the recording. Let's take a moment to pray together and then we will start. Good. One of us pray. Now maybe whoever has a mic, okay. Could just pray and then we will start please. Kanan, yeah, mic is okay. Wanna pray? Or Dave or Karen? Karen, why don't you pray and we'll start. It's us. Okay. How do we come before you're thrown? And we want to say thank you for the good for everything. Thank you for the good. I will give you wisdom and knowledge for the good to the subject that we can understand and and use to the kingdom and guide for the good. Thank you. Rest of the time submitting to you and take care of what you say. Thank you. Thank you. Good morning everyone. So we are now in our almost our last section in this course on media and technology. So this section we're talking about technology systems or software systems that we could use technology platforms that we could use. And I'm just giving you an overview and I will put everything down in a document shared with you. But I'm just letting you see some of the systems that we have been using which we can use for ministry work. So we started last week or we spoke about software for office work like basically using Google personal productivity tools. The Google apps that come for free can be a very good starting point. Then we talked about I made mention of our accounting software that we use, Tali software which we use in India and there could be other systems in other parts of the world. And then we started talking about the software for people management and for that I was just showing you what we were using for what we were using here for people management which is the rock RMS the rock relationship management system which we have customized for our use and we call it the church management system. And so in that we have all the data all the information of church people as and when they come to church or get connected to church we have their data and then from there we follow up with them we can work, follow up with them, meet with them interact with them so on so forth. So this is a very useful system to have and I just wanted to just share a little bit more on what we do so and then we will move on and do some other things. So let me just you know I'm just walking you through the system itself to get an idea. Of course I will mention in the document that I give you I will mention the product so that you know at some point if you want to use it you can download customize it but let me just show you some of the things that we do with this. So this is our and this is the church management system which I had we were talking about last week which I was showing you and you know I was just saying okay so you know I chose you the list of people who have birthdays even there's one Bible college student here who's birthdays today and these are the people so I can wish them and we have member care people who will greet them on their birthdays sent them a message and some very important are the useful things that we set up with is you know we have our first-time visitors information so when people this is some test information is happening but so what happens is the way we've set it up is from our church website so if you go go to our church website and we have a first-time visitor form you know so we tell people you know you could if you're new to our website or you're new to church please fill up the you know a form simple they just give their name the email ID and so on and they submit so what happens is so it's a simple form that we have on our church website right APCWRG connect first-time visitor so anybody could fill it up maybe somebody just came to the website or you know during Sunday service we tell people and if you're watching online please go fill up this form so they can fill it up and that data comes right into this system right and it comes to our ftv list right and so what happens is we can see the data here nothing these are just test people here but there are others who've put in their data and you know over time we have the data and then we have we have our person in the church office who can actually they will follow up with this data right and they can immediately on Monday Tuesday of the week they can go in they can make the calls to these first-time visitors so that's something very useful that you can do when you you know when you have a people management system you know so there is no so basically what I'm trying to say is that you can integrate that people management system to your church website just like what we've done so that it goes directly in here right now like I mentioned last time our the same church management system is also used for our bible college so even our bible college website so if you go to our bible college website where we have right now it's off because we're not taking applications but we have an online application right so usually there will be a button here where people could apply online so we will open up that button and apply online button say in the month of maybe around June or something so we will open up so okay open June 1 so June 1 to July 15 people can the application to be open and so when they apply here again when they go to the application form that whole fall and data go straight into rock RMS right bible college so their data will what did I do here yeah so their data will go into the applicants of course there's nothing now right now because we're not taking anything but their data will come in here and it'll show up here once we open up the application so once again what we are doing is all data is going straight into that management system so we are you know there is no paper form so we used to have paper forms some years ago maybe before we had a bible college website so people had to fill up an application and they would mail it to us so they will come and give it physically in the church office and then we have to store it somewhere and all those kinds of things so it was all paper driven in the past but then now from our website and may people make application it goes straight into the same system but it is it is you know it is categorized in a different way so these are bible college students these are first time visitors and so we have them you know separately we can go and look at these lists and work with those lists separately right and the other additional thing is that we can do is when now just one side note this e-learning portal is a separate portal we will we will I will discuss with you about that software itself that's a totally different thing the if you go to our e-learning portal this is our e-learning portal now when people sign up here that data is maintained in this e-learning system itself because you know it tracks you know everything like every course that they're doing and gives them their certificates for each course and all that but that their data is also connected back to their bible college student data because the same student could be studying here on the e-learning portal doing the course here on the e-learning portal and some students may also be doing you know maybe doing online classes on but there's the same student same email ID which they can use I will talk about this one a little later right so right now I'm talking about our church management system and what I was saying was this system can be connected to various websites like our church website our bible college online application uh data coming from the e-learning it can all come into the same place so that you can manage personal data people data in one central place right so it's very very useful the other thing is when people are it can make life easier for people when they are applying for not applying when they are registering for events so for example you know we have an event so let me go here we have a workshop coming up so christian professionals ministry workshop somebody wants to register right if they enter their mobile number I can pull up their data so double nine example I'm just entering my so double nine so it should yeah so you see I entered my mobile number and my name my email address was defaulted already now we could of course we could of course default this and uh because I go on different church locations uh my church location this little thing but um the moment I put my mobile number I was able to retrieve my name and my email address right so it makes it really easy and of course there's a lot more information about you know in this but where where is this information coming from it's coming from this system here right so to help people you know it just makes this is a very simple example but you know you can you can connect to that same people data from various points and uh you could you know you could use it to make life easier for people in in in various situations right so this is just an example of registering for an upcoming workshop that I can actually pull up that person's data and help them in their process now of course if that person who's registering if that person didn't exist in this system our church management system of course we we won't there's nothing to show we won't be able to do anything with that but in the case where the mobile number is here we can pull up their data so these are some useful things the other thing that we are also doing is certificates you know from the church example uh water baptism certificate so uh when people register for water water baptism okay um we uh we we can uh so they they they register here let me say membership class yeah so for membership class when people register for membership class um what uh let me just talk about membership class and then I'll talk about water baptism so when people register so when people want to become members right they have to register they have to attend a membership class and so they register for their membership class uh and let me the same same thing happens uh but only thing is but this is going to happen on the 26th of March so people can register for membership class right so when they say register when they click register there that data comes in here so we know uh who is attending membership class so once they have attended the membership class we have automated their membership certificate that means once they finish the sorry once they complete all the membership requirements part of which is attending the membership class then you know we check that all the other things are all done then we can give them their membership certificate of course it'll go to them by email but it'll also be attached to their record in the system right so the membership certificate is now attached to the record in the system you know they in case they lose um the email or they lose a certificate it's always here for them uh in this system for them to come back and retrieve it and we we will give them access to it uh the same thing we are doing uh when it comes for water baptism so um if people so we do the same thing so if people register for water baptism they come here and they register online for water baptism we just had one uh two couple of Sundays ago two Sundays ago um they register here they enter the baptism consent form they register here that data goes straight into our system right and um and uh then from here let me see where not sure exactly where it goes um from here we're able to give them their maybe it's all already been processed i'm not able to see that separate list so what'll happen is it comes in here um as a list of people who have come for the water baptism once they are done then we uh give them their uh we say okay yeah uh we give them their we say yeah this person attended the water baptism send them their certificate so what happens is their water baptism certificate is attached to their personal record in the