Hello everyone, welcome to today's live stream. I am Robin Shaw Just having a snack right now Setting things up Good to see some students here. Let's take a look at venu your first. Hey man. How's it going? How was your weekend? It was great. I did a lot of work filming videos all weekend Laila's here Laila says yesterday is raining all day. What about the weather you are? Yeah, I think I saw your Video in the WhatsApp group the raining video Laila The weather here is just cold not raining not snowing just cold around zero degrees Sleepwalker, hello To do to do going down. That's it. We only have three people Come on. Where's the rest? Let's get them in here the late students. Oh Tika's here. Hello. This is my snack Caramel wafer It's very sweet To give me energy To answer your questions All right, let's go into I'm going into the whatsapp now just to bring in some students Say hi I'm just so hungry and I was worried. I don't have enough energy to do the Livestream You're on YouTube. Yeah, we should get a few more people coming Laila, do you still film videos with the teachers? Yes, I do Um Let's see I can give you a little bit of peek of what I did today too many screens. You're okay here What did I do today? I'll give you a little peek So this is Alexandra. We're working on the green screen today My questions as quickly as possible. Here we go Are you feeling okay? Yes, I am. All right. That's it. You just got a little peek Yeah, but filming a lot of videos because I'm also filming videos for I'm filming videos for shy English And I'm fitting I'm filming videos for my IELTS Channel and IELTS channel is not open yet. So don't ask me but Soon I'll have a new IELTS channel and new videos all coming soon And maybe there'll be some new teachers on learning English live, so I'll try to get some new teachers here also Michelle hello Frida. Hello Tika says it has been on so long it has been there you go good grammar It has been so long since the last time I watched your live streaming. How have you been doing? I'm doing the same How have you been doing? Do we hello and we have a new person here. It looks like a A name from Vietnam and I can't pronounce that but you say hello. I say hello the home Revin Padvy. Hello Layla, I like caramel wafer wafer. Yes, so I wanted to say wafer So I was like waffle, but it's actually wafer. That was my mistake That's not my dinner. That's just a snack Kavino Kavin with English sure was any video created within this week. I am making the videos I am not uploading the videos yet All right, we have a question from Alex. Hi Robin. Can you could you explain the difference in meaning between these ten? sentences he is Gone he has gone. Okay. Let's get my whiteboard ready my digital whiteboard Taking me longer to set up here. Let's get the Digital whiteboard there too many things too. All right What was the question? I already forgot the question. Oh, you got the nice verse Okay, I hope you're still watching sorry for the delay. What's this? Enable this item. All right. I think it was not enabled Reload All right, there we go finally. That's a nice little icon there, but we don't need that All right, what's the difference between these two sentences? Let's take a look He had he is gone he has gone you got two different grammar here This is the present simple and the present Perfect. So when do we use the present perfect in many cases? We use the present perfect. That's small So the present perfect tense refers to an action or a state That either occurred Or a bit will make it simple that has occurred at Indefinite time in the past. So he has gone So he left he's gone Where did he where did he leave from? I don't know but there's something that happened in the past and he is gone That's gonna be your present simple. You're stating right now. He is gone You're not talking about the past. You're talking about right now So simple. This is more of a past reference and this is more of a reference right now, of course, this is This is talking about now he he is not here now he has gone home Yeah, maybe I should put home and he is gone home. He's he's gone. Let's make a contraction So if we have a dialogue and someone asked where's Not that wears wears John Be safe. He's gone or He has gone home. All right, so both of them basically mean the same thing John is not here So he's gone would just mean right now. His status is not here. He's gone and He has gone home. I want to tell you in the past there was a point Where he went home? Okay, so yeah, this is a grammar question. It's taken a lot of time I can't go into too much detail just a basic basic idea Alex. I hope you that helps you a little bit more Saphiro Fatima for e. Hello Move my chat over here. How much time do you think you'll need to finish filming the videos? I'm filming a lot of videos. So another a couple months Sleepwalker has a question Robin what kind of food did you like when you came to Korea is something unusual which is unique to Korea? I'm not a foodie. I'm definitely not a foodie. I'm not someone who likes food.  I don't like special food When I came to Korea Yeah, there was not really any Korean food that I was like wow so delicious, you know There's some Korean food that I like of course, but I'm not a foodie. I don't get excited about any food Wherever I go. I just like basic food. So Sorry to disappoint sleepwalker. I know a lot of people watching now. You love food. You love to talk about food All I can do today is Wafer, I like wafer caramel wafer But that's not Korean food Slamet super Jodo. Hello And Dewey says hi Slamet welcome join us. So Dewey's very nice. What's Layla saying here when I When I have many images and I keep them on the computer, but because of some technical issues happened there I lost all that memories. Could I say everything is gone? Everything Has gone No Would say everything is gone You just want to state the fact Because you're not focusing on the past. You know, I'm not the best way I'm not the the best person to explain Easily this grammar, but you you're just stating the fact that something occurred everything is gone You're just stating it. It is gone right now. It is gone. You're not focusing on the past We we know it happened in the past, but you're not focusing on the past. You're saying right now. It's gone Okay Could I say everything has gone? No, that would be very awkward. No Tika in routines barely a free time is always time for English.  She likes the watermelon taste.  She likes the watermelons taste. She likes She likes the watermelon taste Yeah The problem Layla is it's not so common to make these kind of sentences So you're trying to make these sentences good and you're trying to practice these sentences It's very rare to see these kind of sentences because they're they can be confusing even to native speakers Uh, but this is okay.   She likes the watermelon taste. This is correct But again more more commonly we would just say She likes the taste of watermelon All right, that's how a native speaker would express it. You're trying to do it the other way Yeah, that's okay, but this is the better way to express that Uh, okay, this is from vj saloni difference in meaning. I okay difference in meaning I asked her but she didn't say or Or I asked her but she wouldn't say okay. There's a little bit difference But the basically they mean the same thing the words didn't come out of herself I asked her but she didn't say And the reason why we don't know the reason This one I'm gonna say is a little More negative I mean her motives was negative. She wouldn't say she I'm not gonna say This one she didn't say we don't really know why Uh Why she didn't say that information? Uh So I can't say it's negative because I don't really know why she didn't say that I asked her but she didn't say maybe she forgot to say and that's not bad Uh, but this one she wouldn't say Is kind of it's negative somehow she refused She refused to say That information so that's a little bit different. They mean the same thing But uh, the wouldn't A little more negative like she doesn't want to cooperate. She really doesn't want to tell you The didn't we don't know why not And Kavinu All right, Kavinu sir, you know what I have been doing studying your video every day video for the last two weeks Which videos, uh You don't need to study so many videos. Uh, Kavinu, I would love it if you started reading more. So Kavinu Watch less videos Read more Kavinu find something in English to read because you're you're young You gotta start reading more that will improve your English read read read read Farida says Could you tell us what's the difference between? Not to go And to not go well you didn't give me sentences So I gotta find some example sentences because I do not have example sentences in my mind immediately I have decided Oh, this is a this is a good one for the second one To not go there we go Let's highlight it in a Pink can you guys see that pink? All right That's a terrible green All right, uh, not to go I have decided not to go to that country and I've just I have decided to not go to that country Well, basically this is the correct answer So If you're writing an essay or something You want to write this this is the best english That's a good color I have decided not to go to that country But I've decided to not go to that country. This might be more of a spoken Spoken expression. So you might hear you're you're gonna hear this phrase you're gonna hear both of them Uh, actually I have decided to not I might have this backwards. I think I have this backwards. It's confusing to me Because we I use them both myself. I'll use both expressions. I have decided not to go Uh to that country I have decided not to go to that country. I have decided to not go Uh to that country. Yeah, I think it's this way. I'm confused now myself, but this should be the correct one I've decided To I gotta check that you were confusing me tonight. Where did you find that? No, no I've decided no, no, I know I know the reason this I was right the original time. I'm gonna follow another So there's a rule in english You cannot split infinitive. So if you have Uh an infinitive to go. This is called the infinitive form Um, uh, you're not allowed to put a word In in the middle of to and go you're not allowed to do that in english So I know this rule. So if we follow this rule To go that is not split But here it is split. So Technically grammatically this one must be wrong if we follow this rule in english. So you cannot split infinitives So I know this must be the correct one. I have decided not to go to that country I have decided to not go to that country and right here This is you're still gonna hear this many many native speakers are gonna use this one too But yeah, if you are writing an essay, I would say this is the correct one to use just because we cannot put A word here between the to and the go. We cannot put a word. Okay I'm pretty confident about that if you want to fight that show me a link. All right. So we have dwee Oh, let's get rid of that color She hopes to set up a new world record. So what what are different? What is different? Between What is different between set up and set out? Well, both of these are are phrasal verbs Uh So they're both phrasal verbs. That means they have many meanings Set up has many meanings set out as many meanings. She hopes to set up a new world record Actually, I think the better sentence She hopes to set a new world record is The better sentence, but you said you see set up I I don't know that seems to be wrong to me. She hopes to set up a new world record, but you know, someone might have said that I don't think set needs up. But if someone says set up a new world record It's possible someone said that and set out In this case is more of a Uh a goal So she is I can say she is set out to Get a new world record This is more of her plan Our goal to get a new world record set out, but She has set out to get a new world record It's a little strange too, but it's possible in this case set out means her goal is to go get a new world record This case set up means achieve So this is a a plan in action and this is the actual accomplishment Okay Where did you see that? Do we Big Joe hello Brady, I'm in love with chocolate. All right. I think I'm a little behind Layla I tried to make some examples with compound adjectives with hyphenated. I will bring them here. Okay, Alex Is there a difference between okay, Alex? Thanks for your question There's a difference between these things. I'm gonna nip down to the shops and I'm gonna nick off That doesn't that sounds like British English I'm not British Yeah, that's these are British slang So we have Nip down, which means Go quickly I I'm I'm not British.  