Our next talk is about Graph databases, please welcome Francesco Fernandez Castanio Hi, my name is Francesco Fernandez. I am from Madrid in Spain I work as a software engineer in Bicot, and I also run the CC++ user group there in Madrid and also Neo4j User group and today I'm going to talk about graph databases a little connected to so Let's start by the beginning There's a lot of people talking about no SQL, big data, why Relational databases don't scale, but these kind of databases, graph databases are based on graph theory And graph theory is a bit old topic Let me introduce you this guy Probably you will know it, him, sorry He's Euler. He was a mathematician from the 18th century and He's the guilty of the graph theory He developed a lot of mathematical stuff also the graph theory and He has a lot of time to think and question things to himself And he used to live in Brazil in Koningsberg. I think that I've pronounced it well He asked himself Okay The old town of Koningsberg has seven bridges Can you take a walk to the town visiting each part of the town and crossing each bridge only once? Does somebody know the answer? Well, the answer is no, but this is not the interesting part of this Question with this problem. He started to developing the graph theory and thank you to his work We have this this kind of algorithm, this graph databases and everything and he ended up Defining a graph in this form. It's a very concise form and a graph is just a another pair of set of vertices and edges that connect that vertices. I have to read it It sounds scary, but we are used to to deal with graphs every day Even my mom is used to to deal with graph here. We have an example here we have a map from the Manhattan underground and We have in one place We have the stations that are our notes and the connection between the station are their relationships or the edge of our graph So probably most of you have come To here to Berlin and you probably have run some graph algorithm to find how to come here to Alexander Plus. Oh, I am in this place. How can go to Alexander Plus? Probably is not the best the shortest path, but you have found a solution. Okay, but What is a graph database? Does somebody knows what is a graph database? Any idea? No, okay It's a very simple concept. It's just a database that use Graph as a main data structure Today I want to talk about Neo4j and Neo4j implements a property graph And what is a property graph here? We have the definition of a property graph in in a form of a graph So a property graph store nodes and also relationship This relationship connect our nodes and both of them could have properties and what are properties just a pair of key values Okay And as I told you today, I'm gonna talk about Neo4j Neo4j is a graph database is written in Java. Sorry, it's not Python It provides an exit transactions, a REST interface Cypher language that is a declarative language to query the database It's open source and it's a no SQL database but Probably you are questioning yourself. Why should I care about graph databases? I usually Work with MongoDB or probably Postgres, MySQL and everything is okay. What should I learn a new technology? Well, I think that probably there are a main reason to Take care about these these technologies And I think that the traditional way When I mean I mean with the traditional way when I working with Relational databases if we're dealing with highly connected data this approach is a bit artificial because Relational databases weren't designed to to deal with connected data So probably we have some some problems because we have to deal with some met information We have to deal with foreign keys If we are working with a many to many relationship We even have to create a new table to hold this met information We have to take care that this information is consistent So I think that we are mixing our data with some our metadata in the relational case If we are working with a Documental database it we have the same problem if we we want to To work with connected data the scenario is even worse I think we could have to run we have to run Some how-do process or whatever to get some information and we don't we cannot get insight in real time and We probably face to some scalability problems in a highly connected Domains, so probably we will have some problems of of performance Some guys the Neo4j in action authors run an experiment They wanted to compare the performance Between my SQL and Neo4j in a highly connected environment So they run this experiment. They don't they model a domain social network with with users that follows between them and I Think that they store a million of users and a lot of relationship between them and they compare they wanted to know Give me the friend of my friends friend of my friend of my friends until at the depth of five Here is the table we can see that there is At the first level the times are similar, but when we go deeper that the times are far away from my SQL takes a long time to to finish Why why this happens? Probably we will design our relational database in that safe We will have our user table and then many too many Relationship that this is their relationship between users in another table So each time that we are looking for the friends of one user We have to look in this table. It's an index lookup and it has a complexity of log of n because we are looking for an index While when we are working with our database, they are designed to get the neighborhoods for free They are starting in a safe that we get in a constant order of complexity what happened when we go deeper in a relational environment we get this complexity because per each Depth that we have we have to look into our table. We have to have an index lookup So it is multiplied by the name of the depth of our lookup While when we're working with a graph databases We end up with this complexity because we only have to transverse or graph But other reason to to think about using graph databases could be that we can't transfer our domain model in a natural way When I face to a problem I usually grab a paper and a pen and I finally ended up with this kind of drawings I have some entities. They are related to each other The relationship are some semantics. So this is some kind of Diagram and if we are using a graph database, we can translate this to our storage directly We don't have to take care about Normalizing my model and blah blah blah this this kind of thing that we have to do when we are working with Relational databases Probably using a graph database for a I don't know storing documents is not the the best solution But for other scenarios could be rational. Okay What are the use cases for for grad databases? Okay For example, we have social networks the well-known use case someone follows This is the model of Twitter for example Then we have all the use cases for example just partial problems. I want to go from point A to B So this is a classic algorithm And that is all using graphs for detecting fraud Authorization network management to build recommendation systems in real time and there's a lot of other use cases Okay And now I will start talking about Neo4j. Let me introduce you to Cypher. Cypher is a declarative language Is ask oriented so we in some way we translate our What time we are representing to ask a code as a drawings you will see better in later Slides and we look for patterns. Okay And now for jay give us these these layers to access to the API's On the top of it. This is Cypher's then we have we can access to other API's traversal API We have to write using some JVM language to access to these APIs. We can use jaython if we want to Okay, what is the simple simplest thing that we can represent using Cypher? This thing I know this related to another one a is related to be on the top We see a drawing and below we have the Cypher representation The translation is very straightforward as far as you can see. Okay Then we can represent other things for example here. I'm telling that Eric Clapton playing cream we have one node that is very Clapton and we have cream that is a Avant and we have a relationship with some semantics. So we are relating the two entities using a graph Then we have our example of social network We have some users in Neo4j. We can label our nodes because Probably we want to categorize our nodes. So here I'm saying, okay I have some users and they are related they follow each other's Then I can also add properties to my nodes, to my relationships. Here I'm representing that Eric Clapton has some properties in that case and a name that is Eric Clapton and also the relationship has an Property that is a date when he started to play in that band. Here I'm trying to represent what bands Musicians that play in bands and the styles that these bands are labeled And what is the simplest thing that I can query to Cypher? This thing I am asking to Neo4j Give me all the nodes that are related with this Relationship with our relationship that is labeled with playing So it will give me all the nodes that are related with this relationship And it returns all the nodes. I Can look for for other things Here I'm asking to Neo4j Okay, give me all the nodes that are related with playing and also in the other side are related with labeled So basically it will return me all the nodes that Musicians play in a band and the style of this band and it returns some properties Okay, but we can look for some some particular notes Here I'm asking to Neo4j. Look me in your index a note that have a property name with a value Clapton, so we will have an starting point We have the note with this value that represent Eric Clapton And I want to know all the bands in that Eric Clapton played and the style of this band This is the the goal of this this query and I return some properties of these these nodes in that case I get the the name of Eric Clapton the name of the band and the style of this band Okay Then I can look for more for more patterns here Here I'm saying to Neo4j. Okay find a note with an Eric Clapton again and give me All the bands that have the style blues and looking for two notes in that case I'm asking to Neo4j that look look me for the note with this property name Clapton and