Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com, coming at you with part two of our 2020-2021 Panini Mosaic Basketball Fast Break Dual Case Break. We did the first 20 in a different video and we'll put the link to that part one in the description of the video below. This is part two. If you watch video one, there was a trade, so you'll see the list again right here. So Chad and Simon made a deal. I don't think there's anything, has there been anything significant for either of those teams? Maybe not. Not yet anyway. Here's the second case, excuse me, let's see this all on this camera here, sort of an awkward size case and quite heavy, an empty box. So there's four stacks of five, here's our first stack of five and the rest of these you can see hiding behind me over there, they're not going anywhere. Alright, so each stack is about 25, 30 minutes, couple hours, maybe actually a little bit less than that, maybe hour 40. So once again, this is part two, we'll do a recap for part two at the end of this video. There's a recap for part one, the first case in the first video. We've got the Dodgers at Giants, Dodgers leading 4-1 top of the 7th, they're in San Francisco, two outs runner on, and we're getting to a really nice part of the sports calendar boys and girls, got NBA playoffs starting tomorrow, I think NHL is down to their last game or two, they'll be going into the playoffs soon, gonna be a couple weeks into the baseball season, a few weeks into the baseball season, so it'll be exciting. Mugi, Betz driving in James Almond is on base again, there's an auto box and here is Onyeka Akongwu for Nicole and the ATL, do we got anyone here? Mic check, sound check, sound check, break check, break check, do we have anyone in this break watching live or did everyone just say forget it, we're gonna go to bed? I don't want to watch this hour long break with Joe, alright 18 out of 50 there's Jalen Smith for the Suns, that's gonna be for Mario, and all these Lamellos will go to Steve Birch and the Hornets, hopefully we'll see some more Lamellos, it's a nice Lamellos in the first half, alright Chad's here, Nicholas is here, experienced basketball is here, audio is good, just making sure, just making sure. All these Anthony Edwards is going to Nicole without randomized T-wolds in this break, here's a national pride one, maybe some low numbers, numbered cards would be nice to find for those, those these top tier rookies here, Nancy's here watching, hi Nancy, it's John Wall to 85, now we are booked up for the night ladies and gentlemen this is a pretty long break that'll gobble up a lot of time, then we've got a few other quick little breaks to close out the night, but we have Chris Jaspy on the IG, on Instagram Live right now, so I don't think he's booked for the night, so if you want to knock out some personal boxes with him you can check out Instagram Live, at Jaspy's breaks Instagram Live, Nancy's here, Nicole's here, good, Nicole got the T-Wolves in this from a from a spot that she won in the filler, we can get some low numbered Anthony Edwards cards, some gold cards maybe, that would be pretty nice, pretty pretty pretty nice, how's my fancy baseball team doing you guys, let's find out here, oh is that out, Gabe, where's Gilo, Gilo, Gabe, Gabe you have Max Muncie on your fantasy team, he just hit a grand slam, Gilo, Gabe, Gabe's not listening, Gilo's not listening, there you go, how's Joe's fantasy team doing here, Logan Ohop, one for two, good, Spencer Steer, two for four, with a double and an RBI, I'll take it, Jeff McNeil, one for four, double and two RBI's, I'll take it, Luis Ringifo, two for three, two RBI's like that, Trey Turner, three for four, three, an RBI, three runs scored and a stolen base, nice, Ben Intendi, one for four, Brandon Marsh, three for five, two doubles, a home run, that's a nice day for Brandon Marsh, three RBI's, there's my guy James Altman, one for two, Anna Walk and a stolen base, one for two with a triple, Otani's O for two, but Stanton, one for four with a double, a couple RBI's, nice, and I got Immanuel Classe with a one inning save, two strikeout save, it's a nice fantasy day for my team, second place and nine and a half or nine Roto points behind, behind Waka, Michael Waka, Waka, Waka, it's not actually Michael Waka, it's just the name of his team, you're welcome Nicole, thanks for, thanks for getting in, appreciate it, and for the Thunder, Alexi Pokusevski, for OKC, the Thunder, going to Nicholas, Thunder had a really nice season this year without Chet Holmstrom, there's Gilo, Gilo I was calling for you, did you hear me, another Muncie Homer, a grand slam, a grand salami, there's an Akongu variation for Nicole and the Hawks, that's right, three for three, two home runs, seven RBI's gave, I like it, you like it, you like that, you like that, it's Killian Hayes, 30 out of 85, Rex has an idea, what do you guys think about Rex's revamp all-star game idea, have it after the World Series and just have all the players of the best stats, Killian Hayes for Detroit, Simon, so you're saying like no fan voting or anything like that, get rid of that, make it a after season exhibition event, hmm that's interesting, but I anticipate some issues, if they do it after the World Series, which is when you'd have to do it right, then there will be a number of players that might have the best stats that haven't been playing for a month, right, because the playoffs takes what, from October through early November, it's like a month of a lot of majority of the league not playing, and then you're saying have them ramp up, get back out there, that sounds like an injury nightmare to me, do players, how often do players get serious injuries though in an all-star game, this is a concern, I guess for pitchers most, I feel like pitchers mostly, right, they don't want them like kind of throwing out of turn in the rotation or whatever, the time to do it would be, well no, not after regular season because then you don't want players playing an exhibition game before the playoff, any of the playoff players probably wouldn't want to play, although it is kind of weird to do it in the middle of the season, right, because it's like a sort of a mid-season award being an all-star, some goal out of 10, TJ Warren, three out of 10 for the Pacers, that's going to go to Chad, the Pacers, would doing it before the season starts, would that be too weird to honor 2022 all-stars before the 2023 season, that's kind of weird too, right, because by then there may be players that were all-stars on different teams and then would be, how would you get the, now that would just look weird, right, because some all-stars may be on different teams the following season, hmm, so Alec Caruso, 74 out of 85, I do like the idea of just, let's just take the fan vote out of it, I guess the kids like that, but I don't know, why not just take the fan vote out of it, just say whoever has the best is PJ Washington Jr., variation, no it doesn't have a variation V on it, but just in case I'll sleeve it up, James Weissman, there's the variation right there, that is for Chad and the Warriors, Alex Vescia has loaded the bases, come on Alex, what are you doing, they should play a flag football game and for the Pro Bowl they should play a base a softball game Gilo, is that what you're thinking? I think you know who would like that? Gilo is is, is Jock Peterson, I think he played football in high school, did he play football with, yeah he played football with Devonte Adams, in his senior year he led the team, not Devonte, he led the team with 30 receptions, 650 yards and nine touchdowns, Peterson was the team's number one wide receiver according to Wikipedia, racking up more yards and touchdowns than his teammate, future NFL two-time all-pro first team wide receiver Devonte Adams, who was a junior at the time, I'm sure Devonte Adams' senior numbers were quite nice, but I guess not nice enough, he only ended up at Fresno State, Alejandro Kirk would probably be a good football player, baseball players who would be a good NFL player, what position would Alejandro Kirk play in the NFL? Alejandro Kirk is 5'8", 245, running back, there's the Hunta Murray, 36 out of 50, that would be for the Spurs, that's gonna go to Tristan and the autograph, is that Jay Chantay, yes nice, nice autograph for the rocket Steve Birch with Houston, like Dan Vogelbach's a big dude, 6'2", 70, where are we seeing Dan Vogelbach, could be a could be a nose tackle maybe, a defensive end, Jose Altuvi would be some sort of speedy receiver, like a Tyreek Hill, it's Trey Young 35 out of 85, Nicole with the ATL and we've got an Anthony Edwards variation, all these add up Nicole, get some of these graded, hopefully we get some PSA 10s out of here, Aaron Judge 6'7", 282, that's what is that, that's a, that's a, it's like a tight end, can you imagine Aaron Judge as a tight end, 6'7", 282, how big's Kelsey, Gila, how big's Travis Kelsey, now the random.org gods shining upon you Nicole, it's good to get the Timberwolves in this one, oh wow, Dr's got out of that, unscathed, yeah there you go, Mark, Mark saying, Dilara saying, Lebron by comparison 6'8", 250, Kelsey is 6'5", 250, oh man, Aaron Judge could be a tight end in the NFL, that's a good position for him, or if he was a little slimmer, he's got a little bit of speed, right, if he, if he sheds a little bit of weight, I mean he could, he could be kind of a big wide receiver as well, it's wide receiver with, with that kind of size, Trout is 6'2", 235, could also be, Trout's got a little speed too, could be a good, good receiver, I did see that, Travis Kelsey's first pitch for the Guardians, but it wasn't like 50 cent bad though, although I'm not so confident I could do any better, in the pressure filled moment, maybe far more confident throwing a football, Anthony Edwards, right, Kirk and Judge away the same, except Judge has some inches in height on him, there's Isaac Okoro, Jenna with Cleveland, Cleveland, this is for you, oh, I see an Anthony Edwards, I see the color blue, I spy with my eye a 23 out of 85 NBA debut, Anthony Edwards, nice, got some serial numbers here, that's for Nicole, and Minnesota, big, that's what they say, right, is that how they pronounce bag, big, yeah we'll give it the color match, right, matches up with the color of the team, I like that, you like that, you like that, someone calling the store right, we're closed, sorry, we're open at 11, the person is calling, Obi Toppin, for the Knicks, what's everyone's favorite Toppin, Mario with the Knicks, whether it's a frozen yogurt, whether it's a pizza maybe, ice cream, what's your favorite Toppin, mushroom on a frozen yogurt huh, so now I'm kidding, yeah I like a mushroom pizza, oh you think that's Alejandro Kirk calling to file a complaint, because were we sighs shaming him, that was the first quarter of the case, here's the second quarter of the case, someone's really trying to call, probably a spam call, it's not, a robo call, it's the same dude that's going to play center app, got audio again, someone at the hours of 9 p.m. or later, something that's horribly terribly wrong, right, right, I don't think that's the case with our back-to-back calls here, no I don't think so, I'm a phone guy, I prefer the text message, or the, especially if I'm speaking with a retailer, that's Cam Reddish for the ATL, Fast Break Autograph for Nicole, got some blue on the bottom, and it is Tyrese Maxi, National Pride Blue, 72 out of 85, Tristan with the Sixers, Tristan what's going on, yeah it's a lot of boxes, but this breaks in spite of the length of time, it's actually a pretty smooth break, all the cards are pretty much right side up, you know, maybe only one numbered card a box, one auto a box, I'm not sleeving and top loading too much stuff, there's Lamello variation for Steve Birch, you know the packs open real smoothly, that's always a plus, you know we've been seeing some decent stuff like this LeBron James, 12 out of 20, National Pride, Pink Parallel, for my Lakers, that's going to be for David in the Lakers, last spot Mojo, I think these numbered LeBron cards have a decent amount of value, and you'll be getting all