So far in this module, we have been discussing the various questions that we should consider as we design our research. Let us now bring in examples of some research projects and how they address some of these questions. The first of our questions was about the nature of knowledge that we are seeking. We know that in order to articulate this, we need to define a research question. Our first example focuses on the research question framed by a design team working on a healthcare project. This process helped them understand the nature of the problem their design was trying to address. The state of Bihar has a vast and dense network of public health centers. The government employs many healthcare workers who go from village to village administering vaccines to newborn children and pregnant women. However, the frequency and regularity of vaccination is low and many people do not get their regular dosage of vaccines. An international NGO working on improving healthcare services in developing countries wanted to work on this problem. They approached a design consulting firm based in New Delhi, the Center for Knowledge Societies or CKS, and asked them to design interventions for improving vaccination services in the state. Let us pause a moment to reflect on the nature of this problem. In your opinion, what is the challenge that the team at CKS has to address? Option A, people not coming for regular immunizations. Option B, insufficient public healthcare services. Option C, low frequency of vaccinations. And option D, none of the above. Select an answer from the options on the screen. Let us discuss your answers. Some of you may have selected option A. This may or may not be correct. We cannot tell unless we actually look into the matter. The same is true for option B. There may be sufficient healthcare services in the state, but people may not be accessing them for reasons we are unaware of. Some of you might have selected option C. It is true that the frequency of vaccination is low. That is the problem that the NGO wanted to address. But this is only a symptom of the problem. What causes low frequency of vaccination when there are enough vaccines and a large network of healthcare services? This is the question that the designers and researchers at CKS had to address. The team at CKS realized that the brief they had been given was too vast and vague for them to address directly or effectively. So they carried out some groundwork. They began by reading up on vaccination in poorer districts of India. They interviewed experts in public healthcare and maternal and childbirth. They visited rural and peri-urban public healthcare centers from where public vaccination drives are managed and deployed. They conducted observations and interviews with ground-leveled healthcare workers to understand the scenarios in which they work. All of these inputs helped them to understand the nature of the problem. And thus they were able to go beyond the brief they had been handed and articulate a nuanced research question. The research question they came up with was where are the missing children? Which translated into where are the children who are not being vaccinated? This question was broken down by the team into a set of sub-questions. And by exploring these sub-questions the team was able to understand the causes and the factors that is the wise and the house of low vaccination rates in the state. And this study led them to design interventions that address the causes of low immunization. For those of you who might be interested in learning more about the research and design process that the team followed and the interventions that they designed you can access the report here. And as always there is a quiz to help you revise and reflect on what you learnt. Let us move ahead now to another aspect of designing a research. One of the questions we had posed to ourselves was how do we know if ethnography is the method we need for our study? Let us take two examples here each from application focused fields design and brand strategy. In the first example a designer decides to use ethnography as part of a toy design project. Designer Neha Parik was given a brief to design a low cost toy that would appeal to lower middle class and middle class children of primary school age living in cities. As you can see this brief does not suggest very much Neha decided to redefine the brief. She started with expanding the focus of her study from looking at toys to exploring all play like activities among children. Before she got down to designing she wanted to understand what playing means to children. What are the multiple ways in which children play? How do they invent play like activities? In what all ways do they enjoy playing? As you can tell her questions revolved around an activity and the perceptions associated with that activity. You may recall that these are two of the areas where an ethnographic study is more suitable. Moreover it was important for Neha to investigate the subject of play by observing it as it happened. And so she chose ethnography as her primary research method. She and her team spent time with children in their homes and in playgrounds. They observed them as they played games, invented new ones and interacted with playmates. The ethnographic method enabled her to carry out observations of the activity of play and these observations fed into her understanding of the activity. It's many aspects and the meanings it held for children. This helped her identify aspects of playing that she might not have otherwise thought of. Such as the role of play in building relationships among children and between children and adults. The many ways in which children use their bodies and imaginations to create fun situations. And the desire of parents for toys and games to be educational for their child. These insights eventually led her and her team to design several new games and toys. The second example towards this question is from the field of brand strategy. Satish Krishnamurthy, a brand strategist at sideways consulting, was asked to come up with a branding and marketing strategy for a new fintech app that would allow small shop owners to accept cashless and cardless payments from their customers. While the question itself was quite pointed, it required him to understand a rather large set of activities. He needed to understand the various kinds of financial transactions that take place in different kinds of small retail shops. This was quite a huge range of transactions to understand. And given that personalized fintech apps are relatively new, there wasn't much existing research that he could fall back on. Without the support of existing research, he would have to learn for himself through on-ground engagements and observation. So he chose ethnography as the research method. Let us pause here a moment. You might remember we had listed out four broad areas that are suitable for exploration through ethnography. Perceptions, relationships, social activities, identities. In choosing ethnography, Satish would be exploring one of these. Was Satish's research about any of these four areas? If so, which ones? Some of you might have said that none of these areas necessarily falls in the domain of Satish's brief. Others may have selected option C. But the brief given to Satish is all about financial activities. What is the social activity here? Some of you have selected option B. But does Satish need to focus on interactions between shop owners and their customers? Well, options B and C are correct. Let us understand how. Satish's research is about the financial activities of people in retail stores. He needs to understand what kinds of transactions take place at these shops and what is the nature of those transactions. Using ethnographic methods, he can observe these activities. And importantly, buying and selling is as much a social activity as it is a financial one. A lot of what happens in a shop is social. People exchange greetings, ask questions to each other. Shopkeepers often advise customers and influence their buying decisions. And there is bargaining and haggling too. All of these are social activities and interactions. And they can be observed closely by using ethnographic methods. And did some of you select option A? Is this a situation where Satish is trying to understand people's perception of monetary transactions in a shop? Let us see. By using ethnography, Satish was able to observe transactions at the shop in the context in which they were carried out. He followed up these observations with interviews with shopkeepers and attendants. This helped him make sense of the shopkeeper's business and their relationship with their customers. He was able to understand what they thought of as a profitable and efficient transaction. And what kind of transactions were unprofitable for them. In short, he learned of the shopkeeper's perception of their customers, their transactions and their business. So yes, this was a study where the researcher attempted to understand people's perception of phenomena they were involved in. And so ethnography was the correct choice here. All of these insights and learning fed into the strategy he finally designed for the FinTech company. He outlined kinds of businesses and shops the app should cater to and what existing challenges it should try to address. We hope that these examples give a fair idea of how we may articulate our research question and where we may use ethnography as our research method. In our next section, we will take some more examples addressing other questions on our list.


