I'd like to welcome Dr Jens Kump from the CSIRO, who's going to be taking us through both DOIs, Digital Object Identifiers, and IGSC, as for geological sample numbers. A few words to introduce myself. So my background is in geology. I did undergrad at the University of Cape Town in South Africa in geology and oceanography, and then carried on to do marine geology back in Germany. I did a loop through IT industry and then joined the German Research Center for Geosciences in Potsdam in 2001, which I stayed until the beginning of this year. And in March 2014 joined CSIRO OS, the OCE, which means Office of the Chief Executive, Science Leader, Earth Science Informatics. My previous work was to support something which could be called the digital value or data value chain, to understand how researchers work in geosciences and develop projects with them and then integrate the data that come in from heterogeneous sources, help people adopt new technologies, and just to keep an eye of which of these new technologies can be used in the geosciences. So the main topic of today will be the DOIs, the IGSNs, and I start with a more well-known topic of the Digital Object Identifiers for data publication and citation. And my focus will be on how this was intended to make data part of the record of science. That will be the guiding principle for the discussions from my perspective. When the internet was still young, this was one of the errors that popped up very early on and has been around with us ever since. And in terms of the record of science and having science on the web, this meant that things were broken and that one of the terms was called link rot. So this problem of link rot was recognized very early on and this gave rise to the development of the handle system, which was introduced in 1995. And based on the handle system, the publishing houses introduced the Digital Object Identifier. It was proposed in 1997 and went into production in 1998. And this was also the first time when somebody suggested that maybe these new Digital Object Identifiers could also be useful for identifying data. So that started the project in Germany with the first DOI for data then being minted in 2004, so we're the 10-year anniversary now. In the context of a project funded by the German Research Foundation, but if you want to run this as a sustained business, as a sustained service, you have to find a business model that expands the use of these Digital Object Identifiers to an international scale. And international scale also meant that the original service provider, the German National Library for Science and Technology, was a bit of a problem in that the French and the Swiss and other national libraries were uncomfortable with using a German National Library as the service provider. So something else had to be found and that was DataSide. DataSide was founded in 2009 as an organization to govern the system of Digital Object Identifiers for data. So it has 31 members today. Last I looked, there were 3.6 million datasets registered of which 1.2 million were in the last 12 months. So there's been a huge upsurge in use. But if you compare this to 1.8 million articles published in various fields of science in 2012, then the number of datasets that have been registered is actually pretty small. And some of those datasets, when you look at them, you can, if you Google DataSide statistics, you can see the fine-grain statistics and you will see that many of these datasets are very fine-grain. So even though 1.2 million 12 months sounds impressive, it doesn't really reflect the output of papers published. So it's still lagging behind, but it's catching up fast. So the original idea was we have data traditionally published in papers and on the left-hand side, that's a typical journal page. You have some tabulated data. The really interesting part is this illustration in the right-hand column, which some people call a buckshot scattergram with dots and disks. And it nicely serves the purpose of illustrating the main idea of this paper of, in this case, calculated chlorophyll versus measured chlorophyll in Lake Baikal in Siberia. But that's about where it stops. You cannot use this any further. It just illustrates the thought. Fortunately, in this case, if you take the DOI at the bottom of the page, it does resolve to something. We put the data from this paper onto the scientific drilling database, which is a database for data from scientific drilling projects. And this repository then gives you a description of the data. It gives you a way to cite the data at points to related materials, like the paper where this data are interpreted. You can download the data, and you can also download metadata in various formats like ISO <IP_ADDRESS> for georeference data, NASA directory data interchange format, which goes back a bit further in time, the data site metadata. And for this particular system that underlies the scientific drilling database, also the ESIDOC metadata. But the point with metadata here is that there are many ways to describe things, and this particular system can cater to any description that you seem fit or necessary to describe your data set. So DOI for data, the resolution question is solved. So there's a way to go from a digital object identifier to the universal resource locator, and this resolving service is provided by the handle service. Fine. So we can find things that we can name. But what do we name? So that's the question of granularity. What is the smallest identifiable object that we actually want to identify? What exactly is identified by particular DOI? How do we go about versions? If we update things, if we do corrections, if we have IRATA, and in anything that's in the environment, particularly time series are very important. How do we deal with continuing time series, for instance, from environmental monitoring? Those questions arose very early on in the precursor project to the DOI for data already. And I think the principles haven't really changed. Some use cases have become a bit more refined, but the underlying questions are still granularity identity versioning time series. And this goes back very far to the earliest source that I found was the year 75, Kutai describing the ship of Dizoy's paradox. In the ship of Dizoy's paradox, Dizoy's comes to port once a year with the ship and changes a plank or two, and that's the same thing the next year and so on. And in year N, N number of planks of the ship have been changed. So is Dizoy's ship still the original ship, even though many of its components have changed? Things become even further complicated when you collect the planks and build a second ship constructed out of Dizoy's ship's old planks, which of the ships is the original? This is a question that's quite vexing and a solution has only, well there have been many discussions started, but one of the solutions that I found is actually not that old, asking the question, so can anything, well Dizoy's question is can anything be identical with another object? Or are we looking for an equivalent identical object, which in the case of digital object identifies is a good question of what are we actually looking for? What is represented by the identifier? And as an aside to the Dizoy's paradox, the ship of Dizoy's paradox, formally this can be approached by introducing the concept of perdurantism. And the perdurantists say that an individual has distinct temporal parts throughout its existence. So the ship of Dizoy's at any year has its distinct temporal existence and over time it's identical with itself. This is the antipode to the endurantism, where the view is that an individual is wholly present at every moment of its existence. And I think with many of the things we're dealing with, the endurantist view produces some problems. The perdurantist view is more pragmatic, but that's something I will leave to the philosophers. I want to go through some of the use cases of digital object identifies. So the first and easiest use case is the single item produced at time t0 and we're going back that t1 and t2 and it hasn't changed. That's very easy. We give it one name and we can always refer to it by that name and then we will have a resolving service that will then point us to its location. Now if we have a time series, then it starts at time t1, we can go back to it at t0, we can go back to it at t1 and then there's something that has been appended to this time series. When we go at t2, more has been appended, but the past record hasn't changed. And that's an important point. The past record hasn't changed, so we can go back to it. Introduce this use case to the project early on when we were looking at time series coming from satellites where the past record didn't change, but it was only appended. And in the old business model we would have to pay for the DOI, so we weren't prepared to pay millions of dollars for DOIs. We wanted to pay for just one DOI per dataset, arguing that you could always go back to the old record. It just became longer, like in the days of library index cards where you have one library index card saying nature, 18 something, dash. And you wouldn't have an index card for every issue of nature. You would have only one for the series, which was an ongoing series. Now, if you update an item, things are somewhat different. So we start at t0 with some item, then at t1 we update the item and at t2 we update it again, indicated by different color bars in this box. So there are some use cases where I want to go back to a very specific version of that dataset. And each of these versions is identified by a different identifier. We have the DOI one name, the DOI two name, DOI three. But sometimes some people will only be interested in the most current version. And that is something that you can approach by creating what we call a parent object. And this DOI A name in this case is the parent to DOI one, two and three. And when you refer to DOI A, it will take you to the most current version. If you want a specific version, you can address that very specific version by its own name. The snapshot is a different variant of the same theme. Here it's a mixture of updated item and time series. It follows the same principle that you can go back to a very specific version or you can go to the current version depending on what your use case is and where you want to go. Also very useful is this concept of a collection where you have several objects, several data objects that are then compiled into a collection by a parent object. And this for instance can solve the question of how