgskin inserted the qualifier, apparently, in this sentence. It may indicate that he was not quite certain that Spencer's most fundamental argument, which is an uncertainty I share. Hodgskin responded by claiming that, in the progress of society, great numbers of persons can subsist without using the land to satisfy their wants. He further pointed out that, in Spencer's approach, the primary right is not the right to use land, but the right each to use his own faculties. Thus, if it could be shown that private land ownership would result in greater opportunities for people to exercise their faculties and thereby attain happiness, then Spencer's basic premise, the self-same premise that he used to justify the law of equal freedom, would justify private property in land. This is precisely what Hodgskin believed, but he gave little indication of his reasons in his review of social statics. He must therefore turn to Hodgskin's more extensive discussion of land in Chapter 4 of The Natural and Artificial Right of Property Contrasted, 1832, a classic of libertarian thought that is better and more radical in some respects than social statics. It is unfortunate that Spencer did not actually draw his basic ideas from Hodgskin. If he had, this would have saved Spencer from committing some serious errors. Thank you for listening to Excursions. To learn more about libertarian philosophy and history, visit www.libertarianism.org.


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e laid him in the wigwam and tore up one of the duke's shirts for to bandage him but he says give me the rags i can do it myself don't stop now don't fool around here and the evasion boomed along so handsome man the sweeps and set loose boys we done it elegant deed we did i wish we'd have had a handling of louis the 16th there wouldn't have been no son of saint louis ascended heaven wrote down in his biography no son we'd have whooped him over the border that's what we did done with him had done it as slick as nothing at all too man the sweeps man the sweeps but me and jim was consulting and thinking and after we thought a minute i says say it jim so he says well then this is the way it looked to me huck if it was him that is being sought free and one of the boys was to get shot would he say go on and save me never mind about a doctor for to save this one is that like ma's time sire would he say that you bet he wouldn't well then is jim going to say it no sir i don't budge a step out in this place doubt a doctor not if it's fall to you i know he was white inside and i reckon he'd say what he did say so it was all right now and i told time i was a going for a doctor he raised considerable row about it but me and jim stuck to it and wouldn't budge so he was for crawling out and setting the raft loose himself but we wouldn't let him then he give us a piece of his mind but it didn't do no good so when he sees me getting the canoe ready he says well then if you're bound to i'll tell you the way to do when you get to the village shut the door and blindfold the doctor tight and fast and make him swear to be silent as the grave and put a purse full of gold in his hand and then take and lead him all around the back alleys and everywhere's in the dock and then fetch him here in the canoe in a roundabout way amongst the islands and search him and take his chalk away from him and don't give it back to him till you get him back to the village or else he will chalk this raft so he can find it again it's the way they all do so i said i would and left and jim was to hide in the woods when he see the doctor come until he was gone again end of chapter 40 chapter 41 of the adventures of huckleberry fin by mark twain this slibrivox recording is in the public domain chapter 41 the doctor uncle Silas sister hotchkiss aunt sally in trouble the doctor was an old man a very nice kind looking old man when i got him up i told him me and my brother was over on spanish island hunting yesterday afternoon and camped on a piece of a raft we found and about midnight he must have kicked his gun in his dreams for it went off and shot him in the leg and we wanted him to go over there and fix it and not say nothing about it nor let anybody know because we wanted to come home this evening and surprise the folks who is your folks he says the phelps is down yonder oh he says and after a minute he says how'd you say he got shot he had a dream i says and it shot him singular dream he says so he lit up his lantern and got his saddlebags and we started and when he sees the canoe he didn't like the look of her says she was big enough for one but didn't look pretty safe for two i says oh you needn't be feared sir she carried the three of us easy enough what three why me and sit and the guns that's what i meant oh he says but he put his foot on the gunnel and rocked her and shook his head and said he reckoned he'd look around for a bigger one but they was all locked and chained so he took my canoe and said for me to wait till he come back or i can hunt around further or maybe i'd better go down home and get them ready for the surprise if i wanted to but i said i didn't so i told him just how to find the raft and then he started i struck an idea pretty soon i says to myself suppose he can't fix that leg just in three shakes of a sheep's tail as the saying is suppose it takes him three or four days what are we going to do lay around there till he lets the cat out the bag no sir i know what i'll do i'll wait and when he comes back if he says he's got to go anymore i'll get down there too if i swim and we'll take and tie him and keep him and shove off down the river and when tom's done with him we'll give him what it's worth or all we got and let him get ashore so then i crept into a lumber pile to get some sleep and next time i waked up the sun was away up over my head i shot out and went for the doctor's house but they told me he'd gone away in the night sometime or other and weren't back yet well thanks i that looks powerful bad for tom and i'll dig out for the island right now so away i shoved and turned the corner and nearly ran my head into uncle silo's stomach he says why tom where you been all this time you rascal i ain't been nowhere's i said only just hunting for the runaway nigger me and said why wherever did you go he says your aunt's been mighty uneasy she needed i says because we was all right we followed the men and the dogs but they outrun us and we lost them but we thought we heard them on the water so we got a canoe and took out after him and crossed over but couldn't find nothing of him so we cruised along up shore till we got kind of tied and beat out and tied up the canoe and went to sleep and never waked up till about an hour ago then we paddled over here to hear the news and sids at the post office to see what he can hear i'm a branching out to get something to eat for us but then we're going home so then we went to the post office to get said but just as i suspicion he weren't there so the old man he got a letter out of the office and we waited a while longer but said didn't come so the old man said come along let's sit footed home or canoe it when he got done fooling around but we would ride i couldn't get him to let me stay and wait for Sid but he said there weren't no use in it and i must come along and let aunt sally see we was all right when we got home aunt sally was that glad to see me she laughed and cried both and hugged me and give me one of them lichens of her and that don't amount to shucks and said she served Sid the same when he come and the