Topic for the day is Lefort 1 Osteotomy. The Lefort 1 Osteotomy has become the workhorse of orthodontic surgical procedures. It is a technically easy procedure with broad applications to resolve many functional and aesthetic problems. It is important to understand the biologic basis of any facial bone osteotomy. The revascularization studies of Bell and Fonseca indicate that the maxilla may be mobilized and repositioned and the survival continues as long as the mobilized maxilla remains attached to a broad soft tissue pedicle. It means that maxilla can survive as long as the blood supply to it is intact and unhampered. What are the indications of Lefort 1 Osteotomy? Basically, Lefort 1 Osteotomy can be performed to mobilize and reposition maxilla in all three planes, namely the vertical, anterior, posterior and transverse planes. Coming to the surgical technique. With all facial bone procedures, positioning of the patient at the time of maxillary osteotomy is very important. The patient's head should be elevated approximately 10 degrees and a diluted solution of local anesthesia with epinephrine is injected into the mucosal tissues of the upper lip. Coming to the incision. The oral incision is placed high in the mucobuccal fold of the upper lip. It extends from the zygomaticum axillary butt waste region on one side to that of the opposite side crossing the midline. Incision may be placed using either a scalpel blade or a thermal knife. It is placed in such a way that it facilitates subperiostal dissection to the orbital rim, thus exposing the interorbital now. After this, the dissection of the posterior maxilla is performed. A tunneling is performed in order to preserve a broad base intact mucosal pedicle to ensure an intact blood supply to the sectioned maxilla. Design of the lateral wall, lateral maxillary osteotomy is tailored to the patient's aesthetic needs. Not on every patient, same sort of osteotomy design is performed. For example, the first diagram shows a low level osteotomy. The second and third diagram shows an osteotomy with modification in the infarbited region. And the fourth diagram depicts a low level horizontal osteotomy with no vertical sections. The first osteotomy that we perform is that of the lateral wall of maxilla. This initiates at the zygomatic or maxillary buttress region on one side. This is performed using a reciprocating saw and proceeds towards the anterior region, towards the nose. So, normally here a retractor is placed that is at the junction of the maxilla with the pterigot plate. This is to provide adequate exposure and ensure safety of maxillary artery and its branches. So, how does maxillary artery appear here? As they descend the pterigopalatine forza, the artery will be encountered posterior to the tuberosity region. Hence, keeping a retractor posterior to the tuberosity minimizes the risk of damaging the artery and its vessels. Following osteotomy of lateral wall of maxilla, osteotomy of posterior wall is performed by moving the reciprocating saw in an inferior direction from the zygomatico maxilla, zygomatico maxillary buttress region. So, from the buttress the saw is directed inferiorly towards the pterigot plate. You continue to protect the vessels behind the tuberosity using a retractor. Once the section of posterior wall is completed, the next step is to section the lateral nasal wall. During this procedure you need to free the cartilage and the bone of nasal septum and warmer from maxilla. How is it performed? An osteotome is placed at the pyreform rim and directed posteriorly and inferiorly. It is directed posteriorly and downward, inferiorly along the lateral nasal wall towards the perpendicular plate of palatine bone. So, basically you are separating the nasal septum from maxilla. Hence, complete sectioning of palatine bone should be ensured. No palatine bone should remain attached to the maxilla. This can lead to fracture that extends up till the orbit. Hence, ensure a complete sectioning of the palatine bone. This is performed using nasal septum osteotome. This is a nasal septum osteotome and special care should be taken to preserve the nasal mucosa as well. The mucosa should not be damaged while doing the procedure. The next step and the final step in the leford osteotomy is the separation of maxilla from the pterigoid plates. Here, this is done with a curved osteotone and it is directed medially and anteriorly at the junction of maxilla with the pterigoid plate. So, at the pterigomaxillary junction, you place a curved osteotome in a medial and anterior direction. Hence, this junction is performed. Again, you should take care that the palatal mucosa is not torn or damaged during the procedure. So, for this, you can keep a finger posted to the tuberosity region at the hammerless and ensuring that the instrument is right at the pterigomaxillary junction. Once pterigomaxillary disjunction is performed, the next step is to down fracture the maxilla with hand pressure. You hold maxilla in the anterior region and perform a down fracture. Following this, a bone raunger is used to remove any remaining warmer or nasal crest of maxilla. This is done in particular if repositioning of maxilla is planted in superior direction. In superior repositioning, there are chances that any bony hindrances or bony irregularities will affect the repositioning. Hence, use a raunger to remove any bony perturbances or irregularities. Next, after down fracturing is complete, maxilla is placed in intermaxillary fixation. This is intermaxillary fixation where maxilla and mandible is fixed together. This is performed after rotating the maxillomandibular complex into the desired position. Once this is rotated in the desired position and the contiles are placed properly, you perform a maxillomandibular fixation. This is followed by stabilization of the repositioned maxilla using bone plates. Usually 1.5 mm bone plates are used to stabilize the maxilla. These are placed mainly at the pyriform rim and zygomaxillary, zygomaticomaxillary crystal regions. Thus, four plates are used to stabilize maxilla. Following this, the incision is closed in layers. Now, what are the complications of Lefort 1 osteotomy? There might be wound infection, bone sequestrum formation, any sort of neurologic deficit. There could be widening of allerbis and emphysema. These are very rare complications that happen. But the most common and significant complication related to Lefort 1 osteotomy is hemorrhage. Hemorrhage is the most common and significant complication of Lefort 1 osteotomy. The vessel at maximum risk for hemorrhage is a dissenting palatine artery. Usually a bleeding from the source can be visualized and can be controlled with local measures. This is about Lefort 1 osteotomy. Thank you. Hello everyone. Today's topic is anterior maxillary osteotomy. In the previous lecture, we have seen various indications of Lefort 1 osteotomy. And the use of Lefort 1 osteotomy is so wide that it has limited the indications of anterior maxillary osteotomy. Let's see where all is the anterior maxillary osteotomy indicated. Mainly, as its name suggests, this technique is performed in the anterior maxilla or the premaxilla. This technique can be used to resolve any isolated anterior open bite or bimaxillary protrusion in the anterior maxilla. Any excess in the vertical or anterior posterior dimensions can be corrected, provided the posterior occlusion is acceptable. This is a good option to perform to correct any marked protrusion of maxillary teeth. Those patients are not cooperative towards orthodontic treatment. And when orthodontic tooth movement is inadvisable, because of pre-existent pathological resorption or ankylosis, anterior maxillary osteotomy is a good option to consider. Now, similar to the Lefort 1 osteotomy, the segmentalized anterior maxilla will survive opponent's blood supply through a soft tissue pedicle. There are various studies that indicate that any variation in the flat design doesn't affect the postoperative blood supply to the anterior maxillary segment. Therefore, many different surgical incisions have been described for access during anterior maxillary osteotomy. And the blood supply to the maxillary segment can be maintained by a labial buckle or palatal pedicles individually or in a combination. So with this in mind, the three common AMO techniques generally considered are the wound wear technique, vestment technique and trooper techniques. Each of the techniques will be explained in detail. Let's move on to it. Before discussing each technique in detail, let's have a general understanding of how the anterior maxillary osteotomy is performed. Anterior maxilla can be mobilized with two vertical buckle osteotomies, one horizontal osteotomy and a transpiratory osteotomy. One vertical buckle osteotomy is performed on each side of the maxilla through the extraction socket of the first premolar. This is the vertical osteotomy. This is followed by a horizontal osteotomy which is nothing but a medial extension of the vertical osteotomy towards the piriform fossa on either side. The third osteotomy is a transpalatal osteotomy. That means