Okay, for our last talk of the day, I'm going to have Marcin talk to us about writing CNI, and how easy that is. Oops, we missed that, sorry. That's the thing, that's the creepy thing, sorry. We had that sorted, but it's not. No. And you just need to slide there. There you go. Good. Working? Yep. Hello. My name is Marcin. I'm working for Red Hat. I'm taking care of the networking site of the Overhead and CubeViewer projects. And today, I'll tell you about how to write a CNI, and we'll quickly implement a basic CNI plugin. I will try to make it as simple as possible, so please bear with any simplifications that I will make. I'll probably make quite a few of them. Okay, in the demo, I'll first go, I will first have two slides about containers and network namespaces. We'll briefly talk about what a CNI is, and then we'll go over to the live demo. Okay, what is a container? It's a combination of some C groups for metering and limiting, some storage, and a set of namespaces. The namespaces are to keep things private to the container, and we have some protest namespaces, mount namespaces, and what's most important to us in this presentation, the network namespaces. How many of you are using network namespaces, or are familiar with that? Not everyone? Okay, so by default, in a Linux instance, the whole networking stack is shared, so you can see all the network interfaces, the routing tables, all other resources, so network namespaces change that. A network namespace is a private network stack, so you have your own set of network interfaces, your own private routing tables, IP tables, everything's separate. You can have the network interfaces, they are private to a network namespace, so as in this example, you can, for example, move a network interface to a different namespace. A very common scenario that we will use is to employ virtual Ethernet pairs to communicate between any two namespaces. So let's now go over to what happens when a container is created in terms of networking. When a container is created, the network runtime creates a network namespace for our container. This is a simplification for Kubernetes, for example, we have a network namespace for a pod, but let's ignore it for now. And after the network is, the container is created, our network namespace is created, at this stage the network namespace is not yet connected anywhere. It doesn't have any network interfaces, probably besides the loopback interface, and at this stage the container runtime has to implement the networking. Most container runtimes use a plugin architecture in Racket or Kubernetes, CNI is used, so CNI is just a specification that defines the interface between the container runtime and the network implementation. CNI is short for container network interface. It is a simple specification between the container runtime and the network implementation. The main part, of course, is the specification, but it's not only this. CNI also has a few plugins, basic plugins supported by the community. It also has some additional libraries that make writing of plugins easier, like it has a skeleton that you can use to just populate the important bits. And it's part of CNCF, which is also home to Kubernetes. How does it work? When the container is created, the network name space is created. The container runtime looks for a network configuration file. Inside the network configuration file, it finds the information on how to find the networking plugin. Using this information, it invokes the CNI plugin and network configuration is done. Let's look at the CNI plugin invocation. The plugin receives two pieces of information. One is the network configuration file. This is exactly the same file which was used by the container runtime to find the CNI plugin. The other piece of information is the runtime information. This is the information about the container which is being created. The network configuration JSON file, it's streamed into the CNI plugin in its standard input. The runtime information is a set of environment variables, such as container ID or network name space. And this is passed into the container as a set of environment variables. Next, the CNI plugin configures the network. It has to do several items. One is it has to insert network interface into the network name space. Second, it has to do IP address management, so it has to give an IP address to that interface. It has to configure the routing. It also has to modify the networking on the host in such a manner that the container is reachable from all other containers on the cluster. After it's done, it returns a result to the container runtime. The result is in the JSON format, and it's streamed to the container runtime in the plugin's standard output. Let's look at an example of the network configuration file. There are actually only three mandatory parameters. CNI version, this is the version of the CNI specification that we implement, name and type. Type is important here. Type is... It is actually the name of the plugin binary which we will invoke. So, if we are using demo, our binary has also to be named demo. There are also some additional optional parameters like IPAM, DNS, and the file can also contain any number of additional parameters. Not useful for the container runtime, it's also passed to the plugin, and actually in the demo we will make use of this. The runtime information, CNI command, this is a variable that tells us what the container runtime wants the plugin to do. We have four values, add, delete, check and version, add. It obviously means we are adding a container, delete, we are deleting a container, check if the network configuration is OK and version this just returns the supported versions. Container ID, pretty obvious, NetNS, this is the network namespace, IFName, this is the name of the network interface which the container runtime expects us to create. CNI path, this is the path to the CNI plugins directory, and CNI ROX, this is just some additional information that the container runtime wants to pass to us. In Kubernetes, for example, you can find the pod name that is being created in here. CNI result, this is the CNI result for adding a container. We have the CNI version, a list of created interfaces, IPs, routes and DNS information. We'll go over that in more detail in the demo. So, let us now go over to the demo. First, I will briefly talk about what I will do. When we start the demo, our container and our network namespace will already be created. First, we will write a simple network configuration file. The second step, just to make it a little bit easier, we'll use named network namespaces. What we will get from Kubernetes is an unnamed network namespace. Just for the sake of making it easier, we'll create a named one. Next, we'll create a bridge to which we will connect and we'll add an IP address to it. We'll create a virtual SNET pair. We'll move one end of the pair to our bridge and we'll move the other end to our network namespace. Remember that the container runtime gives us the name of the interface it expects to be inserted into the namespace. So, next step, we will rename it. We'll configure the connection, we'll add the IP, we'll configure routing and this is it. During the live demo, I will code the plugin and I will make some typos. I don't plan to make any, but still I will make some. So, let's make it a group effort. If you spot any typo, let me know right away and to make it worthwhile, I have some swag to give away. I have some heads and some lighters which are also, I mean, bottle openers. So, if you want to grab some, spot a typo. Okay, this is my host. It's Kubernetes setup all in one. Sure, I thought it's already big. Is it okay now? Let's first go to our configuration directory, etccni. This is the directory where we will find our network configuration. Now, does anybody know what property Kubernetes uses to set our configuration file? Yes? Oh, you don't count. Okay. Okay, I see no other answers. I mean, no other people knowing this and this is the correct answer. No such property. We can only specify the directory where a configure, but it only, yes, please grab some swag after the meeting. We can only specify the directory. Kubernetes will look at all the files in alphabetical order and it will pick the first one. So, let's modify the one that will specify our plugin. Notice it's the second one alphabetically, so it will not be used yet. We have the version. We have the name. My demo plugin. And we have the type. Let's call it demo. And as I said, we can have any number of additional attributes here. We want to connect to a bridge, so I will add a variable for this. Let's call it demo viewer. And we want to connect to it. We want to be able to set up the routing, so let's also pass in the gateway and make it 10.001. No typos. Okay, I will not rename the second file yet or delete it. We don't have our plugin yet, so let's first write this. By the way, we don't have the bridge either, so let's create it now and let's give it an IP address. And we'll go over to the directory with the plugins. Our plugin is called demo. It's slightly prepopulated to avoid typos. I will explain the already existing items as I go along. So what we want to do first, we want to grab our network configuration file from standard input. We'll do that by just looking at def sdn, just to make it a bit more readable. I'll comment. Next, we want to read our custom attributes. Okay. Wait, wait, wait. And you can center it. Does it work? Okay, sorry for this. I didn't see that it's not visible. Okay, next, what we want to do is retrieve our custom variables. So what we need is our bridge and our gateway. Excuse me? Comments don't count. Please grab your property after the demo anyway. I will run out of swag if you... So we have our network configuration in the conf variable. This is JSON. So let's retrieve the bridge parameter. We will echo conf and we'll pass it to jq. jq is a command line utility for parasing JSON. Very handy if you don't know it. Minus r is for row values. And we want to get bridge. Let me just repeat that. And the second one we want to get is gateway. Next step, we will... As I said, we want to use a namespace. It will be easier to code. So choose a name for our namespace. NSName. Obviously, it should be something unique. So we'll just go with the container ID here. CNI container ID. CNI container ID is the environment variable set by the container runtime. And next, IPAM. To save time, I will choose the simplest IP address management method available. And by that, I mean I will hard-code it. If you want to use it in production, don't do this. It will not work. I mean, it will only work for the first container. We only have 10 minutes left. So let's speed up. Now we have an if. We inspect the CNI command. If it's add, it means we are adding a container. So the next step should be to create our namespace. You can create a network namespace by creating a link to the namespace. The