of them too, all card shit, all right another box, all right let's see what else is going on, we've got mostly finals, final scores here, Diamondbacks shut out the Brewers 3-0, Rockies beat the Cardinals 7-4, Rangers beat the Royals 11-2, Cubs beat the Mariners 3-2 on a Nico Horner walk off the site, Raves beat the Reds and Extras 5-4, Sean Murphy walk off homer, Metz shut out the Padres, Philly's, Philly's destroyed Sandy Alcantara 15-3, 20 hits too, Raves undefeated, 10-0, is their record 1-0 was their win, when they first started off you know 4-0, 5-0, then it was just like all right I mean that's no opening weekend sweep of a team, it's fine, but when you start getting to double digits that's when you've got to start paying attention, the record is 13-0 to start an MLB season, so let's keep an eye on that, I think they've got to sweep the Red Sox to get there, Astros beat the Pirates 8-2, Orioles beat the A's 5-1, Guardians beats the Yankees 3-2, White Sox beat the Twins 4-3, Dodgers leading the Giants 9-1 in the bottom of the 8th, and in the bottom of the 8th Nationals are leading the Angels 6-4. Tristan was saying you were pre-screening some Wanderers and Julios for submissions, oh he got some tired-out eyes looking through a magnifying lens, looking at surface and edges, out of probably like 50 cards, you're probably only going to submit 7 or 8, that's some dedication, I could use a jeweler's loop here, maybe I could make use of that, there's Blake Griffin to 85 for the Nets, that'll be for Steve Birch, I would love for like PSA or something like that to have like a, I don't know, to have like a little introductory course on like, hey here's how our graders do some stuff, here's what we're looking out for, it'd be nice to be able to kind of have some of the basics from the people who are doing it, you know, Race 116, well Rays are in a tough division, I don't think they've, I think this Red Sox series might be the first game against a division opponent, so those games are going to get a lot tougher, there's Patrick Williams, rookie autograph, we'll see him in the play-in game, that will be for David Lemons and the Bulls, last spot mojo, you know, Jaspeas is great for, Jaspeas is great for new parents, especially if they're waking you up in the middle of the night, especially if you're on a different time zone, Rudy Gobert, the fighter, two out of 50 for the Jazz, it's for Steve Birch, all right, next box, good luck, he did have a numbered Tyrese Maxi, I thought, that's in there somewhere, hey Jordan Walker has extended his hit streak to 10 games, it's pretty exciting, I think his cardinal is highly touted prospect, so I don't know if you were necessarily, I don't think you were necessarily getting your, letting your Jordan Walker's gather any dust, but it's time to take a look at maybe what Jordan Walker can do this season, you know what, I got a, in the break schedule, I got to make like a little tab for like one key rookie on every team to kind of keep an eye out for, we'll work on that at some point, all right, another box, have it your way, let's keep going, we got a Grayson Allen, 38 out of 50 for Memphis, that's going to go to Tristan and the Gris, staying up late, there's Lamello National Pride for Steve, there's Anthony Edwards and Bane, Desmond Bane, variation for the Gris, that's for Tristan, and an NBA debut, Anthony Edwards for Nicole and Minnesota, there's a Jason Tatum, National Pride 60 out of 85 for the Cs, Chad C with the Cs, yeah that uh, Gilo Plano, Rays have already scored 76 runs, whose next closest team, 60 I think, Dodgers, and the Rays have 76, also more importantly, look at the run differential, Rays have a plus 58 run diff, and as the Dodgers only have plus 16, the second highest is the Brewers at plus 22, they've only scored 48 runs, and they've allowed 26, Rays have allowed less than 20 runs this season, 20, they've allowed 18 runs, yeah Rays pitchers dialed in too, Dylan as well, just Tristan, here's Michael Porter Jr, fast break autograph for Denver, that's for Jenna, and the Nuggets, I mean it's baseball, you know there's going to be a regression for sure, but that's an impressive start, although who are they playing though, Tigers for three games, Nats for three games, A's for three games, but still hey wins are wins right, it's hard to win in baseball, yeah if Wander can say healthy the entire season that would be huge, not only for uh, not only for the Rays, but for the hobby, hashtag good for the hobby, Royals new manager from the Rays, we haven't gotten to 30 runs yet, come on, come on Royals, yeah my predictive model which is not great at the moment keeps wanting me to take the Royals, but they've been losing me, losing me some money, you won't see Stephen Kwan make the all star game, that would be good for the hobby too, I feel like if uh, if someone named Julio Rodriguez didn't exist in the AL, that's even Kwan might have been the uh, might have been your AL rookie of the year last year, hmm aside from tonight, Royals pitching is holding down the court so far, just can't score, yeah what's going on there, what's Bobby with Jr doing, all right we've got Robin Lopez 61 out of 85 for Steve Birch, Bobby with Jr hitting like 150, need Bobby with Jr to have like Wander Franco numbers, that's what we want to see, Sean Kemp for the Cavs, that's gonna be for Jenna and Cleveland, this is for you, Cleveland, this is for you, I do not remember Sean Kemp, Cavs edition by the way, I have no memory of that, and a gold Denia Vija, that's a 10, two out of 10, Steve Birch, NBA debut, other Anthony Edwards, all those add up, Payton Prichard, variation for the Celtics, big triple double for Payton Prichard recently, Malachi Flynn, other box coming up, who does everyone have in the playoffs, I think we've got a play-in game, Lakers and Timberwolves playing against each other, I think both of those games are TNT games tomorrow, Timberwolves at Lakers, that's a late game on TNT, who does everyone have, according to ESPN, Lakers are projected to win by 85.4%, they are the favorites at minus eight, facing a little drama to close out the season, no Rudy Gaubert, and I feel like Rudy Gaubert has played played well against against the Lakers in previous meetings, I think Jayden McDaniels is out too, I think he broke a hand or a wrist or something like that, Lakers close out the season on a strong note, winning four of their last five games, they beat some easy comments, they beat the Rockets and the Jazz in OT, that was a dangerous loss almost, they lost the Trippers, they beat the Suns but they weren't really, I don't think they played any of their starters, and then they beat the Utah Jazz, Timberwolves lost the Lakers in their last meeting in late March, then lost the Trailblazers right after that, but then beat the Nets, beat the Spurs, put 151 on the Spurs, and then beat the Pelicans 113-108, so everyone agrees a Lakers, all right, the early game is Atlanta at Miami, or maybe nobody wanted to hurt my feelings, Atlanta at Miami, this is a little more of an even matchup, 56.4%, Miami according to ESPN, 25 out of 50, Talon Horton Tucker, Lakers, that'll be for David, heat or favorite by five, Anthony Edwards and then Onyeka Okongu, I think both of these going to Nicole, right, Nicole has the Hawks and the T-wolves, Gila just roots for the coolest uniforms, all right, so heat and Hawks, what do you think wins, nobody fired up about basketball, maybe no one's fired up about playing games, and we got a blue Anthony Edwards, 28 out of 85, T-wolves, Nicole with the Timberwolves, nice, that's our second one, I think, a color match, and behind Lamello is Anthony's teammate, Jaden McDaniels, all right, Clippers and heat got some rocking uniforms to this Gila, so that's what he's supporting, you think we've seen six to seven Edwards numbers today, maybe more, that's good, I like that, all right, we are halfway through this break, Gila's thinking maybe root for the Kings because they used to be in Kansas City here in Kansas City, all right, well I say, am I going chalky, am I going favorites, I kind of want to see Atlanta do some work in the playoffs, I feel like that's good for the hobby, Trey Young, you get some national TV time, you know, have some lights out performances, I'd like to see that, on Wednesday both of the games are ESPN games, anyone have any thoughts on Chicago at Toronto, I wouldn't mind seeing what would I like to see, a lot of former Lakers on Chicago, you've had want to see the Bulls events, Toronto's favored minus five, and then the late game on ESPN on Wednesday will be Oklahoma City at Nalans, the Pelicans, I guess without Zion, I feel like the Pelicans aren't super exciting, which Zion was out there though, I do like that Pelicans team though, but a lot of good for the hobby opportunities, you know, for Oklahoma City, no Chet Holmstrom obviously, but you know, guys like Josh Giddy, if anyone has any Clippers edition SGA, rookie cards, that'd be good for the hobby, he does well, all right back here, speaking of the Kings, Tyrese Halliburton variation, this is Kings edition that goes to Tristan, and we got a Maxi Kleeva, 78 out of 85, Dallas, it's gonna be for Nicholas, and then I guess on Friday there'll be the two, the final two play-in games that'll determine the eight seeds, and we got for the Spurs, Trey Jones, rookie auto for the Spurs, that's gonna go out to Tristan, and the National Pride Anthony Edwards, all right another box, so the games that don't require teams to wait for play-in matchups, first group of games, so the Bucks and the Celtics are gonna wait for the play-in results, one series that is said is Sixers, the three seed playing the Brooklyn Nets, the six seed, Sixers obviously heavy favorites to move on, is Joel Embiid, put 52 on the Celtics, is Joel Embiid a, is he the MVP, or is it gonna go to Nikola Jokic again, ESPN has giving the Sixers a 75% chance of advancing, I could see Brooklyn taking a game, I think that might be it, it might be a 4-1 series, a gentleman's sweep, I think the other matchup, Cavs versus Nix, so the ESPN numbers, whatever they're worth, has the Nix 52% chance of advancing, but the series odds is Cavs minus 205, so they're pretty favored, I like the Cleveland roster too, Gabe, Gabe was mentioning earlier he likes the Cleveland roster, I think that's a fun team to watch, I think that could be, I mean they're four or five seed, so I feel like they're, they are who we thought they were, but it could be a good series, I could see like a seven game series here, so Anthony Edwards, NBA debut, and a James Weissman, four out of ten, NBA debut gold for Chad and the Warriors, and a Tyrese Halliburton, rookie autograph for Tristan and the Kings, we were talking earlier in the first case that in recent memory at least, probably one of the, one of the trades, one of the few trades in recent memory that kind of worked out for both teams, wasn't super lopsided, one way or the other, Anthony Edwards, national pride for Nicole, Minnesota, all right another box, let's take a look at those uh the Cavs and that Nix roster, I guess this might, this has the makings of a really fun series, I think, I think that'll be the one sort of non sort of Lakers series that I'll be I'll be watching, or maybe if the Lakers don't advance, I might need a team to root for, they got Darius Garland, Donovan Mitchell, Isaac Acoro, Evan Mobley, Jared Allen, it's a pretty well balanced team, they got a decent bench too, Karis Laverne can score some points off the bench, they got a, they got a vet in a Ricky Rubio in there, Chetty Osmond solid, they got a, they got Danny Green on that team, need a quick clutch three or two, Danny Green can get in there and provide that, I don't know much about the coach, but if they got in this far, I'm sure there's been some good coaching there, some just good, some good balance there, Donovan Mitchell, good fit with this team, they got some good guard play, they got some good bigs, is Jalen Brunson out for this game? There's a little red O next to his name indicating out, well two days ago Brunson hand will not suit up for the regular season finale, he's got to play