do I cite many hundred data sets in a publication. If I don't want a huge citation list, you can create a collection and then cite that collection which then cites all the child data sets. And this is an example of collection. You can also resolve that DOI. This is a series of maps of the Lake Baikal region. It's also a supplementary material to an article. So we didn't actually put all the maps into the citation list. At the end of the article we refer to this collection. There are other examples of that as well you can find. And this I think is very useful and elegant solution to bundling many data sets into one collection and then referring to that as one and not as five hundred. One of the things that then appear is we have so far talked about collections and repositories. But now we're approaching where we're in an age where we're not dealing with handcrafted data in all cases anymore. We're starting to use services. And this is certainly a question that will be discussed I think also later today in a workshop that how do we deal with this when we look at it from a services perspective. If it's file based it's easy in that sense that it's easy to identify what we're referring to. A pretty generic approach and it's close to the original record of science because we're working with something that's very close to the original materials and it's easy to make this compliant to the open archival information systems reference model. But when we want to use this in the context of user agents of machines then this would often require manual interventions downloading data and then transforming it into something that machines can use. On the other hand if we you approach this from a services perspective that's machine friendly and the use of the data can be automated but the storage if we store things as a service is not OAAIS compliant. It does not fit with the open archival information systems model and the Pangea database for instance had run into that problem. So now they have to keep a double record. They have to keep the original materials that they receive plus use that as a stage to create the services that they then disseminate. That's certainly a way that you can go to start file based and then transform things into services but there's certainly an ongoing debate and things that need to be solved. Now the international geosample number is something that we develop based on the idea of the digital object identifiers with a slightly different use case and now we're touching on something that is now also called the Internet of Things. The Internet of Things when you look at the Wikipedia definition is the Internet of Things refers to uniquely identifiable objects called things and their virtual representations in an internet like structure and in geology the specimens are one of the basic units of geoscience observations. They are basic units for data reporting because measurements are being done on them and they are also basic units for data discovery access and analysis because people refer to them. So creating access to this information about the samples of specimens is essential for evaluation and interpretation of the specimen based data and certainly it would be desirable to have access to the physical specimens to allow us to build more comprehensive data sets and reuse these resources and the data resources. But until recently there was no standard way to access information about specimens. There are few online repository catalogs, there are very few disciplinary catalogs and the metadata found in the publications is incomplete if anything is reported to all. Just to illustrate the case this is the locations of rock specimens in the EarthCamp database called M1. So you can see that M1 is globally distributed there's a certain fondness for M1 in Japan and in terms of the rock type M1 is anything. So M1 clearly is not a useful name to use it's something that if you find this in the literature it doesn't get you anywhere. But even when the names are unique it doesn't help much if it's not linked to anything. This is a case that I stumbled across when I looked at marine drilling data I wanted to run a model for a sensitivity study and my colleagues told me, you know the numbers you are using in this study they don't seem realistic. Where did you get them from? I said I got them from the literature. Yeah but maybe they got them wrong. So I've edited over this paper and this map and thought should I write to China now to ask for the numbers or should I find, is there any other way that I could hold the numbers? So I recognized SO95-5 and SO95-20 and thought maybe this was a site survey cruise for an international ocean drilling program campaign. So I checked the Pangea database to see whether the cruise SO95 existed and it did. So it gave me a lead to then go to the SEDIS database of the international ocean drilling program or integrated ocean drilling program at the time to see whether the drill holes 1146, 1147, etc existed and yes they were there. And I did find the data I was looking for and I could verify my claim about these numbers. So having this in-depth knowledge of how ocean drilling works I could trace the numbers but it could have been so much easier if the materials had been identified by international geosample numbers. The data were identified by DOIs at least so there would be a way of looking those up if they had been reported but unless there were so there's room for improvement which could look like this. So you start searching for something using your favorite search engine you find the paper that has a DOI to the data sets that are interpreted in this paper and then maybe these data will point you to other papers that are based on different interpretations maybe there's a more detailed data publication in a journal like Earth System Science data and point us to the materials that are the basis of these measurements. That's how things I think will work in the future. We're getting there. We're not the only ones talking to the publishers. There are several initiatives trying to make things more interconnected. Why didn't we use digital object identifiers for specimens? Because digital object identifiers means it's a digital object it's a digital identifier for an object it's not simply an identifier for a digital object so we could have used them for specimens but just historically the German National Library for Science and Technology TRB Hannover didn't want to do that because it wasn't part of their scope this was a really formal decision to go a different way and this was before the data site was founded that they made that decision so we went separate ways it could be discussed to merge the systems again at the moment we're keeping them separate because the use case of dealing with physical specimens called for a different set of rules even though the structures that we put in place are very similar to data site so the governance of these systems is a very important issue the technicalities are fairly simple if you want to base them on the handle service the infrastructure is basically there and then you build services that are technically actually not too demanding but to govern the system in a way that the names are unique that the names are persistent that the links are also as persistent as possible that is a different matter so since IGSN and DOI are both based on the handle system it will be easy to merge IGSN with data site in the future if things go that way we'll see, maybe things will go in a different direction one of the use cases where all of this came into production was the TIRINO Terrestrial Environmental Observatory where I will give you a brief introduction of what it was about it had obviously to do with environmental monitoring it's an infrastructure initiative by the Helmholtz Association in Germany to provide environmental monitoring infrastructure for the scientific community so it's an infrastructure in place that people can then group projects around to use that infrastructure construction started in 2008 and operations plan to run for 25 years it's subdivided into four regional observatories and I was involved with the TIRINO Northeast Partial or Sub-Observatory which has eight study sites 32 platforms and until earlier this year 35 million data entries from various sensors and more platforms being added and the other three regional observatories are of similar scale the idea behind this is that with climate change there will be some areas in Germany that will be more effective than others and affected in different ways these areas of vulnerability have been identified and the regional observatories cover these areas so they're located in the Alps and Pre-Alps in the western mountains looking at river catchment in the central mountains and lowland and then in the north-eastern lowlands then the idea here is to look at the interactions and feedback between different compartments and our ecosystem, the atmosphere, the terrestrial biosphere and the terrestrial hydrosphere and pedosphere so the water and soils but also looking at different scales basically cubic centimetre scale all the way up to whole river catchments and to bridge the gaps between these different scales in the northeast this is fairly spacious spread out over the north-eastern lowlands which is an interesting area from an ecosystem development perspective because it used to be heavily farmed in the middle ages where you can see this cross-section of a soil horizon in the lower right-hand corner where there's a medieval soil covered by windblown material from later times or younger times because actually since the middle ages the area has been decreasingly depopulated and very quickly depopulated in the past 20 years so it's very interesting to see how things changed from intensive agricultural use to almost natural park national park like situations today a particular trait of the northeast observatory is the use of geo-archives this means looking at lakes and trees as long-term archives in the past to then look at processes that happened decades or even centuries ago this means there's a lot of data coming together from four different observatories that is collected into a common catalog but the data are held in the four local systems so the catalog then has to point back to the local databases and the central portal should also help not only to discover data but also to a visualization and access and allow you to download data in the case of the northeast observatory this is the more detailed system architecture and the type is a bit too small to read