osteotomy across the palate at the first premolar region. These are the three basic osteotomies performed in AMO. Coming to the first technique of AMO which is the viewing door method. In viewing door method, the buckle pedicle is preserved or the maxilla, the segmentalized anterior maxilla is preserved with a buckle pedicle. It is maintained with the buckle pedicle. This is very important to remember. How is this technique performed? This is usually performed under general anesthesia. Once the patient is prepared and positioned, local anesthetic solution is injected into the upper buckle vestibule. Three incisions are used in this particular technique. There are two vertical incisions and one transpiratory incision. The two vertical incisions are carried out just distilled to the first premolar. That is here. This is where the vertical incision is given on either side. So what you have to keep in mind while placing an incision is that the incision should be placed at such a point that it lies on healthy bone once the incision is closed. After the wound is closed, the suture line should be over a healthy bone, not at the osteotomy side. So keep that in mind while placing an incision. Once the incisions are given, extraction of the first premolar is carried out on both the sides. Following this, you give your first vertical osteotomy cut and you remove the desired amount of bone required for the setback of anterior maxillary segment. On either side you remove the desired amount of bone after performing a vertical osteotomy. The vertical osteotomy has a medial extension that forms the horizontal osteotomy towards the piriform region. This is a horizontal osteotomy performed through subperiosteal tunneling. Through both the vertical incisions you perform the horizontal osteotomy beneath the periosteum. If you don't give a separate incision or an opening in the anterior maxilla, you perform a subperiosteal tunneling osteotomy towards the piriform region. This is followed by a transpalatal osteotomy across the palate at the first premolar site. In this diagram, what is marked in white is the palatal osteotomy. So once all the three osteotomies are performed, you need to separate the nasal septum from the maxillary segment. This is performed with a superior fracture of the anterior maxillary segment. You gently out fracture the anterior maxilla and separate it from the nasal septum. So this is the basic procedure carried out for a view under a technique of AMO. Let's see it once again. There are three incisions in total, two vertical and one palatal incision. This is followed by buckled vertical osteotomy through the extraction site of the first premolar. This is extended horizontally towards the piriform aperture followed by a transpalatal osteotomy. Once all the three osteotomies are performed, premaxilla is fractured using finger pressure in a superior direction. After the fracture of premaxilla, the nasal aspect of the palate or the fractured premaxilla can be trimmed using a bone launcher. Remove any bone proportions or irregularities and do a good filing, which will facilitate a very efficient setback. Once this step is over, you perform an intermaxillary fixation and stabilize the anterior segment using bone plates at the piriform region. This is how a view under a AMO is performed and the most important thing to be remembered is that the anterior maxillary segment is preserved with a buckled pedicle. So this is about view under a method. The second anterior maxillary osteotomy technique is the Wassman, which preserves both the buckle and palatal soft tissue pedicles. Unlike the view under a method where only the buckled pedicle is preserved. It is however more difficult to gain access to the palatal aspect of the anterior maxilla with this kind of incision. There are three incisions. All the three are vertical incisions placed on the buckle aspect. Two vertical incisions are made at the extraction site of the first premolar or at the intended osteotomy sites. The third midline incision is given to gain access towards the anterior nasal spine. Through this anterior incision, it is possible to elevate and protect the nasal flow and to separate the nasal septum from the maxillary crest. So there are three vertical incisions placed. After the incisions are given, the buckle vertical osteotomy is performed at the extraction site of first premolars on either side similar to that of view under a technique. Vertical osteotomies are performed and the buckle horizontal osteotomy is created by tunneling through the anterior and posterior buckle incisions. As already explained in the view under a technique, there is a horizontal osteotomy which is nothing but a medial extension of the vertical osteotomy. This is performed subperiostally between the anterior and posterior incisions. Following horizontal osteotomy, the transpalytal osteotomy is created. You know there is no transpalytal incision. So how is the transpalytal osteotomy performed? It is performed through the buckle vertical osteotomy on either side. It is created through the buckle vertical osteotomy on either side by maintaining a digital palpation of the palatal mucosa. While performing the palatal osteotomy, place your index finger at the palatal mucosa just to ensure that the palatal tissues are not traumatized during the procedure. There is no direct access to the palatal bone, hence keep a palpating finger at the palatal mucosa just to ensure its safety. Now the transpalytal osteotomy may be also facilitated by use of a mid-palatal sagittal incision. As seen in this diagram, if you facilitate the procedure, you may place a vertical incision. Just to gain direct access to the thick bone of the mid-palate. These are the three osteotomies performed. Two vertical osteotomies, one buckle horizontal osteotomy through subperiostal tunneling a palatal osteotomy as an extension of the buckle vertical osteotomy. Taking care not to damage the palatal tissues. Once the osteotomies are performed, the anterior maxillary dentosary segment can be repositioned. Similar to the Jungler technique explained, once the osteotomies are completed, the pre-maxilla is fractured, placed in inter-maxillary fixation and then stabilized using bone plates. So this is regarding Wassmann method of anterior maxillary osteotomy. Moving on, the third anterior maxillary osteotomy technique is the Kuiper technique which is a minor version of total maxillary osteotomy down fracture. In this technique, the palatal pedicle is kept intact which ensures re-vascularization of the segmentalized anterior maxilla. A buckle vertical incision is created 4 to 5 mm above the muco-gingival junction extending from the zygomatico-maxillary butt-wiss on one side to the other. A full-thickness muco-periostal flap is raised exposing the anterior lateral maxillary walls, the piriform aperture, the nasal floor and the nasal septum. In this technique, the sequence of osteotomies is operated dependent but the general procedure involves completion of the vertical, buckle and horizontal osteotomies under direct visualization. Prior to performing an osteotomy, the nasal mucosa is elevated from the superior surface of maxilla. It is easier to complete the osteotomies if the nasal septum is first released from the maxillary crest. The horizontal osteotomy is then completed. It extends from first premolar on one side to the other. The buckle horizontal osteotomy extends from one premolar to the other and this is followed by down fracture of the anterior maxilla using digital pressure inferiorly. This is similar to the Lefort 1 osteotomy technique. Once the down fracture is performed, you carry out the vertical osteotomy bilaterally. This is done through the extraction socket of first premolar on both sides. Next, you perform the transpalatal osteotomy. So, before placing an osteotomy cut on the palate, similar to the Wassman technique, a finger is placed on the palatal mucosa to palpate the osteotom to prevent any tissue damage as the osteotom is advanced. The transpalatal osteotomy is then completed under direct visualization from above. That is, from here you have a direct access to the palate and under direct visualization, the transpalatal osteotomy is carried out. This also allows good access to the nasal crest of maxilla and the mid-palatal bone for OSHA's reconquering. As it was done in Lefort osteotomy for superior repositioning of maxilla, OSHA's reconquering in this area is required. Once OSHA's reconquering is done, the maxilla is repositioned and placed in IMF. Following IMF, stabilization of the repositioned maxilla may be completed with bone plates or wires. This is the technique of antihill maxillary osteotomy cupor method. What is the advantage of cupor method over the other two techniques? There is direct access to nasal structures. Because we are performing a down fracture here, you have direct access to the nasal structures as well as direct visualization of the palate to carry out the transpalatal osteotomy. Also the predicle we preserve is the palatal one which supplies vasculature to the segmentalized maxilla. The fixation also is easier