Good afternoon. It's a great pleasure for me to introduce for third year in a row the winners of the ESLB research prize. As the Interlector has mentioned, this is an annual prize that was established in 2014, first awarded in 2015, in the memory of Eke Banderbu, a longstanding member of European Parliament, that was also a member of the first ASC at the ESLB, the first advisory scientific committee as a, as a Euro-parliamentary, she was also defending the idea of having something like an advisory scientific committee in an institution like this. The ASC runs this prize in collaboration with the ESLB secretariat, reading and assessing the papers submitted in response to an open call. So those of you who have contact with young scholars producing research in the field of macro-pru, you should encourage them to be aware of the next call, which will come in a few months' time. The idea is to award the prize to young scholars, young in the broad sense under the age of 35, if I'm not wrong, with an auto-standing research paper on one topic or several topics related to the ASLB mission. This year, the ASC was confronted with a difficult choice. The papers were very good. We have plenty of good papers in the short list. So we deliberated. We had a couple of voting rounds with a tie. So eventually, the ASC decided to award the prize ex-equal to two winners. So you will not see one winner today, but two winners. So we will have to compress the presentations in the remaining of the time to see each of the winners. These two papers actually share been excellent pieces of empirical research on topics that, as you will discover, are clearly connected to macroprudential discussions. And in each paper, you will find an element of great originality. So I'm not going to reveal my own wording of what that element of originality is, but you will discover in the presentation of the solo authors who are winning this prize this year. So without further delay, I'm going to proceed to announce the names of the winners. I'm going to do it in a strict alphabetical order, because there will be a first and a second, but this doesn't mean that we are ranking the winners. This is ex-equal. And novelty this year is that there is a small object that is going to symbolize the prize. And I'm going to also deliver to the winner. So let me say who the first winner is in alphabetical order. This is André Silva. I think in Portuguese national. Currently an economist at the division of research and statistics of the Federal Reserve Board. And he's a winner for the submitted paper that is called strategic liquidity mismatch and financial sector stability, a paper that is now being accepted for publication in the review of finance studies. So André, please come to the podium. And I will give this prize to you with great pleasure. Our second winner, again, in alphabetical order is Guillaume Vilme, currently an associate professor of finance at ASC Paris. And his submitted paper actually had a longer title than it has. So I'm going to announce the current title of the winning paper, which is the value of central clearing. This paper is, and I think this sounds that the committee has good taste. It's now accepted for publication at the Journal of Finance. Guillaume, please come to the stage. Congratulations. Thank you, André. Thank you very much. Please take your seat. OK, so now I think that the rest of the time is for the winners to solve their achievements in these very good papers. So let's start. Let's start with André, who is yours. OK, so first of all, I'd like to thank the ESRB, Javier, and the rest of the scientific committee for the invitation to be here today. It's a great honor to receive this award and to be part of this conference. So this was my job market paper of my PhD at Cass Business School in London. But because I'm now at the Federal Reserve Board, the usual disclaimer applies. So everything I will say here are my own views and not necessarily representative views of the Federal Reserve. OK, so let me start by giving you some motivation into this paper. So as we know, since at least the seminal work by Diamond Eddick Vig, banks have a unique ability to create liquidity by financing illiquid or if you want long-maternity assets such as corporate loans with liquid or if you want short-term liabilities such as demand deposits. And crucially, this combination of lending on one side of the balance sheet and deposit taking on the other allows banks to protect firms and households against both idiosyncratic and systematic liquidity shocks. And there is also pretty evidence showing that it also helps promoting economic growth. However, there are always two sides of the same coin. And the bad news here is that due to their fundamental liquidity provision role, banks are also intrinsically fragile. So as the financial crisis a decade ago clearly shows, excessive liquidity means much can lead to bank runs, the breakdown of funds in all sales markets, as well as these three-sided sales that threaten not only the solvency of individual banks but the financial system more broadly. Now we kind of knew all these before the crisis. What is new and one of the main insights that came after the crisis from the theoretical literature in economics and finance on this issue is that this relationship between excessively good transformation activity and financial visibility can be further exacerbated when banks collectively as a group engage in strategic risk-taking behavior in the form of common portfolio choices. So I think it's important to take a step back here and try to understand, well, why would banks have an incentive to engage in collective risk-taking in the first place? And there are at least three very reasonable explanations to why this might be the case. The first are bailout guarantees, in which a bank might have an incentive to take on more risk. So for instance, by financing more and more long maturity, for instance, corporate loans with more and more short-term liabilities, if this bank observes that their competitors are doing exactly the same thing, and why is that? Because if there is a shock and one bank gets into trouble, well, probably all the other banks will get into trouble as well, because they were doing exactly the same type of risky activities. So the lender of last resort will have no alternatives, then bailing them out altogether in case of generalized distress. So this is the classical too many to fail story. This collective risk-taking can also be explained by contractual features in the compensation of bank managers. In fact, there's two recent theoretical papers show relying on relative performance valuation in compensation packages incentivizes banks to choose investments that are increasingly correlated with their peers, thereby increasing systemic risk. And importantly, while public guarantees would magnify this mechanism, RPE and associated correlated portfolio choices can still generate systemic risk, even in the absence of a lender of last resort. And finally, this collective risk-taking behavior can be driven simply by learning. Or if you want free riding and information acquisition in which a bank particularly fits small, might mimic those that things that have greater expertise. So if this channel is at play, we will observe at least in principle, small banks mimicking large banks, but not vice versa. It will not make too much sense. The key point I want to make here is that despite this extensive theoretical literature on this issue, this collective risk-taking strategies among banks have not been yet empirically tested in a convincing manner. So in case I lose you towards the middle of the presentation, this is the main thing I want you to take home. So in this paper, what I do is to show empirically that first of all, commercial banks strategically incorporate their competitors' liquidity mismatch policies when determining their own. And second, that these collective risk-taking decisions have a negative impact on financial sector stability. Okay. Why is this important? Given where I am, I don't think I need to spend too much time on this, but let me just state it for the record. So commonality in portfolio exposures as well as a reasonable high levels of liquidity transformation activity obviously increases the likelihood that banks fail altogether, which ultimately can sow the seeds for costly crisis as we all know. And this issue is particularly relevant after the crisis with both academics and policymakers questioning the efficacy of recent liquidity regulation reforms. So Javier has done some work on this. The ESRB is talking about these issues since at least 2014. The ECB has published a report in October last year, the ECB Task Force on Systemic Liquidity that again talks about these issues and the importance of regulating liquidity risk from a macro-prudential perspective. Okay. So before I tell you in a bit more detail the results in this paper, I think it's important to explain you why it's so difficult to identify these peer effects from an empirical perspective. And here, just consider a simple linear image model in which the liquidity transformation activity of a given domestic bank I that operates in country J at IMT is modeled as a function of the average liquidity transformation activity of its peers, of its competitors in the same country, as well as a bunch of controls, okay? And here the peer effects of interest will be captured by the coefficient beta basically that basically captures the influence of competitors liquidity in much positions on those of bank I. So there are at least two well-known issues that one should bear in mind. The most famous, the most important one perhaps would be that the strategic reactions are intrinsically simultaneous. So this is a classical reflection problem of Charles Muskie and here is very simple to understand. If the liquidity mismatch position of bank I is affected by that of its competitors, then the liquidity mismatch position of its competitors is also affected by that of bank I, okay? And the problem here, so in other words is that each bank affects and is affected by all the other banks in the system. So one cannot disentangle if bank I's decision is the cause or the effect of its peers' choices. The other potential issue is correlated or if you want common group effects in which banks in the same local network, in the same peer group are subject to common but unobserved shocks for the researcher that lead them to choose similar policies, okay? So here we could observe similar behavior among banks not because of any type of strategic behavior but simply because they were subject to similar shocks. So due to the absence of an experiment or even a quasi-natural experiment that I could exploit in this setting, I instead use a so-called instrumental variables approach. So basically a variable that induces variation in the dodgeness variable of interest, so the liquidity mismatch position of peer banks but that does not affect directly the outcome variable. So the liquidity mismatch position of bank I. So in a bit more detail what I do is to explore systematic differences in peer group composition. So different peer groups for different banks in the sample operating in the same country. And having this structure of connections with