system and of course also emailed to them right so uh we we are using the system in many ways we are using it for let's say our first time visitor enters the data comes straight into the system it doesn't get lost anywhere uh when people are registering for certain uh like a membership class or for water baptism it comes into the system once it's done automatically a certificate is generated a pdf and is given to them it is attached to their record we also use that data for registering for events so when people want to register for a workshop or a conference now if they're already in the system it makes them makes it easy for them to register for those events so this data that we have collected and that we are maintaining of our congregation people and also people outside uh is is is being used in many different ways to serve the people better okay uh and uh whether we store their uh certificates whether it's membership water baptism where we also record interactions from our member care team when our member care team calls them we can record against them okay you know we call them uh this is what they need or this is what they said etc those those things are recorded in the system so later on when we look at it we can know what has happened and then uh like we said by the college data student data is also here and that is handled separately in a different way okay so this system the church management system is something very very useful uh some of the features that uh we are not using is one thing that you could you could track um financial transactions if you're able to uh you know maybe get notifications from the bank or or just record it manually we are not using that here because we don't track uh individual contributions uh at apc uh in some countries example the us uh they would track individual contributions so that uh you send them you know a tax deduct deductible receipt at the end of the year and they get tax benefits for it uh that this that's uh it doesn't happen here in india and i don't know about other countries but there are no tax benefits here so we don't track you know individual contributions or those things um but that's feature that's available here uh you can also form groups and um you know who uh you can volunteer team groups life groups all those kind of things you can form within the system and you know people could interact around that and uh like i may have mentioned it last time uh we have we have plans to enhance this system add our own features to this for job search for helping people exchange you know job openings and people looking for jobs uh also for marriage um you know just just profiles to maintain profiles and if people uh want to search or connect with someone they could do it and of course all of that will be done in a very uh secure manner right so the the thought the thought here is that with this system even you collect uh the data and maintain the data of uh your congregation people in a system like this uh a church management system there's a lot of good things you can do uh when in serving the people but of course one very important thing is we need to protect their data right so uh like like i mentioned last week only authorized people have access to the data and also different people can see only what we allow them to see right so that we control as administrators for the system now i logged in i have administrator rights so i can see everything i can see i can work with any group of data but um example is you can restrict what people can see by their church location so uh uh if you want to uh say that this person can only see data of people belonging to one particular church location you can restrict that uh if you you know so that way we have controls on who can see what kind of data and also uh who works who's able to work with what data and we can give them we can control you know whether they're able to update data etc can they export data out or not oh just one more thing i forgot to mention which i wanted to do was uh we also can generate uh uh data views we can also generate mailing lists okay i forgot to mention this so of a mailing list so you know we have we then we print books uh we send our books out for free by mail by post so we can generate mailing lists out of our system so suppose i want to generate give me all the addresses of people in Bangalore that we have we can generate that give me all the addresses of people in Delhi or people who speak Hindi so when we print a Hindi book that book has to go to people who speak a certain language right so we have so we can generate mailing lists by language which is what we normally do so the English book goes to people who speak English Hindi book will go to people who speak English Hindi like that so we generate our mailing list we give them to the people who handle the dispatch of our books they stick the labels we print the labels and give to them so they stick the labels on those envelopes send it to the post office and that's how it goes right so this again i just wanted to mention that we can uh you know use this data for mailing list generation which is very useful when you're doing you know in mailing stuff mailing things out that's very useful okay so i think that gives us an overview of the church management system and how you know how there are many users that you can put it to and of course there are you know you can come up with more ideas more thoughts on on what can be done but any any questions on this on the church management system and just managing people data and so on anybody has any thoughts any questions any questions on it all okay okay so consider consider using this it's a free free software thank god for the people who've made it and made it available to the body of christ globally so that you could download it and install it and you know make use of it for your church for your ministry and extend it the way you want it and of course like we said rock rms also has their own hosted solutions so if you don't have the people to do it for you but they can you know they have a paid service as well so they could host it for you and you could just use the hosted solution as well okay so yeah thank you i see your and your responses on the chat so the next thing that i would want to go into and i i have shared this with you is on the staff management right so we have the church management which is managing the data of people in the church or in your congregation or in your ministry so if it's not a church then maybe it is the data of your donors or supporters or partners in the ministry that also can be managed right so the same system can be used to manage partners or donors so that's one side but now how about a software that to manage people who are working for the organization right so i did i think i did share about this last year i think but we'll go through it again so generally we call this human resource management system right so that means you're managing the your employees your consultants people are working for the organization right and that is also very important you know you can use it for a managing activity and work you can use it for managing the leaves and the vacations that people take you can use it for performance reviews that means you know whatever frequency once in six months or once in 12 months you want to assess the performance get people's feedback and assess their work it can be done for that and a lot of other things basically managing the staff managing the people who are working for the organization there are a lot of things that you can do so i will share with you what we use or at least the the software that's available and that i would encourage you to use and this is not the only software product of course but there this is what we use so let me share my screen so the product yeah i think you could all see my screen okay so the product that we use is called orient HRM human resource management software it has a lot of features you know you can manage your people of course and then compensation dollar talent management etc and there is there is a free version available and then there is also the paid version available so of course we are using the open source version oh didn't mean to go there so we are using the yeah so we are using the open source version right so we have downloaded our own and we've set it up for ourselves but if you want you know they offer a hosted solution so you could you know you could use it use their hosted solution so on okay so this is what we use orange HRM.com so let's go to what we are using at ABC so we have set up under HRM so this is our installation our own installation which we use right so and so this is very useful from managing your staff consultants and so on right so all our staff people are working for APC all our consultants who are working you know uh hourly that means they're paid by the time they invest they all of them have their access to this system and uh and of course uh you know what you're seeing here is an administrative view because I have administrative access uh not everybody will be able to see this but I've logged in I have administrative access so I'll just show you some other things so what we do is we we have what is called projects right so basically um there are different things people are working on so different basically these are by uh by uh the role that people have so there's accounting there's the audio engineer the bible college you know so we we have all of these projects right uh that people can report their work against and then under each project there there is activity right so under bible college there is all these things these are activities so when I do a bible college lecture I'll report my time against this activity if I'm preparing for the lecture I will do this um if somebody is doing some maintenance work for the bible college they will report their time against this uh when we have a staff meet we report our time against this right so these are all activities under this ministry area which is bible college right so uh when we report our time right so for this we report on a weekly basis so we report against what we've done right so I've reported my time till Tuesday this week I didn't enter my time for yesterday which I have to uh which I have to do now um so what did I spend my time on this week on Sunday uh so this is the project I was ministering at Sunday service about four hours uh was there before and after the service so I spent four hours then on Monday I spent two hours I was doing some search engine optimization work I spent two hours lecturing at the bible college I spent about two hours preparing the Sunday sermon and I spent about an hour and a half um I was visiting some um this is buying the land that we're looking at to buy so I spent about an hour and a half to go see a land and so on so I spent about seven and a half hours doing that then on Tuesday I spent again some more search engine optimization work I did two hours for two lectures for the bible college at three hours on preparing the sermon and I did some other planning coordination work interacting with and usually I could enter comments to say what I was doing and coordinating some things uh for the church and so on so I report my time so like this you know everybody reports their hours so I have to enter yesterday's hours and I'll enter today's hours and so on and that end of the week I I submit my time sheet so for every week right for every week people have to enter their time sheet so this way you know one is it builds accountability that means we all are reporting uh what work we are doing where is our time being spent um secondly of course uh people get paid uh they're based on their work the hours so the uh the accountant at the