also this note with this property blues and look for the bands that have these properties have this this this relationship and it return order by by some field and by Okay We also can have optionality in our relationship here we have we evolve for the model and we also have the there been no their relationship between a musician and a band and He called musician can produce also bands so Here we are looking for all the bands that Clapton playing or produce And we are filtering by some date as you can see is at some point is similar to esquivel Also, we can We can have an optional Depth here. I'm saying to Neo4j. Okay. Look me for all the notes that are related with this property At a maximum depth of five. So he will look for me and he will be give me a a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 all the paths If they are passed until depth of five He will he will give me all all the all the notes. Okay Here we have a more more developed example It's a just partial problem and My goal is going from A metro station in madrid to another So I look for a station. I am in sol And I want to go to retiro. Okay. So I look for these two notes I ask Neo4j that find for me these two notes And then I find all the connections all the paths that There exist between these two stations Okay, so probably I have one two three or four. I don't know and and path to that connect sol with retiro and then I I reduce I add all the weights between Between all the station that is composed the path And I get the shortest path Just notice that Neo4j Has implemented all this kind of graph algorithm. It provides a sorted path Distra a star all all of these kind of graph algorithms are implemented in in Neo4j. This was just an example As I told you Neo4j Give us and rest api to query to create notes and everything There are some occasions where we need to extend this rest api So we can extend Neo4j using extension manage or unmanage so we can write some Some algorithm using the api that transfers it api for example And we can expose this as an endpoint in our api Uh, well, this is some example right then in java. Sorry Uh, there are drivers for almost every language as I told you is we access via Rest api if you want to use using python, I recommend you buy to now uh Is has a module for jango, I think and I also my conclusion. I want to quote martin foler and Instead of just picking a relational database or probably mongo dv Because in hacker news is the The trending thing we have to think about our data and what We have to do with this this data probably We have to tend to polyglot persistence have two three or five databases in our systems to to explode this this data If you would if you want to know more about this topic, I recommend you these three books No, it's ql. This tile this tile by martin foler Neo4j in action and graph databases uh, also if you want to To try it Without installing it. I recommend you graph mdb. That is a Neo4j as a service. There are some free plans To try it and Okay questions So this is all very new to me and I have only very vague idea about that but From what I've seen my impression is that we basically store records in notes, right? And we label the edges with the relations that okay, uh, so In sql when I want to create a new record. I have to put it into a table For which I define the type, right? So I define all the attributes in advance and I define how they should look like I'm Am I required to to do it here as well? Do I actually have to define the type of data which I can store in the note? Or can I just do anything with the cipher? Statements you can do anything that you want. There are no pretty fine schema Okay, so this reminds me then of uh difference between dynamic and static type languages It also so what what happens if I Write a statement in in uh cipher that actually Uh, doesn't make sense I would ask for four relation Between or I would create Two notes and connect them with the relation And then I would create other two notes That would have that would carry different type of data and I would connect it with the same relation I could I could create many statements that probably wouldn't make any sense What happens then Nothing no Okay, so it allows you to Store whatever you want. Okay. So so basically the issues or the problems are Solved during the runtime when I run the statement Probably it will return nothing if you are requiring something that doesn't make sense or Something that you you didn't store before But there are no type checks. Okay, like Is are there any advantages that this brings to us like Dynamically typed languages definitely have some advantages out of this. Do we see something in the data? Yeah, there are advantages. Uh, you can evolve your your model As well as you evolve your your program You are not tied to a schema or So for example, if tomorrow I want to in my example of musicians. I want to ask the engineers that Engineer the the albums of these bands My old voice will still work and it can evolve without touching anything It's it's more agile this It's like in no sql philosophy Yeah, but some real world scenario where disadvantage can actually can play role would be interesting to me Thank you for for your answer. Thanks Hi In the example that you had where you're Searching for two kinds of relationships. It was uh artist and producer or musician and producer or something like that. Yeah That one In that query can the result contain the type of connection? Or just So here you are just starting in the R variable You have information of this relationship and so you can get that. Yes Okay, thank you Um, sorry.  Can you repeat the question, please? So Once you have your database full of data Um, is there something that can output sort of a summary of the relationships that are stored within the database? Yes, you have some web interface That represent graphically What have you stored in your And that's part of cypher or part of it's part of neo4j. Okay, and there are other tools like Link torus. I think that exploring this way on visualization of your data Thank you for your talk You said that the relationships you get for free. There are no indexes And uh, there is just on the slide. I wanted to ask how it is implemented that our date is greater than 1968 So there are actually some internal indexes for comparison or it is linear search Just uh, when you are looking for properties In the background, neo4j used lucine. So when you are looking in that case for named Clapton You are using lucine. So probably this could be a handicap of this kind of databases because the You have to to go to the index Yeah, okay. Thank you Are there any more questions? Okay, thanks a lot for your talk


It's time once again for another comedy episode of Our Miss Brooks, right? His English at Madison High School was as grateful as any other teacher for the Washington's birthday holiday observed last week. And far be it for me to criticize the actions of the father of our country, but I can't help wishing that he had taken more than just one day to be born. Of course the one day off was better than nothing, but I must admit I look forward to a weekend of not teaching with considerable anticipation. It isn't that I'm not fond of my pupils. I think they're a wonderful horde of kids. But after the events of last Thursday, I seriously considered giving up teaching and taking a course in rug tatting or peanut art. It started Thursday after school. Mr. Boynton, the usually bashful biologist, displayed a surprisingly different attitude when I entered his laboratory. Hello Mr. Boynton. Hello, Miss Brooks. I was just going to come down to your room. Oh, then I'll get back there right away. I wouldn't want to miss you. I guess what I have to say can be said here, all right? Although I can't help wishing the surroundings were different. Different? Yes, Miss Brooks. More romantic. Romantic? Mm-hmm. I know I haven't been the most aggressive chap in the world, but I do think of other things besides my biological experiments. Things that are, well, more personal. Personal? Yes. Things that a man thinks about a woman sometimes, whether she's a fellow teacher or not. Or not? Just move my needle a notch to the right. Mr. Boynton, what is it you're trying to tell me I like to think? It's just that, like I said before, I wish the surroundings were different. I wish we were in a blue lagoon somewhere with a soft breeze blowing through your hair. But we're not. I can take care of that, Mr. Boynton. I don't know why we have to be in a blue lagoon. I guess I just feel more confident when I'm over water. We'll hop up on this stool and I'll fill a pan. I mean, please continue, Mr. Boynton. Well, as you know, Ms. Brooks, I've been coaching the basketball team while Mr. Haney's been ill and, well, we've been lucky enough to win the championship in our particular conference. Yes, I know. We've been invited to play in the state championships at Martinsville. The entire squad leaves this evening. We won't be back until next week. I just want you to know that, well... Yes, Mr. Boynton? It's terribly important that we win the championship. Oh, you'll win it, Mr. Boynton. But what else were you going to say? Well, I'm not so sure we'll win it after all we're playing around Robin. Well, I bet you could spot him four worms and beat him easily. You're kidding me, Ms. Brooks, but I don't mind.  