partially overlapping peer groups allows me to use the liquidity mismatch position of a peer as an instrument, as an IV. The question here is how? So how do banks of similar size and similar business model operating in the same country have different peer groups? So the key feature I exploit is that large cross-border banking groups tend to manage liquidity on a global scale as well as coordinate their risk management policies within the group. So it might be reasonable to assume and that this is exactly what I do in this paper that in addition to the liquidity choices of its direct competitors that operate in the same country, a foreign home subsidiary also takes into consideration the overall liquidity mismatch position of its bank holding group when determining their own. So in this bank holding group operates in a completely different country. Let me give you just very quickly this example just to illustrate. So here all these banks have similar size, similar business model, they all operate in the same country. The only difference between them is that bank A is a foreign home subsidiary and the banks C1, C2, C3 and C4 are the competitors of bank A that are purely domestic banks. So now we introduce this bank X, this bank holding company that is based in a different country but that owns the foreign home subsidiary A and now you start seeing this destruction of connections with partially overlapping peer groups. Why is that? Because any domestic bank here, so for instance bank C1 only has four peers which are the banks that are operating in the same country while a foreign home subsidiary, the bank A has both the four peers, so the four banks that operate in the same country but also considers the liquidity mismatch positions of its bank holding group that is based abroad, okay? So what this means in practice is basically that one can use this liquidity mismatch position of the bank holding group, the bank X that is based in a different country as an instrument for the liquidity mismatch position of the peers of banks C1, C2, C3 and C4, okay? The identifying assumption here is simply that a domestic bank, so for instance bank C1 should have little incentive to mimic directly the liquidity policies of a bank holding group that is based on another country and in this setting this seems to be a plausible assumption. So going back to the three main explanations that I gave you in the beginning of the presentation, so first of all within country banks have higher incentives to mimic their peers since they share the same lender of last resort. If one thinks about relative performance evaluation there's also plenty of evidence out there showing that firm select peers quite narrowly so for instance other firms in the same country and industry when setting RPE because the objective is to filter out common shocks to performance and also learning is also more likely to occur within countries where information for bank managers of small banks is more accessible and where banks share a similar regulatory and economic environment. So in terms of the other characteristics that I use to define peer groups it's a business model implicitly because I only have commercial banks in the sample as well as bank size. So I don't want to waste too much time on this because I try to be as least controversial as possible in terms of the liquidity mismatch indicators I use. So I basically use the three main measures that are out there in the literature. So the Berger and Baumol liquidity creation measure the liquidity mismatch index as well as a proxy for the net stable funding ratio. And again the sample everything is pretty standard here so I use both the cross country sample of banks operating in the OECD countries using bank level data from banks scope and an alternative sample more granular, more high frequency from the US that allows me crucially to capture liquidity created off the balance sheet that for instance in the US accounts for almost half of all liquidity created. Okay, so as promised let me go to the results. So first of all what this paper shows is that commercial banks follow the liquidity mismatch policies on their respective competitors when determining their own. The economic impact is large and consistent with the coordinated behavior where each bank constantly adjusts to each other's positions, okay. In terms of cross-session electrogeneity what I show in the paper is that these peer effects are concentrated in exalted riskier banks that have lower capital ratios, lower profit stability and lower distance to default or if you want higher default risk. And I also show in the paper that this collective risk-taking behavior is purely driven by liquidity created on the asset side of the balance sheet of course where of each lending is a key component. And finally in this first part of the results while the objective of this paper is not to tell you what is driving this collective risk-taking behavior is simply to demo, it's to be able to show you hopefully in a convincing manner that this behavior exists and the consequence of it but I still show that in my setting that small banks only follow other small banks and large banks only follow other large banks. What this means in practice is that learning or if you want free riding and information acquisition might not play a big role in this setting because as I mentioned in the beginning if this channel is at play we would observe small banks be making large banks but not vice versa. All right, so in the second part of the paper I show that strategic complementarity in banks with mismatch decision deteriorates the stability of the financial system. So first of all to analyze the direction in which these peer effects operate I first show that the response of individual banks to their peer choices is a symmetric. So MIMIC only occurs when the competitors are taking on more risk that really suggests that this behavior is indeed strategic. And then I show explicitly that these peer effects are associated with statistically and economically significant increases in default risk of individual institutions as well as systemic risk, okay? So I have 30 seconds left so let me conclude. So what do I do in this paper? I show that liquidity mismatch choices of competitors do matter for liquidity mismatch decisions of individual banks. I show that this effect is concentrated on the asset side of the balance sheet and this asymmetric. And then in terms of the consequences of all these I show that the strategic liquidity risk management decisions increase both individual banks default risk and systemic risk. And in my last 15 seconds I will just tell you what this means in terms of policy. So first of all the results this results clearly highlight the importance of regulating systemic liquidity risk from a macro-prudential perspective by for instance introducing a time-varying NSFR that operates in the contextical manner. This is nothing controversial the ESRV and the ECB already discussed this issue at length and I think this could be of value. And obviously and finally this is my last point because I run out of time the move from bailouts to credible bailings is clearly an important step to mitigate the incentives for collective risk-taking behavior even if and allow me the self-advertising the self-promotion here even if this is associated with short-term but limited negative effects to the real economy as I show in a follow-up paper this time a co-order paper exploiting in this case a quasi-natural experiment which corresponds to the failure and subsequent resolution through a veiling of a major bank in Portugal. This is all from me. Thank you. Thank you very much. Andres, thank you very much also for you exceeded the time because you were explaining the policy implications which is important in a house like this. If we have time at the end we may come back to some of them. The second you refer to self-promoting subsequent job because actually my doubt was that I couldn't see direct evidence for the second argument that let's proceed with the second winner. Guillaume, please, the floor is yours. So thank you, Ravier, and thanks a lot everyone for giving this price. So you just had a very clever paper. I'm just gonna have a very simple story but I think a very interesting story which is going to be the following. So as you know, one of the main reforms following the financial crisis is to make central clearing of derivatives mandatory in a world, as you know, central clearing is just essentially having CCP central clearing counterparties guaranteeing trades in markets for derivatives. The story I'm gonna tell you is a very interesting story which is the story of the very first derivatives clearing house in history and this CCP was created in France in 1882 in the market for coffee futures. And so what I just did is to go to some archives in Le Havre and in many other places and to try to understand why people at the time without any incentive given by regulators created the CCP's and what kind of effect it had in particular, what kind of real effects it had. And I will show you that it had very large impacts. In particular, it changed dramatically the geography of trade flows throughout Europe and after traders in coffee in Le Havre could hedge futures or could hedge inventories without counterparty risk, a lot more of the coffee trade throughout Europe was going through Le Havre and Le Havre became a much bigger harbor before, within a few years, central clearing could spread throughout Europe. Okay, so I'm just gonna tell you essentially the story in a second. So of course what you should have in mind here is all this region of the north of Europe, what the people in the geography called the Northern Range, you know with a lot of large harbors at the time, London, Liverpool, Le Havre, Antwerp, Rotterdam, Hamburg, all of these are large harbors at the time, it's actually the most active trade area worldwide at the time. Free trade is quite general, steam boats are replacing sailboats, so trade is booming, and the key feature of the coffee market which I'm studying, which is very important is the following, is that at the time a very large part of the coffee in the world is produced in one country which is Brazil, and so it all comes within a few weeks during the year. So you need dealers to hold large inventories of coffee for the full year and to cater slowly to consumption for one year, and so of course as any dealer in the market that has to hold big inventories, those inventories are exposed to some price risk and so there is some demand for hedging those inventories, okay. And so what had happened for centuries is that you have had forwards and then futures that people were using to hedge those inventories. And the key thing is that before these events, before CCP's, how people were trading those forwards or those futures? Typically there was very little collateral, so how could I trust Ravier or André if I enter a future with them? Well typically Ravier would be in a family which would have been in the coffee business for one century, so his name would be very well known in some harbor, and so I would know that most likely he's not gonna burst tomorrow because he has been around for many, many years, many decades, sometimes several centuries. And so reputation