Hello everyone, welcome to this session on flip-flop design. In the today's session we are going to learn how to design D flip-flop using JK flip-flop. So, at the end of this session you will be able to discuss the operation of D flip-flop, discuss the general model used for flip-flop conversion or design and you will be able to design D flip-flop using other flip-flops. So, let us understand what is the D flip-flop? It is also called as a delay flip-flop or data flip-flop. So, in D flip-flop output goes to the same state that is present on the D input at every clock edge. So, normally D flip-flops are used to pass data from its input to output at every clock cycle edges. So, D flip-flop is able to hold 1 bit data either you can store 1 or 0. So, because of this behavior the D flip-flop is also called as a register. So, data at input D is delayed 1 clock pulse from getting to the output. So, here 2 symbols are shown. The first symbol is a positive edge triggered D flip-flop whereas, the second symbol shown here is a negative edge triggered D flip-flop. So, in the case of positive edge triggered D flip-flop Q changes its state on the positive edges of clock signal whereas, a negative edge triggered D flip-flop Q changes its state on the negative edges of the clock signal. On the right hand side D flip-flop function table is shown in which input output relations are listed in a tabular form. So, you will see that on the clock edges. So, Q goes to the same state that is present on the D input. So, if D is 0 the state of Q after the clock edge is 0. If D is 1 then state of the output after the clock edge is 1. So, when Q is 0 this state is called as a reset state when Q is equal to 1 then that state is called as a set state. You can also imagine this as a storing 0 and storing 1 respectively. So, between the clock edges the flip-flop will not respond to your D input. So, in this case last value of Q will be stored in the D flip-flop. So, this is the function table of your D flip-flop. Now, let us understand the general model which is we are going to use for flip-flop conversion you can say or flip-flop design. So, this is the block diagram of flip-flop conversion in which you will see that a given flip-flop is shown along with next state logic. So, next state logic is a combinational circuit which accepts external inputs as well as present state of your given flip-flop in terms of Q and Q bar to generate excitation inputs required for your given flip-flop. So, excitation inputs must be provided to the given flip-flop to obtain the definite next state and new flip-flop which you are going to design inherits the triggering mechanism of the old flip-flop because so by default the new flip-flop will inherits the triggering mechanism of the given flip-flop for the design. So, this block diagram we are going to use for designing our D flip-flop using JK flip-flop. So, we need to go through some steps. So, first we are going we are going to modify this general model which we have discussed in the last slide for given specifications. For example, here flip-flop given is JK flip-flop and we are asked to design D flip-flop with the help of JK flip-flop. So, we will modify our general model according to this specifications. So, here next state logic accepts D input along with your present state of J and K flip-flop and this next state logic will generate the excitation inputs for our JK flip-flop. Now, go to let us go to the next step for the conversion we require conversion or sometimes it is also called as a state synthesis table which we are going to use to generate excitation inputs for the given flip-flop. So, this conversion table is derived from the characteristic table of D flip-flop and the excitation table of JK flip-flop. So, please pause your video here and write down the characteristic table of D flip-flop and the excitation of excitation table of JK flip-flop. So, this is the D flip-flop characteristic table which we have derived from the function table. So, here you will see that your output of flip-flop follows the D input. So, D is 0 then Qt plus 1 is 0 when D is 1 Qt plus 1 is 1. So, irrespective of old state of your flip-flop. Now, this is the JK flip-flop excitation table. So, excitation table tells you the required inputs if you want particular state for your flip-flop. So, for 0 to 0 JK should be 0x 0 to 1 if you want to change state from 0 to 1 of a JK flip-flop then input you should apply is 1x. X here denotes is either 0 or 1 then 1 to 0 your JK should be x 1 and for 1 to 1 your JK input should be x 0. Now, let us use these two tables to derive the conversion table for our design. So, JK flip-flop excitation table identifies the JK input combinations as we have discussed right now required for Qt to Qt plus 1 transitions as for the characteristic table of D flip-flop. So, this third table is the convergent table which is required for us for the design. So, here the first three columns are nothing but our D flip-flop characteristic table. We added two extra columns and these two extra columns are nothing but your J and K inputs of the given flip-flop. So, we will here decide the J and K values according to the characteristic table of your D flip-flop. So, 0 to 0 transition JK should be 0x 1 to 0 JK should be x 1 0 to 1 JK should be 1x and 1 to 1 JK should be x 0. So, now, let us use a K map to derive the expressions for J and K because next state logic is a combinational logic. We will use K map for getting the simplified expressions for J and K. So, let us derive the expression for J and K. So, from this table we will use D and Qt as inputs and we will derive the expressions for J and K. So, after putting these four values 0x 1x in the K map you will get J is equal to D expression. Similarly, let us derive the expression for K. So, again we will use this K column we will map these K column values on the K map and we will get K is equal to D bar. So, now we have our expressions for J and K which is J is equal to D and K is equal to D bar. Now, let us we will redraw our modified generalized diagram for flip-flop conversion. So, we will implement our hardware in the last step. So, we will draw the final logic diagram with the next state logic expression derived in the step 3. So, in the step 3 we have derived J is equal to D and K is equal to D bar. So, you required a JK flip-flop along with the inverter connected in between J and K input terminals. This is how you can design a D flip-flop using JK flip-flop. These are the references you can go through. Thank you.


Not at all. Money burned very much. How you doing? How are you? How are you? I'm fine. Who's here? Nice to see you again. Nice to see you. I'm not. Nice to see you. Hi. Hi. Nice to see you. Nice to see you. He's not a fool, though. Thank you very much. It was nice to see you. Yep. Good to see you. Fine. Well. You see there? Just told them three days. I was conventionally. At the cemetery. as I'm mentioning in the secondary. Over a long period of time, it's a very independent track of seeing the foreign forces. 74, 78, and also some of the head, at least, tentative opportunities to meet God for a functioning cause, because the aerialness is sick in the seminar. But they could be responsive. And then the group that sort of ranks this trip, Alex Androv, who's been very close to creation, over a long period of time, have others. We maintain just a loose communication over a period of time. Larry has been over there now five times. They've indicated now a positive attitude about seeing the general secretary this week. So we've indicated we wanted to talk to Jack to find out the first call before accepting whether this, in any way, will be inimitable. And I think it was happening at this particular time. Prior to going, I have always established really five conditions for going. One was that there was going to be a release of some families. They've indicated they'd release seven families. 29, though, they've indicated they'd increase it to 10. Most of those are from Massachusetts. A second, rather than to see Gorbachev and Schoenberg not say. Third, an indication I've meet with the dissidents of their fourth, that I'd be able to meet their candidate scientists and to talk with them. And then to have some opportunity to go on television. I've gone on television on two different occasions over there. And they've run it. We've had it monitored. They have changed the words. And to just talk about the desire and the interest of the American people and try to meet some kind of accommodation reductions of tensions. And we wanted to talk with your people. Each time that Larry's been over there, we talked to Jack about exactly the information that they've given to them. Some of the material that they've given us have been really quite important and sensitive. And that's worked out. And that's a second. I just say thank you today for coming in. I know it's been rather short notice. I appreciate your concern and your interest in the budget and what we're doing about the federal budget deficit. And I'll say just a few words here. But I'm not calling ground that's already been plowed. Because I know you've been briefed in some detail on this 87 budget proposal. And why we believe that the proposal is the best way to reduce the deficit. I think that 86 is a year of decision. It's a year to decide whether we have the will to last bring federal spending under control and remove what I see as the last remaining obstacle in the future of growth and prosperity. A year to decide whether we can make the tough decisions that we agreed to last year when the Grand Rudman Mollings legislation became law. And a year to make clear to the world that our commitment to peace through strength will not be compromised. Also a year to maintain our continued opposition to raising taxes. Maintain that. I think the taxes, if the word raised, fit on the economy and take money away from Americans in order to protect government programs, we don't need them to have a void. Deficit reductions, now the law of the land on the Grand Rudman Mollings mandates. And it is a declining deficit path leading to a balanced budget in the fiscal year 91. Deficit of the cut, the big question is how the bill costs for automatic spending cuts that are triggered only if Congress advocates constitutional responsibility and fails to pass a budget that meets the deficit targets. Congress still has a choice. It can be responsible by making those careful and sometimes difficult spending decisions where it can drop the ball and let across the work cuts take over. And as I say, I'm sure that the budget I'll be submitting to Congress was carefully prepared, taking into account deficit or defense needs, drop a roll of government and grab on the college deficit targets. So we need the fiscal 87 deficit target of 144 billion without harming the economy through a tax increase or compromising our national security. Deserve the social safety net for those truly in need. It won't penalize order Americans by reducing social security benefits. And as I'm sure that Donald Kapp and Jim have mentioned, our budget will include a modest increase in defense that sustained recent improvements in capability. Some will say, in view of the Trump being a propaganda that's been going on just too long, that that's too much for defense. But the poor funding levels for national security in our budget are consistent with the real growth path that was agreed to by myself in the Congress last year. Higher taxes are no cure for the deficit. They should include imposed substantial new taxes on American households and as experience has proven. Reduce incentives for Americans to work, save, and invest, thus choke off the creation of new jobs. Experiences also shown that higher taxes necessarily go to reduce the deficit. They more often are used to justify increased bill and spending to reduce the pressure for spending cuts. The current economic expansion is well into the fourth year. Over 9 million new jobs have been created since November of 1982. We've made significant progress in reducing inflation, but we're more than likely to rest until it's down to zero. Non-owned interest rates are coming down at the well below the levels that will reach in the 70s and near the 80s. Excessive federal spending and large federal debts have probably, as I said, the last major obstacle is blocking America's path to last and prosperity. The budget that we're sending to Congress in February 4th will put us on the right track this year, 1991. It will reduce the deficit while the more economic growth and meeting on national security requirements. We've made the tough decisions and now it's time to see if Congress is up to the challenge of passing a responsible budget. We'll need your help and we'll need you to make your views known among your associates or so that they