So, we have been learning about second Corinthians and we moved on to chapter 3 and we were looking at maybe project the notes also in a little while, but we were looking at chapter 3 and how Paul declares that to the Corinthians that you are our epistle, that you are our epistle and you also says that you are the epistle of the Lord, that the Lord has your life itself that you are an epistle of the Lord Jesus, epistle of Christ. And how is that epistle written? That is by the work of the Holy Spirit.  And then he says that we have such trust towards God, we have such trust towards God and we are not sufficient of ourselves, our sufficiency, which means our ability to teach and minister and ability to do everything comes from God, our sufficiency is from God, that is we read in 2 Corinthians 3 and verse 5 says our sufficiency, our ability to do anything comes from God and also then he goes on to say that in verse 6, 2 Corinthians 3 verse that this is who we are. The Lord has made us able or he has given us the ability, he has made us sufficient to be ministers, to be servants of the new covenant, not of the letter, but he has made us sufficient to be ministers of the new covenant and what is the new covenant? It is that of the Spirit. It is not of the law, but of the Spirit and he goes on to say what the old covenant does. In the sense, he says the letter kills referring to the law, referring to the old covenant that the letter, the law brings us under condemnation. It shows that we are sinful people, it shows what is right, what is morally wrong before God and therefore it points us to the fact that we are unrighteous, we have not been able to live that pure and holy life before God that we are unrighteous and it does not give us the ability to come out of it because we don't have the ability in ourselves, it is only through Christ. So which is what the new covenant does because by the power of the Spirit, we have light. Because of the cross, we have life, we have passed from death to life.  So there's the letter kills but the Spirit gives life that we saw in verse 6. And then he goes on to explain and we also looked at Romans chapter 7 and we saw why the letter kills and why the Spirit gives life. Now let's look at from verse 7 onwards where he contrasts between or makes a difference between the old covenant and the new covenant and goes on to talk about the difference between them. So he goes on to talk about what the old covenant does and uses several different terms to talk about both. So let's look at that. If you're following any notes and I'm just projecting it here, but it's page 18. So from verse 7 onwards, but if the ministry of death written and engraved on stones was glorious, so the children of Israel could not look steadily at the face of Moses because of the glory of his countenance, which glory was passing away, how will the ministry of the Spirit not be more glorious? So let's look at that. He's saying this old covenant and the law that was before the cross says the ministry of death written and engraved on stones. That is how the Lord gave those 10 commandments to Moses that was engraved on stones and it was given and it was glorious. So that ministry, that work of God was glorious. So the children of Israel, so what happened, you know, is referring to an incident in Exodus chapter, I think it's that chapter 34. We can probably go there and turn to Exodus chapter 34 and I think we can read from verse 29 onwards. Is it 34? Yeah. 3429. Now it was so when Moses came down from Mount Sinai and the two tablets of the testimony were in Moses hands. So the law was given what you should do, what you should not do and it was in his hands and that Moses did not know that the skin of his face shone while he talked with them. So when Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses, behold the skin of his face shone and they were afraid to come near him. Then Moses called to them and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned to him and Moses talked with them afterward all the children of Israel came near and he gave them as commandments all that the Lord has spoken with them on Mount Sinai. And when Moses has finished speaking with them, he put a veil on his face but whenever Moses went in before the Lord to speak with him, he would take the veil off until he came out and he would come out and speak to the children of Israel, whatever he had been commanded and whenever the children of Israel saw the face of Moses, that the skin of Moses face shone, then Moses would put the veil on his face again until he went in to speak with him, referring to God. So Moses put on this veil, veil means a covering, a cloth to cover his face because it was actually shining because he was in the presence of God and it says here that the people were actually afraid to come near him, which means it was something that was very visible in case of the glory of God. So Paul is saying this was glorious, the ministry of death, so that the children of Israel could not steadily look at the face of Moses. So since it was, you know, we see that it was glorious, so, just a minute please. So that itself was glorious. So the ministry of the Spirit, how will that not be even more glorious? How will not, that particular glory was actually passing away, it was fading away. So it was not a permanent thing, his face, yes his face shone, but it would fade away. But how will the ministry of the Spirit not be more glorious? If the letter was glorious, how will not the ministry of the Spirit be even more glorious? So he, and then he says in verse 9, for if the ministry of condemnation had glory, the ministry of righteousness exceeds much more in glory. Like we saw, you know, the law pointed it to everyone that they were wrong, because the standard of God was here and everybody was way down. So that is what the law pointed out. So it was, it condemned everybody to be sinners. It condemned everyone to be sinners. Like in Romans 3, verse 23, for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, now how did everyone know that? It was because of the law, right? So called it the ministry of condemnation. Verse 24, Romans 3, verse 24, being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus. So verse, you know, if you look at verse 9 in 2 Corinthians 3, there's the ministry of righteousness exceeds much more in glory. For even what was made glorious had no glory in this respect because of the glory that excels. So he says there's no comparison because this is even more glorious. Or if what was passing away, what is passing away was glorious, what remains is much more glorious. Verse 11, so we know that the Spirit of God indwells us, he is with us forever and he continues to minister to us and through us, right? So that is what the Lord Jesus said that the Holy Spirit will come, will abide with you forever. So you know, he's staying with us, he stays with us, he ministers to us as believers. He sanctifies us, he leads us into victory and he enables us to minister to others. So he's saying if what was passing away was glorious, you know, what remains is much more glorious. Verse 12, therefore, since we have such hope, we use great boldness of speech. We use great boldness of speech. So let's look at some of the terms, the words that he uses to talk about both these covenants, okay? We see that he says old covenant, new covenant, ministry of death, ministry of the Spirit, the ministry of condemnation and ministry of righteousness, what is passing away, what remains, right? So to differentiate between the covenants, okay? So it says we have so much hope in this covenant because of the, because it remains, right? It does not change, it does not fade. The glory remains, the glory is, you know, it's constant. So he's saying since there is glorious hope in such a glorious covenant, okay? So he's saying since we have much hope in this glorious covenant, we use great boldness of speech. So we're saying, you know, we have bold and courage is in our proclamation, right, a proclamation of the gospel. We use great boldness of speech. Verse 17 and 18, now the Lord is the Spirit and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty. The Lord is the Spirit and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty or freedom or when we say freedom, it's not freedom to do anything that you want, but it's freedom, legitimate freedom, meaning freedom to do the right thing, right? You're free to do the right thing. You're free to walk in righteousness where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom. Okay, he has set us free and he has set us free and he's released us as slaves of righteousness. So there is freedom where the Spirit of the Lord is. And verse 18, but we all with unveiled face, beholding as in a mirror, the glory of the Lord are being transformed into the same image from glory to glory just as by the Spirit of the Lord. He's saying that when we turn to the Lord, when we look to the Lord, there is liberty, there is freedom. Okay, I think I just skipped to verse 17, but let's just look at verse 13 to 16. I'm sorry. Let's just look at 13 to 16 before we go over to 17. So he says, we have great boldness of speech. And then he says, verse 13, unlike Moses, who had a veil over his face, okay, because of the glory of the Lord, because the children of Israel could not look steadily at that glory. They were afraid. We just read in Exodus 34, but he says in verse 14 that their minds were blinded. The minds of the children of Israel was blinded and he says, until this day, okay, even till today, the same veil remains unlifted, okay. What does it mean? It means that even into the present day to the Jews, the same veil in the sense there is a kind of a covering. There is a covering, just like how Moses, you know, put that veil so that the glory could not be seen, there is a similar, the same kind of a veil, which remains there in the reading of the Old Testament, okay. Why? Because the Old Testament is actually pointing people to the Lord Jesus, right. Well, everything of the Old Testament is, the prophetic writings are pointing to the Lord Jesus and while the reading of, there is the reading of the Old Testament to the Jews, there remains that veil, okay, and that veil, that covering is taken away in Christ Jesus. So when one turns to the Lord, only then is that covering taken away.  They're not able to receive. Why? Because they have rejected Christ, they're not able to understand, they're not able to see that, well, you know, all these scriptures are actually pointing to the Lord Jesus. A veil lies on their heart, just like how it was covering the glory, it was not allowing the people to see the glory. Anyway here, they're not able to see the glory of the Lord Jesus because even in the reading of the Old Testament, when every time the writings of Moses are read, they're not able to see the glory of the Lord Jesus because there is a veil, there is a covering over their heart. Nevertheless, verse 16, nevertheless, when one turns to the Lord, that veil is taken away. Right? When one turns to the Lord, that veil is taken away, okay. So then he says, we have such glorious hope, we use boldness of speech. Now verse 18, but we all with unveiled face, beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord. Okay, so with unveiled face, beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord. What is happening? First of all, all of us, we have unveiled face, that covering has been taken away because we have turned to the Lord Jesus.  