You're learning slang from all around the world and I don't even use this slang. I don't even know the slang because I'm not from the uk. I'm not from australia So I'm gonna nip down. Let's look your sentence. I'm gonna nip down to the shops Which means I'm gonna go quickly to the shops And then australian slang, uh, they might use this In other countries, but I don't use this. I'm gonna nick off to the shops And I think I think this will just be I'm gonna go to the shops So what's the difference? They sound very similar They sound very slim similar. The only difference is who says it. So uk people And I don't know if it's all of uk or just london or just scotland. I don't know But people in that region will use this expression Americans don't use this canadians don't use this And according to the internet australians use nick off, which means go Okay, alex. I hope that helps you I try this is from leila. I try to be an open my I try to be an open my Something or you're forgetting a noun you need to use put person You have on so you have to have a noun person I try to be an open-minded person about different thoughts. Okay. He was a well behaved boy Okay, he sounds like A cold-blooded bantamine. Okay. This is a three-wheeled bike. Okay.  Do we need that hyphen in open-minded? I don't think we need that there It it can go there, I guess, but I don't I don't know if we need it Yep, I guess we need it there. So that's right Well behaved All right, that's okay cold-blooded He's a cold-blooded man. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, it looks fine. That's all right From what I can see Chinese person. I think it's Chinese looks Chinese All right. Good question. I hope you're still around. I don't know your name Could you talk about what are the differences between plenty of interesting And a number of And a lot of Actually, this came up this came up today in my filming because a teacher used plenty of and It didn't match the The sentence they were saying, okay, so let's Let's put them in a sentence. There are plenty of Flowers No, that's there are plenty of cookies There are a number of cookies There are A lot of cookies okay, so Oh, I put up twice and get rid of that one of those A lot of off cookies What's the difference? Well, basically they mean the same thing. We have many cookies We have many cookies But in usage, I'm going to put My favorite is always a lot of So in English A lot of works everywhere. All right You know, if you're You don't have to say much. You don't have to say many. You don't have to say Uh, so many words just a lot of if you can learn a lot of and how to use a lot of A lot of helps you in so many different Situations and sentences speaking about amounts Because it works well with countable nouns. It works well with uncountable nouns a lot of pollution Things like that a lot of water. So it works Everywhere so a lot of is the best one to use for usage But a lot of is Very basic. So if you're writing IELTS Maybe you want to use Some better words like plenty of and a number of And plenty of and a number of Don't work with uncountable nouns. So as I said I can make a sentence there Is a lot of water In my shoe Shoe But I cannot say there are plenty of Waters in my shoe. Okay. Yeah No, so a lot of works Very well here with countable And uncountable Nouns Plenty of a number of works only with countable nouns And these are better words if you have a countable noun like cookies. There are plenty of cookies. There's many cookies You want to say many it's just a better word for many and it would be good for IELTS or something And same with a number of means the same thing. There's many Okay So I hope that helps you out Senior Suleiman. Hi there following from channel from Tanzania. Welcome Johnny Philip. Hey long time no see. Yep All right, so I could only earn a living living by writing novels. I have to live independently under my own steam This seems a little strange. I'm not sure but I feel under my steam Means without any help from others under my steam. Where did you get that? Let me check that Oh, that's British British phrase and well if you're all gonna check I'll go to the dictionary I'll check Oxford under my steam It's not in Oxford But it is on google This is what google says Under one's own Steam it's a phrase British So it says with reference to travel usually without And the meaning is without assistance from others other people are not helping you So we're going to have to get there Going to have to travel Under our own steam Nobody's gonna help us Okay, so this makes more sense to me.  This is not about travel so It doesn't work well And I'm not sure but I feel yeah, so If I wanted I right here I have to travel I would make it about travel. I have to travel independently under my own steam. Okay now once we add travel That makes more sense. Okay, so I hope that Helps you out Does I'm not trying to do too much mean I'm not in a hurry. No Hurry is about how fast you do something I'm not trying to do too much. I'm not trying to do Some action. I'm not trying to do a lot of action so Did you finish your cleaning your room today and b says I'm not trying To do too much in one day So did you finish cleaning your room today? And b I'm not trying to do too much in one day. So the answer is no They didn't finish cleaning the room Why they don't want to do too much work In one day So does it mean I'm not in a hurry? Indirectly like It's it's not it does not mean the same thing. But yes, we can say this person is not in a hurry But it's not a strong connection between Not doing trying to do too much in inner hurry. All right It's not a strong connection Convenience sir by the way, are you Teaching in a university or school? I'm teaching at a university Oh, we have the spammers Excuse me As you know in movies people say bad and rude words and jokes too much therefore in real life Do people say bad words as much as in the movies? Yes I'm sure in your language too. I don't know I think every language everyone says bad words even me. I say bad words So, uh, yeah, people say a lot of bad words in regular English with their friends just with their friends All right, uh sleepwalker robin. Did you come across any good apps for learning english? Maybe heard something from your students like duolingo and so on I use one app and I wonder perhaps there's Else any good one. Hmm. There's else is a little another Perhaps there's another good one Uh, good question sleepwalker. You know sleepwalker Because of my other channel show English almost every day I get emails from app companies new English app companies and when I get the email from the app company usually I take a look at the app So every day I'm looking at Uh, English apps all kinds of English apps for talking chatting Pronunciation games, you know, there's a lot of game apps for English And I got to tell you sleepwalker.  So, uh, you get into that You get into the app and you like the app and then you start using that app a lot more But I don't think apps are I don't think apps are a good way to learn English. I've seen hundreds of apps uh Some of them are good, but I don't recommend them. So usually they ask me Hey, can you recommend my app? And I'll say I'll take a look at your app I take a look at the app and I don't recommend it. Uh, there's nothing that is amazing For apps. I'm old school, which means I prefer old methods of study. They seem to be more effective.  No, no So apps, uh There's also instagram And I have instagram account and I have a lot of people on my instagram account. I know tiktok tiktok is terrible. Uh These are interesting places to learn english. I agree. They're very interesting And you can spend a lot of time on apps instagram tiktok But is it really helpful? Uh, no, I think it's creating they are creating the lazy student So they're creating they're making you learn a new way of studying and the new way of studying is with your thumb And uh, I'm old school. I want you listening to youtube videos. I want you writing I want you reading These are more effective than just passively Playing a game or looking at uh Looking at a photo or image, you know, they're okay sometimes like five minutes a day 10 minutes a day But if you're spending hours a day on tiktok or instagram or apps, that's too much I like whatsapp Uh, I don't see you on whatsapp, but I like whatsapp That's all I use for uh teaching english Hey, jonathan, sorry I didn't see you Hey, fenny. Hello If you guys disagree with me, tell me Maybe someone else here knows a good app. All right in your view, which one should I say? Okay When I'm alone, I very often describe all stuff around or surround surrounding me. All right, so let's take a look. Uh Uh I describe what is around me. I describe what is surrounding me. So this is gonna mean the same thing Which is better Depends what you're talking about, but pretty much to the same thing And we was putting this here. I describe what surrounds me just All of these can be used leila Vint Scyth Slav hello And fenny what do you have?  Uh, yeah, you're why do they have a past tense? Verb here Sometimes in the future for future we use past tense verbs Let me check that There's a lot of rules I can't get into all the rules, but yeah, there's a lot of situations We're gonna use a past tense For a future event So get used to it. You're gonna see that I'm trying to get a quick quick Easy answer. I I don't have an easy answer Uh, I I don't know the rule so I gotta find the rule But there seems to be multiple situations we can use that So I I'm not gonna spend too much time searching right now, but I'm just gonna say yes You're gonna see situations where you're gonna see the past tense used for a future event And that if statement is probably so if we made another sentence using the if Would you eat my cooking If I made it Or if I cooked it or if I prepared what would you eat my cooking if I made it So yeah make made so uh, we'll just focus on this case. There's other cases So in your if statement After the if uh, we just use past tense And actually that's a question. Why did I put a period? All right, I Got a lot of questions here. So I got to move along quickly You know, it's frustrating because a lot of these questions need a lot of time You know, it's hard to answer it in like a minute Because they're so complicated, but I got to move quickly before you came to korea Did you learn korean language or you already stated? No, I didn't learn the korean language Before before I came here. No sleepwalker. I quickly lose interest in apps to be honest. Yeah Vince slav. What does tiktok mean? tiktok is just an app Don't don't download it Yes, most of people most people you don't need most of people most people Say bad words with their friends and with their family members But I wanted to know about western culture because I notice they use rude words in the movies too much What depends on the movie? Maybe you're watching a lot of bad movies, but yeah, we you know, if I'm with my friends I'm gonna speak freely Pallavi hello Johnny philip. I think it's more like an anamona Anna maratopia Which word? Okay, moving around For a day, I've been learning English from youtube instagram and google. I personally recommend recommend those apps. Okay I use some learning apps when started studying English. Uh, does anyone use cake? If you use cake app, let me know I used to work for cake I don't recommend the cake app Pallavi sir, can I ask you something? That's why we're here for it, uh She has her comments on apps actually don't recommend English learning apps personally for in there and not as useful, okay Okay, so use the cake app Yeah, I use I'm used to make some videos for cake Uh, but I don't like the cake app anymore Honey, could we go out tonight? Oh, you beat me to it. Definitely we can go Did I use you beat me to it correctly? No You beat me to it is talking about an action So this is just a question honey, I Clean the room So we actually have an action of cleaning the room an action. Oh You beat me to it. Okay, so you I was planning to do that action, but you did it first You beat that would be an idiom you beat me to it.  