this playoff game, he's gonna, he's gonna play, but we got Jalen Brunson, we got Quinn Grimes, RJ Barrett, Obi Toppin, Mitchell Robinson, why do they not have Julius Randall on this list? Oh he's not out, oh they moved him around, do you think he's out too? He's not, Julius Randall, RJ Barrett, Obi Toppin, Emmanuel quickly off the bench, it's a good team too, got Josh Hart for some threes, and that's gonna be an exciting series, speaking of Donovan Mitchell, there's Jazz Edition right there, All-Cards ship, we got a Belitza, 42 out 85, Heat for Nicole, former King maybe, and the autograph behind Elevee is Spencer Dinwiddy, fast break autograph for Brooklyn, it's gonna go to Steve Birch and the Nets, Lonnie Walker the fourth for the Spurs, 28 out of 50, behind National Pride Anthony Edwards, Tyrese Maxi variation, that's for Tristan and the Sixers, Anthony Edwards, Nicole, and Minnesota, another box, so Denver and and Memphis are waiting on play-in winners, I think that King's on the western side of things, so the King's and Warriors, that's gotta be a fun, that's gotta be a fun series, their 16-year playoff drought coming to an end, and the King's have been scoring, scoring just points at will, Darren Fox averaging 25 a night, DeMonte Sabonis averaging 19 and 12, 7 assists a night, Kevin Huter adding 15 a night, Harrison Barnes 15 a night, Malik Monk 13 a night, getting Keegan Murray, Kidd, 12 a night, five rebounds, and an assist a night, it's pretty good, they lead the league in points per game with 120.7, next closest, Warriors 118.9, so it's gonna come down to, we know both teams can score, which team is gonna play defense, that will be the, that'll be the big thing, right, and both teams give up about the same amount of points, all right, so it's, King's give about 118 points a night, Warriors give up about 117 points a night, so it's gonna come down to who's gonna play, maybe not, I mean it doesn't even have to be consistent defense throughout a game, it's like who's, because you know the points are gonna happen, but who's gonna, who's gonna play defense in the last five minutes of the game, when it counts, that's gonna be the key to each game, we got a blue Norman Powell to 85 for Portland, that'll go to Nicole, and behind Lamar Stevens is Kenyon Martin Jr., fast break autograph for Houston, Steve Birch and the Rockets, the Rockets Red Glare, Mellow Ball National Pride for Steve, all right, what's the other West matchup that's already set, Suns at Clippers, that should be a fun one too, Suns are kind of heavily favored in this, Suns are going all the way to the finals right, I mean I feel like anything less than that would be a disappointment with that roster, and Clippers don't have Paul George at a critical time, he had a really bad like, hyper extended knee or something crazy like that, all right Desmond Bain, oh you think darkness is your friend, oh my god, I was born in it, all this NBA talk, I can tell in the chat everyone's fired up about the NBA playoffs, chat is on fire, I'll be topping with the next Mario, just want to do a quick mic check, anyone out there, everyone's sick of this break already, there's Malik Beasley to 85, he's been a great addition to the Lakers, maybe the stream crashed, Jason's saying it's fine, good, okay, just making sure, just making sure, almost done folks, final five boxes, which I'm sure will be music to your ears, final five boxes, and then we've got a couple, we got some quick one box breaks to knock out, we've got a Donner's pack to knock out after this, an impeccable box, a capstone box, and that'll probably bring us to the end of the night, James it's close, it's gonna end, we've got another 30 minutes to go, so this break will be done by a little bit past the top of the hour, Nicole's still here, all right great, just making sure people are still alive, all right, we're getting there, I had no idea these fast break cases were so dense, I thought these were just hour-long cases, but maybe I was thinking of a case of mosaic hobby, which I think landed about 45 minutes to an hour, you just have to fast break this faster, I think these breaks are like almost two hours, hour 45, hour 40, thanks Nicole, you're welcome, we're getting there, I don't think I definitely would not have been able to do this break, I mean I would have, but I think I would have been gassed if I did this break, two cases in a row, I don't have the breaking stamina for that, not anymore anyway, one out of 50, Steph Curry, been doing this for eight, nine years, it's Cole Anthony Rookie Otto, nice one for Orlando, Chad with the magic, a lot of innings in this arm, looking at the odds from Draft Kings, NBA Champion odds, the Bucks are the favorites at plus 265, the Celtics are next at plus 320, then the Suns at plus 425, I don't know if you're a Suns fan, about four to one to win the whole thing, don't mind that, then it jumps to the Sixers at plus 900, that's about nine to one, Warriors are about nine to one, Nuggets are plus 1100, 11 to one, my Lakers 18 to one, plus 1800, their odds should be longer than that, but just the public nature of the Lakers and LeBron, Grizz are plus 2000, Clippers are plus 4000, Cavs plus 4000, it's 40 to one, Kings are 80 to one, plus 8000, Knicks are 14, plus 14000, 140 to one, the Heat are about 250 to one, T-Wolves about 300 to one, then it just goes from there, Raptors, Hawks, Pelicans, Nets, Thunder, and Bulls, although Jason Jaspie, a big fan of the O.K.C. Thunder, they're at plus 100,000, so I think that's a thousand to one, put $10 on that, and we've got an Isaiah Joe, three out of 10 for the Sixers, that's going to be for Tristan, and another one for Tristan from Isaiah Joe to Tyrese Maxie, Sixers are plus 900, it'd be good to, I don't know, is there a Sixers like window? How open is that window? How close is it? You've got Joe Allen being playing excellent basketball, MVP level basketball, been healthy for a little while, this next season or two might be in that, James Harden isn't getting any younger, and I think he's dealing with some sort of ankle issue or something like that, foot issue, there's another Anthony Edwards variation, I don't think that, do the Bucks have a window? I don't think so, I think that window is pretty open as long as Giannis is on that team, as long as they keep refreshing the pieces around Giannis, I think they'll be fine, and of course the Sun's window will be however long KD is there, it's like three or four more years, I guess Warriors window is however long Steph and Clay can play at that level, they've got some youngsters that looked great last season, maybe took a step back this season, but if they can get another draft, another free agent window, they've got to figure out what to do with Draymond and free agency, they kind of work some pieces out, they'll still be in the mix, is there a Nuggets window? I think they're just going to keep rolling with who they have, just hope that all just clicks one year, as long as Yokic and guys like Michael Porter Jr. are healthy, to Mal Murray is contributing and healthy and all that says, as long as they have that, they're always going to be in the mix, I guess the next favorite would be the Lakers definitely have a window, that's the LeBron window, because once he's gone in the next year or two and they got to figure out, I don't know, I guess Anthony Davis still has a few more years left, they got to kind of figure all that out, yeah they have to watch out from the right hook from Draymond Green, some of the longer shot teams like, okay see they've got a really big window, they've got a lot of draft capital, a lot of draft assets they have moving forward, they got Chet Holmgrim coming back next year, if they already played this well without Chet Holmgrim, imagine adding Chet Holmgrim to this team, plus they'll draft some more players I would imagine and they could lure a free agent or two out to OKC, it's Desmond Bain variation, Memphis that's going to be for Tristan and the Grizzlies, another Desmond Bain for Tristan, 7 out of 20, you think his punch may have affected team chemistry? I don't know, I mean I think for the first week after that probably, but they still ended up with the six seed 44 wins and I think as long as leaders like Steph Curry and Clay Thompson and Steve Kerr, guys like as long as those guys are there, I don't think that's going to be an issue, yeah I think Chet Holmgrim staying healthy would be great, he's almost the opposite of Zion, he's too skinny, but that should technically mean less weight on his joints, I don't know, is there a sweet spot there? He's 7-1-194, it's Malachi Flynn for Toronto, that'll be for Chet, or maybe you want to keep Chet Holmgrim that thin, it doesn't put a lot of pressure on that body, on that frame, that's according to the Wikipedia, the internet, it's the Google, yeah I'm sure, I mean he's only 20 years old, if they put him on a, even the standard you know, NBA weight training and workout program, I'm sure he'll add a little bit of muscle to that frame, but I don't think he needs too much, you know, if you have foot injuries, how much weight do you want to add to that frame and that foot? He's missed the season due to a Lisfrank injury, let's see, the Lisfrank injury, also known as a Lisfrank fracture is an injury of the foot in which one or more metatarsal bones are displaced from the tarsus, you don't want the metatarsals displaced from the tarsus, I guess on the foot it would be like where your knuckles would be, on your hand, it's right there, in athletic trauma, Lisfrank injuries occur commonly in activities such as wind surfing, kite surfing, wakeboarding, or snowboarding, where a client's bindings pass directly over the metatarsals, American football players occasionally acquire this injury and it most often occurs in the athlete's foot, it's planter flexed and another player lands on the heel, this can also be seen pivoting athletic actions such as a baseball catcher or a ballerina spinning, so there's your medical school for the day. Who's been my favorite player to watch in recent years? I mean it's been, it's definitely been a joy to watch Clayton Kershaw pitch. I think he's probably as close as to Sandy Kofax as we probably get. Yeah, I think maybe over stretching the Achilles might affect these metatarsals right over here. I'm going to flip screens for a second, there it is, that arrow is kind of the area, but along, not just that area, but along the sort of, I guess it's almost like displacing like a knuckle or something like that. Here's Chris Smollin for the Pacers, that's for Chad, and the Pacers got the Pacers in a trade. I'm trying to think, if you're pivoting, right, you're almost, you're almost on your toes, right, and if you're pivoting a little bit, kind of on the ball of the foot right there, another Lamello ball, there's Dania Vizia. Right, yeah, I mean that's what they used to do in the old days I think, right? It would just be like, let's just, let's just wrap it up. You know, wrap it up, stitch it up, put a, put a slab of meat on there or something like that, put it into mice, wrap it up real tight and let's go. There's an Anthony Edwards, not a variation, but a parallel of that base. Right, couple Advil, wrap it up, have the trainer wrap it up real tight. I don't know, well you can go to part one of this video, Chad, and you can go to the, scroll to the end, go to the recap and count, and then come back and let us know what the total is, and then I'll do a recap here and we can count. Okay, we can get you a total. A lot I feel like though, a lot more than Lamello, maybe Lamello's more short printed in this in this set. It seems like it anyway. I was serious, I wasn't trying to be funny. You're not going to help? I need a, I need a stats and info department. Chad is passing on that job. Chaspy, stat and info. You know, I need that stats and info department whenever someone's just like, man, this is totally a Red Sox case. And if you actually do the math on some breaks, it's really not. But you know, people will fixate on these. This is like, those are the only teams hitting, and actually turned out to be a lot more even than people think. That's why I need the stats and info department. I'd be like, it's really not. I mean, it's possible that the biggest hit might have been a particular team, and then there's some other hits around that. And then people would be like Yankees case. Just Yankees, just the same teams over and over again. In reality, it's not. Bradley Beal is our last autograph, our 40th auto in this dual case, break Steve Birch with the wizards. That's why Nolan Ryan wasn't Advil, spokesman, wasn't he? Spokesman? Spokesperson? Pitchman, as they would sometimes call it back in the day. Ambassador could be called at this point as well. Yeah, you know, you'd be surprised at how common those questions are, Chad. Come on with some responses. We've got a variation, Peyton Prichard. Chad C with the C's gets the Peyton Prichard. We've got Reggie Bullock, 10 out of 50.  Reggie Bullock, 10 out of 50. We'll go to the Knicks. That'll be for Mario and the New York Knicks. All right. This is the recap for part two of this dual case break. Are we counting, Chad? One, two, three Anthony Edwards's. Four, five, five, five Anthony Edwards's. That's your dual case break, ladies and gentlemen. This is part two, part one's in a different video description in the link in the description. Strike that, reverse it. Thanks for watching, everybody. I'm Joe. I'll see you next time for the next one. Bye-bye.