was a substitute for collateral, there was very little collateral. And so what happens, and which gave rise to central clearing is that in 1880, there is a very big crisis worldwide starting in the US and spreading through Europe and several of the main dealers in the US failed very almost simultaneously within a few weeks and so all this system based on reputation collapses. Suddenly I don't know if I can trust Ravier anymore because other big dealers have failed. And so people everywhere start to look for ways to restart trade and so traders in Le Havre come up with this institution which would become central clearing counterparties. And what is quite fascinating is that the way it worked at the time is almost exactly the way it works today. So before I had a bilateral contract with Ravier, now we have a CCP becoming the direct counterparty to me and to Ravier, this is exactly how it works today. More interestingly, how would the counterparty guarantee or ensure each of us against counterparty risk? It would collect margins, both initial margins and the variation margins exactly as they do today, okay? And if Ravier or me fail on paying a margin call, then the CCP would liquidate the position exactly as they do today. And one difference, if the CCP liquidating Ravier on my position creates a loss, all of the loss would be borne by the equity holders of the CCP. Today typically we would have more complex loss sharing mechanisms, the so-called default waterfall, okay? And so this CCP starts operating in 1882. What is very interesting is that it's a completely private initiative. It's really the traders and the dealers in Le Havre coming together at the Chamber of Commerce and coming up with this, there was zero regulatory incentive at the time. And so the key innovation is really this idea that there is one institution that becomes the direct counterparty to both traders of coffee futures. Okay, so what I could find is first, so I went to probably 20 different archives. So a lot of institutional data, minutes from a general assembly, a lot of futures market data, so all of the prices every day in this market, some information of the identity of the traders. And most importantly, what I do is that I go to the customs archives of eight or nine European countries. And for each, within each of them, I reconstruct trade flows in coffee and in many other commodities, harbor by harbor and between pairs of countries. Okay, and I have the following coverage of countries, Belgium, France, and so on. Okay, and so what I'm gonna do, I don't need to look at this. What I'm doing is extremely simple.  I'm simply comparing how much coffee goes to Le Havre with how much coffee goes to other harbors where there is no central clearing house. And within Le Havre, I'm going to compare coffee which benefits from this insulation against counter-party risk with other coffee like sugar, tea, vanilla, whatever, tobacco, where you don't have any of this central clearing, okay? And so the control group which I'm gonna use to compare coffee with is what you see written at the time as colonial commodity. So these are, as I said, sugar, cocoa, and so on. And I will look at trade flows six years before and six years after around this event, okay? So I start at the within France and I have the data from 22 different customs in France. So most of them are harbors, but not all of them are harbors where coffee can enter France. And I'm gonna compare, well, how does that change? What is the share of coffee entering France within Le Havre before and after 1882 relative to all other harbors and to all other commodities? And so the basic number to look at is 0.111 top left which is essentially telling you after central clearing comes in place, there is an increase by 11 percentage points in the share of all the coffee imports of France that comes through Le Havre relative to other harbors. So France imports not more coffee in volume, but a bigger share of it comes through the harbors where now dealers can hedge their inventories without counter-party risk. And what is interesting is that it's not that suddenly people in Le Havre start to drink more coffee, not at all. I actually have statistics on stocks, so they store more coffees and they actually re-export more of these coffees. So it's not that it's really that they become a hub for holding inventories because now they can hedge them without inventory risk. It's not that they consume more coffee. Then I do, what is interesting is that actually they also introduce it for cotton. So you also have the same results basically for cotton. And then I do the same regression, Europe wide. So I'm gonna go there. So I have, how many? Seven regressions for seven different European countries. And what I'm looking at is exactly the same thing. What is the share of their coffee imports in Belgium, Germany, and so on that comes from France relative to other countries? And this share again increases significantly after central clearing is in place in France. So this shows us that we really have real effects in terms of re-shuffling completely, trade flows throughout Europe. I also have a lot of narrative evidence that this was going on. And what is perhaps more interesting is that of course within a few years other countries realized that Le Havre was really taking over in terms of the coffee trade. And so they wanted to imitate and to also introduce central clearing. And within a period of 10 years we have about 10 other harbors in Europe that also introduce central clearing including Hamburg, which was the main competitor of Le Havre at the time, but many others in other commodities. And actually it's a very interesting historical period because out of those CCPs not all of them succeeded. Some failed really quickly. So there is a lot of interesting events in terms of the design of the CCP which differed across all of the CCPs at the time. So that's about it. So then I have a number of alternative tests which I'm not gonna show but which I'm gonna discuss very briefly for the time, which is to say, well, what is really the mechanism? What really did the CCP do? And so if I come back to my example with Ravier, the problem is that before, you know, there is reputation, Ravier has reputation, André has no reputation. So I want to trade with those who have the best reputation, so I want to trade with Ravier. But then there is this crisis and I don't really know anymore who is a good quality counterparty, who is a bad quality counterparty. So there is what we could call in economics a pulling equilibrium. I cannot distinguish anymore who is good and who is bad. And so the argument is what the CCP really does is by requiring members to post high margins and the margin requirements are actually quite high. It will allow us to separate the types, to separate again the good types from the bad types. And only those who will have sufficient financial resources to pay those margins will be able to enter the CCP. And from this situation where I cannot distinguish anymore who is good and who is bad, I will be able to separate again only the one with sufficiently many resources will be able to join the CCP and to trade in the CCP. And there is actually a lot of evidence that lower quality counterparties are complaining a lot about those margins because they were finding very hard to continue trading in the market afterwards. And the last thing I want to show is that another impact which was probably completely unintended is that it made markets a lot more competitive. Why is that? Well, before if I trade only based on reputation establishing the reputation of having been in the coffee business for one century takes a lot of time. It takes maybe one century to build. And of course, if Andre has never been in the coffee business he will not really be able to enter and to build this reputation. Even if he is very good. Now that he just needs to post sufficient margin he doesn't need any pre-existing reputation to be able to enter the market. He just needs sufficient financial resources to pay the margin cost. And so what we see afterwards is a quite significant entry into the market because of new traders suggesting that now that trading becomes more anonymous in a sense just based on margins. Entry is actually a lot easier in this market. So just to conclude a bit ahead of time because we are late as I understand. So what I show is essentially that central clearing reshaped trade flows Europe wide at the time. So it had very significant real effect and one of the main mechanism is because it reduced adverse selection and mitigated some information problems. It made it easier to separate again good and bad types. That said, most of you are policy makers. I don't think there are any implications unfortunately of this for the assessment of current reforms. The main reason is that clearing at the time was voluntary, now it's mandatory. And so of course the incentive structure may be very different. Both are of course very interesting to study but I don't want to push it too far. I think it's interesting enough like this. Thank you very much. Thank you very much, John. So I think your focus on the coffee market is sort of a perfect introduction for our coffee break. And we were taking a little bit of extra time to start. I'm tempted to, well, let the audience judge on the originality grounds but I was mentioning that yes, if any of you has been sleepy before our coffee. In the first paper there is this exploitation of the overlap of ownership of group banks and then introduction different domestic markets to create this original instrumental variable for identification of otherwise very tricky to identify network effects that I think was very clear in the presentation. In Guillaume's paper there is this huge investment in historical sources and this originality bonus in trying to look at the CCP's of the old days and it's quite amazing to discover the essence of the economics behind is to be so similar to the ones that somehow you started mentioning the crisis of 1880 and they move into compulsory clearing. Central clearing was a reaction to another financial crisis. When the repo and other derivatives market went into crisis we reacted somehow like this little market in France well not so little market in France reacted at much more innovative historical times. If you any of you had something. There was a debate in the French parliament on mandatory clearing in 1900. There was a crisis in the wool market and there is a big report written by the French parliament a century ago, about 120 years ago, discussing mandatory central clearing. Interesting, so it sounds like... It didn't go through at the time but there is really a big... Because of course what is missing from your particular example is the sort of system-wide motivation. I guess the creators of the CCP were essentially self-interested and with great success. When we in Europe introduced mandatory clearing the feeling was that the system was gonna work better. Why the agents were not converging to the private solution by themselves? The answer is the externality. Spill overs and the first paper topic. Unfortunately no more time for the discussion. So thanks again, thank you very much. You are established a very high bar for the next years. Thank you.


