So, what I'm presenting today is a small piece of a large project that has several moving parts. I'm working with two colleagues, at one at the Naval Postgraduate School, one at Santa Clara University, and we've been working on a multi-country, largely qualitative so far project that is moving into a qualitative and quantitative phase at this point. And we've been basically trying to tackle this question about how we achieve peace in post-conflict countries, looking at this idea that we often have a state-building project and a peace-building project, which are often pursued at the same time and often through a lot of similar overlapping instruments. And yet we think that state-building and peace-building are very different and different processes which lead to very different outcomes. So state-building is supposed to help to build something that we're calling state coherence, and peace-building is supposed to build something that we're labeling as depth of peace. And each of those has a subset of dimensions that I'll go through in a moment. We want to look at the causal effects of international assistance specifically. So we are not saying that international assistance is the only thing that affects peace-building and state-building, nor are we saying that is necessarily the most important thing. But because it is a very prominent dynamic of many state-building, peace-building contexts, we want to specifically pick apart this concept of something that we're calling aid dynamics. And by aid dynamics, we mean the overall interactive dynamic of international assistance taking into account both the development partner community and the host nation's responses. And so aid dynamics is the newest awkward term we've come up with for this concept. We used to say external engagement, and then nobody knew what that meant either. So aid dynamics is kind of just this composite phrase that we're using for this. And we're looking at this through public service delivery. So we're trying not to just say state capacity of peace writ large, but state capacity in specific sectors of three countries that we're looking at. And we look at public service delivery because of this concept that David mentioned earlier about this social contract between the state and society. The public service delivery is kind of one of those places in which when you think about what states do, yes, they provide authority, yes, they provide kind of rule of law. But in a lot of contexts, we also expect them to do things like providing a basic minimum of education, healthcare, infrastructure. And so how are states doing that? That's a very concrete area in which we can study the impacts of external engagement and aid on things like specific capacity building, specific state developments, but also because as a part of keeping the peace, part of providing public goods, that's also a way to get into a quality and sustainable, peaceful outcome. Public service delivery also is an arena in which you're likely to get a lot of low-scale distributional tensions. So by examining specific arenas of state engagement, we can also look at low-level distributional conflicts over who gets education, who gets healthcare, where is infrastructure developed, what language is education, that sort of thing delivered in. And then if there are tensions, how are they resolved? So we think the public service delivery as a way out of this two-broadstroke macro look at capacity, two-broadstroke macro look at just aid, allows us to more fine-grain analyze. So ultimately, we've come up with a kind of schematic where we say we have this concept of aid dynamics and we break it down into three sub-dimensions, level, purpose administration, and that we want to suggest that we and other scholars start to separate out the state building and the peace building dynamics of this in a post-conflict scenario to look at creating state coherence and depth of peace. And so each of these has three dimensions. So aid dynamics, when we look at level, that's kind of the amount of aid at base, it's the amount of aid, it's a couple other dynamics. Purpose gets into what is the purpose of the assistance? Is it for policy development? Is it for institutional development? Is it for human capacity building? Not all aid is the same, right? Just as not all development partners give the same amounts of aid, they give it for very different purposes. And technical assistance versus direct service provision is going to have a very different impact on the development of an outcome. And today I'm looking at the state coherence outcome. And then the administration of aid is how is aid administered both within the development partner? And forgive me if I say donor, because as someone who went to school in the 1990s, I learned donor instead of development, and I'm trying to shift my thinking. But also the systems of administration within recipient countries. So that give and take dynamic between the outsiders and the insiders. And what are the systems of aid administration? Are they used or bypassed? And all of that. Within state coherence, it was actually really great to hear David Karmant talk about capacity, authority legitimacy and capacity, because we've developed a parallel set of authority effectiveness and legitimacy. And they pretty much cohere with what he was talking about, except for when he says a capacity we say effectiveness. So the authority is basically a rule of law type of dynamic. Does the state have the ability to create decisions and enforce them? But effectiveness is in the arenas in which it chooses to be active. Is it able to be active effectively? Does it have capacity? And then legitimacy is more of a social dynamic. How does the average citizen view the institutions of the state? So something like if there's a problem, if there's a conflict at the local level, do individuals go to state authorities, to tribal authorities, to local elders? What mix of that? Are they always trying to bypass the state? Legitimacy is one of those fundamental dynamics of state, stateness is one thing we used to call this. Stateness that is hard to quantify, but is really important. So I tend to teach military students working at something called the Naval Postgraduate School. And they're there to learn about politics in other countries. And I often say to them, in the middle of the night, you come across a red light. What do you do? What do you guys do? I know this is audience participation. You're not used to this. How many of you stop? Depends exactly. Says the man from Brazil. Sir, sorry. But this gets into if I'm in South Africa, which is the country I know most about. It really depends where I am if I'm going to stop at that red light. I might slow down. But in the United States, I am always going to stop. And that's a reflection of both authority and legitimacy. Authority, because I'm afraid of getting a ticket. But legitimacy, because I kind of recognize that that red light means something. So we're trying to capture these different dynamics by which you internalize. I'm not going to go into depth of peace because we're not really focusing on it today due to time issues. And my little timer seems to have stopped. Where am I? Never trust your smartwatches. Okay. So but we're trying to basically disarticulate depth of peace also into your negative piece of absence of violence to some more dimensions of positive peace, post-conflict resilience, the ability to kind of short-term recovery after war, and a longer-term conflict recovery, which is that more longer-term economic development dynamic. So we're looking at three countries, Cambodia, Siles, and Ganda. I'll give some sort of anecdotal evidence from all of them. We're looking at three sectors, education, health, and public works. And we're basically, we've conducted a lot of interviews in all three countries looking at external actors. We've talked with international organizations, bilateral donors, international NGOs. We've also spoken with corresponding public officials. Mostly so far, we've done field work in capital cities. We've taken trips out to outlying areas to try to identify areas for future research. We're not 100% sure if we're going to be able to conduct the future field research due to human subjects considerations of who you are you allowed to talk to, which is unfortunate. So we are turning to a large-end data collection process in each of these sectors to kind of cull, which is why it's great to be here and see all the different data that people are collecting because we will probably be using your data in the future. A lot of content analysis of donor reports about how their things have been going. So we want to really drill down on aid dynamics and the causal implications for state coherence. We know a lot about aid effectiveness. We know a lot of piecemeal things about aid effectiveness. Aid in institution building, aid in fragile contexts. We have a whole set of aid can do these positive and these negative things. So what we tried to do was distill down from looking at the literature on this to and then also so deductively from literature and inductively from our research in these three countries. We've also added