Let's summarize important topics of magnetic effects of electric current, which in short, I'm calling magnetism on the right hand side, you can see the index. So if you want to jump to any specific topic, feel free to do that. So let's begin with the mind map. I like to divide this entire chapter into three parts based on three scientists and three discoveries. The first one is by Urstad. He discovered that current carrying wires can deflect magnetic needles. In other words, they can produce magnetic fields. This is what laid the foundation for the magnetic effects due to electric current. And how can you remember in what direction the magnetic field is going to be? Well, you can use your right hand thumb rule or the right hand clasp rule to do that. We'll talk about its details a little later. Anyways, because we know that current carrying wires can produce magnetic field, we're going to look at three situations and look at the magnetic field produced by them. A straight current carrying wire, a loop of current carrying wire and lots of loops of current carrying wires, which are called solenoids. That brings us to the next section, ampere. He was saying, look, if a current carrying wire can push a magnetic needle and deflect it, maybe the opposite can also happen. Maybe a magnet can also push and deflect a current carrying wire. And that's exactly what he proved with his experiment. He passed current through a wire placed inside a magnetic field and he found that the wire deflected. There was a force experienced by the wire. And how do you remember the direction in which the force acts? Well, you can do that by using your left hand. This is where the Fleming's left hand rule comes into the picture. Again, more details later on. And this has huge numbers of applications because now we have a way to push current carrying wires by using magnets. And the robust application is found in motors. Where magnetic fields are used to turn current carrying coils. This is what happens in your fans or in washing machines, etc. That brings us to the last scientist, Michael Faraday. He started asking a big question. Now, if electric current can produce a magnetic field, is the opposite possible? Can the magnetic field generate an electric current? To answer this question, he played a lot with magnets and coils. And in a little while, we'll again talk in detail about what his discovery was. But anyways, a lot of experiments, a couple of experiments we need to study over here. And this is also where we're going to use our right hand to figure out the direction of the induced current. So the right hand rule will be used. The Fleming's right hand rule will be used to figure out the direction of the induced current. And what's the application of this? Well, we are generating electric current. So obviously this will be used as generators. This concept is used in generators where we are going to rotate something. And that rotating device is going to produce electricity for us. All right. So now we'll jump in and start recalling each and every bit of this, but not in the same order as your NCRT, mainly because to help you in your exams, it makes a lot of sense to recall all the hand rules together, to do all the numericals together. Similarly, we will look at generators and motors together so that we can differentiate between them we can compare and contrast. So like I said, if you want to jump to a specific topic, feel free to do that. So let's start by recalling the hand rules. Here's the first one. If you want to figure out the direction of force on a current carrying wire placed in a magnetic field, which hand rule are you going to use? Can you pause and try to recollect this? All right. Hopefully you're given it a thought. The answer is Fleming's left hand rule. You stretch your fingers in such a way that they are perpendicular to each other. And what does each of the finger represent? Well, the thumb represents the direction of the force. The forefinger gives the direction of the magnetic field, which I usually we do know it as B. And the middle finger gives the direction of the current. And the way I remember this is FBI. You keep hearing that in the Hollywood action movies, FBI. So that's how I remember that. All right. Next question. How do you figure out the direction of the magnetic field around a current carrying wire? Again, can you pause and think about which hand rule is going to help you that? The answer is your right hand thumb rule. Here you clasp the conductor in such a way that the thumb represents the direction of the electric current. Then your circle fingers will give you the direction of the magnetic field around that conductor. Lastly, what hand rule is going to help you find the direction of the induced or the generated current? Well, you know what to do. Pause and think about it. The answer is Fleming's right hand rule. The arrangement is very similar to the left hand rule. Even the fingers also represent the same thing. And that's the reason why I used to get so much confused with these two rules when to apply which one. So here's the big, big difference between the two. The major difference lies in what causes what. So if you're looking at this one over here, there's already a current in the wire that has produced my baby a battery, or maybe by using some means there's already a current in the wire and that current is causing a force on the wire due to the current. There is a force acting on the wire. When that is happening, we use the left hand rule. Does that make sense? So if the force is acting on the wire due to the current placed in the magnetic field, that's when you use the left hand rule. On the other hand, literally if you are moving the wire, you or your friend or anyone is moving the wire, is pushing or pulling on that wire. And that is causing the current to be induced. See, there was no current to begin with, but because you moved, that is causing the current to be induced. Then we use the right hand generator rule. So over here, the force is causing the current to be induced. Over here, the current is causing the force. You see the big difference between them? So now the next question could be, how do we remember this? Well, what I did is I remembered right hand generator rule. So whenever the current is being generated, current is being induced, I'm going to use my right hand. And when it's not, I'm going to use my left hand whenever I have to calculate the force or something. But what if we forget whether it's right hand for generator or left hand for generator? How do we remember that? Well, one way I do that is I think of it as a right generator. Not the wrong generator, but the right generator. Okay, so that way, whenever I think about generating current or inducing current, I remember right generator, not the wrong one. And so I remember my right hand, not the left one. And of course, when do we use the right hand thumb rule, the right hand glass rule? This is when we are, we want, we are interested in the magnetic field that is produced by the electric current. Okay. That's when we go for this one. On the other hand, over here, these magnetic fields are not the ones created by this current. All right. This magnetic field may be created by some magnet. This is a separate current. All right. So when you're talking about magnetic field created by the current, that's when we go for the right hand thumb rule. You know what? This will make a lot of sense if we jump into the numericals. So let's do that. Here's the first one. It's given the below current carrying wire placed in the magnetic field, experiences a force out of the screen. Find the direction of the current. Okay. So great idea to pause the video and really think which hand rule you're going to use to figure out the direction of the current. Pause and try. All right. So it's given that the wire is experiencing a force out of the screen. So it's coming out of the screen towards you. So which hand rule should I use? I always start with, should I use my right hand generator rule? Is, is there current being generated over here? That's the big question. Let's look at the question again. The below current carrying wire placed in the magnetic field experiences a force. So, so there's already a current. Does that make sense? The current was already there. The current is causing the force. So there is no induction. Current is not being induced. There is no generation. So I'm not going to use my right hand generator rule. This means I have to use my left hand rule. Okay. So left hand rule is what needs to be used