As-salamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh, what a scene MashaAllah tabarak Allah may Allah preserve and protect all of you for coming out and being a part of this wonderful program and of course Dr. Rania, Sada Fadwa, Sada Shamera, the entire Rahmah Foundation for hosting and facilitating these beautiful programs and honoring all of us, alhamdulillah. I wanted to, before I jump into my presentation, just I have a disclaimer. The presentation I'm going to present is going to actually wake us all up. So I'm going to kindly ask that young children be asked to leave because it's pretty intense content and I don't want any, you know, children to be affected by what I'm going to share. So if you could please take younger children out, if they're asleep obviously inshallah that's fine but just I think it was 14 plus right is what I was told. Yeah. So Bismillah. I do have slides as you can see here and I apologize in advance if you see any typos. I am on like two hours of sleep and I was trying to put these together so I was telling you Sada Fadwa that I was nodding off. So if you see typos just ignore them inshallah. We'll do better inshallah next time but the, as we know we are about to, as Dr. Rene mentioned, we're knocking on the doors of the last 10 nights. And something that occurred to me, subhanallah, is that as we start the month of Ramadhan we know that the first 10 days are the days of or nights of mercy, correct? So and then the middle is forgiveness and then the last 10 days are of course seeking refuge from the fire. And so it occurred to me that subhanallah, in the beginning of the month he eases us into the month right with mercy. And then it starts to get a little uncomfortable because to focus on forgiveness requires honesty, requires transparency, requires really digging deep and looking at oneself with that lens of real honesty and critique or critically I should say. And that's uncomfortable for some of us. We don't really want to face those things that we may have been buried all along. And then subhanallah we get to the end of the month and even though the fast is getting easier, physically we're kind of acclimated, we're used to it, the schedule, the lack of caffeine, the sleeplessness, we're used to it physically but then emotionally and spiritually it's actually becoming more constricting, right? Because to think about the fire I think for a lot of people is also uncomfortable. We tend to lean on which we should, the mercy of Allah swt and thinking always of the rewards awaiting us. So to actually completely focus on something that maybe is a little bit, you know, it's more intimidating, it's more constricting, it's hard but we're supposed to be doing that. So that's where inshallah this presentation hopefully will take us through this concept of how to seek protection from the fire inshallah in the last ten nights. So Bismillah what that said, I want to ask a few questions here. Like first of all, what is the fire, right? Some of us may have an idea, you know, of this scorching terrible, you know, place because it is a living place but we may not really understand the descriptions or may not read, have read the descriptions. So just to have a little bit more detail about what the fire is, here is a verse where Allah swt is actually warning us, Audhu Billahi min al shaytan al rajim. He says, Oh you who believe, save yourselves and your families from a fire whose fuel is men and stones over which are appointed angels stern and severe who disobey not from executing the commands they receive from Allah but do that which they are commanded. So right away we understand that this is obviously a place that is real, it's in existence even as we speak and it will have this life in a sense that it has an appetite for men and stones and it communicates that and there are other verses where the fire is actually calling and in a way communicating.  It lets nothing remain and leaves nothing unburned, scorching the skin. Over it are 19 angels. Again these are I mean obviously terrifying for a reason because we're supposed to really think about what we need to do to avoid being anywhere near it, having any sense of it because it has a you know there's a there's a smell to it, there's a you know there's there's our senses can perceive it so we don't want any part of this right and so we need to understand that it is a very intense reality and so the verses is painful and as uncomfortable as it is we we should read them and contemplate them and then think deeply. I'm actually reminded just last night I believe no the night before I was on a um I think it was last night sorry my memory is so off because I'm on such little sleep but a couple last night I was on a celebrate mercy talk with Dr. Asad Tarsin and Sheikh Moslem of Hermel and we were also going over just 19 Surat Furqan and Dr. Asad brought up some verses that were very terrifying because they the same you know as we're reading there were these images that I hadn't really thought of until he mentioned them but in one of the verses he talked about how actually I'll read I did I have it here so let me read it here he says this is the Surat Furqan verse 25 so it's talking actually about the unfolding of the day of judgment and what's going to happen it's very rapid a lot of the scenes that we read in the Quran just reflect the intensity of that day and then what happens afterwards so he said Allah Almighty says watch for the day the heavens will burst with clouds and the angels will be sent down in successive ranks true authority on that day will belong only to the most compassionate and it will be a hard day for the disbelievers and then and beware of the day the wrong doer will bite his nails in regret and say oh I wish I had followed the way along with the messenger woe to me I wish I had never taken so-and-so as a close friend it was he who truly made me stray from the reminder after it had reached me and satan always betrayed humanity and then it goes on but that image of you know a person who's a wrong doer a disbeliever biting their nails this is you know did it go out sorry so that image right of a person biting their nails in regret we talked a little bit about that and it's just so humid right the experience of you know we've done that I'm sure when we you know it's something that we do when we're regretful of something but to imagine that people on that day will be filled with so much regret for their wrongdoings and then of course the scapegoating blaming their companions so it's this chaotic scene that unfolds and you know we if we're not reading these verses and almost not imagining them then we're forgetting that you know these are real things that are going to happen and we need to seek protection for ourselves and our family from ever being a part of those scenes right and so that's where the it's so necessary to contemplate on these verses because as intense as I said and uh and comfortable as they are we want to not be a part of them we want to have nothing to do with them so when we read these scenes like this you know scorching of the skin Allah protect every one of us in our loved ones from ever experiencing anything like that and this is again begs the question now how can we protect ourselves what do we need to do well we need to know what the fire is for right it's the fuel of it is men in stones which people is the calls does the fire call for so we do have in the various verses of the Quran I was finally described as different people who will be punished because of their you know different actions so the disbelievers those are obvious the hypocrites of course are in the lowest parts of hell but then there are other groups that are a little bit more generalized right so the arrogant deniers of truth sinners and criminals unjust oppressors those who proudly disobey Allah so this is where again this is more general sinning as we know is you know we all are sinners but those who sin and then brag about them they share their sins openly this is a different degree that we really have to ask Allah's father for forgiveness for if we've ever shared our sins openly if we've ever been proud of our sins or displayed them now with social media and this you know the culture around us there is a lot of this you know open sin sinfulness whereas before people had at least some degree of modesty of shame so proudly disobeying Allah tyrants murders again these are groups that are obvious to us but then those who persecute the believers those who prefer the world and neglect the hereafter so those with hubba dunya again many of us may fall into these categories we were we're chasing dunya we're heedless we're in ghaflah and in ramadan obviously you know alhamdulillah we're obviously all here there is a degree of awareness we're a little bit more aware of ourselves but if we relapse and we start to regress as soon as the month is over and we find ourselves abandoning the prayer abandoning the book of Allah abandoning our worship no longer you know taking inventory of our of what comes out of our mouth what the words that we say what we're putting into our hearts and our you know our vessels and hearts what we're listening to what we're watching if we're not doing that then we're going to slip right back into that state of rafla and may Allah again forgive us because if we leave the world in that state we don't know our ultimate fate but of course we we always have the highest opinion of Allah that he is the most forgiving the most compassionate especially towards the believers but generally speaking none of us should feel safe and that's really why the emphasis in the last 10 nights is to think about the fire because just because we're fasting just because we're praying just because we're reading Quran and we're standing for qiyam and we're praying to hajj and we're coming to the masjid does not ensure any of us safety and the moment we start to think that our deeds are going to be the insurance that protects us from the fire that is actually a very dangerous sign so reading into these verses and contemplating the different categories of people who will be punished it's really good for the nefs it's good for the soul to humble ourselves that perhaps because we don't know our end perhaps you know if Allah if if we you know continue to be neglectful if we continue to fail to heed the warnings we may find ourselves in any of these categories and in order to prevent that of course that's where we'll get to in a moment what we need to do proactively but again recognizing these categories cruel proud and arrogant people so if you've ever been cruel think about you know who that may apply to there are you know people in our community that struggle with anger and they have an anger management problem this can be shown to their family members it can be shown to strangers you know on the road or or you know in service people blow up and this is a very common problem now where people just you know they can't handle their own maybe pressures and whatever's going on with themselves personally and then they take it out on innocent people you know you go to a restaurant someone doesn't serve you and all of a sudden you're exploding you're calling customer service you're cleaning you're just this person who's trying to always get someone why because maybe there's things you haven't worked out so if you have that tendency to let your anger overcome you this is something to again be mindful of because cruelty and and injustice in that way has no place in the heart of the believer treacherous people traders liars gossipers and tail-bearers people who lie deceive gossip we know about how odious back-biting is it's akin to cannibalism literally in the foreign a lost partner likens to cannibalism so if we're gossiping we're talking about so-and-so's marriage or so-and-so's divorce or so-and-so's moving from here to there and so-and-so's husband lost her job and can you believe so-and-so husband did this or wife did this why why do we care why do we care about anybody else's personal life at least you know this is a sign of again a person it's a sign of spiritual disease the prophesies that I'm warned that the one who is you know busy with with with other people it's better for you to be preoccupied with your own problems than to worry about other people and then we also know that very clear hadith where he tells us part of the beauty of one's islam is that you leave that which does not concern you so you literally mind your own business but if we're gossiping and we're taking these things lightly we don't we're not realizing that we could very well be landing ourselves in a very very