in this technique. So this is regarding anterior maxillary osteotomy. Thank you. Hello everyone. Today let's discuss about bilateral sagittal split osteotomy or BSSO. Also known as bilateral split ramus osteotomy or simply sagittal split osteotomy. Sagittal split is a versatile technique which enables movement of mandible in the anterior posterior direction. Let's see how this highly flexible technique has evolved over time. Though the technique was first described by Schuchat in 1942, it was popularized by Obvigizer in the year 1955. Dalpone has given a major modification to the procedure by extending the oblique cut to the second molar region. Hansen modified the medial cut by extending it just behind the mandibular flamin. Epker later extended the vertical cut up till the inferior border of mandible. So this is how the technique of sagittal split has evolved over time. What are the indications of sagittal split? This technique can be used to treat both the retrognathism and prognathism of mandible. Horizontal mandibular axis, horizontal mandibular deficiency and mandibular asymmetry are few indications of sagittal split. If the mandibular advancement is to exceed 10 to 12 mm, then an extraoral approach has to be considered. Whereas if the mandibular setback exceeds 7 to 8 mm, then intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy or an inverted L osteotomy is considered, not a sagittal split. Before moving on to the technique, let's have a quick look at the anatomy relevant to sagittal split osteotomy. This is a medial view of mandible where you can see the mandibular flamin. It is through this mandibular flamin that the inferior alveolar nerve enters into the inferior alveolar nerve canal. At the opening of the flamin, there is a tongue-like bony projection known as lingula. The first medial osteotomy cut is performed just superior to the lingula extending just behind the flamin. In this lateral view of mandible, you can see the ascending ramus and the external oblique ridge. The second osteotomy cut of sagittal split is performed through this external oblique ridge extending up to the second molar or the first molar. The third vertical osteotomy cut connects the oblique cut to the inferior border of mandible. So for a better understanding of the procedure, keep this picture in your mind. Let's now move on to the technique of sagittal split. The procedure is usually done under general anesthesia with a patient in supine position. Local anesthetic solution is infiltrated into the buccal vestibule along the ramus on both the sides. The landmarks those need to be kept in mind are the anterior border of ramus, the external oblique ridge, lingula and mandibular flamin. Coming to the incision. The incision begins at the middle of anterior ramus. This is the ascending ramus and this is approximately the mid ramus. From the middle of the ramus, the incision is extended inferiorly along the external oblique ridge towards the first molar and it then curves down to the buccal vestibule. So this is the path followed by incision. Initially, only the mucosa is incised. You need to retract the tissues buckly before deepening the incision to prevent any infiltration of the buccal pad of fat into the surgical site. So this is to be remembered that the tissues on the buccal side has to be retracted before deepening the incision. The incision is then cut through the submucosa, muscle and periosteum. So once the incision is completed, periosteum is elevated using a periosteum elevator. The tissues on all the three sides has to be retracted. Superiorly, the tissues are retracted to expose till the tip of the coronoid. The tip has to be visible after retraction. Then retract laterally till the inferior border of the mandible. On the lateral side, you reflect the tissues till you see the inferior border of mandible. And on the medial side, expose the internal oblique ridge and up till the superior and posterior portion of the lingula. On the medial side, you need to expose the internal oblique ridge and the superior portion as well as posterior region of lingula. Also, you need to relieve the temporalis fibres from the medial side of coronoid. As you know, the fibres of temporalis muscle gets attached to the tip of the coronoid. Therefore, it is necessary to relieve the fibres from here. So, once the soft tissue dissection is over, you proceed with the bone osteotomies. Before we describe each osteotomy in detail, let's have a look at what are the different osteotomies used in sagittal split. There are three osteotomy cuts used in a sagittal split. The first one is a medial horizontal cut. The medial horizontal osteotomy is performed on the medial aspect of the mandible. Then, the second cut is a oblique one. It is an oblique one and it is an intermediate one. So, it extends from the medial cut down towards the external oblique ridge towards the molar region. This is the intermediate oblique osteotomy. The third osteotomy is a vertical buckle cortical osteotomy which is performed from the lower border of the mandible and it connects to the oblique cut. So, there are three osteotomies basically. A medial horizontal osteotomy, an intermediate oblique osteotomy and a vertical buckle cortical osteotomy. Now, let's see each of these osteotomies in detail. Medial horizontal osteotomy is performed first using a reciprocating saw or a burr which is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees to the bone surface. The bone cut should extend superior to and posterior to the lingula. That is about two-third the anterior posterior dimension of the ramus. It should be kept in mind that the bone cut should extend into the medullary bone and not just remain within the cortical bone. Also, the cut should be made in such a way that it is parallel to the occlusion plane. The intermediate oblique osteotomy is an extension of the medial horizontal cut. This osteotomy is taken downward through the external oblique ridge towards the second molar region. This intermediate oblique osteotomy should be parallel to the lateral contour of the mandible. Remember that this bone cut should be parallel to the lateral surface of the mandible. The oblique osteotomy can also be extended towards first molar region just for better accessibility. Prior to performing the vertical buccal cortical osteotomy, protect the soft tissues at the lateral and inferior border of the mandible using a channel reactor. The vertical osteotomy should involve the lower border of the mandible. The vertical cut starts from the inferior border of the mandible. It goes up straight perpendicular to the occlusion plane. It goes for about two centimeters before joining the oblique cut. Hence, all the three osteotomies are completed. The first osteotomy cut is the medial horizontal osteotomy. The second one is the intermediate oblique. And the third one is the vertical buccal cortical osteotomy. Once you have performed all the three osteotomies, it is now time to complete the societal split. A small spatula osteotome is used to mallet from the medial to the vertical cut. That means the osteotome is used beginning from the medial horizontal cut along the oblique intermediate osteotomy and then finally to the vertical cut. Make sure that the osteotome is directed towards the lateral side of the mandible and not towards the medial side. Also be careful not to damage the neurovascular bundle. Once the osteotome is used to mallet from the medial cut to the vertical, then use a smith spreader to complete the societal split in a prying motion. The smith spreader is used in a prying motion to complete the societal split. Any incomplete prying or any incomplete split can lead to adverse fracture. So keep in mind that the prying should be complete and the split also should be complete. It is important to visualize the neurovascular bundle throughout the procedure while performing a societal split. Visualize the neurovascular bundle and always maintain it in the medial or the proximal segment. What is the medial segment? The segment that contains the condylar head is known as the medial segment and the segment that bears the teeth is the distal segment. So keep in mind the one that bears the condyle is the proximal segment and the one bearing the teeth are the distal segment. In case the nerve bundle is embedded within the bone, in the proximal segment if it is embedded within the bone it is important to relieve it from between the bone irregularities. Otherwise this can lead to a nerve injury or temporary nerve damage later on. In case of advancement, in case you are advancing the mandible, separate the medial teregoid muscle from the inferior border of the distal segment. As you know the medial teregoid gets attached to the middle aspect of the mandible. So if you are advancing the mandible, make sure that the medial teregoid attachment is relieved from the distal segment because we don't want any stretching of the muscle as you advance the mandible forward.  