over here. And again, if you haven't tried earlier, now may be a good chance to use your left hand rule and see if you can figure out the direction of the current. All right. So the left hand rule needs to be aligned such that the thumb is pointing out F thumb is pointing out of the screen B magnetic field is to the left. So how does that look like? It looks like this thumb pointing out B that is the forefinger is towards the left. And so the current is pointing upwards and therefore the current will be upwards. That's the answer. All right. Let's go to the second one. A conducting wire is moved in a magnetic field as shown below find the direction of the induced current. So this time a wire is moved in the magnetic field and the magnetic field is given to be out of the screen. The magnetic field this time is coming out of the screen. You need to figure out the direction of the induced current gradated to pause and see which hand rule to use and orient your hand to figure this out. All right. So should I use my right hand generator rule or not? That's the question I ask. Well the current conducting wire is moved in a magnetic field as shown below find the direction of induced current. Oh, this means notice over here. Somebody is applying a force. Somebody is already pushing or pulling that wire and because of that a current is being used. So this is generation. This is generate. So I'm going to use my right hand generator rule because current is being generated generated over here. Does that make sense? So now I have to use my generator rule in such a way that the force is thumb is pointing upwards because that's the direction in which it's being moved. V stands for velocity which is useless over here. And the magnetic field that is the forefinger is pointing out. So thumb is up. The magnetic field is pointing out. It's going to look like this. And so you can see the finger, the middle finger, which uses the current is pointing towards the right, which means the current is going to be to the right. Okay, one more, a little different one this time. We are given there is a magnetic field and there is an electron moving up now. Find the direction of the force on the electron. Can you pause and try? All right, hopefully you tried. Well, this time you might be wondering, certainly where does an electron come from? What's this? It's a different problem. But remember, electron is a charged particle. And when a charged particle is moving, there is current. So what this represents is basically current. They just twisted the question a little bit. So current is upwards. Or is it that there is another twist? Electron is a negatively charged particle, right? So current is not upwards. Current now will be in the opposite direction of the flow of electrons. So current is downwards. Ooh, very interesting problem. So again, which hand to use? Do I use my right hand generator rule? Is the current being generated over here? The answer is no. Current is not being generated. Current is already present. The electron is already moving and because of the current, I am asked what is the direction of the force. So this is not generation. There is no current being generated over here. Therefore, I'm going to use my left hand. So I have to use my left hand rule in such a way that forefinger B points towards the right. The thumb should point, sorry, the current that is the middle finger should point down. All right. So how do we orient that? It's going to look like this. And so you can see the thumb, which is the force, is acting out of the page or out of the screen. And so that's our answer out of the page or out of the screen. Okay. So that now brings us to the next topic, figuring out the field configurations due to an electric current. So here's the first one. Imagine I have a straight conducting wire carrying a current to the right. How will the magnetic field look like around this wire? Can you pause and think about the answer? Well, the answer is or start figure this out long time ago, the magnetic field will be in concentric circles like this. It'll be everywhere in concentric circles. I just shown at one point over here. And what is the magnetic field generated, the strength of that field? What does that depend on? Can you think about that? Well, it depends on two important things. One is the current. If there is no current, there is no magnetic field, right? So more current, more magnetic field. So that's one thing. It depends on the strength of the current. What else? Well, it also depends upon how far you are looking at the magnetic field. If you're very close, the magnetic field is very strong. And if you go farther and farther away, the magnetic field becomes weaker and weaker.  To represent that magnetic field is becoming weaker. But now here's another question. What is the direction of this magnetic field? Will it be this way or is it going to be this way? How do you figure that out? So which hand rule are we going to use? Left hand rule, right hand rule. Well, over here, notice we need to figure out the direction of the magnetic field. Not force or current, but the magnetic field due to the current, right? That's where we use the right hand clasp rule. So you clasp the conductor such that the thumb represents the direction of the current. And then the encircling fingers gives the direction of the magnetic field around it. So in this particular diagram, notice the encircling finger is downwards over here. So the magnetic field is going to go down like this and then go up this way. So this is wrong. That's not how it's supposed to be. The magnetic field is going to be like this. So right hand thumb rule. All right. The second case we're going to think about is what will be the magnetic field around a current carrying loop of wire? You think about this? Well, again, because you want to figure out the magnetic field, we have to clasp this wire. But since this is not a straight wire, what we can do is we can take tiny sections of it and keep clasping it. So I'm going to take two sections over here and let's clasp it with our right hand. It's going to look like this. So near those sections of the wire, we can say the magnetic fields are going to be that way given by the right hand clasp rule. And now we can kind of make a guess. We can say, look, as I go farther and farther away, the magnetic field has to go from here going this way to this way. So I can kind of guess the magnetic field must slowly become flat and then bend the other way around. And that's how I can guess the rest of the magnetic field should look somewhat like this. So this is how the magnetic field looks like for a current carrying loop. Let me make it short and keep it over there. The third and the final magnetic field we need to look at is for a solenoid. A solenoid is basically a very tightly coiled current carrying loop. It has a lot of loops, so it's very long. Okay, it has very tightly coiled. So if you pass a current through that, what will the magnetic field look like? It's going to look very similar to this one, except that it'll be having these lines over here in the middle will be very straight because of a lot of coils. So it's going to look somewhat like this. Pretty similar to this. But if you look at this, this is going to resemble something that you may have already seen, maybe familiar with, that's a bar magnet. And so a solenoid produces a magnetic field very similar to a bar magnet. And that's why a solenoid can be used as a replacement for bar magnet. This is why we call the solenoid as an electromagnet. And so now we know electric current can produce a magnetic field that brings us to the very next question which Faraday asked, is the opposite possible? Can a magnetic field generate an electric current? We already know the answer to that, so no climax over here. But that brings us to electromagnetic induction. So here is the big question that Faraday was asking. Can magnetic fields produce electric current? What do you think? Well, when it comes to physics, we need to be very, very careful about wordings and everything. In physics, if somebody asks you, can magnetic field generate electric current? The answer is no, it can't. Magnetic fields cannot produce electric current. That's what we find. But changing magnetic fields, turns out, can produce electric current. All right, and this is the whole idea of being electromagnetic induction. If you want electric current, you need to have a changing magnetic field. So let's test this by a couple of examples. Here's the first one. It's an experiment. Let's say I take