Dear students, the last few lectures we have discussed the different aspects of nuclear chemistry namely the radioactive decay, the different types of decays like alpha, beta and gamma and also the structure of nuclei, the different models like liquid drop model, shell model and how the model can explain the different properties of nuclei. Now, we will start discussing the different types of radiations, how they interact with matter and also that will help us in deciding how to make a detector for these radiations. So, in the coming few lectures, I will be discussing upon interaction of radiation with matter and radiation detection and measurements. Let us first discuss what type of radiations that we are trying to discuss, we will call them ionizing radiations. So, the ionizing radiations means that radiations which cause ionization when they pass through the medium and you can then really understand that these radiations have energies have then the ionization energy of different materials with which they pass. These radiations are in fact, invisible to the human eye and so you require detectors, if you want to detect these radiations there are suitable detectors for this purpose. Before that, let us discuss, we can try to categorize them depending upon the type of interactions that and that are go. So, we will discuss the interactions based on the types of different types of radiations. So, you can see here that we have the different types of radiations like heavy charged particles once which are of nuclear material like nuclei, protons, alpha particles, fish and fragments. So, these heavy ions which involve a nuclear matter nucleus, we will call them heavy charged particle at CP. Then we have the light charged particles like electrons and positrons, even the beta particles will come in that category even OZ electrons will come in that category. So, these are charged particles but light, they are not nuclear particles, they are the extra nuclear particles. Then we have the electromagnetic radiations gamma rays x rays and then we lastly we have the neutral particles like neutrons. These are the four classifications in which we will discuss them one by one. The examples of heavy charged particles are the alpha particles, the protons or even heavy ions. You can have in a accelerator you can produce carbon ions, lithium ions, oxygen ions. So, how to detect them also is interesting. Fish and fragments, when the fragments are emitted from the fissioning nuclei, they are heavily charged particles and therefore their interactions are similar to heavy charged particles and the sources of these HCPs like alpha particles are emitted by actinides like thorium, uranium, plutonium and so on. Protons are emitted, protons are in fact emitted in nuclear reactions or we can have an accelerator producing high energy protons and fish and fragments are emitted in spontaneous fission or induced fission. So, many times we need to detect the fish and fragments. For example, as 210 polonium is a source of alpha particles, even plutonium 239 or radium 226 are there are sources of alpha particles and if you have a spontaneous fissioning, I stopped like californium 252 that is a source of fish and fragments. Among the beta particles we have beta particles, beta plus, beta minus, we can have electrons from an accelerator. So, tritium, carbon 14, phosphorus 32, these are all beta emitters, they emit beta minus and in internal conversion or electron capture types of decay, you can have emission of OZ electrons. They are relatively low in energy, but they are having energy more than the emission energy of different materials. In the electromagnetic radiation category, we have gamma rays and x-rays. We have already discussed how gamma rays are emitted in host, beta or alpha decay like cobalt-60 or helium-137 and we will also discuss today a type of radiation called Brimstallen which is emitted when the beta particles or high energy electrons interact with the any material. The neutrons are available in the reactors in plenty. They are also emitted from the neutron sources like californium 252 or americium beryllium or antimony beryllium type of sources. So, we will discuss all these types of additions and their interactions in these coming lectures. Why we need to study this subject of interaction radiation matter? We know that radioactivity is there in environment all along our body contains radioactivity in terms of carbon 14, potassium 14 and nature contains uranium, thorium and earth crust. So, we are in amidst low levels of radiation and we need to know how much it is. Then we will be handling radioactive samples like actinides or you can have radioactive isotopes for your experiments or you will be working in a radioactive area. So, you need to know what type of radiation that you are going to have in the area, what is the level of that radiation. So, for all these since the radiations are invisible, we need to have detectors suitable detectors when we go to a radioactive area or when we want to use count radiations. Then to make the radiation detectors, then we need to know how these radiations interact with the matter. Depending upon that, we can discuss how to make a detector for a particular type of radiation. So, before we go to the actual interaction of different radiations with matter, I thought I will just give you a feel of how much they can travel in any medium. So, this slide just gives you kind of distances, these different radiations can travel in a material. For example, alpha particles. So, alpha particle anything but W charge the helium atom H e 2 plus and it can be stopped even by a thin sheet of paper. So, maybe few hundreds of microns. I suppose you have you are wearing surgical gloves, they are enough to stop the alpha, it will not reach your hands. The beta particles of energy one or two a levy can be stopped even by one or two millimeters of aluminum metal foil, aluminum metal. So, you can see they are having higher, they can travel more distances. So, their ranges are higher. The gamma rays are waves electromagnetic radiations. So, they can travel much more distance and you require a high jet material as you will discuss later on. Almost a two inch thick lead brick is required to stop the gamma ray. And the neutrons, neutrons are neutral particles, but certain materials have very high neutron absorption cross sections like paraffin wax. In fact, paraffin wax is a low jet material, it can stop the neutrons very fast and then if you have it contains some neutron poisons like boron, cadmium, gadolinium like that. So, they can be used to shield ourselves from the neutrons. So, typically paraffin wax, borator water are used as neutron shield. So, that gives you an even shield. So, this one should be two centimeters two inches thick shield for neutrons. So, now let us come to the interaction of recharge particles with matter. So, as I mentioned the heavy charge particles are particles associated with the nuclei like protons, alpha particles, heavy ions, H i means heavy ions and the fission fragments. So, the fission fragments actually know they were like for example, a californium 252 fissons, you will have fission fragments of masses 100 to 150. So, and then their charges could be 20 plus. So, heavily charged ions, so their interactions are also included when we discuss. But for the sake of simplicity, I will be taking example of protons and alpha, the same relations hold for heavy ions and fission fragments. The typical energies of this radiation is involved like in alpha decay as I mentioned earlier. The energy of alpha particles are in the range of 4 to 8 MeV. So, 1 MeV equal to 1.602 into 10 to the power minus 13 joules, 1 electron mole 10 to the power minus 19 joules and so you can calculate. So, what is the energy? So, this normally joules will be whatever the bond energies you say kilo calories per mole, kilo joules per mole that is per mole. When we are talking about MeV, 1 MeV or per decay, one single alpha particle will have energy of 4 MeV or 8 MeV. Similarly, the protons of energy to MeV to even 10 MeV can be produced in nuclear accelerators and in nuclear reactions protons will have energies 1 to 2 MeV. Fission fragments have energies of hundreds of MeV and the heavy ions can be of energy of tens or 2 to few tens of MeVs. So, we are talking about energies which are in the range of millions of electron volts which is much above the energy required to ionize a particular material. And so, because of their charge, they interact with the material basically by interaction with the atomic electrons. Now, in the material the major volume is occupied by electrons as you know by this time that the nuclei occupy a very small volume in an atom. For example, this is an atom, the nucleus occupy very small volume and the rest is all electrons are occupied. So, when the heavy charge particle is coming and interacting with the material, it will be seen mostly the electrons. So, the nucleus, the nucleus offers you know it is with electrons which the heavy charge particle is interacting and it is like in a collision now. So, it is a collision between a heavy ion and an electron. So, you can see the heavy ion is very, very heavy, massive particle compared to electron, mass of proton is of the order of 2000 times that of electron. So, it will just give a its momentum, significant part of its momentum electron and electron will be knocked out. So, that will be calling as a ionization. So, the ionization you can see here alpha particle when it is interacting with an atom A, then A will be ionized. For example, it is argon atom will become argon plus, helium atom, helium plus, oxygen plus and an electron is ejected out from the atom. But in addition to ionization many a times you know even though the energy of the alpha particle or charge particle is much higher than the energy of electrons, the atoms may remain in the excited state instead of ionization. So, ionization and excitation are these two modes of interaction of the heavy charge particle with any matter. Now, you may ask why nuclear reaction cannot take place. So, as I discussed earlier the nuclear reaction requires a certain coulomb barrier to be crossed. So, first of all the probability of interacting the nucleus is very small because the nucleus occupying very small volume in the material. And secondly, even if it is interacting with an electron with the nucleus, then the energy of the heavy charge particle should be sufficiently high to cross the coulomb barrier of this nucleus to induce any nuclear reaction. So, predominantly like the energy that we are talking about for alpha protons or QMEB, we will resolve that it is mostly electron, electronic interaction, interaction of electrons that is coulombic interaction. So, ionization