Our speaker is Dr. Tian Zhang, who is a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. He received his PhD in urban engineering from the University of Tokyo, Japan. His research focuses on the consumption-based greenhouse gas accounting and policy-oriented modeling of other environmental pressures on urban systems. Thank you for the human time to be here. So today, my talk is about the kind of self-economy experience in Japan and basically I just want to give an introduction and step here for the professor. So I started in the University of Tokyo Department of Urban Engineering. In our department, we went to the division twice for the urban and urban design. We also have the urban environmental engineer. I used to study and work in the urban management lab for six years in total. So my supervisor is a huge lawyer, and he's kind of a leader in the urban management survey and the Turbulence survey in Asia, I think Africa. So this is just kind of the interesting combination. I think I found that way more than the transversion of the Twitter and found the Consulate General of Japan, Shanghai. So the key point is that in Japan, the different contractors have different ways to slot in and collecting the waste. This is the case for the Tokyo and Kyoto, but actually if you look at the district, they have also their own rules. But generally, they try to sort the waste into the classical waste and the waste could be recycled. And now there are also similar discussions with China, like Shanghai, just to promote its provision to sort the waste in four categories with the aging of things like it. So I just want to emphasize that. Explore totally that this kind of seminar basically is to discuss about the urban metabolism of folks on the city level. But based on my promoting experience, I think that the role of the central government is very important to promote this kind of agenda. So I just want to use these kinds of opportunity to give you some information about Japan. This is the policy pattern around Japan. So in 2000, Japan, as opposed to based on this law, about the estimation of some material cycle society. So this term, material cycle society, you could just look at as the Japanese version of the circular economy, because even you search the circular economy practice in Japan, and you cannot have any case studies. And so, since 2003, Japan has introduced the material flow and has based it in papers and in prefermental plans to monitor the progress of the whole society and promote the kind of waste management and resource recycling and promote it together to recycle society. So in this talk, I just want to just briefly discuss how did Japan come through with the challenge of waste management. Because this law and this practice originated from the kinds of management, waste management, but later it's extended to other policy issues. So I just want to show this kind of historical change, let me think about what's the challenge of the waste management and what's the new challenge of this. And so this is the timeline. So in 2000, they just launched this law. And after that, the Japanese government will produce this kind of the fundamental plan. Every five years. So I think this expanded the very important opinions to have Japan to realize the development of some material side of society. And not just to allow to be spending five years on that plan. Actually, they will monitor the progress and report to the Congress. And so then I just think of the highlights from their document. So you could find that their significant change of this kind of high-level priority during the scale of fundamental plans. So in 2003, this deal emphasized the challenge of the waste management, although the Japan were at its time to fight over this management in the late 1970s. And then they also emphasized that the EPRs extended the producer responsibility at that time. So in 2008, they emphasized the waste management issue and also the low-carbon perspective. So just out of the Kyoto Department, so they found that they were going to set some target in the waste management segment to reduce the carbon emission. So at that time, the low-carbon issue is the carbon. In 2013, Japan accessed the resource security. So if you think about the greater element of resource, the tax just had this kind of variation during that time. So Japan emphasized that we need to consider the waste management to reduce the security of the society. That basically means the carbon modeling issue. And they also highlighted the two-hour promotion. So that means reduce and reduce. I will introduce everybody. And the most recent fundamental plan, so just last year, they emphasized the mortality and disaster response. And also a lot of the kind of national programs to the national SDGs programs. So at first, I'm not a Japanese. So this kind of interpretation is just from my personal opinion, but I think it's still helpful to provide this kind of the appreciation from foreign members. We also have the national SDGs. So based on the basic act, the important issue is to decide that we have these kind of recommended measures in this kind of order. So we first promote the reduced measures, and then we use the better recycle, and then into recovery. And the last one is the safe, final disposal. Yes, I've read some papers from other researchers of other domains. They usually criticize that the circuit handling or the closing loop implementation just focus on the recycling process. But I just want to say, at least in Japan in 2000, they already emphasized that we use this more important than recycle in the case recovery. And another highlight that they designed and indicated to monitor the circuit handling in three dimensions. So from the inflows, the time to the cycling flows, and also outflows. So they provide different perspectives to like the look, the mark, the chip, and of the closest something. And third wise, they emphasize the importance more in the service and the challenge about the construction ways and industry ways. It's not just a domestic household-based issue. And last one, the key point is that they also emphasize the success. So basically, we present this kind of phenomenon that we need to clearly define the role of the government, consumers, the NGO, practitioners, local communities, and also make it a good partnership. So after five years, so the second phenomenon, then the change happened. First, they separated and conceived the construction materials. And the last thing is also the useful suggestion for China is we also had a lot after the change from the construction ways. And they also set the grandest estimation of the construction target, people with the national sector. They also emphasize that to launch the company to national comparison basically based on the indicator. This is also an interesting finding. After the seriously, regularly did the kind of survey to mark the consumers' behaviors challenge, we already acknowledged that the reduced, reduced, the factor is very important to shift the certain company, but they're also strongly linked to consumers' behavior. And we cannot force the consumers to do this or that. But we all know that a lot of consumers actually, they have some kind of environmental awareness. They know that it's good or it's bad. But if they really do like that way, there's always a change. So they use the survey tool to mark the kind of progress of the consumers' behavior challenge This is really kind of feedback to, like the efforts, which could be done by NGO and HEO, or also others, the partners, to promote the kind of transitions of the consumers' behavior. They also set the waste of the agricultural target. They also emphasize the business model. So then at the time, I'm just going to shift to the third family. So from the very beginning in 2000, they had just kind of the general law about the son and the son-in-law. Society, but after that, they still improved this kind of regulations on specific waste, like the U.S. political pack materials and food waste. And later, as the kind of tool of strategy, they promote the kind of efforts which use the food waste and also promote a lot of kinds of products and foods. And they also emphasize that that environmental education is very important to what should be done. So this is also the kind of, I think, important feature. This is after five years, and it's not just asking people to have an industry. You can see for the next generation, they also consider the kind of consumer behavior in the long term. So application is also very important. And they placed the first point in 2011 to disaster waste, a kind of economic challenge we need to have. So they emphasize that to increase the treatment capacity of the disaster waste. So this is also a new challenge in your head. So the recent one, fourth fundamental plan, the interesting information style, they emphasize the linkage between the waste management and the social transition, especially to promote this kind of regional service law and communication. And they also emphasize the lifetime resources accumulation, especially to come up with the targets of the SDG, not the first, because they have several of the kind of targets from the consumption phase. They also passed a new law about the promotion of the consumer application halfway into the responsibility of the people of society. I think that they have that a lot of change to promote this. And they also try to review the comprehensive disaster waste treatment systems. So not just to treat the disaster waste but also to prevent it and to improve this kind of accredited handling of the violence. And at least they also emphasize the ICT and the change application of what this kind of smart strategy of knowledge can have the risk management and the resources and reviews. So in brief, I think that in this fundamental plan there are three types of indicators that have had the partner monitor the shipment. First is that they come in while the tour flow indicators. So they have the actually the consistent way in the EU. So this is not needed. But the things that they emphasize are to monitor the progress from the three aspects of the tour flow from the in-fills, cycle flows and outflows that I introduced before. The second one is that this is not enough. It's like the magic top out of the domestic tour consumption or the domestic tour in-fills that's just found generally at the national level. Actually like the companies or the consumers don't know that their behaviors or their actions how much they have above the country to achieve this general goal. So we need to monitor the improvement at the more detailed level. Like can we provide this kind of monitoring progress at the sectoral level or even at the company level. So that's going to be really helpful. This could promote the kind of the positive feedback. Likewise just to monitor the effort except to which sector it is it's just a kind of bad revelation about the kind of monitoring that we're doing. And it just forgets maybe the most obvious way. No doubt. That's right. This proof is out about the kind of the sort of change of the material input in Japan because they have a distinct feature of the boundaries in Japan in the EUs that Japan also exercises the performance in the in-fills. So that means they also monitor the direct material input for the material input in the momentary level. This is kind of the historical change but as we look at the different performance and different sectors that you find the response as well. This is just a kind of the proof briefly in South Korea the material flow of Japan and they rapidly published this kind of figures in the report of the Ministry of the Environment every five years. But unfortunately not the English version every time. This is the new target in the full fundamental plan and also includes some information of the historical change and the achievements. So from the inflow side they have some sort of productivity and they set their goals and for the scientific approach they provide to indicators why is the subject of use and also the society way as well and after the outflow perspective we emphasize that the violence also amount because they are very limited place in Japan to deal with this kind of landfilling. So they actually they have to very hard to reduce the waste amount. As the last slide I just want to introduce our critical thinking of the in-case resource efficiency. At the first speaker Mr. Wang mentioned that we need to pick up a different function and a different type of flows actually we share the similar thinking. So we have now an action agreement about monitoring of the source efficiency data that we talked about the direct source of use and also the monitoring output as a time is very clear. So obviously we have a lot of agreement on these things including the direct use actually we need to think about like the momentum of the impact of the resource used where to extend these indicators. We also need to think about the different performance and different functions on a different stage to improve in these systems. So yeah this time the work we are going to do is going to extend it. A lot of my understanding of the action agreement. So I am now working at the University of Victoria so we hope to really enlarge a new industrial ecology master program in Japan in 2020. I hope any of your friends or students have been they have been shared this kind of convention. This is just the first time that we have understood the momentum of our campus and it's a lovely place.