will be heard up on the hill. I know we're in for a tough battle, but I think together we can reduce the deficit. Suddenly, I run a contract to burn the prosperity. And as I told another group earlier today, then come 1991 on a balanced budget, I don't know what a constitutional amendment that says it stays balanced from then on. And if they do that, I'm going to run across the way there to Thomas Jefferson Memorial and take a look to see if he's smiling. Because he's the first that called attention to this, spoke out on this particular subject, the ratification of the Constitution to Thomas Jefferson, eloquently, for a claim that had declared that the Constitution claimed one glaring omission that did not prohibit the federal government from borrowing. I think after 200 years, we're going to catch up. It's been done, it should have been done. But that's more than I should have said. I've talked a lot about you and it's on your mind to read the questions that you've got. Mr. President, your soundings indicate that you're not going to be able to pass the budget. That's about better than what you're going to pass. How many of you are going to pass the budget? That's about better than what you're going to pass. How many of you have a system, you know, your processes now. So what's your name? I check... I don't need a check yet at the max. I know you've already been in a session for a while, and you've got yourself a suit. Jim, I suspect the results were not all that you would have liked. It was like the first year of your term, Mr. Then Mark and I know that they must be very happy about the results. It was a masterful performance for the Bears, but I salute both teams, and I called both locker rooms afterward in my safety. Mr. Sullivan, Coach Berry, and they're quite a two-fine junkie. And also, I think all of us feel a deep sympathy for Jim Wright. He's not only a broken arm, but it's his briefcase arm. That was the first pattern of Ramla. That's the question. Lights, please. Thank you. Mr. President, the Post says that a top Reagan official says the Senate will have to find $130 billion in new taxes. Do you have a comment? Not that I can know you're going to leave. You said anybody in your administration who talks this way will have to resign. Are you going to call for this? Try to find this person and ask him to resign? I don't know. There is such a person. Lights, please. Thank you. That's the Senate down to business. Let me say that I really look forward to being with you for the State of the Union press. As you may have read in the press, as Don Riggan mentioned on Sunday during his visit to David Brinkley, this year's press will be somewhat different from those of the last five years, at least to be shorter and more thematic with the message to install it tomorrow, detailing our legislative and administrative priorities for the near future. We do have a lot of challenges on both the forum and domestic fronts, but we can show the American people that we can produce positive results. Our economy continues to grow and our alliances around the world are stronger than ever. And as you know, next week I'll be sending you my budget for fiscal year 87. It will meet the requirements of the Grand Reverend Holland's Act, and it will meet the target of a hundred and four billion dollar deficit. It will not delay its taxes. It will not hurt the age of the needy. And it will not cut into the ability of our nation's defenses to protect our national security. I've heard some boys on the Hill saying the deficit couldn't be reduced unless taxes go up and the deficit is confirmed by a member of the press. And defense spending goes down. Well, I think they're wrong and I think they can prove it. Regarding another budget matter, I want you all to know that I support reconciliation. I know that Jim Miller has been meeting with several of you in this matter, and I hope you can get an agreement on an acceptable reconciliation date. And so I'm going to ask Jim right now to discuss where we should put on the budget and reconciliation in a bit more detail. Thank you, Mr. President. Let me first describe the implementation of the 1980s. Hello. Congratulations. I'm just fine. This is Bill Chin. I'm just fine. Thank you. This is the mother, Sue Winn. Hello there. I'm very glad to meet you. The father, Bill, you look nice. Hi. These are your two newest Americans they've been in the United States. Six days today. We brought them from Hanoi, Vietnam to their mother in Fairbanks, Alaska, just six days ago. Bill and Sue and I know something about it. The struggle it took. And this is our Vice President, the English Vice President. She, Bill Yuen. Hi. She and Blue Chin. Hi, thank you. This is the mother, Sue Winn. Do you like it here?  We really appreciate it. Thank you for that. Why don't we all turn around and get a group picture? That would be wonderful. Please. Jim, Jim, should I take a class or not? Go ahead. Yes. Okay. This is a grand. Yes. Okay. Thanks. Thank you. Now they're going to go back to Alaska today. Well, now there's a little sweet, a candy in America that's very popular with young people. In fact, it's still popular with me. And in here is a jar with this seal in the name on it. It's filled with jelly beans, so you won't have to open the jar right away. Here's a little sack of jelly beans. Thank you. Thank you very much. Well, thank you. Welcome. Pleased to have you here. We wish you happy and we have best wishes to you. Thank you. Thank you. Nice to see you. Thanks very much, Mr. President. Thank you. Thank you very much. I appreciate it. Thank you for your help. Take care. Thanks. Thanks.


Today's video is brought to you by PicMonic. So getting a bad grade absolutely sucks, but today I'm gonna show you exactly how one bad grade completely changed the course of medical for me, where I went from Cs to As, and how you can use the same principles to help you do exactly the same. Let's get into it. All right, story time. So I did decently well in college, but decent, I mean, didn't have to really study very much, and by the time I graduated I got about 3.9 GPA, and I thought I had my studying figured out. And that was until I started medical school at that. You figured it out in college and how to study, well, probably you can do the same, totally wrong. My first few exams, I still remember the scores. 72, 70, 76, 73, 68, 75, 79, that was really exciting. And I remember seeing a big difference in the amount of hours I was spending because I would keep trying to do more and more and more and not getting the grades that I wanted. And if you're watching this video, you've probably been in my shoes and you've probably done the next few things that I also did, which is you find any resource and strategy, basically try to rehaul everything, and you think that that is going to be the solution. I remember specifically when I was studying for cell biology, there was a quiz coming up on Friday and it just had this like perfect study strategy or really some thought. And going into test day, I felt great. And even during the quiz, I felt amazing. I even got to the point where I was marking the amount of questions that I didn't feel 100% confident on so I could see the minimum grade I would get. And I came up to like, oh, actually I'll probably get an 85 worst. I walked to that test. It takes about two minutes for the test to process. It was multiple choice. And my grade flat out 73. And to say that I was just disappointed would be an understatement because just like many of you guys that are on the medical journey that are struggling, I thought I had figured it out.  Like what can I possibly do to fix this? But the biggest reason that I remember that quiz is not because of the disappointment or the grade because those are nothing to remember about. But because when I walked away, I completely rethought about how to think about fixing your study strategy. So if you're not getting the grades you want, these are the three steps that I followed after that one quiz that completely changed my career, my academic career and my grades and performance. So hopefully you guys are excited. Let's get into it. So step number one is to reflect on what worked and what did. Now, whenever I have a student who comes to me and says, Luxe, I got a bad grade on this test. The first question I ask him is like, okay, what are the main reasons that you didn't feel like you did well? And usually it's kind of a three core problem. The first one is a knowledge problem. Second one is a luck problem. And the third one is an approach problem. So let's break down each three. And so a knowledge problem is pretty self-explanatory. It's usually where you don't understand enough the small details, the small nuances. And so there's the question about multiple choice or something where you just either know it or you don't, you tend to miss more of those questions. Now, whenever I work with a student that likely has a knowledge problem, the easiest question I ask him is, could you find the answer to whatever you missed inside your slides? If they say yes, and that typically means the approach that they use to obtain that information was way too passive. Either they's passively skimmed their notes to outlines, the lectures, their PowerPoints, whatever it may have been. They just didn't use a technique that they could easily absorb it with. So that's when you know you have a knowledge problem. Now the second problem that you can have, and this is probably the worst one, is a luck problem. Now a luck problem is either usually too fast. The first one is that there's just too many questions related to things that you just tend to be weaker on. So just poor luck at the draw. And the second half of it is being asked something that is totally unrelated to whatever you expect to be testing, which we've all kind of had experience with. Now finally, the third and probably the most important issue is an approach problem. Now this typically ends up being a student who has no issues memorizing the small details. They just don't know how to put everything together. They don't know how to tell the forest from the trees. And this student is somebody who, if you're asked a multiple choice question in a vignette form or requires you to have second or third order level of thinking, typically doesn't know how to approach an actual question. But the first thing you have to do after you get past the disappointment of not getting a grade is to understand, okay, which of those three problems was it a knowledge problem, a luck problem, or an approach problem did I have? Because then we can get to step number two of actually how to solve it. So step number two, once you identify your biggest problem is to change your approach to be able to address it every single day. So the best people to understand how to do this, let's actually go down again through our three main problems. So if you're having a knowledge problem, the main question that I have with students that come with requiring coaching or helping on their setting, basically asking you, okay, how many repetitions of that material are you getting? For example, one of the students that recently worked with basically broke down her study strategy and basically said, she was going to class, highlighting her information. That was pretty much it until it came down to cram for the exam. A lot of us know what that feels like, but when we ask how many repetitions that individual or you may be doing on the material, answer is probably like one at best, maybe two, and really the question is, okay, if you're having a knowledge problem, you have to increase the amount of repetitions that you're having. And you may be asking, well, like, how do I actually do that? And the second part of a knowledge-based problem and to change your approach is to really ask yourself, okay, how much time actually spend doing active forms of learning? For example, in this scenario for the student, they're spending a majority of their time doing passive things such as going to lecture and highlighting material, and not really counting it as a pass because they would be able to walk out of lecture and really not remember anything they learned within that hour, hour and a half period. But on the flip side, you can ask yourself, okay, what kind of active type of learning do I like? Do I like flashcards? Do I like practice questions? Do I like putting things on a whiteboard, teaching my classmates or my roommates? Those are better things that could be well suited. So once you find out, okay, these are the things in the form of an active learning that I enjoy doing more, ask yourself how you can increase those frequencies and try to do it on a daily basis. So usually my minimum goal is if I go to lecture, I try to do some kind of active learning and recall of that material. Every single day. So that