Oh, you beat me to it It is possible if the action is asking the question Uh, but it's a little awkward here. I would say focus more on Some sort of real action of doing something You beat me to it All right, gotta move on Oh, did I miss a question? I'm sorry Kavinu Robin sir, you have missed my one question. I'm very sorry. I mean if I ever miss your question Just ask again this question. Okay. Can the word be pronounced that I have mentioned here strategy strategy strategy and let's go to the oxford dictionary Strategy British strategy strategy All right strategy strategy Strat Strategy strategy second conditional. Thank you. That was What I should have said the sentence includes or contains three adjectives Uh, I think includes or contains are synonyms in this case Uh, I think both can be used Includes the sentence includes three adjectives adjectives This sentence contains three adjectives. That's the same thing. All right. Thank you Oh, Jonathan, you have a good word We're gonna go back to oxford for this one Let's get pronunciation. So we see this word caveat British way caveat caveat caveat Now what does caveat mean? A warning that particular things need to be considered before something can be done So You know Jonathan it would have helped if you had a sentence Let's go to youglish Let's get a real sentence with caveat. So However, there's one major caveat to all this. All right. So he shouts out there's one major caveat And I lost it However, there's one major caveat All right one major caveat So he's talking about something and he says there's one major caveat about this So One thing we have to think about So if I One thing we have to worry about think about be concerned about so If I was using a sentence, uh I will travel to america tomorrow Or costa rica I will try not you know, I'll say I'm in planning. This might be more real. I'm planning to travel to america Next week But there is one major big caveat to think about that is getting Corona test I you have so there's one thing to think about the corona virus. You got to get the corona test. So there's one thing One thing to be concerned about the caveat So we usually use caveat when everything seems perfect, but there's one thing that we need to consider um Not a common word, uh, you will see it. I don't use it myself, but It's there. So obviously jonathan you saw and fenny If I if I want to tell About my dream last night. What grammar should I use simple past? I had a dream I dreamt Bear was chasing me All right, we have past and continuous here. So I dreamt past simple past and I What was what was happening in the dream a bear was chasing me? Okay All right, we do we use this cake? Leila uses cake Sleepwalker don't use cake Yeah, I if you see ester on cake. I made those videos. I was in the studio with ester I wrote the script. I said ester make these videos I made videos with cake with ester lin Fiona Vence vence slav every sunday this time I stream Sleepwalker memorize. That's a popular app, but I've used memorize, but it's not one of my favorites I don't know that I should use you beat me to the reactions. I'm trying another sentence Ferreta, I don't really use it. I once downloaded but didn't with okay. I Probably talking about cake fenny says when I have a conversation in english by phone or in an office meeting I'm easy to forget what they talked about. What is your suggestion about that? Well, fanny is is this a language problem or a memory problem? I'm here to help language problems. If you have a memory problem I don't know but let's see Well, you know, you have to take notes So I work at a company Anytime I go to a like a office meeting. Certainly I take notes Or I take notes with my phone because I will forget So I suggest you get a good app to take notes or you pen and paper to take notes of Of that information. I have to do it. So I suggest you do it too Ferreta, do you speak Korean? I don't speak Korean I heard a Canadian guy say describing the weather in a negative way.  I can say anything I want with speaking. I can say the weather is Ugly cold if I want But that's just my language. That doesn't mean you should copy my expression. So that's not standard English. So Students are going to be confused because I heard a native speaker say this sentence But actually that is only how they express themselves.  All right. I would teach a student to say very cold But you're going to hear native speakers use English in strange ways And it's going to be confusing. Why did he say that in a strange way? Or why did he have wrong grammar or why? You know, there's so many rules to break So he yeah, it's speaking. He can say anything he wants.  That's fine. Should you say it? I don't know you should say very cold.  I don't know why. All right, we have some more questions here I just know what the other meaning for late late can mean dead when my friends said my both parents are late No No I don't know this late is meaning dead No No, I never heard that I never heard that fanny who said that Okay I know you're confused Now it means dead Okay, so very similar. You can't you can't say my parents are late That doesn't work You have to use it here As an adjective my late parents So if you see this structure Yes, it means dead, but this structure you saw I was confused. It doesn't mean dead. It just means they're They didn't arrive on time So yeah, good. Okay. So yeah late can mean dead. That is correct. This is correct Your friend probably said My both They would have to say my late parents It's something something If they say both are late, it's Seems a little awkward Late has to come Late must come before The person that is dead my late parents My late wife Okay, we got it. We got it Interesting All right, Jonathan. Thank you You Layla dreamed and dreamt there's alternate spelling if you check oxford. They should show different spellings So what is difference if I say dreamed last night I dreamt last night no difference Uh Sahih blue layla dreamed is totally wrong. It's nor in english. I think dreamed Will be in english. Let's check you glish Dreamed is definitely in english Have more than we've ever dreamed possible We so So if we check you glish Have more than we so he's definitely using dreamed There's three thousand videos of people saying dream and uh, if you're using dreamt They're dreamt one thousand videos of dreamt So they're both used According to you glish Dreamed is more common But they mean the same thing Dreamed and dreamt Sleepwalker. Yes. I saw both versions dreamed and dreamt. Yep. That's correct. Hello win Yep, sleepwalker. That's correct No reason to be confused. Layla. They both mean the same thing All right Okay, and kavina comes in kavinu Morphological morphological So for pronunciation, it's good to go to oxford learners dictionary And everywhere they have british and uh american morphological morphological morphological I'm gonna be more to american pronunciation morphological What does it mean? Connected with the form and structure. I don't know. I don't use this word, but uh, that's so i'm not gonna worry about the meaning I don't use it, but Check, uh, oxford. You got all the pronunciation you need Farida, when is your birthday robin? My birthday was already passed last month So My birthday is gone morphological Morphological Birthday is passed Jader of veriz. Hi. Good morning. I'm from nicaragua. I've been to your country Where in nicaragua are you from? My name is jader antonio salgado al veriz Welcome to the channel okay coming to the end of the lesson Sleepwalker, huh, huh? That's true. We don't want to talk about birthdays I don't need a million people wishing me a birthday It'll break if if anyone talks about my birthday. It will break my phone. It will break my phone Fanny, I say I miss you and my friend answer. I missed you two Uh, okay Let's go back to the board Fanny got the bonus question here Uh, so They said I miss I miss you and they say I missed you too. So this case past tense Why are they using past tense? Why don't they say I miss you too? Well, no, I missed you. They're talking about all the months Or days or weeks or years before now. So they are talking about the past So yesterday two months ago. They missed you at that time Right now they're meeting you So actually you don't miss them. So I think for you it would be better to say I I missed you When you're meeting together, uh, you're together. You cannot miss each other because you are together so Missing is when you're not together So when you're together, you should say I missed you I missed you because right now I see you. I I don't miss you right now because I'm with you I missed you yesterday. I missed you the day before. So I think it's better to use missed in both cases You answered almost 50 questions more. Okay All right guys, that's it for today and I'll see you next week Same time Sunday 13 30 And we learned a lot. I guess, uh Shabee shahee blue tayong leila is the most active one here and today after a couple days I'm here to see somebody named sleepwear as as an active participant Sahee blue and tayong leila and sleepwalker Are properly using me I am a tool. I am a native speaker. I am a tool I don't have all the answers, but uh, you sh everyone should use me if you have a chance you have an english question That's why i'm here use me as a tool to answer your questions. So Sahee blue you should be asking me 100 questions next time And kavino. Yeah, you're starting to use me as a tool. That's good. That's why i'm here I want to help help you all All right, thanks a lot, uh students and I will see you next week


Dear students, in this topic, we shall discuss the role of ion channels in self-excitation. The basis of self-excitation of pacemakers is the inherent leakiness of sino-atrial nodal fibers to sodium and calcium ions. This leakiness is due to the presence of three types of ion channels in their membranes. These are the fast sodium channels, slow sodium calcium channels and potassium channels. These channels activate and deactivate at a pace that keeps the resting membrane potential much less negative. That is only minus 55 millivolt as compared to minus 85 to minus 90 millivolt in other cells. It also keeps an unstable and rising resting membrane potential due to continuous influx of sodium and calcium ions. Dear students, the fast sodium channels open immediately as the membrane potential goes less negative than minus 55 millivolt after an action potential when hyperpolarization occurs. They remain open for only few milliseconds because as they open, they let the sodium ions to immediately move inside the cell. This sodium ion influx prevents developing a stable and more negative resting membrane potential. These channels become inactivated and blocked above minus 55 millivolt. Dear students, at minus 55 millivolt and above level, slow sodium calcium channels start to open. These channels are comparatively slowly open and that is why sodium ions start to leak slowly through them. As a result, membrane potential gradually rises. This rise prevents to establish a stable resting membrane potential. In this way, even at minus 55 millivolt, the resting membrane potential is not stable but gradually rises. As this membrane potential rises at minus 40 millivolt, this is the threshold level at which the sodium calcium channels become inactivated maximally. So, the influx of sodium and calcium ions starts rapidly. That triggers an action potential. Dear students, the rise in membrane potential is slower in the range of minus 55 to minus 40 millivolts. So, the sinoatrial nodal action potential is slower to develop. The sinoatrial nodal fibers' action potential is slowly developed because of this. As compared to the action potentials of ventricular muscle fibers. Dear students, now we shall discuss the role of potassium channels. After the action potential, the potassium channels open slowly. Their opening causes the return of membrane potential back to its negative state. However, owing to their slow activation, duration of sinoatrial nodal action potential is longer.