Hi everyone Shaw with Jaspies case breaks calm here doing 2016 Panini absolute and gala football 14 box mixer random team edition late night, so just filled our last filler 2016 gala football 14 box mixer 32 spots everyone gets a random team at NFL are all cards ship Includes eight boxes of 2016 gala and six boxes of 2016 absolute chasing rookies and vets Some rookies include Wentz, Zeke, Dak, Michael Thomas, Derek Henry, Jared Goff, Joey Bosa, Tyree Kill and more So here is the list of customers Matthew Morrow down to Jonathan Arnaldi in spots he won in mosaic 147 No matter how you got into this whether you bought a spot straight up or one spots Thank you very much and good luck on the break and here is the list of teams from the Cardinals down to the Washington football team Dias World randomized both lists and pair them up Two out of five seven times. Good luck Seventh and final time From Rolando Lewis down to Jonathan Arnaldi seven times in the randomizer seven times in the dice and Seven times on the teams Seventh and final time from the Raiders down to the Titans seven times Seven times of the dice and here we go Rolando Lewis with the Raiders Nick Galvin with the Broncos Barry Roberts with the Patriots Jonathan Arnaldi with the Vikings Jonathan Arnaldi also with the Washington football team Kyle Vang with the Rams Jonathan Arnaldi with the Bangos Joshua Cherry with the Ravens Clay Franklin with the Buccaneers Jonathan Arnaldi with the Jaguars Derek Bratton with the Panthers Jonathan Arnaldi with the Colts Karen Steel with the Steelers Martin Klaus with the 49ers and the Dolphins Karen Steel with the Texans Jason Siebert with the Saints Brandon Hall with the Browns Chad Dahl with the Cardinals Martin Klaus with the Jets Adam Kaepern with the Bears Nicholas Buccello with the Lions Brett Pusatari with the Falcons Rolando Lewis with the Chiefs Matthew Morrow with the Bills Miguel Rose with the Packers Omar Zoe with the Cowboys Paul Hutchins with the Giants Charles Scrabble with the Chargers Brett Pusatari with the Seahawks Victor Zamora with the Eagles and Jonathan Arnaldi with the Titans There you go That is the list trade window is open Jonathan is asking if Adam wants to trade for the Bears Adam Kaepernan if you are listening I don't know if he's in the chat at all tonight Jonathan just a heads up But trade window is open. I'll leave it open for about a minute Packers interest Miguel is asking I'm gonna give it another 20 seconds on the trade window guys Jonathan Omar also has the Saints up for trade it looks like or no not up for trade. I don't know what that was Omar does not have the Saints Last chance Jonathan any interest in the Packers if not Trade window closed try to trade couldn't train mojo for the Packers and whatever team Jonathan was trying to trade boy once Going twice Going three times Trade window closed. Okay There you go. Cool. So let's do this You can see Six boxes of absolute here on the right all eight boxes of gala right there on the left We're gonna start with absolute and then go to gala Good luck everyone. I know Here's the finalists Omar Cowboys Steven it seems like they did pretty good Seem like the heat did pretty decent too though like He did really good So, I don't know maybe the heat where the winners Very nice. I mean, here's the thing Rockets were busy and that's great. The problem is What they did today just cast a shadow on what they didn't do with James Harden Do you know what I mean? So all the action that they had I think all of what they did just kind of Highlights How badly the James Harden situation went But oh, okay, okay Okay, thank you. Bye later Jonathan Have fun filming tomorrow We'll be on early tomorrow as well Jonathan Jason will be on at 11 a.m Tomorrow for release day. He'll go until about four and then Joe will be on late at four going till about midnight. I think oh, yeah, I forgot about that Yeah, Denver crushed it. Yeah, I'm glad the G League is definitely working out the way it is It's keeping people busy Active Ready to for a call-ups Yeah, Miami's looking pretty strong. Well, that's what I mean Nicholas is saying on top Talking about if he goes to Miami.  Where are they gonna end up going into the playoffs? So maybe find an easier road in the playoffs. I don't know Clippers look pretty good just picked up a Rehan Rondo Ray on Ray John Rondo, however, you want to say it for Lou Williams, right? Maybe they're looking pretty decent Well, they'll be back for playoffs, but like how far are they gonna fall down? Rob Gronkowski die-cut red zone for the Patriots Barry Roberts DeMarcus Robinson rookie Premier triple relic auto 13 out of 499 for the Chiefs Rolando Lewis Sharon peak six out of 25 rookie for the Jets Martin Klaus Joe name it the 499 for the Jets Martin Klaus Odell Beckham, Jr. Giants edition nice patches there looks like part of the glove six out of 25 for the Giants Paul Hutchins Andrew Billings rookie, Inc 40 out of 399 for the Bangles Jonathan Arnaldi Thing is they don't have the brawn right now Miles Jack rookie 490 out of 499. He was a steal out of UCLA Jacksonville Jaguars Jonathan Arnaldi David Johnson groundhogs relic 66 out of 199 for the Cardinals Chad Dahl And nice Maddie ice nine out of 15 Matt Ryan are not rookie auto iconic Inc for the Falcons And Brett Poussatteri Nice Brett That's first box Delaney Walker unsung heroes die cut For the Titans Jonathan Arnaldi We got a redemption most likely expired, but We'll see If you'd still get something for it 11 out of 25 one off the jersey number Jim Kelly for the Buffalo Bills Matthew Morrow It is pretty good. That is true Frank Fran Tarkenton 401 out of 499 for the Giants and Paul Hutchins Dual relic Randall Cobb Clay Matthews 48 out of 50 for the Packers Miguel Rose Keanu Neil rookie auto 221 out of 399 for the Falcons Brett Poussatteri Deron Lee rookie 222 out of 499 for the Jets Martin Klaus Cardell Jones Relic 68 out of 9 9 for the Bills Martin sorry Matthew Morrow and Jalen Smith rookie Inc 140 out of 250 for the Cowboys And Omar Zui rookie premier materials autographs card number 205 see oh R EY Corey Coleman who I believe is also 2016 Corey Coleman Is that browns? Let's look it up checklist This is 2016 absolute football Oh, here we go group break team checklist Titans are Browns. Let's check it out Corey Coleman Browns I was right. That's why that Corey Coleman card number 205 rookie premier materials auto spectrum and parallel So that is the Cleveland Browns and Brandon Hall there you go It is expired, but submit that I don't think you're really gonna care too much about having a Corey Coleman autograph right now rookie auto But maybe they can replace it with something that you do want Where's Corey Coleman at now if you remember he was on the He was on that season of hard knocks where he got traded I think to The Giants that year was at the Jets He was in that hard knocks episode We're struggling and they just I think they kind of gave up on them. They were like, yeah We're gonna get let you go box three Nate Sudfeld To 499 94 out of 499 for Washington and Jonathan Arnaldi Kenneth Dixon Relic 77 out of 99 for the Ravens Joshua Cherry and Will Fuller talking about New quarter this is he's now with Miami, right? Or is he in? New York, they got Kenny Galladay trying to figure where he just signed 32 out of 99 will Fuller Absolute Inc. Houston Texans edition Karen Steele work done to 499 for the Falcons Brett Pusatieri Will Fuller is a rookie this year He's in Miami. Okay, cool Dual relic Sammy Watkins LaShawn McCoy to 149 for the bills Matthew Morrow Keanu Neal rookie Inc. 306 out of 399 again for the Falcons Brett Pusatieri Carson Palmer red zone die cut for the Cardinals Chad da Got another redemption gonna be expired, but Aaron Rodgers 35 out of 100 for the Packers Miguel Rose So it's hard with the older product like this because you get the expiration obviously you get a redemption It's gonna be expired but So you're like kind of rooting. It's not a big name so that it's not you know somebody that you You're missing out on on the redemption, but you're also hoping it is kind of a big name So that way even if they don't fulfill that They can get you something nice in return. So Kind of a sticky wicket we're in you know rookie premiere materials autographs card 229 This one is D Hey, okay Yep, Dak Prescott the man who just signed the big old contract. That's Dallas Cowboys Omar there you go, man. So It's expired but See if they can redeem that for you get you a Dak Prescott rookie materials autograph Kevin Green to 499 for the Panthers Derek Bratton Russell Wilson dual relic 17 out of 70 for the Seahawks Brett Pusatieri Doug Baldwin auto 87 out of 89 For the Seahawks Brett Pusatieri Kenneth Dixon rookie round-up relic or die cut for the Ravens Joshua Cherry Leontae Karoo Rookie triple relic and auto 58 out of 499 for the Dolphins Martin Klaus Colby listen be to 25 for the bills Martin Morrow Devin Lucian to 499 for the Patriots Barry Roberts Wendell Smallwood jumbo relic to 99 for the Eagles Victor Zamora and Andy Dalton the red rocket himself Eight out of 14 auto Cincinnati Bengals Jonathan Arnaldi now Starting quarterback in Chicago That's cool. See what he can do next year. It's nice boxes so far Matt Ryan auto Andy Dalton auto Dak Prescott redemption Doug Baldwin auto There he is. He said he was going to sleep. He lied.  