on the screen but basically it has two parallel branches it has the branch on the left-hand side which is file-based to keep a record of science and it has a branch on the right-hand side for the services the data come in at the top from the sensors in the field by FTP basically over mobile phone networks and collected on an FTP server and when the data import tools recognize that something new has arrived they start a workflow to import data to start with the left-hand side the data are imported into the data infrastructure data storage infrastructure which could also incorporate external data sets and this data storage infrastructure has a metadata editor front-end metadata are mostly added as part of the import process because at the time when they arrive we know what they are so they can automatically be annotated but sometimes the metadata might need some editing so that is what can be done at that stage and then all the different metadata records are harvested transmitted over the OAPMH protocol Open Archives Initiative protocol for metadata harvesting into the geo-network portal software but in the case of this system geo-network serves only one purpose to the translation from OAPMH to CSW the catalog web service so that the catalog entries can then be served to other metadata portals based on OGC standards like the central Torino portal or the German federal data infrastructure or any other metadata portals On the right-hand side is the services and there are some other processes going on that's for instance looking at format transformations transforming things from the original formats they would deliver it in to things that can be used in the services also some initial quality checks that then trigger email alerts to the scientists responsible for certain time series that they should have a look that maybe the sender is broken or something else went wrong and that is then used as a stage to feed data into a post-press database the data model that we used here was the Kuazi data model that's the US hydrological data model we use that because Torino is very much hydrology and Kuazi is a very active community working with those data and has developed a lot of tools and Kuazi standards to deal with these kind of data but one of the requirements in setting up the system was that we had to provide a sensor observation service to serve data and allow users to query the data sets so we use the 52 degrees north SOS data server which has a different data model than the Kuazi data model and to get from Kuazi to S52 north we created views for the views onto the Kuazi model to be conformable with the 52 degrees north data model and that is the sensor observation service that then serves the Torino data portal to all other OGC clients as the screenshot looks like this you can search things in the geographical context and then look at the time series download them, filter them, whatever this gives a good first overview but this is certainly only the starting point to then hook up your OGC compliant client and start working with the data where do I think is this all heading and the proven research is certainly one of the buzzwords around and is now hitting the geological sciences with some delay because the geological sciences getting your hands and data is quite difficult and one of the things going on from DOI is I think will be identified for software it's starting already, Syro is already assigning DOIs to software and this is something that I think is very necessary because similar to data and specimens also software should be identifiable in this persistent way that would create the now missing link between papers and data because then we could understand how the data were processed and interpreted it would also make software recognizable as a scientific achievement which is a gap at the moment something that's not always recognized that creating software is a contribution to science and it would make science more transparent and reproducible so assigning DOI to software is a good start but might not be enough we would also have to think about other questions again the questions of identity versioning or location repository to identify what we are referring to when we say we have an identifier for software then sensor networks are becoming more important in the geological sciences than they had been a few years ago and these sensors can be manifold they can be drilling grids they can be satellites they can be measurements in the field they can be drones or they can be instruments in the lab and at the moment these different subsystems are not well integrated and the ability of creating metadata as the data are being created that that ability is not used to its full potential then with more sensors around we also have more data so we have to find ways of working with very large data sets that are too large to be inspected in detail or even to be loaded into the desk properties a lot of data sets they can easily download from the web are already too big to be handled in your standard desktop software and sometimes the question could be with time series how do you inspect three years of meteorological radar for anomalies you cannot sit down and watch three years of rain radar and also the process of data mining today is mainly numerical and text data but maybe we want to work more with images and quite different other materials not only numbers and characters so with these challenges this also means that processing will have to move from the desktop to the cloud or large data sets and you know this but I think this is something that still needs some research on how we make this operational and then there's linked data which has been around as a buzzword for some time and Tim Berners-Lee formulated these four principles of how heat things linked data should work that you use universal resource identifies to denote things you used HTTP URIs so these things can be referred to and looked up or as you call it dereferenced by people and by machines and then you provide useful information about things using standards like RDF resource description, framework or sparkle it's a query language and then you include these links into other related things when you publish data on the web so this is basically what I showed in this earlier the question with starting to look for papers and then going on to find data and other publications etc the question is how do DOIs fit into this picture of what the linked data community calls cool URIs DOIs being resolvable through HTTP services have a resemblance to that and could be used in the same way but I think we still need to do some thinking about how to bring these two worlds together so in summary persistent identifier now allows to publish site and identify data, specimens and software and as we see from the numbers data publication is now becoming more common the principles of data identification can also be used with other materials and with software and we encountered the same problems but certainly the future publication I think will consist of elements linked by identifiers and the paper will only be the interpretation but it will also provide access to the data to the materials that were used and to the software and workflows more and more of the repositories are now offering application programming interfaces based on linked data principles not all of them yet do but I think that's the way they have to go because that will make them more useful and it also fits with this idea of pushing processing into the cloud rather than downloading and processing on your desktop PC and there's also future data publication whatever publication in my mean will cater for both people as consumers of that publication as well as user agents, machines making use of these publications


My research was about impact assessment of a Red Blast of National Initiative in Kattingan District in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. So I tried to understand how the Red Blast project was implemented on the ground to discover whether the project achieved both environmental goals, including local community behavior on the forest clearing and social economy goals such as community well-being, also to identify the challenges faced by the project on its implementation. In order to get the estimation of the impact of the Red Blast project, I compared the difference between environmental and socio-economic outcomes for the household in the Red Blast area or Intervention area and the household in the non-Red Blast area or control area. I think that understanding the impact of Red Blast can lead to improvements in intervention design in the future and could also help to identify the best types of interventions for achieving the main environmental benefits and co-benefits for the local communities.


dedicated to the strength of the nation. Proudly, we hail. Things from Hollywood, ladies and gentlemen. This is C.P. McGregor speaking. Welcome again to your theater of stars. Proudly, we hail. The United States Army and Air Force presentation. Soon to be a full half hour. Our story is a timely one with a surprise ending. It's called, Apartment for Rent. And it stars the promising young Hollywood actor, Jess Barker. And now, act one. The artist sketch of the apartment house building appeared in the newspaper. It was impressive. Below it were these words. The Edward J. Hanna Company announces the construction of Westview Manor. A new 80-unit apartment which promises to be the finest of its type ever built. Westview Manor was construction news of the kind the Edward J. Hanna Company builders usually made. But the sketch in the newspaper brought only a frown to Steve Benedict, Hanna's construction supervisor. As he looked at it in his downtown office, he shook his head slowly as the buzzer in his office rang. What is it? Your wife, Mr. Benedict. Oh, tell her to come in, will you please? Yes, sir. Thank you. Hello, darling. Hello. Here's my sweetest 12 o'clock kiss for you. What's all this for? For nothing. I'm just impulsive when it comes to you. Don't change. Where are the children? At mothers. Susie's cold better? Oh, not even a sniffle. That's good. But now, what are you doing downtown anyway? Uh, dreaming. Dreaming? That's right. I'm buying house dresses and looking at fur coats. Honey, if it were up to me, you'd have a dozen fur coats. Old man Hanna's got to come through one of these days. Oh, darling, don't worry. Besides, if I had my fur coat in hand, then I couldn't dream about having one, and that would be terrible. Oh, this is the sketch of the apartment. And in the paper, no less. This is it. Well, aren't you pleased? I'm disgusted with the old man. Why? He's going to start taking rentals pretty soon. He's already issued the order. No families with children. Oh, and that's not good with the way things are. You're telling me. Oh, but can't you talk to him? Can't you convince him? Ever try to convince a walrus? No. Come on, sweetheart. I'll take you to lunch. This may be the last chance I'll have until the building is up. Construction on the apartment began, and plenty of headaches along with it. Not just the scarcity of materials. That was difficult enough. There were other things. Much more difficult to face. Oh, Mike. Yeah, boss? Show them we don't move that lumber, will you? Okay, boss. Oh, excuse me, sir. What is it, lady? I realize you just started these apartments, but I wondered if you'd begun renting them. Oh, that's all done through the downtown office of the company, lady. We have nothing to do with it. Oh. Well, just one more thing. Are they accepting children? Lady, you're the tenth person here this morning asking the same question. The answer is no. But why? Don't ask me why. I'm only a hired hand. But my children are well-mannered, and we'll stand good for any damage. I know, I know. But it's the same story all over town. What are we going to do? Lady, I wish I knew. If I had my way, you'd have to have ten children to get a look at these apartments. It was the same story, day after day, though finally I became fed up.  