Tihei muriora, kātangi te titi, kātangi te kaka, kātangi ho kia ho. Tihei muriora, ko entoto te monga, ko ana te roto, ko abana te awa, ko manakitanga te waka, ko habesha, ko amharana iwi, ko natiaroha te hapu, no itiapia aho, engārī e te noho oki te riu aroha, e te taketake o rumutaka, ko Yosef Aiella aho, norera e te iti, e te rahi, turinua te whare, te nākoto, te nākoto, te nākoto kātoa. My name is Yosef Aiella, my mountain is entoto, my lake is abana, and I'm originally from Ethiopia, my tribe is Amara, but my new community is Aroha, and my waka, my canoe is that of service, manakitanga, and I live in Aroha Valley, and I'm very excited to welcome you all to New Frontiers to be part of this co-created activity and event. Ia chef, the Edmund Hillary Fellowship, was founded with the mission of developing new solutions for humanity's greatest challenges from here in Aotearoa, New Zealand, and they were born with the premise that if we build a community of change makers from all over the world with different lengths and perspectives, that we can incubate solutions and create new ripples of global transformation, that we can create new types of solutions that can have a positive impact in the world. And we're inspired by the life and story of Sir Edmund Hillary, who was a humble beekeeper, grew up outside of Auckland, and he did the impossible. Was the first person to climb Mount Everest with Tenzing Norgay, but so much of his life was about the spirit of service and the spirit of community. He embodied the spirit of leveraging our talents, our unique platforms to serve the collective well-being of humans on our planet. Ia chef was founded in partnership with Immigration New Zealand, who helped co-create the first immigration policy focused on impact. A nation saying we want people who are here to change the world and help create the first policy that is taking a very transformative approach to how we identify and nurture human potential. An Ia chef was founded in partnership with the Hillary Institute. We'll hear from Mark Prane, the founding director of the Hillary Institute, which was founded with the blessing of Sir Ed himself and Helen Clark as his patron. And at the Institute, our goal is to identify and promote exceptional leaders, the Nobel Prize for leadership in the times that we live in. And we'll hear from one of the Loretts, Johan Rockstrom, later on. Ia chef was born 18 months ago and it's been a crazy, amazing and extraordinary journey. We've learned a lot of lessons, we've been humbled through that experience. So I'd like to share with you some of those lessons that we've learned. I've tried to consolidate them into ten key lessons. So the first lesson from this journey so far is that we're paving the path we're walking on. When we're creating the new frontiers of global transformation, there's no template for us to follow. And if we start from a place that we know the future, then we're failed. If there's already a path that's there and we're walking on it, then we're not creating any change. We're just doing the same things over and over again. Second lesson, communities about trust and relationships. We learned from natural ecosystems that everything in life is about relationships. It's the relationship between water, the sun, carbon and many minerals that create streets. It's the relationship between hydrogen and oxygen that creates water. If you look around all everywhere, everything is a part of relationships between very diverse beings around them. A fellowship or community is also a living ecosystem. And so if you want to build a real and strong community, then we have to invest in relationships. Lesson number three, if we're trying to create green-looking hills, then let's plant grass. If we're looking to create a forest, then we plant trees. Grass grows very fast and turns the hill very green really quickly, but it also dies fast as well. Trees take a very long time to grow. But if you step into a native forest, you see very rich life in there. And those things take time. In the start of the world, sometimes we get obsessed with the idea of outcomes. Any outcome is better than no outcome. Or let's just grow. Growth is the only answer to everything. We cannot rush solutions. We're very excited to be co-creating and creating a whole new ecosystem. A rich and diverse lush forest together here. Lesson number four, diversity is hard. Diversity does not end by having a room with 50% men and 50% women. Diversity doesn't just come up when you bring a wealthy person or someone with less means and expect for inclusion to happen magically. It doesn't emerge by just putting a whole lot of people with different perspectives and wave a magic wand and something beautiful appears out of nowhere. Diversity for us is not about virtue signalling. It is about identifying the unique gifts each person has and weaving that together with one another. You know how many of you have seen a pine forest and stepped in into a native forest? You can see the difference. In the native forest, what's really beautiful is all the different pieces of life. They're so diverse, but they're always interacting with each other. And for us, it is really about creating change and leveraging creativity at the edges, the intersections between different forms of life. And we're pushing boundaries of what diversity means to us and we're learning actively, but it is not an easy path. And that's also a big part of what we're creating in this whare right now. We're all coming from many different walks of life. Lesson number five, he tangata, he tangata, he tangata. It's about the people, it's about the people, it's about the people. Yet it is so easy to be distracted from that. You know, when we're building EHF, we're creating a community of people. We're not creating a community of organisations. Yes, organisations are amazing, but they come and go.  And the organisations that die, they turn into compost and create very rich soil and space for new life to emerge. For us, it's about accepting the natural cycles of life. But really at the core of it, it is about the humans, it is about the people. And we are here to back exceptional people to create global change. Lesson number six, systemic change does not come by add-ons. You know, if you have a heart disease and you're looking at a big juicy bacon burger, you just can't add green leaves and make the bacon go away, right? Change comes by creating a better alternative. We can't just keep on adding on to what we have if we're really committed to creating something that changes. And that takes courage. As Sir Ed has told us, it is not the mountains we conquer, but ourselves. Change does not come by add-ons. Lesson number seven, global impact starts locally. If we cannot serve our community, then how on earth can we serve the world? For us, global change is not about this ungrounded feeling and idea of scale. Our ego lacks scale, lacks big things. And sometimes as entrepreneurs, it is very easy to be motivated by the idea that we're not doing enough. But for us to really create something unique and beautiful, we've got to start here, we've got to start in our home base. And that is local. That is something that creates a rippling effect across the world. Lesson number eight, a zero-sum game road is an absolute dead end. You know, I used to be a competitive runner, and I used to find the idea of losing, the fear of losing, motivating me more than the desire to win. And I get it. But if our mission is not strong enough to motivate us, then we result to be motivated by the idea of beating someone else. We're building EHF for the premise that your success is our success, and our success is your success. That is how we create a very dense and lush forest together. We see it here in Aotearoa that when a species takes over, it's called a pest, right? Around us we see monolithic organisations and businesses, specifically in places like Silicon Valley, and all of us are kind of starting to lose trust in some of those types of organisations. If we're truly committed to systemic change, then let's not follow that path and create a new one. Lesson number nine, reality is honest, so be honest. As an entrepreneur who's very optimistic, I find it hard to always be honest. It's tough to be honest when things aren't working, when your vision isn't always aligned with what you want to create, where our past success inhibits us from changing tack when we need to. We see it here in Aotearoa where a big backbone for our economy the dairy industry has really helped us to be where we are today and it's helped us achieve a lot of success. And now when we're learning the externalities of that, it's hard for us to be really honest of what is really happening beneath the ground. If we're truly committed to creating a zero emissions economy, then we cannot bolster our way out of cowshed. Let us be honest with what's happening. Lesson number ten, and this is one I stole from one of our fellas Vicky. When you have a good idea, set it free. We're really inspired by the inspired community who are open sourcing their technologies, their ideas, their social technologies and processes. Sometimes it's very easy to get obsessed with the idea of protectionism. You've created something, you've got to put an IP in it and it's mine and it's yours. Yeah, that can work for a bit, but that kind of inhibits our progress, our collective well-being. It doesn't allow others to be part of our success. So when we birth something beautiful, let's set it free. So these are some of the ten lessons that we've been learning on this journey so far and we'll be sharing with you what we learned throughout this journey. Thank you.