At last, formal recognition that we have a relationship. Well, without getting too basic too quickly, I'd like to state that in the past, whenever the situation seems auspicious for declaring certain emotional reactions, I've felt, upon finding myself in close proximity to you, that is, some outward manifestation seems to... Pardon me, Mr. Boynton. Couldn't you get a little more basic more quickly? What I'm trying to say, Ms. Brooks, is that there always seems to be some sort of interruption when I want to talk to you about certain things. What kind of interruption? I see what you mean. Come in. Well, Boynton, as principal of Madison High, I... Oh, I thought you were alone. We were for a minute. That is, I was just saying goodbye to Mr. Boynton, Mr. Conklin. I see, Ms. Brooks, and have you finished saying goodbye? No, Mr. Conklin, we haven't. This boy's been taking brave shots. What I mean to say, sir, is that we can finish talking after you've spoken to me. Very well. I simply dropped in to wish you good luck with the team, Mr. Boynton. Remember, by winning the championship cup, you not only honor yourself and the athletes involved, but you bring further glory to the already hallowed name of Madison High. Glory and prestige, fame and all... How much have you bet on the game, Mr. Conklin? Just a thin, I was... No! I never bet. It's just that we must get that cup. Don't worry, Mr. Conklin. We've got the high scoring forward of the conference in our team, you know? I see. And how is this boy's condition? Tip top, I trust. Well, he's six foot five inches tall, so his top would be hard to tip. Joke, sir. Thank you. Miss Brooks, is this the boy we transferred from Miss N. Wright's English class to yours? Yes, sir. Well, tell me, how's his state of mind? What there is of it is quite happy. Well, I know he's not a brilliant student, but now that he's in your class, Miss Brooks, I'm sure he'll improve. From what I hear, the boy's an all-round athlete. I want him eligible for other sports during the coming term. Well, I'll do whatever I can, Mr. Conklin. Of course, it's difficult to give a test without any questions in it, but... He's through all right, Mr. Conklin. Good, good. Well, I'll be running along now. Best of luck, Boynton. Bring back that cup. Let's see now. Where were we? Oh, I know. You were telling me something personal. Well, I wouldn't like to repeat myself, Miss Brooks. Do you remember what it was I said last? Oh, how could I possibly remember what you said minutes ago? It was just something about you'd like to state that in the past, whenever the situation seemed auspicious for declaring certain emotional reactions you felt, upon finding yourself in close proximity to me, that is, some outward manifestation seemed... That's right. And then you said couldn't we get a little more basic more quickly? Right. Then you said there always seemed to be some sort of interruption when you want to talk to me about certain things. And then you said what kind of interruption? Then I wrote, whoever it is, get lost. Come in. Hi, you coach. I just... Oh, hello, Miss Brooks. Hello, Walter. How are you? Fine and dandy. Good. Bye-bye, Walter. Remind Mr. Boynton about the big doings tonight. There's going to be a torchlight parade and a snake dance. You'll be there, won't you, Miss Brooks? Yes, Walter, if I can find a snake in time. Oh, Miss Brooks, have you seen Stretch around anywhere? No, not for the past few hours. Well, if he shows up, please send him into the gym, will you? I want to give him exact directions so he won't get lost on his way to the bus station. Knowing Stretch, he can get lost after he's got the directions. I will send him in to you if he shows up here. Thank you, and good day, Walter Denton. Thank you, Miss Brooks. And may I suggest that you speed Mr. Boynton on his way with a salutation befitting the mentor of a sterling aggregation such as the Madison basketball team? Walter. So long, coach. I hope you're not embarrassed by Walter's inference, Miss Brooks. If you think that would embarrass me, you need a coach, coach.  I'm afraid I don't comprehend, Miss Brooks. My hair is blowing in the breeze again. What is it you were trying to tell me before Walter came in? Well, it's just that with my leaving tonight, we won't be seeing each other at all over the weekend. I know, Mr. Boynton. Come in. Oh, it's Stretch. How are you, son? Hi, Mr. Boynton. Hello, Miss Brooks. Hi. How do you feel about our impending junket? Huh? Mr. Boynton wants to know how you feel about the trip you're taking this evening. Oh, well, I ain't going. Stretch, don't say ain't. Don't say you ain't going. What's the trouble, Stretch? You're not ill, are you? There's nothing wrong with me physically. My trouble is mostly mental. Well, don't be self-conscious. No, wait. What is it, Stretch? Maybe I can help you. I'm afraid you can't, Mr. Boynton. You see, it's, well, it's about a girl. A girl? You've seen them. They play on girl's softball team. Do to help, Stretch. Yes, Miss Brooks, but I'd rather talk to you alone if it's all right with Mr. Boynton. Oh, I certainly stretch. I've got to get down to the gym for a few minutes anyway. Miss Brooks, you will try to straighten them out, won't you? You know how important he is to the team. I'll do what I can, Mr. Boynton. Good. We'll see you for the snake dance tonight. Now then, Stretch, tell Teacher all about it. Well, I know I ain't good in English, Miss Brooks. You're not good in English. I know. Ever since the first test you give me, I knew that I was going to improve and get the kind of marks in English that I've always stroven for. Stroven for? Well, I know I got a lot to learn yet, but since I met you, I feel that you're more than just a teacher, but you understand kids, and that's why I come to you now. I ain't much at speeches, so I'll just say it right out, Miss Brooks. I'm in love. In love? With what? A who? My best friend's girl, Walter Denton. People don't talk like this in any language. Stretch, are you trying to tell me that you've got a crush on Harriet Compton? Exactly. When she's in the stands rooting for the team, I play great. When she isn't, like she's not going to be where we're going to play over the weekend, I don't. So I ain't going, Miss Brooks. Oh, now wait a minute, Stretch. Have you told Harriet how you feel about her? Oh, no. No Walter either. I don't know what I've hurt in either of their feelings. It's just that I can't play without Harriet in the stands. Look, Stretch. I heard that they're going to show the games on television right here in Madison. That means that Harriet will be in the stands. She'll be right on the sidelines watching your every move. Honest, Miss Brooks? May I swallow a border racer? Now, will you attend the ceremonies tonight and then leave with the rest of the team for Martinsville? Well, if you say Harriet will be there on the sidelines, I guess I'll go along. I knew you wouldn't disappoint Mr. Boynton and me. He was kind of counting on me, I guess. Funny thing about him, though. For a smart scientist, he's not very smart about getting someplace sometime. Right, Stretch. What do you mean? Like with you, I mean. Here you are. Smart, pretty, brainy English teacher with no other attachments, and he don't do nothing about it. Stretch. Yes, Miss Brooks? You ain't just flapping your lips, Doc. Sorry, Eve Arden. We'll continue in just a moment. But first, if instead of feeling sorry for yourself, Stella only had the good sense to listen to House Party every Monday through Friday over most of these stations, she could have had a fine time even when she was home sweeping the hearth. All that fun would have helped her household chores get done faster. And it wouldn't have hurt her one bit if she went off to that fancy dress ball with a smile either. The wonderful thing about House Party is that you can enjoy it five days a week. It's good to hear whether you're working, resting, or out driving the car. Or sitting a fancy dress ball at night, or just spending a quiet evening at home. You'll find the high spirits that House Party gives rise to will carry right over to the evening ahead. Well, the pre-victory celebration was a huge success. A one-hour snake dance in the six-mile torch parade came off promptly at eight o'clock, and my feet came off promptly at nine. After seeing the basketball squad off of the bus depot, they limped home for a nice warm bath. Mrs. Davis, my landlady, was sitting in the living room when I opened the door. And Connie, how was the snake dance? Very snakey, thanks. Did you bid, Mr. Boynton, a fun goodbye, Connie? Yes, Mrs. Davis. What did he say? Goodbye. Oh, that man. When is he going to open his eyes and see that? I think they're opening a little bit, Mrs. Davis. This afternoon in the laboratory, he really started to make a noise when he got out of the hospital. Oh, what happened? Nothing. I got all involved with the trials and tribulations of a star basketball player and his unrequited romance. But the weekend is upon us, and I won't have to play Dorothy Dix for a few days anyway. What are you going to do tonight, Connie? I have some very elaborate plans, Mrs. Davis. Tonight I'm going to have myself a school teacher's B&B. Been a dictine at Brandy? No, bath and bed. I mean, I'll drag my carcass into the bathroom and run a tub. Oh, you don't have to do that, Connie. I've already let the water in. I was going to bathe Minerva tonight. The cat? But cats aren't supposed to get bathed, are they? Oh, Minerva loves it. Besides, I've just got to bathe her. Why, are the mice complaining? You know, she was walking near the sink this morning and slipped on the tile, poor dear. Sailed right into some dough I was mixing for bread. Then maybe Minerva better use the water that's in the tub. She can wait. You run along, Connie, and take a nice rest. Now, who in the world can that be? Coming! Stretch, what are you doing here? Why aren't you at the bus depot? I ain't going. Again? Well, come in for a minute. Thanks, Miss Brooks. This is Mrs. Davis. You remember Stretch? Of course. He's the famous quarterback on our hockey team, isn't he? No, lately he's been playing goalie for our tennis team. Should I talk to you alone, Miss Brooks? Naturally. Mrs. Davis, would you mind making a little tea? Not at all, Connie. I'd like some myself. How about you, Stretch? Nice glass of milk. No thanks, Mrs. Davis. Well, I'll bring some anyway. Nothing like milk for a growing boy. I guess you're pretty disappointed in me, Miss Brooks. But I... say, what's that? What's what? Right behind Mrs. Davis. There's a cake walking into the kitchen. Stretch, I see it too. That's just our cat, Minerva. She fell into some dough. Tell me why you're not with the team. It's Harriet, Miss Brooks. Even though she'll be seeing me play on television, I won't be able to see her. I was afraid you'd figure that out. Look, Stretch, I'll get you a nice picture of Harriet and send it airmail. You'll have it by game time tomorrow night. How's that? Gee, I don't know, Miss Brooks. I would like to have a picture of Harriet, but I wouldn't want anybody to know that I... Walter's my best friend. I know, Stretch. You wouldn't want to hurt Walter or Harriet or either of their feelings. Believe me, I'll get the picture without anyone knowing for whom it's intended. I hate to be such a problem to you, but, well, I never mix much with other kids outside of an athletics, I mean. And I think my name has something to do with it. Your name? You see, my real name is Fabian Snoggrass. Well, just when I was little and kids kidded me about it, I got sensitive. I see. Stretch, do you have any brothers or sisters? Sure. Two sisters and one brother. And do they have peculiar names, too? Oh, no. They all got perfectly normal names. It's like the other day when I was talking to my sister. Rapunzel, I said. That does it. I'll go into your case more thoroughly when you get back from this trip, Stretch, but right now you've got to rejoin the team. Come along. You won't forget to send a picture, Miss Brooks. I won't forget, Stretch. Lots of luck and goodbye again. Rapunzel Snoggrass. Well, there's a family for you. Oh, well, now for that bath. I better see if the water's still warm. Oh, it's pretty cold. I better let it out and run a fresh one.  