Very good evening aspirants. Welcome to the hindi news analysis by Shankar Ayes academy for the date 24th of july 2021. These are the list of news articles taken for today's discussion. They have been provided along with the page numbers of these articles in different editions of hindi newspaper. Today we are going to discuss many environment related topics. So pay attention because they are important not only from the mains perspective but also from the prelims perspective because we know that in prelims we can expect at least one to five questions related to environment part of our syllabus. So now let us move to the discussion of our first news article which is based on this editorial article. This editorial talks about the microplastic pollution in river Ganga. See recently a new study has found that Ganga is heavily polluted by microplastics. The highest concentrations of microplastics pollution were found in Varanasi Kanpur followed by Haridwar. So in this context today let us discuss in brief about microplastics then we'll also see about the plastic waste management rules and finally we'll also see what are the reasons behind microplastics pollution in river Ganga. The syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. First let us understand what are these microplastics. We know that plastic is the most prevalent type of marine debris found in our ocean. Now these marine debris can come in all shapes and sizes and when these marine debris are less than five millimeters in length they are called as microplastics and there are two categories of microplastics. One is the primary microplastic and the second one is secondary microplastics. The primary microplastics are the tiny particles which are designed for commercial use. Some of these microplastics are intentionally designed to be small like the one in this image and these are called as microbeads. So these microbeads are very tiny pieces of manufactured polyethylene plastic and they are added as exfoliants in the health and beauty products such as they are used in cleansers and toothpaste. So remember microbeads are microplastics which are used in many health and beauty products. Then we also have the microfibers which are also primary microplastics. These microfibers shed from clothing and other textiles such as fishing nets. Now the second category of microplastic is the secondary microplastics. These are the particles that result from the breakdown of larger plastic items such as water bottles. This breakdown is caused by exposure to environmental factors and one of the main factors is the sun's radiation and ocean waves. Now these microplastics are harmful to the environment especially these microbeads are quite harmful because we saw that they are tiny particles. So they easily pass through water filtration systems and they end up in oceans and lakes. And since they are small the aquatic life and birds mistake these microplastics as food and they consume them. So eventually it leads to death of the aquatic life and birds and that is why we say microplastics especially the microbeads pose a potential threat to the aquatic life. And according to the United Nations Environment Program these plastic microbeads first appeared in personal care products about 50 years ago. And because of this already in 2015 USA has an act called as microbead free waters act of 2015 which banned plastic microbeads in cosmetics and personal care products. And several other countries such as Canada, France, New Zealand and Sweden have also banned microbeads from their cosmetic items and products. So what about India? Say in India we have a significant development in this regard which is the plastic waste management rules of 2016. The aim of these rules is to increase the minimum thickness of plastic carry bags from 40 to 50 microns. Apart from this the rules also stipulate the minimum thickness of 50 micron for plastic sheets to facilitate the collection and recycle of plastic waste. And the rules also expand the jurisdiction of applicability. Previously they were only applicable to the municipal areas but these 2016 rules also apply to the rural areas because now the plastic has reached rural areas also. And most importantly the rules bring in the responsibility of the producers and generators in the plastic waste management system. See here the producers could be the industries and the generators could be the industries as well as we the consumers. So this responsibility is established by introducing a system called collect bag system of plastic waste and the system has to be undertaken by the producers or brand owners. See the producers, importers and brand owners who introduce the plastic carry bags, multi-layered plastic sashes or pouches or who introduce plastic packaging in the market. They all need to establish a system for collecting back the plastic waste that is generated due to their products and this was to be done within a period of six months from the date of publication of these rules. But whether it was done or not is a big question. Now here the importers producers and brand owners had to work out these based on their extended producers responsibility. See extended producers responsibility means the responsibility of a producer for the environmentally sound management of the product until the end of life of that product which also includes collect bag system because if they collect back that plastic waste they can recycle it and they can reuse it and this collect bag system was expected to improve the collection of plastic waste its reuse and recycle in this regard. So now what is the way forward here? See instead of waiting for a ban from the government the Indian industry must voluntarily start putting a label on the personal care and cosmetic products saying that their products contain microplastics. Now once they put a label saying it contains microplastics it will enable the consumers to take responsibility of keeping the environment free from the impacts of microplastics and also until the ban is implemented the central drugs and standard control organization has an important role to play. We know that CDSCO is the body that administers the use of drugs among other things. Now this CDSCO must recognize the products that use intentionally added primary microplastics and it should equip themselves to restrict the use of such prohibited raw materials and here as a consumers we should also make a conscious effort to take informed decisions while purchasing such products we should first see whether our product contains microplastics and then if it does so we should look for the natural alternatives which that international brands have committed in countries where the use of microbeads is already banned. So this is the basic you need to know about microplastics and about the rules of 2016. Now coming to the editorial we saw that he talks about microplastic pollution in the river Ganga. Now the main reason for this pollution is the untreated sewage from cities along the river's course. Then other factors include the release of industrial waste into the river then even the religious offerings are a main reason for this pollution in river Ganga. We know that river Ganga is religiously important for Hindus so they conduct religious rituals along the river and sometimes the offerings are wrapped in the non-degradable plastics and they are thrown in the river saying that it is a religious ritual. Now these plastic products and waste materials which are dumped in the river they break down and they are eventually reduced to micro particles or in the case of plastics they turn into micro plastics and these micro particles and micro plastics are ultimately carried into the oceans by the river water and in turn they will pollute the ocean also. So how this could be controlled? See the way forward is to ensure the tight implementation of the plastic waste management rules and the solid waste management rules and here the focus shall be on ending single use plastics waste segregation then extended producer responsibility for the manufacturers and ensuring the recovery of materials. See even though the rules stipulate collecting back of plastic we are not sure that how many producers and brand owners actually do that. So this has to be ensured along with this the Swachh Bharat Abhyan shall also focus more on the reduced generation of plastic then full segregation of plastic and also the recycling of the plastic waste and that the global levels countries shall come together for a new global treaty banning plastic waste which is threatening the food web. Apart from all these now the government has introduced the draft plastic waste management amendment rules of 2021 these rules aim to amend the 2016 rules in fact they aim to expand the scope of 2016 rules. We will discuss about these rules some other day so let us hope that after getting inputs from all the stakeholders the plastic waste management rules will be made more stringent. So these are some of the points that you can take note from this editorial discussion now let us move on to the next discussion. Now our second discussion is going to be based on this editorial article which is relevant in the context of a recent Supreme Court judgment. This judgment has upheld the rights of nature. This judgment has been given in the case law MK Ranjith Singh and others versus Union of India and others and this case was pertaining to the dwindling population of great Indian busted. See the rights of nature is nothing but a legal and jurisprudential theory that describes the inherent rights associated with ecosystems and species. This is similar to the concept of fundamental human rights. So let us look into these aspects today. The syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. Now before getting into the editorial discussion let us understand about great Indian bastard to understand the case better. See historically the great Indian bastard was distributed throughout western India. It could be found across 11 states as well as in the parts of Pakistan. Its stronghold was once the Thar desert in the northwest. As you know in India Thar desert lies mostly in Rajasthan and extends into the southern portion of Haryana and Punjab states and also into the northern region of Gujarat state. It also extends to Pakistan and this species could be majorly found in the Thar desert that means in all these regions. But today its population is confined mostly to Rajasthan and Gujarat only and even small populations occur in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. This is because the busters generally favor flat open landscapes with minimal visual obstruction and disturbance. So they adapt well in the grasslands especially in the non-breeding season they visit wide agro grass scrub but in the breeding season that is between summers and monsoons they congregate in traditional undisturbed grassland patches with tall grasses but these tall grasses should be below 50 centimeter. It is because they avoid grasses taller than themselves and they even avoid the dense scrub like thickets. And if you look at the appearance of the species as you can see the bodies brownish and the wings are marked with black brown and gray colors. The males and females in the species generally grow to the same height and weight but males have larger black crown and a black band across their breast. So keeping these facts in mind let us look into the conservation status for these birds. See it is listed in Schedule 1 of Indian Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and it is also listed in the appendix 1 of Sites and the CMS. And it has been listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List also and importantly