a shadow case of Rwanda, but we're not doing field work there. What we think of we've kind of identified these 11 different dynamics in terms of these are what we've identified as specific, 11 specific ways in which aid will affect state coherence and they can aggregate in various ways. So we basically have them listed as positive to negative, but in actual reality it is not linear and you may get things like you may get, I'll go through what these mean, systems enhancement, but also parallel systems, but also the creation of a rentier state because of high levels of aid. And so while each of these we think has individually positive to ambiguous to negative dynamics cumulatively and that's the phase we're moving into, the pathways aren't that simple. So after looking at kind of all of this different literature, we've come up with sort of four positive dynamics. And sometimes that was a stretch to come up with the four positive ones because innately as analysts who tend to be critical, we went to the negative ones first. And so we see that when properly organized, when sort of aid is given at the appropriate level to a specific country, when it's using the local systems or working with the local systems or helping to build the local systems and not bypassing them, when it coordinates well, you wind up with enhancement of local systems, positive resource mobilization on behalf of what a government has identified as its own goals. You can get to long-term human capacity building through carefully designed technical assistance, not technical assistance that replaces locals, but that kind of works with and or trains. And then this idea of skills transfer also goes together. On a more neutral level, you tend to see gap filling and parallel systems, which are when you get the international community saying, you know what, there's a problem with tertiary education, we're going to provide more education for girls or we're going to provide more education for underserved populations of various forms. We call it gap filling when they work with the existing development plans that maybe they helped to create, but they work, they see the gaps in what the government wants to do, what it can do, and they fill in. The parallel systems are something you find much more often with health, which is when you get the big donors coming in and saying, we want to work on AIDS. And the governments may say, we actually care a lot about malaria and tuberculosis. And the international government say, no, no, no, HIV AIDS. And they wind up setting entire parallel structures of delivering a service that may not work with, may bypass, may overwhelm indigenous structures. And sometimes, and this is when it leads then from, this is why it's ambiguous, it can just sit side by side or it can actively impair, and then you're moving into a negative trajectory. The negative dynamics are what we call substitution impairment competition. And then the last two, we're not quite sure, we know that they exist, but we're not quite sure where they fit in all this. Rante dynamics and regime maintenance, I'll go through those. So substitution is basically if the international community is coming in and doing four, it allows the government to substitute out of a sector, as often happens with education and health, where governments are choosing to invest in mining infrastructure, logging infrastructure, energy infrastructure, where they can gain greater rents. And they substitute out of health, education, and similar social sectors because they know that international partners are more likely to stay engaged in those regions. Impairment is one of these things that manifests very overtly and subtly from things like pulling the most capable out of the government into higher paying private sector in NGO or public sector in the World Bank or the IMF or DFID, USAID, the kind of pulling people out, you can impair the government. You could also impair the government. It's any time that any dynamic of aid interrupts service delivery or interrupts the building of government capacity. It can do this through aid that's not delivered on time and in the promised amounts. So for one example from Uganda, when aid was suspended in 2012, for two different reasons, but basically they had a lot of budget support and aid was suspended, that caused the government to stop functioning in entire sectors for months at a time until the aid was restarted. So delays and disbursements, underfunding can impair, especially if a country is very aid dependent. The competitive systems is basically what happens when gap filling and parallel starts to compete with the government. So the most common example across Laos, Cambodia and Uganda that we found was the creation of private health and private education that people opted into instead of using state services. So when you see the old trite comments that basically the provision of aid prevents governments from moving into a sector and or allows an opting out or does a four, we think you can have it in gap filling, parallel and then competitive dynamics, which are from moderate to tend to be negative. Rante and regime maintenance are basically when aid allows states to opt out of the social contract and instead put their own resources into creating rents for public officials, buying patronage, sorry, paying for the patronage system in various contexts. And regime maintenance is when they take money that they otherwise would have had to put into social sectors or highly aided sectors and instead put those into their militaries, which most international partners are not willing to fund. And so those are kind of second to third order dynamics that come from the other ones. So I kind of just talked through that chart instead of going through this. These are a couple slides that kind of break them out in more detail. So this may not sound groundbreaking. And the next phase we're looking into how does level and purpose and administration feed into when you get systems enhancement, resource mobilization, capacity building and skills transfer and all the others. And then we're tracing those through to concrete changes in legitimacy, capacity and authority over time. We see across our cases of Laos, Cambodia and Uganda, Laos tends to be the one that directs aid most, that forces external partners into its own development plans. Uganda and Cambodia tend to be less forceful as they engage with the development partner community. And so you see more of some of these positive dynamics in Laos and fewer of them in Cambodia and Uganda. But within specific sectors, it's not even. So in Uganda, they've graduated to be able to write their own educational policy as opposed to having external technical support writing it for them. But the health plan in Uganda is still written by outside agents. Literally while conducting this research, I saw a request for proposals from the World Bank to write the Ugandan health policy for the next five years. So it's uneven how this works across different sectors. I kind of went through these already. I always do this. Apologies. We think a lot of this is going to be contingent and interactive. And we also think it's important to be able to identify this set of 11 concrete dynamics that we can aggregate and disaggregate in different ways. Because it's not does aid help or does aid hinder, but how does aid help? And how does aid hinder? In what ways and in what context? And specifically within which different sectors? So we want to think about the staging of it and how things that start out positively may wind up being more positive or may wind up being somewhat negative. Our next phase is to move into the peace building. So we want to present to you as a thought something to think about. A state building, a peace building, whether they are complementary as an empirical question that we need to conduct more research on. And this is my last bit. State building can help to build more inclusive societies and legitimate political settlements centered on state apparatus and the state society interface. And this is what Graciana is talking about on the political side. What you do to attain the peace may actually not help the state build in the long run. And what you help to build the peace in the short term may actually endanger the peace in the longer term in terms of who you're bringing into the government. And we see a lot of examples with this when you have to bring spoilers into the peace settlements. We also want to look at do these 11 dynamics we see with aid and state coherence apply to aid in depth of peace? And how do they operate there? Do you see gap filling? Do you see parallel systems? Do you see substitution? Do you see positive dynamics of where the international community is able to support local initiatives for peace building or is the international community supplanting them? Ultimately, achieving greater state coherence may require a different form of a political settlement from deepening the peace. Do we need to see transitions from the post-conflict phase into this longer term politically? So that's kind of our preliminary thinking. Thank you. Hope you all have good questions for us. Thank you.


Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance Mr. President Excellencies It has been one year since the Russian Federation launched its illegal war against Ukraine One year of aggression of war crimes of crimes against humanity One year of brutality against the basic principles of the UN Charter Against the promise of democratic rights and freedoms Against the international rules-based order and respect for the sovereign equality of all member states One year of death Displacement and devastation Occurring each day Intermediatory is invaded by Russia and reviewed in areas recovered by Ukraine international idea reiterates its condemnation of Russia's illegitimate and immoral war against Ukraine and urges the immediate and unequivocal withdrawal of all Russian military forces from Ukrainian territory Until this occurs We welcome the adoption Enforcement and continuous collation of sanctions by an international community against the Russian Federation Ultimately The responsibility of the Russian Federation must be addressed in accordance with general assembly resolution 60-147 and Universal Declaration of Human Rights These accountability is a matter of international law and rule of law must and shall prevail We encourage the UN Secretary General to continue working to advance ceasefire talks and to support increased humanitarian access to the war-affected areas and protection of civilians The resolution being debated today calls for a comprehensive Just and lasting peace in Ukraine Such an objective is inextricably connected to the democratic ambitions of the Ukrainian people as International idea has noted previously This conflict is about democracy as much as it is about sovereignty over many years and despite many obstacles Ukrainians have repeatedly affirmed their commitment to democratic values The result has been steady improvements across a variety of democratic indicators Including respect for media freedoms the fight against corruption and Conduct of free and fair elections as measured by international ideas indices and reports today This hard-won progress hangs in the balance But let us be clear Ukrainians have chosen democracy There's a comprehensive Just and lasting peace in Ukraine Must be a democratic peace determined by and for Ukrainians Support from international community should reflect this democratic imperative Among the needs of a post-war Ukraine Democracy support and the defense of human rights will be crucial Excellencies The outcome of this institutional process will reverberate far beyond Ukraine It is a task of the defense and rebuilding of Inclusive and sustainable democracy as a guarantor of rights for both people and nations In this effort, we should not lose sight of the need to enable a path for Democracy to return to Russia as well as part of securing a lasting and regional and global peace We must say clearly a democratic Russia would have not unleashed this tragedy a Advancing democracy is the single best way to build and guarantee global peace Ukrainians are putting their lives on the line every day to defend the values that we claim to hold the values of the UN Charter of sovereignty human rights and Multilateralism Helping them to preserve a future for Ukrainian democracy Will be our greatest tribute to them. I thank you. I thank the distinguished representative of the International Institute for democracy and electoral assistance


If you like lemon desserts, then you got to stick around for today's recipe because we're making lemon pudding cake now If you've never had this before What it is is a nice cake with a very with two layers the top layer is cake-like but very light and the bottom layer is like a Pudding hence the name. This is creamy and very Citrus-y and if you love lemon man, this is it. It's great to take to parties You know if you have a potluck and you need to bring a dish. This is the one you might want to try It's simple and easy. All right. I'm going to show you how to make this right after my chef joke Why did the lemon stop rolling down the hill? Because it ran out of juice We're going to start off here by prepping up our pan I have an eight by eight dish here baking dish that is just being smothered with some butter I have some softened butter Just rub it around with your fingers until you coat all the sides and the bottom of the pan and we'll just set that aside So let's start off here by separating three eggs All right, I'm going to put the whites in this little glass bowl here in the yolks in the other bowl This is the easiest way. I have found to separate eggs from egg yolks. Okay, so Just crack that egg and pour it into your hand There's no sharp edges and you just toss it back and forth in Usually it comes out intact now my one egg yolk did break but you want to keep it all in the yolk bowl So just keep tossing that egg back and forth as the egg white just drips right through your fingers We'll set these two bowls aside and then start working on some maple syrup We're going to be adding this to a very large bowl and this is what we're using to sweeten our cake To that we're going to add some melted butter So at this point, I like to take them hand mixer and just combine everything really well And now we'll drop in those egg yolks and mix those in as well Continue to mix this for about one minute on medium speed This recipe calls for a little bit of flour So I'm using Bob's red mill one-to-one baking flour which is gluten-free But you can use regular flour if you like want to place the flour into a strainer so that you can shake it in And not have any lumps So just shake some in and then mix it with your hand mixer and then add a little bit more and then just Continue until it's all mixed in Now remember you can find the written recipe below the video in the description area So just click down there until you find it and scroll down Now I'm going to zest two whole lemons into this batter So you want to do it just one swipe and rotate your lemon You don't want to get down to the white part because it's bitter So just stick with one swipe and that will get you all those nice lemon oils And since we're going to be juicing our lemons you're going to want to zest first and juice second I like to use a handheld citrus juicer like I have here to squeeze those lemons Just like you would the like button if you're enjoying this video So we're adding five tablespoons of lemon juice here, which is just enough to pucker your lips All right now we're going to mix that in And now I'm going to add a little bit of almond extract This really adds a nice flavor to the cake Along with a cup of whole fat milk now you can use any milk alternative that you like but uh I think you need to use some with some fat in it All right, we're going to add a pinch of salt and then we're going to mix this up one more time And don't forget to preheat your oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit It's time to whip those egg whites into some nice stiff peaks But before I do I'm going to add some cream of tartar This is going to help to stabilize the egg whites So I'm going to start blending the egg whites first and then I'm going to sprinkle in the cream of tartar It will probably take three or four minutes to get some nice stiff peaks like you see here Now you want to add about a third of the egg whites to the mix and mix it with the beater Mix this until it's pretty well mixed in and you don't notice the egg whites Okay, so mixing this with the beaters is going to lighten up the batter And then we're going to add the rest of the egg whites and we're going to fold them in with a spatula Just be patient here and keep on folding Start from the center and just kind of move it around until it looks something like this Well blended We're going to pour our luscious batter into our prepared baking dish The cool part about this cake is when it bakes it will bake into two layers I'm going to place this into the center of my oven and bake it for 35 minutes It must be time for chef joke number two. Here we go. Why do lemons wear suntan lotion? Because they peel Here's our lemon pudding cake after 35 minutes in the oven I bought some toasted almonds from Trader Joe's and I think it's an excellent addition to this It gives it a nice little texture. The crunch is really nice I think this cake is great right out of the oven nice and warm, but some people also like it cold So either way works What's really amazing is when it cooks it actually separates on its own into two layers So we got that very light top layer and then the bottom is like pudding If you love lemon, this is a definite must try And if you're a lemon fanatic, you're going to want to try my lemon tiramisu This thing is incredibly delicious as well. Click the link on the screen. It'll take you right to the recipe Did you enjoy today's video? How about the jokes? Well, if you did enjoy it, let me know by Smashing the old like button. All right Leave me a comment because I always love to hear from you and we'll see you back here next week for another delicious and healthy recipe