way, I at least get my first repetition, try to get a second repetition on the weekend and then ideally a third and fourth repetition going into test day. This is a very simple yet effective way of overcoming the knowledge-based problem. Now, if you're struggling with probably the most frustrating of them, which is a left problem where you take quiz after quiz and you're like, gosh, these just don't look like what I'm studying. It doesn't match with the PowerPoints, it doesn't match with what they're talking about. Typically one thing that I recommend doing is one, understanding that sometimes the output is not always in your control. So you can study a certain amount, even if you're studying great. Sometimes you will have quizzes with that ad where they told you something is not going to be on the test and lo and behold, it shows up. So it's easy to get frustrated, but also remember that that is not a reason you need to fix your study system. That is the main cause when you're evaluating what the biggest issue was for you getting the grade you wanted. Sometimes you don't really need to fix it and say, okay, just like take it on the chin and move forward. But if you are having an issue where it's your weaknesses are tending to show up more, the things that you're going to be most anxious about actually show up on the test. And the best thing you can do is what I like to call a weakness hit list. This is basically creating a list whether it's on a Word doc, an Excel sheet, a piece of paper of all the different topics that you're going through on a lecture material when you're reviewing, going to lecture, or doing practice questions, something that you miss, essentially creating a growing list of everything from various respective lectures that could show up on the test that would freak you out if they did. And then what I like to do is on the weekends when I'm reviewing the weeks material, I typically have an hour, hour and a half session where I do my weakness list. So I may go through my Excel sheet from my Word doc and say, okay, today you felt uncomfortable when you were reviewing on Tuesday about how to manage a patient with atrial fibrillation. Let's see, you have a whiteboard here. Let's see if you can go ahead and answer that question.  But as you go through that list slowly, but surely as you go closer and closer to your quiz and test date, there is less that can show up on the test that is truly going to be a weakness because you force yourself to have time to focus on. And finally, probably my favorite to address because it is so simple and when students start to do it, they start to see their grade skyrocket is the approach problem, which is really you have issues of separating the forest from the trees, the details and the big picture and connecting all the dots and using my recommendation to deal with an approach problem to make sure that a student has both something that can help them with long-term repetitions, something like flashcards and practice questions, but also a way where they're forced to basically put all of the ideas together. So something like that whiteboard session that we just talked about earlier would be perfect where during the week, you could do your flashcards or your practice questions and during the weekend, you can say, okay, I know information that is fact and question one flashcard, one answer, but I wanna make sure I understand the entire lecture or create a whiteboard and saying, can you create lecture one from Monday from scratch and quickly scribble all of the information that you remember and then you'll have some instances where you're like, well, there used to be something there. I know there was a slide that focused on this, I just have no idea, actually go from topic A to topic C. That's a good way of saying I know the details, but this is how I know how the details connect. So if you have a question that is more a clinical vignette of combining things that are second and third order questions, then you know how to answer those. And if you have questions that are saying, do you know this answer, yes or no, you also have ways that you're starting to address that as well. And before we get into the last bit of how to improve your grades after you get a disappointing one, it's a good segue to talk about today's sponsor, which is Picmonic. Now, if you are looking for a resource to help you on your medical journey, whether you're pre-med in nursing school, in PA school, or in medical school, then you ideally want an all in one resource that can help you at every phase of the journey. Picmonic is by far one of my favorite resources to recommend to medical students because it doesn't matter what kind of learning style you have, there's likely a format to help you really retain the information, regardless of what you're currently learning for. As you can see, there's the full content library of hundreds and hundreds of videos, anything from anatomy to physiology to cardiology. And if you're studying for board exams like you assembly step one or step two, you can use Picmonic to follow along your favorite high yield resources like First Aid. So for example, if I was studying for step one and I wanted to use the 2021 edition of First Aid, then I could easily go into their content library and not only specifically choose the actual chapter but the individual page I'm covering and then Picmonic would recommend the videos from their library that are related to that specific page. So if I wanted to learn about chromosome and DNA, I could watch their videos which are not only high yield but are also super entertaining because they combine the combinations of interesting images and storytelling to be able to help you with long-term retention. So if we watch this video here on chromosome and DNA, you'd be able to see how each of these relevant images throughout their videos have a part of telling the story of chromosomes and DNA. So then you can remember that information for the longterm and definitely for your board exams. And as I mentioned, Picmonic does a great job of accommodating to a variety of learning styles. So not only can you read the text through transcription forms, we can actually use their quiz function to be able to be tested on the individual videos and essentially creates a growing library of quizzes and questions to make sure that you remember something that you learned today as well as a month ago. And so if you're on your medical journey and just not happy with your grades and you're looking for that all-in-one resource that can help you both learn as well as test you on the information that Picmonic may just be the resource for you. And if you're interested in learning more about Picmonic, then go ahead and check out the link down below and use the code theMDJourney at checkout to get a super sweet discount thanks to our friends at Picmonic. And as always, thank you for Picmonic for supporting and being the sponsor of today's video. And now step number three is to dedicate more time to your biggest problems. This is exactly how I created the Anki method, which is something that the channel has become more and more famous for of creating a method that basically took me from 10 hours to five hours of medical school and is completely rehauled about a free time I had as well as my performance. And if you're interested in learning more about the Anki method, I'll link down below our Anki video that we have here on YouTube. Highly recommend you guys can check it out. But the most important thing to remember is you're careless of how you study. Your strategy is only good, the more often you use it. And while it seems self-explanatory, I have a lot of students that will come to me that will do the first few steps of really evaluating, okay, this is what went wrong. But then I wanna ask them, okay, like, what did you do? Like, how did you fix it? Crickets, it's just absolute crickets. And that's simply sometimes because we're really good at finding the problems but not necessarily identifying how to use that solution more. And the biggest issue is because you typically have a set amount of time in your medical school day and not really sure how you are going to fit this new strategy or this new epiphany of how you should now be studying. And so it's gonna become more and more important to change your day to day to be able to give yourself one to two hours to incorporate this change in your study strategy that you ultimately came to in the prior steps. So for example, if you realize that you need to do more whiteboard sessions or more Anki cards and more practice questions, the real question is not, okay, like, how do I add more hours to my day? The real question is, okay, what am I doing currently that is actually giving me like zero results or negative results on my exam? How can I instead replace that with this new strategy that I need to do more of to really be able to avoid those first three problems that we talked about earlier in today's episode? And so if you guys are interested in learning how to rehaul your studying to where you're doing more of things that are effective and less of things that are not so, check out the study rehab course which will be linked down below. Now step number four is something that I really debated on whether I needed to include it in this video because it was too self-explanatory, but the more coaching students that I've worked with over the past few months, the more I realized it was actually a bigger problem than maybe about in the past. And that is really that you need to focus on tinkering versus a complete recall or in a different way, you need to focus on making small changes instead of like a hundred A degree U-turn at every decision or failure point. A lot of students that come to me initially saying, oh, I tried this technique, this technique and I tried these resources together, didn't work, just threw it out the window just like COVID it away from them. But that's not how this works. If you find something that doesn't work, that doesn't mean every element of that didn't work. That's why I ask you to go through the first three steps of this episode and truly identify, okay, this part of my study routine, like not too bad, these absolute crap, you should get rid of those and spend more time here and then continue to adapt and tinker. If you don't get a grade that you're not happy with, it doesn't mean that everything you did was wrong, it just means that maybe you just didn't do enough of the right things. So the first step like we talked about is to focus on both of that, what worked and what didn't and then to try to recall your system to where you're just making small changes and including a proportion of those correct strategies. And so I include this last step because it is super important to not have this mental desire to jump from strategy to strategy just because you see somebody else doing it.  You can use small bits of advice and tips to help optimize and become more efficient, but you should by no means fix something that's already working. And on the flip side, I'm gonna say it again, just because it's not working doesn't mean everything is broken. Identify what is working and then capitalize on those, ideally try to increase the time and proportion you're spending there. But that guys is my full breakdown on how to go from a bad grade to using that to help you motivate and direct you on how to improve in the future. Hopefully this video helped you out. If it did, let me know in the comment section down below. Just comment super helpful, something along the lines of this is kind of useful. Please like that would really help me one understand if this video and this type of content is super useful for you. And if you don't wanna drop a comment just hit that like button that's super helpful. Or if you're listening to this on the podcast and go ahead and hit subscribe or follow on your favorite listening platform. So before we end today's episode, just remember that if you're interested in our free three step study program of learning how to completely rehaul your study strategy, essentially what we do for our coaching students, check out the study rehab course which is linked down below. If you are interested in one of our programs whether it be the group coaching programs or our one-on-one magnetic night program, those links will be down below as well as be able to see the results have passed as bad. With that being said guys, hopefully this video was helpful for you. Thank you as always for being a part of my journey. Hopefully I was a little help to you guys and yours. If you did enjoy this video then check out this video on how you can use Anki like a pro in this video right here on how to learn how to study a medical school step by step. While you enjoy these, I'll see you guys in the next one. Peace my friends.