it has also been identified as one of the species for the recovery program under the integrated development of wildlife habitats. This is a program of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change of Government of India. So now why does this species need an iron clad protection? It is because they are threatened by various human activities. See the biggest threat to the species is hunting which is still prevalent in Pakistan. This is followed by occasional poaching outside their protected areas and even the collisions with high-tension electric wires is a threat to them. Apart from this fast-moving vehicles and free-ranging dogs in villages are also a threat. See we saw that high-tension electric wires are a threat. Let us understand how. See the Great Indian Buster lacks frontal vision. So due to this they cannot detect power lines from far which is ahead of them. Additionally these birds are heavy birds so they are unable to maneuver across power lines within close distances. So they end up colliding with the power lines and taking cognizance of this issue only. Supreme Court has asked the Maharashtra government and the Gujarat government to install bird diverters over power lines and it has even asked the governments to make the rest of the power lines underground. So this is what the case has laid down. Now before we proceed further see the snippet from WWF website that is Worldwide Fund for Nature website. Here you can find certain list of species. These species are important from the exam perspective. So make sure that you brush your basics about them. Now coming back to the discussion see along with the measures relating to the power lines the apex court has also affirmed and emphasized the biocentric values while protecting the birds. So in this way let us understand what is biocentricism. See it is a philosophy. This philosophy of biocentricism says that the natural environment has its own set of rights that is rights of nature is recognized. But a contrarian philosophy to biocentricism is the anthropocentricism. Here you should understand that bio means nature, anthro means human. So anthropocentrism argues that of all the species on earth humans are the most significant and that all the resources on earth may be justifiably exploited for the benefit of human beings. And this theory is not new and all Aristotle, Immanuel, Kant, etc. they all subscribe to this line of thought only. Here you should take note that the debate between biocentricism and anthropocentricism could be a potential area of ethics question pertaining to the environmental ethics. And when such questions appears in an exam you are free to take any side if you are able to substantiate your standpoint. So when such questions are asked you will have to say what these philosophies are and you have to add some notable thinkers in this regard. So now let us see some examples where biocentricism as a philosophy has been absorbed as part of the jurisprudence. jurisprudence means a legal system. You can quote these examples in favor of biocentricism. Now let us look at the examples. See in September 2008 Ecuador became the first country in the world to recognize rights of nature in its constitution. Then Bolivia also joined this movement by establishing rights of nature laws. Then subsequently in November 2010 the city of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania became the first major municipality in the United States to recognize the rights of nature. So what about India? India is also not far behind because as we know the directive principles of state policies through article 48 capital A has affirmed the rights of nature and even the fundamental duties through article 51 A sub clause G has upheld the rights of nature. But we know that both DPSP and fundamental rights are not justiciable therefore India needs to do more in endorsing the rights of nature in line with article 21 of fundamental rights. But you should also remember we have other masterpieces of legislations that are worth acknowledging in this regard. These legislations include by live protection act, environmental protection act which safeguard these species. So with this we have come to the end of this discussion. In this discussion we saw about great Indian bastard, the threats to the species and we also saw the difference between biocentricism and anthropocentricism. We will just move on to the next discussion. Our next discussion is going to be an interesting one. We are going to discuss a technology that is gaining prominence. See this news article talks about 3D printing technology. It mentions that three students of IIT Madras have designed and created personal protective equipment using 3D printing technology that is DPP using 3D printing technology and often we also hear various applications of this 3D printing technology and that is why today we are going to focus on 3D printers. First what are 3D printers? See these 3D printers use computer aided design that is CAD from variety of materials. These materials could be molten plastic or powders. These printers use a layering method to create the desired object. They work from the ground up and pile on layer after layer until the object looks exactly like it was envisioned. These printers have extreme flexibility in what can be printed. They can use plastics to print rigid materials like sunglasses. They can also create flexible materials like phone cases or bike handles using a hybrid rubber or plastic powder. Some 3D printers even have the ability to print with a carbon fiber and metallic powders for extremely strong industrial products. So how does this actually work? See 3D printing is a part of additive manufacturing family. As the name implies additive manufacturing adds material to create an object and this additive manufacturing uses data from computer aided design software or 3D object scanners to direct the hardwares to deposit materials. These materials are deposited layer upon layer in precise geometric shapes. Now you may ask how it is different from traditional manufacturing? See additive manufacturers as we saw it adds material to create an object. But in traditional manufacturing if you see often it requires machining or other techniques to remove surplus materials. For example if you take a wooden furniture for that first we need to cut the tree and then we have to carve out each part of that furniture and then it is attached. But in this additive manufacturing materials are simply added to create an object. They are not carved out or they are not removed from the surplus material. So we can say that 3D printers uses similar methods to a traditional inkjet printer but it is different from a traditional inkjet printer because it works in two dimensions whereas 3D printer works in three dimensions. On a whole 3D printers are a combination of sophisticated software powder like materials and precision tools to create a three-dimensional object from scratch. So here we have given you a video which will show you how the material is added to create a vase. Now let us see why these 3D printers are important to the future. As we discussed 3D printers are incredibly flexible. They are incredibly accurate and fast which makes them a promising tool for the future of manufacturing. And today many 3D printers are used for rapid prototyping. So what is this rapid prototyping? See companies all over the world now employ 3D printers to create their prototypes in a matter of hours. Previously they used to waste months of time and potentially millions of dollars in research and development but now they can create a prototype in comparatively lesser time. And also 3D printers can virtually fill a hole in almost every industry that is it has applications in every industry. They are not just being used for prototyping. Many 3D printers are being tasked with printing finished products. For example if you take healthcare 3D printers are being used to create parts to fix the broken ventilators for the COVID-19 outbreak. And even the construction industry is actually using this futuristic printing method to print complete homes itself. And the schools all over the world are using 3D printers to bring hands-on learning to the classroom where they print three-dimensional dinosaur bones and robotic pieces. Therefore the flexibility and adaptability of 3D printing technology makes it an instant game changer for any industry. So that is all about 3D printing. Now let us move to the next discussion. Our next discussion is based on this news article which is the headline today. It mentions that 60 people have been killed due to landslips in Maharashtra. These landslips were triggered by intense rain in the western Maharashtra region and in the coastal Konkan region. And because of this heavy rainfall and due to water logging and disrupted connectivity the response from the national and state disaster response forces have been delayed. See when the monsoon fury starts many places in India witness landslips leading to loss of lives and property. So today let us understand what are these landslips, the areas prone to landslips in India and certain mitigation measures also. This topic is important from the disaster management perspective. Already we even have a mains question on these lines. That is in 2019 GS3 mains paper we had a question which asked us to explain how hazard zonation mapping will help disaster mitigation in case of landslides. Here the hazard zonation mapping is one of the disaster mitigation measures. So today we will discuss about that also. Before let us get to the discussion first of all know that landslip is nothing but the another term for landslide. So what are these landslides? Landslides are defined as the mass movement of rock debris or earth down a slope. That is these rock debris or earth they move down the slope and they cause landslides. And these mass movements are also called as mass wasting. These mass movements transfer the mass of rock debris down the slopes under the direct influence of gravity. And most often landslides take place in conjunction with earthquakes floods and volcano eruption. Particularly in the hilly terrain landslides have been a major and widely spread natural disaster which results in loss of life and property and therefore it has become a major concern. Here you should note that these landslides are quite rapid and perceptible movements. The size and shape of the detached mass depends on three things. One is the nature of discontinuities in the rock. Second one is the degree of weathering of that rock and most importantly the steepness of the slope also plays a role in the mass movements of the rocks debris or earth. You just remember that depending on the type of movement of material several types are identified in the landslides category. These types are slump, debris slide, debris fall, rock slide and rock fall. We will see about these categories some other day. Today let us focus on the landslides in India. See in India landslides occur very frequently in the Himalayas. This is because first the Himalayas are tectonically active or in other words they are relatively tectonically unstable and second they are mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated and semi-consolidated deposits. This is also a reason and third more importantly the slopes are very steep in Himalayas. We saw that steep slopes are a major reason for the mass movements of rocks and debris down the slope because they are aided by the gravity. Now on the other hand if we come to the Nilgiris and the western guards here also we can see landslides. However landslides here are not as frequent as in the Himalayas. This is because this region is relatively tectonically