I begin in the name of the Almighty God, the Compassionate, the Merciful. The One who has created everything in utmost perfection. And may the peace and blessings of the Almighty God be upon His pure and beloved Messenger. May the peak of His creation, the symbol of humanity, the Holy Prophet Muhammad, sallallahu alayhi wa ala, Allahumma salli ala Muhammad. And may God's peace and blessings be upon the pure family of the Prophet, the Ahl al-Bayt peace be upon them, especially the leader of our time, the awaited saviour, al-Imam al-Mahdi, adjara allahu ta'ala, farajah. May Allah hasten His reappearance and make us all amongst His sincere and dedicated servants. Allah subhanahu ta'ala states from the Holy Quran, Bismillahir rahmanir raheem. Sadaq Allahul Ali al-Azim illuminate your hearts and minds with a very loud salawat. One of the challenges that many of our youth are facing nowadays is the rise of atheism that we are witnessing around the world. Now atheists would like to portray this rise as a huge rise around the world, as this global phenomenon where they come forward and they tell you that, see, most people, most intellectuals, most educated people are heading towards atheism, which proves that all these religions are wrong. We cannot say that there is a global phenomenon, but to an extent, yes. There is a gradual rise in atheism, and many of our youth these days are impacted by this rise of atheism. What is the source of this rise in atheism? If you know someone who is struggling with his religion, with the existence of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala, how is it that we can help our youngsters, the youth or anyone in society who is suffering from this phenomenon? How can we help them and explain to them that the religion of God is the correct religion, that you have a Creator who created you? Do not fall into the traps of these atheists because many of their arguments are based on fallacies, are based on ignorance, are based on arrogance. In tonight's discussion, the point is not to simply prove the existence of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala using scientific evidence, because in past discussions, we have dedicated many points, many arguments, in establishing the existence of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. In our discussion tonight and tomorrow night, we will examine ten common factors that lead to atheism. What are the most common reasons why people resort to atheism or agnosticism? You see people are moving away from organized religion. Some people these days are coming forth and doubting the existence of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. What are some common reasons or factors that lead many of these people to atheism? Tonight we will discuss and examine five of those factors and by the will of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala tomorrow night we will examine another five. Let's begin by the first factor and I believe it is probably the most common factor why people resort to atheism and reject the existence of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. Modern science has taught us a lot about the natural world around us. Today we know much more about how the world works than in the past. So many scientific breakthroughs, our technology has enabled us to discover fine aspects of this universe which were hidden from us centuries ago, millennia ago. However, despite all of this technological advancements, you see that atheists fail to understand something very important with all this science and all this knowledge out there. They have realized, they have failed to realize a very basic fundamental point. And this point is that why is it that the Almighty God has created us? Why are we here? What's the purpose behind this life? Most atheists do not know the answer to this question. They are aimless, they are clueless, they have no clue why they are here in this world. They think some accident happened billions of years ago, some big bang happened coincidentally due to an accident and that's it. Life on earth also somehow accidentally happened and they're the result of some accident. They have no clue why they are here in the first place. Last year after the month of Ramadan, after having the honor of serving this community, I was on my way back home from Halifax and I was connecting through Toronto. When I was on the plane from Halifax going to Toronto, a Canadian woman saw me on the plane and she saw my religious attire. So that sparked an interesting conversation about the religion of Islam. She asked me, what does this represent? To which religion do you belong? And we had a very interesting conversation. Now she told me that my parents are Christians, they're devout Christians, they go to church, they believe in God. But I stopped believing in God. I have doubts about the existence of God. I no longer believe in God. When she told me that I asked her, do you mind sharing with me why you stopped believing in God? What happened? Did a certain incident happen in her life? What drove you to reject the existence of God? She said, sure, I'll share with you. I'll tell you why I reject God. When I see all the evil that is happening around the world, all the violence, all the bloodshed, especially in the Middle East and elsewhere, when I see babies, infants born with birth defects, a pure innocent child is born with a mental condition, with dementia, with a mental illness, with a chronic disorder. All of this causes me to doubt the existence of God. Because I tell myself, if there is a God who's watching over all of this and he can stop it, but he's not stopping it, that's not God. Isn't God supposed to be merciful? Isn't he supposed to be more merciful than our own parents? So where is he when he's seeing all this bloodshed?  I don't see God in the equation. Immediately I realized why she had rejected God. And this, I believe, is the most powerful factor that drives many people to reject the existence of God because they have failed to understand the philosophy behind our life, the philosophy behind our creation. They have no clue why you were here in the first place. If you know why you're here in the first place, then you will not make such an objection. So after she explained to me her position, I told her, okay, would you like to hear my perspective? Because I have some things to say. Would you like to hear what my religion says, what my Qur'an says, what my Prophet says about this dilemma which you're experiencing? She's like, absolutely, let me hear your perspective. So I gave her an example. I told her, let me begin by giving you an example. Have you ever taken a multiple-choice test, a multiple-choice exam where there's a question and there are several answers to choose from? She's like, oh yes, absolutely. When I went to college, I took those tests. I told her how many answers are correct and how many answers are wrong in that multiple-choice exam. She's like, well, usually there's just one right answer and the others are wrong answers. I told her wrong answers are a type of evil, right? Because anything that's not the truth is evil, it's wrong, it's incorrect. She's like, yeah, you can say that. I told her, who put these evil answers in the test? These wrong answers, who put them in this test? It's like, it's obvious the professor put them in the test. I told her, oh my God, these evil professors every day and thousands of colleges and universities, they're putting evil. They're feeding you evil and they can stop it.  Immediately when I gave her this example, she was smart. She was intelligent. She immediately saw where I was going with this. She's like, you know what? This is the first time I hear it this way. I told her the world is like this multiple choice exam. There's one correct answer and that's what? Asrat al-Mustaqeen, one path, the straight path. And there are millions of other wrong answers. It's a lifelong test. The world that we live in represents a multiple choice test. Just like the one which you took in college or university.  Imagine a person living in the West having access to information to the internet. She's gone to college and if I remember correctly, she said she had a PhD and she travels all around the world. She was coming back from the UK connecting here in Halifax and going to Toronto. Yet, she did not understand this basic reason why Allah Subhanahu wa ta'ala has created us. I told her that in this life when you see all these difficulties, don't say God doesn't exist. Ask why? Why would the Almighty God subject us to such difficulties? Why does he not stop the evil when he can stop the evil? That's a correct question. But for you to come and say, you know what? I doubt the existence of God just because there's evil in the world. That's not right. I gave her another example. I told her when my oldest daughter, she was six months old, I had to take her to get her vaccinated.  I myself had to make the effort to make schedule an appointment, take her to get vaccinated. And believe me, it was a very emotional scene. Those nurses, they grabbed her legs and they took that shot and they inserted in her legs and she was screaming. I couldn't take that scene. I told this Canadian lady on the plane, I told her, am I a cruel parent for doing that? She was like, no, you did the right thing.  In fact, if you don't care about your child, you don't take her to the doctor, you don't have her vaccinated, then you're cruel. I'm like, but my child suffered. She suffered. She was in pain and funny me screaming. So how am I merciful? She's like, no, you're still merciful because you did the right thing. You wanted to protect her. You did what's in her interest. I told her exactly. All of this evil that we see in the world is in our interest because we are being tested. Life is all a test. Who created death and life for what reason? Why did God create life and death? To test you, who has the best actions? There are many reasons why the Almighty God tested us in this life. Sometimes it could be that Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is elevating your status. God wants you to have the best hereafter. So God might afflict you with a problem, with a tragedy.  On the day of judgment, when a believer sees and witnesses how much reward he received for sleeping one night with fever. And you know fever is not the end of the world. There are many illnesses worse than fever. We can all handle fever. You slept one night in this life and you had fever. It's painful, right?  So Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is elevating our status. That's number one. Number two, sometimes Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is giving us the opportunity to pay off for our sins. We're all sinners in this life. And Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is just. He holds us accountable to our sins. Sometimes I may suffer from a tragedy. Sometimes Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala will present me a challenge, a problem so that I would pay off for that sin which I committed a while ago. And which one would you rather choose brothers and sisters?  Which one would you rather choose? Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is to His mercy that sometimes He gives us problems in life. It's so that we can compensate for those sins. We can expiate those sins. That's another reason. Another reason why Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala allows for difficulties, for pain, for suffering to exist is so we can appreciate His blessings. When do you appreciate the rain? Not here in Halifax because you have rain year-round, right? Ask someone from the Middle East and they'll take every drop. Or ask someone in India who's, you know, desperately waiting and anxiously waiting for the monsoon because you have hundreds of millions of people whose life depends on those rains. Ask them and they'll appreciate the rain. Whenever Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala denies you the rain, then you appreciate it. Whenever Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala denies you your health for one night, then you appreciate the value of your health. We human beings take everything for granted. The minute we're denied and deprived, then we realize what a blessing Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala has given us. Sometimes Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala will throw a problem in your way. Why? So that you can appreciate the blessings you have so you can use them wisely. Use them appropriately because most of the blessings Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala has given us, we abuse them. We abuse the intellect God has given us. We abuse the wealth, the health, everything that God has given us. Look at humanity. Oftentimes we abuse the bounties of the Almighty God. Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala through these problems and difficulties and evil, He's preparing us. He's solidifying our faith. He's preparing us for the hereafter. All this is from the Rahmah of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. She was mind boggled when she heard this perspective. She's like, I've never heard this. This is interesting. And it really does make sense. Now I understand why God would create us and allow for evil to exist in our lives. It makes a lot of sense. And then I told her something else because I know many of these atheists, they're afraid to believe in God. You know why? Because the minute they believe in God, they are told, okay, now you have to go and follow the Pope because the Pope is the one who represents God. Or now you have to go and follow ISIS because ISIS, what do they do? Every time they conduct a terrorist act, they mention God's name. And this scares many atheists. You know what? I don't want to have anything to do with this God whom the Pope follows or ISIS follows or whoever follows. So I told her, I understand you have this concern but let me tell you, the Pope does not claim God. He does not own God. Neither does ISIS, neither does anyone else in this world. Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is closer to you than your own jugular vein. And let me give you an example. If you want to discover and find out where God is because you think God is distant. He's far away.  Let me give you an example. We were on the plane, so going from Halifax to Toronto. I told her, imagine God forbid, right now we run into turbulent weather and let's say God forbid something happens with the plane and the plane is diving down. We only have a few seconds. Do you feel deep down in your heart that you have hope in this powerful supernatural power and this force which can help you? Do you feel that or no? She thought for a moment, she's like, yes, I can feel that.  I have hope in a divine being. Who can save me? I told her that's Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. You don't need to go far. Trust me, you don't need to go to any pope or any person to know who God is. God is right there in your fitrah and your nature and your heart. Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala has created the fitrah for you so you can always find Him. She was puzzled at this example. She's like, where did you get this from? I told her from the Holy Quran. Back then there weren't planes so the Quran did not use the example of the plane. The Holy Quran used the example of what? A ship. The Quran gives us the example of a ship where people who don't believe in God or they ascribe partners to God, they're on a ship. As the ship is about to drown, they turn to God. They find Allah. But then what happens? When Allah gives them survival and He saves them to the land, what do they do? They go back to their old ways. I told her the Quran mentions this example. The moment where you're now certain you're going to die, you have this hope in a Creator and that's Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. And finally at the end of the conversation, I mentioned her an argument which I mentioned to her an argument which Imam al-Sadiq, alaihi salam, used with one of the leading atheists of his time. The Imam alaihi salam presented to him all the arguments but he was stubborn, he rejected. The Imam told him one thing. He told him, look, imagine that you're right and there is no God, which is not true but let's just say for the sake of argument that there is no God.  At the end when we die and let's say there is no God, what happens to us? That's it. We die, we're annihilated, we no longer have any existence, we become dust, we become part of the ground. Is there any difference between you and I? Is there any difference? At the end we're the same. Even if I spent my entire life worshiping God, I become dust and now you're dust. So you have no leverage over me. You have nothing that distinguishes you from me, right? She's like, yeah, that's correct. The Imam alaihi salam then tells that atheist that I was using the same argument with this atheist on the plane. Then the Imam told the atheist, however, if there is a God, imagine there is a God. It's impossible for there to be God. So one percent chance there is a God, okay? It's like, yeah, of course there's a possibility that there is a God. She admitted that there is a possibility that there is a God. I told her if there is a God and I spent my life worshiping God, satisfying God, obeying God, what happens to me? It's like, well, you're supposed to go to paradise, supposedly. I told her, and what happens to the one who did not? Brothers and sisters, Allah is the witness. When she realized the depth of this argument, which Imam al-Sadiq alaihi salam used with that atheist, subhanallah, the Imam used an argument, you can use it 14 centuries later on a plane from Halifax to Toronto. This is the miracle of our Imams. The minute I shared with her this argument, she started shaking. It profoundly impacted her. And the tears came down from her eyes. She's like, well, if that's the case, then I'm in deep trouble. Another word. I'm in deep trouble.  So I told her then, what does your intellect tell you? Right now, what does your intellect tell you? She firmly said this. We have an atheist woman here. She said, I can firmly say that my intellect tells me believe in God. It's the safest way. It's the safest path. Subhanallah, these are the beautiful teachings of Ahlul Bayt. So this is the first factor, brothers and sisters. The most important factor that drives some of our youth to reject the existence of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala or at least to doubt the existence of God because some people, they don't come out and openly say I reject God. But sometimes they confide in you. Some people come to me, say you die, really have doubts, help me. If you ever see one of our youngsters, a youth or any person in society, it could be an elderly person who is struggling with the existence of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala realize that this person has not understood why he's been created. He has failed to understand the philosophy behind this life. Once that becomes clear like this Canadian woman who realized that there's a purpose behind this creation that everything else will be fine. This is the first factor. The second factor, brothers and sisters, that drives many people to atheism is arrogance. You see one of the byproducts of our science and technology is arrogance. Because with all this knowledge that we have, with all this technology that we have, with all the sciences that we have, we feel invincible. We feel powerful. We feel like we can control the universe.  I want to be in control. I decide what happens. I decide how the world is managed.  And hence they reject the existence of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala. They don't want to submit to the Almighty God. Who's God? Who is this Lord that I have to submit myself to? I'm a strong human being. I have all the science and technology. I don't need to worship God.  