So here make sure the stripping is minimal. If the stripping is excessive, there are chances that the segment will not survive and there will be necromancy. After the split is complete and the neurovascular bundle is preserved, the mandible is then advanced or setback as required. It is a distal segment that is advanced forward or which is setback. In a setback, the desired amount of cortical bone is removed from the distal segment. That means the desired amount of cortical bone is removed from here, this aspect of the distal segment. Why is it done? So that it doesn't override with the proximal segment. When you take the distal segment behind, it should not override with the proximal segment. For that reason, a small amount or the desired amount of cortical bone is removed. And it is also done so that both the segments, both the proximal and the distal segments, maintain a cancerous bone contact. When a small portion of cortical bone is removed, then it is the cancerous bone which comes in contact and this will enhance healing. So this is how the mandible is brought forward or behind, following a sagittal split. Once the mandible is repositioned, occlusion needs to be checked and confirmed. Then the maxilla mandibular complex is placed in an IMF. And like in any other osteotomy in sagittal split also, the bony segments are fixed using either a rigid internal fixation, bone plates, a large bone plate in case of advancements or lag screws or wiring. If bone wiring is used, then IMF needs to be maintained for another 5 to 6 weeks. This is how the distal and the proximal segments are stabilized and fixed. Postoperative complications like edema, diminished sensation of lips and limited jaw movements are often experienced by the patients. Few other complications include a wrong split. When a third molar is removed during the time of surgery, there are chances that the sagittal split can turn into an unfavorable fracture. So it is advised to have the third molar removed at least 6 months prior to the surgery. Also, neurosensory deficit has been observed among patients who have undergone a bisagittal split. So if a nerve is cut or transplanted during the surgery, it is advised to perform a microanastomosis. Also, care has to be taken while plating both the distal and proximal segments because an improper plating can either push or pull the condyle into an untoward position and this can lead to TMG problems and relapse later on. Another complication is excessive bleeding. It can be from inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle or medullary bed or even from facial vessels. So if the bleeding is from an inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle or if it is a bone bleed, it can be controlled using local hemostatic measures. If the bleed is from facial vessels, then the vessels have to be clamped and tied, and it can be done only through an incision performed extra overly. So these are the complications with sagittal split osteotomy and this is all about bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. Thank you. Hello everyone. Today, let's discuss about geneoplasty on how it's done and what are its various types. This is one of a prominent facial features and the society tends to describe one's personality characteristics based on the chin features. Geneoplasty is a surgical procedure which is used to re-contour or reposition the chin. Like any other ortho-natic or osteotomy procedures, geneoplasty has also undergone evolution in its technique over the time. In 1942, who introduced horizontal osteotomy in the same crisis region through an extraoral incision. Later in 1957, Prawner and Obfegacer performed horizontal osteotomy following de-gloving of the anterior mandible using an intraoral incision. As you can see in this figure, the osteotomized segment of the chin of the anterior mandible can be repositioned in all three planes of space, that is the vertical, anterior posterior and transverse planes. Let's now move on to the surgical procedure. Geneoplasty is usually performed under general anesthesia. Once the patient is positioned, local anesthetic solution is infiltrated into the lower labial vestibule. Incision is then placed on the lower labial mucosa approximately halfway between the depth of the vestibule and the wet dry line of the lip. The incision extends to premolar region on both the sides. Once the mucosa incision is completed, the mentalist muscle is then divided and the incision is deepened till the periosteum. Periosteum is incised and a full thickness flap is raised to expose the inferior border of the mandible. So first you perform an incision on the labial mucosa, then the mentalist muscle is divided and the incision deepened to cut the periosteum. After periosteum is incised, a subperiosteum dissection is carried out to expose the inferior border of the mandible. After you have raised the flap, mental nerve is visualised on both the sides and is preserved throughout the procedure. Therefore from the anterior mandible you strip off all the soft tissues, that is the mucosa, the submucosal layer, the muscles and the periosteum. So this is like removing gloves from your hands and hence this is called de-loving of the anterior mandible. The next step is the osteotomy which is performed using a reciprocating saw or an oscillating saw. Prior to performing the osteotomy, it is always preferable to inscribe the proposed line of osteotomy using a thin burr. This is the proposed line of osteotomy. The osteotomy cut is made at least 4.5 mm below the apices of the anterior teeth. Approximately here you have the anterior teeth roots. At least 4.5 mm below the apices you make the osteotomy cut. And this osteotomy is at least 10 to 15 mm above the inferior border. The distance from the osteotomy cut to the inferior border should at least be 10 to 15 mm. Also the posterior ends of the osteotomy. The posterior ends means these two ends. Should be positioned below and behind the mental phramon on both the sides. On either side the posterior end of the osteotomy should be below and behind the mental phramon. And make sure the cut is symmetric through the buckle and lingual cortices throughout. There shouldn't be any incomplete osteotomy. The cut should be symmetric and complete through both the cortices. Now the osteotomy is complete and next the segmented portion needs to be freed from the rest of the mandible. This is the segmented inferior portion which needs to be freed from the rest of the mandible. But here remember to keep the segment particular to the digastric and genome hyoid muscles. How are the digastric and genome hyoid muscles related to anterior mandible? The anterior belly of the digastric muscle originates from the digastric forza at the inferior border of anterior mandible. And genome hyoid muscle originates from the inferior geniotubical which is present on the medial aspect of the anterior mandible. Why should you keep the segment predical? If you make the segment a free graft that means if this segment doesn't have any muscle predical attachment or a periosteal attachment it becomes a free graft and there will be intense inflammatory reaction and avascular necrosis. So for this reason make sure the inferior segment is predical. Now that the osteotomy is complete let's see how all can the osteotomized segment be repositioned. This is an example of augmentation geneoplasty wherein the cut segment the cut inferior segment is moved anteriorly and fixed using wires or semi-reject plates. So in this case the chin is advanced. You may also perform a retro positioning of the chin. You can push the chin behind. An important factor to consider here is the good adaptation of the soft tissue following chin repositioning. But in the reduction of chin the soft tissue adaptation following the posterior repositioning is not 100% age. For this reason a concavity may be carved into the anterior mandible. That is you contour the anterior portion of the mandible so that the soft tissue of the chin can maintain their natural contour. Moving on for major advancement of the chin you can perform a stepwise augmentation. That is the osteotomized inferior segment is again cut and sliced more than once. So there are more than one horizontal segment and both the segments can be moved forward. But this is now a less commonly used technique due to the advent of rigid internal fixation. However far the inferior segment is moved it can now be fixed. Therefore this augmentation is not commonly used these days. Genioplasty can also be performed to correct facial asymmetry. For example if the chin midline doesn't coincide with the facial midline you perform a modified osteotomy and a bone graft is removed for example from the left side. You then move the osteotomized segment towards the left and fit this bone graft back into the right side. This is an osteotomy plan for mild facial asymmetry pertaining to the chin. This is an example of an extended genioplasty which is used in case of major facial asymmetries. Here again you follow a degloving incision to expose the mental nerve and the body of the mandible. Osteotomy is extended to the antagonial angle that is anterior to the mandibular angle. You extend the osteotomy. This is followed by laterally sliding the lower border of mandible