See Now that's your your quarterback one for the Bears Adrian Peterson extreme team die cut for the Vikings Jonathan Arnaldi We got another redemption Earl Campbell to 100 for the that goes to the Titans and Jonathan Arnaldi Fred Taylor to 499 for the Jaguars and Jonathan Arnaldi Devin Funches and Kevin Kelvin Benjamin to 149 dual relic for the Panthers Derek Bratton Justin for Zett 11 out of 29 auto for the Ravens Joshua Cherry Jake Rudolph to 499 for the Lions Nicholas Buccello Devin Funches 67 out of 99 for the Panthers Derek Bratton and Steve Largent nice All-time autos 58 out of 80 nice one for the Seahawks Brett Poussoteri nice Notable notable cause there Jonathan notable cause Well, that's always fun rookie premiere materials autographs card to 29 Well, there you go. We already know who this is Dak Prescott again Dallas Cowboys Omar So now you got two of them Omar Steven not only is it on it's incredible Love that show. It's one of my favorites. I'm a big fan of the Sargent. Hey See what they could get you for it Marshall Falk to 499 for the Rams Kyle Vang Peyton Manning and Marvin Harrison 85 out of 99 Hall of Famers Colts Jonathan Arnaldi Carl Banks Super Bowl 21 autographs for the New York Giants Paul Hutchins Darren Sprouls die cut for the Eagles Victor Zamora Kenyan Drake nice one. I forgot. He's a rookie in this too triple relic auto rookie premiere Dolphins Martin Klaus Deandre Hopkins 16 out of 25 for the Texans Karen Steele Jeff Driscoll to 499 for the 49ers Martin Klaus Keenan Reynolds to 99 for the Ravens Joshua Cherry and Matt Forte 17 out of 50 Bears legend for the Jets in this case Martin Klaus Cool. That was absolute now Gala, that's what I'm saying. I Submit them both and just be like wait for them to say whether they have it or not if they can redeem it you got two rookie two nice rookie patch autos Dak Prescott Who just signed a big old contract, so that's cool if they can't Then Then at least you can Like see if they can combine them and redeem like submit one thing some one nicer thing for you Yes, that probably won't work so well, but I mean You definitely won't get a kobe auto in replacement unless you ask You know You won't get one anyways, but you definitely won't get one if you don't ask I would like your nicest uh, kobe Bryant autograph On card I won't settle for anything less Thank you advance for your cooperation Send that email. Let me know how it works for you cc bcc me on it Yeah They uh, they they would pretty much send you an email that said something about Oh, hello omer. Uh, thank you for your correspondence. I think I think we have a failure to uh To understand each other and how this process is gonna work That's how nicely they would be about it. And then if they were humorous They would say something like Does marcellus wallace look like a to you, you know nice pulp fiction Reference Good luck everybody There is all the gala in his glory starting off with Eddie lacy 14 out of 49 That's kind of fatty lacy right there. I think Packers miguel rose Ozzie nuesome hall of fame auto five out of five For the browns brandon hall, that's nice Little hall of fame 99 inscription on there too Silver screen rookie auto william jackson the third 75 out of 99 for the bangles jonathan ronaldi Kenneth dixon 93 out of 99 rookie auto for the ravens joshua cherry Dak Prescott coming attractions jumbo relic rookie 32 out of 49 cowboys There go dem cowboys Uh omar drew breeze 31 out of 49 for the saints Jason sebert David cob cinematic signatures three out of 25 for the titans jonathan ronaldi uh starring role signatures the one and only derrick car 21 out of 25 for the raiders rilando louis Really nice car there Congrats rilando ferro cooper rookie auto 55 out of 99 for the rams and kyle vang and joe montana relic 6 out of 10 vintage materials canada city chiefs rilando louis bow jackson 15 out of 49 for the raiders rilando louis Giovanni bernard 2 out of 10 auto for the bangles jonathan ronaldi Carl joseph rookie auto 25 out of 99 for the raiders Rilando louis We've got a nice one coming up next. It's my guy joey mosa 69 out of 99 rookie auto for the chargers charles scrabble There you go charles nice rookie auto of the big bear himself and double feature tony romo des brian 40 out of 49 for the cowboys omar elie manning 15 out of 49 for the giants paul hutchins thymont gummary 65 out of 99 for the packers miguel rose miguel tried to trade this team too Good old thymont gummary I love the the image in there too Let's see He shined light through it jeff driscoll 32 out of 99 for the 49ers martin claus my pillows Isn't that guy the crazy one and ty hilton dante moncreef 23 out of 49 double features for the colts jonathan ronaldi i have a really nice uh It's like a bamboo one. I like it a lot cinematic signatures redemption card number 33 b Doesn't say it's a rookie. Let's find out d e z Des bryant is that another Cowboys redemption Let's see Let's go to the tape 2016 gala football Des bryant is cowboys It is omar again Cinematic signatures plus parallels card 33 des bryant and the cowboys card 33 Just stack them up Just stack them up Hi panini. I would like your nicest coby bryant auto Please see enclosed these redemptions Lamar miller 31 out of 49 for the houston texans Karen steel another redemption Carl joseph 23 out of 99 For the raiders again Rolando lewis easily easily halfway another one bosa 85 out of 99 this time rookie auto chargers charles scrabble Charles since I got you two of them you get you you get one I get one tell me which one you want to keep main attractions 11 out of 49 for the Steelers and tonio brown Karen steel cinematic signatures card 12 T Y R O D tyrod taylor That's gotta be buffalo bills tyrod taylor. I'm assuming still Yeah, buffalo bills My guy tyrod cinematic signatures second one down card number 12 card number 12 So buffalo is matty morrow backup quarterback in houston now if if uh, uh, what's his name decide not to play Sean Watson Is he is he houston to Sean? I think I think or no, is he in arizona? Where did tyrod sign? I want to say it's either arizona or houston one or the other Heinz ward 41 out of 49 for the steelers Karen steel What do you mean? Nicholas CJ anderson auto five out of five for the denver broncos Nick galvin He's with houston So like I was saying to Sean Watson decides not to play this year Guess who's starting Tyrod taylor CJ anderson denver broncos nick galvin We've got rookie auto erin burbridge eight out of 25 for the 49ers martin claus CJ pro size rookie out of 17 out of 99 for the seahawks And bret poose a terry You do nick you do all this one. It's gonna get me Double feature rivers gates to the best 43 out of 49 for the chargers Charles scrabble For anybody watching this video if you haven't taken picking up on it yet. I'm a chargers fan. I'm wearing a hat Robert neck and detchie rookie three out of eight It thought this guy was going to be an absolute superstar And I thought the cardinals got an absolute steal with him in like the second round or whatever it's sad I saw a rest video of him getting arrested in a um gas station parking lot 46 out of 49 for the lot lions golden tape Nicholas Bucello Bucello Another rookie auto here daniel lasco for the saints two out of 99 New Orleans saints jason siebert obviously like When he he was the number one recruit out of high school going into Ole miss And he just couldn't stay out of trouble Nice rookie auto here sterling shepherd 17 out of 99 for the giants and paul hutchins Such a cool look at that And one of the most underrated running backs of all time courgette martin 10 out of 49 Patriots edition berry roberts Yeah last box charlie joiner Oh, look at that chargers old school love that 14 out of 49 charles scrabble and chargers again max williams action autographs 11 out of 25 for the ravens joshua cherry Well, didn't nicolas didn't he get hurt jumping out a window or off a balcony or something like that trying to run from campus police or something chris connelly nine out of 49 candy city chiefs rilando lewis action autographs cori colman rookie auto 97 out of 99 for the cleveland browns brandon hall and our last hit of the break Two-color patch main attractions 23 out of 25 elie manning for the giants and paul hutchins There you go guys nice little blast from the past. Love the look of gala That was 2016 panini absolute and gala football 14 box mixer random team number from uh from jaspyscasebreaks.com I'm sean jaspyscasebreaks.com Thanks for hanging out. See you next time


Tugging on the heartstrings of a wounded city, the biggest beards in baseball took a final victory lap. Fresh off of their World Series win against the St. Louis Cardinals, MVP David Ortiz and outfielder Shane Victorino bid their beards goodbye at the Gillette World Shaving Headquarters this morning. After a tough 2012 season, the Boston Red Sox went from worst to first, slugging their way to the best record in the American League. These scraggly beards represented a symbol of both Boston pride and team solidarity throughout the season. I think it was one of the things that, you know, from the start of spring training, we all bought in, you know, we were going to be, as I call it, brotherhood. We were going to go out there every single night and play as one team. And, you know, the tragedies that we've faced in the city, the resilience we were shown as a city, you know, brought us even closer together to be one team. And, you know, it's a storybook ending to what have happened. You know, it's been amazing. And, you know, hey, we're the World Series champions. This champion's victory shave was dedicated to one fund, Boston, as Gillette donated $100,000 to the fund. Ortiz and Victorino weren't the only ones deserving of a shave. Bullpen officers Steve Horgan and Red Sox fan Michael Grant also got in on the action. Officer Horgan is famous for his epic reaction to Big Poppy's Grand Slam in the ALCS. Gillette selected Michael Grant from thousands of other Red Sox fans who submitted their best bearded pictures via social media. I feel free now. While the beards may be gone, their triumph will not be forgotten, as the Red Sox have made Boston a city of champions once again. This is Kelly Landrigan reporting.