namespace is given to us in the CNI netNS variable. And we create it in var run netNS. And we already have a name for it. That's the NSName variable. Now, usually we won't have the directory by default. So let's just create it too. And this should create our namespace. The next step would be to create our vesper. We can do this by IP link add ves. We'll name the end of the vesper that we'll put into our root namespace and the other end ves NS. Type ves peer name NS. If you are not familiar with that, it's IP link add. The name of one end of the vesper, we indicate the type and we say that the peer name, the other end, should be named ves NS. And now we'll handle ves root. What we want to do, we want to add it to our bridge. IP link set ves root master. And we have our bridge name in the bridge variable. What we want to do next, we want to set it to up. And let's just set the bridge to up too. I can't remember if I did it bridge to up. Next step, we have to take care of the other end of the vesper. We'll have to move it to the namespace. So we do that by saying IP link set the device name net NS and we have our namespace NS name. Let me just check if this is how we named the variable. Yes. Oh, yeah, I wanted to... You can get some of this work even so you are a CNI maintainer. I wanted to write what we are doing. So move ves NS to namespace. Now we want to rename it. We want to rename it to whatever the container runtime is expecting. So we'll do that by saying first we have to set the device to down. IP link set ves NS down. Note that we have already moved the interface to our namespace. So we cannot just do IP link set because that does things in our root namespace. We have to tell the IP tool that we are using a different namespace. And we do that by IP net NS with the namespace name. So once it's down we can rename it. Of course, we have to do it in the namespace again. We have to set the name. And we rename it to CNI ISName. And we want to bring it up again. We have to use the new name now. Now IPAM. Usually IPAM is more complicated than this. And let's add some routing. And we have the gateway variable. We are almost done. Now we have to return the result back to our container runtime. To do this we'll need two more values. We'll need to retrieve the MAC of the added interface and the interface index. I pre-populated that to avoid typos. I couldn't arrange enough swag in the project. This is the template for our output. We have the CNI version. We have the interfaces. We only add one. So we have the name, MAC and Sandbox. Sandbox is just the network namespace. So it's a repetition of the CNI net NS variable which we have received. IPs. Interface is the interface index. Note that this is an integer value. So no quotes here. It's a little bit misleading but our maintainer can answer the questions about this after the session. So we use print just to populate the values. This is the interface name, the MAC network namespace. I'm trying to speed up a little bit because we are running out of time. We return the result by just echoing it to standard output. And we are almost done. Now, because you haven't spotted all the typos, because it was so quiet, what we might want to do, we want to add some logging. So we'll just redirect our error stream to a file, not to devs. We also might want to echo the action which the CNI wants us to perform. And because it will be useful later on, I will also echo the output. Below we can find some actions that we will do during a delete. We just want to clean up the namespaces and the Vester. Let's just save it. And let's try to run it. Before we run it, we need to swap the configuration files. So let's just move this one to a different name. So alphabetically, ours is first. So let's start a pod. I'll create a Kubernetes deployment with a local image. I mean local, from a local repository. And the moment of truth, get pod. And it says container creating. So we probably made a typo. Excuse me. We already had that. I had a shabang. Faro log. And it says network is unreachable. Timor, let me just see if the... Let's delete the deployment. Clean is just a script that I wrote to clean the environment. So that we start off with a clean one. And time's up. Let's just... And it's running. No, not yet. Please give me one more minute. Let's just try if we can ping it. We are offline, so it's... Yes. If we have...


The National Kidney Disease Education Program presents, You Have the Power to Prevent Kidney Disease. I went for physical and they found out that I had diabetes. I was having a lot of problems and my kidneys, the filters had already started to deteriorate. I had no idea that the kidneys were so important. It wasn't much they could do to, you know, repair it. My cold, my son, explained to him that eventually I was going to have to do a dialysis. Hi, Charlene. How are you today? Fine, how are you doing? Very good. Come on in. They started me on dialysis last May. I actually didn't know if it's something that just happens overnight or, you know, over a certain period of time and I just didn't know, you know, what causes it. Well, let's see how your pressure is. Kidney disease is a silent disease, especially kidney disease in the early stages. People feel fine. Actually they have no symptoms whatsoever. When a person has high blood pressure or diabetes or kidney disease, their family members are at risk. It's necessary that they be tested as well so that they can be treated early, if possible, if they do have that. Patients who have family members with diabetes or who have family members with high blood pressure, especially in African Americans, we know that these diseases are, put them at higher risk for developing kidney disease. And high blood pressure does run in our family. I knew that. I didn't know at the time that high blood pressure was affiliated with right kidney disease. I never thought I'm going to get tested for it until after my mom found out she had kidney disease and then my mom said, when you got to get tested, you got to get tested. You got hypertension, diabetes or kidney disease. If it runs in your family, you need to definitely get yourself checked out. The only way to tell if you have kidney disease is to be tested for kidney disease. The test for kidney disease is very simple. It's either a blood test or a urine test. We usually send the test results, come back within a day or two. We'll call you when we get the results and you can come in and we'll talk about it. Dionne, would you come back please? For Dionne's sake and my sake, I encourage Dionne to go get tested for the kidney disease so that if he is diagnosed with it, he can catch it, where he can get some help so he can know what's going on. It is important for Dionne to get tested because his mom does have kidney disease and diabetes and hypertension. So he is at risk for developing these things. So it's important for him to get tested on a regular basis. Once you get the diagnosis of kidney disease, it's not something that patients should look on. Gloomally, there's therapy, there's treatment available, but you have to come in, you have to be tested, and treatment has to be started. What we do is we try to figure out what's caused the kidney disease, whether it's related to diabetes. Maybe he's not aware that he has diabetes or he's not aware that he has high blood pressure because like kidney disease, high blood pressure is asymptomatic, meaning you don't really have symptoms. And diabetes in the early stages, you don't really have symptoms either. If we catch the disease early, it's very treatable. We have better medications nowadays to treat kidney disease. We can actually halt the progression of kidney disease. We must make the diagnosis early in order to kind of slow things down. I try to express the importance of, you know, being healthy to my son and my grandchildren. I want to be around to see the kids grow older. So, I mean, I stress that to myself to have myself checked out. For more information, call toll-free 1-866-454-3639 or visit our website at www.nkdep.nih.gov. Brought to you by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The National Kidney Disease Education Program presents You Have the Power to Prevent Kidney Disease For physical, and they found out that I had diabetes. I was having a lot of problems and my kidneys had, the filters had already started to deteriorate. I had no idea that the kidneys were so important. It wasn't much they could do to, you know, repair it. My cold, my son explained to him that eventually I was going to have to do a dialysis. Hi, Cherlene. How are you today? Fine, how are you doing? Very good. Come on in. They started me on dialysis last May. I actually didn't know if it's something that just happens overnight or, you know, over a certain period of time. And I just didn't know, you know, what causes it. Well, let's see how your pressure is. Kidney disease is a silent disease. Especially kidney disease in the early stages, people feel fine. Actually they have no symptoms whatsoever. When a person has high blood pressure or diabetes or kidney disease, their family members are at risk. It's necessary that they be tested as well so that they can be treated early, if possible, if they do have that. Patients who have family members with diabetes or who have family members with high blood pressure, especially in African Americans, we know that these diseases are, put them at higher risk for developing kidney disease. And high blood pressure does run in our family. I knew that. I didn't know at the time that high blood pressure was affiliated with, right, kidney disease. I never thought I'm going to get tested for it until after my mom found out she had kidney disease and then my mom said, well, you got to get tested, you got to get tested. If you got, like, hypertension, diabetes or kidney disease, if it runs in your family, you need to definitely get yourself checked out. The only way to tell if you have kidney disease is to be tested for kidney disease. The test for kidney disease is very simple. It's either a blood test or a urine test. We usually send the test results, come back within a day or two. We'll call you when we get the results and you can come in and we'll talk about it. Deon, would you come back, please? For Deon's sake and my sake, I encourage Deon to go get tested for the kidney disease so that if he is diagnosed with it, he can catch it, where he can get some help so he can know what's going on. It is important for Deon to get tested because his mom does have kidney disease and diabetes and hypertension, so he is at risk for developing these things. So it's important for him to get tested on a regular basis. Once you get the diagnosis of kidney disease, it's not something that patients should look on. Gloomally, there's therapy, there's treatment available, but you have to come in, you have to be tested and treatment has to be started. What we do is we try to figure out what's