There's nothing hiding us, the veil has been taken away. And beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, we are being transformed, okay. The word used there is metamorph, which means that we are changed from one form to another, one image to another, we are changed, we are transformed. That is drastic change. When we see, when we look at, when we behold the glory of God, you know he says, beholding the glory of God, we are being transformed into the same image from glory to glory just as by the spirit of the Lord. So what is happening is that as we continue to behold, okay, beholding and continuing as we continue to behold, not just once, but we continue to look, we continue to gaze and observe and study the works of the Lord, okay. What is the glory of the Lord, who the Lord is and what he does, his power, his presence, everything. And so as we study, as we observe, as we study, as we gaze, as we spend time doing that, what is happening, we are continuously being transformed. As we gaze, as we study, as we continue to look upon the Lord, we are being continuously changed. We are being transformed on level of Christlikeness to another level of Christlikeness. We are being continuously changed and that continuous change happens as we observe, as we study the works of the Lord, as we spend time in the presence of the Lord. So he is saying we are being transformed into that very same image, okay. So that's a wonderful thing that we are being transformed as we continue to be, or continue to look, continue to study and the way of the Lord, the works of the Lord. We are being transformed, okay, and that's who brings about the transformation, he says, just as by the spirit of the Lord, by the spirit of the Lord, we are being continuously transformed from one glory to another, he says, into the same image, okay, into the same likeness. Whose image is this? The likeness of Christ, right, because who are we, who are we studying? Who are we gazing upon? Who are we observing the Lord himself, right? So as we observe his glory, his works, who he is, what he does, we are being changed. How are we changed by the Holy Spirit? Into what? Into the same likeness, right, into the Lord, the image of the Lord himself. Into the same likeness, we are being changed by the spirit of the Lord. So, you know, the transforming work of the Lord is in our hearts, from the inside out, it is, it becomes visible, tangible, right, so we're able to see that this work is being done by the Holy Spirit, okay. Okay, let's move on to chapter four, okay, before we move on to chapter four, any questions, any doubts, any clarifications, okay, we can talk about that. Okay, so this chapter three, again, Paul talking about his, observing the Corinthians and they're saying that, you know, you are a work of the Lord, you are a work of the Holy Spirit, the transformative work of the Holy Spirit. And he starts by saying, you know, do we need any letters of commendation, right?  It's like saying, okay, you know, have you seen the lives of these Corinthians? You know, we've been stood to them, right? And our ministry is by the power of the Holy Spirit, right?  And as, you know, you look at their lives, that itself shows the kind of ministry that we did, the kind of ministry that we do, okay. So we're saying this itself is like a letter of commendation. We don't need any letters, your life is an episode, okay. And then he goes on to talk about the covenant and how we are actually ministers of the new covenant, which brings life, it's a glorious covenant. It's, you know, it's much glorious than the old, you know, the old covenant. The thing is that that itself, the old covenant itself was glorious, okay. And he says, if that was glorious, this is, how will not this be even more glorious? And we are ministers of this glorious, ministry, glorious covenant. And in doing so, he talks about how Moses used, covered his face with a veil and in order to, you know, stop that glory from, sorry, in order to cover that glory from being visible because people were being afraid, people were afraid. And they didn't want to come near. So he had to literally cover his face was shining and he had to literally cover his face. Now the thing is that even as he did so, you know, there is a veil upon the hearts of people, right. There is a veil which is preventing people. There is like a covering which is preventing the Jews to see Jesus for who he is. They're not able to understand who Jesus is. They're not able to come to the conclusion that Jesus is the Messiah, right. There is a veil because they've rejected, they've not turned to him. And that veil is taken away only when people turn to the Lord. So he's saying, but we with unveiled faces because we've already turned to the Lord, that veil has been taken away, you're seeing the glory of the Lord. So as we see the glory of the Lord with unveiled face, beholding the glory as in a mirror, the glory of the Lord, what happens when we see, you know, that beholding means to observe, to study, to keenly, you know, examine, to study. What happens? We are being transformed. So that's chapter three. And then also he continues on in chapter four. Let's let's look at chapter four. Therefore, since we have this ministry, as we have received mercy, we do not lose heart. First, he said, we are bold, we are courageous, we have much hope. Since we have this hope, we use great boldness of speech. And that's what he says here. Says, since we have this glorious ministry, this ministry of the Holy Spirit, led by the Holy Spirit, since we have this ministry, as we have received mercy, we do not lose heart. But we have renounced the hidden things of shame, not walking in craftiness, nor handling the word of God deceitfully, but by manifestation of the truth, commending ourselves to every man's conscience in the sight of God. But even if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled to those who are perishing, whose minds the God of this age has blinded, who do not believe, lest the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine on them. For we do not preach ourselves, but Christ Jesus the Lord. And ourselves, your bond servants, for Jesus is safe. For it is the God who commanded light to shine out of darkness, who has shone in our hearts to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. So let's look at each of these verses. So he says in verse one, since we have this ministry, as we have received mercy, we do not lose heart. We are not discouraged, because he's going to talk about some discouraging things that happen. So he's saying, since we have this glorious ministry, since we are ministers of this new covenant, which is glorious, and we have the Holy Spirit, and we are with unveiled face, we are looking at the glory of the Lord, and we are being transformed into the image of Christ, even as we do that. So he says, since we have this ministry, we do not lose heart. And as we have received mercy, we do not lose heart, okay? But we have renounced, renounced means to give up, okay? To put away, put aside. So we have renounced, what have they renounced? The hidden things of shame, not walking in craftiness, nor handling the word of God deceitfully, okay? So this is what it is. So we have renounced the hidden things of shame, that anything that would cause shame, anything that would cause any kind of shame in our lives, we have put it away, okay? I don't want to do these things. So I've put away the things of shame. And I do not walk, he says secondly, not walking in craftiness, okay? Not walking in craftiness, meaning that he does not use any cunningness or craftiness or manipulating people or use any lies for the sake of getting people to understand or getting people to believe. So he says in this ministry, it is a glorious ministry. And we have renounced, we have put away, put aside all the hidden things of shame, okay? And this is how we live when he says not walking, which means the way one's lifestyle, right? So this is how we walk, in other words, this is how we live our life, okay? Not living in craftiness, nor, so he writes about certain things, right? Renouncing the hidden things of shame, not walking in craftiness, nor handling the word of God deceitfully, right? So which means that when using the word of God, when I handle the word of God, when I use the word of God, when I minister the word of God, it is not with any ulterior motive, okay? It is with pure motives. I don't use it to cheat people, right? We don't, I don't use it deceitfully. That is what he means, right? We're not using the word of God deceitfully, not handling the word of God deceitfully, but in the right manner, not using it to gain advantage over people, not using it to enslave people, not using it to get people to do what I want for my life, right? So not putting people at a disadvantage. So he says, you know, not handling the word of God deceitfully, but by manifestation or display of the truth, okay? But by manifestation of the truth, commending ourselves to every man's conscience in the presence of God. So he's saying, you know, I don't compromise on the word, I don't change the word, I don't adulterate the word. We saw, you know, where he says, in the previous chapter two, we don't peddle the word of God, meaning we don't adulterate the word of God. We don't change it in order to benefit us and put you at risk. No. So he says, we do not do anything like that, okay? No cunningness when it comes to, you know, talking to people or interacting with people, handle the word of God in a non-deceitful, in truth. So that is what he says. I don't handle it deceitfully or by, but by manifestation of the truth. Truth is very clearly displayed.  So by display of the truth and by the display of the truth, the way I live my life, by the display of the truth, commend myself, okay, in order to commend ourselves to every man's conscience. So what does that mean? The way I live my life, that itself is a recommendation or a commendation, saying to every man's conscience.  