Live from Orlando, Florida, extracting the signal from the noise, it's theCUBE. Covering Enterprise Connect 2016, brought to you by Oracle ZDLRA, Vonage and Cafe X. Now, your hosts, John Furrier and Peter Zantesonio. Okay, welcome back everyone to special presentation of theCUBE at Enterprise Connect 2016. First, a shout out to our sponsors. We would not be able to for our sponsors Oracle, ZDLRA, the Zero Data Loss Appliance from Oracle, and we have Cafe X and Vonage. Thanks for the sponsor.  Oracle, Cafe X, Vonage, thanks for the support. We are here on the ground with theCUBE. I'm John Furrier, then we're in Westman. It's president and CEO of theCUBE. Welcome to theCUBE. Thank you very much for having me. So the video is the hottest thing that's been around. Obviously, you can be in the consumer space. You're seeing Snapchat, you're seeing all these things. You're on every device, every phone. Mobile is the key thing. But video conferencing has been one of those things that's been around. It's been like Cisco's been out there with telepresence. And a lot of people complain about it being too high end and good for board rooms, I guess, but like to really get down to the consumerization, a new video model's emerging. So I want to get your thoughts on that. Is this space of unified communications going to bring that consumer ease of use to video? So I think you're a spot on because what is actually happening is people that are saying that I can be at home, I can do FaceTime, I can do all these consuming consumer devices and using video, why can't I do it at work? And as you say, you have all this big telepresence thing that I have in the board room, but then it costs whatever a million a dollar. What do I do with this? How do I take it to my day to day? So I think that now it's happening. So as you say, it's happening now in the UC world and it's happening also in other words. Today only we announced that the NCR has chosen video to provide their ATM integrated telemachine with the video because that's the way that they want to serve banks, want to serve their customers. There are so many other applications that are coming when people want to be video enabled. So video with the why, where our company is enabling a lot of solutions, some of them within the UC, some of them outside of the UC world. So video is one of those things where there's been a couple of inhibitors. One band with broadband, whether it's fixed wireless or spectrum wireless or direct ethernet connectivity and cost for the devices. Give us an update on those fronts. Obviously costs are going down more is law and whatnot, but what's that dynamic today? So what is very interesting and always was the big limitation was the issue of the bandwidths. So today when we are in the offices and we're even at home we have good bandwidths. The problem is whether you go outside, whether it's on Wi-Fi or cellular network and this is where really video is shining because this is with our special technology we are able to deal with this fluctuating of bandwidths up and down and how to bring the best quality to the people also on mobile and wireless networks. So you have secret sauce? We have a secret sauce, we have more than 115 patents around this secret sauce, what we call video router and this secret sauce is working very well. And this helps the edge device, if you will, whether it's a teller, phone or internet of things surveillance, I'm not going to imagine a zillion scenarios. Exactly, so it can support any device that you can do, so we are the enabler, we are not those that will invite a new phone, the new car, the new drone, the new ATM, but we enable those that want to add visual communication or visual collaboration to those tools to have it to their customers. Talk about who you're disrupting right now.  Give me examples of some wins. So we are competing again, some of the companies that you mentioned earlier, some of the traditional players, some of the very big players, we announced some of the big wins only in the last few weeks, few months, we announced Bloomberg, as you met them a couple of days ago, Bloomberg is a big user of video, they replace one of the traditional providers from before and roll it out across all their organization. We announced couple of weeks ago also that Xiaomi, the third biggest phone manufacturer in the world, or mobile manufacturer in the world have chosen video when they wanted to add a multi-party FaceTime solution like Apple, but just higher quality, high resolution and a multi-party. So we are playing in different grounds and in different ground we compete with different companies but when people really want high quality, they go to video. So I got to ask you a question because most consumers like us who don't have a big budget, we're not going to break the bank, we don't get deep pockets, are looking for a high quality system whether it's us doing our CUBE media from our inter offices, but the average consumer can relate to used cases. A Skype video call and Google Hangouts. Great concept, my friends are there, I could maybe do a FaceTime, but the quality sucks, it's really bad. I mean, and it's like statically and jumps around, I mean, that is just really, really poor quality for a seamless experience. Are you guys solving that problem in terms of tech and do you see that going down to the consumer? I saw, I think this is exactly where we are dealing with. So, but not everybody wants to pay for it and when we have some of my sales organization come and say people are not willing to pay for it or people are good enough with Skype, I say if it's good enough for them, if it's free, it's good for them. We focus on companies on verticals that quality matters. Therefore, healthcare, financial services, federal, Department of Defense, our main focus because those are people that can't afford that it will not work and it will not work in the highest quality. When you are getting consultation from your doctor, you don't want the call to be disconnected before it told you what you have. I amputated your ear off, I didn't mean to do that, sorry, the bad video. But this is a good point, free is good. If it's good enough, no big deal. So I got to ask you, are people breaking the bank with the solution? What's the price points? Can you give some order of magnitude, levels of cost to get in and get that high quality? So first, price is very difficult, it depends forward but video is a software-only company. Always was disruptive the prices in the market since our inception 10 years ago and so today. So we are trying to build a scale, the right price and the right solution for our customers. Well, I think you might have a good prospect in the queue. We don't have deep pockets, maybe we can do a little trade barter. We need better video, you're watching out there guys, we'll get the video for you. But this is where the market's going. People want that table stakes. Are prices going to come down? Do you see your prices coming down, dropping, line extensions, product features? Can you share some roadmap? I think that there were some other items in the market like rooms, video, as you say, and the room service that prices went significantly down. But when you look at the complete solution, I think that people get what they pay for. So we are focusing on people that quality matters for them so we try to put the solution, that the comprehensive solution will be the right for them. Either they want to use it on their own cloud or on their own perpetual, on their own premises or they want to go with their own plow. Who's the ideal target customer for you guys? Who's the buyer for you? Who's the persona look like? Who's the ideal for your solution video today? So the ideal persona is somebody who is delivering the service. So, of course, IT is very important. They are building the security and everything. But those that are really getting what video care have to offer are the business people, though the medical people. So in healthcare, we have the chief medical officer are very important to us. In the banks, the chief digital officer or the head of digital banking, these kind of people that are looking at the multi-channels are very important for our solutions. So it's basically where business, their business model depends upon it. That's where you guys get involved. Okay, so it's a V-I-D-Y-O video and it's video.com. Thanks for coming on theCUBE, really appreciate it. Good luck. Thanks for watching. We are on the ground here at Enterprise Connect. Thanks for watching.


Product launch at slush exciting. My name is to tour a total on I'm the CEO and co-founder in carrot And I would try to give you a little inspiration on the circle economy that we actually can solve it today over the last six years we have used half a trillion ton of virgin materials and Only eight point six percent has gone back to the circular loops And as you know, that's seventy percent more than the this planet can give us Something has to change That's why we started carrot and with the carrot You will change the way you look at waste forever and we will tell you why when we Buy a product. It's enormous amount of information virgin materials new products And we buy it we use it and we throw it out when we throw it out We lose all the data and That data is a reason For why we have this problem only eight point six percent go back to the circular area and in carrot We solve it with circular data. We measure materials And resources before it becomes waste and in that way We can actually Make things Go in a loop before I answer in a waste bin. We're pretty proud to call Something the carrot effect. This is a proven business model. We have delivered to this is a shopping mall and Before we came in they had a sorting rate around 50 percent. We came in and gave them the data Inspire them to the better sorting 70 percent pretty amazing and What we do we have an open data platform and we connect with every piece of hardware Out there to gather all the data we can or the data from our apps so we actually can Motivate for better performance We are born in Bergen and little city in Norway and actually we are very lucky to work with one of the best cities in the world Even if it's small and they're pretty good And we have gathered data from the people in Bergen We have analyzed the data and we motivated the people and today they use it as Pay us to throw they use a pace of throw model you pay for what you actually throw based on carrot data and Then you understand what we do. We have circulated a data. We motivate for better performance Kind of like a carrot and today we're very very excited. We're gonna have a product launch and Thanks to slush for inviting us We call it carrot insight We have worked for five years to gather data analyze the data building the business model and the data model And now we finally can show the data that actually the magic in this circularity data There's been a great job from team that worked day and night to make this and we can't wait to give it to the customers This is exclusive today. The clients haven't seen it. We have been hard to not show it to them But today pretty exciting so that's you have to imagine now you are in a building and Mentioned the black hole all what I'm showing you now is new data has not been Nobody has given it to them before so we start with the tenant We can show per tenant how much they generate of Wastes and we can categorize them in different Categories like restaurants and cafes we can compare the performance and Help them and not just the ones that needs to help we can drill down and Really go deep in to see how they perform and help them and then you can imagine that gives performance and we can also show that if they don't Throw waste types like here the red is they haven't thrown it out. They haven't used that waste type Okay, we have a we have a problem The green is what they have used and in that way we can increase performance day after day and It shows the fact the carrot effect That brings us over to reporting everybody knows that Reporting is important and it's actually the e-requirements say that you have to know what you throw out The taxonomy is going to put pretty strict requirements to it So there's a little From we are building our reports based on the EU requirements and the taxonomy that's coming So that means that every tenant in a building can get a report from us. That's pre done ready to go almost whatever you require is because we have the data and And also we can have a downstream handling That shows what happens to the waste After it's left the building Then the most exciting or at least one of the most exciting circularity overview We can show you the performance over time We set the target the average and how you're performing and in that way You can compare to others Sorting is not one way of sorting some places you should sort in a different ways depending on what need for resources You have you can add on new types of waste and we can see development and waste type over time down to a very detailed level and that's Enormous exciting information because that means that somebody might want to have this resource They might need it and by knowing that before it has become waste You can match supply and demand on resources that go back into circular economy okay waste is money big money and We have a cost overview. So you as a building can simulate how much it would cost you to handle the waste You can change the prices on the waste in the market and you can simulate How much the cost and how much is your income? potential for different kind of categories and here also Here you can add on the prices in the market and who wants to buy it So we are 100% sure data will change how people think about waste and with the Product we launched earlier this year the app we can give this information Instant back to the people that make the decision so summary Circular data motivates people to do to take action Carrot insight tells you where you should take action and The beautiful thing it's a great business case behind it. So that's carrot we reward circularity and We have the solution you guys can all make a difference as you can see and We can give you a little carrot Thank you