and excitation are the two modes of interaction, we will call it electronic stop. Now, just to give you a field for the energies and the velocities of ions, why you know how when the alpha particle comes out of a nucleus, it remains such doubly charged helium atom just to compare the velocity of alpha and the electrons velocity in atoms. So, for a hydrogen atom the velocity of electron is 0.1810 power 8 centimeter per second and see the alpha particle of the compatible velocity is for a alpha particle of 0.08 MeV. So, you can imagine that if you have a 5 MeV alpha particles, it will have much higher velocity than the velocity of electrons orbiting around the nucleus. So, what happens when the alpha particle comes out of a nucleus is velocity is much, much higher than the velocity of electrons in its orbitals and therefore, alpha particle remains as a helium plus only when the velocity of alpha particle becomes comparable or less than the velocity of electrons in its orbits, it will start picking up the electrons and become a helium atom. So, that is why the alpha particle will keep on removing knocking out electrons on the atoms unless or until its velocity becomes less than the velocity of electrons in the orbits. So, at velocity of alpha more than the velocity of electrons in the atomic orbitals, we call it electronic stopping means interaction with electrons by ionization connection. Then as the particle slows down and assumes energy of the rotational velocity of electrons, then even then it is stopping by electronic mode, but it may start picking up electrons particularly in the case. And when the velocity of alpha particle has become comparable to the velocity of electrons, the balance of electrons, then now the charge particle will pick up electrons and become neutral and now the neutral atom, neutral like helium atom, when it is now interacting with the material, it will be colliding with the atoms. So, that we call as a nuclear stopping. The nuclear stopping happens at the end of the, when it is about to get completely stopped in the medium. Now, let us see in more details the interaction, the energy lost by the heavy charge particle when it is in a single collision. So, just to see the kinematics of a heavy charge particle of mass capital m velocity v and initial energy E0 colliding with an electron of mass small m. And the electron goes at theta angle with respect to the initial beam direction and the energy of electron is E2 velocity V2. So, we can set up the kinematics equation of conservation of energy in elastic collision. So, initial energy of charge particle is nothing but the energy, some of the energies of remaining inner particle and the electron that is limited. You can set up the equation for conservation of linear momentum. So, initial momentum mv is a final momentum of two particles, the residual particle alpha and the electron. So, you can convert this momentum into energy root 2 me. So, for the initial alpha, the remaining alpha and the residual alpha. So, alpha particle is losing some energy. So, that is why we call remaining alpha and for theta equal to 0, we will not bring in the theta dependence, but we can set up the equation for theta also. So, what we need to do is solve these two equations for E2. What is E2? Energy of electron. So, what is the energy given by alpha to electron that is what we are discussing here. And if you multiply this equation 2 by multiply square this equation 2, this one and multiply the first equation with 2 m and solve for E2, you get the equation E2 is the energy of the electron. In fact, this is the maximum energy that electron will gain because at theta equal to 0, electron energy is maximum, that becomes 4 mm E0 upon m plus m square. And so, now for the heavy charge particle, the mass of the ion is very small, very high compared to this of the electron. And so, you can actually neglect this small m compared to capital M. And so, this becomes energy of electron 4 small m upon capital M E0, where E0 is the energy of the ion. So, you can just see the values for 4 MVV alpha part of proton, EE energy of electron will be energy of proton that is E0, 4 m upon m. So, energy mass of an electron and mass of proton, electron upon proton 1 by 2000, 4 by 2500. So, EP upon 500 is the energy of electron. For a 4 MVV, we can calculate that electron will be acquiring 8 kV energy. So, proton of 4 MVV loses 8 kV energy in one collision. In the case of 4 MVV alpha particle, it will lose 2 kV in one collision. So, you can see a very small fraction of energy is lost by the alpha particle or any other charge particle in a single collision. So, essentially, it loses its small energy and goes undeflected in the same direction. That is why you say the heavy charge particle moves undeflected. So, it is a project track. So, this is what is the track of alpha particle. Alpha particle moves in a straight line. And along this path, it is removing the electrons from the medium. And these electrons or the pink ones this arrows, these electrons are having energies of 2 kV and they will cause for the ionization in the medium, they are called the delta rays. So, the important point is that this heavy charge particles move in a straight line, which we call as the track. And the electrons that are emitted during this passage of this heavy charge particle through the material, these electrons can further cause ionization which we will call secondary ionization or delta rays. In fact, this principle of track is used in track edge detectors. That means, if you take a dielectric material, then the path of the alpha particle, it will create a channel damage in the material which does not get annealed. And you can edge it with some acid or alkali. And you can see the path of the alpha particle in a microscope. So, tracks, each track you can count in a microscope, that is one of the principle of track detectors. Let us go into little more details of the interaction of heavy charge particles. So, we call a term term called stopping power. The stopping power of the medium, how fast it can stop the particle or the linear energy transfer. That means, in one unit distance path length, how much is the energy transferred by alpha to the medium. So, we define the linear stopping power as s equal to dE by dx, energy lost per unit thickness. Hence, since it is a loss, it is negative. So, minus dE by dx is the stopping power and it has the units of MeV per centimeter. So, you have the initial energy E0 passing through a small thickness of the adsorber material delta x, outgoing energy E. So, E0 minus E we can say delta E upon delta x is called the stopping power. In this particular subject, actually we are more comfortable with the mass stopping power because the stopping power depends upon the density. So, if you divide the stopping power by rho, the density we call it mass stopping power. So, m by s by rho we call it the mass stopping power. So, if you this MeV upon centimeter you divide by density, that means gram per centimeter cube, then it will be left with MeV upon gram per centimeter square or milligram per centimeter square. So, very simple to put in a simple way, if you want to find out the thickness of a thin file in you know how do you either use a variable or you say micrometer, much simpler than that is you take the area of the file and multiply it by the density. So, area into thickness into density, the volume density that is the mass. So, you take the mass divided by the area we will call it the thickness.  So, thickness of a file take the weight mass milligram and area in centimeter square you can find out thickness which is multiplied by the density. Thickness with density is mass thickness you can see. So, way in fact we also call as the specific ionization that means how many ion pairs are formed during unit length in a medium we will call it stopping power upon W. So, W is the energy required to produce one ion pair. So, in unit thickness delta E is the energy lost that if the energy required to produce one ion pair is W, D upon W upon dx is the specific ionization per unit thickness how many ion pairs are produced that is also an important quantity for when you are stopping a ion in a medium. So, the W is the energy required to produce one ion pair. Many times now when the ion is passing through a medium which is a compound. So, we do not have an individual atom, but we have several atoms. So, the atom fractions are weighted together to find the stopping power of a compound for the every ion in a. So, we can see that the W1, W2, W3 are the atom fractions and S1, S2, S3 are the stopping powers in those different atoms. So, you can have a scaling law to find out the stopping power of a compound. So, now just to give you a value a feel of the values the W value energy required to produce a one ion pair these are the W values in different media. Actually speaking the W value should be equal to the ionization potential or ionization energy of a medium. So, for Genon ionized potential 12.1, but actually W value is higher, Ilium 25.4 actual value is 43, Ammonia 10.8, 39, Germanium 1 and actually so you can see that W values are much higher than the ionization potential. Why it is so? Because every time the chart particle interacts it may not lead to ionization, it can lead to excitation also. So, that is why the average value of W much higher than the ionization potential. Now, this stopping powers actually hence Bithay in 1930s, in 30s they derived the formula, we will not go into details of the stopping power formula, but the stopping power essentially depends, the formula is 4 pi e power 4 z square upon M0 v square and z into a term depending upon the velocity of the ion. So, the small z here is the charge of the ion, e is the energy so that e will not come into picture here, but you can later on convert into energy of the ion, the v is the velocity of the ion, M0 is the mass of the electron and nz actually the electron density. So, number of atoms per cc into the atomic number that becomes the electron density, number of electrons per cc in the medium and M0 is the mass of electron. Now, let us not bother about the, you see this is actually this term is the relativistic term for high net electrons, we have to consider the relativistic term. So, try to simplify this for the non relativistic low velocity particles. So, stopping power becomes nz, this is the absorber property and this is the ion property, z square by v square, velocity z is the ion of charge of the ion, e velocity of the ion. So, there are two terms, one term depends upon the particle, one term depends upon the medium. So, you can see here the stopping power minus d e by dx is proportional to z square upon v square into nz. Now, you can just do some jugglery, multiply by the mass of the ion. So, you have Mz square upon mv square into nz and mv square is nothing but e, half mv square, it is kinetic energy. So, you can say Mz square upon e nz. So, this is the Mz square by e dependence of the ion and this is the electron density of the medium. So, you can see here from the stopping power, the stopping power decreases with increasing energy of the ion. So, because it is in the denominator. So, as the energy of the ion increases the stopping power decreases, because it is moving very fast, the stopping power increases with the nz electron density, higher the electron density of the medium, higher is the stopping power and the ratio for two ions, stopping power ratio is nothing but M1 z1 square upon M2 z2 square for a given energy. Just to translate for protons and neutrons, you can see the stopping power of proton to alpha will be 1 by 16, because it will be 4 into 2 square for 16. So, 1 upon 16. So, you can see proton will have a much smaller stopping power than the alpha part. And this concept is very well utilized in the identification of particles by a set of two detectors. So, this is one detector, very thin detector, this is large detector, thick detector, let us say silicon. So, if you see the relationship between d e by dx e to e, d e into e. Suppose the detector determines that e delta e energy lost and this one detector total energy, the plot