Back up and growing up, one of the biggest things is just the difference in cultural references. So I didn't grow up with a lot of the cultural references that a lot of my white American friends have. I mean, I had never really heard of the Beatles until I was in high school. I was never really into rock. I remember just listening to a bunch of Bachata and salsa and knowing famous people that most Americans would not know of. It's an interesting thing growing up because the life that you live at home is so different from the life that you have at school.  It almost seems like sometimes you're two people. Sometimes you're one way with your family and you're another way with your friends and it's a great experience but also as a kid growing up it's kind of confusing but I definitely enjoy having a double life if you would call it because it was always fun. And there were always things that you knew you could kind of get away with at home that if I did the same thing outside I would not have been cool.


We know from the research that individual tutoring can boost performance to letter grades. Every learner is different in their prior knowledge and experience, current interests and future goals. This means the learning experiences they need are also different. Unfortunately, our educational system treats learners the same. One size fits all. We know it's not a good fit, but we accept it because the education systems need to meet the demands of teaching at scale. So we have a tension between the demand to educate large numbers of learners and the desire to tailor instruction to individual needs. Can we do both? Yes, thanks to the fact that the learning process is replete with information. Information on what students are doing and thinking, how they're interacting. By capturing and leveraging this information, we can simulate the ideal of personalized learning instruction and do it at scale. But right now, even with the growth in technology, the amount of data that is captured is just a thin slice of what's possible. So we have a challenge, three challenges. First, find ways to capture the rich data on the learning process. Two, analyze the data to understand and detect relevant patterns. And three, translate those results to effective action. Imagine a learner studying a given topic on a computer-based system. We can collect millions of data points from every click of her mouse, tap of the keyboard, and even target of her gaze. Multiply that by all the learners studying that topic around the world, and we have orders of magnitude more data. Think of these learners as in a network. We can then use the power of the network, for example, identifying clusters of learners who share patterns, and then learn more about the group, as well as make better inferences about each individual. Analyzing the data. To analyze the data, we have methods that have been developed that can detect patterns in these large data sets and actually make surprisingly accurate predictions. Will Joey fail his course? Will Sue remember her training when she gets back on the job? While these predictions are useful, they're not sufficient because we also need to understand why. We also need explanations or diagnoses for why learners succeed and why they fail. The data can tell this as well if we combine detecting patterns in the data with models for learning. And thanks to decades of research on learning, we have accurate quantitative models of how people learn. We've developed a system called the Learning Dashboard based on this. As a learner is working and their knowledge of the material grows and develops, the Learning Dashboard collects the available data and analyzes it to develop an up-to-the-moment, accurate estimate of their learning state. What they know, how well they know it, what misconceptions they hold. And this is where the power of our model-based approach comes into play. In addition to just predicting the learner's performance, it explains it. It identifies skills that need more practice and misconceptions that need to be addressed. Thus enabling the system to adapt the material to the individual's needs, provide customized recommendations and targeted feedback. This attention to the individual is critical because learners take different paths through the material and every learner needs help finding their best path. In fact, what we know about novices is they often don't know what they don't know. So this system can help people be more effective independent learners. It can also help teachers. Think about the system telling a teacher what concepts the class is understanding well and which concepts they're struggling with. Which particular students need extra support and which students need more challenge. With this information, the teacher can target his or her time a precious resource more efficiently and effectively. At Carnegie Mellon, we've studied the system in practice and demonstrated its effectiveness. Students and introductory statistics using this system showed significantly greater learning gains in half the time compared to students in a traditional course. We replicated these effects three times and colleagues have shown similar results at seven different institutions. So I think of the learning dashboard as our first step in a vision for how technology can enable personalized learning at scale. Improving students learning and instructors teaching are just two of the feedback loops we can leverage. With learning data at the center, we can also help course builders improve the learning resources based on evidence and learning scientists deep in our understanding of the human mind, thereby transforming education to more effective and efficient system where data and evidence drive practice. And so my question, what I'd like to learn from you, is how do you see personalized learning helping you and your organization improve and adapt. Thank you.


Alright everyone, it was time for me to get a video up and luckily I've got a fire lit under me to write about a criticism I've seen of the game Sifu. I would have written about dying light too already but I don't think I'm even halfway through it yet because the game is just insanely long. But today I'm going to talk about Sifu. I mean I'm not really going to talk too much about the game because I don't think there's too much to say beyond it's pretty good, probably too hard and the camera is kind of annoying. No, instead we're going to talk about a criticism I've seen on Twitter and in the gaming press that says Sifu is guilty of cultural appropriation and exoticism. I'm going to argue that this critique isn't just silly, it's a dangerous argument. If you're finding yourself reflexively agreeing with this take, I implore you to stick around and make your case in the comments after you've heard what I have to say. Alright, Sifu and cultural appropriation in games, after the logo. The creation of a dogma. Okay, listen. I tend not to comment on these weird little game controversies because I generally find the discussions to be kind of stupid. I think it's annoying when a game like Battlefield has to deal with criticism for having women in Battlefield 5 because the discussion is never nuanced.  Nobody seemed to say, actually, millions of women fought for the USSR in World War II, mostly as snipers and tankers, but also on the front lines, but DICE still fucked up because instead of using one of those millions of historically accurate stories, they made yet another miserably terrible campaign and chose to make a mission that featured women fighting for a country they didn't actually fight for.  What's missing from most of our political discourse in this country, and also in our discussion of politics and games, is an acknowledgement that other people have legitimate opinions we may disagree with, that this doesn't make them automatic assholes, and finally that there's always the possibility that we ourselves might be wrong.  Everyone is way too certain of themselves. Discussion to try and make a point. It should try to convince. The point of discussion isn't to make the other person feel as bad as possible so we can feel like smart boys. It's just all exhausting. Because the vast majority of political commentary on games is either self-righteous, progressive, sniggering at how perfectly correct they are, or obnoxious conservatives deliberately trying to troll people and being rude and offensive just for the lulls, I tend to stay out of these discussions. They're usually loud, rude, and full of people on either side saying an awful lot of words without doing very much thinking beforehand. I have a visceral hatred for dogmatic thinking and I'm finding it increasingly frustrating that one has to agree with the entire conservative or liberal package of beliefs or risk being yelled at. When it comes to most political issues in games, I probably come down closer to the left because my basic beliefs boil down to the following.  Avoid making other people feel bad. It doesn't hurt me to avoid using words to make others feel bad. Nothing actually matters all that much and in general, having all sorts of different people in games is at very worst meaningless and at best it might slowly contribute to a slightly less stratified society. So I guess that makes me one of those pro-military, pro-gun, feminist, pro-choice, small government, pro-LGBT rights, anti-Confederate flag, anti-welfare state, social justice warriors, or something. I have a suspicion that amongst the people who watch my videos, I've got both conservatives and liberals and progressives. My main point is I find it odd that we're in this area where we agree with everything that comes with that. It's a weird time where liberals agree basically with the entire liberal package and conservatives agree with the entire conservative package. There's no real reason that believing in gun rights should also come with the whole package surrounding corporate taxes or believing in abortion rights should also come with the entire package and how we address racial issues in the country, which brings us to the issue at hand. Sifu is the new game from slow clap. This is the french dev team that made absolver a few years ago. If you played absolver, you'll have a decent idea of what this game plays like. It has a pretty similar combat system, but rather than being a weird open world PvP game, Sifu is more of a strange blend of souls, devil may cry stylish action, brawler, and roguelite. As I said earlier, it is probably too hard, at least for my taste, but it's a nice looking game with a deep though sometimes frustrating combat system and extremely unforgiving roguelite structure. None of that is germane to the discussion here though. The issue I'm going to talk about relates to Sifu's story and setting. After playing absolver and a few hours of this, it's quite obvious that the developers at slow clap love kung fu movies and Sifu is, at its very core, an effort to make the game equivalent of a John Woo film. The first level even features a section that is an homage to the hallway scene from the classic movie Old Boy. All good, right? Well, according to some writers on the internet, no. To these commenters, Sifu has an issue with cultural appropriation, at least, and at worst is guilty of trading and exoticism, which is really a fancy way of saying racist tropes. I did that whole spiel earlier to make clear I'm not interested in trying to make other people feel bad for what they believe. I'm interested in trying to convince them that they are wrong, and not only simply wrong, but engage in a project that, taken to its logical end, would be terrible. So how is the game cultural appropriation? Well, the articles and tweets tend to be extremely vague on what specifically they mean with this language. I read these articles and saw a few examples of bad localization, of signs being written in both Chinese and English, of the fact that the game seems to be placed in the classic rough streets of Hong Kong setting, but none of this isn't anyway disturbing in and of itself. There's only one factor that seems to make this game troubling at all, and it's the fact that the people who made it are white. In fact, what drove me to make the