Hi, I'm Emily Freeman, I'm the author of DevOps for Dummies and the co-curator of 97 Things Every Cloud Engineer Should Know. I think about all things DevOps at AWS. Broadly speaking, GitOps is a way of declaring the desired state of a system. But more than that, it's a way of capturing complexity so that the human brain can keep up. Our brains are capable of incredible memory storage and recall, but there are limits. And the truth is our systems have long exceeded our ability for our brains to keep track. Like the machines we work on, our brains are pretty efficient. The first and most important step is whether a piece of information even gets stored in long-term memory. You can likely recall what you ate last because it's in short-term memory, but you probably can't tell me what you ate for breakfast six days ago because your brain threw it in the garbage, so to speak. It wasn't important enough to remember because your brain knows that you don't need to know what you ate in number of days ago. It's not important. For long-term memory, your brain typically stores things by attaching a queue to the image or memory or idea, and that queue anchors it to other things stored already in your brain and assists with recall. It creates a sort of graph database. You remember a memory based on a smell or no solution based on a familiar pattern. I have aphantasia, which sounds more serious than it is. It basically means that when I close my eyes, I don't see anything. Just dark gray and an AWS logo. I'm kidding. If I think of an apple or a beach or my mother's face, I can't picture it in my mind. There's just gray, but I want you to close your eyes and picture a quarter or a penny or some other kind of common coin you're familiar with. Now, I'm confident that you know what color it is approximately, how big it is, whose face is on the coin, but what's on the writing at the top or what's depicted on the back? Where is the year it was made printed? I'm guessing you don't know. I didn't. I had to go look it up. Now I thought I had a pretty good idea of what a quarter looked like, but I would have struggled to draw it with any real accuracy. This is because my brain doesn't need to recall exactly what a quarter looks like. It just needs to know that it's different from a penny or a peso or a pound. That simplification is an abstraction that gives me only the information I need in a given moment. We talk a lot about abstractions as engineers. Now what we usually mean is that we're obfuscating logic or creating a separation of concerns by removing overhead from an engineer. And this is because computer scientists have long used the word to mean removing certain details to focus on broader concepts. Especially over the last few years with the surge of cloud adoption, abstraction has become one of those tech buzzwords that we all use ad nauseam, but never clearly define. In visual art, abstraction is selecting elements of an object and reducing it to its most basic lines, shapes, and textures. Picasso was one of those rare artists who was capable of classical painting techniques, but due to his extraordinary talent was utterly bored with the old ways of doing things. He eschewed realism and classic perspective for abstract renderings and cubism. His series of 11 lithographs called letaro or the bull convey a step by step reduction of an image from a realistic bull to a sketch of roughly 10 lines illustrating the most basic form of a bull. A true master, Picasso stripped the bull of every unnecessary detail while retaining the spirit or essence of the animal. I think it is one of the most stunning visual representations of abstraction in the world. Abstractions exist outside of art museums too on the very streets we walk. The reason we no longer build buildings like Versailles is, well, one, it was so expensive a few people lost their heads, but also because something called the modernist movement. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, architects began to buck traditional aesthetics. Instead of ornate facades, designers focused on the materials from which a building was constructed and basic geometric shapes. Frank Lloyd Wright was a pioneer of modern architects. The house falling water in mill run Pennsylvania shows stark lines, rectangles, harsh stone. Its sharp design contrasts the natural movement and soft lines that almost sway of the woods cradling the structure and the flowing waterfall over which it is built. You can see the same focus on shape and form in the Guggenheim Museum also architected by Wright. But here's the important part. While these structures are abstractions of the more traditional, more ornate forms, they are still very clearly buildings. And Picasso's bull was still very much a bull. The abstraction didn't change the object, it simplified it so it could be observed and consumed in a different way. In this distilled form it is more purely itself and somehow I think in that clean simplicity it more boldly declares itself. Abstractions are useful not because they distract or ignore data but instead home in on the important bits. GitOps and other abstractions are our modernist movement. We've developed ways to better see the essence of our socio-technical systems. But more than that we've created a way to declare our vision for what our system should be, not just observe and react to what it is. Out of the modernist movement came this manifesto of futurism and in it a poet described futurism as a rejection of the past and a celebration of speed and industry. I am fascinated by the fact that speed, futurism, machinery, revolution and abstractions were tied together long before a computer was a thing. For me there are two rules of abstraction. The first is that it must be reversible. Abstractions purposefully remove detail but it doesn't mean that the detail isn't important. And this is where GitOps infrastructure's code, sometimes even good old source control, becomes critical. I like to think of abstractions as almost separating a system into layers. Each layer can be observed and evaluated independently but also holistically because anomalies only become patterns when they're viewed from a broader perspective. The second rule is that no abstraction should require superfluous documentation and let me show you why. This is a high fidelity image of an outdoor staircase. If we strip the photograph of all its color we can more clearly visualize the way that light creates her shadow and lines. And if you sketch over it you can highlight the strongest lines of the original photograph. You can still see the stairs and a sort of balcony on the left. You can imagine a window above the negative space on the right but I want to go even further and abstract this to its most basic lines and shapes. Now when I made the image partially transparent and really squinted my eyes to see only the most prominent features I ended up with this. Now outside of being clearly the next modern masterpiece this is an example of abstraction going too far. The only reason you have any clue what it represents is because you have the knowledge bias of seeing the original. This goes beyond useful abstraction and into abstract expressionism. It's the equivalent of clever code that's so indecipherable by future developers that it's worthless. As the single source of truth in our system GitOps enables engineers to focus on what they do best solve problems. It serves not only as canon for the desired state of a system but is reversible and self-documenting. It abstracts the complexity of a system without exaggerating the simplicity and this is why it's such a compelling approach to managing infrastructure. Just like a quarter or a penny or a peso you don't need to recall with perfect precision the declared or observed state of your system. GitOps enables you to know when there's divergence between what should be and what is. And isn't that what every technical abstraction should do? Remove the noise and highlight the important. Thank you so much for having me.


Hello everybody and welcome to our lecture today. My name is Zouan and I am a fourth year undergraduate student completing my degree in mechanical engineering. First, I would like to say a thank you so much to all of our donors we all benefit from and are immensely grateful for generations of your support. Moving on to logistics, please submit questions for today's speaker in the YouTube chat. And with that being said, I'd like to introduce our speaker for today. This is Alex Filipenko, professor of astronomy. He is a member of both the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and is one of the world's most highly cited astrophysicists. Filipenko was voted best professor at UC Berkeley a record nine times. And in 2006, he was named the case Carnegie national professor of the year among doctoral institutions. Filipenko has produced five astronomy video courses with the great courses co-authored and award-winning astronomy textbook and appeared in more than 120 television documentaries. Please join me in welcoming Alex Filipenko. Well, thank you so much for that very warm introduction. And it's a pleasure to be here. I'm sorry that yet again, we can't hold a normal Cal Homecoming weekend, but at least this year is much more than we were able to do last year. So the trend is positive. The Delta variant cases are going down, especially in the Bay Area. And let's keep our fingers crossed that by this time next year, we can all be fully in-person, not just for the football game, but also for this series of lectures and also for the many, many events that are always held on campus for Cal Homecoming Day. This is one of the two favorite days we have along with the one in the spring when many prospective students come with their families to visit campus. So we hope to welcome you with open arms in the more normal way in future years, but this is better than nothing. So go Bears, beat Washington State. I'll be at the game tomorrow and I'm hoping that we'll do well. So I'd like to tell you today about an interesting discovery in astronomy, but more specifically in cosmology, that subset of astronomy that deals with the structure and evolution of the universe as a whole. So basically we're interested in, where the hell did it all come from? And this question goes all the way back to the cave person days. Here we are, thousands of years later, cosmology marches on.  And the story begins largely with Edwin Hubble, after whom the Hubble Space Telescope is named. He made a number of important discoveries about a century ago, one of which was that these so-called spiral nebulae in the sky, clouds of gas were actually bound, that is gravitationally bound collections of billions, even hundreds of billions of stars, and they collectively form these things called galaxies. We live in the Milky Way galaxy, and they're huge. They're like 100,000 light years across, and one light year is like 6 million million miles or 10 trillion kilometers. So imagine if this were a picture of our Milky Way, our own sun would be just one of the stars among a hundred billion, pretty amazing. But even more ones like this one are moving slowly, but the more distant ones, which look smaller and fainter in the sky, are moving away more quickly. So basically most of the galaxies, these giant collections of stars are moving away from us with the more distant ones moving faster than the nearby ones. So this led to the concept of an expanding universe. The galaxies themselves are gravitationally bound, they're not expanding, but the space between them is growing in size. Our universe is becoming bigger with time. This was actually a concept that Hubble himself resisted for many years. He thought that the interpretation of the data should be something different, but really it's that the universe is expanding, an amazing discovery. Well, there are a lot of cartoons about this, sorry I'm late, but how the universe keeps expanding. Again, I said that it's the space over millions of light years between galaxies that's expanding. Galaxies are not expanding, they're held together by gravity. Planetary systems like our solar system are not expanding, they're held together by gravity. Earth isn't expanding, you're not expanding, these things are held together by gravity and you're held together by electromagnetic forces. So a common misperception is that everything is expanding, that's not true. Only the vast spaces between galaxies are expanding. Nevertheless, there are a lot of cartoons that get this concept wrong. Here's another one, if the universe and everything in it is expanding, how come our budget gets shrunk all the time? Well, again, not everything is expanding, you're not expanding. If you expand after lunch, that's your fault, you ate too large a lunch, it's not the universe's fault. Okay, well with modern telescopes, we've figured out how quickly the universe is expanding and that's some number. I'll get back to that near the end of my talk, that's where the surprise is. There's a surprising new result about the expansion rate currently. But first I wanna tell you about how that expansion rate is changing with time. Now, how should it be changing? Well, centuries ago, supposedly Newton watched the apple fall from a tree, it didn't hit his head, that story is apocryphal. Nevertheless, supposedly he saw an apple fall and