end of the month looks at the hours and then all the consultants are paid based on the hours they work um and uh for all the full-time staff they have to work a minimum of 40 hours every week and then if you work more than 40 hours the extra hours in chunks of four you can take as compensation uh leave comp off and so on so like that you know uh this builds in some sort of accountability for all your staff and all your consultants uh on on the work that they are doing right so that's you know managing our time sheets then the other thing is about uh leaves right so we can when people apply for leave we can see you know I I'm seeing this as an administrator not everybody can see this um you know uh people apply for leaves and uh the the office manager uh she approves the leaves and uh of course our HR person also sees it he also approves uh he also can approve one of them will approve the leaves the system automatically tracks all the leaves that people are taking uh what type of leaves so you know people can take comp off or imagine sick leave ministry like a vacation leave so on so it tracks so every person or the staff is entitled to a certain number of leaves in each category every year so they apply for it they use up those leaves they can see what is their balance and so on so example I can see my leave uh between 20 um I should not say 2023 it should say yeah so if I look from 2021 one I don't know why it's saying it's not showing me that's right yeah so I I actually haven't applied for any leave so I haven't taken any leave but I can see my entitlement so what am I entitled to so this year I'm entitled to 20 days of vacation leave um six days ministry and so on and this is my compensatory off so I'm entitled to take 43 days off this year I haven't used any yet um so if I use any of these leaves if I use any of these leaves it'll get deducted from if I take a vacation leave it'll take it out of these 20 days if I take a sick leave it'll take it out of this or this this and so on so this is what I'm entitled to this year uh I but I haven't applied for any so that's why it wasn't showing anything there so I can see and uh any employee can go and see what you know what leaves they're entitled to take for this current calendar year so we work based on calendar year so we can apply for leaves we can see what it what it's um what it's done so or what what you can allow be allowed to take so so like this and then of course I can look up uh employee records um so if I want to um uh as an administrator uh you know we maintain people's information staff information in here uh they start date and date all those kinds of things so I can go and look up that information uh and manage people um so we can see you know everybody here we can add new people and so on so I'm not showing you that data but that's possible so we can manage our people here uh and their personal information so on their roles and what they're doing so on uh and then also performance reviews can be done you know uh you can do reviews of people uh put their ratings etc and we you know each each each organization can have their own way of doing it we have our way of doing it uh criteria and based on which we want to um uh review people assess people and so on so basically um this system this human resource management system uh is very useful to take care of all your church staff and consultants or your ministry staff and consultants and again the beautiful thing is this product is free you can download it and you can customize it set it up the way you want it and make use of it right so I would strongly recommend that any church any ministry make use of it and it serves you know serves many purposes not only does it create a sense of accountability you know amongst all the staff who are working but you know it's easy to manage you know who's on leave so I can I can log in and I can see now who's on leave at any time or when they took leave uh so on so forth right so in the dashboard typically I would see you know if people had applied for leave I would see it here um now and uh I guess I can see it here as well I think there would be yeah so these these are you know people have applied recent or so anyway so it helps us in a lot of ways as we all work together and uh do things together okay so I would definitely encourage you to consider setting this up for your church or ministry uh to manage the people who are working in the organization right so we covered two software systems today we talked about the church management system which is the product is called rock rms and then we talked about the human resource management system the product there is called orange hrm which we are using I'm not saying these are the only products but these are free open source products and that's why I would encourage that for your church your ministry for you to use okay any questions all right I will put you know I'll I'll make sure I mention these products to you in that I'm just putting a simple document together just mentioning the products at any time the future if you want to use you could go and download it and use these products okay so we'll stop here for now tomorrow I'll continue just showing you some other products that that and other software systems that we use which you can think of using for your church or your ministry as the opportunities arise in the coming days okay let's close we'll close in prayer thank you for turning the class and just you know just opening up yourself to these these things I'm sure it'll be useful in the ministry in the days to come right okay all right who wants to pray and dismiss us maybe Dave would you like to pray and we can dismiss I'm not sure we can't hear Dave um let's see if you're okay okay Kiran go ahead we pray Father God come before you turn once again and thank you Father God all things Father God that today we learn Father God thank you Father for thank you thanks help us to move forward Father God and apply for your faith in God let's talk that day it's a meeting to your hand Father for thanking you Almighty Jesus Amen all right thank you everyone so I'll see you tomorrow we have three hours together look forward to that God bless uh enjoy the afternoon bye


There are a lot of challenges now and how we continue to transform that to become even more relevant to someone living in the 21st century. And so for me it is a combination of how do we continue to perfect medical excellence, but also how do we look at all the wraparound services that we should be engaged in, involved in on behalf of our member and the communities in which we exist. So a medical record of the future or medical information of the future will not just have my blood pressure and all those wonderful things. It would talk about what my social network looks like. It will talk about what my eating possibilities are or challenges are. It will talk about my stress levels at a different level. And quite frankly I will have much more wrapped around me with sensors that gives me a chance to better understand my body and what I can do to take more responsibility for my health and by the way make it all cool. I'm going to give you an example because in our shop we just had a discussion about what is transparency and how do we make transparency actionable. And I'll give you an example of something that we're in the process of rolling out because there's been so much rhetoric and discussion about drug pricing. But yet think about that physician when he or she is writing that prescription. That doc has no idea the out of pocket cost of that medication for their patient. So we're in the process of embedding that patient's plan design in the patient's EHR so when the physician goes and puts that prescription in assuming they're prescribing it electronically and today about 80% of all scripts are prescribed electronically. He or she will be able to see the patient's out of pocket costs and up to five alternatives and the cost associated with each. One of the things that we're seeing is physicians are switching to a lower cost alternative 30% of the time with an average savings to the patient of $70.


Well, today was the culmination of quite a few weeks of work. We consulted with the business community in order to finalize what principles we wanted to see in the Small Business Accord. So this accord is a document that will hold government accountable to small business and ultimately to ensure that BC is the most small business friendly jurisdiction in Canada. I'm pleased with the outcome because I believe that maybe for the first time we have a wonderful relationship developed in the form of an accord which helps define the partnership between small businesses across the province and our partner called the government of British Columbia. I was thoroughly amazed with the process. I thought it was so proactive. I mean the energy and the optimism in the room was good and I think it's because there was a difference there between just business in general versus small business and what really came back to me is how important small businesses especially like in our region where we've got big large projects happening. Small business is the one that's going to be there before the project and they're the ones that are going to be after. That's the biggest difference between us and business. The process was excellent. There was a lot of really good proactive and constructive dialogue. Everybody was encouraged to participate. There was lots of opportunity to provide your own context in your business. The issues that you had where you thought the government could make positive recommendations going forward and so that at the end of the day was a real enlightening thing for us was to be able to work collaboratively but also at the end of the day provide a recommendation to the minister that who I know she'll act on. We were really thrilled that social enterprise was recognized by the small business accord that we were invited to the event. We also find it fantastic that the government is recognizing that small business plays an important and key role in employment. We are one of the major employers in British Columbia. I really enjoyed the form. I've sat on a lot of these different kinds of committees to sit together to see if we can make things happen and lots of times when you leave that meeting you think that nothing's ever going to happen but this one was energized it gave the opinion that it's going to happen and to sit around it and with all these people from all over the province and they have the same issues and we come up with the same kind of things that need to be worked on I think it's a goal. It was really interesting hearing other people's aspect. I knew nothing about trucking business up north. I knew nothing about you know you live in an environment and you sort of closet it in there and you tunnel visions you don't know what's going on in other people's businesses and for me the the amount all the different people that were there I found fascinating I really enjoyed being asked to be part of that. I felt I was a bit out of my league when I started off when I started hearing that this person has 300 people working for them 150 people 30 people and I've got my seven to nine staff members. I felt really you know should I be here but then as the day got progressed and I felt we were all on the same page on certain things it didn't matter whether I only had one member of staff or whether I had 300 and I loved it. I'm glad that the minister is listening. She is very engaged and I'm hoping that the recommendations that are being made through that forum will make it into proper legislation to truly make British Columbia the most small business friendly jurisdiction in Canada which is what the mandate is.