video was seeing this article right here. Let's discuss. Sifu is, again, clearly, clearly an homage to classic kung fu movies like Enter the Dragon or any John Woo film. The idea that white people should have to be careful, or that they should need permission, or that this genre belongs to the Chinese, is a truly insane position to take. First off, let's pause and really think about what a John Woo movie is. John Woo movies are, themselves, a Chinese appropriation of an American art form. John Woo movies are a Hong Kong version of a Chinese take on American action films of the 1970s and 80s. They are, themselves, a cultural fusion that is impossible to take as entirely Asian or entirely Western forms of art. That's what makes them so cool. Which means that Sifu is a French interpretation of a Chinese interpretation of an American interpretation of kung fu. It is, by its very nature, an international project that belongs to nobody. Cultural appropriation is an entirely misguided way to view it. It's cultural fusion, which is the core of societal progress from the dawn of time. From the Babylonians, to the Egyptians, to the Phoenicians, to the Greeks, culture only moves forward when it is borrowing from others. Agricultural techniques and the wheel and metallurgy and art aren't reinvented in every society. They are transmitted, traded, and absorbed. The Chinese invented a writing system. The Koreans and Japanese appropriated, changed it to their needs, and made it their own. Over time, culture washes back and forth, enriching all of us. No nation gets to copyright and jealously guard its culture. If that was how it worked, we wouldn't have rock and roll, which is a fusion of styles from black and white American folk music. If we lived by this ideal, nobody in China would be listening to Brahms or Bach. In America, we'd be using Roman numerals instead of the clearly superior Arabic digits. I need to understand what the goal is here. Should slow clap have asked permission to set their game in Hong Kong? Should they have chosen an Asian developer at random to work on the project? Should they have passed it by a group of Chinese people to make sure that it was culturally sensitive? Should they have just made a game about French people fist fighting? What goal does this accomplish? How does it help anyone? How does culture move forward and fuse into new and exciting forms if it must be siloed according to race? As to the charge of exoticism, this too is, once again, a word that's so vague as to be useless in this context. It's true that throughout history, cultures have tried to paint unfamiliar lands as decadent and debased. If you read Herodotus and his description of the Babylonians, you'd think they spent all their time eating and sleeping with prostitutes. It's the classic example of the exotic east and makes one wonder how the Babylonians managed to conquer and rule an empire for a thousand years sandwiched between all their debauchery. A more recent example would be something like this scene here in the second Indiana Jones movie. This isn't an effort to use a foreign culture as a setting because it's interesting. It's using it to shock and disgust. And of course it is ridiculous and has aged very very badly. Then there's something like prey from 3D realms that uses the magical American Indian trope. The worst part about that is it's a total mess. Cherokees weren't planes Indians. One of the great tragedies of the Cherokees, they were a settled farming society not all that different from the white farmers they lived near. They weren't a magical people with spirit hawks and vast magical knowledge. They're just people who farmed and hunted and had gods they believed in like anyone else. A better example when talking about Sifu specifically would be the classic villain Fu Manchu. He's evil because he's scary exotic and Chinese. Look at him. Isn't his alien mustache dangerous and scary? Those are examples of exoticism in media. Sifu has precisely zero in common with Fu Manchu. Its villains are pulled directly from anime or classic kung fu movies. The bad guys aren't bad because they're unusual in Asian. They're bad because they're bad guys in a kung fu movie. If it's dealing with any tropes it's that drug dealers are all bad guys and the classic teacher with a bad student thing. It's basically Darth Vader. That's the trope the game is using. Nothing here is remotely insulting, outrageous or racist in and of itself. Secondly cultural appropriation is already a hazy and big term but in general it has been used to describe the theft of art and culture by a dominant society against a vanquished or oppressed minority. It is not cultural appropriation when a Japanese developer makes a game with American characters. It isn't cultural appropriation when British people play rock and roll. It is not cultural appropriation when an Egyptian orchestra plays Beethoven. The term is used to denote exploitation of an oppressed people. A classic example would be the American Indian themes in white society. That 3D realms pray game is a classic classic example. While I still don't agree that this is always a problem I can at least see the profanity involved. The American Indian culture was almost entirely destroyed in North America and what remains is a small slice of what existed before. It's often reduced to tropes and stereotypes. This works both ways incidentally with native cultures being presented as utopian sometimes when in fact they were just people like others growing crops fighting wars getting married conquering foes or living in peace. That's at least an embarrassing example that we can all understand but China? China is not a defeated or oppressed minority. China is one of the greatest cultures in human history. It's currently the third most powerful military in the world and somewhere between the second and 10th wealthiest nation on earth depending on how you want to calculate it. China is a nation that has spread its culture over vast regions for thousands of years and along the way it has taken a bunch of culture from nations and peoples around itself. China is not an oppressed minority that needs protecting in the video game press. Even implying that is a gross misunderstanding of history and it's basically parroting the propaganda of the current Chinese regime. China was one of the most powerful societies on earth for thousands of years before a tiny little period of trouble. Trouble that was in the end its own fault brought on by the slow choking of a sclerotic and useless monarchy that fought itself as the country fell to pieces under the rule of local warlords. It was unlucky enough to go through this just at the historical moment that a few powerful nations in Europe were involved in expanding empires. This was certainly unfortunate for China, but it was a blink of time in history. This is how history works. Countries rise and fall. They are stable and able to defend themselves or they are dominated until they're capable of defending themselves again. Europe forced uneven trade deals on a weak China and Britain won Hong Kong in a peace deal after China lost a war. But for the thousand years before that China was conquering everything around itself and doing the exact same thing. After expelling Japan in the 40s, China invaded Tibet. It conquered the Turkish people on its western frontier. It pushed its borders into India where to this very day it claims a chunk of land it has no reasonable claim to. China isn't a victim and one could easily argue that the Han Chinese are currently the white people of Asia. Finally, we may soon have to let go of this entire idea. For the first time in history we're truly creating a world culture. In 1915 there were indeed vast cultural differences between a farmer in rural China and someone in American town. But those days are rapidly fading away. World culture is converging. Fashion and styles have never in history been so homogenous. One can see the same mass produced clothes, the same sneakers, the same t-shirts literally anywhere in the world. Pop music is far more similar than it is different across the entire world. Watch television news from Kazakhstan or Yemen with the sound off and see how incredibly similar it looks to TV news in Germany or America. Never in history has anything like this occurred. There's less and less differences amongst our cultures. You can hear classical music or jazz in any major city on earth and you can buy fast food almost anywhere on earth. We can't use this as an excuse to say any small local flavor added to a game or movie is guilty of exoticism. For many years I've often been slightly annoyed or at least amused at the way Italians from New York are portrayed in movies. Not because it's particularly harmful but because it so often focuses on the things that least make us who we are. Most New Yorkers are not rude.  And not every Italian talks like this. Some of us don't say things like I'm going to use the phone boot and call the deli to order some mozzarella. There's a difference between using cultural shorthand for flavor and destructive stereotypes. In Sifu the characters are wearing jeans and sneakers. They fling beer bottles. There's neon lights. The only way to keep any unique cultural flavor is to distill it down to broad themes. It's not exoticism that the character in Sifu uses mystic kung fu arts. It's a game mechanic. Gandalf isn't an exoticism of British culture. It's just the flavor of magic appropriate for the society being portrayed. Would these writers have preferred if Sifu got his powers from an anime-style umbrella corporation? Does that accomplish anything? Does it even really matter at all? Actual examples of destructive Chinese stereotypes were everywhere, as recently as 30 years ago. And 75 years ago, the Chinese were portrayed as a decadent race of opium addicted rapists. This all lays on a continuum, of course. Just because things aren't horrendous doesn't mean they're perfect. But it's important to not go looking for things to outrage us. Having magical kung fu could be racist exoticism. Or it could be a game mechanic that's trying to recreate a beloved genre of film from a French developer. Listen, one of my favorite things in games is seeing Japanese developers make games with American characters. Seeing my own culture interpreted back to me from Japan is often both highly amusing and strangely compelling. It's often chock full of stereotypes. It seems to misunderstand the zeitgeist or basic feel of American life. It tends to be distinctly Japanese, even as it tries to be American. Hell, much of post-war Japanese culture is an amazing fusion of Japanese and American society. Often it can feel like a funhouse mirror of us. The forms are the same, but the feeling is different. That fusion is something completely and totally new. It didn't exist before. And I find Japanese culture absolutely fascinating. That's how society moves forward. Culture belongs to nobody. By putting a racial litmus test on art, we do all of society a grave disservice.    And there's an ocean of difference between those two things. No developer should have to confine themselves to their own culture for inspiration. How terrible would it be if French devs could only make games based on French cinema or history? How terrible would it be if black music and white music had been siloed away? How awful would it be if Japanese culture couldn't borrow from us and vice versa? Without realizing it, what these critics are really calling for is a sort of death of progress. A world that does not move forward and boring games made by people too scared of offending to ever produce something that feels different and fresh.  Hell is my firm belief that the American appropriation of my own family's culture has made this nation immeasurably better. Even if the pizza sucks almost everywhere outside New York, it's getting better. And I can get espresso from sea to shining sea. I'd rather have pizza and espresso than hand-ringing over who has the right to make a game about kung fu. Alright, Dying Light 2 will be next, and then The Witch Queen is coming up. And of course, Elden Ring, baby. Alright, thanks for coming. I'll see you next time. Bye.