he wondered whether whatever it is that attracts it toward Earth and makes it fall is somehow related to why the moon retains an orbit around Earth and doesn't just go flying up into the cosmos. In other words, he tried to unite terrestrial phenomena with celestial phenomena. And he did so with his law of universal gravitation. Basically everything attracts everything else. And so extending this to the universe at large, all these galaxies, which you're seeing here, all these fuzzy blobs or galaxies, they should be pulling on one another over the vast distances of empty space. And so the expansion of the universe should be slowing down with time. Just like when I toss an apple, the proverbial Newtonian apple, you can't give a talk about gravity without having an apple. So when I toss it up, the gravitational attraction that Earth exerts on the apple slows it down. Well, so too, all these galaxies should be attracting all the other galaxies, slowing down the expansion of the universe. And if the universe is sufficiently dense, that is a lot of stuff for unit point. Then the slowdown should slow down so much that the universe eventually comes to a stop and then reverses its motion and ends up in a big crunch or a Gnab Gibb, which is big bang backwards, right? Big bang, Gnab Gibb. So if you were lying on your back, watching the galaxies, you'd see that they get fainter and fainter with time. You'd say you live in a well-behaved universe, but then you'd notice something peculiar, they're getting brighter, bigger, ah, you'd get nervous, goodbye cruel world. So you'd end in a hot, dense, big crunch. That's one possible fate for the universe. But it's also possible that the density, the mass per unit volume is sufficiently low that although the universe's expansion is slowing down with time, it never comes to a stop. That would be like an apple that I launch at a speed greater than or equal to Earth's escape speed. It keeps on going away from Earth forever, like a rocket that's launched greater than the Earth's escape speed. In that case, if you were lying on your back, watching the galaxies, they would get forever fainter and smaller in the sky, an eternally expanding universe that ends up cold and dark and dilute, a very different ending from the hot, dense, big crunch. So cosmologists would like to know what the fate of the universe will be, just because it's an interesting question. And the way we can attempt to answer that question is to measure the past history of the expansion in order to determine the fate. And again, let's go back to the apple. If I measure its speed at many different times and I show that it's slowing down a lot, then I can predict that it'll stop and reverse its motion and come crashing down. But if it's not been slowing down a lot, then I can predict that it'll keep moving away from my hand forever, okay? So that's the same idea with the cosmos. Look back in time and compare what the expansion rate used to be with what it is right now. Well, that's hard to do.  We do it by looking far away. Light doesn't travel infinitely fast. It takes time to travel from there to here. You see the sun as it was a little over eight minutes ago because it takes a little over eight minutes for the light to traverse 93 million miles. You see even the nearest brightest stars as they were some tens or hundreds of years ago because they're tens or hundreds of light years away. And it took that amount of time for the light to reach us. And if you look at faint galaxies, they are say a billion light years away and four billion light years away. And that little smudge there might be nine billion light years away. So you're seeing them as they were one, four, nine billion years ago. And encoded in the light is information about how fast the universe was expanding one, four, nine billion years ago. So you can trace the expansion history of the universe. We get a movie of the past history of the universe. But we need to know the distances and thus the lookback times of these galaxies. How do we do that? Well, for nearby galaxies, we can find individual stars and study their properties. And let's say that that one there we determine is just like Betelgeuse, the left shoulder of the great hunter Orion. And that's a pretty nearby star. We know its distance. We know how bright it appears to be. So we can calculate its true intrinsic power, its oomph. And then we can compare that with the apparent brightness of this star and determine that star's distance. And we do that for other stars in the same galaxy. And if we get the same answer, then we feel pretty convinced that we've got the right answer. Now, this is quite analogous to how you judge the distance of an oncoming car at night. You look at the headlights of a car of known distance. Let's say it's two meters away, you say, whoa, those are pretty bright headlights. And then you look at fainter headlights and even fainter headlights. Your eye-brain combination almost intuitively judges the distance of the oncoming car by looking at how faint the headlights appear to be and knowing how bright they really are. I mean, if you're not very good at doing this, you shouldn't be driving at night, okay? Well, cars, stars, it's the same sort of thing. You just need a headlight whose true power you know. And then you look at its apparent brightness. Well, normal stars work for relatively nearby galaxies, but for the galaxies that are billions of light years away, you don't see any individual normal stars. They're too faint and they're blurred together. I mean, this blur here is like a billion stars that you can barely see even as one. So you might think you're hosed, but you're not because there is one type of star that becomes so brilliant, so intrinsically powerful that it can be seen even at distances of billions of light years. And that's the supernova, the exploding star. Now, this is a small minority of all stars. Our sun won't do this, but those that do become millions or billions of times as powerful as the sun. And here's one exploding in a galaxy of 100 billion stars and that one star there at peak brilliance is as bright as the central billion stars in this galaxy. This takes several weeks or months. We've sped up the process here, so it's not to bore you. But that's a billion suns there, but it's one star. So again, if our sun were to do this folks, sun block of 50 just wouldn't cut it. You need sun block or supernova block of a billion or so to protect yourself. But don't worry, be happy.  If it does, you can tell Carol Chris to fire me from Cal. Believe me, the least of my worries and the least of your worries will be me being fired from Cal if our sun explodes. But don't worry, be happy, it's not gonna happen. All right? Well, by finding nearby exploding stars like this one, in a galaxy where we can also see relatively normal stars like these, and so we've determined the distance of that galaxy through normal stars, that's like knowing the distance of a nearby car. And then you look at how bright the supernova, the headlight is and knowing the distance, you can figure out how powerful it really is, okay? So this is like the nearby car.  So we first need to find a bunch of these exploding stars and we can do that in principle by looking through the eyepiece of a telescope at one and only one galaxy. I could have my students do this. And then when they find a supernova, we let them graduate and move on to greener pastures. Meanwhile, I will have had decades of labor from them because a typical galaxy produces a supernova once every 30 or 40 years. But there are some crimes that are so egregious that even a tenured professor can and should get fired. I mean, students need to sleep and study and go to the parties, right? Not necessarily in that order. This would be considered cruel and unusual punishment. So with modern detectors and telescopes like the cameras you have in your phone, we have a better technique. We can attach these cameras to the eyepiece end of a telescope, take photographs of thousands of galaxies and simply look for arrows. You see that wherever you see an arrow, you see an exploding star. By mathematical induction, I conclude that this process must work every time. Well, obviously I'm joking here. The universe doesn't paint these arrows in the sky for us. We have to find the supernovae some other way. And the way we do it is with a robotic telescope at Lick Observatory, which is owned and operated by the University of California. I run a telescope here called CATE, the Katzmann Automatic Imaging Telescope, which is not a big telescope by today's standards, but it's been programmed to take photographs of about a thousand galaxies a night. And then it repeats the process the next night and it compares the pictures. And usually there's nothing new in the new picture, but occasionally there is something new and then we mark it with an arrow and that's a supernova candidate. And there might be a dozen such candidates out of a thousand images over a night. So then I have Cal undergraduates who look at those candidates and using their superior eye-brain combination, they determine which ones are likely to be genuine exploding stars because there are other things they could be. And these students get their hands dirty with research at an early age. They learn how to, you know, computer program. They know how to deal with statistics, with data analysis. They get the thrill of discovery of a supernova and this serves them well no matter what field they go with. STEM fields that are much more immediately useful to society like, you know, applied physics or medical physics or engineering or computer science. But the bug that bites them is often astronomy and the chance to do research of this sort is a real thrill for them. And it launches them on their course of action.  They also get to use other telescopes at Lick Observatory to monitor these exploding stars, how bright they get, how they fade with time. They also use a bigger telescope to study the supernovae in greater detail. And they can do this now from campus because we have these observing rooms set up. They don't have to go to the observatory, which is great because, you know, students typically don't have cars and they have, you know, classes to take and all that. But now they can do it from these observing stations at each of the UC campuses. And during the pandemic, we've even made it possible for everyone to observe using their laptop computer at home. So it's just, it's like we call it pajama observing. So all this has led to a big increase in student involvement. I now have 12 to 15 undergraduates in my group at any given time, not to mention the grad students in the postdocs. There's also a thing called the Automated Planet Finder at Lick, which searches for planets going around other stars. On other homecoming days, I've talked about that research. But anyway, Lick is an amazing place with a lot of student hands-on opportunities. It's also our base for astronomy, education and research for the University of California system. And we attract in a normal year, not during the pandemic, but in a normal year, over 25,000 visitors per year. We are beginning to open up to the general public in limited number gatherings where people are masked and all that kind of stuff. So it's really an amazing place. And we do a lot of technology development there and all kinds of stuff.  I was up all night, the night of August 19th, 20th because one of the fires that ravaged this part of California actually came to the observatory grounds and you can see as night falls in about an hour or so, it'll get dark. Now you can see the flames really well. My Cape Telescope is right there. I at times during the night thought it had burned down, but it turns out it was just smoke enveloping it and the smoke was reflecting fire light, but it survived. And the three meter telescope survived and the automated planet finder survived. And it was just, you know, we owe an enormous debt of gratitude to Cal Fire and the other firefighters. I mean, we were fortunate that they set up a base at Lick Observatory because it's high up, it's 4,200 feet and it has a few roads leading from it. So they could monitor the progress of the fire and go to the hotspots, but, you know, they saved us and it was just amazing. There were millions of dollars worth of damages. Most of those insurance is paying for, not all of them. As you know, it's hard to get the full amount of money from insurance. So we're definitely down as a result of the fire. We're also down because of the COVID-19 and all the restrictions that, you know, universities have now found themselves under. So we're suffering this additional cut to our budget of 15% because of COVID-19 on top of the fire. So unfortunately, despite all this great stuff that we do at Lick, especially for the students of the University of California, UC funding is definitely in a precarious state right now. And, you know, we know that there are a lot of worthy causes and many worthy causes within the university itself. So, you know, we're always grateful to any gifts to the university, but in particular for Lick Observatory, I was able to get a gift through Google and we're now trying to raise matching private donations. And I'm writing a renewal proposal to Google and they've told me that, you know, getting matching donations to the degree possible would help them see that their gift actually made a real difference. So if you feel so inclined, go to the usual Berkeley website, give.berkeley.edu. And if you put Lick in the search box, it'll dump you to the UC Berkeley Lick Observatory Operations Fund. And those monies will go into helping preserve Lick as a research institution and an institution where students, especially undergraduates, can get real life research experience and get motivated to pursue STEM fields. So all gifts, no matter how small and large, are very, very welcome. So thank you for your consideration. Now, back to my story, we've now found lots of these nearby headlights, these nearby cars. And so then we wanna find similar distant headlights in these distant galaxies. And the way we do it is by using bigger telescopes like in the Southern Hemisphere in Chile, and we take wide angle pictures of the sky. And there are thousands of galaxies in such a picture. And when we repeat the process in the same parts of the sky a few weeks later and digitally subtract the earlier images from the later images, occasionally you'll get something that looks like it might be real among the noise. And my job on both of the teams that early, in the early 1990s, set out to measure the fate of the, or the past history of the universe, my job was to use the world's greatest optical telescopes, the Keck Observatory, which University of California also has a ownership stake in. And so I would examine these supernova candidates in detail and figure out which ones were genuine supernovae. And so we would study those. And the punchline was that they appeared very faint. They're really faint.  