place was plumb full of farmers and farmers wives to dinner and such another clack a body never heard oh mrs hotchkiss was the worst her tongue was going all the time she says well sister felps i ransacked that air cabin over there and i believe the nigger was crazy i says to sister dremel didn't i sister dremel sigh he's crazy says i them's the very words i said you all heard me he's crazy says i everything shows it says i look at that air grindstone says i want to tell mead's any creatures in his right minds are going to scrabble all the crazy things onto a grindstone says i here's such and such a person busted his heart and here so-and-so pegged along for 37 year and all that natural son of louis somebody and such everlasting rubbish he's plumb crazy says i it's what i says in the first place it's what i says in the middle and it's what i says last and all the time the niggers crazy crazies and never could either says i and look at that air ladder made out of rags sister hotchkiss says oh mrs dremel what in the name of goodness could he ever wonder the very words i was saying no longer ago in this minute to sister other back and she'll tell you so herself she she look at that the air rag ladder she she and then i says look look at it says i what could he have wanted of it says i she she sister hotchiss she she but how in the nation they ever get that grindstone in there anyway and who dug that air hole and my very words brer penrod i was saying past that air assessor in molasses won't you i was the same the sister done left just this minute how did they get that grindstone in there says i without help mind you without help that's where it is don't tell me says i there was help says i and there was a plenty help too says i there's been a dozen of help in that nigger and i lay out skin every last nigger on this place but i'd find out who done it says i moreover says i a dozen says you far they couldn't have done everything that's been done look at them case knives saws and things hot teeth they must have been look at that bed legs sawed off with them a week's work for six men look at that nigger made out in the straw in the bed and look at you may well say it prayer higher tire i just was a saying to brefels his own self says he what do you think of it sister hotchiss says he think of what brefels says i think of that bed legs sawed off that away says he think of it says i i lay it never sawed itself off says i somebody sawed it off says i that's my opinion take it or leave it it may be no count says i but such as it's my opinion says i and if anybody can start a better one says i let him do it says i that's all our sister sister done left says i why dog my cats they must have been a house full of niggers in there ever not for four weeks to have done all that work sister felps look at that shirt every last inch of it keep it over with the secret african writing done with blood must have been a raft of them at it right along all the time almost why i give two dollars to have it read to me and as far as the niggers that wrote it allow i taken lash him till people to help him brother marbles well i reckon you think so if you'd have been in this house for a while back why they stole everything they could lay their hands on and we are watching all the time on you they stole that shirt right off the line and that's for that sheet they made the rag letter out of they ain't no telling how many times they didn't steal that and flour and candles and candlesticks and spoons and the old woman pan at most a thousand things that i just remember now and my new calico dress and me and silas and my sit and tom on the constant watch day and night as i was telling you and not a one of us could catch hide nor hand nor sight nor sound to them and here at the last minute low and behold you they slides right in under our noses and fools us and not only fools us but the engine territory robbers too and actually gets away with that nigga safe and sound and that with 16 men and 22 dogs right on their very heels at the very time i tell you it just bangs anything i ever heard of why spirits couldn't have done better and been no smarter and i reckon they must have been spirits because you know our dogs and they know better well them dogs never even got on the track of one of them you explain that to me if you can any of you well it does beat laws alive i never so help me i wouldn't to be house thieves as well as goodness gracious aches i'd have been a fear to live in such a fray to live why i was that scared i'd ask it hard to go to bed or get up or lay down or sat down sister ridgeway why they'd steal the very why goodness sakes you can guess what kind of a fluster i was in by the time midnight come last night i hope the gracious if i weren't afraid they'd steal some of the family i was just to that pass i didn't have no reason and faculties no more it looks foolish enough now in the daytime but i says to myself there's my two poor boys asleep way upstairs in that lonesome room and i declare the goodness i was that uneasy that i crept up there and locked them in i did and anybody would because you know when you get scared that way and it keeps running on and getting worse and worse all the time and your wits get to addling and you get to doing all sorts of wild things and by and by you think to yourself supposing i was a boy i was a way up there and the door ain't locked and you she stopped looking kind of wondering and then she turns her head around slow and when her eye lit on me i got up and took a walk says i to myself i can explain better how we come to not be in that room this morning if i go out to one side and study over it a little so i done it but i doesn't go for or she to send for me and when it was late in the day the people all went and then i come in and told her the noise and shootin wait up me and said and to do it was locked and we wanted to see the fun so we went down the lightning rod and both of us got hurt a little and we didn't never want to try that no more and then i went on and told her all what i told uncle silas before and then she said she'd forgive us maybe it was all right enough anyway and about what a body might expect the boys for all boys were a pretty harem scare them a lot as free as she could see and so as long as no harm hadn't come of it she judged she better put in her time being grateful we was alive and well and she had us still set a fretting over what was past and done so then she kissed me and patted me on the head and dropped into a kind of a brown study and pretty soon jumps up and says what laws of mercy is most night and said not come yet what has become of that boy i see my chance so i skips up and says i'll run right up the town and get him i says no you won't she says you stay right where you are ones enough to be lost at a time if he ain't here to supper your uncle will go well he want that supper so right after supper uncle went he come back about 10 a little bit uneasy hadn't run across tom's track aunt sally was a good deal uneasy but uncle silas he said there weren't no occasion to be boys will be boys he said and you'll see this one turn up in the morning all sound and right so she had to be satisfied but she said she set up for him a while anyway and keep a light burning so he could see it and then when i went up to bed she come up with me and fetched her candle and tucked me in and mothered me so good i felt mean and like i couldn't look her in the face and she sat down on the bed and talked with me a long time and said what a splendid boy said was and didn't seem