of delta e versus e will be giving you different ions, protons, alpha, carbon, so on like hyperbola and you can resolve them to find out the different ions. So, they are called effect telescopes to detect the different ions. Now, another important property of this heavy charge particle is the Bragg's card. Bragg's, you know, Bragg actually showed that the path, how that, how along the distance traveled by the ion, how the stopping power changes. So, just now we saw that the stopping power changes with n z square by e. And so, as the energy of the ion decreases along the path, there is a traveling in the medium, energy is decreasing, so stopping power is going up 1 by e. And then gradually, when the ion is about to pick up, when it starts picking up electrons, the jet becomes low because the ionic charge will reduce and the stopping power decreases. Finally, it will pick up electron, become neutral atom and only get stopped. Now, this is for the single ion, but when we have the beam of ions, then different, since it is a statistical process, every time it will not produce the same number of ion pairs. So, for a beam, there will be a straggling. So, the stopping power will not be that narrow, but it will have a wide distribution. So, at the low energy end of the track, the ion picks up electrons and stops. So, this Bragg's card actually very much used in fact in the, even now in the concept treatment, the Bragg curve is being used for the ions. And lastly, the range of the ion, how much distance the ion travels in the material, it can be calculated by the integration of the 1 by e stopping power over d e. So, from initially you have e0 and stop with e with 0. So, 1 by d e by d x into d e, if you integrate, then you get the range. And simply you can do experiment to initial intensity i0 and then small thickness, if it is travelling, it will pass through it. So, if you measure the i and i0, then the plot of i by i0 versus the distance travelled gives you what is called as the transmission curve. And this transmission curve for alpha particles will be like this, or for that matter for heavy, heavy ion, heavy chart particles. So, it does not get lost. You see here, all the heavy ions will pass through certain distance and then when they start picking up electrons, the intensity will go down. In a very narrow zone, all the ions will stop. So, when the intensity will become half, we call it main range. And if we extrapolate this decreasing term, this plot, we call it extrapolated range. So, why this decreases come because of the stochastic nature of the electron stopping power. So, you take a derivative of this poly part, then you get a Gaussian and the width of that is called the range tagline. So, the range is a very important property of the heavy ion, heavy chart particles. And there are now semi empirical relationship of r range equal to a is the power b, where b is close to 2 and a depends upon particle time. So, we will discuss now about other ions like electrons and gamma rays later on. For the moment, I will stop here. Thank you very much.


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Alright, First Samuel 25. So we're going to continue our random characters in the Bible series tonight. And we're going to do that with, I've been getting a couple comments, and I was thinking about it myself too, that we haven't had a woman yet. So we're going to talk about a woman. Look, there's a lot of great women in the Bible that did a lot of great and important things in the Bible. So tonight, we're going to look at this story in First Samuel 25, and we're going to talk about this woman Abigail in the Bible. And we're going to see what we can learn from her, look at some characteristics of Abigail, and see if we can't take away some lessons from Abigail. So we've got quite a story in First Samuel 25 going on here. Basically, there's this cat and mouse game with David and Saul. You know, Saul is chasing David. So Saul at this point is still the king of Israel. However, the kingdom has been taken from him by Samuel. He knows this. David has been anointed king by Samuel, and Saul knows this. So Saul is out. He's trying to kill David. He's playing this cat and mouse. He's constantly going after David, and then the Philistines attack, and then he's going after David again. And this story here we see that David has run to the wilderness with his 600 men fleeing from Saul. Saul abandons the pursuit once again because, you know, the Philistines attack. I mean, just think of the Philistines for, I mean, just for a second.  But do you wonder why?  David's running away, and they're like, this is great. We're going to invade everybody, right? So we see that all this action is taking place. So here we see David in 1 Samuel 25. He's in the wilderness with his men and, you know, 600 men. Think about that. You can't just run off in the woods with 600 men. I mean, think about the last time you just went camping with your family. All right? How many supplies did you take camping?  Imagine, and I mean, we're talking about an army here of 600 men. They need supplies. They need food. They need water. They need, you know, shelter. They need things, right? So here's this man, Navel. He's apparently a wealthy man. He's off.   So that has nothing to do with the sermon. But if I will never even attempt to even look at even thinking, I mean, I can't imagine how they sheared sheep back then with like hand shears and all this kind of stuff. That is hard work. I sheared three sheep in one night and we had like seven sheep to go and Garrett had to almost carry me to the house. I couldn't even walk. I was so tired. I mean, look, I didn't know how to do it, which probably didn't, didn't help. You know, the poor sheep gets up, it's all bleeding and everything. It's terrible, right? Nothing to do with the sermon. But yeah, terrible. It's very difficult to shear sheep. All right. What are we talking about? Are we at church? Okay. Quite a story happening.  There's men that are here, they're taking care of navel sheep. I'm sure he had hundreds of sheep, many, many sheep. All right. Look at down at 1 Samuel, chapter 25. Look at verse number seven. So David's men, David sends some men to ask navel for some supplies. Okay. And in verse number seven, the Bible says, And now I have heard that thou hast shears. Now thy shepherds, which were with us, we hurt them not. Neither was their ought missing unto them, all while they were in Carmel. Ask thy young men, and they will show thee. Wherefore let the young men find favor in thine eyes, for we come in a good day. Give, I pray thee, whatsoever cometh to thine hand, unto thy servants, and to thy son, David. And when David's young men came, they spake to navel, according to all those words in the name of David, and ceased. Enable answered David's servants and said, Who is David? And who is the son of Jesse? Look, he knows who David is. Okay. There be many servants nowadays that break away every man from his master. So he knows, not only does he know who David is, but he knows about this fight that's going on with Saul. He knows that David and Saul have history. He knows that David, you know, was the armor-bearer of Saul. I'm sure, you know, obviously he knows that David's famous. Think of it. He killed Goliath, right? Then shall I take my bread and my water and my flesh that I have killed for my shears, and give it unto men whom I know not whence they be. So navel says, no, basically. All right?  Look at verse 12. So David's young men turned their way and went again and came and told him all those sayings. And David said unto his men, Gird ye on every man his sword. And they girded up every man his sword. And David also girded on his sword. And there went up after David about 400 men and 200 abode by the stuff. So look, David basically is in this hard situation. He's in the woods. He goes and he sends these men to Nabal. And look, he says to Nabal, look, we protected your sheep shears when they were tending the sheep. We didn't hurt them. We protected them. We never took anything from them. Help us out. Give us some food, some supplies. And Nabal is this wicked man. He's the son of Belial.  Get out of here. I'm not giving you a thing of mine, right? So look, that wasn't a nice thing of Nabal to do. But then David's like, all right, I'm just going to gird up your sword. We're going to kill. We're going to go kill every man in that that's related to Nabal basically. Or it works for him, whatever. He said there's not going to be anyone that's left that pisseth against the wall. That means all the men, all the males of Nabal, he's going to go kill. So here we see this entrance of this character, this lady, Nabal's wife, named Abigail. And she does no less than literally save the day in this story. Okay, so let's look at some characteristics. Let's look at Abigail. Let's look at how she did it. Let's look at how she did it. I mean, we can apply this to our lives. I mean, she went, I mean, this is a very, you have two men here who are at odds with each other.  Imagine how angry you would have to get to just be like, we're going to just kill everybody in that camp and in that, that works for that man. So look at first Samuel chapter 25 and verse number 23. The first characteristic I want to show you about Abigail tonight is this. What we'll do is we'll just go through some characteristics of Abigail and then I'll show you how you can apply those in dealing with people in your life. All right, so look at first Samuel chapter 25 and verse number 23. The first characteristic that we see from Abigail is that she shows humility. She shows humility.  And fell at his feet and said, upon me my Lord, upon me let this iniquity be and let thine handmade. I pray they speak in thine audience and hear the words of thine handmade. Look down at verse 23. I pray thee, forgive the trespass of thine handmade for the Lord will certainly make my Lord a sure house because my Lord fighteth the battles of the Lord and evil hath not been found in the all thy days. That's a very humble. So the servants came to Abigail and they told her that hey, you know, this is what Nabel said to David's men and Abigail knows that there's violence coming her way that David's gonna come and he's gonna do this. So she quickly dresses all these sheep. She dresses, she gets all these food, all this drink and she gets it all together quickly. She goes to David and then she responds to David. She confronts David like this with humility, all right? And the second characteristic of Abigail you see here is that she shows tremendous respect when she talks to David. She's calling him my Lord, she's recognizing, she recognizes that he's been anointed king, once again showing that everyone knew the situation between David and Saul and what was really going on which, you know, just kind of goes to show you why Saul was so relentless in pursuing David. You ever wonder why, you know, why won't Saul let it go? It's because this guy, everybody thinks this guy that's running from him is the king and he's like I'm the king. I wanna still be the king, right? So look, it shines some light on that but look, everyone knew it but she shows a lot of respect when she talks to David. All right, she recognizes his kingship and she just speaks to him with respect calling him my Lord, things like that. The third thing we see from Abigail is she shows a lot of diplomacy here and we're gonna break this down a little bit more when we apply this but she shows some serious diplomacy.  I mean, Abigail was very, very smart and she starts the conversation out correctly but she also leads him gently into the correct decision which is one of the most beautiful things about this story. Look at 1 Samuel chapter 25 in verse number 30. And the Bible says this and it says and it shall come to pass when the Lord shall have done to my Lord. So keep in mind the capital L here, okay? So you don't get confused by these sentences. When the Lord meaning God shall have done to my Lord meaning David according to all the good that he has spoken concerning thee and shall have appointed the ruler over Israel. So she's saying that when God makes you king when God completes what he said he was going to do with you. Then verse 31 that this shall be no grief unto thee nor a fence of heart unto my Lord either that thou has shed blood causeless or that my Lord hath avenged himself. My Lord lowercase L, she's talking about David here that my Lord that David hath avenged himself but when the Lord shall have dealt well with my Lord then remember thine handmade.  