Here you can't even see the galaxy before the supernova exploded. So it's obviously very distant. And that's true. But the point is that the exploding stars appeared so faint that the inferred distances of the galaxies were greater than they had any right to be. They were farther away than in any well-behaved universe, one that's slowing down, or even one that's not slowing down but expanding at a constant rate. The galaxies couldn't have gotten that far away without having sped up. If they had sped up, then they could get that far away. But that wasn't the anticipated answer, right? It's as though there's this cosmic anti-gravity force at work. And I was privileged to be the first to announce this to the world at a meeting in Los Angeles in February of 98. It was a real thrill to have a chance to do this. But, and we use the term anti-gravity hesitantly because people say, well, can we use this stuff, whatever it is, to levitate over Bay Area traffic jams or LA traffic jams? And the answer is no. This stuff is either a property of the universe, of space itself, or it's some sort of energy that's flowing through space but has a repulsive effect. But there's so little of it that you'd have to collect it over millions of light years before you see a measurable effect. So we're never gonna use this, but never say never, I suppose. Anyway, so Einstein looks sad here because over a century ago, he actually proposed that such an effect might exist. But he renounced this idea as being just kind of outlandish and there was no evidence for it. If he were around right now, his reaction might be something like this because we now have evidence for this idea that he renounced possibly, well, he renounced it as his biggest blunder, but it could have been his greatest triumph actually. So it's kind of an interesting story. But again, there are many cartoons about this that are not quite right, okay? The universe is expanding at an accelerated rate. That should be good for housing starts. Again, this is not a local effect. You see this over tens of millions of light years, not here. Or the universe is expanding faster than ever and I don't even feel a breeze. Well, that's because it's not expanding here, all right? All right, well, we don't know what it is that's causing the accelerated expansion. So we call it generically dark energy. It could be a property of space itself or it could be some weird energy like light flowing through space, but not light itself. Light doesn't have the right properties but it's an energy flowing through space rather than being a property of space itself. Do you see the somewhat subtle distinction there? So we're trying to figure out what it is and that's important because it's 70% of the contents of the universe and we don't know what it is, we just know it's there. That's kind of disconcerting. 25% of the universe is dark matter and we don't know what that is either. That's the stuff that holds galaxies together. There's not enough gravity associated with the visible stars to hold graphics galaxies together. They would go flying apart and there's not enough gravity to hold clusters of galaxies. These are all galaxies that are bound together and they would go flying apart unless there's extra gravity and that gravity is attributed to something called dark matter and that's something that one of my heroes Fritz Zwicky came up with in the 1930s and he wasn't taken very seriously even though he was brilliant and I think he wasn't taken seriously in part because some of his ideas really were kind of crazy but mostly he was arrogant and abrasive and he didn't think highly of the intellectual capacity of his Caltech colleagues. And Caltech is a pretty brainy place like Cal. Okay, I did my graduate work at Caltech and his colleagues didn't think kindly to his view of their intellectual capacity and here he might be showing you what he thinks of their brain size, right? Well, I don't know that that's what he's thinking but he might be and he is on record as having referred to his Caltech colleagues as spherical bastards because you know, they're bastards any way you look at them and a sphere is the only object that looks the same from any direction, right? Now, I'm not suggesting you start calling your friends spherical bastards. You will quickly end up friendless but Zwicky is one of my heroes. So he came up with dark matter and we don't know what that is.  Just things called WIMPs, weekly interacting massive particles or other particles called axions or something like that. So we don't know what they are. Yeah, I've got my time clock. Thank you, Brandon. Okay, so dark energy makes the universe expand faster and faster. We don't know what that is. Dark matter keeps galaxies and clusters of galaxies bound. We don't know what that is. So we don't really know what 95% of the universe is. So there's a lot of room for discovery open out there. And if there are any students or youngsters listening to my talk, if someone tells you astrophysics is dead, there's nothing left to be discovered. You tell them, what are the origin and nature of 95% of the universe? We don't know. But we've been trying to find out and this brings me to the last part of my talk. What is the physical origin? We don't know. It's important because it's 70% of the universe's contents. It might provide a clue to the unification of quantum physics and gravity. So it's an important problem. And just to show you how important it is, in 2011, the discovery itself, not the explanation for what dark energy is, but the discovery itself was honored with the Nobel Prize in physics to the team leaders, Saul Perlmutter here at Cal, Brian Schmidt at the Australian National University and Adam Reese, who was a postdoctoral scholar, a Miller fellow supervised by me in the mid to late 1990s at the time we were doing their work. And the rules of the Nobel is that it can't go to more than three people, usually to the team leaders. And I'm glad it went to my postdoc Adam Reese as well. But these gentlemen understood that without the rest of us working in the trenches, the discovery would never have been made. So they spent a good fraction of their prize money flying the rest of us out to participate in Nobel week. And that was a lot of fun. Here's the actual awarding of the prize. And there's one of the teams right after the awarding of the prize. Here's the other team. I should have been in that photo, but I wasn't because the main team I was associated with was having its celebratory lunch at exactly the same time. And I felt a greater closeness to the Schmidt team. And at that meeting, my wife, Noelle, revealed her consolation prize to all of us who didn't technically win the Nobel Prize. It was a limited edition t-shirt, Dark Energy is the New Black, okay? So anyway, she made this t-shirt kind of funny. Then a few years ago, everyone won this breakthrough prize, which was nice, but we don't really do this for the prize as we do it for the thrill of making a discovery in science in contributing to humankind's understanding of the universe. And when I was a kid growing up, never did I think that I would be involved in such an important discovery. I have to pinch myself that I was at the right place and at the right time. Okay, so what is the Dark Energy? Well, a crucial thing is whether it's...


Thank you. My name is Siva Balan. I work at G-Digital as a performance engineer, and I'm here to talk about in five minutes, just to give you a brief overview of how we do performance engineering, and what tools we use, and what kind of tests we do, and some of the interesting findings that we got as part of doing performance engineering on Cloud Foundry, which is very different from what you do for on-prem applications, and not Cloud-based applications. So one of the some of the tools and techniques that we use, first with two type of tests that we do, capacity tests, scalability, endurance, stress, and chaos monkey. So we try and implement chaos monkey test, which some of you might know that in Netflix, it started with their Amazon EC2 instances, bringing down at random times in production. But as part of capacity test, we try to first make sure the service that's deployed to Cloud Foundry is well-tuned for the type of load that you'd expect on one instance, and then we start doing the scalability test by scaling out to multiple instances by 10, 50, or 100 instances as well. And the endurance test is primarily to detect resource leaks, failures, memory leaks, CPU utilization that goes haywire in some instances. And stress test is to basically find out when, how your application or service is able to recover itself after you've exhausted all the resources. And chaos monkey, of course, is to randomly pull down instances. And we try to stop and start instances at random times to make sure that it's able to detect failures and it's also able to recover gracefully. And some of the tools that we use is Jmeter for load generation itself. APM tools, like we use Neuralik, AppDynamics, or Dynatrace that we just saw a few minutes earlier. And Jalokia for JMAX. And this is slightly different from what typically people use for getting JMAX, and I'll tell you why. And ELK is to persist the actual load itself. I'm sorry, the data that comes back from Jmeter. And how we do it, so this gives you a very brief representation of our performance test framework. As you can see, the code gets checked out from GitHub, and the code gets pushed, it gets built, it gets pushed out to Cloud Foundry. We scale the number of instances, and there is a monitoring hooked up from Neuralik, or AppDynamics, or in this case, we use Neuralik, but you can use AppDynamics or Dynatrace, or any of the APM tools that's part of your organization. We use Jalokia primarily because for security reasons, the Docker SSH is shut off in our organization. So we had to have some kind of HTTP wrapper on top of JMAX for us to get the JMAX metrics. So Jalokia helps us really well there. And as you can see, the output of Jmeter gets pushed into RabbitMQ, and that gets a lockstash subscriber, which persists the data for us in the elastic search, and we use Kibana for visualization of the data. And this is how it looks. A typical dashboard looks like this for us, where we have data coming in from Jmeter, coming in from Jalokia, coming in from JMAX for us to get a visualization of a good representation of what the service looks like. In this case, this is a UA service that we use in our organization. How different is troubleshooting in Cloud Foundry? So we found some lessons learned, which I thought I could share. We didn't have access to our MyPort, so we couldn't use Jconsole, so we had to use Jalokia to get JMAX monitoring up and running. JVM crashes, crashes the container. It actually doesn't let you get any data out of your container once it crashes. So we had to rely on application logs that are stored in elastic search. It gives us a little bit of data, but not a whole lot of data, unfortunately, because once the JVM is crashed, it's gone forever. Traditional tools like Jvisual VM and Jprofiler don't work for your troubleshoot issues, so we end up relying on APM tools like Neuralek, AppDynamics, or Dynatrace for us to give us as much information as possible before the container crashes. And some of the exceptions that gets thrown right before crashes get logged into these APM tools, and it can help you a little bit to understand where the problem is. And finally, I would like to end with the industry finding that we came up with. So there was a Springboard app that was constantly crashing every two hours. We couldn't find any leaks in our Java code. There were no full GC observed before the crash. And the problem with that was that it was using a lot more native memory than what we had given it. And we had to previously use the memory limit variable, but now we don't use it anymore. We can use the Java Buildpack 4.x which actually gives you different memory segments on how you can size the different memory segments. 15 seconds over, I will end really quick. And the other one was actually the monitoring agent itself was causing memory leak for us, so we had to go and unbind it and try to test again. But then the key takeaways, start early, go deep, use a good monitoring tool, don't fly blind, and enable the developers and give access to the reports for them. If you have more questions, come to our booth, predicts booth in the foundry, and you can reach me at the Twitter handle or at the email address. Thank you very much. Thank you.