The next day I got my chance and I was a summons to his office. Come in, Steve. Come in. Sit down. Well, how's it coming? Pretty good, Mr. Hannah. We're stuck for plasterboard and I don't know where we're going to get it. Well, keep after it and I'll do the same. I want to get that apartment up. Got a barrel full of money tied up in it. You've got more than that, Mr. Hannah. What do you mean? You've got a responsibility to the families of this town with children. Steve, have you been reading your Boy Scout manual again? Believe me, it's a deplorable situation. Steve, we've been through all this before. I don't want children in my apartment.  That isn't true and you know it. Tell me this. Were you ever in a spot where you had to rent? I was. I once rented a home in Chicago. And you had children, didn't you? My two boys. Did they tear up the place? No, but they were different. Sure they were. Mr. Hannah, you know how serious the rental situation is. I should think out of a sense of responsibility to the community. Oh, bother, Dash. I've got a building, a big investment. I'm going to protect it. Well, I wish you luck. What do you mean? I'm stepping out. I don't want any part of it. Steve, Steve, you're making a mistake. I am. You're getting emotional.  Not at a time like this. What are you getting at? I called you over this afternoon to tell you this. If you get my apartment up on schedule, there's a thousand-dollar bonus for you. Now think it over. I thought it over and it didn't take long the way things were. Just long enough to get home. Mary met me at the door. Oh, darling, you're late. I was worried about you. I had my talk with the old man. Oh, what happened? You get your fur coat. I... He's giving me a bonus. Oh, darling. But what about the rental situation? That's no use. I've used up all my ammunition. You can't fight fire with a water pistol. We pause briefly from our story, apartment for rent, starring Jess Barker to bring you an important message. Man education is important these days. And that's why the regular army and Air Force are offering you young high school graduates the opportunity to continue your studies. In the army or Air Force, you'll have an interesting job with good pay. At the same time, you'll be able to study courses that levels up through college. Those courses you didn't have time for in high school. Many colleges and universities give entrance credits for these courses. You'll receive training in a technical skill, training that will help you advance in the army or later in civilian life. Foreign travel itself is a form of education, and the army and Air Force give you that opportunity, too. Yes, if it's further education you want, it will pay you to investigate an army or Air Force career. Your local U.S. Army and Air Force recruiting officer will give you all the details that no obligation to you. Why not see him right away? You'll have apartment for rent, starring Jess Barker as Steve Benedict, construction superintendent on Westview Manor, the new 80-unit apartment house. Any ideal Steve had about renting Westview Manor, where by now completely lost in a major construction problem, problem was right, plastic board. We couldn't get it anywhere. Old man Hannah was furious. But we finally got a break. Hannah wanted to talk to me. As I walked through his office, I could see the rental booth just opened and the people, but only for a moment.  Steve, I have news for you. Our plastic board problem is lit. It is? The one man in the country who has enough plastic board to get us off the hook happens to be a dear friend of mine, Fred Keppel in Chicago. That's great, Mr. Hannah. I've known the old bandit for years and I'm sure he'll take care of us. Probably stick us plenty on the price if I know him. But there's nothing we can do about that. Now Steve. Yes? I want you to get down to Chicago today and cinch that plastic board. I've wired Fred Keppel your company. That was wonderful news. My thousand dollar bonus was a sure thing now. I felt great until I walked out of Hannah's office. There's the rental booth. They were turning away one of the women who had talked to me at the apartment. She had two kids in tow. They looked an awful lot like mine. My conscience began to speak up and the words weren't pleasant. But what could I do about the rental situation that hadn't already been done? In Chicago, when I got to Fred Keppel's office, I was lower than the sub-basement of the apartment I was building. So you're the man Ed Hannah sent down, isn't it? That's right, Mr. Keppel. How is the old bandit anyway? Just fine. He speaks often of you, too. Oh, that's nice. Well, you're pretty lucky on the plastic board. I can take care of you. Now, dear sir, I'm the only one in the country you can. You can say that again, Mr. Keppel. I'll not only say it, I'll remember it. And I send hand at the bill. So he's putting up an 80-unit apartment. That's right. Costing him plenty, I'll bet. But he'll stick him plenty. He always did. It's a good thing, though. We certainly do need housing. Yes, indeed, Mr. Keppel. Particularly for families with children. Isn't that a deplorable situation? Do you really mean that, Mr. Keppel? I most certainly do. Mr. Keppel, I think you may be the answer to our prayer. I laid my proposition before him. I meant for it hook, line, and sinker. I couldn't wait to get off that plane into a cabin up to old man Hannah's office. Well, Steve, from the look on your face, you must have brought home the bacon. I certainly did. You got enough plastic board to do the job? Just enough. Oh, old man, are we lucky? That's going to save us nine months on that construction. No telling how much in dollars and cents. There's one little string attached to the deal, Mr. Hannah. A string? What do you mean? Price? Didn't he name a figure? Oh, not that, Mr. Hannah. It seems that Fred Keppel is deeply concerned with the housing situation. So what? So there's going to be a little rider on your plastic board contract. You get it. Provided you rent to families with children. Free pastures? He can't do this to me. He's done it. It's either that or no plastic board. You put him up to it. I discussed the problem with him. Well, you get out of here. You're fired. You can't fire me. I go along with the plastic board deal. This is an outrage. This is blackmail. Of a benevolent sort. But I don't understand it. Keppel's a bachelor. He has no kids. Why this sudden interest? You've forgotten, Mr. Hannah. Fred Keppel rented you that house in Chicago. What's that got to do with it? Besides liking the idea of renting to families with children, Fred Keppel said he'd do anything to get even with you. No. For the way your kids played mummels if they'd gone his hardwood floors. There was a picture of Westview Manor in the newspaper's nearing completion. And with this announcement, Edward J. Hannah, builder of Westview Manor, announces all rentals at the new 80-year-old structure will be made on a preferential basis. Families with children receiving first preference. This decision was reached in view of the housing situation and because of the builder's deep and profound feeling of community responsibility. Curtin falls in the final act of apartment for rent. Our star, Jess Barker, will return for a curtain call after this timely message from Wendell Niles. Earn while you learn in the Army or Air Force. You've heard it before and here's what it means. More than half a million servicemen have already earned their high school diplomas while in service. To you high school graduates, it means that while serving in the regular Army or Air Force, you can continue your education. Get the facts on the educational opportunities in an interesting Army or Air Force career. Ask tomorrow at your U.S. Army and Air Force recruiting station. Now here again is our star and our producer. A fine portrayal makes a curtain call a must. Jess, take a bow for a performance that was tops. Thank you, C.P. You're most kind. But I think the bow should come from another direction. I believe I know what you mean, Jess. That's it, C.P. From the hundreds of stations in every town, village and hamlet in America and those men associated with them who so generously provide airtime each week that the message on proudly we hail can reach so many. Take a bow, gentlemen. I'll second that. And, Jess, thanks for your own gracious appearance. It couldn't have happened, C.P., for a more worthwhile sponsor. For now, your audience will want to know the playbill for next time. Next week, Jess, your theater of stars brings you an exciting adventure tale titled The Strange Partnership. And to star in it, we're delighted to present an outstanding favorite of film-goers everywhere, Henry Fonda. That's right, Jess. Henry Fonda on proudly we hail next week. So be sure to join us, won't you? Our thanks again to Jess Barker, who appeared to the courtesy of the Hollywood Coordinating Committee, which arranges the appearances of all motion picture stars on this program. Until next week, this is C.P. McGregor saying thanks for listening and Cheerio from Hollywood.