caused the kidney disease, whether it's related to diabetes. Maybe he's not aware that he has diabetes or he's not aware that he has high blood pressure because like kidney disease, high blood pressure is asymptomatic, meaning you don't really have symptoms. And diabetes in the early stages, you don't really have symptoms either. If we catch the disease early, it's very treatable. We have better medications nowadays to treat kidney disease. We can actually halt the progression of kidney disease. We must make the diagnosis early in order to kind of slow things down. Hey everybody, it's time to eat dinner's ready. I try to express the importance of, you know, being healthy to my son and my grandchildren. I want to be around to see the kids grow older. So I mean, I stress that to myself to have myself checked out. For more information, call toll-free 1866-454-3639 or visit our website at www.nkdep.nih.gov. Brought to you by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The National Kidney Disease Education Program presents You Have the Power to Prevent Kidney Disease For physical, they found out that I had diabetes. I was having a lot of problems and my kidneys, the filters had already started to deteriorate. I had no idea that the kidneys were so important. It wasn't much they could do to, you know, repair it. My cold, my son explained to him that eventually I was going to have to do a dialysis. Hi, Cherlene. How are you, Ted? Fine. How are you doing? Very good. Come on in. They started me on dialysis last May. I actually didn't know if it's something that just happens overnight or, you know, over a certain period of time. And I just didn't know, you know, what caused it. Let's see how your pressure is. Kidney disease is a silent disease, especially kidney disease in the early stages. People feel fine. Actually, they have no symptoms whatsoever. When a person has high blood pressure or diabetes or kidney disease, their family members are at risk. It's necessary that they be tested as well so that they can be treated early, if possible, if they do have that. Patients who have family members with diabetes or with family members with high blood pressure, especially in African-Americans, we know that these diseases put them at high risk for developing kidney disease. And high blood pressure does run in our family. I knew that. I didn't know at the time that high blood pressure was affiliated with right kidney disease. I never thought about getting tested for it until after my mom found out she had kidney disease. And then my mom said, well, you got to get tested. You got to get tested. If you got, like, hypertension, diabetes or kidney disease, if it runs in your family, you need to definitely get yourself checked out. The only way to tell if you have kidney disease is to be tested for kidney disease. The test for kidney disease is very simple. It's either a blood test or a urine test. We usually send the test results, come back within a day or two. We'll call you when we get the results and you can come in and we'll talk about it. Dionne, would you come back, please? For Dionne's sake and my sake, I encourage Dionne to go get tested for the kidney disease so that if he is diagnosed with it, he can catch it, where he can get some help so he can know what's going on. It is important for Dionne to get tested because his mom does have kidney disease and diabetes and hypertension. So he is at risk for developing these things, so it's important for him to get tested on a regular basis. Once you get the diagnosis of kidney disease, it's not something that patients should look on. There's therapy, there's treatment available, but you have to come in, you have to be tested and treatment has to be started. What we do is we try to figure out what's caused the kidney disease, whether it's related to diabetes. Maybe he's not aware that he has diabetes or he's not aware that he has high blood pressure because like kidney disease, high blood pressure is asymptomatic, meaning you don't really have symptoms. And diabetes in the early stages, you don't really have symptoms either. If we catch the disease early, it's very treatable. We have better medications nowadays to treat kidney disease. We can actually halt the progression of kidney disease. We must make the diagnosis early in order to kind of slow things down. Everybody, it's time to eat. Dinner's ready. I try to express the importance of, you know, being healthy to my son and my grandchildren. I want to be around to see the kids grow older. So I mean, I stress that to myself to have myself checked out. For more information, call toll-free 1866-454-3639 or visit our website at www.nkdep.nih.gov. Brought to you by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The National Kidney Disease Education Program presents You Have the Power to Prevent Kidney Disease For physical, they found out that I had diabetes. I was having a lot of problems and my kidneys, the filters had already started to deteriorate. I had no idea that the kidneys were so important. It wasn't much they could do to, you know, repair it. My cold, my son explained to him that eventually I was going to have to do a dialysis. Charlene, how are you today? Fine, how are you doing? Very good. Come on in. They started me on dialysis last May. I actually didn't know if it's something that just happens overnight or, you know, over a certain period of time and I just didn't know, you know, what causes it. Let's see how your pressure is. Kidney disease is a silent disease, especially kidney disease in the early stages. People feel fine. Actually, they have no symptoms whatsoever. When a person has high blood pressure or diabetes or kidney disease, their family members are at risk. It's necessary that they be tested as well so that they can be treated early, if possible, if they do have that. Patients who have family members with diabetes or with family members with high blood pressure, especially in African-Americans, we know that these diseases put them at higher risk for developing kidney disease. And high blood pressure does run in our family. I knew that. I didn't know at the time that high blood pressure was affiliated with kidney disease. I never thought I would get tested for it until after my mom found out she had kidney disease and then my mom said, well, you got to get tested, you got to get tested. If you got hypertension, diabetes or kidney disease, if it runs in your family, you need to definitely get yourself checked out. The only way to tell if you have kidney disease is to be tested for kidney disease. The test for kidney disease is very simple. It's either a blood test or a urine test. We usually send the test results, come back within a day or two. We'll call you when we get the results and you can come in and we'll talk about it. Dion, would you come back, please? For Dion's sake, I am my sake. I encourage Dion to go get tested for the kidney disease so that if he is diagnosed with it, he can catch it, where he can get some help so he can know what's going on. It is important for Dion to get tested because his mom does have kidney disease and diabetes and hypertension. So he is at risk for developing these things, so it's important for him to get tested on a regular basis. Once you get the diagnosis of kidney disease, it's not something that patients should look on gloomily. There's therapy, there's treatment available, but you have to come in and you have to be tested and treatment has to be started. What we do is we try to figure out what's caused the kidney disease, whether it's related to diabetes. Maybe he's not aware that he has diabetes or he's not aware that he has high blood pressure because like kidney disease, high blood pressure is asymptomatic, meaning you don't really have symptoms. And diabetes in your early stages, you don't really have symptoms either. If we catch the disease early, it's very treatable. We have better medications nowadays to treat kidney disease. We can actually halt the progression of kidney disease. We must make the diagnosis early in order to kind of slow things down. Okay everybody, it's time to eat. Dinner's ready. I try to express the importance of, you know, being healthy to my son and my grandchildren. I want to be around the city kids, grow older. So I mean, I stress that to myself to have myself checked out. For more information, call toll-free 1866-454-3639 or visit our website at www.nkdep.nih.gov Brought to you by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The National Kidney Disease Education Program presents You Have the Power to Prevent Kidney Disease. I went for physical and they found out that I had diabetes. I was having a lot of problems and my kidneys, the filters had already started to deteriorate. I had no idea that the kidneys were so important. It wasn't much they could do to, you know, repair it. My calls, my son explained to him that eventually I was going to have to do a dialysis. Hi, Charlene. How are you today? Fine. Very good. Come on in. They started me on dialysis last May. I actually didn't know if it's something that just happens overnight or, you know, over a certain period of time and I just didn't know, you know, what caused it. Let's see how your pressure is. Kidney disease is a silent disease. Especially kidney disease in the early stages, people feel fine. Actually they have no symptoms whatsoever. When a person has high blood pressure or diabetes or kidney disease, their family members are at risk. It's necessary that they be tested as well. So that they can be treated early if possible if they do have that. Patients who have family members with diabetes or who have family members with high blood pressure, especially in African Americans, we know that these diseases are put them at higher risk for developing kidney disease. And high blood pressure does run in our family. I knew that. I didn't know at the time that high blood pressure was affiliated with right kidney disease. I never thought about getting tested for it until after my mom found out she had kidney disease and then my mom said, well, you got to get tested, you got to get tested. If you got, like, hypertension, diabetes or kidney disease, if it runs in your family, you need to definitely have yourself checked out. The only way to tell if you have kidney disease is to be tested for kidney disease. The test for kidney disease is very simple. It's either a blood test or a urine test. We usually send the test results come back within a day or two. We'll call you when we get the results and you can come in and we'll talk about it. Dionne, would you come back, please? For Dionne's sake, I am my sake. I encourage Dionne to go get tested for the kidney disease so that if he is diagnosed with it, he can catch it, where he can get some help so he can know what's going on. It is important for Dionne to get tested because his mom does have kidney disease and diabetes and hypertension. So he is at risk