I'll be right there, Mrs. Davis. I'm afraid Minerva's water got a little cool. I'm running another tub for myself. Very well here. Where did Stretch go? Back to the bus depot. Wait till I close this door. The poor kiddies hopelessly in love. Yes, I overheard. But he shouldn't worry so much about the other boy in the case. Why, when my sister Angela was a girl, she never went out with one boy at a time. She didn't? No, she played the field, Angela did. I remember one time she went out with twins over a year before she found out they were triplets. Angela, the eternal quadrangle. I'd better take a look at that bath. There, nice and hot. Now to get these clothes off and... Oh, no, not another interruption. Hi, Miss Brooks. It's me. Can I come in for a minute? Yes, Walter, but that's about all. I'm trying to take a bath. Well, I don't have to wait, Miss Brooks. Well, it's getting plenty of practice. What's the matter, Walter? It's Stretch. He was in the station. And when last seen, he was heading in this direction. He did come here, Walter, but I sent him back down to the depot. Well, that seems like a pretty silly maneuver. What did he come here about? He wanted some advice. He's in love, Walter. In love? In love with somebody that doesn't love him, a girl who goes with another fellow. Now, what kind of a girl would go with a fellow when she could go with a star basketball player like Stretch? I can't divulge the details, Walter, but Stretch was miserable about the situation. But he's not supposed to be miserable. This is a crucial time.  Careful, Walter. You may hate yourself for this.  Now, you get back to the depot and don't say a word about what I've told you. Well, all right, Miss Brooks. But I wish I could get a peek at the guy that's got Stretch's girl buffalode. You may never see him till you start shaving. Goodbye to you again, Walter Denton. Now, let's see how this water feels now. It could be warmer. I'll let a little out and refill it. Singing in the bathtub. La-da-da-da-da. Singing in the bathtub.  I always thought that teaching was my only profession, but bathing can be quite a career, too. Yeah, that ought to be just right. Singing in the bathtub. Nothing can go wrong. Singing in the bathtub. Oh, I should live so long. Oh, it's Mr. Boynton. I'm sorry to bother you, Miss Brooks, but Walter Denton's disappeared from the bus depot. Have you seen him? Of course I've seen him. Won't you come inside, Mr. Boynton? I haven't time, Miss Brooks. You say you saw Walter. Where is he now? On the way back to the bus depot. Oh, good. Stretch got down there before I left, and when he found Walter gone, he was quite upset. Now everything will be all right. I'm sorry to have troubled you, Miss Brooks. See you next week. Goodbye. Goodbye. You gray hound locker bar. There's nothing to stop me from taking that bath now. I couldn't have gotten cool in that short space of time. Let's see. Now it's exactly the right temperature. I don't have to let out a drop. Wrong again. Oh, no, it's not you again, Stretch. I'm a monster. You're the one for me, an affidavit. What's wrong this time? When Walter came back to the depot, I took one look at him, and then I knew. Knew what? I couldn't go to Martinville without his girl Harriet. I just can't play unless she's really in the stands. All right, Stretch, I'll do my best. Go back down to the depot and wait for me. What are you going to do, Miss Brooks? I'm going to slip on a straight jacket and run over to the Conflans. I disturbed you this late, Mr. Conflan, but it's absolutely essential if you want Madison to win that championship. What's essential, Miss Brooks? That you let Harriet here go to Martinsville with the team. Me? Go with the team tonight? But of course it's Walter. He needs me. Stop squealing, girl. But don't you see, Daddy? Walter's the manager of the team, and he needs me by a side. I hardly dared to hope for it, but now I know.   It was Stretch. Stretch? But he's the best athlete at Madison. I'll rush to his side at once. Fastly, Miss Brooks. Not so fast, young lady. What's this all about, Miss Brooks? Well, it's Stretch, Mr. Conflan. He's got a crush on Harriet. And if she'll just be in the stands and root for him, he says Madison is bound to win. There's really no harm in it. No harm in it? But Martinsville is 400 miles away. The basketball team is composed entirely of boys. Boys and Mr. Boynton. Who'd chaperone my daughter? Come on, Miss Brooks. Pack a bag, and we'll have to... Oh, just a minute, Harriet. I can't go to Martin. Oh, of course you can. It's your idea, isn't it? Now go on home and get... Wait a minute. With Mr. Boynton coaching the team, you'll need a chaperone yourself. What? Me? The principal of the school leave Madison for a weekend? To watch our basketball team play around Robin with the best teams in the state? Tell your mother we're leaving at once. Oh, just one thing, Mr. Conflan. Do you think they have a bath tub in Martinsville? I never thought when I woke up this morning that I'd be riding on the bus with you and the team tonight, Mr. Boynton. I'm glad it worked out this way, Miss Brooks. I am too. Me too. I'm Mr. Conflan, the principal of Madison High. Oh, how do you do, Mr. Conflan? My name's Frederick's. What can I do for you? Well, I'd like to open a few of these windows if nobody minds. It's kind of stuffy in here. There is kind of crowded in the bus. You see, we didn't expect all you extra passengers. In fact, there was one kid back at the depot. I couldn't even allow on. Which kid was that, Mr. Frederick's? Oh, some tall fellow said his name was Snodgrass, Stretch Snodgrass. Well, just as long as he wasn't an important member of the team, Stretch Snodgrass! Miss Brooks returns in just a moment, but first, give the world a break. Give it the smile it deserves. And while you're at it, give yourself a break, too. Keep smiling to the antics of our expanded Amazon Andy Music Hall. And on the hour-long Robert Q. Lewis show, both of these light-hearted programs come your way over most of these stations each Monday through Friday night and Saturday in the daytime, too. And each of them, in any number of ways, is a listening delight. Amazon Andy, The Kingfish, and all of their friends, including some of the biggest names in show business, are open for business six times a week, now at their Music Hall. And since their business is a pleasure, you'll find it a happy place to be. The Robert Q. Lewis show offers you unlimited opportunities for having a good time, too. With Ray Block in his orchestra to back them up, Judy Johnson and Richard Hayes handle any old or new song hit with ease and distinction. And, of course, in his own informal fashion, Robert Q. Lewis keeps the laughs coming with unflagging speed. So tomorrow or any Monday through Friday night and on Saturday in the daytime from now on, do your full share of the smiling. Hear the Amos and Andy Music Hall and the Robert Q. Lewis show. And when you do, get set to find the whole world smiling back at you. Miss Brooks. Well, Mr. Compton was furious about the fact that he and his wife had to go to the bus station to pick him up. Then I went home, got undressed and steered my stubborn little course for the bathroom. Now I can really... Oh, hello, Mrs. Davis. Hello, Connie. I was going to postpone Minerva's bath till tomorrow, but she just couldn't wait any longer. Oh? When did you put her into the tub, Mrs. Davis? Just this minute, Connie. Well, I can't wait any longer either. Where are you going, little girl? Said the wolf to Red Riding Hood. I'll bet you're going to your grandmother's house and that that's a basket of goodies you have on your arm. You lose your bat, said Red Riding Hood. In the first place, it's not a basket of goodies. It's my lunch. In the second place, I'm not going to my grandmother's house. I'm staying here. In the third place, I'm not a little girl in the first place, but a full-fledged member of the Ground Observer Corps spotting planes here on this hilltop. Incidentally, spotters are needed for all shifts to help keep Uncle Sam's Defense Network operating 24 hours a day. If you have nothing better to do than jump out at people from behind trees, I suggest you might use your time more valuably by volunteering for the Ground Observer Corps yourself. Civil defense is everybody's business. Little girls grout the wolf for getting too smart these days when he was right. It's smart to help guard your own home Why don't you join your neighbors who are already members of GOC?  CBS Radio urges you to get in touch with your local Civil Defense Office for more information about the Ground Observer Corps. Starring Eve Arden is produced by Larry Burns, written and directed by Al Lewis with music by Wilbur Hatch. Mr. Conklin was played by Gale Gordon. Others in tonight's cast were Jane Morgan, Dick Crenna, Gloria McMillan, Leonard Smith and Frank Nelson. Be with us again next week at the same time for another comedy episode of Our Miss Brooks. This is Johnny Jacobs speaking. America Listen's most to the CBS Radio Network.