compromised position again what yeah that but that those who neglect their prayers very important that if we don't wake up to the reality that the prayer is the most fundamental thing that we do there is nothing more important than your salah and my salah nothing nothing more important if you and I you know I had a sister mashallah I remember may Allah bless her I spoke with her actually this past weekend she came up to me and I don't know if she's here but may Allah bless her because last year she came to a halakha and she was just sharing that she had a very difficult time with managing her worship and her work and so we were talking about how to logistically fix that she said that you know it's hard for her to get to her worship because she has so much work to do so I just gave her an assiha and I said well maybe you have to switch it maybe you have to do your worship first and then get to your work it's just a very simple nasiha I didn't think much of it I just gave the advice that we've been given plan your life around your prayer not the other way around so alhamdulillah when I saw her this past weekend she came up to me and she was just she just said it she said I have to say something to you it's actually thank you you know you gave me this advice last year that completely changed my life subhanAllah just some simple words it's a paradigm shift right because a lot of us are so focused on raising our children taking care of our parents if we have elderly parents you know paying the bills going to work going to school and we keep putting all these things on our you know I mean there's it's just this never ending to do list never ending list of responsibilities we have and then we plug in prayer whenever it's convenient and then we wonder why we're never at peace it's a formula that is it's destined to fail you will never find peace if you're going to do that whereas when you prioritize Allah subhanAllah and then plan your life you find that Allah will give you tofiq he'll expand your time you'll suddenly happy so that's what she experienced she said this past year alhamdulillah that's what she did she started to wake up early do her tahajjud do her fajr prayer get her ibadah in and then she started her work and she said everything changed for her and she was just very happy to report this change alhamdulillah wa shukrullah so these are very real experiences but again many of us in Ramadan we're on top of our prayers we have a full 30 days Allah is showing us we're very capable of doing it but what happens as soon as the month is over something goes wrong because it we're not afraid enough and that's where when you read that you know the the the punishment does anyone know i remember reading this a long time ago and it always stayed with me does anyone know the punishment of missing one prayer without a good reason what it is it is i think it's called either a laqab or a haqab i can't remember the arabic term but it's basically a period of 80 years of torment in the fire for missing a prayer without a valid reason so just be like oh i'm lazy or oops oops i miss fajr oops i guess i'll just do it tomorrow or maybe maybe out of the left if you miss fajr and you wake up without a sense of panic like ya Allah i like regret like deep deep fear there's something wrong because yes we're human yes the alarm may not have gone off that's that that's those are all things that we don't need to make a case Allah knows what happened it's the state of our hearts that we want to present to our creator when we come into the realization when we wake up from that sleep state it's the state that you present to your creator and regret should be the number one state jumping up from bed running to the bathroom and making will do it even if it's 10 minutes late 20 minutes late it doesn't matter because you want to show your creator that you're so remorseful that even though you were sleeping it wasn't intentional the idea that you missed the call of prayer that you missed the opportunity to worship your creator as he so deserves is enough to put you in a state to induce a state of panic and terror and fear in your heart if that's not happening and you're just like oh well or as we've talked about before missing you know prayers because oh i have a wedding to go to this is probably one of the things that i just will never understand love protect our hearts and forgive us forever ever ever thinking that a social event even a celebratory event is a good enough excuse to miss worshiping your creator like oh i have this you know big heavy fancy dress and makeup it's you know a low will understand but this is the kind of you know illogic uh and excuses that the nefs will make so these are the types of warnings we have to heed and again when we read the different descriptions that one i mean i should have maybe highlighted that because i think it's the most relatable we have a problem of people you know and i know and i'm sure dr any knows and many of the other teachers here know this is a struggle that a lot of us have is not being on top of our prayers so if we take anything from when we read the descriptions of the fire it is that is the most important way to protect ourselves manage your prayers do anything and everything you can to make sure you're doing your prayers on time anything and everything there's really no excuse whatever you need to do whatever you need to do i say that well lucky with no equivocation i'm not there's no exaggeration there whatever you need to do to fix your prayer do it whatever you need if you need five alarms ten alarms do it because it is the number one thing we're going to be asked about on the day of judgment if you're hustling if you're taking care of your kids all those things are great they're masha'Allah amazing deeds but they're not going to measure up on the scales if you're missing your salah they're just not you could be serving the umma you could be out there working in soup kitchens and feeding the homeless you could be traveling all over the world but if you're neglectful over your prayers it's not going to measure up so get on top of your prayers and make sure after i mean right now we should all have that niyah that inshallah as long as i live and breathe i will never ever abandon my prayers and i will never take lightly missing a prayer ever like i will never do that i will always feel the weight of missing prayers and may Allah guide us to really take our prayers seriously obscene and perverse uh pervert you know anything that's perverse if you're an obscene person what does that mean dirty jokes why are we telling dirty jokes why are we watching inappropriate material like comedians who are foul and disgusting why do we watch television programs and films that talk about things that are crude this is so reprehensible we are supposed to be the hallmark quality of the believers not just women men and women is modesty is hayat so if we are wearing our hijabs but then i mean it's final others you know programs and um you know all these social media accounts now may Allah guide our umma of women in hijab full hijab talking about very inappropriate things with men on podcast episodes what is happening what is happening in our umma where single men and women they're not even married are having these what intellectual discussions about intimacy in the bedroom with with non-mahram men what is happening aul ibn la this is not part of our dean we we have boundaries of what to talk about what's appropriate what's not appropriate foul jokes cursing music that's inappropriate topics that are inappropriate are haram they're in the category of haram so to be very aware of that and not make excuses if we do these things we again compromise our position and that's why we have to heed these warnings adulterers and cheaters you'd be surprised how common aul ibn la this is in our community may Allah guide us may Allah protect us if you are single make dua Allah subhana brings you a righteous spouse to protect you from falling into zina if you are married guard your chastity guard your modesty lower your gaze do not take it lightly talking with the opposite gender it is not a light thing to do if you work i mean i i've i've heard enough stories in my lifetime may Allah again protect our hearts and protect our marriages and protect our homes and protect our families because shaytan is out for us he knows especially in this day and age that the muslim community being the last maybe community that really preserves marriage and family he's coming for us he is coming for our community he's already broken on many other communities apart they don't even have they don't even take marriage seriously alhamdulillah we're still marrying but if we're marrying and then we're being lucy goosey you know we're we're interacting with the opposite gender in a way that is unbecoming inappropriate out of the love so we have to take these things very seriously to guard our chastity to guard our modesty lower our gaze when you're speaking with brothers if you are again single don't put yourself in that situation of you know of attracting that type of attention uh just because you know you if you want to get married do it the right way make da'a ask Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala the only way you will have any of us is asking Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala it's not going and putting yourself out there getting dressed up wearing a lot of makeup putting on very tight fitting clothing walking around with very sexualized energy this is not the way to do it and if we do these things may Allah forgive us it's not the end for us obviously there's always hope but we have to turn that around and the way that we turn that around is to adopt the the the necessary comportment the necessary disposition of a believer not just a believing woman because again these are rules for both men and women a believer is modest a believer does not put themselves out there in that way those who take usury those who practice sorcery and magic and i don't know what the last one was those who maybe they would leave that blank manila forgive and protect all of us subhanahu wa ta'ala but there are many categories right and i just wanted to share when the prophecy said him went on israq one miraj we know that he was given uh and he saw a lot of things that really disturbed him that really troubled him um and among them right were very clear descriptions and if you haven't read these hadith i encourage you to read them because they're terrifying right here the prophecy said when i was taken on my night journey i passed by people who had metal hooks in their hands and they were clawing at their faces and necks just imagine that it's it's it's i just can't imagine it i said who are these people jibreel jibreel islam said these are the ones who eat the flesh of people and attack their honor so for those who gossip for those who like to spread lies all the bilal this is what our faith will be may god protect all of us and forgive any one of us who's ever spoken ill of another person behind their back i saw some men on the night of my session whose lips were being sheared by scissors of fire i said oh jibreel who are these people preachers from your nation who commanded people to be righteous and they forgot it themselves yet they recited the book will they not reason this is for those of us who are in a teaching position we have to heed these warnings may Allah forgive us forever coming and sharing or you know calling people to things that we don't ourselves do this would be the ultimate sign of hypocrisy but these warnings are there for us to to really think about i saw a dream at night which two men came to me they said they said the one who's face you saw being torn away was a great liar who would tell a lie and it would be carried until it reaches the horizons this will be done to him until the day of resurrection stuck for a while again having your face being ripped apart because you are a liar and there's many very very graphic descriptions of the torments of people specific people dragged on their face you know things happening to them all of it's not you know the process and he was but she had one of the it he came to warn us not to just you know give us these gory descriptions so that we go oh that's so scary no it's actually y'all love please don't let me be a part of ever that scene witness it or be a part of it y'all protect me my loved ones and to really take that seriously because if you think that you couldn't be like it's you're otherizing and it's like oh that's not going to happen to me that's the first sign of delusion we should all