for developing these things. So it's important for him to get tested on a regular basis. Once you get the diagnosis of kidney disease, it's not something that patients should look on. Gloomally, there's therapy, there's treatment available, but you have to come in, you have to be tested and treatment has to be started. What we do is we try to figure out what's caused the kidney disease, whether it's related to diabetes. Maybe he's not aware that he has diabetes or he's not aware that he has high blood pressure because, like, kidney disease, high blood pressure is asymptomatic. Meaning you don't really have symptoms. And diabetes in your early stages, you don't really have symptoms either. If we catch the disease early, it's very treatable. We have better medications nowadays to treat kidney disease. We can actually halt the progression of kidney disease. We must make the diagnosis early in order to kind of slow things down. Okay, everybody, it's time to eat dinner. It's ready. Well, I try to express the importance of, you know, being healthy to my son and my grandchildren. I want to be around to see the kids grow older. So, I mean, I stress that to myself to have myself checked out. For more information, call toll-free 1-866-454-3639. Or visit our website at www.nkdep.nih.gov. Brought to you by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The National Kidney Disease Education Program presents You Have the Power to Prevent Kidney Disease. I went for physical, and they found out that I had diabetes. I was having a lot of problems, and my kidneys, the filters had already started to deteriorate. I had no idea that the kidneys were so important. It wasn't much they could do to, you know, repair it. I called my son, explained to him that eventually I was going to have to do a dialysis. Charlene, how are you today? Fine, very good. Come on in. They started me on dialysis last May. I actually didn't know if it's something that just happens overnight or, you know, over a certain period of time, and I just didn't know, you know, what causes it. Well, let's see how your pressure is. Kidney disease is a silent disease, especially kidney disease in the early stages. People feel fine. Actually, they have no symptoms whatsoever. When a person has high blood pressure or diabetes or kidney disease, their family members are at risk. It's necessary that they be tested as well, so that they can be treated early, if possible, if they do have that. Patients who have family members with diabetes or who have family members with high blood pressure, especially in African Americans, we know that these diseases are put them at high risk for developing kidney disease. And high blood pressure does run in our family. I knew that. I didn't know at the time that high blood pressure was affiliated with kidney disease. I never thought I would get tested for it until after my mom found out she had kidney disease and then my mom said, well, you've got to get tested. You've got to get tested. If you've got hypertension, diabetes or kidney disease, if it runs in your family, you need to definitely get yourself checked out. The only way to tell if you have kidney disease is to be tested for kidney disease. The test for kidney disease is very simple. It's either a blood test or a urine test. We usually send the test results come back within a day or two. We'll call you when we get the results and you can come in and we'll talk about it. Dionne, would you come back, please? For Dionne's sake and my sake, I encourage Dionne to go get tested for the kidney disease so that if he is diagnosed with it, he can catch it where he can get some help so he can know what's going on. It is important for Dionne to get tested because his mom does have kidney disease and diabetes and hypertension. So he is at risk for developing these things, so it's important for him to get tested on a regular basis. Once you get the diagnosed with kidney disease, it's not something that patients should look on. Gloomally, there's therapy, there's treatment available, but you have to come in, you have to be tested and treatment has to be started. What we do is we try to figure out what's caused the kidney disease, whether it's related to diabetes. Maybe he's not aware that he has diabetes or he's not aware that he has high blood pressure because like kidney disease, high blood pressures is asymptomatic, meaning you don't really have symptoms. And diabetes in the early stages, you don't really have symptoms either. Thank you. If we catch the disease early, it's very treatable. We have better medications nowadays to treat kidney disease. We can actually halt the progression of kidney disease. We must make the diagnosis early in order to kind of slow things down. See everybody, it's time to eat dinner's ready. I try to express the importance of, you know, being healthy to my son and my grandchildren. I want to be around the city kids grow older, so I mean, I stress that to myself to have myself checked out. For more information, call toll-free 1-866-454-3639. Or visit our website at www.nkdep.nih.gov. Brought to you by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.


My name is Saint Agni. I am the author of Malignant Self-Flower, Narcissism Revisitor. The victim of the narcissist's abusive conduct resorts to fantasies and self-delusions to solve their pain. There are rescue fantasies. The victims say, It is true that he is chauvinistic, it is true that he is narcissistic, and that his behaviour is unacceptable and repulsive. But all he needs is a little love, and he will be straight in love. I will rescue him from his misery and misfortune. I will be the mother he never had. I will give him the love that he lacked as a child. Then his narcissism will vanish, and we will live happily ever after. But what is it like loving a narcissist? Don't misunderstand me. I believe in the possibility of loving narcissists if one accepts them unconditionally in a disillusioned and expectation-free manner. Narcissists are narcissists are narcissists. Take them or leave them. Some of them are lovable. Most of them are highly charming and intelligent. The source of the misery of the victims of narcissists is their disappointment, their disillusionment, their abrupt and tearing and tearful realisation that they fell in love with an ideal of their own making, a phantasm, an illusion, a fatamorgana. This waking up process, this cold turkey, is traumatic. The narcissist always remains the same. It is the victim who changes. It is true that narcissists present a luring facade in order to captivate sources of narcissistic supply. But this facade is easy to penetrate, because it is inconsistent and too perfect. The cracks are evident from day one. The narcissist is too good to be true, but this is often ignored. Then there are those who knowingly and willingly commit their emotional wings to the burning narcissistic candle. And this is a catch-22. To try to communicate emotions to a narcissist is like discussing atheism with a religious fundamentalist. Narcissists have emotions, they are strong ones. So terrifyingly overpowering and negative that the narcissist hides them, represses them, blocks and transmutes them. Narcissists employ a myriad of defence mechanisms in order to cope with their repressed emotions. Projective identification, splitting, projection, intellectualisation, rationalisation. We have discussed some of these in other videos. Any effort to relate to the narcissist emotionally is doomed to failure, alienation and rage. Any attempt to understand in retrospect or prospectively narcissistic behaviour patterns, reactions or his inner world in emotional terms is equally hopeless. Narcissists should be regarded as a force of nature, or an accident waiting to happen, or a predator. The universe is no masterplot or mega-plan to deprive anyone of happiness. Being born to narcissistic parents, for instance, is not the result of a conspiracy. It is a tragic event for sure, but it cannot be dealt with emotionally, without professional help, or appasantly. So stay away from narcissists, or face them aided with your own self-discovery through therapy. It can be done. Narcissists have no interest in emotional or even intellectual stimulation by significant others. Such feedback is perceived as a threat. Significant others or insignificant others in the narcissist's life have very clear roles. The accumulation and dispensation of past primary narcissistic supply in order to regulate current narcissistic supply. Nothing less, but definitely nothing more. Proximity and intimacy breed contempt in the narcissist. A process of devaluation is in full operation throughout the life of the relationship. A passive witness to the narcissist's past accomplishments, a dispenser of accumulated narcissistic supply, punching bag for his rages, co-dependent, a possession, though not a prized one, but taken for granted. Nothing much more is reserved for the partner, or mate, or spouse of a narcissist. These are her roles. This is the ungrateful, full-time, draining job of being the narcissist's significant other. But humans are not instruments, you say. To regard them as such is to devalue them, to reduce them, to restrict them, to prevent them from realizing their full potential. Inevitably, narcissists lose interest in their instruments, these truncated versions of full-fledged humans, once they cease to serve them in their pursuit of glory and fame. Consider friendship with a narcissist as an example of such thwarted relationship. One cannot really get to know a narcissist's friend. One cannot be friends with a narcissist, and one cannot love a narcissist in the fullest sense. Narcissists are addicts. They are no different to drug addicts. They are in pursuit of gratification through the drug known as narcissistic supply. Everything and every one around them is an object, a potential source to be idealized, or not a potential source to be cruelly devalued, discarded. Narcissists home in on potential suppliers like cruise missiles. They are excellent at imitating emotions, at exhibiting the right behaviors on cue, and at manipulating. Well, of course, all generalizations are false. And there are bound to be some happy relationships with narcissists out there. I discussed the narcissistic couple in one of my other videos. One example of a happy marriage is when a somatic narcissist teams up with a cerebral narcissist, or vice versa. Inverted narcissists and classic narcissists also usually form strong bonds. Narcissists can be happily married to submissive, subservient, such deprecating, echoing, mirroring, and indiscriminately supportive spouses. They also do well with masochists. But it is different to imagine that a healthy, normal person would be happy in such a folly adieu, madness in Tucson, or shared psychosis. It is also difficult to imagine a benign and sustained influence on the narcissists of a stable, healthy, made spouse or partner. But many a spouse, friend, maid, partner, intimate partner like to believe that, given sufficient time and patience, they will be the ones to rid the narcissist of his inner demons. They think that they can rescue the narcissist, shield him from his distorted self as it were. The narcissist makes use of this naivete. He explores it to his benefit. The natural protective mechanisms which are provoked in normal people by love are called lovably used by the narcissist to extract yet more narcissistic supply from his arriving victim. The narcissist affects his victims by infiltrating their psyches, but by penetrating their defenses. He is like a virus. He establishes a new genetic strain within his or her victim. This penetration, this intrusion echoes through the victims. It talks through them. It walks through them. It is like the invasion of the body snatcher or a demonic possession. You should be careful to separate yourself from the narcissist seed inside you. This alien growth, this spiritual cancer that is the result of living with the narcissist. You should be able to tell apart the real you and the parts assigned to you by the narcissist. To cope with the narcissist, to cope with him or her, the narcissist forces you to walk on actions and develop a false self of your own.  