They had no clue how the universe was working and running. They needed God to explain a lot of the things which now we can explain through science. I don't need God to explain the world around me. Science is enough. And we see this evil arrogance which destroys the human being and causes the human being to reject Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala. You don't want to submit to God? Look how weak you are. Every single minute, thousands of physical laws are governing you. Can you defy gravity? You can't defy gravity. Now you think you can defy Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala. Look at the laws around you. Can you stay awake for 24 hours very early? And then you fall down. You have to sleep. Can you control your bowels for a full day? You cannot. Look how weak the human being is.  And I have to worship him. I don't need God. This is the peak of arrogance. Subhanallah. Imam Ameer al-Mu'mineen, Salamullahi alaihi. Ennahj al-Balaghah. He has a beautiful hadith. He says, The children of Adam, the people? I feel bad for them. Mas'akeem. Mas'akeem al-Ibn Adam. Maktum al-ajal. Number one, He does not know when he will die. Death can strike him any moment. Is this strength or weakness? When you don't even know when you're going to die. Aren't we so vulnerable? Can a human being here in this world come out and say, I know exactly when I will die? I have 20 years, 30 years, 40 years? No. You can't protect yourself from death. When death comes it will strike you. That's number one. Maknoon al-Ailal. He does not even know what happens in his own body. Even though we have all the technology and the science today. There are thousands and thousands of diseases, illnesses, viruses, cancerous cells that we don't know how they work. We don't know how to treat them. We don't know what causes them. Maknoon al-Ailal. And then the Imam al-Ailal says, Tu'zeehil baqqah. A small mosquito can harass you. Yes. You think you're so strong and tough? A small mosquito can harass you, can make you not sleep well at night. You think you're so strong? Tu'zeehil baqqah. Wa taqtulu sharqah.  A few drops of water they go into your lungs and they cause you to suffocate. You're strong?  Wa taqtulu sharqah. You know you perspire and sweat and that causes a bad odor to originate from you. Look at how low you are.  Instead of allowing all this science, all this technology, all this knowledge to humble you when you see the complexity of the universe. You should say subhanallah. Glorious is Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala the one who created this. But unfortunately we see many people today. Instead of having this knowledge humbling them, it's making them more and more arrogant. You can't control anything.  An earthquake can kill thousands and thousands of people. You can't even protect yourself from death. This is all in this worldly life. What about the Akhara?  What's all this arrogance about? So if you see someone who's struggling with this idea, try to figure out if it's arrogance. See if this person is acting arrogantly and that's why they're doubting the existence of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. This is the second factor, the third factor. And this is related with the science and the knowledge that we have today. The third factor is the theory of evolution, what is it sisters? We briefly mentioned the theory of evolution last night in our discussion. One of the most important factors today that is driving people to reject the existence of God is the theory of evolution. Atheists are using it as their holy scripture. If an atheist tells you, I don't believe in any holy books, no Habibi, you have a lot of holy books out there. One of them is the theory of evolution because you use this just like a Christian uses a Bible to proselytize other people, right? To propagate their faith or like a Muslim would use the holy Quran. They're using the theory of evolution to invite others to reject God and embrace atheism. They're actually trying to proselytize many people through the theory of evolution. They tell you that the theory of evolution gives me an alternative. I don't have to believe in God. There's another thing that created us and that's called the process of evolution. That's how we came into existence. And this is the peak of ignorance, brothers and sisters, because number one, a few points to share with our youth regarding the topic of evolution. Number one, evolution is simply a process. It's not a creator. It's simply a mechanism, a process that you have in which a being, a biological being, an organism, an organic being is able to advance and adapt. That's it. That's all what evolution is about. It's not a creator who can create. An atheist makes it appear so. That evolution is this creator who can create everything. It's only a process. Let me give you an example. Imagine we create the software which has artificial intelligence. And then after a while, this software begins to evolve. It becomes more and more intelligent. And scientists are actually working on this. You know, they're creating smart computers and they're trying to see if the computer can actually evolve and become smarter. More intelligent. Now imagine if you see a software or a computer which has artificial intelligence. And then after a while, it becomes more intelligent. Someone comes to say, oh, okay, I figured it out. This software has no creator. It created itself because it became more intelligent. It created its own self. Isn't this absurd? Wouldn't you laugh at that? What does the process of evolution have to do with this software not having a creator? We still have a creator. Allah ﷻ is our creator. And evolution is simply a process. Evolution cannot create itself. It needs a structure. Let me share an anecdote with you. They say there was a man in Mashhad who wanted to win the raffle or the lottery. Halal lottery. So he goes to Imam Al-Ridha, and he prays to Imam Al-Ridha. He prays of course to Allah ﷻ, but through Imam Al-Ridha. Oh Imam, please ask Allah ﷻ for me to win the lottery. It's an anecdote. So after he did his du'as, that night he slept and he saw the Imam in his dream. He told him, oh Imam, please help me with the lottery. The Imam told him in the dream, Habibi, go and buy the lottery ticket first, participate in it. And then I can help you with it. The problem with many of these atheists, they deal with evolution as if it's something which it created itself. And it supervises its own self. It's an intelligent being. It needs a structure. Just like a lottery needs a structure. You can't just win the lottery randomly without participating in it. Can someone say, you know what? I will use the laws of mathematics and probability to win the lottery, but I won't participate in the lottery. Let it just happen naturally. It's not going to happen. You need a structure. A lottery needs a structure. You need someone who designed the lottery, right? You need someone who made it. It's a system. It cannot create its own self. It's the same with evolution. So that's number one to keep in mind. Some of our youth are asking, you know what? If evolution is proven, then that's if it's proven. Because the way that atheists are talking about evolution, that's not scientific. It's all postulation, brothers and sisters. They have not been able to prove that a kind can change a kind of species. Yes, within certain species, we have what's called adaptation. A species becomes more advanced, develops features to adapt to the environment. But for one species to turn into another completely different species, evolution has not proven that yet. But assuming that this has been proven, just assuming for the sake of argument. Some of our youth are asking, why would God do that? Doesn't this doubt the existence of Allah, subhanahu wa ta'ala? If Allah is the all-powerful, and the Qur'an tells us if he wants something, what does he do? Kun fayakun. Be and it is. Why does Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala use a process of evolution? A few answers here. Number one, Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala teaches us through his actions. And this is from his Rahmah. Through his actions, Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is teaching us that everything has a process. Why did Allah create the universe in six stages or days? Why? Some of our scholars, exegetes of the Holy Qur'an, they say so the human being learns that everything should be in steps. Don't jump and try to achieve something, and try to arrive at conclusions. Many people, unfortunately, their life revolves around shortcuts. They want a shortcut to everything. Everything has a process. You have to gradually achieve it, even for those who want to become religious, because I know some youth, they decide to become religious, and suddenly, in an instant, within a night, they want to be Wali min awliya Allah, the best believer out there, and the next day they expect miracles to happen for them. It doesn't happen that way. It's a process. Take small, gradual steps, and then you'll see the miracle of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. It doesn't happen overnight. Allah's teaching us, maybe through evolution, everything has a process. Everything can take millions of years. Don't try to make huge steps and demanding instant results. No. You don't get instant results in this life. You have to work for the results. It's a process. It teaches us patience, and that's a lesson for us to learn from. Number two, Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala could have created the process of evolution to invite us to use our intellect and our mind in order to discover the natural world around us, because if everything was created instantly, instantaneously, you couldn't figure out how it was created, right? But when there's a process, when there's evolution, you could do reverse thinking. You can examine something and see how it came to this point. How was it created? And this is amazing. This invites you to look at the greatness of Allah's creation. فلا يتفكرون في خلق السماوات والأرضهالي قرآن invites us to think how the universe was created.  So Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is actually giving us an opportunity to use our brains to discover the natural world around us. And when there is a process and you figure out that process, then you can figure out the natural world around you. This is from the rahmah of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. Therefore, in no way does the theory of evolution cast any doubt on Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. In fact, when I examine evolution, or what has been proven about evolution, brothers and sisters, it only serves to remind us that there is a Creator. Evolution cannot occur without a Creator. And it points us to the knowledge of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala because it's a very complex system and the complexity of evolution reminds us of the amazing power of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. Next time you look at evolution, see that as a sign that points you towards Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. It should strengthen your faith and iman and Allah, not weaken it. So this is the third factor. The fourth factor that leads to atheism, brothers and sisters is this verse which Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala has mentioned in the Holy Quran. If after showing them all the signs, they don't respond to you, they don't accept, then realize that these people who are rejecting, they are following what? Their own desires. They're following their own whims. Is there someone who's more misguided than the one who follows his desires without any guidance from Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala? The problem of many atheists, and this is a fundamental point, they want to impose their opinion on God. They come out and say, well, if God was there, then why is the universe this? Why this? Why that? Why is the universe the way we see it? Why did this happen? In essence, they want to run the universe. They want to impose their opinion on God. And that's the peak of ignorance and arrogance, brothers and sisters. Who are you to dictate to God what he should do? You don't like something?  This is the peak of ignorance. We should learn from the Holy Quran. Why does the Holy Quran share with us the story of Prophet Adam, and Iblis, the devil?  It was the first act of arrogance. The lesson that we learned from this act of arrogance is that we worship God the way he wants, not the way we want. Atheists, they'd like to worship God according to their whims and desires. If it suits their desires, they'll accept it. If it doesn't, no, they won't accept it. And this is our challenge. Our greatest jihad and challenge, brothers and sisters, is to worship the Almighty Allah the way he wants, not the way we want. Unfortunately, most of us we pick and choose. Whatever suits us, we take us. When it comes to certain things, oh, we are the best mu'mineen. We are the best believers. We become awliya'Allah. Some people, when it comes to certain things, you'll find them there. You know, you don't see them throughout the entire year. And then, some nights throughout the year, they come and they want to read the dua. It's so much khushu'ah. They're the most believers in Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. Habibi, when it comes to donating, when it comes to supporting your community, when it comes to helping brothers and sisters in society, when it comes to being a good business partner, where you honor the rights of your partner, where's your deen, where's your religion? Suddenly vanished? Only alayla tulqad, when you're holding the mic, that's Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. That's the religion? Alhamdulillah, we have a wonderful community here, but sometimes in some other communities, you see this. And this is unfortunate. Worship God the way he wants, not the way you want. And these atheists, they want to dictate to God. Look at history. And you'll see, and we'll talk about this tomorrow night, you'll see that the most repressive regimes that came in history were atheistic or communistic regimes. You can't even run your own society. You want to run the universe. You want to teach Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala how to run the universe. So this is the fourth factor. The fifth and the final factor briefly, why many people these days, they are resorting to doubting Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is because they want an easy way out. They want an easy way out, because the minute you accept there is a God, Allah has laws. It's not easy to become a pious individual to abide by the laws of God. Some of them, they do know God exists, but they don't want to admit God exists because they want an easy way out. They want to be free. I don't want to pray fast, not do ghiba, not drink alcohol, not do this. I want to have fun in this life, and this drives them to reject Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. And this is very unfortunate. Yes, it's very difficult to be pious. Imam Al Baqir, alaihi salam, in one hadith states, Al jannahu mahfoofatun bil makari was sabr. You want to go to paradise? It's not easy. It's not free. It's surrounded with difficulty and patience. Wannaru mahfoofatun bil ladhati wa shahawat. And hellfire is surrounded with temptation, with desires. That's the reality. It's not easy, but at the end of the day, realize one point, that there is no easy way out. Even if you stay in atheists, you think, what Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala will not test you? Life will not have its own complications and difficulties? Absolutely not. Because in one hadith, Imam Al Qadim, alaihi salam, tells his student and his companion, Hisham, he tells him, oh Hisham, let me share something with you. The aqil, the one who has the intellect. You know who's the aqil? The one when he looks at this life, he realizes if you want to be successful in life, you have to work for it. It doesn't come for free. And when he looks at the hereafter, he realizes you have to also work for it. It doesn't come for free. You want the world, you have to work for it. You want the Akhirah, you have to work for it. At the end of the day, you have to work for it. So which one does the aqil choose? The aqil chooses the one that lasts, not the one that's going to finish. And that's the Akhirah.  You think it's an easy way out, you will just suffer more and more by resorting to atheism. Gradually, you'll develop psychological problems and depression will strike you before you live in this world. So these are five factor brothers and sisters that lead us, that lead many of our youth to atheism. Let us be aware of these important factors so we can help many people in our society. Realize that Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala is close to us. Especially in this holy month of Ramadan. If anyone asks about me, say that I am close. I am the close one. We ask Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala to open our hearts to him in this holy month. May Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala bless you brothers and sisters. And let's end with reciting Surah Al-Fatiha. May Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala bless you brothers and sisters. Let's end with reciting Surah Al-Fatiha for our beloved brother who has passed away. Let's recite a loud salawat followed by Surah Al-Fatiha.


And we're here at the Techno, hi! Hi, hi! So please introduce yourself. Yeah, I'm Yun and I'm working for Techno Company. And this is our first foldable form. You can fold it and unfold it. It's really an incredible product. And you see there's no gap here. Because we use it... No gap? Yep, no gap and no seam here when you fold it. Because we use a different structure of the hinge here. We use like a water drop structure. So there is no gap. And if you unfold it, your fantasy is really very, very shallow crease here. It's really smooth, maybe you have to try it. This is from the outlook. We don't feel too much in the middle? Yeah, of course it's really smooth. Maybe you can have a try it. Yeah, it's really good. It's really good. It's perfect. Yeah, it's really smooth. Ultra flat one. What bright does it get? It's getting bright, high quality. Yeah, of course. Of course, we self-develop a fixed axis rotation technology to further shallow the crease here. It's really pretty interesting. And for our phone, we use MTK Dimensity 9000 Plus for the CPU. And we use Amateur 13 operating system. And for the photographic system, we got 5 lens, HD high-dimensity photographic system. This is a 51 and 51 and 32 and 16. And then 16. So great quality cameras? Yeah, sure, of course. The best? Yeah, some of the best. I'm not going to say the best, but it's a leading level in the industry. Yeah, it's really good. Maybe you can try. And for what we use a battery at 5000 mAh, it's a large battery. Is it on each side? It's both sides. Both sides. Two sides. Yeah, yeah, yeah. And for screen, because we use two screens here, main screen and sub screen. Those screens are high quality screens. For main screens, we use 2000 plus Dimensity screen. It's really, really clear. The main screen is done. This is the main screen? Yeah. The big one? Yeah. 2000 plus high-density. 2000 times. 