be terrified at one point he saw a big bull with horns come out a small hole but then he struggled to go back down in it so this is a more descriptive scene of this uh bull that's trying to go through this hole um and it couldn't and then when the process of attribute what it was he said words that had been uttered but could not be taken back that's such a powerful you know um what's the word not metaphor but visual of what is it thank you imagery of words that are said that can't be taken back many of us say things that are so hurtful that are so painful if you cut someone down whether it's a relative your sibling your you know your spouse your child because you have a razor sharp tongue heed this warning and ask all the sponsors to forgive you if you've ever emasculated someone you know we know women we know how to do it i know i know how to do it i'll let me i admit i admit it i can we can do it you see men are very you know they're fragile their egos are you could easily just take one little thing just cut them into shreds if you wanted to if you have that capacity and i know we all know how to do it don't i thought you don't but if you've ever done it may Allah forgive all of us forever going there or you know hurting anybody our siblings friends sometimes we say things because we're we're passive aggressive you know we're we're burying resentment we don't know how to cope with certain things so we just weaponize our words and we hurt people and if we've ever done that we should really take that seriously and ask Allah to forgive the harms of our tongue and whether we know it or not sometimes we do it and we don't we're not even aware of it and that's why comprehensive is stuff that is the sins that i've done that i'm aware of and that i'm not aware of big and small be very comprehensive when you make a toba for these things um and i'm sorry i know i might be out of time i'm just going to go through the rest of these quickly this is also really i mean i'd really encourage you to read the descriptions of surat al-qaf about the day of judgment and the trumpet being blown and what will happen it's just that the imagery is so powerful but i wanted to share so i'll i'll try to go through these quickly and the trumpet will be blown this is the day you were warned of if we're reading the verses Allah swt gave us the warning but if we're not going to read them we're not going to pay them much attention we're just going to focus on jannah which of course is we should do that too but they it's a balance that we have to maintain so Allah's warning us and every soul will come with it a driver and a witness there's two angels one that drives us to our judgment and then a witness who will stand to bear witness to the judgment it will be said you were certainly unmindful of this and now we have removed from you your cover so your sight this day is sharp so this is exactly what i'm talking about our you know our reluctance to actually be mindful of these punishments we don't want to read them it's uncomfortable Allah's telling us we're certainly unmindful now the veil has been removed you're gonna see it all


So I'm here for more systems and we're going to dive into syncing on FreeNAS and how to set it up manually. I just did a video on syncing I'll be leaving a link to that where I dive deeper into it I just wanted to focus today on how to set up manually inside of FreeNAS. If you'd like to learn more about me or my company however to laurancesystems.com if you like to hire a sharp project there's a hire us button up at the top if you want to support this channel in other ways There's some affiliate links down below to get you deals and discounts on products and services We talk about on this channel So I'm not going to dive into all the intricacies of syncing I'll leave a link to the video where I do but yes It's private encrypted authenticated fully open source and free and an awesome plug-in to use on FreeNAS But the official plug-in which is I have running right here, and I loaded it as of today This is the latest version of FreeNAS 11.3 U2. It is April of 2020 so this is all current and this is I just loaded this today And the way it sets up is not with an s HTTP 192 1683 8 colon 8384 slash same thing the official plug-in sets up with the reverse proxy why am I bringing it up? Well the challenge with doing it that way is if you go into any of the settings you notice the Listening port is local hosts and people go. Oh, I can just change that well It gets a little bit more complicated in that because it's running through engine X any changes you have to make here or do Make here you'll have to also go into the plug-in and modify engine X and obviously this may be Problematic because you want to run it in a secure mode. You want to run it with Authenticated users, but each one of these are passing through engine X and to me This is a little bit more complicated of a way, but maybe you'll find my other way I'm going to show you complicated What we're going to do is set this up and then use SSH port forwarding to gain access to it But we're going to do it 100% manually and I'll show you how to manually set up a jail inside of FreeNAS This is going to give you the flexibility and once you've mainly gone in there You do have the option at that point and you can bind it to that external IP address So there's two ways to do it whether you leave it bound to that IP address or not, and I'll show you This is the one that I'm actually doing for my business docs graphics server backups And yes, it updates my studio videos And from here it is completely bound to the external IP address that was assigned through DHCP So I went to the system settings And you can see I have it bound to 0 0 0 8 3 4 each bound all there And I have an authenticated user of time and I set a password on this one I'm going to show you how to do it this way or you can use to use the forwarding which I mentioned in my previous video So I'm going to show you both ways, but how to set it up manually. It's actually not that hard to do So we'll go ahead and close all these and I'll just show you how to map the data in here as I know that's a question people run into and have problems with So I'll stop this plugin. I don't really need it I just loaded it to show you that it works the default setup works But please note any changes you make within there will cause issues in terms of You have to modify the engine X system as well because of the reverse proxy. So how do you build a manual jail? So let's go ahead and just build a manual jail. Let's click add This will we'll call sink thing YouTube Jail type clone jail release just choose the latest I was going to go ahead and hit next I Want it to be DHCP It works to me better to set things up as DHCP and the reason why is because once it set up DHCP I'll go in make a DHCP as reservation for it. I have everything set up as DHCP with reservations in my PfSense from a standpoint of Manageability it makes it easy to list out all the IP addresses and if I had to change a bunch of them I don't have to log into a bunch of devices and change static addresses I modify all the tables and pfSense my pfSense is pretty much always up and running if it's not well I don't have internet. So it's usually a priority to keep it up and running. Therefore. That's my preference But yes someone who is going to ask about manual configuration for De that it is completely possible. Yes, you can do it. I'm just not going to dive into that for this topic all right, so the jail is up and running so we have an IP address of this and We can do a couple different things from here I say a couple different things because you can go into the shell here and do the commands I'm going to run. I just find it less convenient to do this. So I'm going to show you how to do the Shell from the command line and how to get into this So we're going to go ahead and exit out of it, but that if you don't have SSH or something you can completely do this in that little Window there where you just open up a shell. So here's the IP address of it and the GL name is sync thing YouTube So what we're going to do is go over here and we're going to make this bigger I'm gonna choose the bigger profiles. I sometimes I forget to do that I know it helps people when you are trying to watch what I'm doing but all these commands and everything will be in my Form so I'll leave a link just like it with the other videos where I walk through all the commands So you can copy and paste them yourself make your life easy So we're going to SSH into the free NAS box that we're running this on and then we're gonna go IO cage we're going up the console this way and It's syncing YouTube so I okay each console and And now that brings me and basically attaches me to that so I guess it's the same thing as opening up the shell there And then from here now we're gonna set up syncing manually and we're gonna set up the packages manually on here So what we're gonna do is do a package update Make sure we have the latest package update in here. So yes Now we're doing this inside of a GL not actually inside of the main Free NAS system. I've heard people ask about can you do this inside the free NAS system itself? That's a terrible idea. Don't do that. I think it may work There's probably someone who has some right up on it do it inside a GL There's jails for a reason this keeps them locked down and separate from the main operating system All right, all the packages are up to date. Let's install syncing It's gonna grab and download syncing and install that into the jail Now please note and we'll address this later Syncing was added as a user with 983. That's important And that's because when we set the permissions for the mount points We'll show you that I've already got a user created for user 983 because I already have other jails running a sync thing It does create the same user each time so you can do that and just create the permissions when we get to that part But that's where that information came from later that we'll use I was gonna paste in the commands because now what we want to do is we want to enable sync thing So it's sysrc sync thing underscore enable equals. Yes, like I said these commands will be in the forums And I want to be able to SSH into this for convenience and to do the wrapping part So now we're gonna go ahead and SSH D enable yes so that allows us to do SSH and What we're going to do is look at RC.conf and confirm those things are in there. So sync thing enable. Yes, SSD enable Yes, so you want to make sure both of those are Enabled that means they start up when the system starts up now comes a little bit of complicated part if you're not familiar with Vim or Vi It's not too hard to do but want it SSH SSHD config so we want to edit the SSHD config and Slash permit root Which is right here We're going to Change this to yes, because we want to allow root to log in You know we change it back later probably good for security reasons that you do But we do want root to log in for the setup of this and later on you can lock it back down because once this is all configured You may not need to go back into it and you can also set key login I'm not gonna dive too much into but you can look up how to strengthen SSH Usually not logging in as root is one of them also make sure you to choose like key authentication only that's important Now there is no password on root as in none at all But doesn't mean you can log in but you can't because you can't log in with a blank password So we're gonna change a password for root. All right now. We have a password set for root We're gonna exit And what we're gonna do now is instead of going and counseling and we're going to just restart the service Because that'll make sure everything starts up and that restarts this particular jail All right got the same IP address. So now we're gonna go into it and We can see that we have sync thing running and we have SSHD running awesome. Those are the two things we need That's pretty much it for getting that part set up now We can actually exit exit and go right into here And if you remember the IP address we can actually log right into it now and when we log into it we want to log into it with the These functions right here. So we're gonna SSH dash L for local to local port 8,000 Because I already have a three four running sync thing on my local computer This wraps the port eight three four binds it to because by default it binds the local host here eight three four And we're going to do root at the IP address to log into this system here. So, oh I've already used this before for other demos. So hold on You shouldn't get that error Yes They've