stable and mostly they are made up of hard rocks. Then why landslides happen in Nilgiris and western guards? See the main reason for this is that many slopes in this region are steeper and they also have almost vertical cliffs and escarpments. See a escarpment means a long steep slope at the edge of a plateau or the long steep slope at these separating areas of land at different heights. Now another reason is the mechanical weathering of rocks because temperature changes is pronounced in these regions and this weathering aids in mass movement. Then these regions also receive heavy amounts of rainfall over short periods like the one that is happening in Maharashtra now. So because of these reasons there is almost a direct rockfall quite frequently in these places along with landslides and debris avalanches. So now how this could be prevented or what is the disaster mitigation for landslides? See mitigation refers to reducing the severity or impact of a disaster. So how the impact of landslides could be reduced? One of the main measures is the hazard mapping. It should be done to locate areas prone to landslides. This should be done at the national and also at the local levels. See the main advantage of hazard mapping is the areas which are prone to landslides could be noted and such areas can be avoided for building settlements. Also note that at the national level we have this landslide hazard map. As you can observe here the Himalayas of the northwest and the northeast India and even the western guards are two regions that are highly vulnerable and prone to landslides. So simply using such hazard mapping at the local or regional levels activities can be regulated to minimize the impact of landslides on human lives and properties. Then apart from this we could even construct retention walls to stop land from slipping as you can see the ones in the picture. Then increase in vegetation cover is also an effective way to arrest landslides. See the roots of the trees go deeper and they may not across a fault plane or they tie the bedding surfaces. So the root reinforcement of vegetation cover plays a very important role in slope stability. If the slope is stable then we can effectively arrest landslide. Then another measure is the surface drainage control works. It is an important disaster mitigation measure because they control the movement of landslide along with rainwater and spring flows. These drainage control works prevent water courses from entering the slide prone area and they also help in diversion of all these springs that originate within the slide area. They are diverted to outside the landslide prone area. So these are some of the mitigation measures that can be used to reduce the effect of landslides. In this discussion we saw what are landslides. We saw landslide prone areas in India and we also saw some of the mitigation measures in this regard. Now let us move on to the next discussion. Our next discussion is going to be based on this next editorial article. It is regarding the significance of zero prevalence study. So today let us understand what do we mean by zero prevalence survey or study and why it is important. The syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. First what is a zero prevalence survey? See a zero prevalence survey uses antibody tests to estimate the percentage of people in a population who have antibodies against the SARS coronavirus too. This can tell us how many people in a specific population may have been previously infected with coronavirus that is SARS-CoV-2. In this regard recently in June 2021, the Ahmadabad municipal corporation conducted a zero prevalence survey and based on this only author argues the importance of zero prevalence. See this study in Ahmadabad was done by the city on its own. The result of this study showed that 81 percentage of the sample population in the city has COVID-19 antibodies. This is one of the highest rates seen anywhere. See the zero prevalence study measures only the antibodies. As we saw already it doesn't check the cell mediated immunity. Cell mediated immunity refers to the immune response that does not involve antibodies. So this kind of immunity cannot be measured by zero prevalence study. If we take the cell mediated immunity into account it can indicate that an additional 10 to 15 percentage of persons of Ahmadabad might be protected. So the proportion of people with some immunity protection in Ahmadabad may be close to 90 to 95 percentage. So this is one of the drawback of zero prevalence study but other than this the study is very important. It can help us to plan and decide the course of action regarding the control of COVID-19 virus. This is the reason why the Ahmadabad municipal corporation has been using zero prevalence study as a strategy against COVID-19 virus. This has even helped the city a lot. Even at the national level if you remember the National Institute of Epidemiology under the ICMR has conducted four rounds of zero survey so far and even the council of scientific and industrial research that is CSIR has conducted a nationwide zero survey already. And even the states have done citywide population based zero surveys. These states include Kanataka Kerala, Haryana West Bengal, Udisha, Delhi etc. So we can see that many states and institutions are relying on zero prevalence studies to plan the course of action. In this regard the author of the editorial appreciates the citywide population based zero surveys. This is mainly because herd immunity is usually a local geographical phenomenon. You all know that herd immunity is a form of indirect protection from the infectious disease. It can occur with some diseases when a sufficient percentage of a population has become immune to an infection. So if herd immunity is achieved it reduces the likelihood of infection for individuals who lack immunity. Based on this the author of the editorial feels that zero prevalence study from cities will be the most reliable source for herd immunity. This is due to the fact that only these individual city studies will show the accurate percentage of the population who have antibodies against COVID-19 virus. Also combining many regions in a single survey may not give the accurate results and that is why individual citywide population based zero surveys are important. Let us understand this with an example. Take two cities Ahmedabad and Baroda and Gujarat. When the zero prevalence study was done individually these cities showed a very different immunity level. Ahmedabad showed 80 percentage immunity but Baroda showed 20 percentage immunity. So it shows that the people in Baroda were more vulnerable to the COVID-19 infection. But when a common study between these two cities was conducted it showed an entirely different inaccurate picture. The common zero prevalence study estimated that only 55 percentage of the persons of both the cities have immunity against COVID-19 virus. Along with this the common study also inferred that people in both cities have a high degree of vulnerability against COVID-19 virus. But that is not the reality. We saw that Ahmedabad is less vulnerable because more than 80 percentage of its population have antibodies. It has achieved herd immunity within its region already. But this could not be established in a common zero survey study. And this example shows that all major cities and towns should conduct their own zero prevalence study to estimate the level of protection and to estimate the proportion of the vulnerable population in that city. But this does not mean that we should ignore the nationwide zero prevalence study. It is because a nationwide zero prevalence study provides a bird's eye view of the situation. So we must keep doing that also. Along with this we should do city-based zero surveys also. So in this regard we already saw that the National Institute of Epidemiology has conducted four rounds of zero survey over the last 15 months. So this effort should be complemented. If you take the results from these surveys it showed that antibody levels increased from 0.7 percentage in April 2020 to 67 percentage in June 2021. It also showed a higher prevalence of antibodies in people above the age of 45. So we can see that these results are good. It shows that our country is gearing to achieve herd immunity. But these results must be taken with caution. It is because these studies were done with a sample of about just 29,000 people. Here you should understand sampling. Sampling is the process of selecting a small number of people or elements from a larger defined target group of elements. And this sample should be such that the information gathered from the small group will allow judgments to be made about the larger groups. And such kinds of sampling usually produces accurate results. But sometimes it can also lead to inaccuracy. And that is why caution is important. And we cannot declare we have achieved herd immunity based on these results itself. We can still have a major outbreak in specified geographical regions in the future because such kinds of outbreaks have already happened in other countries like United Kingdom and Israel. So now what could be done? See we have to combine both city specific and nationwide zero prevalence studies to plan our course of action. Only this can overcome our hurdles. We should have a nationwide plan as well as a city specific plan of actions. The urban local bodies and state governments should immediately launch rapid and successive rounds of zero service. Along with this zero prevalence studies should be done in all public hospitals and only such efforts can give us accurate information and it can guide us regarding the future course of action. Apart from this the zero prevalence studies can also guide us regarding the distribution of vaccines. See we all know that there is a vaccine shortage in our country. So we can use the zero prevalence study to deploy scarce vaccine resources to the places that are in most need of them. Also these zero prevalence studies can act as an evidence approach in making decisions like unlocking of cities and increasing economic activities. Another positive fact about zero prevalence studies is that they do not cost much. According to sources it will only cost 25 lakh to test 5000 people so it is practically feasible. And that is why the author of this editorial finally concludes that every major city with a population of more than 10 lakh should do a rapid zero surveillance survey and they should set up a sentinel surveillance to confirm the protection levels in the existing population and they should plan accordingly. The results of these studies will help us in evidence-based policy making. It will also help us in understanding the risk of opening up the economy and society and it will also guide us in deciding the priority population or priority region for vaccination. See India has over 40 cities with a million population so there is a urgent need to take up zero prevalence studies to help us guide about the COVID-19 control strategy throughout rural India and urban India. So this discussion was based on the importance of zero prevalence studies at the national level and also mainly at the city level. That is all. Now let us move on to the next discussion. Let us take up this news article. It discusses the views of former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. This article is regarding his statement to mark the 30th anniversary of the economic liberalization and the opening up of Indian economy. So in this context today let us discuss in brief about the 1991 economic reforms in India. See 1991 India met with an economic crisis relating to its external debt. The government was not able to make repayments