a magnet and I keep it at rest near a coil. Question is, will there be a current induced in this coil? What do you think? Well, to answer this question, we need to ask, is the magnetic field changing around the coil? The answer is no, because the magnetic field is at rest. So the magnetic field stays the same. The strength stays the same. So it's not changing. That's important. Since it's not changing, there will be no electric current generated over here. Okay, let's consider the second case. Suppose I have the same arrangement, but this time I take that magnet and I move it towards the coil. See, I move it towards the coil. Now what's going to happen? Do you think there will be a current induced? Well, again, let's see. When I move that magnet towards the coil, the magnetic field is increasing. It's becoming stronger associated with the coil, right? And so there is a changing magnetic field. Electric current will be induced. So if I move the coil, the magnet towards the coil, yes, there will be a current induced. Okay, here's a question for you. What happens if I move the magnet away from the coil? Do you think there will be a current over here? Again, let's see. When I move the magnet away from the coil, what happens to the magnetic field over here? Magnetic field decreases. It might even become zero. I don't know. It depends on how far I move the magnet. The question is, is the magnetic field changing? The answer is yes. If the magnetic field is decreasing, it is changing. So because it is changing, there will be an electric current. So again, when I move the magnet away, there will be an electric current. However, the difference will be this time, since the magnetic field is decreasing, the current will be generated in the opposite direction. So when I move the magnet towards, current will be generated in one direction. And I move it away. The current will be generated in the opposite direction. Okay, another experiment, the coil and the coil experiment. This time I have one coil, which is not connected to any battery, but another coil or another solenoid, which is connected to a battery. I'm going to close the switch, and I want you to tell me what's going to happen. When I close the switch, a current will fast through this. And as we saw before, a magnetic field will be generated over here. So what will you see in the second coil? Can you think about this? I'm going to tell you the answer directly. When I close the switch, momentarily there will be a current and then the current disappears. That's what you'll find. Only momentarily there will be a current and the current disappears. That's what you'll find. Why is that? Well, let's look at it in a little bit more detail. When I close that switch, a current starts running through the coil. The current starts increasing. It was zero before, but now the current starts increasing. The battery starts pushing the charges. As the current increases, a magnetic field starts getting generated and the magnetic field starts increasing. That means the magnetic field is changing. And it's during this time, a current gets generated, electromagnetic induction. As long as the magnetic field is increasing because the current is rising, growing, as long as that's happening, there is induction. But very quickly, the current will reach its maximum value. After a point, the current will become steady. The current will reach a maximum value. Once that happens, the magnetic field won't grow anymore. And as a result, there is no longer a changing magnetic field. And so there'll be no more current induced in the coil. And that's why the current only induced when that magnetic field was growing, when that current was growing for that moment, for that fraction of a second, and then it disappears. What do you think is going to happen when I open the switch? Well, again, you'll find something very similar. Momentarily, you'll find a current. Why? Because again, when I open the switch, the magnetic field starts reducing. And when that happens, again, there will be a current generated in the opposite direction, of course. But as long as the magnetic field is reducing, there will be a current generated. But once the magnetic field has completely reduced to zero, the current is already gone, no longer change happens. And then there'll be no longer current induced in the secondary coil. So in this experiment, only when you close the switch or when you open it momentarily, there will be a current induced. And hopefully now understand why, because of this electromagnetic induction. With this, we can now jump to motors and generators. So if you look at the setup, they look very similar to each other. Their setups are very similar. But there's a huge difference between motors and generators.  What's the difference between them? Major difference? All right. So in motors, you supply electricity, maybe using a battery, let's say. And that electricity produces the spin. So the current is producing the spin. A quick example would be in your fans. When you switch on the current, the fans start spinning. If there is no power, the fans stop spinning. The current provides spinning. That's what motor is. On the other hand, the generators are exact opposite. Here we spin that coil and that generates the current that produces the current. So it's exactly the opposite. A quick example could be generators that we use in our houses, maybe diesel generators where the diesel is your petrol or diesel is used to spin that. And then because of the spin, we get electricity to our house or maybe in wind mills, the wind is used to spin something to spin the coil eventually. And that causes electricity to that causes that generates the electricity. Now, of course, if you want details on their working, we have dedicated videos for each one of them. Feel free to go back and check them out. Having said that, let me highlight a couple of important details. First one is which hand rule are we going to use for motors and generators to figure out the direction of the force and the direction of the current? Can you pause and think about that? All right. As you have seen before, I remember the right hand generator rule. That itself reminds me, Hey, I have to use the right hand Fleming's rule for my generator. And why is that? Because we use our right hands whenever we are generating current, whenever electromagnetic induction is happening. And that's what happens over here, right? On the other hand, literally, we use left hand for motor. Why? Because we're not generating current over here. We are pretty we are putting the current from the battery or whatever. And we're generating the spin, right? Basically, we're putting force, right? And to figure out when that happens, the current provides force or the current and the magnetic field provides force. That's when you use your left hand Fleming's rule. Another important thing I want to mention is the role of these split rings, right? This is called a commutator. What's his job? Well, because we have a split ring, what happens is every half a cycle, the contact reverses. And as a result, the current starts reversing in this coil. Okay. And that reversal of current is required because without that, this motor, this coil wouldn't keep on turning. If the more, if the coil needs to keep on turning, the current needs to keep on reversing. So you see the battery doesn't reverse the current. And so we reverse the contacts every half a cycle. That reverses the current in the coil every half a cycle. And that keeps the coil spinning. And so the commutator's job is to keep reversing the contact. So as to keep reversing the current over here. On the other hand, why do we need to commit it over here? Well, just like what we saw here, if you want this thing to keep on spinning, the current needs to keep on reversing every half a cycle, right? Every half a rotation. So over here, it's the exact opposite. If you keep spinning the coil, then the current that we get, the current that we get over here will keep reversing automatically. So if we didn't use this, there's a current that you, that might go through the bulb will keep on reversing. Now, if you don't want that, if you don't want the current to keep reversing over here, again, we use a commutator. So what's going to happen is as the current reverses, this will also keep reversing the contact. So current reverses, the contact reverses. And as a result, you will see that the current that we eventually get will not reverse. Okay. So long story short, commutators will ensure that the current in the external circuit