been the password reset and away we go now I could of course from here to load my SSH keys and make automatic login, but you know, not a big deal there It's other options. I'm not gonna get too much into SSH management But you can find plain information on that but what we did was we know sync things running We have it set up on here and we went and we're gonna open up Firefox So I have another browser opened up I'll go ahead and say yes to an anonymous usage statistics and away we go I now have access to my device now from here We can go to the actions settings and if we don't want to keep doing this SSH thing we can change this to 000 Tom all right pretty simple and save It's gonna give you an error about the director of Christians will get to that in a second now We're still logged into local host, but now we can actually type in 8384 make sure you get the IP address so 192 1683.177 the IP address of that particular jail And now we're logged in now. The last thing is obviously I didn't do it with secure But let's go ahead and fix that real quick. I will go back over here to settings And we'll check the little box here the color scheme makes it hard to see that box But if we check the use this for that it's gonna restart again Accept and continue and now we're logged in using HTP as simple as that now I can directly get to this as needed now from here for some security standpoint Yeah, maybe you want to turn off you can even completely turn off SSH as you're not needing it anymore Or turn off root login, you know for extra security lock it down because now you don't need to log in and do the tunneling anymore You now have easy access now one other side note to this and let's go ahead and break this connection Is if we go back into the jail just SSH back into it user local Let's see sync thing is where the config file is and then from here You can actually take a look and go into the config.xml. Whoops By not them and you could have manually done all this as well in here So if you wanted to manually change things without doing some of the other steps, that's completely optional here you can just go to the GUI enabled and Set each of these here and manually set like I said each function actually you probably start with not putting a password in I'm gonna put the password in so it does the hashing and everything here. So and then Pretty straightforward. So there's a couple different ways to approach it But I just have it of doing it with the tunnel wrapping so I can make sure I'm following the UI instead of making a mistake Typing in the XML file, but the preference is yours now from here It's actually set up and running ABC says default folder stop because we need to set permissions and we don't even need the default folder I usually don't start with that one. Anyways, because it has some silly name that I don't care about So before we can add any folders, we're actually gonna have to stop this plug-in and Add some mount points for the data. So we had stop Then we're gonna go to mount points before we go there Let me just show you how the pools configured because I have this already set up with sync thing YouTube demo So here's a data set I created sync thing YouTube demo. Here's the user I created Sync thing when you add a user and when you add specifically user 983 you type in the username and I went and I can't do it twice because it's already here you Edit the id and group to be 983 So then I called the user sync thing you can call whatever you want But think things seems like a pretty obvious choice and then you give it user ID 983 Then when you go over to the data set here that I created So here is the sync thing YouTube Because it was a specific demo don't edit ACL edit permission so if you try to edit the Advanced permissions, it's just not needed for this type of shares You don't need to full ACL you can just edit basic because they're really simple permissions The only thing we're sharing in here unless you're doing something different than your use case will vary there But if you just want this to be a storage place for sync thing You can just set user sync thing group sync thing and this is just basically those users that I had set up And make sure the user has the read write access choose if you need any of the other access, but pretty simple So mount dozer sync thing YouTube. This is a data set I created. Let me go back over here to the jail itself Go here mount point and we're going to Add a mount point for this Now source mount point is the real free nas what data set do you want to do this? We're gonna say same thing YouTube you I could have sub data sets under I'm just using this as an example You could create 20 different folders under it if you wanted to or 20 different data sets under it comes down to How you like your use case? Where do you want to mount it at out of habit? I like mount so slash MNT and we'll give it the same name We'll call it sync to a little similar name So this is inside the jail now inside the jail. It's nested jails only see what's nested So they see this part here where they'll see just Mount and then sync to From outside you see it here. This is the inside of the jail and jails can't go they can only traverse so far They are basically nested within there is the best way to describe it But what does it say pretty straightforward? It's gonna create that folder and when we start the jail back up Let's go back over to jails Start and if we SSH back into it now There's that sync to him folder under mount so the jail because it's nested sees it there and It sees it as the owner of sync thing, which means we go into sync tube. I have permission to Touch files and remove files in there, which is important because now we're gonna go over here and log back in It's just refreshing a page. We're gonna add a folder Slash MNT sync tube Give it a folder name if I was to use this as a server I'd probably do some file revisioning and set all the configurations like I covered in the other video And we're good. It is now running at this address. It is running the latest version right here 1.40 And it works so I can add remote devices set up all the configuration It was able to if we go back in and look one more time There's that folder it creates the dot st folder for the revision So it had permission to do the right so no errors there and you're done now you can start the other process such I covered there for adding remote devices getting everything synchronized and Everything is now, you know Accessible support 2200 on this will be listening or 22,000. I'm sorry We'll be listening on here so we can set other devices and I guess for the hell that I'll set up one device on it So this is my window system. I had for the demo the other days I've already got documents and downloads in here already configured and let's go ahead and attach it to that particular Free Nass instance, so we'll go over here. We'll close. We have too many windows open And we're gonna get the device ID. So so we're gonna go here show ID device ID demo You can say dynamic, but we'll go ahead and specify the actual port that was running on Paste in the address here 192 1683 and 177 20 port 22,000 at a fault port We left everything in there. We want to share those folders with it and hit save And go back over to this Close and in a few seconds this should pop up and say hey this device would like to attach Actually while we're waiting and we'll remove this because I'm not gonna be using this one. So yes Yes, we're gonna add this device It's the win Der's pooter save Wait a few more minutes Well, sometimes about 20 seconds it kind of varies but there's like a pause after you accept it Then it starts again and sends out the signal to share what folders that we have shared with it And there they are. They popped up. So let's add them So there's a documents folder and we just have to change the path to mount Sync tube and we'll call it docs We'll leave it out everything else at default there I mean we could turn on the file versioning because secondly if I was gonna make this a server Maybe want 10 revision of the files. So hit save that one's created. We'll add this one same thing flash mount Sync tube and then we'll call this one download Maybe we want to keep some file versioning for that Maybe only five revisions of the downloads And in a few seconds here, it's going to synchronize and away we go. It'll be all set Actually while we're waiting for synchronize, we'll go ahead and be we're logged in till the jail here There's those file folders that were created And once it's done synchronizing, uh, they'll be populated with all the data. So Oops documents So waiting on synchronization. So as I sync it'll be all set and it's just like diving in what I do with all the data There we go. All the files just started Uh synchronizing There's all the files that just got copied over And that's it. It's ready to go actually now we can ls in here and all the same thing as I covered in the other video All the other details of anything I edit here get synchronized across But usually you're not doing it free nas is a great place to keep it as a repository for all your data It's usually where you have a lot of redundancy and drive setup now I can administer this Like I said, if I wanted to be a little more secure, I can go back and turn off ssh on it So it's more locked down and turn it on as needed basis But this is it. It's all configured and set up manually and fully featured without any reverse proxies or anything set up And we are using hgtps to administer this And once again, if you wanted to modify things or set this up later with another reverse proxy Like I had talked about with ha proxy and pf sense. So you're not dealing with a self science certificate That can be done here as well. But generally speaking once this is set up I don't spend a lot of time in syncing on my server Once you have it set up and done it just synchronizes all my files Like it has been for years and works very happily. So that's how to set it up in free nas It's a excellent tool that you's in there It makes really good use of and a good secure way to keep all of your files and personal synchronization between you and maybe even co-workers or any devices that you have to sync You may have noticed when I was talking about even for my own company It's easy ways you can load this on different servers and create a backup strategy with it So as servers generate certain files You can have those files and have syncing running locally on the computer and then synchronizing and then all that gets Consolidated with revisions and synchronized back across to their location. So it's pretty diverse tool I really recommend it and that's I set up in free nas. Thanks. Oh and everything will be in the forums As I said for all the commands I used and thank you for making it to the end of the video If you like this video, please give it a thumbs up If you'd like to see more content from the channel, hit the subscribe button and hit the bell icon If you like youtube to notify you when new videos come out If you'd like to hire us head over to laurancesystems.com fill out our contact page And let us know what we can help you with and what projects you'd like us to work together on If you want to carry on the discussion head over to forums.laurancesystems.com Where we can carry on the discussion about this video other videos or other tech topics in general even suggestions for new videos They're accepted right there on our forums, which are free Also, if you like to help the channel in other ways head over to our affiliate page We have a lot of great tech offers for you. And once again, thanks for watching and see you next time


Former Secretary of the Navy, Honorable John Dalton, toured the USS DeWirt and the USS the Sullivan's aboard Naval Station Mayport. It was a great honor to have former Secretary of the Navy Dalton on board today. You know, it's always great to see upper leadership and anybody that served the Navy in that regard is just such a treat to have somebody at that caliber to come on board and take the time out of his schedule to introduce himself and show off the ship a little bit. Before Dalton, it was a way for him to spend some quality time with his peers. It was great. We really enjoyed it. The XO did a great job of giving us a wonderful tour and of course when I was serving as Secretary I had the privilege of visiting ships like this on a regular basis, but it's always a pleasure for me to come back and be with my friends and business associates and give them the opportunity to see how great our Navy is. From Navy Public Affairs Support Elements Southeast, I'm Petty Officer Damian Berg.