on its borrowings from abroad. What happened was the foreign exchange reserves which maintained the import basket they dropped to levels that were not sufficient for even a fortnight. This crisis was further compounded by rising prices of essential goods. So all of this forced the government to introduce a new set of economic policies known as the 1991 economic reforms. Before 1991 all major post-independence economic crisis in India were caused by exogenous forces such as war, drought or global commodity shocks. But this 1991 crisis was induced by policy related issues and that is why it is said that 1991 crisis is a policy induced crisis par excellence and it did not develop overnight. The origin of this financial crisis can be traced from the inefficient management of Indian economy in the 1980s. See India's fiscal policy was already unstable in 1979. At that time India suffered the worst drought since independence. Along with this we also witnessed the global oil shock that was caused by Islamic revolution in Iran. Then the 7th finance commission in the year 1977 recommended a rather large increase in the state's share of central government's tax revenues and this was done even without any reduction in the center's responsibilities. Therefore central government's fiscal deficit increased and this period also witnessed a rise in food grain procurement prices and there was tax deduction on agriculture inputs. The fertilizer subsidies also increased tenfold during the Janatha government from 1977 to 1980s. Apart from these food and export subsidies grew rapidly and at the same time gradual import liberalization from 1976 onwards had quite expectedly manifested itself in the rapid growth of imports. So this was the scenario now to tide over the fiscal deficit crisis that is to handle this crisis India approached world bank and the international monetary fund and India received 7 billion dollars as loan. Now for availing the loan these international agencies expected India to liberalize and open up the economy. Hence India announced the new economic policy. This policy focused on creating a more competitive environment in the economy and it removed the barriers to entry of industries and growth of firms. These policy reforms fell under the three main categories which you famously know as liberalization privatization and globalization or in short LPG. Here liberalization aimed at opening up the Indian economy and privatization aimed at shedding of government ownership and management of firms. On the other hand globalization aimed at integration of our economy with the world economy. So this is the 1991 economic reforms and I think in the coming days we'll be seeing more about the reforms in the editorial forms. So let us discuss these liberalization privatization and globalization in detail at that time. Now let us move on to the next discussion. Our next discussion is going to be based on this editorial article which focuses on the Northern Ireland issue. See this is a continuing event that Britain faces after the Brexit. As you all know Brexit is the withdrawal of United Kingdom from the European Union and from the EUR atom. See EUR atom is nothing but the European atomic energy community. We all know that UK is not monolithic. If you look at this map you can see UK includes Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland as its parts. And in the island of Ireland is where the Republic of Ireland is situated. This republic is an independent country which is not part of United Kingdom. And here you should note that the British mainland and Ireland are separated through Irish Sea. Also the Republic of Ireland is still a part of European Union but it is not a part of United Kingdom. So various contentious issues come up because of this. One of the most thorny issue is about the Good Friday Agreement and the Northern Ireland protocol. So let us understand these two. See within European Union there are no checks in trade. It is a free market area but when the goods enter from outside of European Union there are market checks and some items are even banned. For example chilled meat is banned. So when goods entered from Britain into the Republic of Ireland there will be checks because we saw that Republic of Ireland is not a part of United Kingdom but it is a part of European Union. And since now Britain exited European Union it has become an outside country and this is the problem. Also the Northern Ireland and Ireland have a violent past. Some say that they should be together and outside the United Kingdom. But this contention in violence was put to end through the Good Friday Agreement which was signed in the year 1998. The major provision of this agreement is that the border between the Northern Ireland and Ireland shall be soft with minimal checks on goods movement. See here the border of Northern Ireland is nothing but the border of United Kingdom because it is a part of UK. So now according to the Good Friday Agreement the movement of good shall be smooth without much hindrance or interference. But when UK was in the European Union enforcing this was not a problem because within the European Union there are no checks as we already saw. So between Northern Ireland and Ireland also there were no checks kept. But when Britain exited European Union the British Treaty of Northern Ireland was considered a non-European Union territory. And the Republic of Ireland was a European Union territory. And we saw that when goods from EU to non-EU country flows checks are put. So because of this the custom checks would kick in which would be against the Good Friday Agreement. Now next comes the North Ireland protocol. In this Article 16 is important. See this article can kick in if the trade gets affected. This North Ireland protocol is a part of Brexit agreement only and it is also a sticky issue. Because if this Article 16 kicks in the Good Friday Agreement will go for a toss. So as a compromise the checks were placed within the Britain that is before entering the Northern Ireland itself. Here you can see which forms a part of Ireland, what is Republic of Ireland, what is Northern Ireland and what forms Great Britain and where is Scotland, Wales, England etc. So in short because of the Brexit Northern Ireland protocol will be implemented and it will be contradicting to the Good Friday Agreement. So any one of them only can stay. And after the Brexit as we just saw Britain was conducting checks within Britain itself. And this is in line with the European Union norms. And then it will enter the Ireland from the Northern Ireland. But since these checks were kept within the United Kingdom the intra-country movement of goods got affected. That is the goods movement within the United Kingdom got affected. And the goods that can travel from Britain to Ireland in few days now go to Northern Ireland and then reach Ireland. Now this takes a lot of time so the perishable trade got greatly affected. And see even within Britain also because the goods movement to the Northern Ireland is difficult the Ireland sitting up trade with Northern Ireland itself. So empty supermarket shelves could be noted which happened due to the paralysed trade. Now because this issue is contentious and entangled it is making news often. Apart from this security issues are also an aspect that is making noise in this scenario. So in this discussion we saw what is the main issue between Ireland Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom. Now let us move on to the next discussion which is the practice questions discussion. Our first question is based on 3D printing. It is a two statement question. First statement is 3D printing is part of additive manufacturing family and uses similar methods to a traditional inkjet printer. First half of the statement is correct. Second half is also correct. It is similar but it is not same. So this half is also correct and that is why this statement is correct. Second statement is 3D printers can only create flexible objects using a hybrid rubber or plastic powder. This statement is incorrect because we saw that 3D printers have extreme flexibility in what can be printed. They can use plastics to print rigid materials like sunglasses and we also saw that extremely strong industrial products can also be printed with carbon fiber and metallic powders. So this statement is incorrect and here the question asks for the correct statements. So the correct answer is option A one only. Now this next question is a previous question. It was asked in 2018 and it is about the applications of 3D printing. The question asks 3D printing has applications in which of the following preparation of confectionery items, manufacture of bionic ears, automotive industry, reconstructive surgeries, data processing technologies. First option is correct because we already have a 3D printed food restaurant in Netherlands. So it is a part of confectionery items. So it has applications in the food industry including the confectionery items. Second statement is also correct. This was done using a cell seeded hydrogel matrix. Then obviously it has applications in automotive industry because during discussion itself we saw how parts can be manufactured. Then obviously in reconstructive surgeries because 3D printing has already been used to help repair the damaged issue. Then option 5 is also correct. It is used in data processing technologies such as it is used to produce computer parts like circuit boards etc. And that is why the correct answer is option D. Now this next question is again a previous question which was asked in 2017 and it is based on the 1991 economic reforms. The question asks which of the following has or have occurred in India after its liberalization of economic policies in 1991. So here the question focuses on the liberalization part of the economic reforms. First statement share of agriculture in GDP increased. Second share of India's export in world trade increased. Third FDA inflows increased. Fourth India's foreign exchange reserves increased enormously. See fourth should be correct because during the discussion itself we saw that one of the major reasons for economic reforms was the dismal state of India's forex reserves. And we saw that India borrowed from World Bank and IMF. So this statement is correct so it should be an answer. So we can eliminate option C. Now FDA inflows increased is correct because we saw that liberalization means opening up our economy to the outside world. So due to this investments into our country increased after liberalization. So this option is also correct. So from the remaining options you can eliminate option A. Now we have to see whether one is correct or not because two is present in both. Share of India's exports in world trade increased. This is correct. Now share of agriculture in GDP increased enormously is incorrect because in the post reform period there was actually gradual decline in agricultural sector's contribution to the Indian economy. Before 1991 agriculture contributed to around 30 percentage but now it contributes to only 15 percentage. So this statement is incorrect so it should not be an answer that is the correct answer option B 2 3 and 4. So with this problems question let us take three main questions. You can answer these questions and post it in the comment section. Today we have questions from GS2 GS3 and GS4. So try to attend these questions as it has been formed from varied parts of our syllabus. So with this we have come to the end of the Hindi news analysis for today. If you like this video don't forget to like comment and share and subscribe to Shankar IIS Academy YouTube channel for more updates related to civil service examination preparation.