I know that, okay, the way he lives his life, the way he's handling the word of God that recommends him, his ministry and he has a person to my conscience, okay? So that is what he says. By the manifestation of the truth, commending ourselves to every man's conscience in the sight of God, that God is our witness, okay? Do all this and I'm making an appeal to your conscience that we are in fact doing the right thing and it is in the witness as God is our witness in the sight of God, okay? Then in verse three, you see, but even if our gospel is veiled, this good news that I've repreached, if it is veiled, if it is covered, if it is blocked in some way, it is veiled to those who are perishing, okay? Meaning that these people have not received, not accepted the truth. So it is veiled to those, it is covered to those who are perishing and it also says in verse four, whose minds that the God of this age has blinded. The God of this age is referring to Satan, referring to the powers of darkness. What has happened? Satan has blinded their minds. So you see, normally what, when we say blind, we talk about sight, right? Something that we see, not able to see. You say, okay, this person has blindness, is blinded. So here, the usage is that his minds have been blinded. Okay, so what is it? The mind is not able to receive. The mind is not able to understand. Okay, with our minds, we think, with our minds, we reason, with our minds, we understand, right? Now, similar to how we see with our eyes and we have sight because of our eyes, when our eyes are blinded, we don't see that, right? We're not able to, the vision is either blurred, it's something to do with the eyes, we're not able to see clearly. In the same manner, because Satan has done something blinded the minds, so what is it? The mind is not able to receive. The mind is not able to comprehend, understand, and receive the truth, okay? Lest the light of the gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine on them, right? So this is what Satan has done. Satan does, Satan has imprisoned them, actually. He's allowed them, he's not allowing them to see. Minds have been blinded. For we do not preach ourselves, but Christ Jesus the Lord, and ourselves, your born servants for Jesus's sake. So we think we're not preaching about ourselves or about anything about us, but we preach about the Lord Jesus. And who are we? We are actually your servants, I use the word born servants, which means slaves. We are servants for the sake of the Lord Jesus. We are your servants or your slaves for the sake of the Lord Jesus, right? For the sake, meaning for the sake of his, what he wants done, right? For the sake of the ministry that he wants done, for the sake of the people whom he takes us to and asks us to serve for his, for that sake, we are even like slaves to serve you. Okay, so he brings it very different, different perspective about ministry itself, right? He's saying we are your born servants for the sake of the Lord Jesus. For it is God who commanded light to shine out of darkness who has shone in our hearts to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. So what does it mean that it means that, you know, yes, God has used us. He uses us to proclaim and he has actually commanded light. The one who commanded light to shine out of darkness was six, the one who created. Okay, let me just go down. The one who is a creator God, okay. Now this God, he has commanded light, the one who actually commanded light to shine out of darkness, he has shone in our hearts. He himself has done something in our hearts to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God. So saying this knowledge of the glory of God is light that takes away darkness, that dispels darkness. You know, when that light comes, then darkness leaves, right? So this light, this knowledge of the glory of God is actually light, light, which shines in the dark. So the God actually commanded light to shine out of darkness. In creation, we see that. The same God who commanded light to shine out of darkness is shining this light in our hearts to take away the darkness. He took away the darkness. He takes away the darkness in our hearts by shining the light. And what is that light? The knowledge of the glory of Christ. Knowledge of the glory of God in the phase of Jesus Christ. So which means that this knowledge of the Lord Jesus is like light which dispels darkness. Whatever ignorance is there, whatever darkness is there, whatever the works of the enemy are there, those are taken away because of this light. Then verse seven says, but we have this treasure. You know, this knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. Now we have this treasure. What is the word treasure used there?  You know, the Greek word used there is thesaurus. Let's just read those eight verses, right? But we have this treasure in earth and vessels that the excellence of the power may be of God and not of us. We are heart-pressed on every side, yet not crushed. We are perplexed, yet not in despair, but not in despair. Persecuted, but not forsaken. Struck down, but not destroyed. Always carrying about in the body the dying of the Lord Jesus that the life of Christ may also be manifested in our body. For we who live are always delivered to death for Jesus' sake, that the life of Jesus also may be manifested in our mortal flesh. So then death is working in us, but life in you. And since we have the same spirit of faith according to what is written, I believed and therefore I spoke, we also believe and therefore speak, knowing that he who raised up the Lord Jesus will also raise us up with Jesus and will present us with you. For all things are for your sakes that grace, having spread through the many, may cause thanksgiving to abound to the glory of God. Okay, so let's look at verse seven. It says, but we have this treasure. Now what is that treasure that he's referring to?  What is it? It's the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ, meaning the glory of the Lord, the knowledge of the ways, the will, the desires, the plans, whatever, you know, that pertains to the Lord Jesus. Now that is like treasure. Yeah, the Greek word used there, thesaurus, meaning a deposit, a wealth, a collection of treasure. But we have this treasure in earthen vessels. He's again reminding the reader that, you know, we are, we have been created out of the earth, right? That's how God fashioned man, Genesis account, we have been created out of the earth. So we have, we carry it in earthen vessels. Earthen vessels also meaning that, you know, it's not, this is fragile. It's bound to break, right? It's, it's not long lasting. There is a time when it will, it will just crumble, right? And this is what the container, the container is like this. It's an earthly, fragile container. So we are like this. So we cannot boast about things of the earth or our physical ability or our accomplishments or anything because it is just a container. Our body is just a container. What we do in the natural, the physical, it's, it's, it's off the earth. And why did he do that? Why did he do it specifically? So that the excellence of the power may be of God. So that the excellence of the power, the power of God, you know, he's again coming back to that in one Corinthians also, you know, if you remember one Corinthians chapter one, he talks about how he wants them to put their faith in the power of God and not in the wisdom of man. He wants them, he wants the Corinthian church, he wants the believer to be acquainted, to have a knowledge of and understanding of and faith in the power of God and not in the wisdom of man. So here also he's saying, you know, it's the excellence of the power is, is of God, meaning he's the source of that. And it's not us because we carry this knowledge, we carry his presence, we carry his power and all that is in the earthly vessel. We carry it, it's a, it's a treasure that we carry in earthen vessels. Okay. So that the glory, the power of God may be displayed and so that ourselves, you know, it is not of our power, our ability, the excellence of the power is actually of God, he's the source. Okay. Verse eight, we are hard pressed here from verse eight, you know, here he goes on to talk about some of the difficulties, challenges, the trials that he has faced. Okay. And the thing is that, you know, whatever he has faced, and he's saying that we did not give up. Okay. Let's read that. We are hard pressed on every side, yet not crushed. We are perplexed, but not in despair, persecuted, but not forsaken, struck down, but not destroyed. Okay. So he's saying we are hard pressed, meaning we are, it's like a lot of pressure upon us, you know, there's a lot of oppression, hard pressed on every side, but we are not crushed. Okay. We are not, it's not the end. Yes, the reality is that we are facing this kind of pressure. We are hard pressed. Then secondly, we are perplexed. Okay. We don't know what to do. We have come to the end of ourselves. You know, we don't have answers sometimes. We are perplexed, but not in despair. You know, we're not troubled. We're not in despair. Yes, the reality is that we are perplexed. We don't know the answers. We don't have the answers. We don't know all the things, you know, how to solve these things, but we are not in despair. We are persecuted. The reality is that everywhere I go, everywhere they, they were being persecuted for their faith, but not forsaken. You're not forsaken by the Lord. Okay. It might be forsaken by people. It might be persecuted, but not forsaken. Struck down. Struck down. And meaning that we are actually put down physically. We are struck down by the blows of man. We are on the ground, but not destroyed. It might be struck down, but we are not destroyed. Okay. Okay. So let's, we'll take a break here and we'll come back and also discuss maybe and any questions other we can clarify. Okay. We'll take a break.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we discuss the following question that says write the median class of the following distribution. We have given the classes and the corresponding frequencies. We have to write the median class for this distribution. Let's recall what is the median class. Median class is the class whose cumulative frequency is greater than and nearest to n upon 2 where we have n is the total frequency. This is the key idea that we use in this question. Let's proceed with the solution now. To find the median class, we find the cumulative frequencies of all the classes and also we will find n upon 2. So first let's find out the cumulative frequency for all the classes. So this is the table. We will find the cumulative frequencies for all the classes. The cumulative frequency for the class 0 to 10 is its frequency itself which is 4. Now the cumulative frequency for the class 10 to 20 is obtained by adding the frequency of the class 0 to 10 which is 4 and the class 10 to 20 which is 4. So that becomes 8. Now similarly we will find the cumulative frequency for the class 20 to 30 which is given by adding this 8 and 8 which is 16. Then cumulative frequency for the class 30 to 40 is 10 plus 16 is 26. Cumulative frequency for the class 40 to 50 is 12 plus 26 which is 38. Cumulative frequency for the class 50 to 60 is 8 plus 38 which is 46. Cumulative frequency for the class 60 to 70 is 4 plus 46 which is 50. And here we have n which is the total frequency is equal to 50. Now let's find out what is n upon 2. This is equal to 50 upon 2 which is 25. So the class having the cumulative frequency greater than 25 or nearest to 25 would be the median class. Now on this table we find that the class 30 to 40 has the cumulative frequency 26 which is greater than n upon 2 that is 25. And so we say that 30 to 40 is the median class. So this is our final answer. This completes the session. Hope you have understood the solution of this question.