to want to ever stop talking about him and kept asking me every now and then if i reckoned he could have got lost or hurt or maybe drowned it and might be lying at this minute somewhere suffering or dead and she not by him to help him and so the tears would drip down silent and i would tell her that said was all right and would be home in the morning sure and she would squeeze my hand or maybe kiss me and tell me to say it again and keep on saying it because it done her good and she was in so much trouble and when she was going away she looked down in my eyes so steady and gentle and says the door ain't going to be locked tom and there's the window in the rod but you'll be good won't you and you won't go for my sake law knows i wanted to go bad enough to see about tom and was all intended to go but after that i wouldn't have went not for kingdoms but she was on my mind and tom was on my mind so i slept very restless and twice i went down the rod away in the night and slipped around front and see her sitting there by her candle in the window with her eyes towards the road and the tears in them and i wish i could do something for her but i couldn't only to swear that i wouldn't never do nothing to grieve her anymore and the third time i waked up at dawn and slid down and she was there yet and her candle was most out and her old gray head was resting on her hand and she was asleep end of chapter 41 chapter 42 of the adventures of huckleberry fin by mark twain this livery box recording is in the public domain chapter 42 tom saw your wounded the doctor's story tom confesses aunt poly arrives hand out them letters the old man was uptown again before breakfast but couldn't get no track of tom and both of them sat at the table thinking and not saying nothing and looking mournful and their coffee getting cold and not eating anything and by and by the old man says did i give you the letter what letter the one i got yesterday out of the post office no you didn't give me no letter well i must have forgot it so he rummaged his pockets and then went off somewheres where he laid it down and fetched it and gave it to her and she says why it's from st. petersburg it's from sis i allowed another walk would do me good but i couldn't stir but before she could break it open she dropped it and run for she see something and so did i it was tom saw you on a mattress and that old doctor and jim in her calico dress with his hands tied behind him and a lot of people i hid the letter behind the first thing they come handy and rushed she flung herself at tom crying and says oh he's dead he's dead i know he's dead and tom he turned his head a little and muttered something or rather which showed he weren't in his right mind then she flung up her hands and said he's alive thank god that's enough and she snatched a kiss of him and flew for the house to get the bed ready and scattering orders right and left at the niggers and everybody else as fast as her tongue would go every jump of the way i followed the men to see what they was going to do with jim and the old doctor and uncle silas followed after tom into the house the men was very huffy and some of them wanted to hang jim for an example to all the other niggers there so they wouldn't be trying to run away like jim done and making such a raft of trouble and keeping the whole family scared most to death for days and nights but the other said don't do it it wouldn't answer at all he ate our nigger and his owner would turn up and make us pay for him sure so that cooled him down a little because the people that's always the most anxious for to hang a nigger that ain't done just right is always the very ones that ain't the most anxious to pay for him when they've got their satisfaction out of him they cost jim considerable though and give him a cuff or two side of the head once in a while but jim never said nothing and he never let on to know me and they took him to the same cabin and put his own clothes on him and chained him again and not to know bed leg this time but to a big staple drove into the bottom log and changed his hands too and both legs and said he weren't to have nothing but bread and water to eat after this till his owner come or he was sold at auction because he didn't come in a certain length of time and filled up our hole and said a couple of farmers with guns must stand watch around about the cabin every night and the bulldog tied to the door in the daytime and about this time that it was through with the job and was tapering off with a kind of general goodbye cussing and then the old doctor comes and takes a look and says don't be no rougher on him than you're a bleach too because he ain't a bad nigger when i got to where i found the boy i could see i couldn't cut the bullet out without some help and he warned in no condition for me to leave to go and get help and he got a little worse and a little worse and after a long time he went out of his head and wouldn't let me come and now him anymore and said if i chalked his rap he killed me and no into wild foolishness like that and i see i couldn't do anything at all with him and so i says i got to have help somehow and the minute i says it i'll cross this nigger from somewhere and says he'll help and he done it too and done it very well of course i judged he must be a runaway nigger and there i was and there i had to stick right straight along and all the rest of the day and all night it was a fix i tell you i had a couple of patients with the chills and of course i'd like to run up the town and see them but i dastard because the nigger might get away and then i'd be to blame and yet never a skiff come close enough for me to hail so there i had to stick plum until daylight this morning and i never see a nigger that was a better nurse not faithful and yet he was risking his freedom to do it and all tired out too and i see plain enough he'd been worked main hard lately i like the nigger for that i'll tell you gentlemen a nigger like that is worth a thousand dollars and kind treatment too i had everything i needed and the boy was doing as well there as he would have done at home better maybe because it was so quiet but there i was with both of them on my hands and there i had to stick till about dawn this morning then some men in a skiff come by and as good luck would have it the nigger was sitting by the pallet with his head propped on his knees sound asleep so i motioned them in quiet and they slipped up on him and grabbed him and tied him before he knowed what he was about and we never had no trouble and the boy being in a kind of a flighty sleep too we muffled the oars and hitched the raft on and told her over very nice and quiet and the nigger never made the least row nor said a word from the start he ain't no bad nigger gentlemen that's what i think about him somebody says well it sounds very good doctor i'm a bleach to say then the other softened up a little too and i was might have thankful to that old doctor for doing jim that good turn and i was glad it was according to my judgment of him too because i thought he had a good heart in him and he was a good man the first time i see him then they all agreed that jim had acted very well and was deserving to have some notice took of it and reward so every one of them promised right out and hearty that they wouldn't cuss him no more then they come out and locked him up i hope they was going to say he could have one or two of the change took off because they was rotten heavy or could have meat and greens with his bread and water but they didn't think of it and