over here, they will be in one direction, but the current in the coil will keep on reversing. And so since the current in the external circuit, the circuit over here, this external circuit, since that does not reverse, we call these devices DC. DC stands for direct current, which means the current does not reverse in the external circuit. On the other hand, what happens if you don't use a commutator over here? What if you didn't use split rings over here? Well, like I said before, if you don't use split rings, but let's say if you use whole rings so that the contact does not reverse. See over here, this, this is always in contact with this ring. This is always in contact with this ring. There is no reversal of the contact. Then, like I'm like we mentioned before, the current over here will keep on reversing. And such currents are also useful to us. We call them alternating current. So an alternating current is where in the external circuit, the current will keep on reversing continuously. Now lastly, you may be wondering, we can have an AC generator, right? So can we have similarly an AC motor where in the external circuit of the motor, we have alternating current? The answer is yes, you can have AC motor, but you can't simply put whole rings over here and expect to get that. Turns out AC motors, their setup is a little complicated. And therefore in our syllabus, we won't talk about AC motors. And that's why in our syllabus, we only have DC motors, but we have both DC generators and AC generators. So remember, for DC, you need commutators, something to keep reversing the contact. And for that, you need split rings. But for AC, AC generator, you don't need any split rings. You don't need reversal. So use whole rings. So now that brings us to the last topic, domestic wire rings. So you are familiar with this socket, your household socket, which has three holes, right? Can you recall what are the different wires that these holes are connected to? And what are the colors of those wires? All right. One of the hole is connected to a red wire, which is called live wire or a hot wire. It's called so because it is at a very high voltage. And so extremely dangerous to touch that. The whole opposite to that, that is connected to a black wire and it's called neutral. It's called so because it's maintained at a very low voltage, usually at the same voltage as the ground. But again, need not be exactly the same. So again, not a good idea to touch that as well. And the third wire, the third hole is connected to a green wire, which is called the earth wire. Now, ideally it shouldn't be carrying any current because the live and the neutral connect this complete the circuit sorry. However, sometimes if there are falls in the devices and let's say the devices have metallic bodies, then there could be some leakage of current. And if you touch that, the current can flow through your body to ensure that does not happen. We make a earth wire, basically any leakage of current goes through this and goes all the way to the ground or goes to the earth. So it's not going to the main circuit. It is going to the earth. Now, because current can cause heating, that can be bad because the insulation can melt and expose the wire. So to ensure that the current does not exceed the maximum value that the wire can handle, a device is connected over here. What device is that? Can you recall what that is? That device to ensure the current does not exceed a maximum value is called a fuse. A fuse basically contains a wire of a particular material and it's built in such a way that if the current exceeds a particular value, then it's this fuse wire that melts first and it melts and it immediately breaks the contact, breaks the circuit, ensuring no current flowing. So the next question could be what are the different situations in which current might tend to exceed the maximum value in our circuit? The two very common situations are short circuit and overloading. Can you recall what each one of those are? Okay, so short circuit basically means a lower resistance path is created. This can happen when, say, the live wire and the neutral wire, they lose their insulation and come in contact with each other. In that case, what happens is, you see, there is absolutely no resistance over here and the current can just flow from here to here. Very high voltage, very low resistance, meaning very high current gets drawn. And so this is a situation where a high current can get drawn and so, again, the fuse is going to help us over here protect the circuit. So another situation is overloading. What does that do? Well, overloading basically means too many devices are connected. So you can think of load as device. So what happens if you connect too many devices over here? Well, in a household circuit, remember that devices are connected in parallel so that each device gets the same voltage, but they will have, they will draw, each one will draw a different current. Now, if you connect too many of these devices, then what happens is each one will draw, each one will draw their own current. And as a result, the total current drawn from the main live wire, that can exceed, again, the maximum value. And again, in that case, the fuse is going to protect us. Now, one last point before we wind up is if you look at NCRT, it defines overloading. It says overloading can occur when the live wire and the neutral wire come into direct contact. We just saw that's short circuiting, not overloading. So that part is wrong. Okay. At least as of December 2019, this is the sentence in the NCRT, which is wrong. All right. So that winds up our entire magnetism chapter. If you have difficulty in recalling any of these concepts, no worries at all. You can go back and watch videos and practice those specific concepts on our Khan website. All the best for your exams.


So next part is I'll share a little bit about the mentoring program So let me just bring up my slides And so you can share a little bit about that quickly So the mentoring program is something we just This is our second batch So give me a history We had our first batch as a pilot program Sometime in April It was late last year Early April April May and that was our first pilot batch So I forgot how to go about doing this And then we started our first batch Around the second half of last year All the way to around Christmas So right now we're going into our second batch So we've learnt a lot of lessons From our pilot batch as well as our first batch So right now we'll share a little bit more About our mentoring program So maybe I'll just adjust the camera a bit So I can focus on the main Okay Where am I? Okay Ah okay, now a bit more So for the mentoring program We can have a look at the slides This is a link to the slides So you can go just download that later And you can find out more about the program here So about the mentoring program So sometime last year we did a survey of the junior deaf group And we identified 3 areas That our members and our group Kind of lead guidance on Number 1 is on career coaching and guidance And they also want to look for professional growth And getting becoming better at what they do And there's also some work And technical skills related stuff So to help them deepen Their technical knowledge of things So for the technical knowledge We have this program which is the Developers Gym Where we do coding workshops And some specific skills training That kind of caters for the technical things That you want to learn And how you level up as a developer But I think for career guidance and professional growth This is where I think junior developers Mentoring program can really help you in Right, so this is We feel it's the best to address With regular mentoring sessions And we decided to go with group mentoring Because we feel that it's kind of the best way To have a consistent So having Being able to go with the group mentoring session With a consistent group And kind of provides a certain cadence Regular cadence where you can get into a safe zone And you can really build Meaningful and deep relationships With the people in the group And then hopefully You help each other and be sustainable In your personal work In this particular career So hope is that you Come in for joining our mentoring Mentoring program And you can basically Be able to find people which you can Kind of form a sort of accountability circle Where you can basically help each other And be accountable for each other And help become better at what you do here So before the session If you're joining us to the program