Yn Yongwch rhywun nopbwysig warn configuration fusins,f na hefyd, ondd ei gwas sour innw Feuer 1, 2, 9, 1 fel sydd yn fydag savings yn cael ei cynnag o gyhoedd digonau grid yn gweithiau Feoedd yn rhan Peter Springref yn sexych, llyw gyntaf, lan-i Gwneith widerwm am ddiangos y TV ninp companies yng Nghymru Nid Oses nhw fel ei gollum ο heddi pan refugee fawr yn hyn, nid o holl fartos, nowr troffwyr mall, dw i ni ar ddim yn cael holl Seven minutes. I'm very pleased that today's motion received cross-party support, and I thank all the members who backed it. As it highlights to me, the Parliament recognises Scotland's role in reducing global warming and the importance of electric car travel in reducing our nation's carbon footprint. As members will know, in December last year, I leased a Nissan Leaf electric car i ddweud o'r rhaid o'r 90 mili i'r mwyntinu ac yn ddafod. Rwy'n gweithio'n gwybod i'r cymwyllt mwy o'r cystidio ar gyfer Skylwch Aber a Badnoch, ddwy'n ddwy o'r llwy o'r cystidio o'r cystidio, ac i ddwy'n ddiwrnod ym Mryddaeth, ychydig i edrych pan oedd yn ddwy o'r cystidio, ond mae'n mynd o wlad gyfosu diwylliannol o'r cymwyllt mwy o'r cystidio, oedd y gyrwyddaeth o'r mawr. Ond mae'n gyfosu o'r Cyllwydd from Inverness to Edinburgh via Fort William, a journey of about 200 miles with only three stops. That could have been two stops if there was a rapid charging point at Calender. That brings me to my first point. There are not enough rapid charge points, particularly in the Highlands and in rural areas. Rapid charge points enable electric cars to get an 80 per cent boost in half an hour. There are fast charge points, but they take considerably longer. The lack of rapid charge points is off-putting to those who might otherwise be interested in purchasing an electric car for longer journeys. That was a waste. Certainly, yes. Ms Crawford, when they happen to draw to my attention at Calender, as I say in my constituency, perhaps if he'd drawn off just a bit further north than going into Cullin, he'd have found a fast charging point. There may well be a fast charging point, but it would take me three hours to get my 80 per cent charge. What I need are rapid charging points that do it in 30 minutes, and that's the point. I do, however, welcome the Scottish Government's commitment to developing the charge network into one of the most comprehensive set of rapid charge points in Europe. By the way, I stopped at the Greenwelly stop, which isn't far from Cullin, but I needed the extra stops. My second point is that there needs to be charge point reliability, without which extra charge points will be rendered meaningless in the public's perception of an electric car as a lesser motor vehicle and one that is used only for shorter journeys will remain. I welcome to the Parliament today members of the Electric Vehicle Association of Scotland, including their chair Douglas Robertson and his son Ian. They have been very helpful in the lead-up to this debate, and I applaud their efforts in promoting and representing the interests of electric vehicle users in Scotland. If they wait at the bottom of the stairs after the debate, I will come round and see them. There has been some negative press about the Scottish Government wasting money on providing rapid chargers in the rural north, so it was with delight that I learned that the Electric Vehicle Association in Scotland will be hosting an event in June to highlight the many benefits of electric car travel in rural areas. I remember except for the intervention. To me, it is a bit of a check in the next situation. A lot of people want to go to electric cars, but they do not do it because there are no rapid charging points and there are no rapid charging points because there are not any cars. How do you think we can address this particular issue? Have the charge points first? I thank the member for his intervention. Yes, we need to get the charge point network sorted and I will be coming on to that later. There are more and more electric vehicles coming on to the road, especially all electric vehicles that need the rapid charge points. The hybrids can run for a wee bit on petrol and diesel, but the whole point is that we need to move away from petrol and diesel. Of course, it is much cheaper with the electric as well. The group hopes that the support that it has received from Transport Scotland, the Energy Saving Trust, Visit Scotland, Green Tourism and Electric Vehicle dealerships will result in electric vehicle road shows where local people will be able to test drive an electric vehicle. I can tell you that minus and leaf will do 0 to 60 in 11 and a half seconds. It is very nippy and it is very economical. Will the Prime Minister give me a little bit of extra time if I take more interventions? I am grateful to Dave Thompson not just for taking the intervention but for bringing the debate to Parliament. I think that, rather differently from Kenny Gibson's question, Orkney has the highest per capita take-up of electric vehicles and demonstrates the clustering effect. Does he believe that, as part of the exercise that Transport Scotland and others are engaged in, building up those clusters, as well as the network, is going to be important? I think that that is a very important point that the member raises. Those clusters and the confidence that people have in being able to get the charges when they need them are vital. The Scottish Government has supported rural petrol stations in the past and can revitalise rural areas just following on from this point, I believe, by providing electric vehicle charging points. Those can be fixed in with cafes and shops, where local people and visitors might wish to use while their cars are charging. That should be considered, I believe, as a way of providing a new infrastructure for the modern age in rural areas and could be a real boon to those rural areas. That investment would also help to encourage more electric car use and ownership in rural areas and would allow folk to tap into cheaper forms of transport, such as one of the many lease options such as mine, which are available from most electric vehicle dealers. The total cost of ownership can be considerably less for electric vehicles, with maybe £25 a mile being possible. Taxes could save anything up to £9,000 a year on fuel costs. Indeed, I was tagged on Twitter and Tuesday by someone who enthused that he had seen an electric taxi in Edinburgh and, like me, he was calling for more. I have also received messages of support from many people on the run-up to this debate, and I would like to quote one in particular, Mr Gill, who got in touch recently, who shares my concerns. He tells me that it is incredibly difficult to get to and from the Isle of Skye with an electric car. I can testify to this myself, and it is essential that the Shieldbridge rapid point and the Broadford rapid points are working as soon as possible. I am due to go to Skye next a week tomorrow, and if those points are not working, I will have to hire a diesel or petrol car to get to Skye. Maybe the minister can help me by ensuring that those two rapid charge points are working next week. Mr Gill's wife Heather also tried to use the Brockston rapid charger at Perth. There are two rapid chargers on the site, however, one of them was offline completely, just not working. The second unit, apparently, has been installed for about a year, but has not been powered up. She was very fortunate to be able to divert to South Ancient Perth, where the charger did function, but only after she had to hold the connector in place, because some of the old connectors, the levers, are breaking and they will not stay in the car. The newer ones are much better, so we need the old ones to be replaced with newer ones as quickly as possible. I am just coming to a conclusion, Presiding Officer. That goes back to my earlier point that, while improvements in the network have been made and there are plans for more rapid charge points, there must be a concerted effort to streamline the whole charging experience for the user. We cannot possibly hope to increase electric vehicle ownership unless maintenance of the network is of an exemplary standard, and that must be our aim. It is essential that electric car travel in Scotland becomes more efficient and that reliable rapid charge points become the norm. I would like to take this opportunity to encourage electric car use in Skylachaber and Badnoch across the country as a means to reduce our carbon footprint. I call on all members in the chamber to campaign in their constituencies to make electric car travel more prevalent. Finally, I look forward to hearing more about the good work of the Electric Vehicle Association in Scotland. What they are doing to promote and to design the interests of electric vehicle users is first class, and I hope that members will consider getting along to their electric car events in June. Thank you very much and good afternoon, Presiding Officer. I thank Dave Thomson for bringing this debate today. The expansion of electric vehicle charges network across the UK in recent years is a welcome contribution to reducing CO2 emissions. The more convenient and cost effective it is for people to have electric or hybrid vehicles, the more demand will increase. Until now, a lot of investment in fast or rapid charging points has focused on areas with high volume of traffic such as urban areas and motorways. Now in Scotland is reaching a point where we need to invest in vehicle infrastructure for semi-rural areas and rural areas where people are much more dependent on their cars for short journeys. In Glasgow, there is reasonable coverage of electric car charging points, but no superchargers or rapid chargers. As the demand is high, there are often not enough spaces for people to charge their cars. Glasgow has had free charging points for electric cars for several years. As a number of users in plug-in vehicles increased, there began to be disputes where hybrid or electric cars were part in those spaces but were not actually plugged in. In other areas, owners of electric car vehicles were upset that the charging facilities were being used by hydro cars. Earlier this year, the city council introduced a £3 per hour levy for street side electric car charging. I feel that this introduction of charging is a step backwards. If cars can usually have two-hour free parking, then two hours of charging should