Welcome to The Anxious Morning. Every weekday morning we'll take a few minutes to go over some important lessons that you can use in your anxiety recovery journey. Away from the endless noisy scroll of social media, The Anxious Morning brings you support, education, inspiration, encouragement, and empowerment. For more, visit us at TheAnxiousMorning.com If hanging on to prevent disaster is a central issue that helps to fuel our anxiety problems and learning to let go is central in recovery, then we must practice and build that particular skill. Yesterday we examined the idea that like any new habit, we can learn to let go little by little without jumping directly into the scariest most difficult situations. Today's lesson is less about my words and more about making you think. Take a while and consider ways that you may attempt to control things outside the context of anxiety or panic. How do you hold on in your daily life?  What things seem just so hard to let go of? Are you quick to correct things that you think are wrong? Do you feel the immediate urge to argue, disagree, criticize, or otherwise comment on things you may not agree with on the internet? Do you make your daily life choices about things like meals or entertainment only after checking with others to see what they want or like? Do you resist change in all forms, instead putting your energy into trying to keep things the same all the time? Do you spend your time trying to stay busy or distracted in an effort to not hear your thoughts or feel your emotions? These are all common examples of holding on and control habits. Make a short list of yours, there are no wrong answers here. This might take you some time to come up with because our habits are often hidden from us until we really step back and look at ourselves objectively. When you have a few items on your list, think about what you can do to act in opposition to those holding on habits. For example, cook a meal without asking your family if it's the meal they want. Set a timer for 10 minutes. Scroll through your social media feed without commenting or telling anyone what you see. Remain silent when you detect an error in something you hear or see. Don't correct it. If it does not directly impact you, let it be. Set a timer for two minutes. Sit silently on your sofa and just be, allowing that two minutes to pass in whatever way it passes.  These are the ways to start letting go. And while they may seem insignificant when you read them here, you may find them challenging when you actually try them. If they are challenging, that's a good sign. You're on the right track. Take some time today to examine your holding on habits. Then look at ways that you can start to exercise your letting go muscles every day in small ways and in small bits. The more you practice, the more familiar it becomes and the more confident you will be that you can allow the world to just spin without trying to prevent disaster all the time. Becoming an experienced letting goer will matter when you find yourself in anxious and fearful situations where letting go is required as part of your new relationship with irrational fear. If you want to overcome panic and anxiety, try making something different for dinner tonight without asking anyone if it's okay to do that. You might be surprised at how that turns out. We'll start next week with a talk about knowing what's best for ourselves and how that sometimes gets twisted by anxiety. Hey, if you're enjoying the podcast and you'd like to get a copy of it delivered every morning into your email inbox, including a full text transcription, head on over to the anxious morning dot email and sign up for the newsletter. And if you're listening on iTunes or Spotify or someplace where you can leave us a rating or review, take a moment and rate the podcast and maybe write a small review. It really helps us out or just tell a friend about us. Thanks a lot.


Interventional radiology, IR, is a specialized field in radiology where image guidance is used to perform a wide range of minimally invasive procedures. Interventional radiologists are specialist doctors who are extensively trained in both diagnostic and interventional radiology. They have expertise in interpreting medical images, diagnosing and treating various types of medical conditions and performing a wide range of IR procedures. These procedures are mostly minimally invasive that is performed through a tiny incision. Compared to the traditional open surgeries, these procedures are equally effective, less risky, less painful, offer speedy recovery, shorter hospitalization and improved outcomes. With recent technological advances and innovations, interventional radiology procedures have become the first option in treating many conditions. Why Manipal? We at Manipal Hospital have a group of committed and dedicated interventional radiologists. With vast expertise in this field, our interventional radiologists collaborate with a multidisciplinary team of doctors and have performed several minimally invasive procedures with excellent outcomes over several years. We are part of large multidisciplinary groups in our hospitals continuously improving patient care and outcomes. We use advanced and innovative technology to perform various interventional radiology procedures to provide world-class, patient-centric, comprehensive care. Manipal Hospitals are one of the famous hospitals in Bangalore for interventional radiology. Treatments and Procedures Manipal Hospital is the best hospital in India in terms of radiology, here are some of the treatments we offer. Interventional Oncology Nephrology Gastrointestinal Interventions Pulmonary Interventions Urological Interventions Biopsy, Drainages and Miscellaneous Embalization Weaness Arterial Interventions Vascular Arterial Interventions


Aloha, welcome to our presentation, Faculty Adoption of OER through Compatibility and Relative Advantage Training. My name is Emily Bradshaw, and I'm Stephanie Robertson, and we are both adjunct faculty at BYU Hawaii. So we are doing this project here at BYU Hawaii with faculty, and we're looking at OER and faculty adoption. The research around open educational resources or OER largely focuses on cost benefits to students and perceptions of OER. This research has laid a foundational level demonstrating that OER is a viable alternative to traditional textbooks. However, even though 91% of faculty members in one multi-institutional study from 2016 reported that faculty are interested in using OER, only 5% actually did. Several studies eliminate the barriers faculty face in moving toward OER, including lack of or mistaken awareness of what OER is, difficulty finding OER, difficulty in finding time to search, and insufficient institutional support. With these barriers in mind, we are asking this question, how do we overcome these barriers through faculty training? And that's what the theory of change. So what is going to create change? From the perspective of Roger's diffusion of innovation from 2003, two of the main factors in tipping the scale from favorable impression to actual adoption depend on two factors, which are relative advantage and compatibility. Relative advantage in this case is the fact that if faculty do not understand what OER is or the wide range of benefits associated with OER, why would they leave the 91% group of traditional textbook adopters in terms of compatibility if they understand the relative advantage but do not have the means or support to use OER favorable perceptions are less likely to translate to adoption? Essentially, we will use the ideas of relative advantage in our training to show the benefits while providing hands-on training to allow faculty to experience how OER can be compatible with their needs. So what's happening out there? Looking at OER faculty training from a design standpoint is unexplored territory in the research. While researchers have included training programs in the K-12 sector, a gap in the literature exists for design studies of interventions in higher education, especially those that consider both relative advantage and compatibility. But we want to focus on one example. One training program that we feel is a strong training program mentioned in the literature, Kimmens 2016, was involved in four three-day workshops with the goal of training K-12 teachers to understand openness in a more expansive way than just focusing on cost savings. Although the specific design of the training was outside the scope of their published research, the training was built around the five Rs. First, the training focused one day on teaching teachers to retain and evaluate OER. And second, second day, it gave the teachers an opportunity to revise, reuse, and remix. And the third day, teachers had the opportunity to redistribute their OER by placing it under a Creative Commons license. So this was a great example of training that seeks to overcome barriers to OER adoption at the K-12 level and looking beyond just cost. Certainly it gave participants a sense of the relative advantage of OER. However, we are proposing a different format because the persistent barriers to OER that Kimmens identified, they're shown on the slide here, are not necessarily the same always for higher education. Also, we want to tailor our intervention to our university in terms of compatibility training. We don't see ourselves as fixing an intervention here. We see ourselves reframing the intervention to promote change at our university. So, while focusing on the two areas of relative advantage and compatibility, we are using the COO framework to establish our outcomes for the training. This framework was established as a guide to researchers to broaden our focus from cost savings to other important potential positive impacts of OER. But what better way to equate our colleagues with the outcomes and impacts we are understanding better through current research than to use the COO framework? In other words, we will use the COO framework to backward design our training. So what will this training and study look like? We will get 10 to 15 participants from across various disciplines representing different demographics. The training will take place as a Saturday workshop, and you can see that we organize our training into relative advantage, the relative advantages of cost outcomes, use of OER, and perceptions, the COO framework. In each section of training, we will provide information about compatibility resources and training to demonstrate how our faculty will have practical ways to move forward with OER adoption in their individual context. Following our workshop, we will provide periodic one-on-one mentorship follow-ups. So, let's talk about how we will, excuse me, tailor this to our university. In the interest of time, we will very briefly detail the basics of our intervention objectives. Students from over 70 different countries come to our campus to get a great education at Bui Hauai supported by dedicated faculty and staff. At least half of those students participate in the iWork program where they are employed part-time at the Polynesian Cultural Center in some capacity, which pays for the tuition, housing, and cafeteria fees, but leaves not much left to pay for textbooks. This is where we use relative advantage and