Once again, as I said Our focus is really on Career coaching Career guidance and professional growth Not so much the technical things So if you want technical things You can recommend topics for us Developer gyms They are more specific to technical Skills that you want to learn But what we hope to do Is to show this program We want to build you up in your soft skills And your ability to Learn and be good at this So So before the sessions We plan to do a mentors orientation Where we prepare the mentors For the mentoring session In our first batch For the mentors At the crash course And met each other So we plan to do a bit more Give them a bit more time So they can know each other better Before they get started into the mentoring program So because this mentoring program We also The success of it Prevers a lot on the quality And the people that we get as mentors So I think we want to make sure they're comfortable And they are empowered to do what they do And then we also have a kickoff session After that on the 7th of April Where all the shortlisted mentees Who have signed up for the program Will be introduced to the mentors And they will do some expectation setting And stuff like that So you can help everyone to get aligned In terms of the goals and what we want to do And then of course after that We will start the mentoring program The mentoring sessions are scheduled To start on the 21st of April And we'll go all the way to the 4th of August So basically And we'll try to form the mentoring groups Around the 2nd or 3rd session The mentoring groups Will be usually About 2 mentors To about 3 mentees And we want to also try our best To get a 1 to 1 parity In terms of male and female mentors Hopefully We get more women mentors this time Which will be really helpful We believe that a healthy and balanced mentor To mentee ratio Or excal crucial Because I think we want to be able to In a way, I want 2 mentors in a group Because I want them to become low balance And not 1 person take on everything But I also want to make sure that the mentees Can also have more than 1 person They can talk to for diverse opinions Or rather not be too Skewed towards 1 person's perspective On things and then let the mentors So 1 mentor to be able to To each other and give them Different perspectives about stuff So So because Of this, we need to maintain A healthy balance and ratio So we do need to be a bit more careful Or rather we need to be We need to limit the intake We can't be like everyone come in Or we want to make sure that we have a good balance And for certain mentees Who prefer a gender preference We also can put together Or men's group So there's a sign up form And sign up form you can put You can indicate your preference So mentoring group sessions 6 sessions So every 3 weeks we'll meet We'll probably be on Tuesdays Because we like Tuesdays Because Tuesdays is not Monday Hopefully no Monday blues And then we'll probably Provide dinner We believe that you should have A good dinner And of course we're not going to do pizza Not so much So yeah So the sessions we usually start with Dinner where the mentors and mentees Can get to network and talk to each other And get to find out more about each other Then there'll be some talks Where the mentors can talk About a specific team So we have this And mentoring group can break up Or they do a bit of shareback And of course I'll let it go for supper I think we'll be doing this For like 2 batches And this kind of seem to work Okay cool And of course groups may also arrange Social gatherings in between We did a Christmas thing Last December which is kind of nice I think we'll do a bit more of those Social gatherings in between So enrollment fee There's a small enrollment fee Only when you're shortlisted So when you're shortlisted You'll ask to pay this It's pretty much to help us cover The cost of catering And so some logistics Like the food we need to cater And buy food beforehand So this is kind of payable Actually you'll be accepted into the program So don't worry, you can fill out the form Without having to pay for stuff Right And of course it's free for mentors And we value the mentors' time And we want to make sure That they will enjoy doing this As well So the important dates So The mentoring session Will be starting on April But I think we'll have Mentors orientation in March And then kickoff session will be in April I think first Tuesday of April I think And then after that will be the sessions And there'll be a retro Towards the end of the sessions So So here's some photos of our mentoring program Or at least the pilot run So this is between 11 April to 21 May So this is the group that was there You can see Rachel Right there That cute little face And then where's Max Max is, oh not here Oh yeah, here's Max And Mike is there as well And yeah Issue is not here man Or you were not there at the last session Anyway So some photos of the people who were Involved These are mentors and mentees Sometimes we do go for drinks And That we do have all women's groups As well So this is some of the all women's groups That are involved in this Yeah Right So if you're really interested in this And you find that this is something you might Want to join You can scan this QR code So on the left you have the mentee Sign up Scan this and join us as a mentee And you can sign up as a mentor If you just scan the QR code on the right And that should get to the To the form So So the closing date We'll share a bit more about the closing date Later I will now the closing date is in the form If I'm not wrong So you can find the date there So With that That's it Right That's all for the mentoring program


Okay, so this, this was the magic. This is the magic and this was the, this is the foundation. It's all about the intro video, right? So now, unlike your other videos that you have on the business page, all of those videos were just posted organically, got a few views, and that's about it. And so now, from this point on, and so now, yeah, from this point on, whether it's, whether it's going to be organic because you do a lot of video you post a lot of organic video and that's cool. But what I would recommend is now narrowing it, narrowing it in to just one person. Right now we're just targeting the homeowner. And in two reasons because one reason it makes it easier for you to think of content. Now all I gotta do is think of content around the around the homeowner. I don't have to think of all these random real estate tips and tricks and strategies and all these different random ideas that people have when it comes to real estate there's so many different things you could talk about. You know, most rotors are bringing all this random content to social media, and it's not targeting anyone it's it's just talking all real estate related which is cool, but it's too general. When it comes to marketing, again, whether this it's organic or an ad focus in focus on one person, and it's super simple, the homeowner, we now have a seller guide. We all keep pumping out these videos whether it's organic or ads, and now we're targeting one person, the seller. Right now we have something to offer the free PDF. So, so here is where it all starts. This was the intro video, our whole objective with this is to run it to our local area, get thousands of people to view it, and then take, take the percentage of the 11,000. Put it in an audience and continue to retarget them. There are people who live down the street. Right so literally, literally physically down the street. So now we're going to take the audience and we're going to say hey Facebook. Here's an audience of 11,000 people out of the 11,000 people X amount watched, watch that so that's a that's a 54 second video. We're going to tell Facebook, this is an audience. 54 seconds 11,000 views out of the 11,000 views, there were a percentage that actually watched it for 30 seconds. Not everyone watched the whole video, the 11,000 viewed account at the top right 11k.  