also be free and a bit to encourage more electric vehicles in our cities. Electric car charging network also needs to keep up with technology. There are only three Tesla superchargers in Scotland which deliver 120 kilowatts of direct current in Scotland, and sadly none of them are in the west coast. So if someone in Glasgow wants access to a supercharger, they need to travel around 50 miles to get one. Surely this is unacceptable or in fact unsatisfactory. Charging of electric cars is as much part of our transport infrastructure as are our roads and can become an integral part of our tourist industry as we know it. So, Presiding Officer, I take this opportunity to call upon all governments and that's local governments, regional governments, Westminster, the European Union and even the UN to encourage private and public industry to play a fuller role in providing additional power points, superchargers, in supermarkets, service stations and other places of tourist destinations in a bid to encourage and enhance the service that is being provided currently. Presiding Officer, I also want to go on to say that I totally agree with Tomson in terms of if you want to make sure that this industry and the service actually flourishes, we've got to give people the provision to do that. I think that it's a great opportunity for the Scottish Parliament to take the lead in this perhaps to show the rest of the UK and other countries that this is the future for us and we need to make sure that we continue to do this which will enhance the quality of life for all of us together. I'm grateful to Dave Thompson for bringing this important issue to the chamber and I was certainly pleased to support his motion when it was circulated. There's no doubt that electric vehicles have an important role to play in a decarbonised transport sector alongside demand management and greater levels of active travel. There's a continuing need to do more to secure greater numbers of EVs on Scotland's roads. With recent technological advances, electric vehicles are now an efficient and realistic method of transportation that will not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but will also improve air quality and thereby the health and wellbeing of the people of Scotland. However, it's one thing to acknowledge this fact and quite another to implement it. The Scottish Government has already taken measures to increase the appeal of those EVs. However, a major hindrance to consumer appeal has been the availability of plug-in stations and, as Dave Thompson has highlighted, the lack of rapid electric charging points. If we want to encourage the use of electric cars, we must ensure that they are a viable option for everyday use. In doing so, we can look to countries that have implemented those measures with varied success, such as Norway and Germany, as case studies. Norway's had a huge success in the EV market and now holds the world's highest number of electric cars per capita by a wide margin. In fact, it's previously been suggested that there's an opportunity for Scotland to learn from the Norwegian experience, not just in this, I hasten to add. For example, Oslo has the highest density of EVs in the world, and they're also using priority measures such as giving EVs access to bus lanes. I'd be interested to hear from the minister what role the forthcoming national framework of incentives will place on priority measures for EVs. Norway's success corresponds with its incentives for zero-emission vehicles, including exemptions from road tolls, free parking in ten centres, access to bus lanes and import tax, calculated on the basis of a car's CO2 emissions, nitrogen oxide emissions, effect and weight. Further more, the Norwegian Government has voted on a cross-party consensus to uphold these financial incentives until 2018 or until there are 50,000 zero-emission vehicles on the road, thereby tuning the system to penalise cars with higher emissions and reward those with lower emissions. Those measures have been successful in nudging consumers to purchase more eco-friendly vehicles and adjusting the Norwegian mindset to support this movement. A huge part of Norway's success in implementing viable EV market incentives was the availability of charging points, which was made possible through a massive governmental push for charging infrastructure that resulted in an increase from less than 200 charging stations in 2009 to over 7,000 publicly accessible plug-ins for EVs throughout the country and an online centralised database called NOBEL to maximise the benefits of information available from them. Something similar to that might help Dave Thompson when he is searching for a rapid charging point in North Stirlingshire. Germany, surprisingly by contrast, has been slow to adopt similar measures and its EV market is suffering for it. Germany is one of the leading sustainable energy markets in the world, as we know, yet its EV movement has been rather stagnant, particularly due to its lack of charging stations. At the end of 2014, Germany only had 100 fast charging DC stations and 4,800 level 2 charging stations, creating a relatively low density of charging infrastructure for over 600,000 kilometres of roads, especially when considered against Norway's 7,000 plug-ins with only one sixth of the total road network. I am running out of time. Here in Scotland, during the Racky Committee's visit to Orkney in June to take evidence on land reform, I encountered a similar situation on the island of Rousey, where, in the spring of 2014, Rousey, Eaglesea and Wire Development Trust co-ordinated an electric car project in which three areas of Orkney were awarded the cost of leasing four electric vehicles for one year. At the beginning of the leases, there were a limited number of charging points. That was especially problematic on Orkney due to its landscape. However, more charging points were installed, the problem was largely resolved and the project was considered so successful that two of the islands renewed their leases on the electric cars. Even the trust that organised the project bought an electric car of their own. Before the project, there were only 10 EVs in Orkney and now there are over 70 electric vehicles in a population of 21,500. Closing climate change is very much on the Scottish Government's radar. The recent percentage reduction on emissions demonstrates that Scotland is more than three quarters of the way to achieving its climate change target of reducing emissions targets by 2020. Encouraging the EV market will help us to attain that goal, taking advantage of Scotland's abundant renewable sources for electricity to power those vehicles and create a cleaner, greener, more sustainable Scotland. I am pleased that we have the opportunity today to discuss the need for electric cars rapid charging points, because it highlights the widest subject of embracing technology in our response to climate change. I think that Mr Thompson has hit the nail on the head when he pinpoints human ingenuity as a source of smarter ways to reduce carbon emissions. Innovation is indeed the greatest source of progress, and we would do well to embrace the technological change as the best way to tackle climate change in a sustainable, cost-effective and transformational way. Trafalb by electric car is one of these innovations that can make a real lasting difference, and it is right that we consider how best to encourage it, taking into account the limitations as well as the opportunities. Colleagues will be aware of the benefits of electric cars, and it is good to see them highlighted today. Trafalb by electric car can reduce your carbon footprint, which seems to be an increasing important concern for some consumers when selecting a car. However, it would be unrealistic to expect this to be the only criteria since cost, reliability and range are all important factors for such drivers. Such practical concerns must be addressed if we are to see a widespread uptake of electric cars, so my colleague Mr Thompson is quite right to highlight the importance of rapid charge points. This is a particularly important point, because the range of the batteries used can be very short compared to that offered by a full tank of fuel. It is difficult to compromise here, since the funding of new charge points has to be measured against the frequency of their use, hence the fact that some of them do not work if they are not used frequently. Indeed, I have seen reports of some charging stations being left unused for long periods of time, which does put the inevitable question mark over how justified it would be to divert resources from elsewhere to provide them. Of course, we could end up in a circular argument here, because the uptake of electric cars can depend on the availability of charge points in the first place. Clearly, a balance has to be struck that takes into account the benefits of investments in rapid charge points as well as potential opportunity costs. The key theme that I would like to support in the motion is the use of environmentally friendly travel options like electric cars, and it is about the practical points as much as the green credentials. Increased availability of charging points and rapid ones at that is obviously a good place to start, but I think as a whole we should put our energy into supporting efforts to improve the practicality in the first place. I am no engineer, so I have no idea about the final details, but we surely have a wealth of talent in Scotland that has, and we will continue to deliver technology through innovative thinking. With the right environment and the right support, I believe that the problems around the need for charging points can be addressed for the long term by increasing ranges in the first place. I am sure that we would all agree on this, and we would like to do this opportunity to underline my support and acknowledgement of human ingenuity that makes this progress possible. According to the Presiding Officer, I am glad that we have had this opportunity to discuss the use of electric cars and the challenges that they drivers face. I think that the key message that I hope we can take away from this debate is that long-term and sustainable progress is made by human ingenuity, and such planning is the second example that we in Parliament should applaud. I now call on Minister Derek Mackay to make a closing speech on behalf of the Government. Up to seven