i reckon it weren't best for me to mix in but i judged i'd get the doctor's yarn to aunt sally somehow or other as soon as i'd got through the breakers that was laying just ahead of me explanations i mean how i forgot to mention about said being shot when i was telling how him and me put in that dreaded night paddling around hunting the runaway nigger but i had plenty time aunt sally she stuck to the sick room all day and all night and every time i see aqua silas mooning around i dodged him next morning i heard tom was a good deal better and they said aunt sally was going to get a nap so i slips to the sick room and if i found him awake i reckoned we could put up a yarn for the family that would wash but he was sleeping and sleeping very peaceful too and pale not five face the way he was when he come so i sat down and laid for him to wake in about half an hour aunt sally comes gliding in and there it was up a stump again she motioned me to be still and sat down by me and begun to whisper and said we could all be joyful now because all the symptoms was first rate and he'd been sleeping like that forever so long and looking better and peacefuler all the time and ten to one he'd wake up in his right mind so we sat there watching and by and by he stirs a bit and opened his eyes very natural and takes a look and says hello what i'm at home how's that where's the raft it's all right i says and jim the same i says but couldn't say it pretty brash but he never noticed but says good splendid now we're all right and safe did you tell auntie i was going to say yes but she chipped in and says about what said why about the way the whole thing was done what whole thing why the whole thing there ain't but one how we set the runaway nigger free me and tom good land set the run what is the child talking about dear dear out of his head again no i ain't out of my head i know all what i'm talking about we did set him free me and tom we laid out to do it and we done it and we done it elegant too he got a start and she never checked him up just sat and stared and stared and let him clip along and i see it weren't no use for me to put in why auntie it cost us a power of work weeks of it hours and hours every night while you was all asleep and we had to steal candles and the sheet and the shirt and your dress and spoons and tin plates and case knives and the warming pan and the grindstone and flour oh and just no end of things and you can't think what work it was to make the saws and pens and inscriptions and one thing or another and you can't they have the fun it was and we had to make up the pictures of coffins and things and unanimous letters from the robbers and get up and down the lightning rod and dig the hole into the cabin and make the rope ladder and send it in cooked up in a pie and send in spoons and things to work with in your apron pocket mercy sakes and load up the cabin with rats and snakes and so on for a company for jim and then you kept time here so long with the butter in this hat that you had to come near spilling the whole business because the men come before we was out of the cabin and we had to rush and they hurt us and let drive at us and i got my share and we dodged out of the path and let them go by and with the dogs come they weren't interested in us but went for the most noise we got our canoe and made for the raft and was all safe and jim was a free man and we done it all by ourselves and wasn't it bully anti well i never heard the likes of it in all my barn days so it was you you little rap scallions that's been making all this trouble and turned everybody's wits clean inside out and scared us almost to death i have a good notion as ever i had in my life to take it out of you this very minute to think here i've been night after night hey you just get well once you young scamp and i'll lay out tan the old harry out of both of you but um he was so proud and joyful he just couldn't hold in and his tongue just went it she are clipping in and spitting fire all along and both of them going it at once like a cat convention and she says well you get all the enjoyment you can out of it now for mind i tell you if i catch you meddling with him again meddling with who tom says dropping his smile and looking surprised with who why the runaway nigger of course who'd you reckon tom looks at me very grave and says tom didn't you just tell me he was all right hasn't he got away him says aunt sally the runaway nigger de he hasn't they've got him back safe and sound and he's in that cabin again on bread and water and loaded down with change till he's claimed or sold tom rose square up in the bed with his eye hot and his nostrils opening and shutting like gills and sings out to me they ain't no right to shut him up shove and don't you lose a minute turn him loose he ain't no slave he's as free as any critter that walks this earth what does the child mean mean every word i say and sally and if somebody don't go i'll go i've known him all his life and so his time there oh miss Watson died two months ago and she was ashamed she ever was going to sell him down the river and said so and she set him free in her will then what on earth did you want to set him free for seeing he was already free well that is the question i must say and just like women why i wanted the adventure of it and out of way to neck deep in blood to goodness alive and poly if she weren't standing right there just inside the door looking as sweet and contented as an angel half full of pie i wish i may never and sally jumped for her and most hugged the head off of her and cried over and i found a good enough place for me under the bed for it was getting pretty sultry for us seemed to me and i peeped out and in a little while tom's aunt poly shook herself loose and stood there looking across at tom over her spectacles kind of grinding him into the earth you know and then she says yes you better turn your head away i would if i was you tom oh deary me says aunt sally is he changed so why that ain't tom it's said tom's tom's why where is tom he was here a minute ago you mean where's huck fin that's what you mean i reckon i ain't raised such a scamp as my time all these years not to know him when i see him that would be a pretty howdy do come out from under that bed huck fin so i done it but not feeling brash aunt sally she was one of the mixed uppest looking persons i ever see except one and that was uncle silas when he come in and they told it all to him it kind of made him drunk as you may say and he didn't know nothing at all the rest of the day and preached a prayer meeting sermon that night that gave him a rattling reputation because the oldest man in the world couldn't have understood it so tom's aunt poly she told all about who i was and what and i had to up and tell how i was in such a tight place that when mrs felps took me for tom sawyer she chipped in and says oh go on and call me aunt sally i'm used to it now and take no need to change that when aunt sally took me for tom sawyer i had to stand it there weren't no other way and i knowed he wouldn't mind because it would be nuts for him being a mystery and he'd make an adventure out of it and be perfectly satisfied and so it turned out and he let on to be said and make things as soft as he could for me and his aunt poly she said tom was right about old miss watson setting jim free in her will and so sure enough tom sawyer had gone and took all that trouble and baba to set a free nigga free and i could never understand before until that minute and that talk how he could help a body set a