thus correcting the facial asymmetry. You move the segmentalized inferior border towards the side of deficiency thus correcting the asymmetry. This procedure is advocated in patients undergoing correction of facial asymmetry due to hemifacial microsomia or unilateral ankylosis of temporal mandibular joint. We have now had a look at the various applications and techniques of genioplasty. Following osteotomy the occlusion is checked and confirmed using occlusion splint. The segmentalized inferior border may be stabilized and fixed using figure of 8 wiring or bone plate. Few of the complications associated with genioplasty are edema, sensory loss due to damage to mental nerve, wound essence, avascular necrosis of segments and chintosis due to mishandling of mentalis muscle. That's all about genioplasty. Thank you. Hello and welcome back to OMFS lecture series. The topic for today's lecture is mandibular sub-apical osteotomy. Mandibular sub-apical osteotomy is performed to reposition the dental alveolar segment and is done in the anterior posterior of the entire dental alveolar segment of the mandible. Coming to anterior sub-apical osteotomy. First described in 1849, anterior sub-apical osteotomy was mainly indicated to correct the proclined lower anterior dental alveolar segment. Other indications include closure of minimal anterior open bite and advancement of anterior teeth. It is also indicated in bimaxillary protrusion in combination with anterior maxillary osteotomy. Let's now see how the surgery is performed. Local anesthetic solution is infiltrated into lower labial vestibule. A sulcus incision is placed and a full thickness mucoperiostial flap is raised to expose the inferior border of anterior mandible and mental ferraments on either sides. As being already explained in the lecture on genioplasty it is important to preserve the muscle attachment at the inferior border of anterior mandible. Next, a subperiostial tunneling is done on the lingual side. This is in order to facilitate the dental alveolar segment. Once it is sectioned in case of dental alveolar segment set back extraction of first premolar is done on either sides. If the intended plan is to reposition the dental alveolar segments superiorly. If this segment is to go up then there is a gap that is left at the osteotomy side. This gap is later filled using bone grafts. As you can see in these photographs this is the osteotomy performed following which the dental alveolar segment can be repositioned as required. Once the osteotomy is complete and the segment repositioned it is then stabilized and fixed using bone plates or lag screws or even wires. This is a photograph showing the sub-opical osteotomy being performed along with genioplasty. Here, sub-opical osteotomy is performed in combination with genioplasty. Let's now move on to sub-opical osteotomy of mandible. It was first described by McIntosh in the year 1942 and used to reposition the entire dental alveolar segment. Make sure at least 10 mm of bone to be present below the epizes of teeth before performing the osteotomy cut. Like in any other mandibular ortho-netic surgical procedures here also the basic principle is to reflect the buccal mucoperiosteum down to the inferior border and taking care not to injure the mental nerve. Later, the lingual periosteum is also elevated without any damage. The first step here is to remove the buccal cortical plate just behind the mental ferramen.  Why is it done? This procedure is done to release the neurovascular bundle from within the bony enclosure. You have the inferior alveolar nerve bundle passing through the canal within the body of mandible. So in order to release the nerve bundle from within the bony enclosure using a fissure bur a window is created on the outer cortical plate. And then the cancerous bone around the nerve bundle is removed and the nerve is released using a nerve hook. So in this way you expose and preserve the inferior alveolar nerve bundle. What is the next step? Osteotomy is started here. That is just behind the most posterior tooth present. If it's the second molar you create a osteotomy cut just posterior to it using a reciprocating saw or an oscillating saw. The osteotomy cut is continued through the window towards the midline. From here the cut follows through the window towards the midline. All this while the nerve is still preserved. As you can see in this diagram this is the osteotomy cut and you have kept the nerve at a safe position using a nerve hook. The same procedure is repeated on the other side as well. So a 4 mm of bone should be still left below the teeth apises. That means this distance from the teeth apises till the osteotomy the distance should be at least 4 to 5 mm. And the distance from the osteotomy cut till the inferior border should be at least 10 mm. Once the osteotomy is completed the dental alveolar segment is then mobilized and repositioned. Like you can see in this diagram. The neurovascular bundle is also repositioned and secured using pieces of bones. So this is how a total sub-apical osteotomy of mandible is performed. Repositioned dental alveolar segment is then stabilized and rigid internal fixation is performed. Postoperative sequelae includes edema and sensory disturbances which will subside in about 2 weeks time. The importance of good blood supply through the lingual pedicle is of at most important for the segment to survive. So this is regarding total sub-apical osteotomy of mandible. Thank you.


So I know I'm slacking you guys, I didn't put a video yesterday or on Sunday and it's just because I've been really busy but I have a video for you today and it's actually a really good video and so it's talking about the I think top 10 really they have top 20 fastest growing professions in the U.S. and I saw really daunting statistics so I want to share it with you so that's what we're going to be talking about in today's video.  Sadona welcome back to my channel. Okay so again I saw this and it popped up on kind of like my little yahoo stream I guess you could say that comes up on my phone twice so I know like maybe because I clicked it and then it came up again they were like all right you know you got to see this and so I wanted to share this with you guys I'm gonna share my screen with you all as well because you know yeah it's it's it's something that you need to see and this is not like any type of click baity thing I know you see the the title of this video and you know my thumbnail and this is not about getting clicks this is like legit something that you need to consider if you are trying to become a PA okay and so it says the top 20 fastest growing jobs let me put this down from my screen so that you guys can see this so it talks about the job market shifting and then it gives you this like nice little graph I guess you can say alright so a little image that you can look at and it shows you the occupation on the left and then the percentage of employee change over the next 10 years and then the numeric like the employment change over the next 20 to 30 20 20 20 30 which is the next 10 years and then the average rate wage that they'll see so wind turbine is like number one with a 68% growth in the job market it only will have 4700 jobs available which like is really not that much okay they're made their median annual wage is 56 so it shows NPs is next so you know you guys you know I love the PA profession alright but let me tell you like this statistic that it has that NPs are growing at a rate of 52.2% over the next 10 years and that there is a hundred and 14,000 jobs available for them over the next 10 years that's like that's actually pretty good okay especially with your median wage of being over a hundred thousand solar is next so again you know clean and renewable energy is like a big thing it's it's what like all of the politicians are talking about that's why you know go electric use my Tesla code if you think about getting a Tesla use my code but this is just you know showing that again clean and renewable energy so you have like physical therapy assistance and then I just want to kind of bring you down to physician assistance so I think their number let's let's see what number we are two three four five six seven eight nine ten so we are the 10th fastest growing profession over the next 10 years but we're only growing at a rate of 31% which again is still pretty pretty decent but look at our numeric employment it says 40,000 now this is what I wanted to talk to you guys about because I know like I've heard so many people are like oh my gosh the PA profession is so saturated it's over saturated and blah blah blah blah blah and I'm like no what are you talking about like I was able to get a job I know that there are people able to get jobs pretty you know fairly easily it's not over saturated because where you know the profession is being more well-known and you know there are more and more jobs popping up but this statistic shows that it is it shows Armenian average is 115 which is cool but like if you think about it there are over 300 PA programs okay and with that being said it it goes to boast right on I'm