Backroads is made possible by the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund with money by the vote of the people November 4th, 2008. I'm looking for the perfect place to sit, I'm looking for the perfect seat The one that feels most comfortable is the perfect one for me If I shouldn't find it, if I'm forced to stand Happy or beside me, here to hold my hand I'm looking for the perfect place to stand, the perfect place to see The one that feels most comfortable is the perfect one for me If I just can't find it, honey We'll make do, happy or beside me And I love you too I'm looking for the perfect place to be, relax since where it's at Doesn't matter what I'm doing or if I stood or sat as long as You're beside me honey, I'm where I want to be Happy or beside me baby, happy or with me I'm looking for the perfect spot, a perfect space and time The spot that feels most comfortable is the spot that I'll call mine There it is, plain as day, my spot's right next to you The perfect place beside my honey, next to Connie Lou The perfect place to be, relax since where it's at Doesn't matter what I'm doing or if I stood or sat as long as You're beside me honey, I'm where you're beside me baby Happy or with me, I'm looking for the perfect spot A perfect space and time The spot that feels most comfortable is the spot that I'll call mine There it is, plain as day, my spot's right next to you The perfect place beside my honey, next to Connie Lou My spot's right next to you The perfect place beside my honey, next to Connie Lou Hey, thank you so much. What is your history with music? When I was young, my older sister Jackie hooked me up with a ukulele and her husband taught me how to play, I was four and then at six my brother got a guitar and he taught me how to play I had an uncle named Uncle Roy who was a singing cowboy kind of guy and I wanted to emulate him When I was a kid we used to come up north as a family and then I started bringing my own family up north that's what this next song is called, all about, this is called Chasing My Blues Away It seems those were downshacked out on a crystal lake The smell of those old pine trees and my blues Yes, I've ever seen Those soothing strings make my old dog smile Put another my blues and chasing my blues He's kissing all the kids I'm so glad she creeps into my soul and makes me feel so mean It makes me wonder Chasing my blues and chasing my blues Chasing my blues, crystal lake Thank you so much. And what are some of your influences, specific artists that kind of influenced how you perform and sound? Well I've been performing live ever since I was young and so probably the greatest influence on me was the musicians that I was able to work with When I was 18 years old I played with a guy named Dan Rinaldi from a Twin Cities band called The Litter and he emphasized to me the importance of the rhythmic structure of a song and the economy of sound used as a rhythm guitar player He influenced me greatly I was also able to work with a bass player named Donnie Larson Both of these guys are in the Minnesota Rock and Roll Hall of Fame And Donnie Larson plays bass like nobody I've ever heard and simply working with him brought out so much in me All of a sudden you're playing a lick that it's familiar to a lick that you heard 10, 15, 20 years ago, you know? What's the importance of having that kind of musician fellowship kind of atmosphere? The thing with music is it's constantly evolving and as a musician you're constantly evolving There's things that you can play after you've been playing for 10 years that you couldn't have played the first two years and it goes on and on and on and then you think that you've mastered something and you hear some guy on TV like Tommy Emanuel and he blows your mind and it just gives you more stuff to work on It's constantly evolving That's one of the things I love about music As a player you're always challenged, always Just look at the view Just look at the view How would you describe the experience of playing live music in front of an audience? It can be a complete lift If it's the right audience for the right music, you know, if it goes together it's great There's a bond that develops when the audience is into the music and if the audience isn't into the music it can be like pulling teeth But as far as reaching an audience I think one of the best ways that has worked for me is talking to them Don't isolate them, don't isolate yourself To get the audience on your side you have to reveal something of yourself and you have to just put it out there and it happens as it happens, you know The thing with songs is you can express yourself in a song and it turns out that it touches other people for different reasons but it means something to them too, you know So you're giving it away Every song was written at a certain period in my life and they reflect my head at the time You know, we'd have to have a three hour show to talk about the meaning of each of these songs because they're all really important to me You know, they're very important A song, Winter Blues, it just deals with the guy being alone facing the fact that there's nothing he can do He just has to go through this heartache and then all of a sudden he's got a spring fever and life changes You know, and that's the song I think that's a really interesting thing about music is that it's like a personal diary with music Yeah, when I released CD Chasing My Blues Away friends made the comment that it was the story of my wife and I It was a story of how we fell in love and where we're at now, you know And I look at the lyrics and they're pretty right, you know That is what it is, they're all real life stories The thing with songs is you can express yourself in a song and it turns out that it touches other people for different reasons but it means something to them, too


So as you can probably see, we're having some very interesting technical experience with them. So I think you can all play it. If you want to have some, I'm going to have to try and present all the laptop, showing you the slides from here. You can read really strong letters. So I don't know whether you're going to get much context. If you've got your own laptop, you can download the slides, try and follow them with anything there. I'll try my best, and hopefully we can get some differential team to come back and do that. So I will try my, most of the time, just talk to you. A lot of the details are actually quite difficult to read on the slide anyway, and I can probably get most of the information across to you by just talking. So it is some kind of weird, impromptite thing. Quite weird. Yes. I think I'm sufficiently uncoordinated. Okay. So what was I intending to talk to you about today? Nothing else. This sort of stemmed from an adventure I had trying to cross-compile the compiler RT library of some various different versions of BAM. And I thought after going through the various bits of pain and trying to get Seamaker to work properly which is actually probably the most difficult bit of the whole endeavor. And then sort of just saying, well, okay, how is this actually working? Why is this strange error message coming up? And I went on a bit of a deep dive into the driver to work out how this actually works. And then tried to write some of this artwork. So I've submitted a really manual like page on how to cross-compile the compiler RT and find on the LLVN documentation sort of side. So I thought, okay, I've done all that work. Can I generalize that, put it into a presentation and try and talk to you about it? I think that's what I found that after investigating this for another couple of weeks, I think I knew less when I came out of the two weeks than I did when I did. But I'll try and do my best to try to get at least across some of the general principles. I'll cross-compilation how it works within Climb and LLVN. So the first thing I'm going to start with is some definitions of what I'm going to use. For those of you at the back, I've said it's this thing, host, and that's one app by the host system. That's the sort of one that you're running the compiler on. The target is the sort of system that you're cross-compiling for. So most typical example would be your host is x8664. Your target is some embedded microcontroller, something like an ARM type of thing. Oh, by the way, I'm using ARM in AR64 a lot. It's currently working for the NARU. That's what I'm familiar with. A lot of the same principles that apply to other architectures as well, that sort of thing. I'm just using it. So if I had to say the word native compilation, I mean the host is the same target. If I say cross-compilation, I mean the host is different than the target. If you look at the configured build system, they've got a separate host target build that's separate again. But I'm not going to use that amount in other detail. That's sort of where you have you're building a compiler on one architecture that runs on a different architecture that cross-compiles for a different architecture. That's the thing. So why might you want to go through the pain of cross-compilation if it's all the big nightmare? Well, the whole reason for it is that there's one scenario where it's even more of a nightmare compiling natively. And then there's another scenario where it's your only option. So for example, a device on the top that I've got here is a picture of a Raspberry Pi. You can run GCC. You can run a plan of a Raspberry Pi. If you want to try compiling, say an LLVM and plan on a Raspberry Pi, you're in for a whole load of cash and it will take an awful long time to run the test, to run the test and it will take several hours. So if you can cross-compile that on a very big, fast x86 server you can get your build times down you can iterate more quickly that type of thing. So the first reason you might want to do cross-compilation is just that it's so much faster on a big server than it is on a smaller middle device. So if you run one of these BGC microvix it's a Cortex M0 it's probably less than 64k on the actual board there's no way you're going to run a C compiler on that. So with some cross-compilation it's your only option there. And similarly, I've seen one of the I'd say you can't run a compiler on a Gp yet. I'm sure you won't. Okay, so what I've got here is a diagram of some of the things that you might want to be concerned about with your cross-compiling. As well as actually doing the compilation itself you've also got libraries. This can be a simple embedded system this is probably just static libraries that have been pre-compiled or something a bit more complicated like a embedded Linux application you might have shared libraries. Shared libraries are especially interesting it's very difficult to mix up static libraries in a hosted target but it's a lot easier to mix up shared libraries on the host platform and the target platform you've got to make sure that you get those right. In particular there's an option called R-Cath that you can give a link to which basically says this is where you find your shared libraries and when you're cross-compiling you want the target to find your shared libraries to be valid on your target platform not on your host platform otherwise all sorts of things will go wrong at that point. Looks like in a few moments I've got my slides on a a on a little disc so hopefully it's what will go across from there. So may come back to that later. Thank you very much. So what we've got is this slide. As I mentioned before building an application is not just the compiler you've also got to have a link you might also have to have other tools as well and in particular you've got to convince your build system on your host to actually cross-compile and that's actually quite often the most difficult step because a lot of these systems have got tests to say does your compiler do something sensible and that initial check that does your compiler do something sensible often tries to fight you with every possible step so getting past that step is often the beautiful screen. Okay, yeah, thank you. Awesome. Awesome. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you very much. One of the things I sort of thought initially in this campaign I said let's just say what the recent cross-compilation options were and how to sort of put it through from there but it's not really that much different in GCC in that regard so what I've sort of tried to concentrate on is what makes a client different from GCC and what some of the things you might need to do to try to generate some of the libraries that GCC might use. The interesting part about the client is that it has all of the targets compiled in by default so if the kind of comes with your distribution you can say target x86, target arm, target mix and it will produce an output for that and that's probably less useful for the general developer if you've only got small number of types. It's actually brilliant for a compiler development because one of the first things you want to do is say what do this look like for this project? It's not for this one. But that also has a down side in that when you have a compiler that you compile a build time, ground time that you want to play then with the actual options tasks in your options are quite relative I think that's around that whereas in a client where it's sort of saying well I can also compile this architecture this architecture I can try and update windows but I'm not really yet with the client there's a lot more configuration options okay I'm sorry so the people online got nowhere to have our pictures oh well it's a comedy right maybe I'll find some of the sheets through people so first thing we have to do with planning is tell a compiler what to compile for so when you type client on the client line normally you're getting what's called default target triple whereas when you're doing cost compilation you have to explicitly give a triple and give all that to the client so I'll explain if it won't have a target triple on the next slide now one of the things about being a developer you've got quite a bit of I think that's just a poor and sweet problem unlike say a DGCC toolchain that you might have cost compilation toolchain that you might not know there's no such equivalent to LODM as far as I know there may be some companies that are attempting to motion all the libraries and everything up but so far you can't just build with the LODM project and get a C library which is the most important missing component you can get quite a lot of the tools say just downloading the LODM source sort of by re-release but you can't get to everything so some of the library dependencies aren't there so for example so here's my sort of brief spreadsheet about what things are included with LODM what's the equivalence that sort of thing Mark, if it's in orange yes these tools exist they may not be as good as the equivalence, they're more sort of developed tools if you have a toolchain based on LODM you may not get those tools that's like the equivalent of almost done result which is what you would use to disassemble your library there's another way to disassemble it won't disassemble the same way it's going to be much done those tend to be aimed at developers and not for users the most important missing part is the C library so you have to replace that or find something to get used to your target the stuff that is in the box obviously clans the assembler is not separating clans each target has its own I don't know whether all in three targets have it built for the majority LODM is natively across liquor it doesn't support all of the targets that are if you are supported you're in the club it should work for you live on wine it's a kind of winding library that's currently used in the world Lipsy got a BBI Lipsy got a BBI Lipsy got a BBI Lipsy got a BBI typically as a sort of end consumer you kind of attend those Lipsy Lipsy got a BBI they kind of they kind of the implementations of new and delete and the sort of mechanics of doing a function on wine they're not the standard library whereas Lipsy Lipsy Lipsy Lipsy Lipsy Lipsy there's probably lots of detail below the ice okay one of the first things you have to do when you're using parameters across a code is you have choice choice can be a good thing or a bad thing if you don't care, best stick to defaults so typically what will happen is on the Linux targeting system you'll end up with defaulting to the GCC component so even if you have to go to compiler RT by default the client will look for Lipsy Lipsy that actually makes quite a lot of sense if you're targeting a Linux system and the Lipsy Lipsy will already be open in various other minutes will already be on your system so unless there's a particular reason you want the LLVM versions it's best to stick with the platform default but you can obviously make those certain choices there so like I won't bother reading up the whole slide on there but certainly this C library choice can affect the target I promise I'll get on to the target triple this is perhaps the most important user option that you might face when you put it past confirmation so I say triple there's obviously way more than three the actual you can count on there it's really kind of broad on top of all of the triple I've believed it's called a triple based on the original configure triple it's kind of grown out from there so the most important one I think is definitely arch so that would be something like arm lips that type of thing sub arch is kind of I'd say it's mostly an arm thing I think there's one other architecture that has a sub arch but this is where you do things like rv7n or cortex n0 rv7a cortex n0 so typically you don't have sub arch one of the things I've got if you miss any of these out you'll get a default option which may or may not be what you want vendors typically not used it's often actually where a lot of proprietary vendors that say build a new toolchain out of a lbm will use that to select your driver so say for example you've got a consultancy company hex or whatever and they would use that to put any particular driver of those things OS is your target operating system where non-technically means they're not off obviously things there would be things like say you might want to target free bsd net bsd or whatever or on x that's the final environment and will also determine the avi and the object path format that you choose so for example on a macro which typically the object path format is macro you can generate an L file by putting in the right triple that type of thing but of course you've got to be careful to choose the one the right one for your target one of the things that that thing does is choose what toolchain in place so think down a little bit the information details I think if you try and do any bits across a population you're stuck trying to work out what it does the fastest way to resolve what it's doing is to go look into the toolchain class and look at what it's doing it's sort of oh this must be documented somewhere and then no I couldn't find it well surely I can just document it and then I looked at it and went I don't know whether anyone could document this it's kind of a there's lots and lots of different things for example there might be things like oh I need to find this particular library oh let's try this particular directory because this is what it's like I'm going to use it put it in this directory here and it's just this big tree of things that might be developed by yourself but Jenny what happens when you call cloud what it will do is it will parse these options select what kind of driver it wants to go for and then it will invoke you know the various programs as sub-processed so for example cc1 is the actual seat and pilot ccc1as is the integrated consumption and lvusc is the in-concept program so if we say the architecture is there for target AR that will select the Linux tool change and then you try and do things in the Linux way so for example you've got things like dash i system where it finds your input parts there so that select the target so that's kind of where the list of the target trip is for these various things here and you can get at these options here with the yen sort of thing the dash being dash I've got it written down I don't know whether it's got a name it's the dash and then three what British people call hash symbols I think Americans call pattern symbols so someone a hand of mine now back at work actually called it the toilet brush operator yeah something like that I find that the easiest way to remember what it is so just a few of the things that I've mentioned there I've got to go through that again driver mode just kind of just tells you how the client will try add extra input files changes personality most of all on there if you wouldn't go to use a client CL if you do that it will try and emulate the command line options of Microsoft if you go to switch to outputting in wake at work Microsoft is the only consumer that's not of interest to you so the most important thing for us here is to use kind of plus plus if you're compiling C plus plus otherwise kind of mess out some of the header files and then you'll get things like you cannot find the mainstream type of things if you get that and you think it should just work you should try and use a client rather than a plus plus and manually say dash dash drive so one of the things that you might find is that as I said so what I wanted to do here is just go through some of the steps that you might want to go through for building a simple application targeting an AR64 so what I chose to do was to use compiler RT which is the runtime where it reads also where the sanitiser is implemented I'm going to use undefined behaviour sanitiser mostly because the memory sanitiser and the address sanitiser don't work with the incredibly user-mode emulator because they muck with age tables in very nasty ways the incredibly user-mode