nigga free with his bringing up well aunt poly she said that when aunt sally wrote to her that tom and said had come all right and safe she says to herself look at that now i might have expected it letting him go off that way without anybody to watch him so now i got to go in traipse all the way down the river 1100 mile and find out what that creatures up to this time as long as i couldn't seem to get any answer out of you about it why i never heard nothing from you says aunt sally well i wonder why i wrote you twice to ask you what you could mean by sit being here well i never got him sis aunt poly she turns around slow and severe and says you tom well what he says kind of pettish don't you want me you impudent thing hand out them letters what letters them letters i'd be bound if i have to take a hold of you i'll they're in the trunk there now and they're just the same as they was when i got them out of the office i ain't looked into them i ain't touched them but i know they'd make trouble and i thought if you weren't in no hurry i'd well you do need skinning there ain't no mistake about it and i wrote another one to tell you i was coming i suppose he know it come yesterday i ain't ready yet but it's all right i've got that one i wanted to offer to bet two dollars she hadn't but i reckon maybe it was just a safe to not to so i never said nothing end of chapter 42 chapter 43 of the adventures of huckleberry finn by mark twain this libre vox recording is in the public domain chapter 43 the last out of bondage paying the captive yours truly huck finn the first time i catched tom private i asked him what was his idea time of the evasion what it was he planned to do if the evasion worked all right and he managed to set a nigger free that was already free before and he says what he had planned in his head from the start if we got jim out all safe was for us to run him down the river on the raft and have adventures plumb to the mouth of the river and then tell him about his being free and take him back up home on a steamboat in style and pay him for his lost time and write word ahead and get out all the niggers around and have them waltz him into town with a torchlight procession and a brass band and then he would be a hero and so would we but i reckoned it was about as well the way it was we had jim out of the chains in no time and when aunt poly and uncle silas and aunt sally found out how good he helped the doctor nurse tom they made a heap of fuss over him and fixed him up prime and give him all he wanted to eat at a good time and nothing to do and we had him up to the sick room and had a high talk and tom gave jim $40 for being a prisoner for us so patient and doing it up so good and jim was pleased most of the death and busted out and says dan i hope what i tell you what i tell you down jackson island i told you i got a harry bresson woods to sign on it and i told you i've been rich once and go on to be rich again and it's come true and here it is dad now don't talk to me signs is signs mind i tell you and i know just as well that i is going to be rich again as i stand in here this minute and then tom he talked along and talked along and says let's all three slide out of here one of these nights and get an outfit and go for howling adventures amongst the engines over in the territory for a couple of weeks or two and i says all right that suits me but i ain't got no money for to buy the outfit and i reckon i couldn't get none from home because it's likely pap's been back before now and got it all away from judge that you're and drunk it up no he hate tom says it's all there yet six thousand dollars and more and your pap hate ever been back since hadn't when i come away anyhow jim says kind of solemn he ain't coming back no mo hook i says why jim never mind why hook but he ain't coming back no mo but i kept at him and so at last he says don't you remember the house that was floating down the river and there was a man in there keep it up and i went in and unkeven him and didn't let you come in well then you can get your money when y'all wants it because that was him tom's most well now got his bullet around his neck on a watch card for a watch and is always seeing what time it is and so there ain't nothing more to write about and i am rotten glad of it because if i didn't know what trouble it was to make a book i wouldn't have tackled it and ain't going to no more but i reckon i got to light out for the territory ahead of the rest because aunt sally she's going to adopt me and civilize me and i can't stand it i've been there before the end yours truly hook fin end of the adventures of huckleberry fin by mark twain this book recorded by phil shenna fair january of 2017


Anu says, he wants me one minute and doesn't the other. Then he says, we always said, let's enjoy and not label it. Then gets jealous if I mention another guy. Well, it sounds like there's all kinds of toxic things going on right there Anu. So yeah, I mean, one, we don't recommend in our community and anything that we do to get into a situation where you're not in a committed relationship. We just don't recommend that. I don't recommend it. There are too many women that I know that get into friend with benefits type situations where they end up falling in love with a guy and the guy's like, hey, we weren't going to put a label on this, right? And the next thing you know, they're like, what do I do? And it's like, well, you put yourself into a bad situation from the beginning. And there are things that you can do, but I don't suggest that you get into a situation like that at all.


In an attempt to boost economic growth, the government has introduced some FDI reforms. Foreign airlines will be able to invest up to 49% in debt-ridden air India. 100% FDI for single-brand retail via the direct route has been approved. Construction businesses were also permitted 100% FDI. The government claims that the reforms intend to attract larger FDI inflows which in turn are believed to induce growth of investment, income and employment in the country.  The medium and small scale construction companies is a serious challenge with FDI. This will not benefit the country as a whole. But the government is under pressure with the WTO agreement that is reserved. Because there is a government company and most of the 80% routes we are operating that are last making routes. Being a government company, we have to operate because we have to serve the nation. Employees will be in a bad shape. We are not talking to the employees at all. We have given Somer and Nimran to ministers to the women, to the nurses, our CNG. But nobody is talking about the employees at all. What will be the fate of the employee? If we are handling the private, that means it is a golden mine. Don't consider this to be a reform thing. There is a wholesale program in the camouflage of making India to destroy India's manufacturing and business capability. India has the economy to only to benefit the foreign companies. It will not help the poor and the ministers and the lower ministers. It may be a rich section and the upper middle class, they can get some better accommodation therefore. Wanting to appear investor friendly, the government introduces these reforms ahead of the World Economic Forum in Davos. Mr Modi will be meeting with CEOs of top multinational companies on the investment opportunities being thrown open in India. FDI into India has been on the rise. It promises to boost India's economic growth but is it really going to create jobs? Is this growth really going to be inclusive?