Thus perhaps we should talk about a new diagnostic category, victims of narcissists. Victims and survivors experience shame and anger for their past helplessness and submissiveness. They are hurt and sensitized by the harrowing experience of sharing a simulated existence with a simulated person, the narcissist. They are scarred and often suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. Some of them lash out at others of setting their frustration with bitter aggression. Like his disorder, the narcissist is all pervasive. Being the victim of a narcissist is a condition no less pernicious than being a narcissist to start with. Great mental efforts are required to abandon the narcissist. Physical separation is only the first and least important step. One can abandon a narcissist, but the narcissist is slow to abandon his victims. He is there, lurking, rendering existence unreal, twisting and distorting with no respite an inner, remorseless voice lacking in compassion and empathy for his victim. The narcissist is there in spirit, long after he had vanished in the flesh. This is the real danger that the victims of narcissists face, that they become like him, bitter, self-centered, lacking in empathy. This is the last bow of the narcissist, his curtain call, by proxy as it were. He renders his victims more and more like him as time passes.


Hi, I'm Laila Sturman and with me is Jason Clark we've been working on a project that we're going to discuss today in machine learning text summarization and optimizing scholarship for citizen audiences and discovery. We worked with our colleagues Justin shanks and Daniel Aiden who we are very grateful for their time and expertise on this project. Next slide so today we're going to discuss the motivation for the research. Then we did a survey to to ground the work that we're doing and we'll talk about that a bit and then the meat of the presentation. Jason will talk about summarizing and restructuring scholarship and how we did that and how we thought about it and what data we used and then we'll. Briefly discuss the implications and next steps of this research. Next slide so clear communication outside of displaying niches is rarely taught or emphasized in higher education. In fact, we train students and complex start in as part of their indoctrination into a field. At the same time, interdisciplinary research is a sought after interaction that research offices and institutions believe will increase innovation productivity and access to funding. Journal articles and book chapters are the standard efficient means of communicating within a once field and yet this static format disciplinary jargon and the presumed audiences of these scholarly outputs may inhibit some of the common measures of success for those outputs measures like high citation rates, successful grant applications, broad readership and acknowledgement of research are contingent on articles that attract and encourage readership from broad audiences. Next slide. We talk a great deal about the physical access to materials, yet understanding can be a secondary barrier once the document is in hand. If researchers want to have a large scale impact doing the work is not enough translation needs to be a further step. There's a reason folks get quoted in national news outlets more than others. They've done the work to be accessible. Next slide. One barrier that limits researchers potential to be collaborative is the understanding between disciplinary disciplinary niches. So you may be working on the same type of thing, but using totally different vocabulary to to explain it. And that really limits cross disciplinary interaction. The barrier is enforced by a lack of generally understandable language in things that we assume are understandable like abstracts and summaries. And so we're arguing for a simplified version of those research outputs. Not that they should be dumb down or simplified to the detriment at the detriment of innovation or to be misconstrued as, you know, the news media. That got a little confused around some of the coven 19 preprints in early days and what that all meant and what a preprint was. But if there are secondary outputs that are simplified for a broad audience that those can actually help the broad reach and the impact of knowledge and work against that kind of journalistic confusion around research. This is not a new concept, but we're taking a new angle at solving it. And we think that libraries are well situated to engage in this type of service. Next slide. To get baseline data of the current practices of our faculty at Montana State. We developed a survey and we made sure it included gift card incentive, which we were glad we'd done when one of our respondents said that this was a very challenging survey. So we asked some hard questions. Next slide. Oh, and I will say that the survey questions and responses are available on the sides that C&I is putting out and on GitHub with the rest of our documentation. So, who responded to our survey? We had 59 respondents out of 105 invitations, which is about 60% response, which we're very happy about. And if you can read the slide. We had about a third associate professors and then a quarter ish each assistant and full professors and then a postdoc and two research appointment professors. And we invited researchers very specifically and not a random sample across all the tenure home departments on our campus. And then we tried to invite scholars at different career stages. So we were really intentional about trying to get a broad understanding of our scholars. We wanted to know what was important to them and where they currently spent their time so that as we developed an automated process, we could decrease the time and effort involved in that step of translation and really be useful to our scholars. Next slide. We found, here's an example of a journal article that'll come back in a little bit, that scholars value a broad range of outputs. The journal article is the top. It, you know, surpasses everything. But in a sort of a second band of important scholarly outputs, we had books, presentations, invited lectures, book chapters, posters and proceedings. So none of that's surprising. Those are what we expected, but it's good to confirm that. When asked about measures of success, we also didn't, we weren't surprised, but we, you know, our beliefs were confirmed that. Assistant professors universally said publications, citations and grant dollars were the measure of success for them so that, you know, promotion of tenure is really driving their output associate professors. I had those same concerns, but then added the number of their graduate students who had successful careers and who successfully completed their graduate studies. And then some recognition and impact and then full professors had all those same concerns and added the success for their undergraduate students and their teaching, and then a few more mentions of broad impacts. So they also mentioned intrinsic motivations. So things like a sense of personal satisfaction, positive impact on people's lives and being sought out as a mentor. One respondent cut right through it and said Montana state values the number of journal articles and book chapters and grant dollars that I bring in where I value making a difference. Well, individuals have varied motivation and differ from our university. The specter of tenure and promotion continues to be a central driving factor in the dissemination of research. This also drives the venues and objectives of that research dissemination. So these outputs are aimed at disciplinary peers. Next slide. And when targeting their intended audiences, they expect to do little more than publish. As you can see from these quotes, I just expect to find researchers to find my papers. We just assume that they're doing the right thing. We argue that that's not enough. Next slide. Instead of just trusting that publishing in a reputable journal will do the work for you. We advocate for translation. We should treat scholarship as a conversation, especially if you think about it in terms of the information literacy framework. It's important to be speaking the same language to have a fluent conversation. This is again, an opportunity for libraries to help with this work and to provide wider access to the ideas that will benefit further research in the public. Next slide. Lack of translation inhibits both outreach and discovery. As you can see in this quote from one of our respondents, they valued the articles and podcasts as increasing the visibility of their work just to keep up in their disciplinary niche. Next slide. Many of our survey respondents believe that their research has impact or should have impact. There's a specific audience that they'd like to reach. You can look in our survey data and see, but they'd like to reach more than just 17 people who read the same journal that they publish in, but they don't do the work to get there. That work is not valued on that promotion and tenure timeline. It's rarely counted or it's intangible, the connection between that extra translation work and invited speaking roles. So we can help make that work easier. So it's less of a time suck, but people still get the benefits. Next slide. When asked what impact they think their research has on the left, you can see this is a historian who clearly is very thoughtful and does intentional work to reveal the historical roots of current issues to bring hidden stories to public light and really works to move their work into many spheres. You don't see on the right. This researcher says it moves ideas around within whatever academic field it lands in, which