gonna go a low average for you guys okay so there are about let's say 40 40 students in each incoming PA program okay over 300 so alright you know there that's there's there's a good amount right so we're gonna we're gonna just kind of do some math here right so you're you have 12,000 potential graduates each year and now in terms of how many graduate maybe not all 12,000 is graduating maybe not all 12,000 is passing their boards that first year so like let's just let's let's bring it down to 9,000 9,000 possible people that are looking for a job now if you look at this statistic where the statistic says that there are 40,000 jobs available over the next 10 years and if we just break that down to about 4,000 jobs a year to be spread out over 9,000 potential job seekers that's that's a tough statistic and that's a really tough pillar swallow and so obviously there are like some more things to talk about and you know we can talk about it on this channel you can always come back subscribe like leave a comment we're gonna talk about some of these things but honestly like really and truly it's pretty it's something that you have to you have to think about I had people in my life that did not get a job for a whole year after graduating and granted we had a pandemic that we had to deal with but at the same time this statistic kind of lends to that the fact that you know what there are 4,000 jobs really and truly that are gonna be kind of brought out and then there are 9,000 people fighting for it with respect to like NP field and you guys know I am all about like PAs I love my profession I love my job as a trauma PA I do get to see a lot I love the lateral mobility and all that stuff but when you're going up against these odds these are the type of things that you need to think about because yeah you once you get in like it's good because yeah lateral mobility is cool you can move from here to here it's easy to find a job once you already have a job but if you're a new grad coming in and you're going up against you know 8,999 other people looking for 4,000 jobs and that's something that you want to keep in mind okay so is the profession saturated or will it be saturated over the next 10 years you know seemingly so what do we have to do to make that not happen and I think that channels like mine and some other people that are on YouTube and you know our Instagram accounts and just more awareness in general is one way of getting more jobs out there I think we need to have more physician allies and I think that you know our governing body needs to do a lot for us in terms of advocacy so that you know all of these schools that are popping up and the students that are getting accepted into these programs and subsequently graduating from these programs actually have a bright future and a bright job outlook okay all right so hopefully that made up for me missing the other two days you guys come back again on Sunday I will have a video for you on Sunday and Tuesday and I can't wait to do this thing that I've been trying to do so I'll be streaming on Tuesday so please show up for that because we're gonna be looking at some things that I think you'll be very interested in all right if you guys haven't already done so go ahead and like this video subscribe to my channel and follow me on Instagram at addon the PA and on Instagram at get that see University thank you guys so much for watching please leave your comment comment section below I'll talk to you guys next time


Okay, welcome everyone. We're going to basically run through a few logistics, through a schedule, a few other things and then we're going to do a few project updates and then we're going to get started with the main schedule. So this is the observability specific landscape as it looks today for CNCF projects and you'll probably find quite a few names on there and you'll also, if you have been around for longer, you'll probably remember that we had things like Open Telemetry Day and Fluent Con and Prometheus Day back to 2016 always attached to Cloud Native Con, to Cube Con and the history of observability is basically to merge all of this for all those different projects and outside of CNCF of course as long as it's open source, into one thing to have a more distilled experience for observability practitioners, of course the thing is else you can't really, you can't really, it's super loud up front when people talk so please. So yeah, going through the history, or do you want to talk more, no it's fine. For the CFP, for next one, for Paris, if you've never been to Paris or if you want to go to Paris again or maybe even live in Paris, this is where they can go for the CFP. It closes relatively soon, you basically have one month because it's a super early one because basically we didn't get a large enough venue in Europe on such short notice after Amsterdam. So how can you make the most out of today? Well, A, talk to people, ideally not during the actual talks but outside of the text during the breaks, feel more than welcome to just say hi to people. Most people here tend to be nice and if they don't want to talk they'll let you know but work on the assumption that it's okay to just talk to people and just approach people. You'll recognize them anyways, of course they're standing up front, talk to them. And even if it's after the talk and even if it's like half a day after, whatever, talk to them and get more and just ask questions which you couldn't ask during the Q&A portion. Speaking of Q&A, there's the mic, I don't think we have this on the slides. And yeah, remember no one is perfect, that includes the speakers. And for the speakers, you can get lapel mix back there or we have several handheld mics if you prefer those. Thank you, good morning everybody. My name is Eduardo Silva, as Richie was saying. This event is just to do a lot of networking between us, approach the speakers, try to meet other people. Even if you are new in this space of observability and I would say that maybe everybody's new including us. So, but this is a very community driven event. The schedule, you will find it in the CNCF website in the events part where KubeCon is. We have some two main blocks from sessions in the morning. They are full-time sessions like 25 minutes plus lining talks. And we have some breaks in the middle to just get some coffee and grab some food. So the invitation is just to stay the whole day here in the event. I'm sure that you're going to take the most of it if you stay here. Part of the content that you will see, we got, I don't know, a couple of hundred of applications for people who wanted to present this conference. But sadly, we don't have enough time to put everybody in. And sometimes we have to take tough decisions and try to find the balance between different sessions around logs, meters and traces and also to focus on end users' stories. So remember that the golden rule here is about respect, kindness. We are under a cut of conduct. So often in any ways you don't feel comfortable or something happens. Please approach to the CNCF staff that will be open to help. And you can access from your personal device by using your mobile, you can get all the information about translations in case or my accent, it doesn't help that much today. All right. Hello everyone, Austin Parker, Co-Chair of Observability Day and Open Telemetry Maintainer. Also a cool note for speakers. There's a clock up here that we will move so you can see it from the podium. After you are done speaking and done listening to great talks, we will have refreshment snacks lunch outside in the foyer. And then you probably almost certainly walk past like the lunch area as you walked in, it's back down that way. There will be a reception tonight from 5.37 in the foyer for everyone that came to the co-located events. Remember, you do have access to all other co-located events. So if you want to check out a talk somewhere else, why would you? But you have that option. Talk about us. So on social media, please use the hashtag Oli Day. If you are on the CNCF Slack, tag observability, you can start some threads, have more discussions about the things you've learned there. Speakers, if you're not in that channel, I'd recommend you join it. If you are speaking, please go back, check in at the AB table five minutes before your presentation starts. And also there are stickers and swag back in the very back of the room, both sides, including limited edition open telemetry stickers, Chicago themed. During lunch, we will have talk table set up. So there will be a section for observability day. It'll have a little sign next to it that says observability day. So go there if you want to talk to people over lunch about what has been going on. And thank you to everyone that was on the program committee. Names are up on the screen. Need to hurry through this. But yes, it was very hard to choose these talks. There were a lot of great talks that were submitted. We could only accept less than 10% of what came in. So yes, thank you for all your hard work.  I believe a lot of them have booths out there. So during the breaks, go feel free to check those out.