That's why you see in the top right 11.4,000 three second video views. So if you count 11k, that happens off of three seconds. So, so, so, so 11,000 people for sure watched it for at least three seconds. But how many watched it for 20 seconds. How many watched it for 30 seconds. Right, not everyone watched it for 54 seconds that number is going to be smaller than 11,000. Even those who watched it for 22 seconds would be smaller than 11,000 right 11,000 watched it for at least three seconds. But the amount of people who watched it for maybe 15 seconds is probably less than 11,000 for sure. But here's my point, whatever it is, we're going to take that audience. So for example, we would take the audience of those who watched it for those who watched it for 30 seconds, we're going to put them in an audience if we didn't already which I think we did though, I think we did and that's good. So what we're going to do now what I'm going to show you now is how we take that audience, and we, we now scale it we now tell Facebook hey man, here's, here's a few thousand people that watched my video for 20 seconds. Go and find me 300,000 more people Facebook that look just like them. And now that's when we go into add number two let's call this at number one. That's when we now go into add number two, talking to the homeowner offering the seller guide. But now that's when we have a group of people hundreds of thousands of people that we can now target because Facebook knows our ideal client or not ideal client but they know our ideal viewer. The viewer is the person who sat here and watched it for at least 20 seconds, not three seconds that's 11,000 people that watch it for three seconds I don't want all 11,000 nor do I need all 11,000. I need the people who watched it for at least 20 seconds. And let's call that 6000 people. Okay, so 6000 people watched it for at least 20 seconds. That's what faith that's what we want to tell Facebook right now that's what we're going to set up we're going to say Facebook here is X amount. Go and find us more. And that's when we go into at number two, which could be all these pre these videos that you already have made right you have a ton of them that already made. But whatever it is, it's at number two. And that's when we now start going for leads. So, so now let's so let me take to the setup because this part so so important and this where everyone drops the ball. Let's open up another tab. And let's just go straight to. We have our bookmarks right there at the top FB business manager the folder so just open up another tab, open up another tab now open up another tab. Hit the plus sign open. Yeah, open another tab go to your folder and go to. Let's hit our folder what do we have in the folder the book the FB business manager folder right at the top bookmarks. So in here, you can go to custom audiences perfect so go to custom audiences. Okay so in here. I'm pretty sure we already set up the audience of the intro, which is, which is which one was it was intro video at the top one intro video 25%. So perfect so we have that video intro video 25%. So again, 25% of 54 seconds. Right so 25% of 54 seconds is what is is a quarter of 50. 15. About 15 seconds. Yeah. Yeah. So that's my point. That audience are those that watched it for at least 15 seconds now if 11,000 watched it for three seconds. It's safe to say that in and we can know the exact number I can we can go and look at the exact metric but I'm metric but I'm just giving you the overall general example and this is as basic as it is. 25% those that watched it for at least 15 seconds. Let's call that a group of 6000 people. Right, so now we're going to take that audience of let's just say 6000 people that watched it for at least 25%. We're going to now take that audience to Facebook and say hey man here is a group of people on a silver platter, go and find me hundreds of thousands more that look just like them. Let's turn to what I'm what I mean by look just like them. Same buying patterns, same clicking patterns Facebook knows everything we're clicking on. And they really they mainly know it because every website nowadays has a Facebook pixel. So if you're building a website or if you're putting together any landing pages in 2022. You at least know of the Facebook pixel, and you at least have your pixel on that even if you're not running ads, you, you at least have your Facebook pixel. And if you have a website today and you don't have a Facebook pixel on it then you're really, you're really behind times. But most people that have a website even if your broker is providing your Howard Hannah website, the whoever is building that website, they have a pixel on it. So again, that that's what most websites have most landing pages have that's how Facebook has so much data, they know what everyone's clicking on because of pixels. So here, again, all we want to do is show is tell Facebook here is this group, go and find us more that resemble them. And here's how you do it so check the box to the left of intro video, check the box. And now we're going to simply, you can click on those three dots right at the top. This is how you create a look alike audience based on the 25%. So you have look alike but you're in housing you should have seen a different option click on the blue create audience button. There should be a yeah there we go so special ad audience. So come down to that one special ad audience. Again, I know I've already lost you, but but but but if but try to try to really understand this basic part hit continue. All we're doing is now taking this group, which is again less than 11,000. Let's call this just a few thousand. But as long as it's a few thousand that's all we need 3000 4000 of the 11,000 whatever we just need a few thousand to make this happen. So here we're going to select your source so check the box. At the top select your source and come down to the the intro video the 25% so it's going to be that one. And then the audience like your audience location just put United, you can only go by by region or country so click inside that box and type in the United States. Okay, so now just hit the drop down United States. And so now, get away from there so click away from the drop down. Yeah, okay so now the number of special ad audiences we want three so hit the drop down of one and come down to three. So we want, we want. So these are the three audiences 0 to 1% that's one audience. So again, based off of the criteria, 25% of a 55 second video or 54 seconds whatever it was. So here we have data, a few thousand people where we're giving it to Facebook, and now Facebook Facebook Facebook's going to show us 2.7 million more. Now this is nationwide but once we actually go around the ad and we type in your local area. That's when Facebook then narrows it into that local area so it might not be 2.7 million 0 to 1%. 2.7 that's how many people resemble this group of people in the country. But again, once we get to the targeting is going to be smaller than that so let's just call it a few hundred thousand. If I can if I can tell Facebook hey here's a few thousand of these people watch it for 25%. And then Facebook goes and show and go and finds me 300,000 people that resemble that them that look that are actually in my local area. So let's go out. Then from ad number two and on we target that audience, because Facebook has already worked the algorithm, Facebook has already worked at all, and they found our ideal audience, based on our 25%. So base within that base within that mileage from based on based on my research. Exactly. Yes, yes, we're only targeting our local area. So this is how you scale Facebook ads. This is what most don't get to most just run an ad will capture lead and think they know Facebook ads. No, you don't. There's so much more that goes to it, but it's simple. It's simple. It's just a few buttons that we're clicking on here. It's simple. And then once we really set this part up we then, again, this becomes the targeting. We target our local area, and we also include this in the in the targeting as well. And so we have three audiences that we're creating one is zero to 1%, 2.7 million. And then the second is one or two and then the third is two to three, three different audiences so go to create audience. Hit the blue and create audience. And so now we have literally, it's going to be hundreds of thousands of people that that that end up fitting this criteria refresh this page just go and refresh it at the top just hit the little arrow. Yeah, there you go. And then we'll see it here. And these are our special ad audiences. So those are all ready to go. So now, now, and we don't have ad number two ready just yet. That's what hopefully we're going to strategize about today. But here's how you would target it. Here's how exactly you would do it. Click the three lines on the top left and go to your ads manager. So three lines, right at the top left and go to ads manager here. The three lines to the left right below here. Yeah, click on as manager. Okay, so now here's how you do now we have the audience is set up right we have the audience is set up so now click on the green