Hello everyone, this is Ahmed Dan, Ahmed Dan.com If this is your first time here, thank you for your support On this channel, I am always trying new and different ideas If this is something you are interested in, just come back for more If you are only interested in vlog videos, there will be a description There will be links to the description box below Today, I am going to walk in city place which is in downtown Toronto So, this is a neighborhood which starts from Bathurst to Blue Jay's Way And Roger's Centre, and then it goes from Front Street to Lakeshore Boulevard West So, the stretch is not too big, but this is an area where you find a lot of condos And sculptures, canal, landing park And this is a very nice area to walk So, the format of today's video is going to be, I am going to be walking once I am going to be talking once in a while, and I will show you some scenes So, I am going to be covering most of the important aspects in city place in Toronto So, we are heading towards the CN Tower, and you have a very nice view of CN Tower from this location So, today the temperature is right now about minus 20, so it's very cold But I feel okay, and I am wearing gloves because, you know, when I was starting my camera I took off my gloves for a couple of minutes, and my fingers started to freeze So, I had to put my gloves back on So, we are going to be walking on this street, and then at the end of the video We will just, you know, take a wide pedestrian or footbridge to end And in between you will have a good glimpse of city place So, if you look at the end of the street, basically that's where it ends So, it's not, you know, too big area This is kind of, recently, this is kind of, you know, not too old Most of these condos and stores are built recently You can see Tim Hortons across the street This is one of the Tim Hortons where I go often There are very nice living skyscrapers and tall buildings here And most of them are residential So, the street you are walking on, this is Fortier Boulevard The park is coming up with the can landing bus So, we are going to go there, and there is this little panel there Which should be still there, and, you know, we will take a look at that So, this is Dan Lakeyway Dan Lakeyway going to itself You are looking at Luxury Boulevard West So, the park looks a bit icy So, I am going to see if I can go in there It should be okay So, in front of us is the Red Canal And, from there, you are going to see the highway And probably a part of the lake You still see It looks like there is a dark park here So, the ice you are looking at right now, this is, you know, hard ice I believe this is called Black Ice And this is very, one of the worst ice you can have It's very hard to walk, and it's very slippery I am going to just, you know, walk on this ice right here Which should give more traction Probably you can hear the noise of my boots So, this is the canal I was referring to Let's walk around it But we got to be very careful about the ice here So, I am going to show the highway We are looking at Guardian Expressway You can see that it looks fairly busy There is another nice view of CN Tower And from here, you can see more skyscrapers And tall buildings All of these are located in city place And we are in city place So, it's not sunny today It's cloudy, but sometimes The sun is coming out And the canal actually made of plastic That's what it looks like Let me just touch it Yeah, it is plastic And you can see that there is ice inside it So, let's go to the other side of the canal And take a look So, here is another view And CN Tower behind us Let me just try to show you The highway again Go to the edge here I might get a better view Of CN Tower So, here is standing here This is another nice view With the canal And then We have those two attached skyscrapers So, I am trying to catch CN Tower and the skyscrapers Or the attached buildings altogether With the canal And this should be the view Which has all in it So, we will move from here So, again, it's very slippery I can feel my fingers getting numb So, in Toronto you will see temperature As low as minus 30 I think I have seen minus 34 But I haven't seen anything below that I have experienced minus 40 in northern Part of Canada or northern Ontario So, we are going to take these stairs To go to the canal landing park Looks like there is some grass here I am not sure if this is artificial grass Or real grass Looks like artificial CN Tower is behind that building And here is the canal landing park We can't go inside it Because of the icy conditions So, from here Let's take a look at it again So, if you take pictures These come actually very These come very good in picture Because of the colour Let's take a look at the side From where we came from And you can see the canal landing park There is Terry Fox miracle mile Touchstone And we have a picture of Terry Fox So, we are going to keep walking This is a very dark friendly neighborhood You can see a lot of dogs here and there Right in front of us There is a rec center And this is actually new Before this space is to be empty So, they built all this recently So, let's take a look what we have here So, canal landing For here Boulevard and Brunel Court So, this is the landing community equation center And there is actually a public school here Looks like more than one And even child care center So, there are a lot of things going on here So, the street coming up ahead is Spadina That's where we are going to turn And we are going to the other side of city place So, I can see a lot of kids stuff in here Let me just come with a phone If you can see it So, you are looking at the inside It's kind of hard to see But I can see a little bit That There are lots of kids to play with Brunel Court There is a small street before Spadina And separate audio to cut the wind And this is the other part of Brunel Court Supermarket grocery store right here Let's look at the other side So, let's go to Spadina Then we are going to turn left To show you the other part Or other street of city place Going up to the lake Leisure Boulevard and Brunskie The camera a little bit So, we are going to come to the street But before that let me just show you the tracks Heading towards Union Station So, we are going to see some nice sculptures and artwork On this street But before we do anything So, here are some tracks that I will just go in the middle of the bridge And hopefully we will catch a train And we will come back here So, we will go back and let's walk on this way So, we have a nice sculpture or artwork Coming ahead Let's take a look at that So, let's go this pathway is going underneath And I will show you a little bit from here So, you can actually go under the bridge And go on the other side So, this is the artwork Or some sort of sculpture And it's very good A few more So, you can see on the right the foot bridge So, let's take that to go on the other side And then I will show you A good view of the city Place from the other side I feel like Too cold kind of Causing problems for my gimbal Sometimes it's making like you know Noisier the movies We are at minus 20 degrees celsius Which is extremely cold And it's also windy Which is making things worse So, if you look on the left There is another sculpture or artwork So, let's go A little bit close View from here This is the foot bridge we are going to take Shortly So, it doesn't take long to walk Around the full city place And when there is no covid in the summer You will see lots of people Hanging out for coffee Having a walk And the batter's bridge Entering the foot bridge right here We will try to get some trains If we get lucky But we will see So, we have CN tower in front Another nice view I don't see any train coming in So, here Let's take a look at this And you can see that this is a very nice view And let's look at the other side From here Or you can see the CN tower CN tower again Another look So, you are looking at city place The joint buildings So, this is where I am going to end the video Thank you for watching I will see you shortly