This case report demonstrates how a rare complication of renal transplantation, acute renal artery thrombosis, can be caused by distal renal artery stenosis. The author suggests that renal artery thrombosis should be considered as a possible diagnosis when there is a delay in recovery from renal transplantation. This article was authored by Mohammed Kazim Falazada, Rajini Kont Yadaveli I, Ajay Kumar and others.


President Bola Agnet Timibu has launched the 2034 Armed Forces Remembrance Day emblem and appeal fund. The president assured that his administration will continue to strengthen all the Nigerian security architecture. In appreciation of the efforts of the fallen heroes to national security, President Timibu said he has approved the sum of 18 billionaires for the payment of insurance and other entitlements of serviced men who lost their lives in the course of operations. He stated that the Armed Forces Remembrance Day emblem remains a symbol of remembrance and a beacon of hope for a peaceful future. The Armed Forces and the campaign against the soldiers. I am confident we shall continue to battle and decisively defeat all the security challenges. I wish to assure Nigerians that my administration will continue to reposition and strengthen all Nigerian security agencies. It's a commitment that we must take seriously. Our foremost objective is to provide a conducive environment free from threats and criminologies to enable all who reside within our borders to thrive and live in peace. For this reason, we owe a debt of gratitude to our gallant troops who have risen to the challenge of securing this great nation. In appreciation of the sacrifices of the men and women of our Armed Forces and to underscore this government commitment with the above here, I have approved the sum of 18 billionaires for the payment of the group life assurance benefits for the families of serviced members who lost their lives in the lives of duty. I encourage all to donate generously in support of our patrons and the pendants of fully heroes and to encourage us, all of us, to donate generously. On this note, my simple veteran, ladies and gentlemen, it is my honor and privilege to launch the 2024 Armed Forces to remember as the celebration emblem and happy folk. Minister of Defence Mohamed Baderu reiterated the invaluable contributions of ex-service personnel and war veterans to the survival and continued existence of the Nigerian state. He said that the present administration through the service headquarters has committed to training Armed Forces combatants towards the discharge of their duties. Greatably, some of our gallant officers and men have failed to supreme sacrifice in the line of duty. Many, as well, have sustained varying degrees of injuries that have incapacitated them. Our service personnel and veterans deserve the best and the best they will get, we are sure, from you. We promise to train and equip our Armed Forces personnel with combat capabilities and modern ways to reduce casualties during operations.


So let me tell you what SHA-256 is. The SHA, the hashing library, is something that generically just takes any message, an arbitrary length message, as in a sequence of bits of any length, and it just fits out of that 32 bytes. The digest of this thing is 256 bits. The procedure to go through those consists of three parts. So I'll just go over the three parts. The first part is breaking your message into multiples of 64 bytes. So those are the chunks, 512 bits. The second part consists on scheduling words, computing a bunch of double words, which are 4 bytes each. And the third part consists on performing a bunch of rounds, which is just the function that actually does the hashing itself, the function that is not invertible. Here's just a brief description of this slide I just stole from somewhere on the internet. But I want to go in some detail in each one of the three parts. So let's start with the easiest one, which is scheduling words. So scheduling words, as you see here, you're giving a message. Let's suppose that we've already broken the message in pieces. Each one of them is 64 bytes. So the first thing you do is you compute 48 double words, 4 bytes each. The first unit 64 in total, the first 16 are your message, are the 64 bytes that you're giving. These are 16 words. With those 16 words, you can compute the next 16 words. And with those 16 words that you just computed, you can compute the next ones and the next one, and you computed the 64 that you needed. And the important thing that you need to remember from this slide is that to compute those scheduled words, the only thing that you need is the previous words, nothing else. That means that when you're scheduling words, I think the consensus people are starting to come in. Anyways, I've already started, guys. So when you're scheduling words, the important thing is that you don't need to know the previous date of the hashing. You only need to know what were the previous scheduled words. In particular, it only depends on the chunk that you're hashing now, and it doesn't depend on the other chunks that you're gonna hash. So if your message consists of 10,000 chunks, you can compute the scheduled words for the 10,000 chunks without caring about how you would hash each one of them, and without caring about the rounds part. So scheduling words only requires the previously scheduled words. So the diagram there is taken out of an Intel paper describing what were two new instructions that do this scheduling of four words at a time with only two instructions. This can be done now on modern CPUs. And this is just a sketch of how diagrammatically you compute four words at a time. But it's irrelevant the method that you use to compute those scheduled words. What I want you to remember is that to compute them, you need to know the previous words and nothing else. Rounds, we don't care about what rounds is. We only care that it's a function that is not invertible. That it's computationally hard to invert. But the important thing that we need to remember is this, we were given the message, we broke it into pieces of 64 bytes that I haven't told you how. We computed those scheduled words that we need. And then what we do is we pass an incoming digest. If it's the very first chunk that you're hashing, we pass a constant digest that the method has. If it's the third chunk, you're gonna pass the hash that the second chunk produced. The point is that you have a status, which is your current hash, and you pass it through this function that takes this status, the hash, the 32 bytes. It takes one of the scheduled words that you computed, and it takes another constant word that the protocol has. So it takes this data, and it produces for you a new hash. So what do you need to remember from this is that you need to have computed at least that scheduled word before passing through the rounds, and you cannot do this in parallel. To pass through the round, you need to have computed already the hash before. So this is something that you cannot do in parallel. Okay, so the padding block. So this is the first part of the three process, which is breaking the message into multiple of 64 bytes. How do you do this? Well, you just break your message into multiple of 64 bytes. You add one bit at the very end of the message just to signal this message has ended. So here the message is less than 64 bytes, is 24 bits. This three bytes there, A, B, and C. This one there is showing that we added that extra bit to show the message has finished. And then you pad with zero bits up to a multiple of 64 bytes, minus eight, because you're gonna use the last eight bytes or 64 bits to encode the length of the whole message, as is there in binary that's the number 24, which is the actual length of this message. So this is the procedure to pad your message, which was arbitrary length into a multiple of 64 bytes. Vectorization, which is the main topic of this talk is vectorization. So the first thing to notice is that you're not going to beat any of the hazards out there. Every implementation that I've reviewed before I got into this, and I'm not an expert at all on this, I'm from a completely different subject, but every implementation I've seen is equivalent to Intel's original white paper on this, and it's equivalent to what opens a cell, for example, does. All of them implement the following. You can compute your scheduled words, as I told you, without knowing what the current status of the hashing is. So all of them use vector instructions to compute several words at a time. If your CPU supports 128 bits registers like this ones, and almost every CPU now does, then you're gonna compute four words at a time, four double words at a time. You start with your 16 double words, which is your message, and you can put those 16 double words in only four registers.   