What's up everybody, Jason here for Jasper's Case Breaks.com. 2020 Mosaic, football 20 blocks, blaster case break, picker teams number 35 just sold out. We're randomizing the bangles if you buy two or more teams. So again, if you buy two teams, you get one entry, you buy four teams, you get two entries, you buy six teams, you get three entries, et cetera. If you only buy one team, you will not be entered to win, but this was our last promo break when needed to sell out to unlock the Steffan Curry autograph jersey giveaway plus $500, which again, we did. So boom, sold out all of these breaks here today. So after this break and a separate video, I'll gather up all the breaks that needed to sell out, including this Mosaic blaster case, we'll randomize all the customer names. Number one wins the Curry, numbers two through six win $100 in break credit. So again, let's alphabetize and see who gets spots in this break to win the bangles. So Aaron has two, Arthur King has two, so that's an entry each for both of you. Chris Maxwell won last month, but good luck. CJ with four, Clayton with two, Jaycee with two, Karen Steele with two, Mark with two, four, Sean Matic two, Steffan two, Timothy two, and Will Comstock four. All right, so there you go, guys. Here are the customer names, total of 15, out of the possible 15 are in. Roll it, two and a five, seven times, good luck. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, boom, seven times, two and a five. Mark R, congratulations, man. You just won the bangles. I recommend a lot of things for that, especially the new Sandman theories. You can find things that will take you to New World. All right, guys, cool. Let's do this blaster, Chris, right? All right. And there's energy that we can add to the community's content. For the best audio record and storytelling, it takes less than 19 to 500, 500 to get 30 days free. There's got to be a lot of support that we're trying to get out of there. Okay. Yeah, very nice. Absolutely. I would just say next to all of the things. Boom, those. All right, guys. So what I'll do is I'll rip up in about five boxes at a time and then we'll go through each five boxes. All the way to Y. Yeah, absolutely. Teams may get scuffed. The doctors are done. Oh, wait, also, guys, hold on one second. My camera is really bugging out right now. No one's mentioned it, but I don't want you guys to mess up with this. I'm gonna turn it off and turn it back on. I've noticed that that actually helps a lot. Make sure it's back to normal. I don't know how many videos they're actually gonna be like this in the future, but I just noticed that my camera was bugging. Okay, we're good. Cool. Yeah, Hollywood, we have to pay attention now when I found out. Come on, man. Geez. And I see you haven't fixed your keyboard yet either, it's what. Oh man, I'm just messing with you. I'm just messing.  No, not really. I don't think you can get things last in this. What it is, is you could get those fluorescent nut and bird cards that are super rare, like the pink and blue and orange. And then of course, I think throughout a whole case, you potentially can get like maybe two to three autographs. But like those fluorescent colors are usually for the most part in retail like this and Megas and stuff like that.  I'd assume you could potentially get a Genesis in this too.  Marshall Lynch, Collider Rizalier, and Rodgers got game. Ooh, and there we go, Genesis, Will Fuller. That's a nice little short pen right there. Very nice, Brady MVPs, Borough. Three seconds left here, now 12. E dollars. E, H, how long, we made that few days, how you doing on that? How old? Darius Hunter, Jake Frong, St. Clawn Barclay, Old School, Terry Bratchell, Hunts, and ooh, we got a blue, I like this blue color. And first of all, we got an autograph, Max Unger, Big Boy, Derek Brown, Max Unger autograph for the Seattle Seahawks, Derek Brown Green, Retail, Hall of Fame, Barry Sanders, Silver, and Seahawks is going to be met out. All right, let's go to the next five. All right, so so far we got one autograph, one Genesis. Hopefully we can pull like a nice fluorescent, potentially. Next five, Terry Bratchell Green, Devon DuVernay Rookie, Mike Williams, Green, Retail, Kyler Murray got game, Vaughn Miller, Anthony McFarlane Jr., Tom Brady MVPs, Green, Megan Amp, nice, nice, Joe Burrow, Josh Jacobs, Willow Win, David Montgomery, Jerry Judy Rookie, NFL debut CD Lam Green, Justin Jefferson as well. CD, T Higgins, sorry. I'll be on Jassy's Bricks. Chase Young. Thurman Thomas, Michael Pittman. All right, last team here before we review Phillies is the New York Angels. KJ Hamlin, Agents R.L. Green, and a Silver Kenneth Murray. DeAndre Swift. In this product, this is a 18-year-old Yankees, Kirby Auto, awesome step, that'd be really cool. 20-year-old Kirby, 25 bucks. Yankees are reviewing the Phillies after this. More online. Wake and Break, only one more team after this. We're going with some Trinity football after this, Wake and Break. All right, you guys. Let's go with the next five boxes here. Next five boxes, and then we've got five more left, so we're halfway through. Denzel Mims. Charles Davis Green. Tush John Kings, Eli Manny. James Morrigan Green. Agent Peterson Hollow. Derrick Brown. Herbie Bates. Jefferson Wilder-Wimbre-Fabre. Ayuk Green. DeAndre Swift. Jefferson Wilder-Wimbre-Fabre. Ayuk Green. Herbie Bates with a Dell and Cook. Silver. All right, box three here. Taysom Hill. Jeff Acuda. Whoa, there we go. Roquan Smith. There's that fluorescence I was talking about. That's an orange fluorescent. Number eight out of 25. Roquan Smith for the Coggle Bears. Goin' to JC. There you go, buddy. Very nice one. Rogers Green. Jeff Acuda, Rookie Green. Vaughn Miller. John Riggins. Jake Fromm. Sam Darnels. Brady Bates, Jonathan Taylor. Chandler Jones. And the Viscussionale Junior Green Retail. Matt Judon. Silver. All right, last box here. And then I gotta go get some penny sleeves really quick right now. Will Fuller. Tua Tugoviloa. I'll put that in a penny sleeve right now. Marcus Mariota. Thurman Thomas. Jayden Rager. And Marcus Davenport Autograph. That's our second autograph right there. Darrington Evans. Tua Tugoviloa and AJ Dillon. Silver, Rookie, NFL debut. All right, next box. Will Fuller. St. Autograph, that's going to go to Karen Steele. Just like they took away a little bit of pick-up to make these for us. They were working on it. Absolutely a way to break. Let me make a note of that. It's nice Chinese state. There you go. I've got a note for you. I appreciate it. Maybe an M auto. I can do that. That's a pretty good hit. Oh wow, yeah. This is rookie. Alrighty, guys. Last five boxes here. So we've got in one Genesis, two autographs, and one fluorescent numbered so far. Still haven't hit a really big color rookie? I mean we've got burrows, and we've got Herbert bases, and stuff like that too. But besides that Joe Burrow green, it hasn't really been too much. Hoping for a true silver of a big quarterback. Here is Grace Hartley. Grace Hartley won 2-6 out of $1.99. That goes to... It was Mr. Wailer, right? There you are. Everybody. And you were right. Joe Mallor 49 out of $15. That was a great amount. There you go. 39 out of $50. I didn't have the little brownie. Four boxes here, good luck. Alright guys, two more boxes. Alrighty everybody. Last five boxes. Brian Edwards. Prism Silver. Isaiah Simmons. Dan Marino. AJ Dillon. Mark Brunel. Kenneth Murray. K.J. Hamlin. Aaron Donald. A.D. Little Silver. Very nice. Three more boxes there to thank you, everybody. That was... No worries. There you go, MW. Just showing Jackson. It isn't expired yet. Not even expired yet. Here you go. Jerry Rice. Alright everybody, we only got one thing left. Just got one. Yeah, rookie Otto as well. Patrick Mahon's got a game. 250, wow. Very nice. Three in parallel. He grabs his step. Tape on green. Another two of them. Oh, Jesus. I think it's a rookie. Wow. Oh, that was a two for a second. LaVisca Chanel Junior Orange Florescent. Very nice for the Jaguars. Will Comstock. Very nice. 15 out of 25. Another beautiful florescent. J.Gabison. Silver Teddy Bridgewater. Silver Teddy Bridgewater. Silver Teddy Bridgewater. Silver Teddy Bridgewater. Silver Teddy Bridgewater. So here comes the first spot. This is for we have three boxes. Alright, last box, guys. Good luck. Kenny Galladay. Clyde Edwards-Elair. Eli Manny. MVP's Tom Brady. Patrick Mahon's Touchdown Kings. Mark Andrews. LaVisca Chanel Junior. Silver, sorry, Green Kenneth Murney. And Denzel Mims. True Silver Rookie for the Jets. Seven seconds remaining at $33. With this first spot here, it can be treated hit draft. Everybody is guaranteed a autograph here. Alright, guys. We have a whole stack right there of some nice rookies, colors, silvers, prism silvers, all that good stuff. And do a quick little recap of some of the bigger rookies and colors that we got. So, ended up getting some nice colors, for sure. Does it smell like something's burning? Oh, man, my room just feels like it's about to fall down. Oh, no, not that I know of. Alright. LaVisca Chanel Junior was a nice orange fluorescent to $25. We've got a couple of Tua rookies, Tom Brady MVP's, Borough rookies, Chase Young, couple of Herbie rookies, AJ Dillon, another couple of Tuas. Marcus Davenport was an autograph, another orange fluorescent rule point Smith, couple more Herbie rookies, little Joe Borough, Max Unger was your second autograph, and one Genesis. So, I think it could have been much better, but also it could have been much worse. So a couple of nice fluorescent, including a rookie, a couple of colors including Joe Borough, we still got, of course, rookies there as well. Appreciate it, guys. This was Mosaic football, last year, case break, number 35. In a separate video, guys, I'll be doing the randomizer for the giveaway, and then we'll call it a night.