Naval construction forces, riverine forces, and maritime security forces. But in the transition from competition to crisis, one of our greatest operations here in Sea Superiority required, and we could probably only force that for limited periods of time, set conditions to project power across critical domains, particularly the sea domain. In effect, what we're doing, what we're all talking about, Other than that, I'll also mention that for impact we have in A.J. All 27 countries represented in the Sea Superiority headquarters across all functions with your album on for the employment of amphibious forces. Some of the things that we're talking about today, this is what's just going to make this very, very ambitious or very, very informative. Our slower and more expensive. Its geographic location is an inherent reason why natural disaster often occurs in the country. Good morning, everybody. I'm Vice Admiral Paolo Nieman. I'm General Director for Logistics of the Chilean Navy. And I'm thankful for the opportunity to present a briefing on the tested logistics. Capital area and strategic internal security areas Navy are working jointly in the sustainment of troops and conduct of different types of operations while ensuring And what can you buy? Your soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines so that they can exist. It's a long way to everywhere out here. Whether you're talking about MedVAC, CASVAC, personal coverage or inserting capabilities, you must have a way to get there. I think this old saying range true. We must embrace the strategic corporal. Who are these men and women? Maybe you can't get to Australia, maybe you can't get to some of the large exercise I would offer, but I think whether it's going to go about the time or under Australia. We may rapidly be changing the strategic environment or at least a defense strategic update. This update was deeply... Deterrence occurs in the mind of the adversary not through our actions. Therefore that demonstration of will that we need to measure while we're having the impact that we need to. You must feed them. You must take care of them. You must give them enough ammunition and capability to win.


Why do narcissists mistreat you? Why do they treat you badly, cruelly or unfairly? Why do they cause pain and suffering to you without feeling any concern about it? Why don't they behave according to the principles of equality and justice? Covert narcissists mistreat you because in their minds they believe that they are the victims. They believe that they are at risk of danger or harm. They believe that they have been tricked or duped. They feel helpless and unable to defend themselves. As though they are experiencing misfortune or ill treatment. They believe that the situation or environment is unfair. This is their justification or excuse to mistreat you. This is what makes them think that it is okay, although they may seem forceful and aggressive. They really believe that they are defending themselves. They really believe that they are protecting themselves from danger or harm.  They feel as though they are constantly exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally. They feel as though they are constantly experiencing some form of abuse or neglect. They need special care, support or protection. Because they feel like they are constantly at risk. They can take up a lot of your time. You may find that your entire life revolves around the covert narcissist. You may find that you are waiting on them, hand and foot. Doing everything for them, serving their every need. But nothing will ever be enough for them. They will never be satisfied. No matter how much you do for them, it will always be taken for granted. They will always demand that you do more and more for them.   And they will still turn around and say you did nothing for them. They are ungrateful and unappreciative. But this has nothing to do with you. It's not that you didn't do enough for them. Nothing could ever be enough for them. Because they don't feel enough for themselves. They don't feel capable or secure enough on their own. Which is why they require constant physical and emotional support. But no matter what you do for them, they will always feel like you are against them. They will always feel like you should be doing more. They will never be grateful or appreciative for what you have done for them. Because they have a strong sense of entitlement. They believe that they are inherently deserving of privileges or special treatment. They believe that they are stuck in an unfair situation or environment. They are arrogant. They believe that they have superior importance or rights. To the point where they become overbearingly assuming. Insolently proud. Showing a rude and arrogant lack of respect towards you. Ill-mannered. Impudent. Not behaving well in social situations. Because they believe that they are superior to you. They believe that they are more important than you are. They feel entitled to special rights, advantages or immunities. But this is all just a cover up for how they really feel about themselves. Deep down they feel weak and inferior. They feel as though they are not good enough for you. But they have to trick you into believing that you are beneath them. Just to keep you around. If you knew your true worth. You would be wondering what you are even doing around them. You would realise that you are the one who is experiencing a lack of fairness or justice. But they don't want you to realise that. Which is why any time that you do experience an act of injustice. They will ignore it or act as though you deserved it. They will make excuses or justifications for their behaviour. Reasons for why they did what they did. They always have an excuse for how they treat you. But there is no excuse. Abuse is wrong. And nobody deserves to be treated that way. You deserve love and respect. You deserve to be valued and appreciated. And that is why the Covid narcissist has to keep you around. Because they recognise your value. They recognise that they need you. But they cannot give you the proper value and respect that you deserve. Because they would be allowing you to reside over them. They don't want you to reside over them. They want to have power over you. They want to be the ones that make decisions. They want to direct your behaviour and the course of events. They have to keep you in a state where you constantly damp yourself. Doubting your worth. And you believe that you are deserving of ill treatment. Never allowing you to recognise your true worth and power. Narcissists mistreat you. When they are not getting what they want. They believe that it makes them the victims. And as victims they believe that they have the right to defend themselves. In any desire they choose to. Regardless of how it affects you. Regardless of the damage they cause. All that matters is them getting their way. Them getting what they want. Because they are self-absorbed and lack empathy. They do not have the mental capacity to consider you. Because they are constantly in survival mode. They constantly feel at risk of unfair treatment. They always want more. And they are never satisfied. The worst thing you can do in these situations. Is to cave in and comply with that every demand. You will be given their permission to treat you as their doormat. And as their personal punching bag. They will become used to using you. To meet their every need. And they will become used to using you for emotional support. But they will never value or respect you. Because in their minds. Anyone who hands over their treasure. Without expecting anything in return.  In their minds. That is someone who is not worthy of respect. They see your kindness as a weakness. And they will exploit it. They will try to milk as much out of you as they can. They will make you believe that you do nothing. And using that as an excuse to mistreat you. And expect more from you. But it will never be enough. They will never be satisfied. They will always expect a higher standard from you. Because they expect more from you. Than they expect from themselves. Thank you for watching. I hope this video resonate with you. Please like, comment, share and subscribe. Click the bell icon to receive notifications for my future videos. If you would like to donate. Like, hate, bell, link is in the video description. Coach the choir to clean on me.  Thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon.