Right, so next let us talk about another very important concept in this chapter that is satellites So today we'll be talking about this as the last topic for today satellites. What are satellites anyone? What are the satellites satellites are the objects or a body that revolves around a planet? Okay, so it's very simple an object revolving around planet you call that as a satellite right and what is planet a planet is an object that revolves around the Sun okay like that you can understand it is and it just a definition of it okay so now let us try to analyze the behavior of satellite okay let's say this is the orbit of the satellite satellite will be moving in a circular orbit okay we are assuming that that it will be moving in a circular orbit if it comes under the influence of neighboring planets that there will be slight distortion in the orbit will be there but more or less it will be circular only so all the motion in this particular chapter we are assuming it to be circular only whether it planet revolving around the Sun or satellite revolving around the planet so we are assuming it to be circular only okay so let's say this is earth okay we are talking about earth satellite let us say okay the the radius of the revolution for the satellite let's say this is my satellite okay this satellite is moving okay this is moving like this with velocity v okay mass of the planet let's say earth is that planet let's say Me and mass of this satellite is small m okay by the way these satellites can be natural can be artificial also for example moon is a natural satellite okay and whatever satellites are launched let's say if ISRO launches a satellite or GPS satellites all those are artificial satellites okay satellites have its own importance so there are different purposes satellites are used because there once you are above the earth surface your field of vision is enlarged you can literally scan through entire earth so it can be used for military purposes or you know there are multiple things like for example you can use it for predicting the weather or movement of the monsoon there are so many things you can do with the satellites okay but we'll not get into the all that right now let let us first try to analyze the motion of a satellite okay let's say its mass is small m the velocity is v okay so can you write down the the force equation first as in the gravity of force is equal to centrifugal force can you write that equation all of you quickly do that okay so toward the center if you see there will be a gravitational force like this okay and then there will be a centrifugal force like that centrifugal force will be equal to mv square by r right and this gravitational force f g will be equal to g mass of earth into mass of planet divided by r square fine so this force should be equal to centrifugal force mv square by r right so this is just force balance this must be happening if a satellite is moving around in a circular orbit okay all right now from here a very interesting thing will come up so you'll see that if r get cancelled off you'll get m into v square is equal to g m m e divided by r all right if you multiply half both sides this is nothing but kinetic energy okay all right and potential energy is what potential g between the satellite and the earth this will be minus of g mass of satellite into mass of earth divided by the distance between them right so this is the potential energy and that is kinetic energy which is equal to this okay so you can see that kinetic energy is nothing but minus two times of the potential energy yes or no all of you able to appreciate okay wait it is minus one by two times minus half times the potential g any doubts please ask quickly okay so you can say potential g is minus of two times of kinetic energy potential g is minus of two times of the kinetic energy so total mechanical energy is what potential g plus kinetic energy okay so when you add it up you will have potential g is minus of two times of kinetic energy right so plus kinetic energy so total energy is negative of kinetic energy this is total energy of the satellite all right so if you know that total energy is t kinetic energy will be negative of t and potential energy will be negative of the two times of the kinetic energy all right or potential g is two times of the total energy so like that you can relate kinetic energy potential g and you can play around with that no doubts right no doubts now let us try to derive the Kepler's law of orbits things are clear now any doubts crystal clear okay now for the satellite and this is treated like a numerical okay for a satellite of mass m revolving around radius of r about a planet of mass capital M all right this these things are given for this you need to find the time period find out draw the draw the diagram okay and then try to find the time period quickly by the way in your ncrt they always have considered distance from the center they write it as re plus height from the surface okay so don't get confused okay we are taking distance from the center so that is why we are writing small r when you read from ncrt or I don't know how they have taught in school they will write radius of earth plus h okay so I have directly taken it as a r but a g is not constant g is a variable yeah so g depends on r now you need to substitute that as well I want only as a function of r small r what is a time period see always guys remember whenever something is moving in a circle okay if any object moves in a circle the first equation you write is the central force the force was the center should be equal to mv square by r okay that equation you should write just close your eyes and write that equation before even thinking of anything okay so central forces gravitational force g m1 m2 by r square should be equal to mv square by r so that is where you start solving the question whenever something is moving in a circle okay all right let me solve this now so this is small m the satellite has mass small m it moves with velocity v okay so I can write here g m into capital M divided by r square this is equal to mv square by r all right so from here I will get velocity or the magnitude of the velocity to be equal to under root of g m by r okay this is the velocity or the speed with which the satellite is revolving around the planet okay time period of this satellite is 2 pi r which is distance divided by the speed v okay so you can see that it will be equal to 2 pi r multiplied by this r divided by g m right so t will be equal to 2 pi root of g m r raise to power 3 by 2 right now square both sides you will get t square is equal to 4 pi square divided by g m into r cube right this which you can say that t square is proportional to r cube all right so although you have derive t square proportional to r cube for the case of satellites but same kind of equations you can write for a planet also planet revolving around the sun exactly same thing will come out okay so you can see that Kepler has arrived at this particular expression without knowing any formula any equations just purely by observation he came up with this particular relation that t square is proportional to r cube okay so I will quickly talk about weightlessness okay just give me one minute I will just quickly talk about it okay so suppose you are orbiting in a spaceship okay or you are inside the satellite this is your satellite okay very small satellite it is okay so here is an object inside okay now we are trying to see what is the force the net force this object inside the spaceship will feel okay now since this object is revolving around the radius of r okay it must be feeling a centrifugal force outward which is m v square by r right and the same object must feel gravitation pull also okay which is equal to g m m by r square okay so the net force net force on the object is what g m and by r square minus m v square by r this is the effective force okay which should be equal to 0 okay which should be equal to 0 so I mean is this thing clear is this thing clear all of you quickly type right so net force is 0 so the object inside will not experience any force I mean the net although individually there are forces this force and that force but they add up to 0 and hence you do not feel any force so even when you place your feet on the floor of this spaceship the spaceship will exert zero normal reaction because net force is anyway balanced so normal reaction is not required fine if normal reaction is 0 it will be like a freefall situation or you can say that weightlessness you will not feel any pull towards the earth clear so this is what the weightlessness is about all right we will meet again soon bye bye


The Mag has a special clip just for you Next week big youtuber a guy who's kind of blown up on the scene Tyrone Magnus if you watch this guy's yeah, he's called he's gonna Skype in that Cops just get very excited Cops go ahead and talk we're gonna say he has the greatest reaction to the first Star Wars trailer and if anybody I know it's got like it's almost a million views. I was almost as happy watching his reaction as I was watching the actual trailer So tell Tyrone Magnus that you're excited that he's coming on the show He's gonna be on next week. He's probably gonna Skype in we'll ask him to react to things on the show As well as I think next week.  He's coming on shmose no movies Peace out mother f's Now the mag just showed you that clip so we could finally say Finally the bag has come back To talk about shmose knows now, you know something last week Shmose knows let the cat out of the bag and they let you know that Tyrone Magnus is gonna be on their show now shmose knows the mag knows this whenever he thinks about anything about movie reviews a few names come to mind Jeremy John's Stockman and shmose knows So it's truly another that the mag is gonna be on your show and also see you didn't think this was gonna turn into a WWE promo Did you but you're not gonna have just one WWE star on your show You're gonna have two So for the youth that didn't know Ruseff and Ryan Wright are one in the same So after we tear the show down and we tear it up We're climbing and banging with shmose knows talked about movie reviews and reacted after all the dust has settled After all the smoke is clear and after the crowd is chanting our names They will know why we are the great ones the chosen ones and the most Electrifying people on YouTube if you smell What the mag is cooking?