So let's look at, let's break down Abigail's you know characteristics here but a very wise woman here in the Bible. Now look turn to Proverbs chapter 15. Proverbs chapter 15. Let's start out with Proverbs chapter 15 and verse number one. I'll wait for you to get there. But basically this Proverbs chapter 15 and verse number one it kind of encompasses everything that Abigail did even though I'm going to give you several steps into the methodology of what Abigail did when she dealt with David here. But Proverbs chapter 15 and verse number one the Bible says, a soft answer turneth away wrath but grievous words stir up anger. This means that there is a way of talking with people that will turn away their wrath that will make them less angry that will deescalate situations where there's a way of talking to people that will make them more angry as well, right? So that's there's both sides of this coin in Proverbs 15 one. But Proverbs 15 one and the first part of it a soft answer turneth away wrath really encompasses what Abigail deal did here. So an application tonight in looking at Abigail let's look at what Abigail did and I want to give you four steps in dealing effectively with unreasonable people, okay? Because I got news for you. Go to Proverbs 15 and verse number 10. Here's the problem you will have in your life. Look, you say I'm I mean you say I'm right all the time. Great, right? You say I'm right. I'm the most reasonable person in the world and I'm always correct and I'm never wrong but here's the problem that you will still have. Look at verse number 10 of Proverbs 15. The Bible says correction is grievous unto him that forsakeeth the way and he that hadeth reproof shall die. So look, the Bible says in the first part of Proverbs 15 10 that correction is grievous to people, to some people, right?  You are going to run into people who do not want to be corrected, who will not take correction. They are just difficult people to deal with. You are going to meet these people. So I want to give you four tips from Abigail's life here. Abigail's just Abigail's confrontation with David to deal with these types of people because they're out there you're going to meet them. You're going to meet them at work. You're going to meet them, you know probably a church at some point, you know but you're going to meet these people in your life and if you can effectively deal with them you're going to, it will get you far, okay? So turn to Ecclesiastes chapter 4. There's another one. You remember this guy from a few weeks ago? Remember the old and foolish king? From Ecclesiastes chapter 4, look at verse 13. You will meet this type of person. Ecclesiastes chapter 4 and verse 13 the Bible says better is a poor and wise child than an old and foolish king who will no more be admonished. So how are you going to deal with people that will not be admonished anymore? So let's look at some lessons from the life of Abigail. So rule number one is this. When dealing with unreasonable people or people that will not be admonished, rule number one is this. Be respectful whenever possible, okay? Speak in a respectful tone. Don't come off with fighting words right at the beginning. Look, never start conversations like this. That's not correct, brother. Let me tell you why you're wrong. You never want to start conversations that way because what people will do is they will immediately put up walls as soon as you say something like that.  So if you say, if somebody's talking to you and say, well, you know, here's the problem with what you just said or here's why you're wrong on that, you're done before you've even started, all right? So look, as fun as it can be to get in the flesh and just tell people how it is, it is never going to be effective for you, okay? So you have to remember that, all right? And this is a big problem. This is a big problem. Maybe not so much with people face to face anymore but with this type of stuff, all right? When you just want to get in the flesh and you just want to like, yeah!  They should do it for a living, all right? But no one has ever had their mind changed by an internet comment ever or a Facebook post or a Facebook argument or whatever, all right? It is if there's nothing edifying about it, nothing. So look, I mean, look, Abigail, Abigail was not just like, she was not like seeing like, oh yeah, you know, burn. She was not looking to like outward somebody. She had to succeed or people would literally die. She had to get this right, okay? So look, here's another thing. It's always good to try to visualize somebody else's perspective, okay? If you're in a situation where you don't see things the way somebody else sees things, it is always a good exercise for you internally to at least picture things from their perspective, especially before you talk to them about it, all right? And then you can start off conversations with things like, you know what, I can see your point there. You know what, brother, I can see why you see things that way. You know, I've thought about it and I can see why you came to that conclusion. I mean, these are the ways to start conversations. I can see how you might feel that way, right?  That's what Abigail, that she came in in a very respectful tone to David, right away, okay? Just the way she had her handmaids in front of her, the way she, you know, approached David both physically and with her words that she used, she approached him in a very respectful way that got his attention right off the bat. In a good way, she started it off positive and respectful. So that's the first thing, be respectful whenever possible when dealing with difficult people. The second thing is this, be humble. If necessary, be the first to apologize in a situation, okay? Think about this. Why don't people apologize? Why, I mean, if you have a situation, I mean, usually when you have a situation where two people are arguing, there's three sides to the story, right? There's this guy's side, there's this guy's side, and then there's the truth of what is really going on, right? So in many, many, many cases where there's an argument or something happened, husband and wife, same thing. I mean, it doesn't matter who fired the first shot, whenever there's an argument between a husband and wife, you know, many times, most times, both sides have things to apologize for. Be the first to apologize. But you know what that takes? You know why people don't apologize? One reason, pride. People don't apologize and they're not the first one to apologize because they're like, you know what, I was right.  And even though they might have gotten the flesh and sinned and sinned and whatever and all this stuff, they're just not going to be the first one to apologize. Be humble. Look at verse 28. Look at Abigail. I pray thee, forgive the trespass of thine handmaid. Did she do anything wrong? She didn't even do anything. She didn't do, she had nothing to do with what Nabal did. Nothing. And she's just like, forgive me. I mean, that's humility right there. She's like, forgive me. She's just like, lay it on me, blame me. I'm sorry that it happened. You know, look, you'll get far, you'll get far at work like that too if you're that type of person. For the Lord will certainly make my Lord a sure house because the Lord fight at the battles of the Lord and evil has not been found in all these days. Look, it wasn't her fault. Turn to Proverbs 29. I actually think that this is a huge advantage that Christians have. You know, look, when you think about being out in the world and operating in the world, whether it's at work or raising your kids at home or whatever, there's many things where the Christian is at a disadvantage. Remember we talked about last week.  They'll just do anything at work to just get results. The Christian can't do that. But here's one area where you have an advantage because you know what? The Bible commands you to be humble and you can't fake humility. You can't fake it. You just have to be humble. You have to keep yourself humble. So most people that you're going to be working with and dealing with are not going to be humble people. Especially, you know, once they, you know, if they're good at what they do and things like that, they're going to be prideful people. Stay humble and you will get far. Look at Proverbs 29 and verse 23. The Bible says, a man's pride shall bring him low, but honor shall uphold the humble in spirit. So the Bible says, when you're out there in the world, Christian, think about this. When you're out there in the world, Christian, you got all these people, these psychopaths, whatever, who will do anything to get ahead. That's advantage psychopath, right? But think about this. The Bible is still true even for the psychopath because the Bible says his pride will bring him low. But your humility, you will find honor. You'll find honor by being humble. And look, isn't that what happened to Abigail?  I mean, she got honor by being so humble. You can't fake humility, but the humble shall have honor. The Bible says. So be respectful, be humble. If necessary, be the first one. Use that humility to be the first one to apologize in a situation. She didn't even do anything that she apologized. Think about it. She apologized for the situation. I've done that. I did that at my job I have right now. There's all kinds of people that were mad over things that were two, three years ago. So I'm dealing with this organization and I'm just like, Hey, I'm sorry for all those things that happened and how those things went. We're going to go this way now. Just, well, you know, I apologize that that happened. I wasn't even there. I had nothing to do with it. But that's what people need to hear. Humility will get you far, folks. Humility will get you far. Number three, point out the problem in the terms the other person can relate to. Alright, now let me explain this one. Turn to look at verse number 30.  Look what she says to him. Look at verse number 30. Now this is, this is brilliance. This is the wisdom of Abigail right here. Verse number 30, And it shall come to pass when the Lord like God shall have done to my Lord by making him king according to all the good that he has spoken concerning thee and shall have appointed the ruler over Israel. Verse 30, she's saying it shall come to pass when you become king is what she is saying. When you become the actual ruler. He's already anointed king, right? Verse 31, that this, excuse me, it's not coronavirus swallowed something. That this shall be no grief unto thee nor offense of heart unto my Lord, either that thou hast shed blood causeless, or that my Lord hath avenged himself, but when the Lord shall have dealt with my Lord, when thee, Lord, shall have dealt with thy my Lord, then remembered thine handmaid. So what she's saying, what she's saying lightly to David is this. Let me ask you something, was David going to do the right thing? Was David going to commit sin right now? Yes, he was. Look, Nabal's bad.   Look, David was going to avenge himself and he was going to what? Shed, blood, causeless. David was about to get, he was not going to be blameless anymore after this situation. And that is what Abigail is saying. She's like, hey, when you become king, you will not have to look back on this situation that we caused you by getting upset because you shed blood causeless. She's in a very light way saying, you're about to go do the wrong thing and you don't want this on you when you become king is what she says to David. But she says it in such a way that is light, it is soft, and it is in his own interest. You see?  