Yesterday, a British court concluded that Julian Assange, founder of WikiLeaks, should not be extradited to the United States on charges of espionage and of hacking government computers. If he had been and found guilty, he faced a maximum of 175 years in prison. But for now, Assange remains in Bellemarsh Prison, with lawyers representing US authorities appealing against the ruling. Despite seemingly on the cusp of freedom, the judge presiding over the case rejected arguments that the WikiLeaks co-founder would not get a fair trial in the US, but instead chose to block his extradition on the basis that certain aspects of his prison experience across the Atlantic could lead to him successfully taking his own life. In response to that surprising conclusion, the US Justice Department seemed happy at winning the key points of the argument, saying, While we are extremely disappointed in the court's ultimate decision, we are gratified that the United States prevailed on every point of law raise. In particular, the court rejected all of Mr Assange's arguments regarding political motivation, political offence, fair trial, and freedom of speech. So is this good news or not? Even if Assange does walk free, has a terrible precedent now been set for freedom of the press? With me to discuss that and more is Yanis Varoufakis, former Greek finance minister, economist, author, present Greek MP and a very public advocate for Julian Assange in recent years. Yanis Varoufakis, welcome to Downstream. Thank you. Yanis, were you surprised at the decision, particularly with regards to Mr Assange's mental health being the reason that he wasn't extradited to the United States? I was expecting an even worse verdict. I was expecting that the judge would order his extradition in the United States.  I'm quite happy that the decision went the way it went. And as a Democrat, I consider the judge's right to ridicule herself with ridiculous arguments and with a verdict that is going to go down in history as abysmal.  What matters to me more than anything is that Julian is released, that he should not end up in a supermax prison for 107 years, that press freedom is not dealt that kind of a blow along with the sacrifice of his life. You've spoken to him a few times in the last 12 months. You wrote on your personal blog twice last year how you'd spoken to him in prison. You probably know, as well as almost anybody, what his personal mental state is. Was that an accurate depiction of how he's feeling? Is he really on the cusp of not quite, you know, wanting to be with us anymore? Look, if I had been incarcerated for such a long time, especially the last months and years in Belmarsh for 23 hours a day on my own in solitary, most of the time without access to news without a capacity to read and write freely, I can tell you in no uncertain terms that I would have flipped. I would have tried to kill myself already. And I do not know any sane person that wouldn't under the circumstances. So the language that the judge used was an affront to civilized values. But it was accurate in the sense that, yes, there is no doubt that his life is in danger, either from COVID-19 or from malnutrition or from, you know, a heart attack or suicide, but whose life wouldn't be under those circumstances? Those circumstances were designed to take his life.  Yeah, it did seem quite a strange sort of in the judgment, which I would recommend all of our viewers go and read it online. It did seem a strange judgment because obviously that's how a great deal of the U.S. prison system seems to work. But focusing briefly on the political content of the charges, there was the 17 charges of espionage from the Espionage Act, I believe, in 1917, is it Yanis? 1917 Espionage Act, one of computer hacking. And the reason why this set of charges hadn't been brought previously under the Obama administration is that it was just too politically regressive to mobilize a piece of legislation from a century ago. Trump didn't have those misgivings. When Trump went on with the Espionage Act charges, initially it was the computer hacking one that the espionage ones came later, the sort of liberal press in the United States, the New Yorker, the New York Times, the Washington Post, said that this was overstepping the mark, that it was a liberal, that it was an attack on the freedom of the press. And yet you've got a British judge basically saying that all of them were wrong and that Donald Trump was right. Is that a correct assessment of how the judgment played out yesterday? Yeah, she disgraced herself. This is if there is any extradition request anywhere in the world which is political, it's this one. Now the extradition treaty between the United Kingdom and the United States does not permit for extradition on the basis of political crimes. So the judge genuinely, genuinely threw herself under a moral bus with the phrasing that she used. But as I said, history is going to forget her. She's eminently forgettable. What I do hope is going to happen to unfold in the next days and weeks is that Julian will be released and that's the only thing that we need to focus on his release. Look, if you want me to give her the judge the benefit of the doubt, which I'm not inclined to do, but let's say that I am. What I would say is that given that in the past, the high court, the higher courts have reversed lower court judgment in the cases of criminals whose extradition was requested by the United States authorities on the basis that the prison system in the United States is not fit for purpose in civilized societies. Effectively now the higher courts are going to have an even harder time sending him over to the United States because they will have to reverse an opinion by the lower courts. And they will have to do it only on the basis of not the political arguments, but on the argument on whether his mental health is in jeopardy. And I don't believe that there is anyone, even Donald Trump himself, who would challenge that taking a man like Julian Assange who suffered the way he has over the last decade and shove him in a supermax solitary confinement cell for 170 years, that it's not going to have a negative effect on his mental health. So implicitly what you're saying there is that actually this conclusion, although it's politically problematic actually, this is possibly the best case scenario for Julian Assange personally, because it's going to be very difficult for the US State Department to win an appeal? Yes, very much so. I think that it is good for Julian, it's good for Stella, his partner for John Shipton, his wonderful father, for press freedom more generally, but I think it's a terrible indictment on the British judiciary. If there was a case for standing up against a campaign to destroy the soul and body of a man who simply did that, which any journalist had an obligation to do, this was it and they missed it. It's a great defeat for the British judiciary. You mentioned just a moment ago about the extradition treaty between the US and the UK and effectively forbids people who are charged with political crimes being extradited and this was an inconsistency that I found really interesting and I want to know your opinion on it because in the judgment, I think the judge makes, I don't agree with it, but it's a persuasive argument that Mr Assange isn't a journalist. Now for our viewers, I don't think the government or judges should determine who and who is not a journalist. It's a very dark path to go down, but I can see that interpretation. But then of course, like you say, if he's not a journalist, he would be a political activist. I don't agree with that, but that's the only other conclusion you can have and therefore he's furnished with these rights and he wouldn't be extradited. Again, I just want to know the sort of the gray space that Assange has been put in here, he's neither a journalist nor a political activist. He's basically conferred with no rights whatsoever. I mean, that does seem genuinely terrifying and I am surprised it's not caused more consternation in the press. Yes, the Guardian came out with a bit of a good editorial recently and Owen Jones wrote a column, but broadly speaking, that's a really new precedent, isn't it? It has been so for many, many years now. While some of us were campaigning in the very bleak years when Julian was being effectively abandoned by the very journalists who benefited enormously from the journalistic work that WikiLeaks and Julian himself did. During those bleak years, the Guardian, the BBC and many other people who are now reluctantly coming to see the light had abandoned him and had actually thrown him to the dogs, so to speak. I have memories of those years, but look, as you say, they are damned whatever they say, whether they claim that he's a journalist or not. The extradition request is simply an attempt to ensure that the public does not know what the United States government and other Western governments have been doing in our name, behind our backs, and what they have been doing, were crimes against humanity. But let me challenge you on one premise. You said that you thought it was quite persuasive, the argument by the judge as to why he's not a journalist. I am not at all persuaded by her argument and I would caution against accepting that this was a persuasive argument because if it is a persuasive argument and if a judge can make such an argument, then maybe tomorrow your journalistic credentials are going to be questioned. The credentials of anyone who is working for any news organization, the purpose of which, is to bring to the public facts, incontrovertible facts about how power has been abused by governments. We wouldn't want that, would we now? Allow me to correct myself, Janus. Persuasive is perhaps the wrong word, internally coherent. That doesn't apply to the 17 charges from the SBNRJ Act, but from the one charge of computer hacking, which I believe only has a maximum sentence of five years anyway. We're not in a completely different ballpark, but there was this communication between obviously the source, Chelsea Manning and Assange, which one could argue overstepped the boundaries of journalistic permissibility. Why would one argue that? Because a journalist has sources with whom he discusses and even tries to elicit more information. I don't think that, but I think it's a coherent argument. I don't think so. I think it's a grossly incoherent and unpersuasive argument to say that you are not a journalist because you had a source and you've tried to elicit more information from your source is to say that you're a journalist, not that you're not a journalist. So you disagree outright with that. So let's take a separate, yeah, good. Obviously, I don't think that you and Assange should be extradited to the United States, it's important to say that. So on the second point of kind of the argument that would come from the State Department, that this huge tranche of data, which was made public a decade ago, that this endangered the lives of hundreds of people. And this is of course where they try to pull on the heartstrings. We're not talking about CIA operatives. We're not