compatibility to discuss cost. We will have statistics from our bookstore about how much students pay for books per discipline. This is a matter of equity for our students. We will challenge our faculty to find low or no cost books and teach them ways to search for OER and databases to use. Everyone will leave this part of a workshop with OER they could potentially use in their classroom. For outcomes, we are particularly interested in how user analytics of OER can help identify places to improve instruction and outcomes, such as using a tech books. For use, we will show how OER enables greater representation of our international student body. Reusing helps teachers support one another in course design. Remixing helps scaffold language learning and even allows students to repurpose localized OER from their own countries. Through OER, we hope to assist in an internationalization movement across campus, which can still tie in place-based pedagogy because creating more opportunity for OER-enabled pedagogy is essentially localization for many due to the international student body. In this way, the international can recognize the local and the international is made relevant to the local. For perceptions, we will present success stories to show the advantages of changing perceptions and allow time for participants to self-reflect on their own perceptions. We hope that our project will contribute to the research on how intervention changes faculty perceptions. We'll give our participants questionnaires at three points during the project, pre-workshop, post-workshop, and post-follow-up. We'll ask questions to gauge changing perceptions about the cost, outcomes, use, and perceptions of OER. For example, we'll ask the participants how cost benefits might impact their students, how the quality of OER impacts course outcomes, how OER can be used in their classrooms, and how their perceptions towards OER adoption have or have not changed. For follow-up and future directions, once our study is complete, our university is small and close-knit, and we plan to continue to support our participants should they need a colleague to bounce ideas off of and hope other faculty will show interest in using OER too. Should there be future iterations of the same training, we hope our initial participants can also serve as support to colleagues in their programs as well. Additionally, we hope to partner with our librarians by utilizing our campus LMS, which is Canvas, through their modules for faculty outreach so we can collaborate across programs to strengthen our campus pedagogical practices and instructional methods. As you can see, our diverse international student body provides a fantastic sample to work with and motivation are why, if you will. As we approach faculty to be a part of our OER movement, we are hoping to initiate through this study. We will support them for the long haul and finding materials to encompass diverse needs, ways of knowing genders, disabilities, ethnicities, orientations, and lived experiences. Please reach out to us at any time. If you have questions about this or would like to follow up, there's our email and our references used. Thank you for your participation today. Mahalo.


day one Las Vegas for IBM Edge this is day one wrap-up I'm John Furrier with Dave Vellante long-day Dave great great kickoff IBM Edge doubled in size and Bush Gael new executive in charge all the VP's all the GM's came on board we heard the story Ed Walsh laid it out more open more collaborative industry better than one single vendor open collaborative and I'll see emphasis on flash software-defined everything that's the focus doubled in size I think IBM has the right formula looks like looks like from day one those numbers are higher looking good what do you think well the highlight the day for me John is when we had ambush go y'all on he I think laid out a different vision of software-defined then then some of the competition specifically what EMC did with Viper and and you know what some others have been talking about the big difference is the emphasis on openness and collaboration you know IBM's saying hey we've had software-defined for a long time and it's true a storage hypervisor is a prerequisite if you will of software-defined the ability to virtualize the underlying hardware so I'll give them a pass on that but in terms of making software-defined a modern concept all about this open APIs it's about being able to connect northbound to other other platforms like OpenStack and bring in other new services and that was the piece that impressed me the most in terms of differentiation so we're seeing a new vision from IBM of storage as a platform and I have to say it's refreshing because it's been a while since IBM storage group has put down you know a really groundbreaking vision and I think this is one the other piece of the vision is rather than have sort of static policy that is going to drive behavior we're going to bubble up analytics in the system so that ISVs can actually write code to make decisions in real time that's something we've been talking about a lot making real-time decisions around data and that's something that IBM has a lot of capabilities so you're seeing IBM reach across boundaries organizational boundaries grabbing pieces of technology and incorporating it into their storage portfolio in a way that I haven't seen in probably ever and so that's good that's impressive you know I think one of the things that to that point that I'm impressed with is that last year IBM Edge they told us that they were going to do this they're gonna break down the silos you and I basically were like yeah you need to do that I think you actually were bang on that drum for at least two years and we were obviously messaging that they did it we thought it was I thought it was gonna be a hard task I did not think IBM was gonna be able to move this fast this fat this quickly so moving the ball down the field Ed walls gotta give Ed walls a lot of credit he kind of called the shot instead of we're gonna do this that's his mission he did it and the integration story is positive I talked to a few customers in business partners here don't flow on the floor during lunch they all said to me love the messaging this is data processing again this is what IBM is telling a great story they see value in the messaging so gotta give them props and again the attendance shows that the other key thing that I liked from today was again and wish go y'all bet he said we are betting on the big shifts and he said when an industry is reforming which is happening right now it's an opportunity to to take some territory change the game create more value take a leadership position and he said we are not a leader in storage he said they will become a leader in two areas flash for big workloads and the consume the commodization and openness around that is a small so flash is a key shift and then open source open collaboration open daylight open stack these are the areas they want to be industry led not the one solution so again his quote quote on the keynote storage is going away which essentially just you know creating some excitement around the fact that it's not just about the storage it's about the storage and what's around it in software so I like the strategy I think so far the feedbacks been very positive well so I think this this is one of those heels so I've talked about the oligopoly in the IT business for a long long time I do think the rich capture here I mean you know John you and I love startups we love following startups and innovation but the reality is is if you want to do storage as a platform there only so many companies that could do that IBM is one of them obviously EMC is another one HP you know perhaps tell you know maybe Oracle if they want to certainly they could do it but there's only four or five companies that actually have the juice to do that and I think of all of them IBM's got the best track record with regard to open source they've made bets before they made giant bets on Linux Goyal himself has built businesses through acquisition and organic development in the analytics business he's bringing a lot of that playbook into storage and I think that is gonna to the extent that IBM connects you we asked them what keeps you up at night he said execution worries me it's been worrying me for 20 years so it's this is not anything new to him it is I think though John knew the storage business this this this entity of IBM storage has been it was disrupted 20 years ago and now I feel like it's IBM saying okay now it's our turn to do some disrupting of of our own so this is where it gets really interesting to me so I see big news today the other surprise on the cube today was I see Kim Stevenson from Intel CIO made it on that was a great surprise she's fantastic I'm a big fan of her she's brilliant she's beautiful and she's got so much talent both a technical level and also the management level and her mission around the modern enterprise is just fantastic little management aspect but it was the other guy Doyle that no I think was his name was his our guest was he was Bernie Dylan no Dylan Larson okay basically came on and it was ironic because he's the Zeon guy and today during the Apple's worldwide developer conference Apple announced the 12 core Zeon for the MacBook Pro and he's like well you know it's not official announcement so it's kind of fun to have that dynamic on the cube well we know we all knew it was coming yeah it was coming it was nice to see he's the guy so this is the multi-core so to me this is so amazing because of the processing power and also we had Bernie from the fellow Bernie saying Intel's more Intel's Moore's law is dead yeah he said it's a marketing that's what I'm saying but it's good we had Nancy Pearson on we had great guests VP's again a lot of good data it's an integrated model we like it and E3 was going on today about gaming again another example of big data so you're seeing the gaming world you're seeing Apple this is the consumerization of the world I think that's again is the big theme here cloud data and data management and they're betting the ranch on that I mean IBM in this group is betting the ranch on data management so that's my take so good guess tomorrow just to set up tomorrow after we kick it off we got a customer a couple customer interviews side quest Karim Abdallah's guy met in April with Brent doing all flash Alec Joseph is coming on who's the vice president business line executive of IBM blade systems Mike he runs IBM's flash business is coming on in he chose a great guest you know she's always fantastic she gave a keynote today talking about big data Charlie Charles long the CEO centerline really fantastic story that we're gonna hear from him and Andy Mancha is coming on John Andy Mancha used to run the storage business two GM's ago and is now the general manager of pure systems and also Tom Ross Amelia is coming on he's a senior vice president of STG took over for Rod Atkins we never got on the cube unfortunately but but but luckily Tom is coming on and a number of other guests as well including Susan Zoo who's gonna help us wrap up the day so so John what's your take on the day well my final comment Dave is is that again this is just an outside the box you