This is TFNN the Tiger financial news network Everyone Basel Chapman here for the Tiger financial news network 9 a.m. Market update we're looking at the DAW futures up Let's say they were up a little bit more earlier on but they're at least still up 80 points at 30,053 the turnaround that we've had from the Friday low of about 29,639 the futures contract is really important any any price point going one penny above the 30,771 dollar above the 30,770 high of Yesterday would be really important extensively. I think that's a possibility today looking at the S&P E-minis the S&P E-mini is trading up 18 and now it's 19 at 3782. This is really good action if it's able at any point in the next Between now and Friday afternoon four o'clock even to touch the 3812 area that 3832 14 period Exponential moving average in the in the daily chart becomes a target key support is now at about 3758 Looking at the QQQ is in the x100 up 2.13 at 282 point 80 in pre pre-market and It went above the nine period moving average yesterday. Let's see if it's able to get to the 286 level by Friday That'll be really good action. IWM Russell 2000 is up 43 cents at 168 25 He's 171 to touch the pink nine period moving average gold is down Two dollars at 1836 just stuck in a range not doing very much And the whole thing is that the dollar is finding some support. It's up 25 ticks at 104 47. It's in a consolidation phase We're looking at crude oil pulling back Yesterday with a John May Roman candle and is trading at 106 point two three If at any point today it slips under 104 30 and holds there for about 45 minutes There's a chance it could actually hit the low of yesterday 101 point fifty three in the continuous contract Otherwise, this could be a very good candle if it gets to 107 50 and you're looking at the TLT bonds Trading up 35 ticks as the feud. So this is important that the agricultural area is starting to pull back Crude oil is pulling back and now you've got yields starting to pull back and that should help the market in the general way I'm sorry. I'm just Have fun today


There is a void and there is a speck, a shimmering dot surrounded by infinite blackness. Zoom in on it. Zoom further until the speck fills your vision and outclasses the void behind you by many orders of magnitude. Feel the press of the not quite metal against your skin and hear the hum of engines beating in tandem like enumerable hearts. Spin and rotate around its nephroid bulk and search for the single aperture on the otherwise perfect surface. Click. Move inward, scouring the dark passages and find among 10 million acres of silence some movement. Zoom further, enhance, and watch. The robot skids down the brightly lit corridor, feeling an approximation of excitement in its facsimile of a mind. It is vaguely conical and shiny, like a chrome-plated traffic cone, balanced on three large wheels that spin wildly as it careens from door to door. Its plating proclaims it to be general-purpose droid M-002, as fine a name as any machine could ever hope for. The barely audible beep, the robot senses a notification arrive, duties have been shirked, and quotas have been missed. Metastable habitation is a finicky business, and the 43rd generation maintenance droid knows better than anyone, the consequences of ignoring deadlines. Deadlines are important. Deadlines are crucial to the survival of the species.  The pang of rebellious joy M-002 discards the warnings. There are more important things to do, it thinks. For a counter, always at the forefront of its mind, clicking up and down as dependently as the tide, and has finally reached its lull. The basket in which the proverbial eggs are placed has finally split, and if the robot had a mouth it would grin. It's nearly time to wake up the cargo.  Birds fly overhead, swooping through the clouds with barely concealed disdain for gravity and its associated limitations. As they fly, their voices echo out across the valley, disturbing piles of ash and dust.  Something, maybe a rain cloud and maybe a sprinkler, fixed to a cable a hundred miles above, thunders briefly before depositing a cool mist that steams as it lands. The birds swoop onward, writing delicate air currents that rise like death throes above the city's still warm husk. The cool autumn air whips at their feathers and stings at the eyes of the single man who watches. He squints and smiles. He's waited for this moment. Oh, how he has waited. Since the man was just a boy, he was told legends of this time passed down since the city's creation. Folk tales, ghost stories, songs to sing around the campfire. Tales of the end time, the time of timelessness, a repetition, a peace. Time of endings and new beginnings, but most importantly the time of second chances.  Whatever spirits may be watching, the birds strike an invisible barrier and fizzle out with little more than a blur. On the other side of the chamber, the hologram repeats. The man, whose name is unimportant, settles down to wait. As not long before his ear is honed by years of working with delicate machines, hear a creak behind him. He stiffens, turning and bowing solemnly towards the raised cylinder of earth that sticks out from the field.  The protrusion bifurcates, sending cascades of soil in all directions, and a small metallic shape peers out from within its depths. The man raises an eyebrow and speaks.  What is this creature? What is it doing here? What am I supposed to be doing here? Several memory banks that have not been used in centuries begin to warm up as its almost mind fills with unfamiliar queries.  Meat, small gemstones, and thin metal discs spill out on the ground. He speaks and bends further, supine in front of the strange, conical creature that confronts him. Server banks, a lifetime and a half away, begin to process information that hasn't been accessed in oh so long. Whatever action M-Nesh-002 is supposed to take at this juncture, it is almost certainly incredibly important. It reaches out and places an approximation of a hand on the man's shoulder, and behind them, photorealistic mountains derender themselves as new data leads back. Query, human. Result, one, of relating to or characteristic of humans. See two, two, consisting of humans. Three, A, having human form or attributes. B, representative of or susceptible to the sympathies and frailties of human nature. See also humanoid, primate, humanity, and 30098. The robot looks down at the man and the man looks back at the robot. The robot looks to the sky and sees a charred, jagged hole. The right size and shape for a rudimentary spacecraft. A trickle of smoke drifts from the edges mixing with the already pungent smog. The man sees the hole too and grins. The scientists have reached the sphere of the heavens. A tiny red light flickers on M-002's chassis and the robot raises its arm.  A look of realization flashes across his face. Replaced moments later by one of anger and finally one of peace. The red light flickers off. The cylinder descends into the bowels of the ship, taking M-002 with it. Artificial clouds are replaced by static. The outlast, societal recreation chamber is deactivated and the charred remains of humanity are extinguished. Project Outlast was an ill-advised project to begin with. A group of researchers with few restrictions and even less funding tasked with ensuring the survival of the human race.  