NAMASKARA Nannisru Dr. Mallika Arjun Kalishti I am a consultant hematologist hemato oncologist and bone marrow transplant physician at Manipal Hospital, Bangalore So stem cells are usually bone marrow So conventionally and historically the stem cells are collected from bone marrow but now majority of the transplant is not done in adults they are injected with granulocyte stimulating factor so majority of the times when we do transplantation in adults we collect stem cells from the peripheral blood one of the aphorosis process so aphorosis procedure a patient in a blood one of the machine stem cells are only separated and the type of the blood component will return it so most of adult stem cell transplantations stem cells are collected from peripheral blood in childhood disease like thalassemia aplastic anemia we will collect stem cells from the bone marrow so donor who is there after operation we collect stem cells from the bone marrow so stem cells can be collected from the blood itself through aphorosis procedure we can also collect stem cells from the bone marrow of the donor


What's up everybody Jason for jazby's case breaks calm 2020 tops formula one chrome hobby just sold out This is a one box break random teams number 17 and again 10 total spots everybody gets a random tiered team from the list below Randomize all 10 names and 10 tiers and just as an example Let me show you cuz number 18 is back on the website, but I'm out from Merrill all the way down to Williams racing So there you go. Here's the dice roller. Here's the customer names You have Scott and we have Danny Joshua. That's sold that out Once I can guys let me fix this in the background So again, you get one random team and pretty much the first one is the main one, which is the the F1 teams and then of course The other combo teams usually the F2 All right, so roll it One of five six times good luck One two Three four Five six Boom boom Danny down to Danny six one two Three four Five six Mercedes AMG down to McLaren All right, so Danny have Mercedes AMG F1 team plus F2 dams Williams racing plus F2 Trident for Joshua Then you would be WT racing point F1 team plus F2 compost and F2 uni Where it was racing as well as option marin Red Bull racing plus F2 WBT Or BWT Scott has Haas F1 team plus F2 Carlin Joshua Alfa Romero Plus F2 Art Grand Prix Danny with Scuderia and Toro Rosso F2 MP Motorsport Joshua with Scuderia Ferrari plus F2 premium racing and then Danny with Renault DP World 1 F1 team plus high-tech Grand Prix as well as McLaren F1 team plus F2 Shroes racing system. So there you go. Anybody want to make any trades? I'll give you guys a quick minute All right, I'm assuming no trades guys Come on campy get a hat trick today. All right. Here you go. Talks come on hobby Sorry guys, I'm gonna put this down Sebastian Vitell, Pedro Piquet, Lewis Hamilton insert and a refractor Lewis Hamilton Daniel Riccardo as well as the honey badger Daniel Riccardo. I don't remember if this is the short term He's sitting down. So I feel like it is But maybe not. I think it's fine insert Either way though, it's still a nice one there. It's going to Renault Renault going to Danny Alvon and A Romain Grosheen We're stopping insert and that is a four-time world champion Sebastian Vitell There's Danny Riccardo, you know what that might have been a short print. No, it's part number nine But we got a goal. That's definitely a short print Charles Leclerc with a AMG Patronus Mercedes AMG Patronus Which is going to Danny. That's gold 70th gold as well and this is definitely a short print Charles Leclerc and that's good area Ferrari Going to Joshua nice short print right there Sebastian Vitell Lewis Hamilton and make shoemaker Lando Norris Here ghastly and Jack Eakin And Yuki F2 Carlin refractor It's going to Scott both us and Alexander Alvon Red Bull Racing Leclerc and Flying We're stopping insert Daniel toto and Come on. You need some more color. I don't think we've had enough color in it. We're stopping insert Charles Leclerc. That's a purple Shoot air Ferrari Number to three ninety nine four repacks to go Nice Lewis Hamilton. I'll take that Mercedes AMG That is going to Danny car number one Magnusson Pedro piquet refractor Two more packs Alexander Alvon Markalov Lewis Hamilton Carlos Sainz And your last pack here. We're stopping And we got a Charles Leclerc purple with an autograph here gear me That's a gold Number 41 out of 50 F2 compels racing F2 compels is Danny We did get an autograph here a nice way to end it off and that Charles Leclerc is also a very nice one right there That is a true purple car number four to three ninety nine and That is going to scoot area Ferrari, which is going to Joshua nice purple All right, nice way to end it off right there a little strong box towards the end hoping of course for we're stopping and Lewis Hamilton colors, but we did get a Lewis Hamilton base a lot of inserts of we're stopping and Lewis Hamilton So can't complain. I've seen much worse boxes So again, all of these will be top-loaded and Then of course here were some of the bigger hits Like they're purple. There's a gold autograph loose counts car number one Charles Leclerc yuki refractor Charles Leclerc short print little dinner Ricardo Well, I'm pretty sure you guys the next one's in the store guys Jasky's case breaks calm appreciate it


Jerry, hot ferox. Mind and game here. Yeah, nervous up there. Well, we're not so well off down here either. Well, the boys seem to be doing well. Sit down, sit down. Oh, thanks. Oh, my. Beautiful formation there. What is that? A nice horse Jerry's mounted on. Yes, very nice. Luke Comet is his name. A little tricky, isn't he? Just a little. But Jerry seems to be handling him pretty well. Oh, yes, yes, yes. I noticed that. Yeah. Hope it goes well. The worst part is yet to come. The worst? Yes. This part is well as easy. We'll have a little intermission after the riding formations have been gone through and judged. Then, come the jumps. Jumps, hey. That's going to be something to watch. I guess it's all pretty commonplace to you, Mr. Randall, if you see it every day in the circus ring. Oh. Major, Jerry Duggan isn't in there riding in the circus ring every day. To me, the circus riding is a job. It's a job. To me, the circus writing is a job. It's, well, it's just something to be done as well as possible to entertain the cash customers. But here, well, those kids are out there doing it for nothing. No, no, well, I guess they're not doing it for nothing. But all this excitement and the colors got into my skin in the way no circus ever could. Welcome to Fair Oaks. Get it, Randall? Oh. Oh. Oh. Hey, hey, did you see that? That was one of the prettiest stunts I've ever seen. That was Edson doing that, too. Oh, they've got quite a team, Mr. Randall. They won the meet last year with that stunt. Quite an intricate formation. Wheel around and form a double line. Well, now what? Now, watch. The band is going to play. And then watch the Edson team. Well, well, jumping Jupiter. Say those kids from Edson are great. You think they were never going to get themselves out of that circle? How about watch them? Oh, say, and doing it in time for the music, too. You see? Now, they're coming out of it now. Each man in his right place without a hitch. All right, George. I've got to applaud them, Major, even if they are trying to beat our team. Our team? Yep, that's what I said, our team. Now, look. They're completely back in line. Just as straight as a dive. Yeah, that was fine. Well, well, that's that. Meaning the first half is over, huh? Yes. How do you think the point score stands now? Well, I don't know, Mr. Randall. Fair Oaks had a pretty good final stunt, too. Yeah, I know. But those Edson boys, well, I'm going back to bumps.  I'll bring him down here after the intermission. All right, thanks, Major. Well... Easy there. Easy. Atta boy. Hey, Jerry. Huh? Oh, Paul, hiya. Jerry, you're doing this well. Gee, I'd give a million to be out in that field.  Hey, how's your shoulder today? See, I haven't given the shoulder a thought. How's blue comedic? Great. Aren't you, boy? Gosh, I wish somebody would tell us the point score so far. So do I. Gee, I was so nervous out there I could hardly stay on the horse. Sure didn't act like it. I wonder where Sergeant Alden is. He ought to know what the score is. I doubt if he'll tell you, though, Jerry. If we're losing, he'll show it. If we're winning, well, we'll know that, too. He, uh, did we make any slips, Paul? Not a one that I could see. I thought we did once. It was my fault, too. Blue Comet got just a little out of line when the band started. I tried to hold him in, but he stepped out. I don't think anybody saw it, Jerry. Anyway, don't worry about it. The hardest part of the meet is coming up. If you don't want to get excited, it shows on the horse. Yeah, I know. I'd feel a lot better if Lee was here. Lee? Isn't he here? No, he's in his room. In his room? What are you talking about? Why should he be in his room on a day like this? Oh, he and Red Morrison got in a fight, and the sergeant sent them both back to school. Morrison again, huh? Yeah. I could have guessed, though. I bet it wasn't Lee's fault. No, it wasn't. Oh, Paul. Hello, Sergeant Alden. Well, what do you think? I think we're doing swell, sir. We are. Gee, then we're winning, sir. I'll tell you about it in a minute. First, I want to say a couple of things to you. Oh, help. I want to see the other fellas. See you later, Jerry. OK, Paul. Thanks for stopping by. OK, Jerry. Yes, sir? Jerry, I... Thanks. Thanks? What for, sir? You're all right, Duggan. All right. Then... Then you mean nobody saw a blue comet get out of line that one time? I saw it, Jerry, but no one else did. Whoo! My glad. But are we winning, sir? I mean, what's the point score so far? I'm going to tell all the members of the team that at once. Well, just a minute. Troop! Tangehunt! Come over here! All right, all right, all right. Quiet down now. Men, if I were looking for a reward for the weeks of practice we've put in here on the field, I've had it this afternoon, in the way you got out there and rode. Thank you, sir. Now, wait a moment. Wait a moment. Don't let that go to your heads. There's still a lot of work to be done. I've just learned from the judges that the point score so far in the meet stands exactly even. Oh, boy. That means, sir, that the jumps will decide the meet. Yes, that's exactly it, Paul. The jumps are going to decide the meet. Whoo! What's the matter, Jerry? Oh, nothing, sir. In just a couple of minutes more, you'll be going out there on the field for the last half of the meet, the most important part. But just remember this, that every cadet on the Edson team is thinking the same thing you are, that the jumps will win the meet. All right.  How about it? Yes, sir. All right. All right, that's all. Stand by your mounts. Williams, your pen and it wants to be a little straight. Adams, watch the toes and the stir. Oh, boy, oh, boy. Mr. Jerry? Me? Oh, no. I just feel like, like, well, like I do. How many jumps have you had with Blue Comet? Oh, about five altogether. Gosh, only five? Yeah. Well, I guess the whole thing depends on you, Jerry. And Blue Comet? Uh-huh. Well, I'm going to get back to my seat. I'll be with Sergeant Alden, Jerry. Good luck again. Thanks, Paul. All needed, I guess.  Hey, Jerry. Huh? Lee, tell me for God's sakes, what are you two doing down here? We had to come out, Jerry. We couldn't stay in our rooms anymore. We heard the band and the cheers. Oh, golly, Lee, you'll get plenty of the merits for this. I don't care. That fight wasn't my fault. But don't you see, Ray will say you hit him first. And he'll be right. I got one good sock before we had a quiz. Listen, Jerry, I got to talk fast before we're seen. I ran over to Peter's hardware store and telephoned the veterinary hospital, you know, where Splendor is. Yeah? What about him, Lee? Well, take it easy, Jerry. He's going to be all right. That's what they told me, and so I had to come out here and tell you. Oh, Lee, that's well, I...  And how?  