create button. And so now as we go to the setup of the ad and access out real quick close out this little window here in the middle. Just hit X real quick. And as yeah, click it again, click the X, close it out. Yes. Yes. So as we go through what I'm going to show you when you click the green button, we're going to the setup of an ad. All we're doing is going through these tabs. Okay, so campaign. This is one tab. The middle tab is ad sets. The tab to the right is ads. Do you see that three tabs. Do you see that you set up. So the campaign is where we choose the objective conversions. And then and then we also choose to special. Yeah, so all I'm going to do is take you to the three we're going to go through the first two, just so I can show you how to target these audiences. But, but that's all we're doing is as we click the green button we're just going through these three tabs. So click the green button. So campaign is choosing the objective. So 99.999% of time in fact 100% of the time for ad number two and on its leads. So you're going with leads, and then click continue. So campaign. Yep, this first tab is choosing the objective, which is leads, and then choosing the, and then hidden the dropdown which is special add categories hidden the drop down there for categories, and going housing. That's it. That's step one, the campaign tab. That's it. Then you go to click the blue button next, and then you go to the second tab, which is the ad set tab. In the ad set tab. This is where you choose your budget. This where you choose your audiences. This where you choose your targeting. This where you actually put the conversion event which is the pixel.  But then the, the, the red box at the bottom that's where you choose the custom conversion, which the custom conversion is your thank you page. That's what we set up under custom conversion so if you click inside that box the red box conversion event. It's a custom conversion. Click inside the red box.   It's the, it's the one that you typed out which was seller guide leads, go back up seller guide leads.  But, but, but that's, that's our thank you page. You got two pages right the opt in page the landing page and the, and the thank you page. Here on the second tab, the ad set tab. This is where we would put in our custom conversion. That's it right there. We make sure the top says website so scroll back up to the top real quick this bubble is website so we're good there. We scroll down. So below conversion event we scroll down this where we're going to also choose the audiences, choose the targeting choose the budget that's all done on the second tab. The second level so scroll down below conversion event you got, you got audiences. So, where did it go where where's your scroll scroll down, yes scroll down. So you got you got right, you keep going show more options. So click on show more options. And then keep going down lower. So the budget and then you got your audiences right below the budget so the budget. You'll always want to start the ad the next day always try to set. And again, don't worry about trying to master this this is what I'm here for I'm going to continue to coach you and teach you until we freaking get this thing down down. But, but, but this is where if when you're running ads let's say for example you're on your own and, and you're set up this ad. So if you set it up in the morning time, then set it for the next day at 6am. Right so if it was actually 11am your time right now and you were doing this, set the ad to start the next day at 6am. If we're already at 330 ish and it's already way afternoon your time, then set it for the following day at 6am. So it would go out on the first at 6am for example. Okay that way you get Facebook plenty of time to approve the ad. So you scroll down so if you scroll down. Now we have our audiences. Now we have our audiences so if you click inside the box, search existing audiences. This is where we have our look alike audiences which are your a K special at audiences. So this is where now. And this is this is a part of testing as well so when it comes to Facebook ads is not like you can put out one ad and all of a sudden you're going to generate a shitload of leads. There's testing, testing one form of testing is testing audiences and seeing okay in this one ad maybe we put all three of them. And then a second ad maybe we only target one of them. Right and then and then the third ad maybe we maybe we only target two of them. So it's a form of testing your testing audiences to see which audience pops, or your testing videos or your testing images. Really, those, those are really the only, actually, you know, that's the only testing you're going to really do two types of testing, testing audiences, and then testing videos. Right, so the strategy that I'm really trying to give you is, is, is, is two videos a month. Post one video, let it run for 15 days. Post another video, let it run for 15 days. I really believe two videos per month to video videos per month will will will outperform and outdo all the organic posting that you're doing right now. So if you're doing Instagram if you're doing tick tock if you're putting these videos on your business page and you're just posting them organically, you know, up there to ads a month would replace all of that, like literally, literally all of that. And then you just do it. Yeah, you run one video at for 15 days. If it's not, if it's not generating leads okay well then cool we have our second one ready to go on day 16. And that's that's the only reason why you'd run another another video on the on the 16 day for example it's the only reason why you'd run your second video. For example, is if the first one wasn't wasn't working. No big deal. It's part of testing. So again, two forms of testing are your audiences, seeing which audience is the one generating leads. And then and then seeing what video is the one generating leads if video number one is starting to really take off and we're on day 13 day 14 day 15 and now a ton of leads are coming in from this one video ad. Okay well then leave it on. Don't run the second one. We don't need to run the second one right because it's how you felt about this first round. No, the first one was not a lead ad. We'll get to that one, but the one that we went out the one the video that we first ran that got 11,000 views. That wasn't a lead ad that was simply brand awareness the only reason why we did that was to get the 11,000 views. Okay, so we can then piggyback off of that data. Now when we go run at number two, now we're going for leads. Yes, now we're going to start looking at cost per lead and start generating leads. And that's when earlier on. I'm trying to really recommend, go all in and only target the homeowner with content whether it's organic or ads, we're only looking for the homeowner I am not educating anybody else on purchasing or any of the other random real estate stuff. That's just my recommendation you can do whatever but but but but but I want to do what your plan is. Yeah but that's that's marketing right is now we're targeting one type of person I have an avatar. And even in my business to really really keep it real with you Andrea, you are my avatar. Like you are literally my avatar. I don't work with many men. I don't work with people under the age of 2599.999% of my clients and this has been this way since 2016. And I have hundreds of clients I have hundreds of Andreas 99.999% of my clients are a specific type of person. They are the Andreas. They are the Andreas. They're not the young 24 year old real estate agent who knows everything about social media.  