emulator is not really set up to do that kind of thing so I'm using the credit you've dashed out for all user-mode emulators just a simple way of testing it typically you're deployed to a device that's actually good so that on my shopping list is the tools that I'm going to need to do to make this a little bit so how do you actually get these components so if you don't want to you'll get the thing that you can scratch then the simplest way to do this is to go and download one of the LRBM releases if you're going to do this at the end where the sanitiser is you don't have to be careful because if you download the X86 release you'll get X86 binaries of Clang that can cross-compact with the AR64 but the sanitiser libraries will be X86 sanitiser libraries so you won't be able to run those on any AR64 copy if you download the AR64 release you'll have an AR64 Clang that you won't be able to run on any AR64 copy so you'll have to sort of combine the bits from 2 if you want to make a sort of full cross-compact version we'll also have to find C-Library and let it vary to have no seeds it's just two special ways to do it if you're on the next distribution support multi-arch then that's usually a very safe way to go I used the LRBM release which is kind of like a directory that has assist rooms with all of the libraries that you generally need plus the new hills I used that mostly to sort of just show the differences one of the if you're sort of in a production environment multi-arch might not be a stable way to get repeatable builds on different people's machines there's some people that download everything into one directory so they can be sure that they don't have problems so I won't go into all of that that's mostly saying here's where to download the NARO toolchain and how to install it what it is and that type of thing different GCC toolchains might have a slightly different layout than the NARO toolchains the things that I've written here you may need to experiment around with it so one of the things that I mentioned before about is the runtime libraries so typically in a compiler you've got various different locations of different queries so Clang has something called resorcerer and that's where people look for what you would call compiler specific libraries and I think I'm not an expert on this particular distinction but my understanding is it's kind of libraries that are include files that depend heavily on the implementation of the compiler of going this particular directory as opposed to saying a standard sort of issue directly and so I think you could print it out directly out but I don't think people change it to the command line options but if I remember you can pass in a develop a level command line option to do it but I wouldn't recommend that to someone so I could just mention there if you're going to bug in the compiler of these they need to be in this big long direction so here's the application I've got it out so basically all I've done is I've taken UBSign example application and I've just had an experience exception just to show that I control an exception it doesn't do anything useful but what we want is the UBSign sign the signature open code the exception is there mostly because if you don't get to there then we know that the exception handling has gone very well so there so here's what I did assuming everything was all put together okay I know it's going to be very difficult to read at the back it's probably something that's the best looked at offline but I just want to highlight some of the options that I've used so obviously let's sanitize let's sanitize it so we can find the ones that I found the hardest to get were the sysroute option and the gcc toolchain option now if the sysroute is all you need then what the sysroute option is is to say find your included files relative to this and libraries relative to this direction so I point this in my pre-downloaded in our own toolchain direction so why do I need gcc toolchain again and what this dash dash gcc toolchain is doing is kind of saying I want you to start in search for a valid gcc from this location because time has sort of various characteristics of trying to find the tools one of the things it can do is it can say I can't find a I can't find various things the sysroute that I'm looking for in this particular location I know I'll try and slash us up and sometimes it finds a program called LD and you can find the host linker then spits your ar64 by the regal so really what that gcc toolchain there it's sometimes necessary, sometimes not I tend to use it just to be absolutely sure it's going to pick up the gcc toolchain a quick comment important about that is that you should really use both gcc toolchain and sysroute because gcc has built time configuration and the sysroute can be in slightly different ways depending if it's there, be it in a bundle centres or anything like that so you should use both so yeah I just said that the bottom layer that's just using quenU and yes in principle the uv side can work on quenU using the user mode emulator so for those of you not familiar with the user mode emulator what it's doing is it's intersecting the system calls from the target and then emulating them from the host so that's why it can't handle msang then ksang so this next few slides will go through pretty quickly this is basically what would you do if I wanted to compile libc++ libc++ avi myself I think it's getting better and it's a moving target which is often why I think there's a lot less documentation about this than that actually it's a bit of a you kind of have to make sure that you know exactly what you want to build you need to know exactly what dependencies that you want, if you just say for example build libc++ you'll probably find it gets built against the new libgcc for example you'll actually have to go into this intelligent and you want it to build against the compiler and that's the same sort of thing you'll notice that there are various dependencies between the components so what I found the easiest way to do was to build all of these components standalone, and by standalone I don't mean to check out them all in one great big directory as Steve said, I'll be able to build instructions for them to return them for a minute but what I do is I build each component individually appointing the Cmake to the specific Cmake file rather than the sort of top level one that's separate to what we've worked out for so just some hints and tips that I sort of found out along the way so one of the interesting bits that I really wish I'd known about earlier is that the most client-file is called Client, and if I rename that to AR64-Linux-Commune-Client Client would automatically infer the target of AR64-Linux-Commune and I wouldn't have to put dash-dash-targeting more in the place so that's just a simple name of the file convention that you might find useful Simulink You can do any number of Simulinks and it will work That's so good to know There's a very recent I don't know whether this may be a listen to LRBM-M6 it will certainly be an LRBM-7 but they've just introduced something called the Confitfile where you can sort of say collect all of these cross-compilation options up into a Confitfile and it will just get automatically selected and there's a similar file naming convention where you can kind of name your Confitfile as a prefix but the exact deployment will automatically pick it up so you don't have to say or work the target Client-Dash-D is great for trying to debug what it's sending to the linux cap so if your step is failing used to dash-D option and you can see exactly what that's essentially for I've mentioned this is a toolchain and this is through yeah, as I mentioned earlier when using shared libraries you make sure the hosting target ones all fly up for CVEC cross-compilation I've found the most difficult targeting a linux platform that I could use quite a bit that had a link support that worked quite well so for example if you've got the cross-compilation linking the AR64 linux and AR64 linux that's actually pretty simple trying to do that when you've got to give the link a huge amount of extra flags so in the recent option there to CVEC CVEC Tri-Pile target you can stuff it globally and it won't do the link step which is really, really useful if you're just building a static library and you've never touched a link that's one way of basically getting past that and it's really, really interesting if you want to find out what various different system options are actually doing so conclusions can work well as a cross-compiler because of the number of different options that it's got you have to tell it to more than you would do to another CVEC there are defaults there I would say have the least resistance is to use the ones that are native to your system so if you're targeting linux it'll make you a lot easier if you can target the new versions of that point the bare metal driver I've got some back up slides of my experience trying to build some bare metal stuff but that was a whole new story that was worth the presentation so I haven't gone through that but of course there's something about that but that's all I have to say from there we've got the very small amount of questions they're two minutes I've got one question and one remark the question is you set up at the start to use a mostly or exclusively LLVM based toolchain with LLV and client so why does it still need the GNU toolchain so it uses in that particular example I didn't use any of the GNU tools but I used some of the GNU libraries so for example I used the GNU C library to the point and at the moment there isn't any plans to have a replacement for that point but if you're on a different architecture you might not have a linker in the LLVM program so you might have to use the GNU tools sometimes you set that anybody else? we've got one time when you cross combine the GNU for the latest LLVM version is there progress in compiling for example double double that's all we have for LLVM that's what you call this I'm sorry I haven't gone that early is anybody just without any recent developments in cost-efficient compiling much so I think would probably best wrap up for the next