If your computer supports AVX512, you're gonna compute all of them, the 16 of them at a time. And well, AVX1024 does not exist yet, but it's already in the books. There's two options into computing this. Modern implementations either do this, this vectorization, or if your CPU implements cryptographic extensions, like what was there in the picture, then they will use 128 bits registers, regardless if your computer has larger registers, because cryptographic extensions can compute four words at a time much faster than vectorized computations. But the point I want to make is that this vectorization is there in every current implementation. This is since Intel's white paper. Also computing the words like this is useful because since you can compute the words and at the same time pass through some rounds, so let's say that you computed the fifth word, then you can pass up to the fifth round. Then you can mix scalar operations with vector operations and the CPU will perform this in parallel. The CPU has several ports and can take different types of operations at the same time. So you can be computing the fifth round that is a computation that has to be done on the scalar part of the CPU because it cannot be in parallel. At the same time, you're computing the sixth word in parallel on vector registers. Okay, so I've covered what is a typical implementation of hashing and this is the thing to remember from the whole part, from the whole part of the talk, is that the hasher signature is this. In either language, it's something like this. It's something that takes an arbitrary length byte slice and it gives you back 32 bytes, which is the hash. So it takes an arbitrary length message and it gives you a digest. And this is something that you're not gonna do. You're not gonna implement this better than open SSL. No one's gonna do it. You perhaps can do it for one CPU. You're not gonna write an implementation faster than what is already there. However, we use hashing in a very restricted scenario. We use hashing to hash Merkle trees. And Merkle trees are not arbitrary length. Merkle trees are in the case of the consensus layer, for example, where the nodes are 32 bytes. They're something like this. Each one of these nodes represents 32 bytes and each parent node has only two children and these two children are hashed together. So the two children are 64 bytes and co-continated. You hash them and you get the hash of the part. You get what goes in the part. So this is what we hash, typically. And we observe two things. Well, actually, the execution layer has something completely different, but still the same technique is gonna apply. What we observe immediately is the following thing. First of all, we're not hashing arbitrary length. We're hashing every single time 64 bytes. And second of all, we can hash this in parallel. You don't need to, you can hash the blue one by knowing the entire left subtree and hash the yellow one completely in parallel in the other side. Of course, you can do this in parallel and if you have two CPUs, you can just use two threads to hash this and this is exploited in the consensus layer. I don't know if any other besides Lighthouse uses this, but I want to use this, I want to talk about a different kind of parallelization. You can parallelize this in different threads, but the point I want to make is that you can do this by using vector instructions. This is the typical, this is the one that is in the specs in the consensus layer specs. This is the implementation. I think this is Vitalik's implementation. This is a flat array approach to having a Merkle tree. I highlighted the line where you're computing the hash of the parent by hashing the two children that are concatenated. The top one is a different memory layout. This is Proto Lambda's implementation on Remarkable. The point is that it's the same kind of hashing.  This is fairly, fairly inefficient. This is a Go implementation. This is also Jim's implementation. This is a production implementation. And then again, the same thing. This is slightly more complicated because it takes into account other things, but the highlighted line is the point is the point where you're hashing and you hash one node as the hash of the two children. And you do this on a loop. For each pair of children you hash once, you call the hasher and you get one hash. Okay, so I want to tell you what is the right way of hashing a miracle trick. And it's fairly, fairly simple. So there's two things that we want to exploit. We want to exploit the fact that our hash is exactly 64 bytes. That's the thing that we want to hash. So remember how is it that we padded our message into a multiple of 64 bytes? Well, our message is already 64 bytes. But unfortunately, we need to add one bit to tell the message ascended. So that's the first bit there. The problem is that since we added that bit, now we need an entire block. And the entire block is all made of zeros except this little bit one here. And that bit one here is saying the message was 64 bytes. So that bit there is the 512 bits that the message was. But the point is that this block is known. It's known before we started hashing. The whole block is known. And in order to compute the scheduled words, we only need to know the message. We don't need to know the hash of the previous block. So whenever we hash 64 bytes, we can already compute the scheduled words for this entire block. And we can do this now. We have them so we can hard port it in the hasher itself. This is something that the Bitcoin community learned and they have it in their standard node. So the, I don't know how is it called. I think it's Bitcoin Core, the client. And it has it there. And no Ethereum client used this. So I was surprised when I found this out. So we can steal this from the Bitcoin community. And indeed, so Prism uses this library. Loads that are also implemented this. And just by implemented this, you get at least 20% gain on your hashing speed. Just this, no changes on your code. Just include this hard code words. The second one is vectorization itself. And vectorization, this is also something that is implemented already. If you have several messages that you need to hash at the same time, there are libraries to do this. Intel has a very good library. And all I need is just change the signature of that library. But the point is that you can be hashing several buffers at the same time. If you have, so this is a way of like encoding the words again, you're gonna take, this is the message that you want to hash. So these are the 16 words corresponding to this node here, the zero note. Then you're gonna have 16 words corresponding to this one that you want to hash, 16 words for these two and 16 words for these two. And what you're gonna do is collect the first double word from this one, the first double word from this one, the first double word from this one and the first double word from this one into one register. That's if you have registers that are 128 bits. If you had AVX12, you would collect eight of them at the same time. And again, if you have AVX512, you can do 16 at a time. The point is that you can hash, in one pass, you can hash up to 16 blocks on AVX512. And you can do the same thing for the words themselves. So the digest consists of eight double words. If you have registers that are 128 bits, you can put four of them in one register and then you use eight such registers for the eight words of the digest and you can hash four blocks at a time. So this is, again, this is a library that exists. So all I'm selling you is something that already exists. It's not that we're rolling out our own crypto, is I need to brag about something. I was told as a student that if you're giving a talk, you need to brag about something that you did yourself. And I guess this is something I did. Of course, the assembly for Intel and AMD, Intel's libraries, I'm not gonna beat it. Unfortunately, Intel, or reasonably Intel, does not produce assembly for ARM. And there's something interesting here. ARM assembly, I told you that every library out there uses vectorization to compute the scheduled words. That's not true on ARM. On ARM, OpenSSL had a library using neon instructions, vector instructions to compute the hashing, and it turned out to be slower than scalar. So most libraries for ARM do not use scalar instructions. However, if you're gonna hash a miracle tree, you can hash several blocks at the same time, and that's very, very much, much faster than hashing them on scalar. So the pipelining for ARM, I think it's purely mine. Let's say that you want to use this library and you want to implement it. So there are changes to your code. So the changes are following since, let me go back a few slides, perhaps. Ah, it did have a pointer. Oh, I'm just technology at first. Okay, anyways, let's see. This is the, so as I told you, I'm gonna hash with this kind of registers, we can hash, ah, now I have a pointer. Of course, with this kind of register, I can hash four blocks at a time. That means that I can compute this entire layer in one pass of the hash. So instead of passing on a loop and hash this to, hash this to, hash this to, and so forth, what I'll do is, and this is a requirement, you cannot use Proto's implementation that has pointers everywhere and the data can't be anywhere. If you want to use this library, then you need to have, at the very least, this entire layer consecutively in memory, and this entire layer consecutively in memory, and so forth. Vitalik's flat array would work fantastic for this thing. If I were to implement this, I would just put everything on one array. The point is that, what you're gonna pass to the hasher is a pointer to this, or this whole slice, whatever equivalent signature for this is, and the hasher is going to give you back all of this at the same time. So this is something that you need to change. The hasher signature for this has this form. So in Go, this takes an arbitrary byte slice, so this is the layer that you want to hash, and it gives you back a slice of hashes, of 32 bytes, these hashes, all of them at the same time. I think I might have gotten this correctly in Rust after several iterations. This would be in Python. We have a library, we have two libraries. We have one in Go assembly, and we have one in Usure assembly with C bindings. If you are going to use that, let me know because crypto extensions on ARM is still not implemented. It's gonna take like 10 minutes to add this. But this is the signature that the library's gonna use if you're using a C bindings. All right, so that's all I want to tell you, and that's it. Okay, sure, I'll just repeat that for the sake of the recording. I was just asking if the ability to process multiple different hashes in parallel was already implemented in libraries. That was the question to the answer. So there's two things that you have here, right? One is to pre-compute the padding block, and then the second is the ability to in parallel process multiple different hash values and then produce multiple different hash values, right? Correct. And so there are already implementations that do multiple different hash values at once, and you just modified them to deal with the padding block, is that right? Yes, so there are two modifications here.  