2000, yeah. Yeah. 4 million. Yeah, of course. More. Yeah. And for the sub screen, we also got a 1080 plus Dimensity for that. And the sub screen, it looks good? Yeah, of course. It's really clear and brilliant. Yeah, it's nice. Really nice. And for, let me introduce our operation system. Because if you open your main screen, you then open an app. Then you, there's a control banner. You sweep it down. You can open another app here. It's for the multitasking. Yeah, it's very convenient.  You can get smooth. And you can, yeah. What happened? Something in the middle? Yeah. Now in the middle, you can drag it along. Drag it along? You can make it a little bit bigger? Yeah, of course. Yes, this is bigger. Anything else like this? Yeah, yeah, yeah. Of course. It's like, we can drag it along. And it's for the auto multitasking.  Yeah. You grasp. And then you need to... You have two next to each other? Yeah, of course. You can... Maybe you can imagine this is a video meeting here and then you can revise your war PPT here. Can you also make the PPT smaller at the same time? Yeah, of course. We can make it smaller. It's like... When you open it, it's like... Here? Only one at a time, huh? No. Up to four windows. Because you're like... Four? You open another one and you can grasp it. Because it's lightning. Because it's a prototype here. I would don't update the software. Eventually maybe you can have four windows at home? Yeah, yeah, of course. We can get up to four windows. Yeah, it's really good. And for other things, maybe like... Oh, I'll show you. I think it's one of the best functions here. And you can enter like a driving mode here in the setting and you enter it. Then you get a drive mode. You find the Google Map here where you drive the car. You can see the Google Map, the big one in the middle. And there is also the... Maybe like Spotify, you can play some music here. And it's like a fast button for maybe leading to your family or leading to your company. It's really great. And you can go full screen if you want? Yeah, of course. I mean, this part can be bigger or it's running with this surround? With this surround. Because it's like a drive mode. We divided this mode because we consider that for a conventional phone you have to exchange from one app to another. It's not so safe. What would be nice is a full screen mode.  Maybe you don't want this all the time. Yeah, of course. But it's amazing to have it. But it should be one click away. This for another and maybe like a Spotify and then you got your contact here. You can get a call someone and then for other apps. It's really brilliant. It's really brilliant. It's nearly the same size as the Tesla display. Yeah, sure. Of course. You feel like you have a huge display when you're driving? Yeah, so I really recommend you for this phantom vehicle or the first mobile phone of our company is Techno. It's really brilliant. And the first market will be India. The sale price is about $1,099. And we've also got the early bird price. It's like about $979. It's really brilliant. I think you can... You must have tried it. It's the first one. It's a MediaTek Dimensity 9000. 9000 plus. Yeah. 9200 or 9000? 9000 plus. Plus. So it's the best MediaTek. Yeah, one of the best. One of the best. Yeah, chips of MediaTek. Yeah, that's the brief introduction for a product. Is there any chance that when you connect the Type-C it does a video out? Yeah. It doesn't output... Because there's no HDMI. Maybe you can get a transfer plug-in and then you can show your videos in a large screen. I think that's also good. Potentially. It has the support. Yeah, sure. But right now... Of course, this is a Type-C. Yeah.  That's really brilliant. I see. But you're not planning to do desktop mode? Desktop UI? When you export to a different display? Yeah. Like Huawei, Samsung, Netflix? Yeah, sure. Of course, for different markets we've got different strategies. First is India and for the next market we have to get our business consideration based on the retail results of India. So it depends and I'm not quite sure about the specifics schedule. Maybe let's wait for it. Is there a headphone check? Yeah. No headphone check is maybe only for Bluetooth. Yeah, it's for Bluetooth. Somebody asking in the chat but you just use Bluetooth headphones or Type-C headphones? Bose. Bose. I have to say it's Bose. You can also support for Bluetooth and also for Type-C headphones? Yeah. This is exciting because everybody else is more expensive, no? Yeah, sure. Everybody. Nobody at this price? Nobody. Our first phone is the most... It's the cheapest one in the market but the first market would be India. Though we don't enter some market you can still find our products through some of our distributors like in Western Europe though we don't officially enter the market you can still find our products. Why you don't officially enter? Because we are a Chinese company but we focus on frontier markets like Africa, Latin America Middle East Asia Middle East and Southeast Asia and some markets like that. Huge markets, very big. India is big. Yeah, they are huge markets. And many people want this phone over there and it's getting more and more affordable. Yeah, yeah, yeah, of course. You know, the early bird price is about a bit higher than $900. It's much cheaper than Samsung phone 4. I think it's really kind of affordable. Maybe you can have a try. Is there any chance before the end of the year it can be $500? No chance? You cannot say. Of course you cannot say. But that's what I want to see. I want to see this one for $500 available worldwide. Yeah, of course. Of course, but we have to consider about the cost, the producing costs. Manufacturing. Yeah, of course. Yeah, it's like we have to consider about our income statement because we got published. We got a listing in the share market in China. Can you say who made the display or a secret? Is it BE or Samsung or somebody? I know but it's a business secret I have to say it's one of our... Maybe it's Chinese. Yeah, it's one of our Chinese companies for the display, for the screens. The quality is amazing. Yeah, of course. And warranty is for a long time? Yeah, of course. We cannot have a problem. Yeah, of course. We get a test in the laboratory condition. We voted for over 200,000 times. And we found that the depths of the crazy stool are less than 0.2 millimeters. It's really brilliant because the number for a new one is about 0.11 millimeter and it's almost half of that of the Samsung 4.4. Yeah, we have tested. For the life expectancy, I think it's more than four to five years. I have to say it. Forty-five years? Four to five years, not four to five years. I don't think any smartphone can support that one. Yeah. All right. What is going to fail first, the display or the touch? Because the touch has to be very stable when it's folding all the time also. Yeah, of course. It's also a challenge. Yeah, of course. Not only the display. Yeah, because we self-developed a lot of technologies. It's not so easy to realize it. As you see, we invented this product about one to two years ago. And at that time, MTK MNC 9000 Plus is the newest product, the latest chip for MTK. But now, you know, there is 9200. Yeah. But we also, we spend a lot of time in realizing this shallow crease. It's kind of typical. Make sure it doesn't overheat. It's stable. Yeah, of course. It's stable. Good performance. Yeah, of course. It's a must-see, I have to say.  Yeah, sure. But cause this... Is it possible to play games in this form factor? Yeah. It depends. It depends. For some apps, we support up to up to 2,000 apps. They suit the large screen mode. And Global Top 1,000 Plus apps suit both large screen mode and also split screen. But for some games, I have to say, it depends on the game company. We have to optimize for... Sometimes a black bar. Yeah, yeah. No. It depends. I have to say. For some games, it will be black bar, cause we need more time to optimize things. But for Global Top 1,000 Plus games, it's okay. We have optimized things for the large screen. And when you browse the internet, I guess, and when you check your email, it's a great experience. Yeah, of course. Right? Yeah, of course. Yeah, you see, cause we get a lot of mods for multitasking. You can check. You feel like you have a... Yeah, you can get free to exchange from one app to another. It's really free. You can... I think it's very worth... It's worth it for you to try this product. If you have come to Barcelona, maybe you can come to our place and have a try. It's really brilliant. This is a chance for everybody to have a tablet in the pocket. Ah, yeah. So the tablet market could potentially be much bigger. Yeah, yeah, yeah. And the app developer will make better apps for tablets and better apps for this phone. Yeah, as everybody knows, there are many of us that use the portable phones now and they found that it's easy to carry with them and they don't need to get another tablet. So it's like... It's a substitution for both a conventional phone and a tablet. And it's much more convenient. Yeah. And I guess apps like Gmail... Ah, yeah. When you open big and small, it's the same app in two different ways. Ah, yeah, it's the same. That's how they do it, right? If you look at the external display or this display, it will show different UI. Yeah, of course. Of course. Yeah, that's why we spend a lot of time to optimize them for our operation system. Yeah, you can see, of course... Let me show you. You see? Because it's like a high-OS fold operation system. It's different from the operation system of our conventional phones. It's different. We spend a lot of time on it. Yeah, it's like high-OS fold. It's different from high-OS. So it supports, of course. Yeah. Cool. All right. Thanks a lot. Cool. Thank you for your time. Thanks. Thanks.