One meter jump for dumbbells exercise in IGP. So again, I probably repeat myself, but I train dumbbells separately from training the dog how to properly jump. Because there are two different, completely different exercises. And so today is the next session, progressing from what we learned. So as you can see my setup, I don't teach my dog to jump high, I teach my dog to stretch. But right now what we focused on is that if I send you through the jump, you can come back to me only through the jump. And so this is what I mostly focused at the beginning. This is the foundation of everything. I want my dog to jump there and jump back always, no matter what. So where I'm at, he knows what I want from him. He knows the command, he loves running around and everything. But right now what I do is that I challenge him. So I threw the ball on the very side so he could kind of see that he can run to me on the straight line. And I'm forcing him to still jump because I want him to know if he jumped there, he needs to jump back. So that's how the exercise is. And I want it to be ingrained in my dog before we go to competition. So let's see how we do this. Jump. No. Jump. Good. Good boy. Good boy. So I always correct him. I know you probably don't see how far I toss it, but it doesn't matter. So I'll try to even go more challenging on the angle. Jump. No. No. Good jump. Good boy. So as you can see, he knows what I want. And so I don't even have to guide him. He knows to come back, which is really great progress. So that's what I kind of continue doing in various directions. Jump. Jump. Good boy. So not every jump has to be challenged, but once in a while I do this so he, hey, enough. So he remembers. Jump. Good jump. Good boy. Good boy. Give it to me. Jump. Come on. Jump. Very good. That's a good one. That's a very good one. He really, I don't know if you guys were able to see, but he really went for the ball over there because it bounced to the side and he came back. So he's getting there. Jump. Jump. Good jump. Give it to me. Jump. Good boy. No. No. No. No. Jump. At least that. So let's try this challenge again. Jump. Good boy. Jump. Good. Good boy. Give it to the good boy. Jump. Good. Jump. Good boy. So you can see if you keep challenging him and I'm really throwing it to the side which probably will never happen in reality. Enough. In a trial. Enough. But I'm challenging him so he knows to come back through the jump. Jump. No. No. No. No. He knows to come back now, but the ball is way off. He can see there. I want him to go through the jump. Jump. Jump. Good jump. Jump. That's cheating. Jump. Jump. Good jump. Jump. Good. Good. So I let him jump through the middle one time. And so the second time he decided to just walk in which I didn't want to. But more or less that's what we do now. Enough. Plats. I'm just playing with him and occasionally I was throwing as a challenge to the very, very far right or far left. And then challenge him to know to go straight through the jump even though he can see the toy in front of him without it. And the same to come back. So that's what we're working on. And as you can see, he's still having a blast. So, happy training.


Good evening everyone. My name is Orko Bhattacharya. I currently work with Solo and I'm here to talk about K9s which is a tool that I've been using for about one and a half years now and I truly love it. So I thought about sharing it with you all. So a couple of years back I started working with Kubernetes and like many others I started with Q-Cuddle, a simple Q-Cuddle get pods and the Q-Cuddle cheat sheet became my absolute favorite bookmark which I used to write for often. As time progressed I started working with aliases because it saves time so much time right and I want to give a big shout out to the Q-Cuddle ZSH plugin maintainers for making life so much easy that we still use it. As I started interacting with more and more power users of Kubernetes I got introduced to K9s and was simply blown away by it. So it's a terminal based user interface that you can use to interact with your Kubernetes clusters. So let's see it in action. So to start K9s you just have to type K9s in your terminal and you'll see the pods running in the default namespace in the beginning. So if you press zero, zero for all, you'll see all the pods running in the Kubernetes cluster. So I see on the left column on cube system namespace these pods are currently running.  This is all in the terminal so and you can click on any of the pods and you can see what's the container inside it or what's the image that is being used, whether it's passing readiness check, whether any container has completed or not and what are the pods exposed on the pods. So it gives a good summary. To delete a pod or any object you can just do a control D and the pod or any object that gets deleted. In this case it's a deployment so you can see that the pod is already coming up. So to see all the deployments of the cluster you have to do escape colon deploy and you'll see all the deployments in the cluster. I can see these are the deployments. So to scale up the deployment you press s for scale and I'm changing the replica count to two here so that the two pods for this deployment start up. Now to search for an object by keyword what you have to do is just press slash and then type the keyword. So I'm typing server and these are the deployments which has a server keyword. I'm selecting all of them using space bar and then scaling them up together with s for scale. So if I go to the pods I can see that the pods are coming up. It's all live so it's a very nice user interface. Let's go back to the deployment and let's scale them back down. Same way slash server selecting all by space bar and then reducing the replica to one. And when I go to the pods view I can see all the pods in the desired state. To do a port forward all you have to do is do a shift F for port forward and it gives helpful suggestions like what are the container ports on the pod and I'm port forwarding on localhost 8080 so that's where I'm going to go now and I'm going to try to log into Argo CD that I just installed. So to log into Argo CD you'll need a secret value which is stored in the form of Kubernetes secret so I'm going back and I'm typing escape colon sec for secret that will list all the secrets and to see the value I'm going to press x just one keystroke and I see the decoded value of the secret and I'm putting it as a password and I'm signing in so now I'm signed in I want to see the logs of the pod and for that I just have to go to the pod and press L for log and I can see all the logs if I want to see it in full screen the option is there F for full screen and W for word wrap. So it's really helpful when you when you're working with multiple contexts and you want to switch between contexts you can just type escape colon context or CTX it'll show you what all context are there in the Kubernetes cluster I right now have two more clusters running so it's very helpful when you're testing with multi cluster scenarios so I have two clusters running where I have Istio deployed in both of them and I have this product page application running in US East 2 which is in the top right and US West 2 US West 1 which is in the bottom right so I want to do a fail over testing and I'm tailing the log for the pod so I pressed L in both of these view and now I'm going to send some curl on the on the left tab and as I sent curl all the request is going to the US East 2 at the moment you can see all the logs on the top right if I send a few more curls you'll see the timestamp getting changed there but nothing is going to the US West 1 yet so what I'm going to do now is just forcefully scale down the deployment in US East 2 so I'm scaling it down to zero and now I'm going to send the curl once again but we won't see any request failing we'll see the request going to the US West 1 because that's how I set up the failover so it's pretty nifty when you're testing in a multi cluster environment so I've created this cheat sheet to help anyone who's just starting with canines and I hope you find this useful if you have any questions if you have any feedback or if you have any pro tips to share with me please do feel free to reach out and be happy to chat about it thank you so much for being such a lovely audience


I'm Khaleesi Grimes 82 and I am SUUUUURRGH to be talking about this Mission Impossible Blu-ray collection that I just got at Walmart for $24.99. That and I only comes with one movie, or two movies, or four movies, but five movies for the price of one. If it was a 4K film it would be the price of one. First off, I want to talk about the fact that you could easily find this information out by just Googling Mission Impossible Blu-ray collection and take all of thirty seconds to read through all the features but instead you're here to listen to me talk about this for seven to ten minutes trying to get to that ten minutes to get the extra ad revenue on YouTube because if a video's ten minutes are over you can do double ads and I'm about that sweet cash money penis gotta get that boom boom boom gotta get that boom boom boom gotta get that I'm like will I am from the black eyed peas like Cal I easy or something okay let's get into this cuz I really want to talk about this film the first thing you'll notice if you zoom in on this is there is a sticker for a free fallout eight dollar voucher I love when Blu-ray collections put stickers on top of the custom-made case I think that that's great I love that I think it's great it keeps the quality up because it's basically a walking advertising billboard for itself let's really break this down what we have here is a sturdy cardboard case pristine cardboard it says right at the top five five movie collection so that's telling me right there that there's gonna be less than six but more than four movies inside of this crate I want to say something near and dear to my dick one thing that is a little bit troubling it was a little bit hard for me to pull the trigger on this was the fact that mission impossible six is in theaters right now fallout hence the sticker deal to go see it for eight dollars cheaper if you use some stupid website or app or something but that means that this collection is not a complete collection to be fair they'll probably make 18 more mission impossible movies or until Tom Cruise can't crawl his ass out of bed anymore and you come on with the guys gonna keep making until he's dead okay now for warning there was plastic on top of this this is not an unboxing video I want to make that correction this is an unboxing video if you want to see those you can find them what this is is simply me telling you that I bought this blu-ray at a store for a decent price and it's almost like an eight-minute humble brag but I am gonna break down some of the features which once more you could easily do by just doing any sort of simple search on Google or even going to the store and flipping the box around because I am going to literally read up all the words that are on this box because that's what I've seen other people do on blu-ray review videos that have like hundreds of thousands of views and it's fucking ridiculous but good