He said, Special brothers and sisters, we begin by praising Allah, Azza wa Jal as he is most worthy and600 deserving of all praise. We ask Allah and we ask Allah alone to guide us, to prevent us from being misguided and from misguiding others. We ask Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala to forgive us of our sins, those that we commit knowingly, those that we commit unknowingly. We ask Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala to overlook our mistakes, our errors, our blemishes. We ask Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala to keep us safe, to protect us, to keep us in good health and keep our families and our communities healthy and safe. We ask Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala to bless his noble Prophet Muhammad ibn Abdullah, Sallallahu alayhi wa alayhi wa sahbihi wasallam, to bless his noble companions and the righteous everywhere, Ameen. The Prophet Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam reminds us in a hadith that is reported by both Bukhari and Muslim in which the Prophet Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam tells us, To take advantage of five things before you lose those five things, five before five literally. The Prophet Sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam says to take advantage of these five things before you lose them.  To take advantage of your spare time, the disposable time that you have before you become occupied and busy.  Now what's interesting brothers and sisters about these five things is that at least five, at least three of them are directly related to time. That as time passes, you automatically lose these things. Or you run the risk or the likelihood that these things will disappear or be removed from your life. Time is what connects us to taking advantage of these five things before they leave us. Now in the Arabic language on a related note, there are several words that are employed for the concept of time. Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala and in our tradition we find that the Quran speaks of dhar. We also find the usage of the word Zaman, Waqt, Asr, Sa. These are some of the words that are used to describe time. And in the Arabic language we know that when there is an abundance of words to describe something or a concept, it underscores the importance or the import of that idea or that concept. Imam al-Ghazali, he said that time is like a double-edged sword. That either you cut with it or it cuts you. So time is how we measure success and failure. Time is how we measure the passage of our lives, the seasons, how we grow old. We are inextricably connected to time. In fact in the Quran there is a chapter that is named dhar, the first word that I mentioned that is used in the Arabic language for time. And the other name of that surah or another name for that surah, that same surah is Surat al-Insan. Even showing this inextricable link and connection between time and human beings, time and humanity. And so the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam is telling us to take advantage of these five things before we lose them, often times because time passes us by. The first of those is to take advantage of our youth before we become old. George Bernard Shaw said it best when he said that youth is lost on the young.  We have abilities that we won't have later in life. We have capabilities. We have passion and zeal. You also have time on your hands when you are young. And unfortunately those things are lost on the youth in that when you are young you overlook those things. You don't take advantage of the time that you have been blessed with with young age. Because the skill, the aptitude that you have, the abilities that you have to acquire new skills, to acquire new knowledge because your mind is sharp and ready to acquire new knowledge and information. The ability that you have to work, to be passionate and driven for righteous and good causes. That's the passion and the zeal of youth. And unfortunately it's lost on the young because we don't take advantage of that. So to take advantage, especially those of us who are still young and all of us are young to an extent or to a relative extent. But to take advantage of your youthfulness that time that you have before you become old.  We live in a time of a global pandemic and this couldn't be more timely. At those times that we have when we are healthy, when we have the ability to take care of ourselves, to devote ourselves to the worship of Allah. Because we know that health and our physical well-being is not just limited to our physical selves. When you are healthy, you have the ability to worship Allah because you've been given that physical strength and that ability. You can take advantage of voluntary fasting. You can take advantage of devoting your time and your energy to good causes, to offering, to being involved in the community, to being involved in your local massajah, to being involved because you have that health, that ability. Health is directly linked to abilities that we have that are not just limited to our physical selves and they have bearing on our spiritual life as well. Because if we are healthy, we can fast. We have the energy and the ability to worship Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala. Not to say that you don't have avenues and means when you are not healthy. But to take advantage of your health before you become sick. Hold our immune system, inoculate ourselves when you are healthy.  Ask anyone who has a debilitating disease. Ask anyone who suffers from heart disease, diabetes or is stricken with certain psychological or physiological diseases and they'll tell you to take advantage of that health that you've been blessed with because you never know, you never know when that health will be taken away from you. And then the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam says to take advantage of your wealth before you lose that wealth.  Market forces and market changes, we once think that we have a great amount of wealth accumulated, it evaporates, it disappears, you take a loss in the market and suddenly you lose that wealth.  And poverty is a test. When you don't have the financial means and the resources. And so the question then becomes what do you do with that wealth when you have it, right? That then becomes the test. That then becomes the tribulation. That are we spending it on righteous causes or are we stingy? Are we miserly with the wealth that we've been given? And so when you are blessed with wealth, you have certain abilities and capabilities that you don't have otherwise. There's just no getting around it. Certain opportunities that you have to serve Allah, to serve the community, to serve your society with your wealth, with your financial abilities. The Prophet ﷺ continues and he says to take advantage of your spare time before you become busy, right? And the reality is regardless of what your age is, you have some disposable or spare time on your hands. The question is what do you do with that spare time, right? Do you invest in ourselves? Do we invest in ourselves? When we have that spare time, when we have that disposable time, we can acquire knowledge, take advantage of the outdoors, improve ourselves, help in our well-being, right? Save ourselves from our ability to ward off and fight diseases, right? This is what spare time, this is the blessing of spare time.  So to take advantage of the spare time that you have before you become busy. And finally, and this is the summation of it all, right?   And again there's no guarantee of tomorrow for any of these things, whether it's health, whether it's wealth, whether it's free time, whether it's life. There is no guarantee for tomorrow, of tomorrow. And so to take advantage of today, of the right now is what is of essence. And so the Prophet ﷺ is reminding us and telling us to take advantage of these things before you lose them. You know especially as I've grown older, one of the things that I've appreciated in my life is that perhaps the most difficult thing that you can live with, live with is regret. Because you don't have that time machine, we haven't discovered the ability to go back in the past to speak to our younger selves, to change a decision that we made. And so regret is a very difficult thing to live with. If you're young, ask those who are older than you and they'll tell you that. That they regret decisions that they made or regret decisions or opportunities that they did not pursue. Or regret the fact that they didn't take advantage of their youth or their free time or when they were healthy before they became poor or before they became busy or before they lost that good health. And so regret is something very difficult to live with. And it's an unfortunate reality of the world and of this worldly existence is that the older you get, the more regrets you have in life. And so that balance sheet of what it is that we are proud of, the accomplishments that we achieved with the blessings that Allah has given us versus the regret that we have to live with. That's how you measure the success of your life. Is how you took advantage of those opportunities. How you took advantage of the blessings that Allah has given you. Life in every single day is a fadal of Allah. It is by Allah's fadal, pure and simple that we are here, that we are alive, that we are healthy, that we have some sense of financial security, because it is by the fadal of Allah. And so the question then again that we have to leave with and we have to constantly ask ourselves is what am I doing with the fadal that Allah has blessed me with? What am I doing to take advantage of those beautiful blessings? I pray that Allah SWT gives us the ability to invest in ourselves, to invest in the time that we have and to take advantage of it before we no longer have it. I say this word and I seek refuge with Allah from all of you and from the last of us. All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all the worlds. All praise is due to Allah, we praise Him, we ask His forgiveness and we seek refuge with Him. And I seek refuge with Allah from the evil of our souls and from the evil of our deeds that which Allah has blessed us with, and does not harm us and does not harm us. And I bear witness that there is no god but Allah alone and no partner. And I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and messenger. Yahu aladheena aman uttaka allaha haqqatu qatihi walata mutuna illa wa'antu muslimun. Ya ayyuhan nasu taqur rabbakum aladhi khalaqakum min nafsim wahida wa khalaqan minha zawjaha wa batha minhum ar-rijalin kathirin wa nisa'a. Wattaka allaha ladheeta sa'a aluna bihi wa l-arhaam. Inna allaha kana aleykum raqiba. Yahu aladheena aman uttaka allaha wa qaulu qaulan sadida yuslehlakum amalakum wa yaghfirzakum bunubakum. Wa man yuti allaha wa rasulahu faqat faza fawzan azeema ama ba'd. Allahumma salli ala Sayyidina Muhammad wa ala azee Sayyidina Muhammad wa barik wa sallam. Rabbana la tuwa akhidna inna siina awwakta'ana. Rabbana wa la tahmila aleyna isran kama hamatahu ala ladheena min qablina. Rabbana wa la tahmila ma la tahat alana bi wa'afu anna wa ghafir lana wa l-hamna. Anta maulana fansurna aalil qaumil khafirin. Ya muqalibu l-khulub, thabit kulubana aaladheenik. Allahumma nasalluqa ridaka wa l-jannah. Wa na'udu bikka min saqidaka wa l-naar. Subhana rabbika rabbil izzati yama yusikun. Wa salamun aalil mursaleen. Wa l-hamdu lillahi rabbil aalamin. Two quick announcements before we pray. I won't be leading the prayer because I performed the first Jum'an. So the brother here will be leading the prayers. Number two, please offer your sunnah prayers at home as opposed to here. Thank you so much. Insha'Allah.