Hello, I'm Specialist Zachary Johnson from Bravo Company 703rd BSB, 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team 3rd Infantry Division. Today we will be focusing on setting the M88A2 Hercules pack into another M88A2 Hercules. Follow me and we'll show you how it's done. If he keeps coming straight or if he neutral steers, as of now you can see we mostly have the power pack of the M88A2 set almost completely into the 88. Our next step as you can see what they're doing now is removing the final drop caps off of each final drive. This is what rotates the sprocket of the 88 to make it go forward and do whatever you want it to do. After that we're going to have some hydraulic hoses, fuel hoses, a PTO which runs the boom and the crane that operates this whole system. Specialist Duncan are accomplishing the most difficult part of this task. They are setting the final drives back into the transmission of the 88. After that they will use RTV or gasket seal to spread onto the saddle caps of the transmission and clamp them together. Alright, so right now what he's doing is applying RTV or gasket seal to the saddles of the final drive. These are the caps that are going to keep everything connected in one location so that the transmission can operate correctly. Again, this is Specialist Johnson and that's how you set pack on the M88A2. Signing off. Rock of the morn.


Hey everybody! Welcome back to my Star Wars channel. I'm your host, my name's David. Today I've got a really special video for you. We're going to look at the Build Your Own X-Wing Model from D'Agostini.  My scope shows the tower, but I can't see the exhaust port. All right, the D'Agostini Build Your Own X-Wing. I got this for Christmas. I got this for Christmas. It's a Build As You Go subscription-based model, so they send you a little package of model pieces every so often, maybe once a month, depending on your subscription level, and then you build it as you go.  I received the first couple months for Christmas from my brother Patrick, who obviously loves me, right? Obviously loves me or loves Star Wars. He loves Star Wars just as much as I do. He'd probably say that he loves Star Wars more than me, but I love Star Wars more than him. Hey, if you're new to the channel, what I do is I review toys, I review vintage stuff, I review the classic books pretty soon. This year I'm going to head back to Celebration 2020 for the anniversary of Emperor Strikes Back, so you want to make sure you hit like and subscribe and keep tuning in for all that great Star Wars stuff. Basically, if it says Star Wars on it, I want to talk about it. I want to talk about it. So if you like Star Wars as much as me, definitely hit like and subscribe. Hit all your notifications so that you're alerted when my new videos go live. All right, the Diagostini build your own X-Wing. This thing is massive. It's a 118th scale, 118th scale. Its wingspan is 25 inches and it's 20 inches long. It weighs eight pounds. It has lights. It moves by remote control. It has a light up R2-D2. This thing is insane. When I first saw this in the box, I just couldn't even tell how big it was and even saying like 118th scale in my brain.  So one of the reasons why I haven't built it yet, you're like, you got it for Christmas. How can you haven't started building it yet? Well, number one, I wanted to show you this. I want to make this video for you and I want to show you the packages. So I wanted to have all the packages still in their packaging to show you. And also because I'm trying to figure out where this is going to go, usually when you build a model, especially something that's large, it takes up space as you build. And I've got two little kids at home. So I'm trying to figure out, okay, where am I going to build this? And then where am I going to put it when it's done? Like this is like a museum replica thing. And I want to show this to you as I go. Well, so I'll make some subsequent videos after this, kind of show you the pieces that come in and then show you my build progress as I go. I'm not a model builder. I don't have an overhead camera, so it's not going to be a video like that. There's other videos on YouTube that already do that. You could watch those if you wanted to. I'll just show you the pieces and some of the things as I go and you kind of live like curiously through me. That's kind of how that's how YouTube works, right? That's how YouTube works. I've also been worried about having the right glue and putting this together correctly. But from what I've seen so far, glue isn't really heavily involved. A lot of these pieces snap together or they screw together with metal screws because of just the sheer weight of this thing. So I guess that's good news because glue and I, we don't, we don't mix well. I don't do good with decals either. Like, I'm terrible at putting on stickers. So that's another bad, another thing I'm afraid of when I, when I see models, right? All right. So let's talk about it. So when you order this, when you subscribe to it, or when your brother buys it for you for Christmas, you're going to get a little magazine like this with every single shipment. So it usually is going to say what packet it belongs to, right? And I'll show you this on a different camera. So you got beautiful full color illustrations. You'll also have stories. This one's got a little introduction about Ralph Macquarie has characters that have flown X-wings, but then there's also some other pilots that get highlighted in other magazines. They're going to go through the X-wing pilot costume, the flight helmet. And then they're going to talk about how to build the model pieces that you receive. So you're going to get step by step color pictures that walk you through every single element that you receive that month. And everything is going to be spelled out for you completely. There's also some video tutorials on YouTube. Like I said, Diego Steney has some themselves, but I believe they stop at issue four. And then the backside has a little preview of what is to come. If we walk through the eight issues that I have, issue one contains the cockpit canopy, a cannon, and R2-D2. Issue two will have R2-D2's right leg, a laser generator, a laser LED, and the cockpit base. Issue three has R2-D2's left leg, a laser housing, cockpit frames, plus a free screwdriver. Issue four has cockpit parts, R2-D2 parts, a battery box, a flash suppressor, and an emitter. Issue five has R2-D2 center leg, instrument panels, and instrument lighting displays. Issue six has the cockpit shell and some screws. Issue seven has the upper starboard wing top skin, trailing edge detail, power couplings, and laser cannon support. And issue eight has an internal wing frame, plus external and internal wing details. All right, so how do you get one of these bad boys yourself? You have to head on down to model-space.com. Model-space.com, I will put a link below in the description for you. I believe they've got other models as well. I think my brother is building a Millennium Falcon, so I can't even imagine how big that one is. All right, so how much is this? That's what you want to know, right? How much is this going to cost me? How much will this set me back? Well, it's a subscription base, right? I said that. So you pay per month and you can cancel anytime, although I don't know why you'd want to cancel, because once you cancel, then you're left with half an X-wing, right? Half a model. But I suppose if you were, you know, wanted to pause for a little while, you can start back up at a later time. There's a couple of different ways you can subscribe to this. There's the $75 a month option for 25 months, or you can pay $150 for 12 months, which roughly means this entire model is going to cost you about $1,800. There's also a premium offer that you can get, which includes the things that you see here. So there's some cable boxes, a figure, a ladder. It makes a little diorama set for your display. All right, so so far that's everything I can say about the Diagostini build your own X-wing. Have you seen this? Have you seen it in person? Are you building one? What's your take on model building? Have you built other models? Maybe you've built the rebel models. Hey, give me some pointers. Give me some tips. Tell me what you think in the comments below. I read all of them. May the force be with you guys. I'll see you next time. Bye.


So, my work is around civic engagement, volunteering, and citizenship. And this work arose from the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes in Christchurch. And we had over 11,000 of our University of Canterbury students go out and perform service all across the city. And I decided it would be a really good idea to help them realize what they were learning during these experiences. So they were going out to help clean up liquefaction and help distribute water and distribute blankets and whatnot. As the classes moved on away from the earthquakes, we now go out and we work at a community garden. Or we help a preschool dig a garden. We help various community organizations in a number of ways. So now one of the things we do with the students is we challenge them to think about service in different ways. And they don't like doing that. They like to think that we are the White Hat Calvary coming in to save the day and we get them to think about things from the recipient's point of view. And we use one particular text called the Torah, which is Judaism's religious text. And the Torah has a specific section in it that ranks ways that you can help people. And so it says this is the best way, this is the worst way. Because we want students to be better engaged citizens as a result of this class and be able to think about things that they're gonna do to improve their communities. So we have a lot of fun. It's very energetic, very enthusiastic students who want to help. They want to change the world.