Note, the following is archival information for reference only. There are currently no containment protocols in place for SCP-8900-EX. Item number SCP-8900-EX Object Class Keter Special Containment Procedures SCP-8900 has been designated Keter due to extreme difficulty in containment. Indeed, it does not appear containable at this time. Symptoms and objects affected by SCP-8900 are to be quarantined and destroyed via flash incineration immediately. Flames resulting from this process are to be extinguished by vacuum and complete darkness as a pressed spread of infection. Under no circumstances are Foundation personnel to come into contact with persons or objects affected by SCP-8900. Addendum 8900-1 It has been discovered that total darkness is effective in suppressing the spread of symptoms of SCP-8900 in living subjects. Agents Harker and Miriam have been detained and are being kept for study. Description SCP-8900 is a complex perceptual phenomenon affecting the visible spectrum which seems to be spread by contact. It can be photographed using certain newly developed techniques, however the process of photographing the anomaly seems to result in faster spread of its effect and is considered inadvisable. SCP-8900 is currently uncontained and theoretically uncontainable. It first began to appear in the mid-delay 1800s as a side effect of certain photography techniques, but was restrained only to the photographic plates themselves and did not spread. Of note is that the appearance of SCP-8900 manifestations beneath photographs seems to ██████ element of photographic technology. SCP-8900, as we know it today, seems to have developed in or around 1935, possibly as a result of the ██████ corporation's experiments with integral tri-pac ██████ technology. Addendum 8900-2 From the Desk of 058 Gentlemen, we have failed. SCP-8900's effects have become so widespread as to be commonplace. The natural blue of the sky has been replaced with a gross and unnatural shade, and the grain of trees have been equally corrupted. SCP-8900 brought ruin down upon the entire visible spectrum, and we have been overrun. Our attempt at creating an opposing infection has also failed. Although we were successful at restoring the natural colorization of our test subjects, the process seems to render to a mute, and now a runner has arrived in my office to tell me that our little experiment has breached containment. Future agents may have to deal with it as an SCP object in its own right. We are left with only one option, gentlemen. I am activating the Foundation's final fail-safe method, the ONWI protocol. By the time this message reaches those of you clear to receive it, Foundation resources on a global scale will have released vast amounts of compound ONWI-5, our most subtle amnesiac. Worldwide, men and women who do not deserve the horror wreaked upon them will pause, confused, and resume their business, confident this is the way it's always been, never knowing what they have lost. Only the photographs not affected by SCP-8900's taint will remain to tell the truth. I regret this, gentlemen. I regret it deeply. It must be done. O5-8 Secure. Contain. Protect.


I'm really excited that Denver might also have the chance to adopt approval voting like us in St. Louis. We as a good government group in St. Louis supported it because it builds more trust between elected officials and constituents and helps give the winners of the elections a better mandate to lead. So after the 2017 mayor's race came the impetus for this change. Frankly, many voters of color, many black voters specifically in St. Louis were very disappointed by the race and you'll hear more about what happened later. So several volunteers launched a grassroots movement to reform the city elections. Now originally it was going to be a campaign for ranked choice voting since that's what most people had heard of or more people had heard of. But then we vetted the proposal with local election administrators, elected officials, organizers, and many national experts including the ranked choice voting resource center, fair vote, and the Center for Election Science. And ultimately we decided to switch from ranked choice voting to approval voting. Now why did we do that? There are four basic reasons. One was on policy, approval voting we felt would offer a truer reflection of the electorate and therefore better representation of the community. When we pulled the policy near the beginning of the campaign, the proposal for approval voting was especially popular among voters of color. Also on the policy, ranked choice voting based on the algorithm and how it works didn't seem like it would be as appropriate or solve some of the vote splitting issues when you have three or more candidates running in an election, which in St. Louis we often did have three or more viable candidates running. So approval voting seemed to make more sense for that and therefore gives more people a chance to run as well. When it comes to politics, some people thought approval voting would be easier for voters to understand than ranked choice voting. So that was one small piece as well. And then when it came to practicality and price, this was a huge differentiator. Our local election administrators in St. Louis, as well as national organizations like the Ranked Choice Voting Resource Center helped us realize that ranked choice voting was going to be a big pain to administer and cost potentially millions of dollars to implement, whereas approval voting would be easy and free to implement. Ultimately, personally, I think that both ranked choice voting and approval voting are improvements over the outdated model of plurality choose one elections. But when we had to pick between ranked choice voting and approval voting, approval voting was, for us, the clearly superior choice on almost every count, policy, politics, price, and practicality. It boils down to the fact that elected officials need to have a mandate to lead if they want to get things done for their community, whether that's in St. Louis or Denver or anywhere. So approval voting can help ensure that winners of elections have a strong mandate to lead and have the trust and support of their voters. So if you pass approval voting, I believe that you, like us in St. Louis, will find yourselves on the right side of history.


Co-operative localization, CL, has become increasingly important in the field of robotics and unmanned aerial vehicles, UAVs. It is now being applied to groups of firefighters who are able to work together in formation. Previous studies have focused on pedestrian localization, which is not possible with UAVs or robots due to their ability to form a team. This study developed an adaptive decentralized cooperative localization, ADCL, algorithm for a group of firefighters. Each member maintained a local filter and the relative measurement noise covariance was estimated instead of a fixed value. Expressions were derived for the intermember collaboration, reducing the influence of NLOS errors in ultra-wideband, UWB, ranging. Two experiments were conducted in a building and forest environment, demonstrating improved accuracy and suppression of localization errors by 14.23% and 47.01%, respectively, when compared to the Dklechf algorithm. This article was authored by Yang Chong, Xiang Guosu, Ning Yinghua, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


SCP-271 Object Class Keter Special Containment Procedures SCP-271 has been stored as long as possible in Containment Unit Exhalation Point 12-N. On a meter-high stone pedestal, SCP-271-01, which will be flooded with water and sealed off in a hollow 5 centimeter thick spear composed of glass saturated with iron. Permanent neodymium ██ magnets will be mounted around a standard-sized room to suspend the sphere in air and repel unwanted intruders. The room will be lined with pyrolytic carbon to contain the magnetic field generated by the magnets. The doors of the rooms be let unguarded in disguise of the ordinary genitorial closet and kept locked by an unobtrusive password box mounted in the wall down the hallway and around the corner that appears to be a thermostat. Dr. Vige is to change the password on a monthly basis. All study is to be observation-only until further notice. In case of unauthorized access, electro-managing the room will be activated by remote to destroy the glass sphere so that recovery may be simplified. Description SCP-271 is a small disk, composition unknown but metallic in nature, a little more than 4 centimeters in diameter, and in gray with a number of symbols that may or may not represent an unknown alphabet. These symbols are infectious to their environment over time, gradually appearing as if invisibly carved in nearby objects. They are capable of escaping through any hole, however minute, but have been demonstrated to be unable to penetrate non-gaseous fluids. Objects that carry the symbols for a sufficient time begin to be changed on a molecular level to the same material as the SCP.  The only known method of purging the symbols is the destruction of the object, and it is not possible to do this to SCP-271 itself. At this time both SCP-271 and SCP-271-01 are thoroughly coated with the engraved symbols and seem to swim slightly. Dr. Vige and other observers have described them as looking like the far side of a heatwave, or not quite all there. The symbols also appear to have fractal eyes somewhat. Studies with vision-enhancing equipment have revealed miniature symbols inside and around the larger carvings on both objects. SCP-271 was a previously unknown SCP recently acquired from a shrine belonging to the Church of the Broken God by Mobile-Armed Task Force-12 when ████████ it was previously stored in a room of its own, which documents note was to be kept sealed until the assembly was ready. Documents acquired at the same time suggest that ██████ the platform is original on account of the extensive writing on the room in which it is contained, the shrine itself was pulverized. However, due to rapid retaliation by enemy forces, the remnants of Mobile-Armed Task Force-12 were forced to ██████ contact had been re-established, but the nature of the SCP and the enemy's secrets prevent easy recovery, and is currently considered more advisable for the SCP to remain hidden if comparably unprotected than to attract attention by launching a very expensive recovery mission. Mobile-Armed Task Force-12 has been ordered to conform itself in the CU Exploitation Point-12, the Exploitation Mark denoting their atypical existence outside of a secured SCP Foundation area. Addendum, SCP-271 is not to be brought into the presence of SCP-AA-2. Emergency Bulletin Reports from the other embedded sources indicate that as of ██████ the church is aware of CU Exploitation Point-12 and the location of SCP-271, and it is planning an imminent assault against the unit. SCP-271 is to be kept out of enemy hands at all costs. CU Exploitation Point-12 has been ordered to mobilize and prepare for evacuation. A recovery team is being prepared for immediate deployment under the direction of Agent Dupont. A more detailed report is to follow.