I honestly don't quite know what it means and can assume it's not that effective. So, next slide. So, when we're looking at that next step on the left again, we have an economist who has a suite of people working with them. It's a very well resourced department and they, you know, they say that they have their research is crafted into a policy brief. And disseminated and then a communication administrator crafts new articles that highlight the topic and then a third layer of other economists present their work to the public. So that's layers of resources that most of us don't have the reality for many is more a published and reputable journals, and then move on to the next thing try to get the next grant right the next paper teach the next class. So, we're hoping to help researchers game the ideal without needing to hire 3 extra people to do the work. Most people can't. Next. So, we're aiming to create a tool that allows Andre into the scholarly conversation. It doesn't play scholarship, but increases visibility and accessibility across disciplines. Next slide. We're not working in a vacuum. These tools listed here and linked. Help scholars translate text mind parse metadata from PDFs and summarize research. Not all are still maintained, but there's information about all of them. And they're all working to enhance the possibilities of the static PDF for human and machine readability. And we're happy to be joining this scholarly conversation. Next slide. One of the last questions on the survey, researchers responded that they were most interested in an abstract that had been translated to provide an accessible and readable summary of your work to the general public. This is no easy task, but important as we've seen. And Jason will now explain how we've been working on that task. So, yeah, in addition to lots of information, which is great for us, a general ideas about scholarly communication practices, how disciplines are prioritizing what they say or where they're publishing. But we're also able to gain knowledge into where if they were going to do this work. How might they think about the articles they produce and where we would, where we would look for candidates for summarization or for for the work of building a snapshot article. And our entry into this was about interdisciplinary translation kind of moving because between our domains on campus, allowing communication to happen. But there's even further we connected to the idea of snapshots that allow citizens to understand parts of our research and the output of the university income in keeping close to our land grant mission. So the end of the survey had questions like this. What would you prefer? What kind of output, if you were to create a snapshot article, what would you, what would be most beneficial to you if we were to look at your sources, the sources of your research, where would you have us look. So applying the research from that survey to these new forms of scholarship. And this is this was really exciting for the team. So really what we were looking to do is again moving moving from that as we prioritize the journal article, moving from the common expression of the journal, sorry, journal article to something, something else. Our team was really coming at this as, you know, if you were to think through a source a seed, a seed snapshot article that would eventually lead somebody to or could lead somebody through a DOI, or through other other means to the actual research itself. What would be the minimum viable unit for expressing that form of scholarship. And again, we didn't work in a vacuum with this. Leila mentioned a number of tools that are in various stages that I think about this. But one of our one of our motivations was to think through that minimum viable expression of scholarship. And for us that that idea of a nano publication, which I have on the screen right now, which was really just about this was a link data expression for, for, for an article so you could, you could encode an article in, in, in a certain way so that it had its, the primary assertion, the provenance of the article and the publication info. And so coming from that mindset is really where we started, and that led us into the summarization activity. We eventually settled on a form of a web scale vocabularies called schema org that was created that's created and consumed by commercial search engine. They have a form of a scholarly article, which is part of the markup you're seeing on the screen here. So, in addition to the snapshot we used markup behind the scenes to identify the different pieces of the article of the journal article itself. So all of these things like the idea of a snapshot, what's minimum viable expression of scholarship and then how do you encode that we're coming, we're converging into this project. And then you get into the, how do you script and program summarization so the machine processes themselves and I'll give a little time to this part of the conversation. Again, we saw from the, I'll stay here for a moment, we saw from, from survey that people saw value, our researchers saw value in summarization, and creating different kinds of readability levels for their research. We also didn't have full resources and always the time. And as Layla pointed to them, they're not always incentivized to do this. The team kind of thought about this as the last last mile problem with last mile problem whether you hear about with the internet. This was the kind of last mile problem that we were thinking about in terms of research scholarship outreach like communication of the of those concepts in terms of page to person. So there was value here but and we knew that there were routines that we could introduce and so that's where these machine processes really helped us move forward with recognizing that value and then the expression of that research in a new form. Again, we started with, there's always the data mining itself, giving just want to give the group a sense of where we started. We had a STEM, a STEM corpus, and we also wanted some social science and humanities corpus. So we, we pulled a number of different sources together, primarily PDFs that we would mine and start this summarization process with and there was, you know, depending on sources. The OCR was better than others if we did sort of cap current research, I think we went through the first we stayed within the like the last five years. And, and these were just samples that we weren't trying to be exhaustive of every piece of research that MSU Montana State University has produced in the last five years, but just how do we get to this proof of concept. So data mining was our first was our first part of the machine process. As far as cleanup, we use the Surmine Java library and all of these scripts. Layla mentioned that we have a GitHub repository linked at the end of the slides. The scripts are available there so you can see them. This was a matter of taking that PDF document and moving it into a textual format that could be used to do some of the natural language processing and use some of those models to come up with readability and different kinds of summarization. So the second piece of this was what I just what I just started to mention, which was like, okay, you have a set of texts. You have the ability to start to look at your language models that can talk about readability levels or evaluate accessibility of language. You have a set of libraries that can start to parse that language and break it apart and understand rank it in terms of like what are important sentences where what are where the parts of speech how and then combining that into an abstraction that can be expressed in the snapshot article itself. So this work was really about part of speech tagging. We used a library that ranks sentences so that we could understand where those important sentences were or what what the machine model understood us as important sentences. We primarily use the Python natural language toolkit again the script. The script is there. If people are interested in seeing some of the code behind the scenes. So, as we, we kind of we had this idea of a minimal viable expression. What what is what could a snapshot be we had the machine processes and then we were going to unite it with that schema.org markup for an HTML expression of the article itself so that it could be indexed and found and read. So, in this case we looked at two particular formats. I mentioned the scholarly article schema.org markup earlier but there's also news article markup and either one of these as you move to summarization, the abstractive summarization that we pulled out. Probably could be marked up in both or, or either or. Again, that's an expression of this is just kind of behind the scenes of what how we would connect the expression of that schema vocabulary with the actual text sources and the snapshot. And this was our overall goal, two to three sentence summary, a readability score of around 60 which is about high school level, and then something that snapshot article that was re envisioned in HTML and are highly optimized HTML that could be found by commercial search engines. And so it was a matter of moving and kind of see this I'm going to let it let you just call your attention to the sort of opening sentences of this intro, which is not is using the language of the domain as it would. The idea was to move from this expression of the article to that idea of a snapshot and the summary here is where you're getting the movement in readability and an abstraction of pages, you know, nine to 10 or nine to 12 pages of an article a science article moved into a summary readable for a wide audience. We also were able to maintain some of the domain language and the important sentences, based on what the model would give us. And then we could prioritize keywords, keywords that it was finding that were part of the narrative and identified as essential So what this led to was obviously forms of as Leila was talking at the top but accessible research, really hitting at translation of those concepts that kind of last mile of research understanding and then also connecting it to ways that we we think places where users are findable research. There are users and opportunities there always are the data sources for the articles. That was something I think I said, some point. It was, you know, I had this kind of Bill Murray ground all day moment if people understand that metaphor man caught in it in a loop of days. I feel like when we come to these text mining projects. The first problem is is always the, the normalization of the data and finding good text sources. So that there was that there was no different here. But we were able to get a small set of data for social science humanities and stem articles. So the challenge I think that we still need to pull on and understand is what how good is this model really working. The summarizations came out pretty well. I would