I mean, she might have had sons or cousins or whatever. I mean, all these men and boys, David's about to go kill. But she didn't put it that way. So you're going to taint your own leadership before it gets started. And she says it in a very nice way. But look, Bible reading rule, remember these stories in the Old Testament especially. You have to remember that these stories, this is not a parable, this happened. This is history.  That's why we have these stories about David doing this. That's why you have judges 19 because these are just people doing the wrong thing.  You know, David got in the flesh here. He's mad.  And she puts it in terms that are beneficial to him and to his kingdom. It's beautiful. It's brilliant. Now thankfully, David is not that old and foolish king. He listens. He listens to Abigail. The second, the fourth rule is this. So let's recap. So first of all, we notice that she's very respectful. Be respectful when dealing with even difficult people. Number two, she was humble. Be humble when dealing with difficult people. And number three, she laid out the situation in terms of his own interest. And number four, this is even better. She never gave David direct advice. She never told him exactly what to do. And by the way, this is a great general rule to live by in your life. Look, listen to people. Didn't we have a sermon on listening to people and not being the one who's... Look, if people don't ask you what you think about something, they either don't care or they don't want to know. So don't be this person that's constantly just has to tell everybody everything that you think all the time about everything.  There's one of a great book that I love is called How to Win Friends and Influence People. And one of my favorite quotes from that book is this. And tell me as you hear this quote that you haven't met this person. Here's a quote from this book. And the quote says this.  Who wants people to make fun of them and laugh at them behind their back? But he says this.  Here is the recipe. Never listen to anyone for long. Talk incessantly about yourself. If you have an idea while the other person is talking, don't wait for him or her to finish. Bust right in and interrupt in the middle of a sentence. Then he goes on and on to say how these are the type of people that are constantly injecting their opinion into everything when they're not even asked. Abigail did not just come out and tell David, hey, you're wrong. You're about to do something wrong. She did not do that. She didn't. As a matter of fact, she didn't even say that really what he was going to do was wrong in a direct way. She just focused on the positive. She focused on the positive of the situation saying, hey, when you become king, this incident won't be a grief unto you because you haven't committed murder and avenged yourself. That's what she said. She flipped it around and turned that negative into a positive for David's life. You see what she did? I mean, it's brilliant. And then she relied on David's knowledge of God's word and his own conscience for him to come to the right conclusion. Right? And look, she basically led him into coming to the right answer himself. That's why she's such a wise lady in the Bible. There's another lesson to be learned there as a side note. Whenever you can give credit away, give it away. Whenever you can let somebody else lead somebody else to the right answer and let them get it and run with it, let them do it. That will only benefit everything around you by doing that. And that's what Abigail did. She led David gently to the right answer and she got his conscience to come to that conclusion. And it's beautiful. Now, here's what's funny. I was reading through this. I was writing this sermon. I was writing this sermon and I was making these points through the things that Abigail did in the Bible. And this will show you again that books that have been written, I mean, I just read you from a secular book, right? A quote from a secular book. All these books that have been written and all these things that are just like, they're published for hundreds of years. It's just biblical, it's just biblical advice. It's all from the Bible. If it's good advice, it's biblical advice. And I was thinking, I was writing this sermon and I was writing, okay, there's a point. There's a point. Just going through the story, just coming up with the points. And it reminded me of George Washington. George Washington had these rules of civility that he had, that there was like 112 of them or something like that. And there was like, he published some in a book. It wasn't his book, but he lived by these rules. I mean, they're incredibly detailed rules of civility. And whatever you think of George Washington, that's not the point. But he was a very disciplined man and living by these certain rules of civility. And I went through and these points I was making, it reminded me of these rules. And sure enough, they're in there. These four biblical rules, they're in there. Rule number one of George Washington, it was rule number one. George Washington's rules of civility is this. Every action done in company ought to be with some sign of respect to those that are present. That's a good rule. Translation, be respectful. Be respectful, always. Rule number 40, strive not with your superiors in argument, but always submit your judgment to others with modesty. Translation, be humble. Rule number 58, let your conversation be without malice or envy for it is a sign of tractable and commendable nature and in all causes of passion, permit reason to govern. In all causes of passion, permit reason to govern. So whenever you get angry, just remember, let your reason govern. Proverbs 15-1, a soft answer. And that's basically saying, don't be argumentative. And then rule number 85 is this. It's the fourth rule that we talked about here. I'll just read it for you. In company of higher quality than yourself, speak not till you are asked a question, then stand upright, put off your hat, and answer in a few words. Translation, don't give unsolicited advice.  And that's great advice. But it's all from the Bible. It's all from the Bible. So look, just showing once again that any self-help book, I mean look, there's all kinds of good books out there that'll help you get better at all these different things in your life and help you be better at dealing with people. But look, it's all, if it works, it's biblical. And they just pull these things, reword them, and the Bible never gets credit. God never gets credit, ever. But look, I also believe that that's why this country was a lot more civil and a lot in better shape. People might have had false gospels and false doctrine and things like that, but you know what? When people actually knew what the Bible said and they actually knew the law of the Bible and they knew the rules of the Bible and things like that, we had a much more civil country. They might have had salvation wrong, but you know what? They at least knew how to treat each other. They at least knew how to act. They at least knew how to approach each other. They at least knew the general moral rules of right and wrong.  You know, when they were learning the Bible in school and things like that. So look, Abigail's dealings with David, I mean, they could be used to write a book on how to deal with people in itself. She was respectful. She was humble. She was non-argumentative. She was able to not only save David from himself, I mean, think about it. She saved David a terrible blight on his life by killing all these people. But she saved all the men of her husband's household. Just this one woman by what she did. And look, the Bible said, you know, she was about to go shed blood causeless and he was about to avenge himself. Who's to avenge us? God. The Lord. Well, the vengeance is mine, sayeth the Lord.  So God had his vengeance. But God decided to do that. That wasn't for David to decide.  He didn't kill every man. You know, I mean, there was a serious overreaction about to happen here. All right? You're not going to give me a drink and some bread.   And I know that, you know, many times, look, don't forget these lessons because many times we would just love to get in the flesh and just tell people how it is. Right? There's many people out there. Or look, tell people how it is or how we think it should be. Right? But it's never the right way. It's never the right way. Or, you know, look, turn to James chapter one. It's never the right way, but here's another thing. It's not effective. It's not effective. All right, look, you have somebody, you have somebody in your family. Look, we all have people in our family that we would like to see saved.  Not one person in my family. And they are not correct on the gospel. And that's why they're not saved. And that's why if they died at this moment, they would not go to heaven.  You have to come at them in a respectful, humble, non-argumentative way that will, God willing, get them to soften their hearts to the truth.   I'm not plugged into it. I don't have time for it. And if I did, I wouldn't be plugged into it.  It doesn't edify anybody. No one is going to get saved from that, so I'm just arguing with people. Look at James chapter one in verse number 19. This is great for when you get upset or somebody says something and you just, oh man, I got one I could send back at them. Just think about this. Wherefore, my beloved brethren, let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak and slow to wrath. So look, just think, calm down before you speak or type. And look, I think that we have a problem today with the internet and this typing back and forth with each other. Look, the internet has empowered the beta male. I'm sorry. It used to be where I came from. If two guys had a serious disagreement, they went back behind the gas station and we just worked it out. And then there was no more agreement or no more disagreement. Now, I used to buy rams. We would buy rams and you would get these rams and I had a ram pen where all the rams, these rams, we would drive all the way across the country to get some of these rams. And then we would go and I had five rams and I'd take the ram I just got and I'd put them in the pen with the other five rams. And you know what they do? Every single time, they fight. But they fight for about an hour. And they're sitting there and when they fight, you ever see two rams fight, they put their heads together and they back up about 30, 40 feet and they come together and it hits and it sounds like a rifle goes off. And I'm just like, Oh, stop. You know, that can't be healthy, right? I mean, these are investments. And I'm like, please stop. But guess what happens? The alpha male establishes himself as soon as the new, you know, they figure out the order of things and the fighting stops.  But that's what's going on today, right?  You know, it's pitiful. All right, but look, there's no benefit there. There's no edification there. And look, Abigail, she was respectful. She was humble. And I mean, talk about just a wise woman of the Bible that we can learn a lot from. We can learn a lot from because you're going to deal, you're going to find difficult people. They're out there. You're going to find them at work. You're going to find them probably at church at some point. They're probably going to be here. They're not here now. You guys are all great. But look, I mean, we're going to meet all kinds of people throughout our life, right? And you can't just run over people. It's not going to work for you. Abigail, wonderful personality in the Bible. Wise woman. Let's bow our heads and have a word of prayer. Dear Heavenly Father, I thank you for Abigail in the Bible. We thank you for her wisdom and her humility and just the wonderful things that she did in this story, Lord. And we just, we thank you for the entire Bible. We thank you for this evening, Lord, that you allow us to have another great evening of church and fellowship and worship, Lord. We love you. We thank you for the souls that were saved today and just all the benefits that you've given us in this life, Lord. We ask you to bless our week to come and to keep everyone in this church, Lord. Just put a hedge of protection around everybody in this church, Lord. We love you. We pray all this in the name of Jesus. Amen.