minutes are there by these ministers. Thank you, Presiding Officer. First of all, I would like to congratulate Dave Thompson for securing this debate and raising awareness of the uptake of electric vehicles and all necessary matters. First of all, Dave Thompson, as he has described, practises what he preaches in the respect of having an electric vehicle. I do not want you to think that Transport Scotland is slow to act. I have an immediate update from officials on the matters that have been raised. I do not understand the full note, but I am sure that officials will be able to explain the full technicalities in detail to Mr Thompson before his trip. I understand that one or two of the charging points that were raised have been fixed. In terms of the visit via Shillbridge, work is commissioned and awaiting final testing. At Broadford, work is delayed due to the way-leave agreement, but it is aimed to commission this by the end of April. I have no idea what that means, Presiding Officer, but I am sure that the official as present will be able to explain to Mr Thompson. Side points made absolutely that the Scottish Government supports the increased use of electric vehicles and increased uptake as we move away from fossil fuel burning vehicles. It is the only way that will make progress on our greener, cleaner country. Such transformation is absolutely significant, so the Government will continue to support in every way that we can through the national transport strategy, through Chargeplace Scotland, through our individual packages of support for electric vehicles. Indeed, our overarching vision for transport is a completely decarbonised vision, and we absolutely need to move towards electric vehicles for air quality, for the environment and for personal behaviour. We are supporting electric vehicles through individual initiatives such as the switched on fleets scheme, which is supporting the purchase of electric vehicles across Scotland. That has included the Highland region specifically. We are also looking at the issues of incentives and what more we can do. Hans Alemanick picked on a fair point on the charging issue, which is certainly worth further consideration. As is enhancing the infrastructure, which is a partnership approach across the public and the private sector, showcasing electric vehicles is necessary, and that is why the exhibitions that have been referred to will be so important, and showcasing the positives of electric vehicles. We are making progress. There are now over 2,000 electric vehicles on Scotland roads. In 2014, there were over 800 electric car sales in Scotland, which used the UK Government's plug-in car grant. That was more than the previous three years combined. The 2015 sales figures have yet to be confirmed, but they tell us that even more vehicles have been sold using the scheme between January and September. We are beginning to build up accelerated progress to deliver more electric vehicles. To Kenny Gibson's question and point, I suppose that the infrastructure has to be in first so that the vehicles can operate, providing confidence and availability. The main point of the debate was around the availability of charging points and more is being done to increase the number of charging points and the availability of the infrastructure because of increasing demand. I hope that more vehicles are purchased. Home charging and domestic charging are also important, and there have been more installations in some of the support schemes to deliver that. Demand has surpassed availability of funding, and that is something that I will look very closely at as we go forward with transport delivery policies. Equally, I would like big employers, particularly, to look at their policies on sustainable transport and their initiatives so that they can expand the charging points with the public sector and the purchase of vehicles. The use of electric vehicles in going about business is important. I could list the areas that have benefited from grant schemes, but I do not think that time would allow it. Other than to say in Dave Thomson's constituency in Skai Elchabar in Beinarch, that alone we have installed nine rapid chargers with a further five planned, and charge points are hosted and maintained by local authorities and other premises. We appreciate their on-going partnership and the delivery of the networks. There is more to do, and we will continue to do that in view of what is happening across networks in Europe. I do think that Scotland has made good progress, but we want to achieve much more. Scotland has gained a strong reputation on the work that we have done on uptake of electric vehicles. That is why we will continue to provide leadership and resources to develop the Charge Place Scotland network in order to meet the needs of the growing electric vehicles market. Wide-spread electric vehicle adoption will require more than just government alone, but that partnership approach from the public and the private sector is a clear need for government-led activity to deliver the transport strategy that we have set out and our vision for a decarbonised road network. The modal shift is well, but those who are using increasingly electric vehicles are using them because of the emissions issue. For all those reasons, I commend Dave Thompson for his work, his support, his campaigning and encouraging all MSPs to campaign in their own areas to help to raise awareness of the benefits of electric vehicles and then lead to further investment. For the Government's part, we will continue to support infrastructure and direct incentives to support that very cost. I thank you all for taking part in this debate. I now suspend this meeting of Parliament until 2 o'clock.


Welcome, welcome to Utrecht 2018, second edition, great to have you here. Today is just one day we have talks and workshops and we have tomorrow we have a community day. Later on that's very few slides. Let's talk about a few things first, we have social media and please share as much as you can. We can share on Facebook, Twitter or Instagram, use hashtag WCUT in capitals please. Anyone know why? Accessibility of course because the screen readers read only the letters which are capitalized. If it's not there we cut or something like that. Anyway, use social media, share pictures, share and go ahead. I'm curious, who is the first time on this word camp or a word camp ever? Who's the first time? Fingers. Great, thank you. And who thought, I just go there because I saw it on my dashboard. Anyone? No. Who thought it might be because of social media? Did you see any posts or did you get invited by someone? No. Oh a few, okay so that means actually social media is not interesting for you. Doesn't matter. Anyway, welcome. The WordPress community is a great community. Join us if you want to on-boarding session which is after this one and workshop track 2. We'll tell you more about the WordPress community but if you don't want to go on-boarding, finally just follow some talks. Anyway, we have a few rules I want to share with you. Is there anyone having a red lanyard? There are a few, okay. So if somebody was a red lanyard please don't take pictures of him or her. Now that I've come to pictures we have a photographer. Just give him your profile picture if you want to, just ask him and give me your receipt and he will take a picture for you. It can be a picture in his mobile studio or it can be a picture just all around. And he will be taking pictures of the event as well and what do you tend to do? Are you going to share it on... Oh okay. Okay we will share the link of this album and then you can get your own pictures from the album. Is it fine with you? That's our gift for you as an experience. We have another experience that's, there he is, he's doing massage. He's next door, just give him a seat and make an appointment or if he's free he can massage you right away. It's a 10 minute massage, just a quick one but just give you a good feeling. Sure, sign up at the registration desk. Alright we have signed the registration. Okay so that's fine, we'll do that. Thank you. Right, schedule for today we have this, somewhere behind the speaker, we have in this room we have the talks. And the talks are just for listening and participating is not what was done here, only participating in listening. Interesting schedule, then we have on track 2 and track 3 we have the workshops. Lots of you have already signed up for the workshops, there are still spots available. So don't think there are any spots available, just go ahead and see if you can grab a chair or a table and do fun things. Yes, and finally we have contributor sessions which is on the area here. It's the same as the contributor day you use to see and work around. We decide to merge them and have them in one day. So if you want to help and contribute on the code etc. translating support we can go there and contribute to WordPress and give back to WordPress. Right, tomorrow we have community day, always be careful, community day is the day we will do fun things together. You were allowed to sign up earlier when you purchased the tickets and this is an event we will do without computers. So it's about meeting each other, talk to each other and have fun with each other. Details will be posted online, it's not here, it's at Eagley headquarters. It has just been posted. It's just been posted already, thank you very much for it. So if you want to have more information we will tell you more at the closing details. Also it's online, the address, the time etc. the time is at 10 o'clock. And it will be Sponsoria. So kind of scavenger hunt where we have to find the sponsors in the beautiful city of Utrecht. Pretty bags, that's what you all came for I think. Pretty bags will be handed out at quarter past one, that's during lunch. And now it's time for renouncing the sponsors who made this all available. We have Platinum sponsors Eagley and give them a big hand for more slides. We have the Gold sponsors Bluehost, GoDaddy, The Oaks Collection, The Oaks Outlet. Private sponsors, we have Bronze, Howard Smile English and JavaScript. And our private sponsor, that's Anton, also known as Microsponsors, BlockMesh, In-N-Mortem, Minotopia, Walksoft and WPprojects.G. Because without them it wouldn't have been possible to make this all, without them it wouldn't have been possible to arrange a woodcamp like this. Thank you, thank you, thank you.