It gets a matrix on the vector registers. It transposes this matrix, and now you have on all of your registers the different messages. So then you can use Intel's machinery to hash those messages in parallel.  So that's- Okay, cool. So you have, so the result is basically like, so it's in GoAssembly what you have, right? Sorry? Your implementation is in GoAssembly? Yeah, so the original implementation was just purely assembly, this is there. It has C bindings, but the C Go overhead is horrible, so it ended up being slower than using the Go implementation, the standard library in Go, so we needed to write a GoAssembly library to use ourselves. Yeah, okay, cool, well done. Very good, very impressive. Thanks. So I was curious, you've shown that there are always optimizations you have to do to get around the general purpose nature of these general perfect hash functions. Do you think it would be possible to design a hash function that was like a special hash function only for like- Oh, that's a good question. I'm not sure if you can do better than the current implementations, like you can take the sponge type implementations, SHA-3 and company, and you can try to adapt this for this. I don't know. I think, yeah, your question is completely open. It's a very good question. I think we should think about this. So if I understood your question asked, can there be a method that is designed for Merkle trees instead of like a generic one? In your implementation does it, so say there's some really big Merkle trees in the Beacon State, right? Is it the job of the implementation to kind of split that Merkle tree up into smaller subtrees that fit the size of your CPU? No, no, so you're saying if you have this large tree, if it's the job of the implementation in splitting into smaller trees, no, no, this is completely orthogonal to that. So what you guys are doing in LiveHouse is splitting this into smaller trees and you'd send this on different threads to compute them in parallel. This is completely different. You just pass the entire slide. So big trees is the big gain for this. You're gonna be at least hashing four times faster than the standard library. You just pass the entire slides, like all of the slides that you, of the bottom slides and what this thing is going to do is not splitting to subtrees. What this thing is going to do is grab as many blocks as possible that it can fit in your registers and then just go to the next chunk and the next chunk and the next chunk and like this. So it doesn't split in subtrees. Okay, and so you fade it all of the leaves and then it produces the intermediate leaves. It produces the next layer and then you just feed it the next layer entirely and it produces the next one. Oh yeah, I got you. So for the state, so you're thinking in the beacon state, for the state, this is incredibly fast but this is not how we hash the state because we have it in cachet typically and you just have a few nodes that you're changing.  So sometimes you have several of them that are consecutive and then you can be smart and pass this consecutive layer to this hash or you can just use whatever you're using now, just hash two blocks at a time. You're not going to get the vectorization impact but you're gonna get at least the 20% of the hard one, the padding block. Yeah, okay, cool. So I guess there's maybe like an argument for it. Maybe it's quite useful for small trees. You don't get a lot from caching. Yeah, it's not really useful for small trees. You only get the 20% of the padding block. It's very, very useful on large trees and here large means more than eight blocks. So anything that has depth more than two, this is already four times faster.


Hello and welcome back. Today I'm doing something slightly different. It's the Easter holidays and Lyra and I are both home and free because it's the holidays Lyra is one of my two nine-year-old daughters. Say hi. Hey So you might also know Lyra from her YouTube channel called Fizzy Fun I'll link to Lyra's YouTube channel in the description below Great place to go if you want to hear jokes or crafts or all sorts of stuff from Lyra and Ellie's stuff Okay, so today Lyra's going to answer 15 questions about mum that we found online because we thought that would be fun We'd have a chat about it. So number one. What is something that I always say to you? I love you I do love you That is something I say a lot isn't it? Oh and can I throw this away? I do say that a lot. I love throwing things away So in our family we were kind of converts to the Con Marie method the joy of tidying up like long before it kind Of came to Netflix and stuff. So if something doesn't spark joy, it kind of goes in the bin But maybe I'm sometimes a bit too enthusiastic with that. Is it that's right? Yeah, sometimes a lot too enthusiastic What can I say I love to throw things away Number two what makes me happy? I want to give you hugs and kisses. Yeah hugs and kisses are one of my favorite things and throwing things away. Yeah What makes me sad? When you don't see us for a while Yeah, so I'm away for work quite a bit aren't I and sometimes I'll be away for two or three days and that makes us all sometimes on the week Occasionally a week, but we talk on FaceTime don't we and that's good and then when I'm here in the holidays It's nice, isn't it? So yeah, rough on the smooth rough on the smooth if I was a Character from a TV show or a book or film. What character would I be? Do you think Lyra? Matilda because you'd love to read books. I Totally thought I was Matilda reading up. I read that book like 40 times when I was about six or seven. Yeah, I Love Matilda. That's a good choice anyone else. Who would you be? Well, of course, I think you would be Lyra Balakua because that is who you're named after Lyra from the Northern Lights When my husband Tom and I were pregnant with Lyra, then when we were thinking through names We had a lot of disagreement over names but we agreed on Lyra because so the Philip Paulman novels are set in Oxford and that's where Tom and I met when we were at university and We thought that Lyra was a really cool like feisty heroine to be named after so we gave you the name Lyra So yeah, that's who I think you'd be and I think you kind of live up to that headstrong and independent Kind of character pretty well. So yeah, I think you'd be Lyra Um What am I really good at? Piano and climbing. I love that you think I'm really good at piano So I've been learning piano for like about a year and a half maybe but we learn maybe yeah, we learn using an app Don't we so? Yeah, we have this app and it gives you like three stars if you learn to play the next song really well And I really only started because you suggested it didn't you like Lyra was learning piano and I said I always wanted to learn piano so I was like, well, why don't you then? So now we learn together using the app. Thank me another thing that I made you do Like what else? Like in making you drive. Oh, yeah I used to be really really scared of driving. So I learned to drive when Just before I felt pregnant with Lyra and then when I was pregnant with Lyra I had like loads of diesel spells and stuff So I didn't drive and then I didn't drive for years because I was too scared and then one day I kind of like said, oh, I'd really like to learn to drive again. So you made me didn't you? What did you do? How did you make me? I said right tomorrow morning? We're getting into the car and you're we're getting into dad's car and we're gonna drive We did it every day for a while, didn't we that like five o'clock in the morning in our pajamas And now I drive everywhere. I drive like thousands of miles every month. So thanks Lyra And actually my car is one of my happy places And so and what am I not very good at?  