See, we heard what Sergeant Alden said about the jumps deciding the meet. I'll do my best, Lee. Oh, golly, here comes the sergeant. You and Tubbie got to run for it. You can't let him see you. Come on, Lee. We'll duck around the corner of the stable. Yeah, okay. Now remember, Jerry, take those jumps. All right. Well, you all set, Jerry? Yes, sir. Good. Goop. And hunt. Goop. They go again, sir. Well, it all depends on Duggan, whether he can take Blue Comet over the jumps. Well, I'm on up form now. Ed's in first. And every man on their team is experienced. They won the trophy with the same team last year. There they go. Ooh, what a clean stride. You take him over well. Ooh, that was beautiful. They're going to be hard to beat. Come on, Ferro! Hey, who was that? Where'd that yell come from? The hand is stable. No cadet should be there. You wait here, Paul. Yes, sir. All right. Come out from there. Yes, sir. Phillips. Young. What are you two doing here? Well, we were watching the meet, sir. I gave you orders to report back to your rooms. Why weren't those orders obeyed? Well, we haven't any excuse, sir. Phillips, I'm surprised at you. Now, I've nothing left to do but report both of you for disobeying an order. You know what that means, of course? Yes, sir. All right. Get back to your rooms. Second order. Oh, what's the matter? Jerry, Mr. Jump. Mr. Oh, God! What happened? I don't know, sir. He jumped and suddenly it looked like he pulled up his horse. He couldn't do that. The horse must have stalled at the hurdle. That might be it, sir. Look out. Look out. I want to see it. Hey, look. Look what they're doing. They're raising the jumps afoot. Jerry's told them to. They can't do that. Jerry can't make that high jump on Blue Comet if he pulled up at the lower hurdle.  But he's going to, sir. That'll win the meet for us. Win the meet? Nothing. I can't have that boy hurt. The other horses will take it, but Blue Comet is nervous as he is. Well, I've got to stop it. It's too late, sir. I'm not letting that for the run. Hey, Phillips, young. I thought I told you to get back to your rooms. Go ahead. Get out. But, sir, at a time like this... No, it hurts me. It's an order. I know you want to see the jump, but I've got to enforce discipline. Now go. Yes, sir. Hold. Just a minute, Phillips. Yes, sir. You'll know when you're in your rooms if Fair Oaks wins the meet. But... But how, sir? The school winning the meet will sing its Alma Mater. Oh, I see. Thank you, sir. All right. Come on, Teddy. Golly, we'll lose sight of the field in a minute. Try that jump, sir. Durgan can make it on Blue Comet. I can't hit him for all the... Gosh, Sergeant Alden sure was mad, but he should have let us stay. Oh, no. You can't blame him, Teddy. He's got to enforce orders. We won't see if Jerry and the rest of the team make the high jump. No, but... But we'll know who won the meet. Jerry hasn't got a chance. That's what Sergeant Alden said. No, I know he hasn't. Not on Blue Comet. Oh, gee, what a sap I was for hitting Morrison. I liked it. I got in one good sock. And I think that... Hey, what was that? I don't know. I can't see. Gee, the jumps must be over. I wonder if he made it. Well, we've got to keep going. We've got to be in our room. Yeah, I know we do. Another cheer. I wonder what that was for. Gee, the judges must have come to a decision, and they're going to announce it. And Sergeant Alden said that we could tell who won by the schools that sings the Alma Mater. Be quiet. Come on, we'll walk slowly. Gee, that was for the winner. Now... Lee, I wonder... Shh, just listen. Tubby, we won! We won!


Why do I use Linux as my desktop operating system rather than Windows? Well, I think the main reason that I use Linux as my operating system is because I want customization, flexibility, reliability, stability, security. I want the freedom that Linux gives me that Microsoft Windows just doesn't give the user. Windows is very freedom-restricting where Linux by its very nature is is liberating.  And I think that's the biggest reason why I choose to run Linux. Today, I wanted to highlight some of the differences between Windows and Linux. And this is mainly geared toward those of you that are Windows users. You've never used Linux, but you're thinking about switching to Linux. I'm going to show you some of the differences between the two operating systems. For those of you that have used both Windows and Linux, you know probably the biggest glaring difference of those two operating systems is that Windows is very locked down. There's hardly any customization options. It's not very flexible at all. You know, there's very little that you can change about the operating system and the little bit that you can change with Windows, there's some customization options, but they either require payment or they require a registration because they want personal information from you, such as a name, email address, etc. They want to datamine you and then sell that information to other companies to make money or for Microsoft to use that information themselves to serve you ads. And I think that is a horrible way to do business. One thing, you know, if I wanted to move this taskbar here, the bottom panel here, I go to taskbar settings, I'm assuming, and you need to activate Windows before you can personalize your PC. Why do I need to give Microsoft some personal information about myself before I can move the panel from the bottom to the top, for example? That makes no sense. Maybe I want to, I don't know, change the wallpaper. Let me go to personalize. I'm assuming I can find some settings in there for the background and colors and things. Yeah, you need to activate Windows before you can personalize your PC. Basically, until I activate an account until I create a Microsoft account and give them some information, which I don't want to do for privacy reasons, for security reasons, I don't want Microsoft to really know anything about me. But they force you, right? There's no reason Microsoft needs people to create an account to move the panel from the bottom of the screen to the top of the screen. They're doing that basically to trap you into giving them personal information again so they can data mine you and then sell that information or use that information for them to try to sell you products. By contrast, Linux lets you do whatever you want to do with the operating system because Linux is not trying to tie you into its own ecosystem. There's not one corporation behind everything. All of the programs for the most part in your typical Linux distributions are free and open source software. They're not data mining you in any way, so they're not trying to profit off of getting your personal information and then selling it to other people. This Linux distribution I'm showing here is Manjaro. This is Manjaro with the KDE Plasma desktop. If I want to customize it, I can. There's nothing stopping me. As a matter of fact, they make it very easy to do whatever you want to do. For example, I want to move that panel from the bottom to the top and I can do that and then let me let me exit out of that and now I've moved the panel. Nobody tried to prevent me from doing that. Nobody said, hey, no, you can only do it this way.  That's not the way Linux operates and if I wanted to change the wallpaper, there's nothing stopping me from doing that. Maybe I want to change to that really nice bit of abstract art there. So customization, flexibility, the operating system is yours. I can strip out anything I want to out of Linux operating system. If I don't like this panel, I can remove it. If I don't like the entire desktop environment, the entire suite of applications that came installed on this, I have the flexibility. I have the power to remove it. Nobody prevents you from doing anything, even destroying your operating system, permanently breaking it. You have that power in Linux where Windows is so locked down. There's certain programs you can't remove. There's certain things that Microsoft just doesn't allow you because technically Microsoft, you don't own your copy of Windows. Technically, you're renting your copy of Windows where in Linux, you actually do own the operating system. You own your software that you have installed. Another thing you'll notice as far as the difference between Microsoft Windows and the Linux operating system is file paths and file names. So let me open up Windows file explorer here. And the file paths in Windows, oddly enough, involve backslashes such as C colon backslash and then you know program files backslash and et cetera, et cetera, you know, going further down the file system path. Why is it using backslashes? I have no idea. It's been that way since the beginning of time, dating back to DOS, but Unix and Unix like operating systems use forward slashes and file paths and that's much more normal saying I think that's what most computer users kind of expect. Also, file names are a little different in Windows.  This time I'm going to call it derrick.txt with Derrick and all caps. And I can't create that second file because file names are not case sensitive in Windows. They see Derrick lowercase and Derrick all caps as the same file name. And again, that's really strange to me. I don't know why Windows is that way. Again, it's legacy reasons it's always been that way. And by contrast in Linux, typically file paths are going to be separated by slashes. So if I wanted to change a directory here into downloads and I did pwd to print the working directory, the full path to that directory is slash home slash dt slash downloads was your standard slashes your forward slashes no weird backslashes. Let me get out of the terminal. I'm going to go to the file explorer here inside manjaro and I'm going to go to the downloads directory. I'm just going to create some new empty text files. Once again, I'll create derrick.txt and then once again, I will also create Derrick and all caps.txt and you see now these are seen as two different files, which of course is what you would expect. So it's just something as a minor gripe between Windows and Linux. Does it really matter? No, but obviously when you're moving from Windows to Linux, you should know the differences in how they handle both file paths and file names. Another big difference is the shells that are in these operating systems. So in Windows you have the power shell. Let me open that up and I don't really know much about the power shell. I'm not much of a Windows user. The last time I used Windows full time as a desktop operating system was way back in the XP days, but I'm assuming I could do a ls, a list command, or dir directory command. It's actually the same command. It's probably an alias for each of them here in the power shell, but that's the power shell for Windows. In Linux, the standard shell in most GNU slash Linux operating systems is going to be the bash shell, and that's the case here inside Manjaro. If I run the command echo, and then dollar sign shell all caps, you can see the default shell is slash bin slash bash, the bash shell. And I could run your standard ls command, the list command. I could do ls space dash al. That's the long form list command. The bash shell is really, really powerful. One of the things you really need to learn when you switch over to Linux, it's not necessary, but it's so powerful you really should learn how to use the bash shell and especially how to do simple bash scripting. One of the things you need to know about is redirections and piping. So if I pipe something, piping is basically taking a command like the ls, la command, and then doing the pipe symbol behind it, meaning take the output, and then put that into this next command. For example, I could do the alt command here, and what I'm going to do is I'm going to print a certain column of information here in alt, and I'm going to print column, I don't know, column eight. And I get that particular column from the command that I ran earlier, because I passed the ls command, I piped it into alt, and then printed the eighth column. So that's really cool. You could also do some redirections. For example, if I wanted to take the output from that ls dash la command, I could redirect that into a file, I'll call it test dot txt. And if I did an ls, you see I now have this file, test dot txt, and if I catted it, which is going to print out the contents of that file here in the terminal, you see that test dot txt actually just contains the output from that ls command. We just took it and redirected it into that text file. So the bash shield, really, really powerful shield, and it's one of those things you probably should spend some time learning if you want to become a Linux power user. Now let's talk about the graphical user interface, the GUI, the desktop environment on these particular operating systems. Windows has a very easy to use desktop. It's very simple, very user-friendly. Anybody can figure out how to use this thing, mainly because of the lack of customization.  