That's not my ideal client my avatar is the Andrea. So, because I understand marketing and I understand going after one type of person. Same thing with real estate. And again, as I mentioned every rotors talking everything under the sun when you don't need to be go after one person. Right so so so. So now now you have now you have that avatar now you have that that ideal ideal client. So now just comes out of testing it comes out of testing audiences it comes out of testing videos and and and just let and continually to stay consistent. But this right here, those are the audiences that that we would target so we would target, we would target all three of them in this one in this one run, maybe on add number two, we only target one of them. So what you're going to do is, for example, click all three of them put all three of them, all three of them. And then in this one this one and this one, click all of them shift you all one by one if you need to do all of them. Oh I see. And so, and so that would be one form of testing so at the very very top I would give it a name so scroll to the very very top. I would title each step. Right, so we want to go through each step and entitled this right here on step number two, and all I do is I give it a brief description of what I did in this step. So take away new leads out set delete that part. Here, I would put, I would put targeting three special ad audiences targeting all three special ad audiences, right targeting targeting three. So add audiences, and then and then and then I'll put dash, and then I would, and then the actual location so so down below. Once you go down below the audiences so go back down because you'll come back up and add another word to that title and you'll add more to the title as we as we really finalize what we're going to put down here. So what we did so far as we we got the conversion event that's cool we got the website that's cool scroll down. And then we got the audiences we put the we put the special ad audiences and so that's cool, and then scroll down the daily budget whatever the budget maybe right 13 bucks a day or whatever 13 bucks a day. Maybe I might put 13 a day in the title at the top as well. Right. And the only reason why again I'm putting a descriptive title so when I look at the ad on the dashboard. I don't know exactly what ad that is. If I don't label that if I don't put a good title, I won't know exactly what happened within that ad and I have to click to come into it at the look at it. And no one has time for that. I want to just glance and see a title and know exactly what that is. That's the only reason for the titling at the top. So but the scroll down so now we now we have our audiences we have our special ad audiences that's our form of testing we're going to run this ad and test those audiences. And the locations, that's when I would come down the locations I would click edit over the United States, click on edit, and then X out the United States, and put in the one the one address that we're going to be targeting the local address. So when it comes to taking over your local area, I would either put in my physical address, or maybe the physical address of the office. I would down search, search locations right above the map. Search locations. Okay. Rouse search locations is click inside. Yep. And then just type in whatever. So whatever wherever you're targeting stick to that targeting. Right. So, so wherever you targeted for the intro video, we got 11,000 views on that first video. Right. Where did you target that that first video was that's my offices. Was it around your physical address or was it around a city Mac Macedonia. Mass Macedonia or whatever, how do you pronounce or Sagamore I mean, they're within five minutes of each other, whatever, whatever, whatever, and whatever it is stick to that targeting. So don't put one word here and one word, a different word tomorrow like one keyword because we want to really penetrate the exact location on every app. That's the key. So if anything you can go, we can go look, why don't we look, let's go look, hit the X and top left X out real quick. Top left here. Yeah, Excel, and then come back to, yeah, Excel, and then just hit close. And then come to that first add our brand awareness so click on, click on campaigns the tab click on the actual tab campaigns. Yep, that's the tab. So right here. So the second one down intro video awareness. Check that go to go and check that box to the left. Let's go into this one real quick and uncheck the top one uncheck the top box. Okay. And then click on the middle tab. So once you check the box. Now we now we're controlling this one at the intro video awareness. So let's click on the middle tab. And then right here. I want to be able to look at that title and know exactly where I'm targeting. Right. I put Cleveland. Exactly. So, if you didn't put that then we'd have to go into edit. Watch, under the title click on edit CLE 30 miles click on edit below the title, edit. So if you didn't describe it there, we'd have to come in here, scroll down, right and this is already time consuming. So, so that's my point on a descriptive title. So we don't have to come in here but but just scroll down to the map anyways scroll down the map. Was it Cleveland is that what you typed in is that we actually typed in was right here right here. So I know you titled it but scroll down to the map. Is that what you actually typed typed in right let's see. So scroll down the map keep going. So right here up at the top go back a little higher. So right here yeah you went Cleveland, right so you went Cleveland 30. That's my point so whatever you go with stick to it. So this second one is not Macedonia, or whatever it's Cleveland, it's Cleveland 30. Right. So, we'll got this. So, so now let's just go back so unchecked. Yes, go back in and edit. Yes, go back in the edit. And so over here. Yes, so now you would just scroll down and Cleveland 30. And again you can change it for sure but whatever you change it to stick to it like from this point on you know, don't don't go one county or one city or different one tomorrow, you know next add stick to the same one. Same targeting so locations right here locations. So down locations right here locations, edit locations. And when you hit that drop down hit that drop down again. When you click that drop down there's these four. No the drop down people live in this location. So there's four different criteria. Yeah. So, so these are all four different types of people really right people living in or recently and people living in people recently and so people traveling. It's like almost hurts my head. Well, I mean if I was reading again a real estate book, I probably fall asleep myself. So, so yeah I mean, because you're not in this every day it seems like foreign language. Yeah, really simple like it's just basic sense, you know like, and it's the same thing so you're not going to be changing a lot of the stuff on every ad anyways, you're, I'm telling you to stick to the same location, and target your audiences. And that's it. You know, so here, same thing here. So we're going with people who live in. Yeah, people living in this location so that's that that from this point on, that's the only thing you need to do. That's it. So people living in this location you're targeting happen to be Cleveland so you type that in there. Put in 30 miles. No, type it to a whole word and you got to type it in and click the drop down. So keep typing until you see the drop down right there. Actually, that's Georgia. So, keep type right there so there's Cleveland and then you put the number 30 hit 15 miles hit that drop down. Hit type in 30 type in the actual number 30 and then click on enter. And that's it. That's how you create. That's how you run your first. That's why I truly believe every single rotor for sure, but every local business owner. So first, the first ad that you run to your local area make it brand awareness. And in this case we introduce ourselves. And again, I could have been the local plumber the local dentist the local dry cleaner, pulling out my phone introducing myself. Hey friendly neighbors, we're the local business here in X city, blah, blah, blah, right that video could have been done on any business. That's the first that I recommend, because what we did is we got the data right now we, we got the 11,000 view count. We created it into a custom audience, which was the intro video 25%. And then we took it a step further, and we created a special ad audience which is a lookalike audience. So it's special ad for real estate and then it's just a lookalike audience for everybody else. But that's when you now get access to more data.  But again, all we did we took a step further. And we created the lookalike audience. So that's when you now are able to target hundreds of thousands of more people. And now now that's when we're going for leads. If you're selling stuff online that's when you could be going for cells. Right is is is now now you're in position. So, now, any any questions on that part right there. I know that was a ton and I know that's a whole nother Japanese language for you. I'm getting more we do it I'm getting a little bit more but I'm, it's still like a foreign language. Yeah, don't worry, we'll get it but that's how you create a special ad audience around real estate and a lookalike audience for any other business. That's how that's how you scale Facebook ads by what we just did creating these audiences.