talking about senior officials and Homeland Security, but translators, sources, political figures in places like Iraq, Afghanistan was not redacting their names a mistake, do you think? Because again, that could be another criticism that this wasn't really living up to the kinds of journalistic standards we need when we're exposing power in this way. Look, I'm not an expert on these matters, but what I do know, because I did follow the proceedings of the court very meticulously and very carefully. When this argument was put to the court, the defense, Julian's defense, Julian's lawyers, asked the prosecuting side to come up with a single case where a single person named was imperiled in any way by this process. And the solicitors, the barristers representing the United States government didn't come up with a single example and failed to produce even additional evidence or associative evidence that anyone's life was put to risk by any of the publications by WikiLeaks. But Aaron, more generally speaking, as I said, I'm not an expert. I have to make a political statement here in response to this pertinent question of yours. Who has actually put these people's lives in danger? WikiLeaks, Julian, all the war crimes perpetrated by the United States Army in Iraq, in Afghanistan, in all those places. I think the answer is obvious. No, I'd have to agree with that. You spoke a moment ago about how a number of outlets, which actually had cooperated with WikiLeaks 10 years ago in the Anglo-American world, I'm thinking the New York Times, The Guardian, kind of turned their back on him. Washington Post used WikiLeaks stories in their various editorials, although they weren't involved in initial reporting. Do you think that they turned their back on him because there was this interpretation of events where, for a long time, people in the United States, particularly within the liberal intelligentsia, were saying WikiLeaks had helped Trump to win? And that actually that was a major reason why people who previously had somewhat been on his side turned their back on him, do you think? No, definitely not. And the reason why I'm so abrupt on this is that they had turned their back on them well before Donald Trump appeared on the horizon. You remember the Swedish case against Julian? They had turned against him about that.  And he was absolutely adamant that he would very much like to do this, except that he was absolutely convinced that he wouldn't even get the chance to do this. The moment he ended up in Stockholm, they would extradite him to the United States. And I remember how people from the Guardian, friends of mine working in the Guardian, working in American liberal newspapers and so on, were saying to me, but this is all baloney.  My English friends would chip in. There's no way that anybody's going to ask for his extradition in the United States. And I would say to them, you know what, this is the real fear. And he had been abandoned. Look, in 2015, I had a personal experience of character assassination. And I know how the whole system works. How in order not to discuss the issues at hand, in my case, it was, you know, this bankruptcy and the fact that they wanted to push down the throats of the Greek people and not a huge loan in exchange for public property. In the case of Julian, the revelations regarding war crimes in Iraq and elsewhere, what the powers that be trying to do is to assassinate your character to make sure that nobody wants to listen to whatever you may have to say that is pertinent to them. Because you have been portrayed as a monster on the basis of fake news. This is what they've been doing with Julian. Now, I'm not saying that Julian is the same. I mean, personally, I have to tell you, and I'm saying this because he knows that we're very strong, very strong friends. But, you know, like with many of my friends, he infuriates me at times. So, you know, I remember when he came out supporting Brexit, I was leading a campaign against Brexit. So, you know, we've had a falling out on this. His position regarding Donald Trump, I didn't like it. I told him in no uncertain terms. So what? This is not the reason why they are trying to kill him. And let's be clear, they're not trying to extradite him. They're trying to kill him.  Do you genuinely think that when you say that they want to, because obviously this was a big part of the defense, that they would like to kill him, do you think that's a sort of ancillary point? Or do you think the State Department would have liked to end the life of Julian Assange as quickly as possible? Just to clarify your point. You don't have to take it from me. Remember Hillary Clinton actually asked her staff whether they could use a drone to take him out. Do you remember that, you know, a chap called Joe Biden referred to him as a high-tech terrorist? There is no doubt they want him dead. Both parties, by the way. Obama was a bit cleverer than Donald Trump in the sense that he felt that the case wouldn't go smoothly for them. It's not that they were more liberal or more humane. And Aaron, let me ask you this. Julian has not been convicted of anything. And yet he spent the last year, more than that, in solitary confinement. You don't do that even to a serial killer. And they did it to Julian when I was speaking to him because I visited him in Britain's Guantanamo, otherwise known as Belmarsh. And, you know, I asked him how he was. In fact, I commented that because when he started speaking to me, it was a torrent of information, of viewpoints and so on. And I said to him, I'm glad to see that you are so lucid. And he said to me, well, you don't understand. I spent most of the time locked up trying not to lose it, not to lose my mind. And all my energy, all my mental capacity is focused on the moment when I can speak to somebody like you now or on the phone or whatever. And I have a moment where I try to bring everything out. But you've got to understand that 23 hours a day, I'm struggling to keep it together. Now, what crime has he committed? What crime has been convicted for? None. And this is how they are treating him. I have no doubt that he has been treated more harshly than any convicted terrorist or convicted criminal in the United Kingdom. That says it all. And your point about Biden and Hillary Clinton, that particular wing of the Democratic Party being quite candid about what they think about Assange, given that Biden is obviously going to end the Oval Office pretty soon in the next couple of weeks, do you think there's any possibility that his case will now be treated differently? Do you think there's the possibility of Trump pardoning Julian Assange? How do you think this will now play out in the next couple of months from the US side? Look, I'm one of those people who thinks that when it comes to foreign policy, to things that happen outside the United States, there is almost zero difference between the two political parties. When Biden was elected, I had colleagues of yours here in Greece interviewing me saying, so what do you think that will mean for Greece now that Joe Biden is going to be president or for the European Union? And I said, nothing. American policy, foreign policies does not change when the occupant of the White House changes. Now, is there a chance that Donald Trump will pardon him? Yes. Is there a chance that Joe Biden is going to pardon him? Yes. It will all depend on their calculus concerning their cost minimization policy. That's all there is to it. I don't think there is any ideological difference. I don't think that one is more humane than the other. When it comes to bombing people or treating Julian Assange with a modicum of civilized virtues. My final question, really. What next for Julian Assange? Obviously, there's this appeal that's forthcoming from the US State Department. If that's rejected and he's free to go, have you spoken to him or people familiar with what he'd like to do with his case regarding where he would like to live, what he might do, or has that not even ended the conversation? No, I have not spoken to him recently. Since the last time he called me from prison, I think he lost his privileges, so I have not spoken to him. Let's take it step by step. First things first, he needs to be released. He needs to be reunited with Stella and his two young sons and his father and all of us. He needs to have a moment, a long moment of recuperation. Secondly, he needs to find the place where he can live without the threat of a renewed extradition demand, because if he goes to France, if he goes to Germany, nothing stops the United States from starting the process all over again. Even in Australia, from what I hear, which is his own country, he's an Australian citizen, he's not immune from another court case that centres on some future extradition requests by the United States. Let's get him out of there and then find somewhere where he can be safe and secure, where he can actually live. That's, I think, our number one priority at the moment. There's no tentative thoughts about next steps politically. He's obviously, he's had to confront and fight through a great deal over the last 10 years. Has he never sort of spoken about what he'd like to do when he's free, if he would continue with WikiLeaks and so on? Oh, there's no doubt he will continue. Nothing will stop him except for an early grave. This is one of the great merits of Julian. His mind is racing away all the time. I've learned so much, even while talking to him in prison, even on the phone for the 10 12 minutes that we got to speak, his perspective on the world, his analysis of what's going on in Germany, in Russia, in China. It doesn't mean that I agree with his analysis every single time, but I can tell you that it is an education because it's always thought-provoking stuff that come out of his mind. So I have no doubt that this kind of intellect is not going to just go away and retire. He will continue and he will continue to write and he will continue to do his journalism, the way he does it, and he will continue to pursue his anarchist views regarding information and about knowledge. He believes that nobody should have a monopoly of it, and on that I agree with him. Yanis Varoufakis, thank you for taking the time to talk to us here today. Thank you. Always great to speak to Yanis Varoufakis, not only a hugely intelligent person with, I think, great insights on the big challenges of the century, but also very politically committed. He's never afraid to say what he thinks. And if you want to see more interviews like that over the course of 2021, hit the subscribe button. Navarro Media, thanks to your support, did incredibly well last year. We managed to find new audiences, break, I think, really incredible stories. We want to do more of that in the year ahead. And we've always been consistent. We can't have a different politics without building that different media too. And if you want to help us on that journey, go to navarromedia.com forward slash support. You can become a supporter and help our work reach even more people. My name is Aaron Bassani. You've been watching Downstream. Thanks for joining us. Good night.


Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very much. I feel a little bit like the old vaudevillain, the ventriloquist. Said to the audience as an encore, I'll sing Yankee Doodle Dandy while drinking a glass of water at the same time. Well, welcome to the old executive office building. It's wonderful to see so many friends and supporters. For the last six years, we've fought the good fight to get government spending under control, and it hasn't been easy. We haven't been able to let down our guard for one moment. But despite the momentum built up by the 50-year-old spending juggernaut, we've made dramatic headway. Sometimes we forget that deficit spending in this country with only one or two rare exceptional years has been going on for more than 50 years. And for most of that time, it was explained as necessary to maintain prosperity. Well, for the first time in more than a decade, the federal government is actually spending less this fiscal year in real terms than the year before. And that's no small accomplishment. I should be applauding you because you, all of you, and the American people, I think deserve full credit. As we've begun to rein in federal spending, we've been able to bring taxes down and subdue the monster of inflation. And the result, what our European allies have called the American miracle, the creation of over 13 million new jobs in an economic expansion that may well become the longest in peacetime history. And the engine of job creation is keeping up its pace. It created 337,000 new jobs last month alone. I've had to learn, I didn't know just how the statisticians work this out, but do you all understand what is considered the full potential employment pool in America? It is everyone, male and female, from age 16 up. Well, right now, 61.3% of that pool, the highest percentage in our history, is employed. I think that's more meaningful than the unemployment rate that we keep floating in. But family income is rising, employment is holding, as I've pointed out at historic highs, and America's poor are climbing out of poverty. You know, I told my senior staff in this room the other day that one definition of an economist is someone who sees something happen in practice and wonders if it'd work in theory. You know, any more I'm kind of limited as to ethnic stories that I can tell, that's one I can tell my degree was in economics. Well, there's no question about it. Our combined program of tax cuts, deregulation and spending cuts is working miracles. We've created a revolution of hope and opportunity, but all these achievements and all this progress is imperiled at this very moment, imperiled by a Congress that won't give up its big spending ways. One of the first actions of the 100th Congress was an $18 billion boondoggle so loaded with unnecessary and politically motivated spending that I was forced to veto it. And now, even before Congress has drawn up their budget, some there are saying that they want to back away from our commitment to Graham Rudman Hollings. Some are even saying that they want to raise taxes again on the American people. Well, I'm sorry, but that's just not going to happen. The American people worked long and hard to cut tax rates and win tax reform. They put their trust in their elected representatives and they were promised by those representatives that they would be given the long overdue tax relief they so truly deserve. Well, we're not going to break faith with the American people. I promise you, tax reform will go ahead as scheduled. You know, all this talk about raising taxes reminds me of a story I heard once down in Louisiana about a farmer who took his son out for the first time duck hunting with him. And they sat there in the blind and a mallard came down landed right in front of him. The father wasn't too much of a sportsman. He raised his gun and took a shot at it. And when the smoke cleared, the duck was still sitting there, peaceful as could be. Well, he took a second shot. This time the duck was still there and he tried a third time and this time the mallard took off and flew away.  You've just seen a dead duck fly. Well, all these tax hike schemes are about as much chance of flying as a dead duck. My pledge to veto any tax rate increase remains rock solid. There will be no tax rate increase in the 100th Congress. It's time Congress cut the federal budget and left the family budget alone. Of course, you know, we wouldn't have to fight this battle all year every year if the congressional budget process weren't so desperately in need of reform. As I've said before, the budget process here at the federal level is unworkable and embarrassment to the American way of governing. Every year we see the effects of this breakdown. Budget deadlines delayed or missed completely. Monstrous year-end budget busters, the so-called continuing resolutions with billions and billions of dollars for boondoggles and special interest programs. They're protected, built into that, because the whole government would be stopped if you attempted to veto anything of that kind. You know, when it comes to this yearly budget process, I keep thinking of that current movie hit, The Little Shop of Horrors. Now, the budget isn't exactly like the man-eating plant in that movie. It isn't mean. It isn't green. It doesn't come from outer space, but it does only say one thing.  This yearly budget feeding process must stop. After a long, hard struggle, the American people won a major victory with tax reform. We finally got the special interests out of the tax code, and now it's time to get them out of the budget. And that's why we must not delay. We must act now to pass a constitutional amendment to balance the budget. Most of our states have such a provision in their state constitutions, and I can tell you after eight years as a governor that most of our states have a budgeting process that is sensible and practical and works, and it makes the federal government look like the Mickey Mouse arrangement that it is. And let us act in addition to that constitutional amendment swiftly to reform the budget process with the same tool that 43 governors use to cut waste out of state budgets. Give the president the line item veto. I haven't had that kind of fun that I would have since I was governor, because there in eight years I'd line item 943 times without being overridden. Well, in the meantime, our elected representatives cannot break their promise to the American people. There can be no backing away from our commitment to the deficit reduction goals of Graham Rudman Hollings. Otherwise, our economic prosperity will never be safe. The pressures for more and more federal spending will grow until they burst through all remaining constraints. We'll be back where we were seven years ago with federal spending running wildly out of control. You remember when in the 76 election our opponents coined a thing called the Misery Index. You added inflation to the unemployment rate. They weren't talking about that along about 1980 because it had grown to more than 20. In total. And now it's down to around a third of that or less. So we've taken over on the Misery Index and think it's a proper thing to use. But inflation is going to come back in force in our economic expansion and the millions of jobs we created. Well, they'll only be a memory. I've submitted a budget that meets the Graham Rudman Hollings Deficit Limit for Fiscal Year 1988. It's a good budget, a sound budget, the result of hard work by our cabinet and our agency heads, the ones who have to run the programs. They say that they can run them for the money that we're asking. And up in the Congress there are people who don't have to run the programs who say it can't be done. It'll keep us on track this budget toward elimination. Deficit spending. It'll help build the foundation for a continued economic expansion with low inflation, high job creation, and a reduced trade deficit. I don't believe them when they say it can't be done. Congress can keep its Graham Rudman Hollings commitment if it wants to. It only has to want to. I'm going to keep pushing and my cabinet is going to be out front pushing too. We've all got to speak out loud and clear and let Congress know there can be no backsliding on this issue. It's time to rise above politics and self-interest. It's time once and for all to end deficit spending, to put America on a growth path, creating jobs and opportunity for all Americans through the end of the century and beyond.  Maybe I've said it to you before. I'll say it again. You don't have to make them see the light. Just make them feel the heat. Thank you very much. God bless you all. Thank you. Thank you all very much for coming. This was an important briefing for us. We look forward to working with you so that we can accomplish what we talked about today. Thank you. Thank you.