like that to to my non specialist. I, and knowledge of the domain, but I would, I would like to confirm. We rework the review of the summarizations to the scholars themselves. We still need again these are the questions like another conversation with the scholars about what, what are these, you know, is this model performing. Also, maybe find ways to adjust the reading levels like if we wanted to dial it back up to places where maybe it's at a high school level, but we so we don't lose if we do too much in moving it to a level of a certain. Those are all. And I think there's exciting. I think also opportunities. There's new partnerships. We, as we piloted this with scholars research journal articles. I think there are, there are more and more ways we could help. Reach out to you research our news. Research our news. And this model could be applied at helping them abstract some of their research news. I also think that the news writers are people are particularly suited to help understand and create better summarizations. So that's a, that's a that's a partnership that will move forward with here. I think there's also some work to be done on how do you surface the snapshot article. Make sure it has the referral to the original research and understand the impact and reach of the snapshot article itself. So I do this a lot. I'm not meant for these zoom screens. I, I'm a kinetic speaker. Those, those were kind of the. The details of the model and the goals of the snapshot. Layla is going to take us through the overall picture of research implications. Thanks, Jason. Yeah, so we're. I'm just going to reiterate that we're, we're hoping to position the library as a partner in the research process. Next slide. You know, I think it's a, it's a recurring theme that we're looking to make sure that the library continues to be integrated into the research enterprise. Even as that changes at a really fast speed, it changes very quickly and and we want to make sure that we're keeping up and we, we develop new services that are innovative and useful. We will do some more work understanding how and why scholars summarize their work and figuring out how we can make this more efficient and useful. And then the overall goal of all of that is to create interdisciplinary communication. That's more effective that, that allows research to, to innovate to allow people to do what they're hoping to do and to collaborate across disciplines and, you know, even within disciplines in, in new ways that produce scholarship that will change the world. You know, it's a lofty goal and also a very attainable goal, I believe. Next slide. So, we, we hope to be a part of the conversation of scholarship and we hope to act as translators within that conversation to facilitate conversations. That may be happening already, but we can help accelerate and improve to add visibility and discoverability to research so that we can have the, the most full impact. It's possible and benefit our own research and in the world. You know, we're a land-grade university and that is, that's our mission and so helping, helping that through the production of, of snapshot articles and optimized summaries is a, is a goal that, that we feel pretty strongly in. Next slide. We would be happy to talk about this further. Please contact us or, you know, check out the survey information and, and everything on our, on our GitHub to understand what we're doing more. And we look forward to continuing this conversation. Thank you.


but now the bomb but where is the bomb I want to the first movie reaction of 2023 my name is Jeroen better known as Dutch pawn fan and joining me in the new year once again is my beautiful girlfriend Lierith hi good morning today we are watching 1987's The Living Daylights the first Bond movie of a new actor Timothy Dalton are you excited I am excited this is first Bond film right I already saw the license to kill yes correct license to kill we did in the old format a couple of years ago we will still do that in the new format too it's been a couple of years since you saw that anyway so it will almost be like a first-time reaction but first we're getting into The Living Daylights it's been seven Roger Moore movies a lot of him the previous one you did enjoy a lot with the exception of the Bond girl the first Bond girl in history you gave no stars how yeah what are your expectations for the Bond girls or not or your hopes for the Bond girl in this one I think they will get better yeah I think you that was the low point it can only go up from here so yeah if you are interested in the full length reaction you can join me and Lierith on patreon as a premium supporter you can see the full length reactions and synchronize your own copy of the movie with our reaction and see the whole thing there if you are interested also you might see a famous actor in this movie that you know they're all famous they're all famous that's true but one that you in particular would know so yeah let's delve into that movie the new 007 yeah now the S.A.S. have been placed on full alert to intercept you but I know you won't let me down they don't see them this is an exercise for the 00 agents a real exercise yeah this is Gibraltar it's just a rocks out of Spain basically but it's its own country there's monkeys there game's up mate you're dead explosives I think there's nothing but playboys in tennis pros and James Bond exercise control 007 here a report in an hour won't you join me better make that too so he said to her better make a two drinks and to them better make a two hours at the same time yep he's in this as well a Dutch one yeah this this song is performed by aha who is also did take on the living daylight Saunders head of section V Vienna you're bloody late bloody late in the box between the KGB minders with a cello forget the ladies for once bond turn off the lights this is cool David risky ass the jacket I don't think so no but he would love it I think I mean he's under the impression you're the best where's the calm already he's much darker I didn't brought you more real professional which I always like about his bond sniper to close up center window it's a girl with the cello yeah killer shootout what are you waiting for you missed deliberately why did he miss that you'll find out she's here yeah where is he in the boot first place that look but my escape route James James Bond later Jen taking him how will you get him out sorry old man section 26 paragraph 5 yeah no sure you don't understand he's like a bureaucrat he just got him back he only knows like read the books but he doesn't know how to activate like the goggles and then also a woman Rosika milk us our man here we must hurry get him in the peak the speak scouring plug to clean out the pipeline if you open valve before 100 he will he will be bush to take care of the supervisor when he goes his control panel will light up my Christmas tree so she needs to distract the guard with their body because he planned to escape route and now bond made a better one he wanted to put him in the boot you wouldn't get him over the board no they're actually checking the boot you see yeah so that would have failed and now he's going to the UK yeah fires me off thinking for it whether she was must have scared the living daylights out of her so she was not a professional see he saw it there's there was something there's some plot behind how she yeah destination methods strangulation with hands or thighs what you know does any on the top they use it later child impersonation something we're making for the Americans it's called a ghetto blast be killed that's the aster martin that bond uses him no time to die it's from this film yeah function some personnel overcome evacuate immediately sent for emergency medical services he's asking six times for green for stupid stupid look at this explosive milk that's just that's you know what am I six I'm a seven I don't care but you're asking six times that's a major breach the security is not good not good at all already said help this guy do you recognize him you want me to tell you yes he plays Sala in Indiana Jones oh yeah but here he's pushing he's the bad guy here he's the new head of the KGB blanks you know to play the conservatory yesterday it was exquisite about Yorkie Costco they would have just let her die if Bond killed her so clearly she doesn't care he doesn't care about her if bond we just followed orders he would have killed an innocent girl and there she goes she's already in the car it looks like we got away with it my cello it's at the conservatoire don't worry I'll get you another Indiana no we must go back for it oh my god right this is your life they're looking for a pardon call a man and a woman and a cello of course the Russians are driving ladders it's just like what's happening what happened salt corrosion she's just a regular girl what is this I've had a few optional extras installed see what this is this road only needs to the lake does he has like gadgets for a lake I think so if we're two people break I'm to slay in it they can't go here how do you like my personal panting of great commanders great commanders the first one was Hitler yeah this is the equivalent of a modern maximum third-generation oh he's like how do you call that arm still yeah let's buy it don't joke who will pay your key of course we have to report so you don't grab a was not a good guy yeah so but it was right not to kill the woman and he's dead we should go to the top of a Ferris wheel romantic you already did that it was too scary yeah during the day we could do it in the night where's what you can now at his place in Tangier well done the guy that plays solo again Pushkin smear to be on him it's just a frame him ask why smear to be on him smear to be on him that is a security matter and cannot be discussed he's not messing around this bond he's a lot harder than Roger Moore right I do like that it's very different after seven years he's not dead they staged it to make Costco believe that bond obeyed the orders of my six you're looking for a party seems like a good idea they're bad never get in a car with strange people but he's especially he's bond he wants to find out one and one is in the back and one is in the front but he needs to find out where to go so he needed to do this but also look at this what the hell are you right right start World War three Felix lighter the CIA they're on his side yeah I get it right she's not drinking KGB agent using me to find him and kill him no that's not that's not true I did something in his dream as I told you she's not drinking you got that one rifle was shot out of your hands how do you know because I was the man car on my darling so who does he trust now him or bones she's naive Jesse Bondo diamonds hidden in the ice she is she is much more capable than just from the previous one for a regular girl right she's not an agent she's just a musician yeah 30 seconds it didn't work with him it did