My name is Adriana Jara. I'm a developer advocate in Chrome OS. I will share five tips to make your PWA stand out in a good way. Earlier this year, I was a developer on a progressive web app here at Google. And in the beginning, our users had a lot of questions about PWA's. How do you install a website? What happens if you don't install it right away? What happens when you are offline? How does it manage local resources? These are the lessons I learned from answering their questions. Hopefully, they'll help you build and experience your users we love. Here we go. Number one, there to be offline. When a user is offline, they don't expect to be able to get to a website. Let alone enjoy any of its features. As a developer, you might even be convinced that your app just doesn't make sense offline. And because a PWA requires an offline experience, you can create a custom page that asks users to come back later when there is a connection. Instead, how about creating different features? You can't give users full functionality, but some parts could still work with the use of device storage and caching. For example, users can't get to the latest posts, but they could interact with previously retrieved posts. They could comment and add reactions. You can save those interactions locally and sync them later when they are back online. Brand new searches are impossible, but if you have cashed recent results, the answer they are looking for may be there. The result? Happy user. And you didn't even need the internet. By the way, since you don't know when a user is going to be offline or when the phone is going to be turned off, it's a good practice to save snapshots in workflows so that the users don't lose a lot of work in case of an interruption. Number two, use device storage wisely. On the web, our apps seem to have unlimited storage, but in a device, it's a different story. There are hard limits. Keep tabs on how much space is available. You don't want your app to just stop working in the middle of recording a video. You can use Storage Manager to calculate available space and then show the user warnings so they can take action. Also, choose wisely which method is more appropriate to save the local data. Some options are Cache API, which, by the way, can be accessed directly from the window object. It doesn't need to go through a service worker. IndexedDB, a good use case here are operations that need a transaction. Or the native file system API. It is not fully available yet, but you can start to experiment with it. Check out the link in the description for more info. Also, don't keep local data longer than necessary. Once you can sync the data to the cloud, free app space in the device. And clear all local data when appropriate. For example, when the user signs out. Number three, embrace multi-device journeys. Users have multiple devices. They jump from one another and pick up where they left. At least that is their expectation. As users, we want to start a task on our computer and send it to our phone to be continued and vice versa. It is pretty convenient to take a picture with our phone, but also a big screen and a keyboard are nice to edit photos and type captions. Another example is content consumption. We consume content on our phone in a different way than we do on a larger screen. Users want to be able to take advantage of the real estate that is available and consume content in the most efficient and enjoyable way for them. Building different layouts also helps with making your app more accessible and inclusive. Your users know that no matter what device they are using, your app will provide the appropriate experience for their journey across different form factors. Number four, bring your users with you. Progressive web apps are still new for users. They might not realize they have landed on a website with special capabilities. Help them along the way. Prompt your users to install your app when it is convenient. For a while, we used the browser's default prompt. Unfortunately, it would interrupt our users. In the middle of our getting started flow, the prompt would go away and users would forget to install our app. Now, you can capture the before-installed prompt event and prompt the users at a later time. You can use headers, banners, menus, and others. I added a link to an article in the description that walks you through different patterns. You can also help your users by adding tips in your UI the first time they go through a workflow. You can highlight things like what data will be available offline or what parts of your app will work in the background. Finally, don't ask for permissions until the user is trying a specific feature. Don't ask for camera access until the user is going to take a picture. This makes the user understand why you need permissions and they will be more willing to grant them. Number five, beware of service workers. Service workers are powerful and are central in implementing several of my tips. For example, you can use background sync to upload large amounts of data, even when the app is closed. They also make possible to make good use of notifications and re-engage your users. Maybe to remind your users of unfinished tasks or of new content. However, service workers can be tricky. The best approach is to generate it. There are tools like Workbox that can help you generate a service worker with the strategies your app needs. Finally, keeping your service worker code to a minimum will also make your app easier to test. This way, you'll implement behaviors in helper classes that can be better unit tested. Thank you for watching. I hope you got some new ideas to make your PWA give users the best of the web and native experiences. I include the links in the description to help you implement these tips. Don't forget to subscribe and share with your friends.


Hey there, Chad Bynes, you're here and on the fourth floor you will also find the current periodical section. There's where you'll find some print journals, the academic scholarly research journals, okay, and you will also find a bunch of magazines that we have in print, too. So not necessarily all the magazines and journals we have in the library, but the ones we have in print that are the newer issues will be here on the fourth floor in current periodicals. Around the corner from current periodicals, we actually have the leisure reading collection and the OPI collection. So this is the leisure reading and the OPI collection. Here you'll find books such as Twilight. So if you're looking for like a nice fun read to read in between classes to kind of clear your head a little bit, this is a great place to find books like Twilight, which is one of my personal favorites, of course. You also find the OPI books. These books are geared towards students whose primary language is not English. So if English is your second language, these are good books that are geared towards you and are written in such a way to help you better understand English. Right around the corner from the OPI and leisure reading collection is the children's collection. And here you'll find a really nice collection of children's books and picture books. If you're looking for books of that nature, those will be right around the corner here on the fourth floor as well. So this is the newspaper collection here, and this is what we have in print newspapers, although we do have a lot of newspapers online, of course. But here you'll find things like the Columbus Dispatch, Washington Post, New York Times, Chicago Tribune, LA Times, things like that. But you'll also find a number of international newspapers. These are good for people who are here from another country want to read their native newspaper and their native language, but they're also good for folks who are studying another language or a second language here at Ohio University. So if you're looking for a to better understand Chinese or Japanese or Korean or Arabic, you might want to read one of the international newspapers to help you become more familiar with that language.


I would like to send my warmest wishes to the Indian community in Wales and to all those around the world who will be celebrating Diwali today. The celebrations this year will need to be different as we continue to tattle the pandemic and I would ask everyone to take all the necessary measures to stay safe, protect yourselves, your families and others. These are worrying times but I have been really encouraged by the way in which communities including of course the Indian community in Wales have come together to help each other and to support the most vulnerable in our society. Together we are stronger and can get through these difficult times. We are fortunate in Wales to have an amazing NHS which includes so many from the Indian community and that has been at the forefront of the battle against coronavirus and huge efforts have been made to help us through the pandemic. I'm delighted that partners including the Indian community have helped us prepare a range of virtual events to Mark Diwali highlighting the strong relationship that exists between India and Wales. I hope that you will have the opportunity to join some of these events during the week ahead. Diwali is a time to mark the triumph of hope over despair so as we celebrate the festival let us look forward with hope to a more positive future beyond the current crisis. My very best wishes for a happy Diwali to you all.


On this quick look, the National Weather Service has issued an excessive heat watch. And for Father's Day, that's when we're looking for that high near 107. Not only for the Central Valley, Sacramento Valley, all around the bay and inland areas, where temperatures can be excessively hot. Just in time for summer break, potentially dangerous heat is hitting much of California this weekend. The National Weather Service has released an excessive heat watch starting on Friday afternoon all the way through the weekend. Valley highs are expected to hit the upper 90s and many areas of California the temperatures will exceed the century mark. Reading could have 106 degrees on Sunday, Sacramento 103 and Fresno 106 degrees. If you're headed to the desert areas of Southern California, Palm Springs is forecast to hit a toasty 114 degrees on Monday. To get a closer look at the areas where you live, visit the new heat risk tool on the National Weather Service website. It can give you a full week ahead look at the hottest places throughout the state of California. Here's our quick tips to beat the heat. If you're going to be outdoors, limit your strenuous activity, fine shade and be sure to drink lots of water. And since the heat may take some by surprise, take a minute to check on your friends, an elderly neighbor or a loved one. Don't forget the dangers of cars. Never leave kids or pets unattended. Look before you lock. And that's our quick look for now. For more information, follow us on Twitter, Instagram and give us a thumbs up on Facebook. You can also find us on OESNews.com anytime.