for them good for them hey let's start our mission if we choose to accept it is to read up the synopt short for synopsis on the back of this box a mission almost two decades in the making Tom Cruise is IMF agent Ethan Hunt one of the greatest action heroes of all time in the adrenaline pumping suspense-filled blockbuster franchise filmed in the most exotic locations around the world by the biggest directors in Hollywood and John Woo this must have five film set will any action fan your mission if you choose to accept it I started out with that they they're like doing my thing now we'll go I'm doing their thing first experience the most action-packed blu-ray collection ever that's interesting I mean I wouldn't go that far okay so another thing I want oh oh my oh my can you pick that up for me ladies and gentlemen I want to I just learned something I want to point that out this this casing is not the most secured now the blu-ray is actually housed in its own plastic collector's case which will fall out the bottom it fell out of this slip and I'm not sure if I should not get points because honestly this is just I mean it's just really flimsy cardboard or if I should thank them for giving me an extra layer of protection it's like a condom on a condom but the first layer of condom is like a really cheap paper towel that even if you get a little bit wet it's gonna shred to pieces so you should have like four paper towels on there and I went to have my two kids you know cottage to get the get the cake get the case after a hiccup we're back and I don't mean the how to train your dragon lead character I'm talking about a stroke okay let's talk a little bit more about the slip cover first so if we flip this around and you zoom in you can see there's some nice pictures you'll notice at the bottom there's a nice little swatch pattern of pictures from some of the different films a little bit of the highlights going on mission impossible one he's escaping the water from the aquarium after he sticks the gum to it we have ghost protocol hanging off the edge of a building super gripping stuff because he's holding on tight like a grip that's fun I'm not is this I'm not I'm not is this is that am I to I think it might be I think it is I think it might be your that or it's number three but this is number three right here I love mission impossible three that's obviously rogue nation and I mean they're walking I don't know what that one is this one might be from collateral not sure and this looks like backdraft so we got a couple non mission impossible shots in here which is a little confusing well maybe they're for mission I don't know we break down the the blu-ray enhancements you could say how these things are being generated into picture into audio into sound effects they I am happy to report they are all 1080p high definition even the second film which looks like it was shot off the reflection of a toaster so that's cool English 5.1 dobi digital French 5.1 dobi digital Spanish 5.1 dobi digital subtitles in English if you want to hear them talk via text you can turn that on some of these are English 7.1 dobi true HD we're talking ghost protocol we're talking impossible three nope that's 5.1 oh interesting so ghost protocol is the only one that has a 7.1 dobi true HD sound cabbage didn't rogue nation come out after gross protocol so why is the sound worse ladies and gentlemen I'm stumped for the first time ever on this show ever if we slowly take off the protective condom from the skin set it down gently we will see the same exact picture without that ugly sticker on top which is nice which I love on the back though was this the best place you put the barcode we could have had something more creative like Ethan Hunt maybe base jumping off of the bars or maybe he's you know hanging there like an MI1 but you know they did what they could they kind of chiseled the red around it they kind of spackled a little bit of white on the sides and then it's just kind of text it's not the most exciting it's not the most enjoyable thing there's some more information for you they are all rated PG-13 you can bring your 13 year old to watch it in your in your house with you or any person that you've kidnapped that's 13 we we get some of the commentary on these this cover comes on comes off comes on comes off it's a really quick thing if you're not careful you're gonna lose it to the floor and then it's gonna be anybody's game if those CDs hold up let's talk about what's inside because that's really what matters at the end of the day now it's a nice crisp open there's no sort of creaking like a like you're inside of a haunted house opening in the door it's very smooth it's very fluid it's kind of a standard case inside blue which is typically what blue rays come in a bluish bluish hue and here you can see we have Mission Impossible also in blue I don't remember the color blue being used in any of these films and it's not the same color blue as up here so this really has nothing to do with anything kind of a stock cover I guess and we're just gonna carry that through that theme which apparently the brand guidelines weren't passed out to the the executives or the designer who came up with this one we got Mission Impossible 2 and Mission Impossible 3 to follow I would guess if I was a gambling man which I'm not because I don't I don't agree with gambling that we would go to for next which would be a ghost protocol yeah was that ghost protocol oh I don't want to be like these guys I want to be different and it is a little bit different because this one really features our true first strong female lead the woman of my dreams and she's also in the new one follow I haven't really talked about how beautiful this collage is on the front though you have the silhouette obviously of Tom Ethan Hunt Cruz the Reds for Mission Impossible the Reds that are themed you know the Reds in Mission Impossible that carry throughout all the films and not blue and then you have kind of this black and white Montag of different scenes you have you know MI3 you have him hanging off the side of the plane in the fifth film you have that classic shot from the first I don't know if there's anything from Mission Impossible 2 on here I wonder if that was on purpose well this is I think this is just a phenomenal collection it's it's one of the best it's honestly one of the best anthologies around which is amazing to say because I didn't think I'd be thinking that about Mission Impossible but that's where things are at like everything else just keeps getting crappier but somehow these keep getting fucking better it's nuts it's honestly nuts so there you have it this is truly a remarkable collection of films that everybody should rush out and see and watch and own right straight away I got it at Walmart for $24.99 this is not a plug although I would love if they paid me some money you could get on Amazon you could maybe get it at Target or a Target or a Best Buy I don't know what they run I mean Best Buy is probably be like 60 bucks but I don't know yeah but I'm special I own this now I just think that Mission Impossible is such a good fucking movie series I think everybody should see it and what fuck why do you exist there's stickers on you you don't hold shit you are pointless I love this franchise nerd alert I'm super popped to talk to you some more so make sure to subscribe to the cringe which is that Adam does movies on YouTube you can check out more of the cringe if you like what I'm doing I think you do take care it's like I'm leaving but I'm not


Key Functions of Playing Games in the Classroom Learning through games has become more common over the years. The traditional academic-oriented learning method of repetitive memorizing is slowly becoming outdated, and most students prefer to learn in a fun and interactive environment. Boosting Curiosity and Creativity Children of all ages love to play, from the tiny infants to the toddler who sings ABC songs, to primary children who plays memory games. Children learn important skills by playing. Playing enhances children's ability to problem-solve, memorize, concentrate, imagine, be creative and interact with others, if, 2009p.15. By learning through games, children will be exercising their brain power and be having fun at the same time. Learning through games in the classroom can also spark children's curiosity and creativity. Children are more inclined to interact, discuss and ask questions about the things surrounding them as opposed to pictures in a book. Exams vs Games I was raised in a country where exam scores are more important than anything else. Growing up, I never enjoyed school. I was forced to memorize multiple chapters for our weekly dictations. Our teachers made the tests so hard that half the class would barely pass it. We were given mountains of homework every day. It wasn't until I had graduated from university, when I became a home tutor, that I realized that learning through games can be a lot more effective. In my country, children start going to pre-nursary school when they are around nine months old. They starting spelling words and having weekly dictations when they are in kindergarten, which is around 3.5 to 4 years old. I think the education system in my country is actually failing to prepare children for the future. On the other side of the world, children in Finland don't officially go to school until they are 7 or 8 years old. They do not have national tests, no rankings, no inspections, no selective schools, and they enjoy 15 minutes of play for every 45 minutes of learning, SPS News, 2018. Yet, teenagers in Finland continue to top the international standardized test. Finland is the perfect example to show the importance of learning by playing. For example, children will feel more accomplished and confident when they finish solving a puzzle as opposed to scoring 100 in a spelling test. Benefits of games Besides, children do not only have fun during the game, but they are building cognitive skills, problem solving, fine motor development and hand-eye coordination skills through puzzle solving. Children might feel accomplished after scoring a full mark in their spelling test, however, the children will not have achieved anything apart from the score sheet. I asked my students whether or not they remember the spellings a week later, 90% of them have forgotten everything, so what's the point of having those weekly tests? Instead, it would be more fun and effective if children were asked to memorize some lyrics for a school play, and the children will benefit more from it. One of my students had always been very shy and never spoke up. His parents enrolled him in a musical play one summer. He had to memorize some lyrics for the musical The Cats. It was obvious that he had become more confident after the play, and he is one of the most talkative students in my class now. The sense of accomplishment and the confidence he had built during and after the play is not something he can get from the textbook. Do you want to teach English abroad? Speak with an ITTT advisor today to put together your personal plan for teaching English abroad. Send us an email or call us tollfree at 1-800-490-0531 to speak with an ITTT advisor today.