know how I am like take the outside the box meant philosophy on on observational just data which is my kind of vision I think that the IBM storage division here is going to set themselves up for an amazing run here's why if you look at what it was two years ago it was just a boring storage division just sitting there you know spinning discs to head some stuff around there the innovation going back to the early days of IBM was fantastic it was kind of stalled it was like stuck in the mud all in Marge is going down we heard stories is going to zero when you look at what IBM is really good at machine learning cognitive learning Watson if IBM rallies the troops and gets that information that tech that code the open source did the developer works then that stuff's been hugely successful IBM could really run the table here and I think putting flash out there and bringing in all that IP if ambush Goyal can bring in that IP and rally the other divisions this could be an explosive catalyst for them and it will hit a lot of different verticals now the only question is is can IBM get out of their own way so my takeaway from here is I believe that this is the beginning of a good pole position for IBM as a company to rally around storage because again storage is the enabler it's the catalyst it's the center of gravity it's like the it's that key grab is going to create that that cluster of greatness and I think the machine learning the software inside IBM from an asset standpoint is world-class if they could bring that in then this could be a nice run for IBM if they get internal politics gets in the way and then they're not going to take advantage of the refactoring well that's why I think having Goyal as the head of the division is is critical might be why because the following one he lays out a vision it starts with a vision you got to throw people this is the mountain that we're going to climb to and then a lot of companies have vision but they just you know can't get it done but two is the resources to put behind it and I think one of the things that IBM is going to do here is to make acquisitions IBM is a very good acquirer of companies it just hasn't in my view had that storage vision and had that sort of acquisition prowess applied to the storage division in a way but they didn't have them they didn't have them the thing though Dave that's different from then and now is the mindset right the mindset of ambush Koyala's strategy and execution that's just standard management punchline you know okay check the box on that okay real deal here is they have a mindset of winning they recognize that through that the marketplaces is at a tipping point is an inflection point and it is reforming and there's a lot of mistakes that are up for grabs right now so if they could move fast and mobilize this software led infrastructure environment bring in those machine learning code cognitive learning bring in that IP and fix the plumbing they could do it they could put it together so in my view I see that as a great run and again it's all going to be with the mindset and they're smart they recognize the inflection point and that's that's going to give me that now the key is they're going to invest in it and you're right it is so now they pop in an acquisition they're taking an acquisition from a different mindset fix the storage control and which class of too many APIs too many too much code support in these kind of too many boxes were selling let's come collapse that so now their acquisitions tragedy will be very interesting to watch so that now you got kind of a purpose get a guiding principle in this new mindset purpose is a good word yeah there's a we like sports analogy of the pact he got it done it wasn't setting the world on fire IBM has potentially completely changed the game I mean here's the head of the vision saying storage should go away as a concept is that there's a word you know and that's my take away there was the container I always talk about the container container to platform I mean baseball 50% physical talent and mental and you know in this game here there's an IP so again it's about it's about energy and execution so you know good good good call day one is in the books here this is the cubes this is Silicon angles the cube with wiki bond analyst Dave Vellante here at IBM 2013 we're back for all day tomorrow for more in-depth coverage this is the cube see you tomorrow and thanks for watching


Hello, welcome to SSUnitech. So, see this side and this is continuation of SSIS tutorial. So, today we gonna discuss about OLEDB command transformation. So, what is OLEDB command transformation? So, the OLEDB command transformation runs SQL statement for each rows in the data flow. For example, we can run an SQL statement that could be inserts, update or delete rows in our database table. And the SQL statement includes parameters. The parameter values are stored in the external column in the transformation input and mapping an input column to an external columns, maps an input column to a parameter. So, what it mean and how we can use it? So, first of all we want to load data in our database table, then we want to delete that data, then we want to update the data. So, go to our SSMS. So, have a look of source. So, this is our source table. Once we execute, then we can see it have two columns. First is ID, then name. And in our destination, it also contains two columns. First is ID and second is name. Initially, we don't have any data. So, by using OLEDB command transformation, we want to load data in this table from our source table. So, go to our SSGT and here we are going to add one more package. So, right click on this SSIS package, then new SSIS package. After that, I am going to rename this package by OLEDB. Then we have to use a data flow task. So, I am going to drag and drop this data flow task and then double click on this data flow task. So, here we need to configure our source, transformation and destination. As we have discussed, we have SQL Server table. So, we have to use OLEDB source. So, we can drag and drop. Then double click on this OLEDB source. Here we need to select OLEDB connection manager. So, I am going to click on new. Then we have already made the connection. So, I am going to click on OK. Here we need to select our source table. So, as we have discussed, this is our source table. Go to our columns. So, we want ID and name both columns. So, we can click on OK. Now, we have done our source. Now, we have to configure our transformation and that is OLEDB command transformation. So, this is our label inside this command. So, we can drag and drop this OLEDB command transformation. Then we need to connect with OLEDB source. So, here we need to configure our OLEDB command transformation. So, now double click on this OLEDB command. In connection manager, we need to select our destination connection manager. So, that is our SQL Server table. So, we can select then go to on component properties. So, here we can see we have an option for our SQL statement. So, this is our SQL command. Here we can write our SQL statement. So, as I have already typed the query. So, this is for insert statement. So, I am going to copy this and paste in our SQL command. So, here we can see we want to insert data in our destination table. So, this is our insert statement. Then values coming from parameters. So, for that we need to specify question mark. So, I have specified two question marks. So, first for the ID and second for the name. And then we want to map these parameters from our input source. So, I am going to click on OK. Then we need to go on column mappings. So, in this column mapping we can see we have ID and name. So, we need to take care about the orders which we have specified in our query. So, first is for ID. So, parameter 0 should be mapped with ID. Then name should be mapped with parameter 1. So, we have done our mapping. Now, we need to click on OK. So, we have done our OLEDB command transformation. Now, we can click on start. As we can see 8 rows should be inserted in our destination table. So, I am going to stop this package and go to on SSMS. Then we can execute our selected statement. So, as we can see we are getting the data. This data is inserted in our destination table by row by row. So, our first row will be insert first, then second, then third. So, it will be performed row by row. That is why the performance of this OLEDB command transformation is very low. Then we need to configure for delete. So, I am going to change our SQL command. And this time I want use for delete. So, this is our deleted statement. So, I am going to copy this and then we need to paste that command in our SQL command. Then click on OK. Go to on column mappings. As we can see ID mapped with parameter 0. So, that is fine to me. Now, click on OK. And now, I am going to execute our package. So, this time 8 rows should be deleted from our destination table. Now, go to on SQL Server Management Studio. Then we need to execute our selected statement for destination table. So, as we can see all rows have gone. So, I am going to insert a record one more time. So, we can copy this inserted statement. Go to on OLEDB command. Go to on component properties. Then in SQL command, now click on OK. Then go to on column mappings. So, ID has been mapped successfully. Now, we need to map for name. Name is mapped successfully. Now click on OK. Now, we can save our package and then we can execute. Once we execute our package, then 8 rows should be inserted in our destination table. Now, go to on SSMS. Then we need to execute our selected statement. Here we can see we are getting the data. Now, this time I want to update some record manually. So, we can update our destination table. Then set and this time we want to set the value for su kumar sin, where ID is equals to 7. Now, we can execute our update statement. Now, I am going to select. So, as you can see in our ID 7, we are getting su kumar sin. But in our source, we are getting su only. So, once we execute our update statement, then our destination table should be updated. So, I am going to copy this update statement. Then go to on SSDT. Here we need to double click on this OLEDB command. Then component properties. Then SQL command. This time insert should be replaced by our update statement. As we can see name comes first. So, we need to map parameter 0 with the name and then parameter 1 with the ID. Now click on OK. Go to on mapping. So, name should be mapped with parameter 0 and ID should be mapped with parameter 1. So, we can map. Now click on OK. So, we have done our package. Now we can save our package and execute. So, we can stop this package and go to on SSMS. Then we can execute our selected statement for destination table. As you can see, su kumar sin has been updated by su. So, I hope you have understood how we can use OLEDB command transformation. So, it will perform row by row. That's why the performance wise it's not good. Except this, we can use import export or we can use execute sql task to execute over sql queries. So, thank you so much for watching this video. If you like this video, please subscribe our channel to get many more videos. And don't forget to press the bell icon to get the notification of our newly uploaded videos. Thank you so much.