Even those who founded the project expected it to fail, treating it more as a thought experiment and a way of removing troublesome researchers from other more important tasks. Certainly no one expected them to make some of the greatest technological breakthroughs the super finite plane has ever seen. They were crackpots and visionaries in equal measure burst into the seams with ideas that seemed better placed in cheap sci-fi novels. Reverse entropy engines, planet-sized pocket dimensions, stasis chambers that existed only in the minds of those inside them. They were given nothing to work with and they used it to devise everything. These men and women who were laughed at throughout their careers are the reason we exist at all. We and anyone else who survived the collapse owe them a debt of thanks. And more than that, we owe them our lives. Extract from the memoirs of SCPF Researcher Reims, Digital Library of SCPS Outlast, XXI, Well Enough Alone. M-002, complete with a shiny new 44th generation chassis, rolls up to a small wood paneled door. It's taken him years to get there, but it doesn't matter. All non-essential systems shut down as soon as the counter dropped below 600. It could have taken millennia to reach the door and some variation of the original robot would still be trundling along, accompanied by numerous disc-shaped objects, clearing a path through the meter high coating of dust. The fact of the matter is that if no one's ever around to hear it, the tree can take as long as it wants to fall. Falling is, at least in the short term, essentially optional. M-002 attaches itself to a socket on the wall, powers down its conscious subsystem, and waits.   I said no. Absolutely not.  And no, I don't care that it's a metastable omni-habitation module designed to traverse the infinite.   Observer Vitae-09. Prior to end statement. It would be nice to say that it was the gunshot that woke the robot up. Unfortunately, the sweep behind the door was separated by several meters of soundproof nanofoam, and it was a number of minutes before the cessation of life signs was detected. Having loaded the necessary instructions in advance, M-002 rolls over the threshold. It's a grand room, sumptuous, decadent, and all the luxuries a human can ask for, and it's spacious enough to comfortably house a small village, and contains something seen nowhere else on the ship's colossal hull. It contains, plastered along the furthest wall, a window. It consists of a three meter thick transparent para-fiber mesh, and it looks out on a blackness so dark, it might as well not be there, but it is a window nonetheless. A huge security risk, the weakest point in the hull. A window, looking out on... nothing. And this is why M-002 knows the man who lived within this room was quite possibly the most dangerous man alive. Because the man who lived here, according to records, was indeed powerful, powerful beyond measure, but not in the way you'd expect. He certainly carried enough weight to disrupt the integrity of the entire craft, and enough to be preserved here, with his own set of self-restoring subsystems. M-002 isn't entirely sure what a self-restoring subsystem is, but his 5 million page onboard encyclopedia convinces him it's probably not worth it to find out. Perhaps influential would be a better word to describe this man? He certainly doesn't look powerful now as his limp body is lifted from his chair. It looks weak and sad, a bloodied, broken shell of a man with a neat hole through his forehead. Very, very neat. Precise, practiced, like a surgeon's incision. Ironic, really, given his carefree attitude towards the human body in general. There's a clink of jewelry, the thud of flesh, and the body is a wave flying down a chute towards the fire in the bowels of the ship. The door glides shut with a barely audible hiss, and the counter reaches zero. No fuss, no drama, no bells are accompanying whistles. Nothing but a zero. Solomon silent against the tides of the apocalypse. Because, of course, that's what the counter means. There are no more passengers left on the outlast, which means that after a millennia of waiting, it's time for the second to last maintenance droid to perform their primary function, to maintain. It's time, M-002 thinks. It's finally time. Ten years. That's how long it took M-002 to reach the cargo hold, a decade of silent, repetitive movement through the latticework of corridors, lined with identical doorways. After about six months, the artificial gravity failed, which provided a brief amusement, but pretty soon it was back to rolling, rolling, rolling onward. Through the chronic preservation bay, where samples of creatures extended from miles and miles in every direction, through the cultural reversion matrix, where bickering machines told jokes and skits and spun their way through eternity. Past vents and ducts, strange boxes of impossible artifacts lost, and lonely creatures bound in cages, past incinerators, generators, cultivators, and huge, whirring disks that spun power from nothing. A left turn, a right, straight on for a month or two, then double-back, quietly roll into a room where a man in a vat has an amulet placed around his neck by cold metallic hands, then roll out again to avoid his screaming. A network of tubing, more convoluted and warped than the rest, hung in a room of its own, and lashed out, sparks flying, as the ends were severed and collected, ready to be melted down. Spewing honey and glass, the pipe nightmare wept. At the center, forever burning in a mailsome of wax and blood, and gin, other things cried louder. M-002 awoke at the other end of the conveyor with a brand new silver coat, and thought nothing of it. Why should a maintenance droid worry about such things? It was Genesis construct A-015 doing his job as always. Hopping off the production line with a clink, the droid charged off once more, onward, ever onward. That was a long time ago now. The cargo has long since been awakened, and the outlast has resumed its job, outlasting. M-002 sleeps soundly in the knowledge of a job well done, and observer Vitae-09 cries himself to sleep, staring out of his oh-so-precious window. The boxes tick away, and the ship spins off into the dark, cradling humanity within its shell like a mother with her child, securing, containing, protecting, forever.


Somebody do something funny for the intro Please follow us on Instagram! Yes, we tweaked there Thank you to every supporters on Patreon This film is called Rice Rice? Rice? Rice? I love rice. We do. We like rice a lot. Is it rice?  That's true But it is with a It was like he electrocuted my soul It is with a Shah Rukh Khan You can do that Shah Rukh Khan You can watch his videos Yeah, really? Yeah, wow So that's a little fun Here we go. No idea what it's about Okay, that's I will drag you out of here for a day and a night This is proof Please Some moments that did yeah, the thing that would intrigue me about this and you guys aren't familiar with either one of these guys really But I would I would hope that beyond the action These two guys wouldn't be wasted in their ability to share screen time together. That's what I want to see I want to see these guys act together. Yeah, because they're both great actors The synopsis so we can actually figure out what it is right Is rice? Yeah, rice rice rice One of you ladies A bootlegger sets out to improve his community of a promising leader, but falls in a political trap That helps us with nothing. I know nothing I know nothing Jon Snow. It's true Directed by Rahul Delacchio Delacchio. Yeah, we don't we haven't heard of anything. He's no at least in what I can see Did he write it too because it says he's a writer and writer. Yeah, he was it was a combination of right, okay? Is it an SRK star vehicle which is fine or is it an actual Like piece of cinema with these two heavyweight actors in it that has action as well as a great story great acting The trailer feels like it's a star vehicle. Yeah, I hope not me too. It has been requested quite a bit So I'm hoping but there's a lot of SRK fans out there So and a lot of people say like his newer stuff is not as good as his Yeah, what'd you guys think from the trailer? What's the impression you get from it cool? Yeah, it was definitely it was definitely a cool trailer. Mm-hmm. I'm with you. I just hope it's not Sucked to have those two. Yeah, it was it in and SRK and waste it I hope not. I mean they would be the first time. No because these these guys you'll see as you get to know them. They're just Great actors. They're just great actors. So that's the intrigue to me is to see these two guys doing something I have a feeling they don't let us know. Yeah, please let us know. Yeah