I need to do something about that at some point Oh, no, I did eat a jacket potato with you a while ago. Didn't I? Yes, but you aren't gonna be having any a presumably not any new potatoes on Sunday. No No, it's the Sunday. No, I'll have other things though one day. I'll get back on the potato bandwagon Not quite ready yet. What makes you proud of me? I Everything Do you want to tell you what makes me proud of you? What makes me proud of you is how you try really hard of stuff and How if you can't do something at first that you keep on trying and you're really good at problem solving and finding different ways round stuff I like how you like if you can't do something on the piano You don't just give up straight away. You just keep trying until you get it We're both quite good at that actually aren't we like there was a piece we were both trying to learn that maple Oh, yeah, and we tried so many times. I still haven't got three stars But yeah, but we both keep trying and trying and trying don't we?  So next question is what are things that you and I do together a lot? Probably playing games in the evening So we've introduced this new thing in our family happy in the evening where we have like completely screen-free time And it's not just screen-free actually like we are not allowed to do tidying up or anything. Are we it's just family time basically? And we play games then family time and what games do we play then? Geisters blitz twist or sometimes sometimes we never the weather's nicer than we play outside Yeah, you were teaching me to pogo stick. Why aren't you that was pretty fun and skip him Yes, you're being hula-hooping Because we've got a huge hula hoop. Yeah, so we love that Maybe you should make a video about how to hula hoop one time. Oh The next question. How are you and me the same or similar? We've got our funny chins. We have got the same chin And then how are we different?  That's true You're more wrinkly All right, I I like reading fiction Like stories you like reading non-fiction don't you about people like you're reading that rebel girls book at the moment And but I like reading stories Not the same I like things to be tidy I Like things to be tidy, but I never bothered to tidy so they aren't How do you know that I love you? you tell us when Like you tell us that you love us when we're having hugs and kisses and stuff. I do love you Millions if I had an extra million pounds, what do you think I'd spend it on? And a really really good editing suite I Might be able to buy a few other things as well But yeah, that would be that'd be a good first thing actually I think we both want that and you know What else I would buy I'd buy you your own Mac book so I could get mine back Yeah, because I always steal mom's Mac book Yeah, so we've all got our own computers in this house, but I'm the only one who uses a Mac But it turns out that when you're editing video that a Mac is the way to go so Often I want to use my computer, but Lyra's using it to edit her YouTube videos. So Yeah, that's the thing I'd buy What's my favorite thing to do? Climb climb What's your favorite thing to do? Probably make slime make slime Lyra makes a lot of slime.  What do you think I don't like doing? Sitting and having like a big dinner with loads of people. Oh, yeah, that's so true Yes, sitting and having a big dinner with loads of people not my idea of fun.  To be proud of myself and not worry about like what's different about me Yeah, be proud to be you you do you Have a cell phone you as well about Ellie going Yeah, we can hear Ellie in the background. Well, there we go. Have you got any final questions you want to ask or anything else Why do you like to tidy up so much? I Don't like having too many things Like so I prefer to have fewer things and to really enjoy them than to have loads and loads and loads of things So I read this book a little while ago that was all about like mindful consumerism and minimalism And it just made me want to throw away Everything yeah, so I wanted to have fewer clothes fewer just fewer items in my house and Not to buy many things but when I did buy them to like really think about whether I actually wanted and needed this thing and So then I don't buy so much, but the things I buy I really enjoy Yeah That's why And also when you have less stuff you don't have to do too much tidying up that's all so important Why do you like making YouTube videos about mental health? So mental health is my job. So I kind of teach people about mental health And the reason I like making YouTube videos about it is because so I quite often will go You know when I go away for work and I speak at like big conferences and things but not everyone can come to them And also I usually get like an hour and I've got so much to say And so the videos mean that all sorts of different people can learn from this Even though they might not be able to come to those events so people from all over the world And I can say more stuff so I can help teach people basically and I can yeah provide Free teaching resources for people to learn about mental health because I think it really really matters Because as you know, I've been very poorly with mental illness in the past haven't I with my eating disorders and things like that and Yeah, I think it's important that people know how to help people like me basically And it wasn't nice when you were When you were ill it wasn't nice when I was ill was it no Because you only see you once a week. Yeah, you only got to see me once a week That wasn't ideal But when you did come you always drank that hot chocolate. Didn't you and it was so good Hot chocolate is good and you like going around in the wheelchair, didn't you? But yeah, I think we're gonna try and avoid that again. Aren't we yeah, try and stay well stay home. Yeah, because the classes Well, okay pluses but they were like we could just um Well, we could just have hot chocolate at home with mum not being in the hospital Yeah Right, I think that's a rep, isn't it? Why won't you buy me a mac book? Actually, I'm gonna make a deal with you on camera pinky promise right I will match fund you so if you save up Towards half the cost Of like say refurbished mac book air. I'll make up the other half So you've got to get saving How much is it? I reckon So you've probably got like nearly 300 pounds in your account at the moment if you can save it up to 600 pounds Then I will pay for the mac book. That's gonna take like that's gonna be when I'm like 16 Well, you get money for birthdays and things and you can always earn extra money by doing chores and stuff Oh, okay. Uh, what tour am I gonna do to more 60 chores am I gonna do today? I don't let's go right list Let's get do it. Bye


Here are three advantages women have that when channeled effectively form the foundations of great leadership. Evolutionary, women served as the glue that helps drives together, they developed relationships and maintained social ties. Studies show that women tend to display better team building skills, which helps organizations create a harmonious, collaborative and inclusive culture. Secondly, women are naturally more empathetic and emotionally sensitive. While providing stereotypes about sensitivity as a weakness, empathy actually makes individuals better at listening, understanding and communicating. Studies have shown that women demonstrate higher levels of compassion than men and are often more receptive to listening to concerns and offering feedback. This helps build trust and can be an advantage when securing clients. That brings me to my third point. Women are better at decoding body language and interpreting non-verbal communication, which makes them effective problem solvers. Women tend to be intuitive and are able to understand situations by absorbing various types of information, which helps them understand the other side of the position when negotiating deals and it also helps them be more persuasive. As a woman, channeling a feminine approach to leadership can be a huge strength. As an employer, it's important to support diversity, encourage people to play to their unique strengths and close the gender gap because it has a positive long-term impact on overall employee psyche as well as on the bottom line.


Ukraine already has 165 Lepid-1 tanks. The total number of Lepid-1 tanks currently bound for Ukraine is likely to be 165. It has emerged in reports, but there are concerns about their effectiveness in modern combat according to the Kiev post-media outlet. Earlier this week, Western European media outlets reported that 50 Lepid-1 tanks had been purchased by a secret country on behalf of Ukraine. It was confirmed later that the 50 used vehicles were in fact purchased by Rheinmetall, one of Germany's defence industry leaders from OIP Land Systems, a Belgian company. Rheinmetall, the German firm that initially designed and built the Lepid-1 40 years ago, announced it would refurbish 30 of the acquired batch for Ukraine as part of a Belgian initiative. That should bring to at least 165 the number of Lepid-1s bound for Ukraine. Military material specialist and Forbes writer David Axe said the 165 tanks represent the combined current commitment by Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands, as well as the pledge by Belgium to fund the acquisition and refurbishment of Lepid-1s for Ukraine. It won't belong before the Lepid-1 A5 is Ukraine's most numerous western-made tank. Kyiv's forces have received or soon should receive 54 Lepid-2A4s, 10 Lepid-2A5s, actually Swedish versions of that type, plus 21 Lepid-2A6s. They've also received 14 British Challenger IIs, 31 American M1A1s are en route, Axe calculated. Axe believes that due to their abundance and availability, the Lepid-1 and American M1 are likely to become Ukraine's main western tanks.