Windows is always Windows. It always has this weird-looking menu with the squares in it. That's very strange, but if you just started typing something, like, I don't know, the GIMP, which I installed here in Windows, I tried to install as much free and open-source software in my Windows virtual machine here as possible, because I don't want to use the proprietary solutions. And the GIMP takes a long time to load here inside Windows. That's very strange, because it only takes a couple of seconds for GIMP to launch inside Linux. All right, and the GIMP finally loaded. I'm just going to close that. Yeah, it's very strange. Well, it took almost 30 seconds for that thing to load, but the Windows user interface is very friendly, very easy to use. If you've got your standard panel at the bottom, you've got your standard start menu on the bottom left, you know, you can right click on the desktop to get a little information. You have desktop icons, you can actually put stuff on your desktop. Now, in contrast, the graphical user interface of a Linux distribution can vary. It can be as simple and user friendly as Windows, or it can even be more simple and user friendly than Windows. It can also be completely bare. You can actually strip away the graphical desktop environment completely and have nothing but the command line only on a Linux distribution. That's common with server distributions, but for typical desktop Linux distributions, I would say ease of use. Linux is as easy to use as Windows. Typically, you have the same traditional kind of paradigm where you have a panel usually at the bottom or the top of the screen, sometimes on the left hand side of the screen, and then you have your traditional kind of menu system here where you click on a menu and you've got your categories of applications and you click on a category and then it lists all the applications in that category and then you just launch something. For example, the Firefox web browser, which is probably the most popular free and open source web browser on the planet. It may actually be the most popular free and open source piece of software on the planet. Let me close out of Firefox. Now let's talk about installation, the installation process because I've done some Windows installations in the past and I've done hundreds, many hundreds probably Linux installations over the years and I would say the installation process for both Windows and Linux for the most part is very easy. The one thing I would say is that although the Windows installation process is very easy, typically everything's kind of automated, you know, screens just pop up every now and then telling you to wait while we do this and that, you know, it takes a little time with the Windows installation. So it's a little longer to install Windows than most Linux desktop operating systems, but just just a little bit. It's not too bad. Linux typically these days many of the popular Linux distributions like Ubuntu and Mint and Manjaro which I'm looking at today, many of these distributions you can get installed in 10 minutes or less on modern equipment with decent specs. We should also talk about the reliability, the stability of the software. Windows is definitely the least stable of the two operating systems. Linux has a long history of being stable and reliable. That's why for decades Linux has been the de facto standard operating system that runs servers because on servers you have to have stability. Let's think about the internet. All the websites you visit, they're running on web servers. Almost all of those web servers are running Linux. Why? It's because it's stable. That's why Linux has always dominated the server market and Windows really doesn't have much of a presence in the server market at all because it's just not a stable operating system. As someone that used Windows way back in the day, you know, back in the late 80s, 90s, early 2000s, I can tell you that the operating system has always been kind of a crash vest. I mean, we all remember the days of constantly having to control alt delete to reboot the system because something's freezing up. You got your blue screens of death and all of that where in Linux, I've never had an experience like that where things were just crashing all the time. You were constantly having to reboot. That's typically not the case in Linux. If for some reason you install a Linux operating system and something is horribly wrong and you know something bad is happening, you have a hundred other Linux distributions to choose from. Install one of those just in case it's a situation where that particular Linux distribution just doesn't work with your hardware. You can find one that will work with your particular hardware. With Windows, there's only one Windows, right? If it's not working for you, oh well, you're stuck with it. So let's talk a little bit about software availability. So if you're talking about who has the most programs available that will work on that operating system, who wins? Microsoft Windows wins, mainly because of proprietary commercial software. Because the big software companies that create these proprietary pieces of software that they want to sell and make a profit on, they target of course the most users and the most users of an operating system that's going to be Microsoft Windows, right? Linux, there's just not enough of us for them to profit off of. So we don't have much commercial proprietary software available on Linux. Most of our software is free and open source software, where we dominate that area because there's a ton of free and open source software out there. Pretty much every piece of free and open source software runs on Linux. Most of the time they develop it, they target Linux, right? And the developer uses Linux. That's why he's creating free and open source software because he likes that ideology, that model. Many pieces of free and open source software that I use on a daily basis are not available in Windows. So I know people love to complain, oh, my Windows programs don't work in Linux. Well, guess what? Many of my Linux programs, they don't work in Windows. It works both ways.  That's all you can run on Windows is Windows software. When you run Linux, you have to run Linux software. That means somebody wrote that piece of software to run on Linux. You can't complain that, you know, this piece of software doesn't work on this operating system. You just have to use tools designed for that operating system. So there is going to be some change. Some of those programs you used on Windows, you're going to have to use different programs to accomplish those same tasks on Linux. And the last major difference between Windows and Linux is in terms of privacy, security, and especially freedom. So I'm going to hit the start menu here inside Windows 10, and I'm going to search for ULA, End User License Agreement. That's Microsoft's End User License Agreement. Now I guess it's going to do a web search here. Maybe I needed to be more specific. Let's actually do Microsoft ULA. Let's see if we get some better search results. I'm assuming it was using Bing for the search results, which of course is a horrible search engine. That's Microsoft's own search engine. I know why they use it. Oh my goodness, it's going to default to Bing here, and it's also going to default. Is this Internet Explorer? What browser is this? Even though you guys see I have Firefox installed, I'm pretty sure I set Firefox to be the default browser. It still opens up Bing inside of Edge because so much of the operating system is tied to Microsoft and they're trying to make money off of all these products. I'm going to go ahead and say that the piece of software was pre-installed on a computer from the manufacturer. Say I got Windows already pre-installed on a computer that I bought, so I'm going to search for Windows, because every ULA will be slightly different. Let's select a version Windows 10, and then let me select a language, English, and then so this is a standard license that you agreed to when you use Windows and most of the other Microsoft products. This is not a free and open source license, of course. This is a proprietary freedom restricting license, meaning you don't actually own your software. I believe somewhere in here it basically says something to that effect that basically Microsoft retains all rights to the software on your computer. They can look at anything you do on your computer. They can see everything you're doing on the file system. They can read all of your data. In terms of privacy and security, Windows is an absolute nightmare, and most people don't read the ULA. Some of the restrictions here, you're not able to use or virtualize features of the software separately. You can't publish or copy, rent, lease, lend the software, so you can't loan your Windows to somebody else. You can't transfer the software. You really can't change the software. You can't reverse engineer, decompile. You can't look at the source code. They don't want you to know exactly what is going on inside the source code, because inside the source code, if you could look at it, you would see that Microsoft is spying on you. They're logging all your keystrokes. That way they know everything you're doing on the machine. They don't want you to know that. That's why it's closed source proprietary code that you're not able to actually inspect. Other interesting pieces of the license is that Microsoft isn't responsible for any any damages that, you know, like some of their weird updates do, right? So if you have one of these forced Windows 10 updates, you didn't update it. Microsoft chose to update that machine for you, and it permanently breaks your machine, and you lose important data that cost you money, like real-world money. You can't sue Microsoft. That's not their problem. That's your problem. You agreed to this license, and guess what?  If you have some issue with Microsoft, you can enter arbitration with Microsoft, but legally they say that you've given up all of your legal rights to actually take them to court for anything by using Windows. By contrast, Linux and most of the software on your Linux distribution are actually licensed under what we call free licenses. Free as in freedom, not free as in cost, although most of them are also free as in cost as well. But when we talk about freedom and we talk about free software, we're talking about licensing and software that allows you the freedom to do whatever it is you want to do with that software. So this is the free software definition here, the four essential freedoms. So what are we talking about? We're talking about software that allows you to run the program as you wish for any purpose. We don't care what you do with this software. It's yours. Do whatever you want to do with it. We don't care who uses it for what purpose. Also, you have the freedom to study how the program works, so that means I can look at the source code. That way I can see what it's doing to me. And you also have the freedom to redistribute copies, so I can make a copy of it. Give it to a friend or a family member. We can share the software. And finally, you have the freedom to redistribute your modified copies of that. So I looked at the source code.   I changed it. Now I want to redistribute it. I have the freedom to do that as well. So this is what we're talking about when we're talking about freedom. Linux is ultimate freedom where Windows, you are not free at all. You are not using Windows. When you are using Windows, you're actually being used by Windows. So those are just a few of the differences between Windows and Linux. There's a lot of differences between Windows and Linux, but those are some of the ones that are really obvious when you first switch. I know they were obvious to me when I first switched from Windows to Linux many years ago. So hopefully this video will help those of you that are thinking about making that transition come on over to Linux. I think you'll like it. Now before I go, I need to thank a few special people. I need to thank the producers of this episode. Absi Gabe, James Mitchell, Paul Wesse, Kami Allen, Chuck Kirk, David Dillon, Gregory Heiko, Mike Erion, Alexander Peace, Archon Fedor, Polytech Raver, Red Prophet Scott, Steven and Willie. These guys. They're the producers of this episode without these guys. I couldn't do what I do. I also couldn't do what I do without each and every one of these ladies and gentlemen. These names on the screen right now, this ever-growing list of names. These are all my supporters over on Patreon because I don't have any corporate sponsors. I'm sponsored by you guys, the community. If you like my work and want to help support me, look for DistroTube over on Patreon. All right, guys. Peace. It's just a t-shirt, guys. Don't take it too seriously.