that was about 30 seconds it's just a brief moment do something isn't she doing yes we're free we're inside a Russian airbase in the middle of Afghanistan try this they're not free yet what's going on I tell them you're not Russian they don't kill you now not now how about late don't worry they're lucky they saved him too showered now who are you I work for the British government purchase American high-tech weapons arms that could be used against you and so he wants to go back to the it's too dangerous don't go I have to you have to what get killed what is that opium why isn't she covering her face they would recognize her yeah luckily they don't destroy the pain ten minutes right yeah by the plane himself well that this is why she reminds me of you we see she keeps saying like we're in this together and just want to be with him that's your personality as well that's already ten minutes no that was a mistake and James wanted to save and then they will fly away with his shoe well as the bomb he can activate it again jeep so cool there's no choice you know he's great places everywhere Whitaker now Koskoff survived as well he's one of the statues you burned up a half a billion bucks bucks he's America yeah they said it American arms deal met his water loom general pushkin thank god you're still alive still play put him on the next plane to Moscow oh thank you general thank you so much thank you in the diplomatic bag she is a defector too what shall we do about her she wants to play in there Vienna I think in reality if there's a bullet hole in the instrument it wouldn't sound correct for movie it's fine there's the old man your friends have got some trouble at the airport why general gogol I can't imagine why back then you could still make jokes like that you didn't think I'd miss this performance did you okay that was the living daylights what did you think what are your initial thoughts of Timothy Dalton's first 007 adventure he's docker than the rest he is yeah he's definitely the most realistic bond they call him like the precursor to what Daniel Craig did he did it first kind of more violent and realistic that correct us as well yeah shall we get into it or do you have some more thoughts to share before we start no all right then we go straight away into bonds performance Timothy Dalton as James Bond 007 what did you give him three stars three stars for Timothy Dalton I was hoping for more but yeah I guess you can't win them all so what did you think of him better as James Bond he was very dark this yeah no you like the more light hearted actually yeah it's funny because I remember in the first format when we did Goldfinger you said it's too cartoony I need something more realistic than we went to license to kill when you liked it better and now ironically Goldfinger still is your highest rated movie ironically enough for now I think for now yeah but you you preferred the realistic so it shifted so Roger Moore kind of well I saw all the other ones now yeah yeah okay so all right Dalton didn't win your what was there something you did like about him he stayed with one girl that's true yeah in this film he did yeah and also I like the other parts where he's using the sniper and puts the jacket on and the professional you know he's he's not messing around you know when he's not kidding so you can tell like oh this guy could really kill someone with Roger Moore he's more like you know the nice guy you could you couldn't believe he would kill so this is definitely a more believable professional secret agent moving on to the Bond girl Kara Milovi hopefully you'll give her a star how much did you give her well I wanted to give her one star oh man but I gave her two stars you gave her two stars okay well at least he's got stars so that's still a couple of steps up from Stacy Sutton previously what did you think she was naive and sometimes not smart right but she was a normal girl yeah and I wear in her shoes I think I would be probably the same one yeah I think so who does that kind of thing so that's why she got two stars yeah like I said in the in the review she kind of reminded me of you as well in a good way not not by appearance obviously you're not blonde you do have brown eyes just like her but I mean in the way that you know she's fully committed to bond and she's just involved in this plot kind of like how you are suddenly involved in this movie reaction so it's no but in all seriousness she's one of my favorite bond girls I really like she's different she's not just another secret agent types he's more and she's capable as well in her own way and she's a talented magician another reason she reminds me of you so yeah but two stars we'll take it moving on to the villains there were multiple villains in this movie yes what did you think of them three stars three stars it's pretty good actually I would have given them less probably what did you think well there was a Dutch one in it you don't grab a year he didn't die he was a cockroach yeah maybe in a diplomatic back means they would kill him but it's kind of implied but he played it well he wants to go to the good side and then he was out of me at the bad side yeah and then you have the arms dealer Brad Whitaker oh yes that one also and you have the blonde guy who was killing everyone with a walkman yeah an explosive milk bottles yeah the KGB you had it's mostly those three because Pushkin didn't turn out to be a bad guy he was actually just like Kogo just a new replacement it's funny you said that you're a bit did a good job I I thought he was not believable as a Russian he didn't have a Russian accent he was so because I know him from TV how he is he's so overtone James Bond and got your life but how did they like booked him as a actor they have like Russian actors right right and you know you know when GoldenEye that during another Dutch actors plays a Russian I think she's much better as you don't grab a as a Russian she does the accent are Russian actors yeah I don't know what their fascination is what we'll get a Dutch person for a Russian general we have no relations but yeah so you don't grab a three stars not only him not only him and Brad Whitaker yes keep remember the face of Brad Whitaker because you may you will see him show up in a future Bond film in a different room obviously because he died in this one and you already saw that film but you must have forgotten but you'll see when we get to that in the new format okay so moving on to the locations in the living daylights what did you think of the locations three stars three stars for the locations yeah yeah do you think it was filmed well did you like where this was taking place well they said they were in Afghanistan in the end yeah yeah I don't know if that that's for real but I never saw a Bond movie in Afghanistan and they say if like someone from that London Vienna yeah and of course the opening scene was in Gibraltar yeah really was in Gibraltar obviously you can you can tell yeah so yeah I like the opening scene as well in this movie with the exercise on the rock of Gibraltar with the parachuting yeah so yeah no great film in my opinion there were a lot of locations yeah absolutely so we're moving on to the story in the living daylights what did you think it was three stars three stars I was hoping for more I think this is a really good spy thriller but you know in the vein of for your eyes only and from Russia with love but what did you think of this story I got irritated by the in that castle oh yeah when they when that was actually later turned out to be a plot so he was actually his ally saving Koskov and Koskov was pretending to be kidnapped but it was all planned yeah so they needed professionally they fooled us but you were irritated by the security yes you were am I six so that story you thought they should have responded faster with the walkie-talkie it was a breach you're not asking six time to one of the agents there are you okay do you copy yeah but the rest of the story it was a pretty good one yeah yeah I like how I mean there's some bomb girls involved in this and she just thinks you know she's the bomb the boyfriend of someone clearly being used yes he was just set up to be killed by by Bond but Bond had his instincts on the right place knowing she wasn't a professional KGB killer at all but just you know a musician so he deliberately did not shoot her yeah to kill so yeah no great story and it keeps you going back and forward thinking and not a lot of art films do that mostly it's obvious straight away with the villains and also with the villains they keep changing and you have to think yeah and of course there is the great action scene with the cello down oh yes yeah the sleigh yeah that was cool and they go across the border we have nothing to declare only the cello yeah yeah couldn't you practice the violin yeah yeah so that was that was great moving on to the final section of this how did you enjoy the living day lights two stars such a shame but so it wasn't the most enjoyable Bond film to you couple of parts of scenes they were like the cello part like on the lake with the car chase and everything not your cup of tea then that is a shame so that's okay you know it's her opinion so I guess I'm still yet to win you over but first of all this brings your total score to another three-star very decent actually and you do know the other Dalton only the two Bond films you do know his other one licensed to kill yeah that's one of your yeah it's probably my my favorite objectively I wouldn't call it the best Bond film but I just like that film so much so actually you've seen all of the bond all of them yes kind of yeah obviously not all of them have been put on YouTube yet because quantum of solid Skyfall inspector were pre-recorded way back in September 2021 already yeah that's how long it was ago and that's still yet to come up to the channel because we did that before the release of no time to die we're just gonna finish the movie reactions in this format so all the bar movies coming after this one are still gonna be up but from license to kill to casino real are gonna be a second time watching for her but the good news is she doesn't remember anything about them so is there anything before we finish this of this video you remember about license to kill next time just to give the viewers a little preview of how much exactly you remember well I fuck I forget the film like when I saw it then it's okay so you have no idea anymore I think with the sharks there was a shark in there that's about what you remember right so that's good news isn't the drugs and the drugs yeah that got to come from far so next time you will see another movie reaction of me and lyric a second time watching a semi first time because he forgot about most of it anyway maybe if we start the movie and I'm in the movie I think oh yes yeah it will there will be a lot of oh yes in the next couple of five episodes so see you guys in the next video