Hey, I'm Colom. This is Ludivine. Oh, sorry, maybe a bit closer. And we are from OSP, open source publishings. I'll talk to you about OSP quickly and then pass over. So OSP likes to define itself as a sort of a caravan. A caravan in the sense that the group of people that work with and along with OSP is never really the same. It's always changing. And some people commit all their time to it and then less time. So it's very hybrid. It changes all the time. And the group concentrates its activities around like several different fields, somehow related to graphic design sooner or later. Some of the work is commissioned. A lot of the work is research. There's some educational ideas and workshops done by the group. The group tries to travel. And if anything, OSP tries to never really, thank you, settle down. Settle down in the sense of never get too comfortable with a way of working. Always try and question a way of working, whether it fits a certain purpose or whether it fits them and research a lot different possibilities. So we're going to give you a quick talk about a project that we could call A Long School Offences. And there you go. Okay, so what's new at OSP? What is new is that we have now a place, a place to work together. From one year and a half, we occupy a room at Variable, or Variable of Variable. It works in the three language. This is a house where Constan, the association, is in residency until summer 2040. So we have a place for store or cooking tools, or collections of aprons and plotters. And for sure it's also a place to meet together and to welcome people, to meet people from outside, to invite them. So the thing is, so it's great. We are so happy. The thing is that after one year, six months one year, we realized that having a workspace brought on an organization resembling other graphic design offices. So we felt a bit uncomfortable to see this glitch into some studio rhythm and habits which goes a bit against our practice and the logic of the tools we use. Because this logic is more seeking to remain awake and constantly relearning. So we just ask ourselves, is that what we really want? Wouldn't we want to focus more on research and new fields? So to bring back a bit of fresh air, we decided to revamp the trip and to travel again together, to revamp the print party and to all these activities that define OSP to get back together, to see things under a different light and to go forward together. So what you see here, perhaps you have helped me too, is just pictures of different workshops we made. And in this urge to extend and diffuse that knowledge and exchange with others and through our experience of workshops, print party and courses because most of us are also teachers. So we realized and we noticed how some of the context, conditions of our practice can create frictions. Most of the problems come from the initial crowd and clumsy positioning of educators relative to students, to the students. So the question is, is it the school frame or the academic setup that goes too far into fixing roles? Or is it the student or the participant themselves that we keep comfortable in the waiting postures? Or is it just us that our way to bring new objects without finding the ways to make them solidify? The educator and educated relation is something that we must perhaps be rid of. Is it time to reimagine the new school context? And is it time to jump over the school fences? Okay, so I'm Stephanie. I'm the next OSP here. So like Ludivine said, we encountered quite some limitations during our different workshops or different schools we teach in. And when we are invited or when we are hired in a school, we have to adapt ourselves to the institution and to the methods applied there. And we noticed that using free software in such frames often doesn't work because it raises a lot of questions. There are really different tools, tools that students are not familiar with. So it's a technical approach that we have to show, but also a cultural and artistic approach. So that's a lot of stuff to bring in. And because we are also learning ourselves every day with our work, it's really hard to combine an experimental approach in a very institutional school. So as Ludivine said, we are wondering if we could reverse the model of a teacher-student. Can a student become a teacher at some point? Or can we just try to remove that line? And so we noticed with our different interns sometimes we are too busy with our work to take care of them and we were really interested in some experimentations, for example with MetaFont, and we asked our interns to explore this. And in the end they became our teacher and then we were so excited that we all went into getting our hands dirty with that. It was a really great way to exchange knowledge. So the institution I was telling about is also the space because we are in the physical space of someone else. We have to comply to their rules and their methods. So that's why we try to make this happen in our own space in a variable in a Belgium process to try to not be influenced by such rules. The amount of time is also an issue. Usually in workshops it's a very short workshop in either one day or five days and we experienced this year during four months. We were going to a school one week a month. So it was a much longer time. Those who teach are teaching all year long so it's a different time frame. But during workshops where we push for experimentations it's really hard to, because the students expect a production, it's really hard to bring the aspect of actually not necessarily end up with production. We are interested in the travel. There's this beautiful quote that Pierre found on Tango saying that Tango is very baroque and not classical because it's the trip which is important and not the goal. He replaced the Tango by free software and found it very beautiful. So we are interested in the trip, in the experiments and rather than the end object and if we end up with a great project at the end it's great. So we will talk about the work sessions that we thought of later but we should have looked a bit more at what was existing and happening now actually like Interactivus 2014 who made an open call for projects to be developed, research and projects who don't exist yet and looking for people who don't know how to make them either or in all looking, searching together. Okay, so now with OSP we're growing, we're even more than 10 people and even if we decided to collaborate together it's sometimes hard to collaborate at more than three people without getting mad. And it's even harder to collaborate while trying to keep everyone busy with all the different aspects of the project so not to make like streamlining the process or trying to keep everyone involved in all the places. So on one hand we are using tools, I'm thinking about Git but there are many examples, mailing lists, many other tools that are already very complex and intelligent tools. If you look at Git for instance it's quite an articulated tool to collaborate but it addresses certain issues but on the other hand we also feel the need for other tools or new tools, tools that can help us to design together, to take decisions together, etc. And also importantly to give everyone a voice as well. So yeah, we need to... Well, I don't have much slides, many slides. So we need to... The question is how we can create new tools to collaborate and what are the tools we can imagine and also before speculating on new tools or in parallel maybe, is there any existing tools in other fields that we could reappropriate to work together and tools that can create a richer experience and not like I said before, not streamlining the process but rather enriching the experience of everyone involved in the process. So when we talk about tools, we don't only think about like of course digital tools, tools, mechanical tools or special tools but it can also be like social, intellectual tools even physical tools. And so we are actually using these tools every day but some tools are so deeply internalised that we don't even realise no more there are tools. So for instance, the fact that we can just sit together in this room and listen silently for hours is already quite something impressive I think if you think about it. But we don't realise it no more because it's very internalised socially. So when we talk about tools, we also think about this kind of tools, tools to invent. And I would like to give you a small example of one tool we are trying to explore right now and it's not like ideal tool, it's even problematic in some cases but it's something called sociocracy and it's a social tool. I will make you a very like a simplified explanation because it's much more complex and I also don't know much very well all the big picture. But basically the principle is that everyone sits in circle so we use this kind of tool when we want to... I was about to say to have a consensus but the people who invented this technique talk about consent. So when we want to let's say reach a decision and we don't agree and sometimes it's hard to get your voice heard because you're not very comfortable speaking in public or whatever. So basically everyone sits in circle and everyone speaks each in turn and there is no interruption possible and the speaker changes when the previous speaker doesn't have anything to add and so you speak in circle like this until the consent is reached and there is no more objection and you can reach this consent or not consensus but consent. I don't know. I'm in time. Yes so I will be super quick because I like the fact that everyone tries to keep it short but maybe something to question also is the object itself. We've seen that when we insert free software in a school as an object it's immediately a question and to help us think with as Chris was saying yesterday let's raise big names for three minutes. Jacques Coteau was 200 years ago a teacher, a French teacher forced by the political government to teach French literature to Dutch students in Belgium and he wasn't speaking Dutch at all so he found a book in the library with a translation and he gave that book to the student insisting for them to study super closely a few paragraphs and by seeking all the articulation to at some point learn the whole literature from that super particular situation and it seems that it has worked well well enough to inspire a lot of psychologists of the education and to make Jacques Rancière a French philosopher to wrote a book called The Inherent School Master that tried to catch exactly what happened and taking into as a hypothesis that anyone can teach something that he don't know if he use a fertile third object the book in the case of Jacques Coteau and or ambitious intuition could be that the free software could be that object for our school and the third name is even a bit more trickier to bring here it's Winnicott that roughly said try to explain that when you are super young, a baby your mother try to make you accept that her breast is not part of you and that's an illusion by giving you cutlet or peluche or doodoo in French to make you understand that you can have some level of confidence and security but in the same time when you lose it you cry and maybe after a few minutes you have it back but you need to be autonomous regarding that object and after you develop and you use other kind of object and the idea of Stiegler, another philosopher who full of idea is that that object could be called as a pharmacone as something that can intoxicate the society through passive consummation but could be super fulfilling if you gain autonomy with it and our intuition is to do something with that for the school So how do we work with such an object? For one, enthusiasm is very important how can we have students get their hands dirty because getting your hands dirty is the only way to learn We know, we can imagine, for example, learning about layout and the shared object of all this technology through doing a manual type setting which would be a dirty experience but software is often clean and we've been trying different ways of having the bodily experience sort of enter this and see is there, how can you have the same experience of fiddling and of trying and of learning by trial and error in this shared object of the free software So this is in Valence and then we go to Pierre I definitely can't speak as fast as Eric so because we ran short of time and some key words from my conclusion that was towards digital sensitivity commit to the collective deal with irritage and revolve and that will be enough I think So WorkSession 1, can it scale to the universe? Exactly WorkSession 2, stroke font and meta font and WorkSession 3 is open with CASC So welcome So there's an email if you're interested in participating