Okay. It's the it's the world. It's going nicely It's going smoothly nothing wrong with it going on there and then your program crashes Well, what happens typically if you think about when your program crashes? Everything's on fire.  That's mathematically impossible We should not be allowed to do that Python allows me to do it now Python Doesn't know what to do in the case of a divide by zero. It's freaking out over this. So it's gonna crash Now as programmers were pretty smart about this, you know, we wouldn't do something like this But we might have to deal with something where the user Types in things that can cause us to crash So say for example, I come in enter a number and I'm just gonna copy that into my y Same kind of thing. Oh, well now it's not me the developer who's writing out these zero Divisions, it's the user who comes in and crashes me and the same kind of thing Well, maybe the user's smart enough. Maybe we do some air handling and we can you know Input validates what they're typing and so maybe oh, okay Maybe okay, they they do the 10 instead of not typing zeros because we stop that they type in a That's a completely different error entirely. So what we can do is inside of our programs You know, yes We can do some if statements and while loops to make sure we're validating their inputs beforehand But sometimes it gets through and so what I also like to use is something known as the try Now the try the entire idea I like to imagine is it's treating this like this code that I'm tabbing in right now All of the code in here doesn't automatically happen. I like to imagine it's a parallel universe, right? We're using the globe A analogy that I showed in the slides. I'm gonna create a Parallel universe to my own where this code happens and Let me just see what happens Okay, well what happens if it works fine perfect that means I'm allowed to do it myself if it doesn't it crashes Oh, well We have stuff to handle that for a second and that's where the except comes in the play Except is basically saying oh well here now. I want to stop something from happening. So print You cannot divide by zero but And so again now I run this boom Enter a number I enter my 10 now again like I said if the code works perfectly fine again I'm watching it and I say that's perfectly fine run that For myself in this case five divided by ten divided by five Parallel universe sees that goes okay. That's perfectly fine. I'll allow it and I print out oh 2.0 Now if I come in and do my 10 divided by zero Instead of me erroring my program Allows me instead of doing this. I'm sorry instead of doing which one are you there instead of doing this error It catches it and fixes it you cannot divide by zero and the reason why we want to do this is because I might have print Other code that needs to run Now if I again if I come in and remove those try accepts Boom run this into the number 10 zero I never get that other code needs to run the program halts entirely the try catch or try Accept block is going to now take that I say my 10. I say my zero You cannot divide by zero other code that needs to still run So that code actually will activate it will still do its thing now with that Think we're pretty good


A 44-year-old man from Detroit, Michigan, has been sentenced to five years in prison for distributing heroin on the Leech Lake Indian Reservation. Raymond Anthony Poole pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy on August 24th of 2018 and was sentenced today in U.S. District Court in Minneapolis. According to his guilty plea and documents filed in court, between April 2016 and March 2017, Poole conspired with other individuals to distribute about 227 grams of heroin between Minneapolis, Bemidji, Cass Lake, and on the Leech Lake Indian Reservation. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


In this session we are going to discuss a very important aspect of polynomial and that's called degree of a polynomial. Now this particular aspect is very very you know important because there are lots of theories, theorems and results which will be based on degree of a polynomial. So it's very important to understand the essence of this particular concept okay. So once you are sound in the this particular concept you will be able to understand multiple other theorems and there will not be any confusion neither will you make any mistakes while solving different types of problems. So please pay attention and try and understand what exactly does degree of a polynomial mean. So in the previous session we saw the definition of a polynomial and we said any polynomial p of x which is let's say we are now right now talking about single variable polynomial and it was given by this particular expression wherein it was a n x n. So I am now writing in the reverse order a n minus 1 x n minus 1 in the previous session I had given you the reverse order of this expression but then doesn't really matter because either you write this way or the other way in which we discussed last session both are same.  Let's say it goes like a 3 x cubed then a 2 x squared then a 1 x plus a naught right these are the terms right. So what did we understand last class these were the terms these independent entities here these are the terms is it they are all they are all terms terms of the given polynomial and what was the criteria criteria was that n has to be n is a non negative non negative negative integer it cannot have a value of a rational number or a negative integer right n is a non negative integer only it has to be only an integer all all powers right all powers because now in this case you see all powers are related to n so if n is integer so all other powers have to be integers as well so these are the powers powers on the variable okay powers on the variable have to be integers that has to be reemphasized again and again okay so here also if you see x to the power of zero so that's also a non negative integer isn't it so how do we define the degree of a polynomial guys so we define it like this the exponent the exponent the exponent the exponent of the highest of the highest highest degree term okay exponent of the highest degree term so there are many terms you have to identify that term which has the highest degree in a polynomial in a polynomial in a polynomial is known as is known as its degree so let's take a few examples to understand this well okay once again what is an x the degree the exponent of the highest degree term so first of all we have to identify the highest degree term and that degree becomes the or that power becomes the degree of the polynomial what do I mean let's start tx let's say is equal to x plus 1 right x plus 1 what is that degree what are how many terms first of all there are two terms in this clearly this is t1 and this is t2 t stands for term let's say so there are two terms out of these which term has the highest degree of the variable clearly the first term has the highest degree because here it is one and here it is x to the power of zero so this one is the highest degree term and what is the degree of this term two sorry one so degree of degree of px I am writing like that degree of px is all how much one correct let's take another example so let's say this time px is this is first example this is second example let's say in this case now px is equal to 2x square minus 3x plus 1 how many terms so these are three terms there are t1 t2 t3 right three terms and which term has the highest power on the variable clearly this term is the highest power of variable and what is that highest power 2 so hence degree of px is 2 isn't it degree of px is 2 then let's take another example to make it more clear let's say we have px is equal to 1 by 2 x to the power 7 minus 3x square plus 1 right so what is the degree in this case if you check there are three terms again the highest degree term is this so hence degree degree of px is equal to 7 correct now you must be wondering whether it is true only for polynomials of one variable or what happens if there are multiple variables so let's see this so p of let's say x and y two variable polynomial we'll be writing let's say it is x square y square minus x plus y okay how many terms again there are three terms three terms right three terms and which is the highest degree term clearly this is only one you're only one there are two and two right in this case this is the highest degree term but in this case if you see total degree it will be nothing but you know it it is as if two times x and two y's are multiplied together so in this case degree will be total power in on this term is how much two plus two four so degree of pxy in this case is four okay so what do we get we understand that in you know you have to find out the highest degree term and if there are multiple variables in that term then you have to simply add the powers on that term so y is degree four here if you look at it this is x into x into y into y right so there are four it appears to be that there are four variables multiplied together hence it is degrees four I hope this is clear let's take another example to make it more clear so let's say I have another one p x y z in three three variables and it is let's say x plus y plus z minus x y minus x z plus x y z okay so what will be the term or what will be the degree in this case so here it is one one one here it is one one so this is two order or a second degree term this is also two two are being multiplied but here there are three so in this case the highest degree term is this so degree of degree of p x y comma z is equal to three correct I hope this is understood now let's take another one so that more the examples better is the clarity so x y z and let's say u four variables now here x plus u plus y z minus x square u plus x y z square so what is the degree here in this case the highest order term is simply this one higher degree term sorry and how many variables are being multiplied over there so what is the total degree so one one and two so total is four so in this case degree is nothing but degree of p x y z u let's say this was the polynomial in four variables is nothing but four okay so that's what we observe so degree of any polynomial is a non-negative integer that's one observation isn't it so degree is clearly degree of degree of polynomial of polynomial polynomial is is a non-negative non-negative integer this is very clear non-negative integer it could be one two three four five six anything you know depending upon the number of or the power on the highest order highest degree term right now you must be wondering can there be degree zero polynomial yes so degree zero degree zero polynomial degree zero polynomial what is that what is degree zero polynomial so if you see any constant so let's say if I say p of x is five times x to the power zero let's say we call it like that right so what is the degree here degree here is zero degree of px is zero okay now what happens if I have px is equal to zero so what is the degree of this degree of this now this is one exception polynomial exceptional polynomial please mind or please take note of it right so if px is equal to zero then degree is not defined degree of zero polynomial polynomial is not defined and why is that you can guess is not defined because zero can be written as anything so zero can be written as zero x to the power one million also right that doesn't mean this you know the degree becomes one million it would be anything zero into x to the power let's say minus not minus is not allowed so let's say 1000 so in both the cases the polynomial is same right but then we can't say that it has any arbitrary degree right so hence we say that degree of a zero polynomial is not defined zero polynomial means px equals to zero so for that particular polynomial no degree is defined okay in the next session we will be discussing about different types of polynomials how to be classified polynomials this is the degree