Hey everybody, so look, it's July, July 2nd to be exact, at least at the time of recording. Maybe you're watching this a bit later in the month. I have no idea. But, you know, we had that Nintendo Direct mini-partner showcase back in June as you know by Chronicles Direct. Also a look at Pokemon, Scarlet and Violet and everything's looking pretty peachy keen, but there's still some things we don't know. I mean, I guess I forgot about that. Spark's a Hope showcase as well. So look, we actually had quite a bit of Nintendo news. Hey, did you hear Persona 5 is coming to Switch? Yeah, it comes out October 21st, pretty cool. But there's still so much we don't know. So much so that we have to begin to wonder, is the Nintendo Direct happening this month? Is there a new Switch being unveiled this month too? Look, the rumors, the leaks, whatever, they're gonna be abounding very, very soon because a lot of things are being hinted at. First, you have Nintendo investing a ton of money into raw materials. There are no comment on new hardware coming this year at a prior investor meeting at the end of last fiscal year. You also have obviously Nate, the hate inferring that developers have units and not being willing to confirm or deny whether Nintendo is going to announce hardware this month. Plus, we have to look at the last two times they have announced hardware. They announced the Switch OLED on July 6th last year. Back in 2019, they announced the Switch Lite on July 10th. So that does leave us sitting here at the beginning of July going, hmm, if there's new hardware in development, there's stockpiling materials, dev units exist at other developers. And by the way, Nate Drake's out here telling us that Genshin Impact has actually been moved over to a Switch that has 4K capabilities with DLSS, deep learning, super sampling that technology provided by NVIDIA. Well, just maybe we're about to get new hardware revealed. Now, I don't know if we are, but a lot of signs are pointing to it. But that's not the only thing that signs are pointing to. You see, Jeff Grubb out there has stated emphatically that Metroid Prime remake is planned for this holiday. It would actually make quite a pairing with Mario Plus Rabbids, Sparks of Hope, and with Pokemon Scarlet and Violet. So if that is planned, and we need to get a deeper look at Splatoon 3 still, we need to know the exact release date for Bayonetta 3 as well for this year, maybe another look at Breath of the Wild for next year, Breath of the Wild 2, and who knows, maybe the Metroid Prime remake needs to be seen, maybe a look at Metroid Prime 4 for 2023 if that's possible, or some other 2023 announcements because right now, we have a single game from Nintendo announced for next year, and that game was supposed to come this year and was technically announced back in 2019. So we're waiting to see what else is gonna be coming. And we didn't get a general direct last month, even though we did get a general direct back in, well, February. Now look, doesn't mean we're getting a general direct this month, doesn't mean we're going to get anything this month. After all, Age of Calamity was announced late in the year, so was Super Mario 3D All-Stars back in 2020, all of this stuff was announced later in the year than June, and so Nintendo could be doing the same thing, wait till September, throw out a general direct, drop those announcements like that, release it in a couple months and call it a day, they could do that. Or they could actually not let Metroid momentum die and reveal something soon. You see, Nintendo doesn't have anything really happening till the end of this month. I don't think they're gonna release a direct, like literally the week that it's gonna have live alive and then Zero Bay Chronicles 3. I feel like they already, within seven days, two major games coming out, Nintendo wouldn't do a direct then. If they did a direct, it would be in the first half of the month or within the first couple of weeks, just my opinion, and if they're gonna unveil hardware, well, we know it was the sixth and the 10th. Those were like a Tuesday and a Wednesday, so those seem to be the days that you could look for Nintendo plus their last direct, their partner showcase was on a Tuesday, so Tuesday, Wednesday, and when they revealed that hardware, all they did was just drop it. There was no like, hey, tune in tomorrow for the revealing of something special from Nintendo. They didn't even advertise it, they just dropped it and then from then forward pushed it for two to three months until the systems came out. So I look at it like this, we are in no man's territory because we've never hit July and one, not had an idea of what's happening in August and two, Nintendo has so much that they need to discuss, that they haven't discussed yet. Beta, Netta 3 is still scheduled for 2022. There's that rumored Donkey Kong game. They're supposedly a Metroid Prime thing. They won't refuse to deny that new hardware is coming this year, asked directly about this earlier this year at the final yearly recap financial meeting for the year of 2021, heading to March of 2022. Nintendo was asked directly about new hardware this upcoming fiscal year and they said no comment. They're refusing to deny it. They're stockpiling resources. We have games on the horizon that need to be talked about that aren't being talked about right now. There are other ways Nintendo could go about all this. They could do Twitter drops. They've done that in the past. They could do just random Treehouse segments. I mean, we just got a Treehouse segment for Live Alive and I think what's interesting about that Treehouse segment is that's the game they chose a Treehouse segment for. There's gotta be a lot more of those Treehouse segments coming up then, right? They're doing it for Live Alive and they have to do it again for Xenoblade Chronicles 3. They'd have to do it for Sparks of Hope. They'd have to do it for Splatoon 3, maybe Bayonetta as well. Are you gonna start getting monthly? Yes, I mean that. Monthly, Nintendo Treehouse Live segments or Nintendo Treehouse pre-recorded segments for the rest of this year? And are they always gonna have these Treehouse segments coming after Nintendo has some order event? Maybe it's a hardware announcement event. Maybe it's a general direct. Maybe they put all of it into both. Do we really think with everything Nintendo has to talk about this year and even teasing to 2023? But they're really gonna wait till September? And is September safe to bet on if June wasn't? I don't know, Nintendo works in mysterious ways. I'm sorta making this video because I wanna get ahead of the curve before the rumors begin. For, I mean, the speculation's already started, right? We already got the speculation going here, but a lot of evidence out there seems to be pointing to this. And if you want further evidence of something strange happening, there's something strange in Nintendo's neighborhood. Who are you gonna call? Nintendo Prime, because I was watching some videos from Super Metal Dave 64's channel because I'm catching up a little bit on the whole Metroid Prime 4 stuff. If you want every minute detail on Metroid Prime 4, you really wanna go follow his channel because there have been some developments behind the scenes. What's interesting is their hiring process at Retro Studios has been, well, not really now. I guess over the last month or two, have been looking into not only game testers, which infers they actually have something that needs to be tested. So quality testers, game testers, they have a version of Metroid Prime 4 ready for testing, which is really, really exciting. That does actually indicate some real progress on the game. They're also hiring people that are working on sort of effects that are brand new as of 2021, like brand new, next gen style effects, applicable to like Unreal Engine 5, some of the most recent versions of Unity as well. And when they're looking into people that are working on that kind of stuff, it really lets you know that Nintendo might be pushing very, very hard on Metroid Prime 4, being that sort of game that's going to be on new hardware. Very, very interesting to think about. As we head into the idea that new hardware likely exists somewhere, and we obviously have Nate Drake out here inferring, Genshin Impact's now being worked on that new hardware. So the developers of that game must have dev units as well. I don't know, things are getting really, really interesting in the land of Nintendo. Let me know what you think about all the stuff in the comments below. Are you excited for the small update that are on Metroid Prime 4? Are you excited about the potential Nintendo Direct coming up? Are you excited about potential hardware stuff? Do you think it's a bunch of hogwash and we're not gonna get anything? I don't know, I'm just making this video now, preparing for when the actual information starts coming out there that, you know what, Nintendo isn't gonna be silent this month. So catch you guys in that next video.


A big part of the educational plan and a big part of what we've been attempting to do now for several years is to try to get a much tighter linkage between community and schools. In traditional terms, often schools were thought to be separate from community. They were buildings that were locked up around four o'clock in the afternoon and not utilized very often by community. We want to move away from that. We want to see parents much more comfortable about participating in their children's education. We're seeing that in strong start where parents attend with kids and I think it will have quite a dramatic impact on the culture of schools. Make parents, particularly in the primary years, from much more comfortable about coming in, helping kids with reading those kinds of things. Through neighborhood learning centers, through specific ways which we try to get municipalities and other local governments to become a part of the school, whether it's in a library, an activity room, daycare, all of those are ways in which the community can become part of the school and the school much more fully a part of the community.