But it is time for member statements a reminder to all members as they come in to please be respectful of others who have the floor Thank you member statements Okay, I recognize a member from Perth Wellington. Well, thank you speaker speaker for many students Visiting a local farm as a highlight of the school year But it is a highlight that they had to go without this year speaker if you can bring students to the farm Why not bring if you can't bring students to the farm? Why not bring the farm to the students and that's exactly what two Perth Wellington family said out to do Amanda twists and her husband James of maple twist farms in Damascus raise chickens cattle and pigs Their goal is to open a store on site and offer customers the chance to see the farm and the animals But the pandemic forced them to postpone this instead they created a YouTube series called fun facts and farm chats The project is intended to bring kids closer to the farm and closer to where their food comes from The videos are based on elementary school curriculum Their 10 year old son Colton is involved as well, and I'm told he is quite engaged in raising their chickens Jess and Ryan Fister who also farmed in Damascus started Fister farm school They also wanted to give young people a way to spend a day on the farm Their one minute videos are geared towards grades one to three Parents and teachers can use them as a resource They also allow classrooms to ask a farmer each class can submit up to five questions It's good to see that farm families in Perth Wellington promoting agriculture and education We take pride in our world-class farms and agriculture businesses We grow some of the safest and best quality food in the world And I want to thank maple twist farm and Fister farm for bringing their farms to the classroom. Thank you speaker Thank you Next statement the member for Brampton Center Thank You speaker speaker for months farmers in India have been peacefully protesting against Harmful agricultural reform bills that would have detrimental impacts to their livelihoods These peaceful protesters many of them seniors have been met with brutal violence and have been detained often illegally Activists and journalists like no deep core and these are Ravi have been subjected to torture and other abuses by the Indian police And as a great-granddaughter of a farming family from a rural village in Punjab I am proud to stand in solidarity with those on the ground in India and around the world and members of the diaspora Who continue to raise their voices against these injustices? I want to thank organizations like Kalsa aid United six and the sick motorcycle club for providing support to those protesters And helping to educate communities about these protests one of the largest in human history I also want to encourage members of this house to also learn more about the protests in India and to Understand how they can too raise their voices because as dr. King jr. Once said injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere And we all have a responsibility to raise our voices and stand in solidarity To the farmers in India. We are with you we hear you we see you continue on in solidarity Mr. Speaker during this difficult year the people of Ontario had to appreciate the things that truly matter in their lives for many Ontarians including many of my constituents in Ajax Religious faith and worship have been important vital means to cope with the pandemic in fact according to stats cans national Household survey 75% of Ontarians profess some form of religious faith and mr. Speaker in Ajax That takes the form of 30 places of worship Churches mosques temples synagogues and other places of worship have always been an integral to the social fabric of our community in Ajax and Endurham region in addition of course to worship services those Those facilities operate food banks charities child care and other supports for the most vulnerable in our community Recognizing the crucial role that these religious institutions play in Ajax like many members of this house I've been working closely and regularly with local faith leaders to provide support and make sure that there is Mutual understanding as they face the challenges of operating safely and providing spiritual emotional and and physical health support for our community Mr. Speaker later this morning. I'm proud that along with our faith leaders I'll be meeting with dr. Robert Kyle Durham's chief medical officer of health and dr. Pepe McTavish The associate medical officer of health to talk about safety concerns and ensure that our faith institutions can continue to support our Community mr. Speaker working together with public health officials will continue and to ensure that our places of worship can support Ajax and be a model across our province Thank you very much Thank you very much The next statement the member for Niagara Falls. Thank you, mr. Speaker yesterday the foreign government announced that on March 15 Residents can begin booking appointments for COVID-19 vaccines Frankly people are upset that they had to wait this long for that information in Quebec and Alberta Seniors are already able to book their life-saving vaccines The premier blames the prime minister yet other premier has been able to get vaccines for their residents over 360 people have died in Niagara and Neither the premier the minister or health or anyone from the foreign government Including the member from Niagara West has answered the question the residents of Niagara want to know So I'll ask them again We're exactly where our life-saving Moderna vaccines diverted to and when can we expect our fair share sent back to Niagara? Appointments don't mean anything if residents in Niagara can actually get the vaccine The vaccine is the only way we can safely and the premier cycle shut downs and infections This premier has failed the people of Niagara when it comes to COVID-19 vaccine rollout The residents of Niagara are owed answers and their fair share of vaccines The people of Niagara deserve to know if the COVID-19 vaccines they were promised and are now owed Will they actually be available for them when the vaccine hotline opens and again or repeat? 360 people have died in Niagara of COVID-19 most in long-term and retirement homes. Thank you Member statements the member for Barry in a spill. Thank you speaker We've just come to the end of February, which is heart months COVID-19 has had an impact on heart health in many ways people with heart conditions can be vulnerable to more severe outcomes and COVID may also cause damage to the heart's vascular system of previously healthy individuals The pandemic may be discouraging may just be discouraging some people from experiencing heart disease or stroke in Ontario from seeking medical care but this month heart month is a good reminder that our hospitals and health care providers are doing everything they can to keep patients safe and It is a reminder that the risks of ignoring symptoms of heart conditions or stroke is far greater than the risk of seeking Medical care you need and it's a reminder to make sure to keep your scheduled medical appointments and let your health care Practitioner know if you're experiencing any changes in your health Because every minute counts speaker and as the team at RVH reminds me time is muscle If you experience symptoms or you know someone who has having symptoms over stroke or heart attack Please call 911 right away and to mark heart health this month I joined MPP Doug Downey who invited me to join the heart and stroke month challenge by Jumping rope for heart and stroke and I challenged counselor Natalie Harris to do the same This campaign will help heart and the heart and stroke foundation continue to make a difference in the heart health of all Canadians Thank you The member for David Thank you. Good morning, Mr. Speaker Ontarians are waking up today to news that our province is not ready to deliver the COVID-19 vaccine and there will be even more delays Seniors over 80 won't be able to book an appointment until March 15th Those in the 60 to 65 group still at high risk will have to wait until Canada day Essential workers are still waiting for cabinet to decide when they'll get the shot and while this government hasn't even shared details About how people will be able to sign up in Quebec and Alberta today People are able to call or go online to set up their appointments We are in a race against time faster spreading variants are taking hold now We learned today that kids and staff at schools in my riding have been exposed to the variants I spoke with a public health nurse yesterday here in Toronto who told me they are very very afraid my constituents good people like Linda Grubowski who I spoke with just minutes ago are wondering what this government has been waiting for Essential workers seniors small businesses cannot afford another make it up as you go plan from this government When will the premier stop idling and shift this vital immunization campaign into high gear so we can save lives Thank you. The next statement the member for Ottawa. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Thank you, Mr. Speaker Last week at the federal government announced its plan to reinforce its bill on official languages and to strengthen French language rights throughout the country Their rights are extremely important, but it's also a reminder of what we have to continue to do provincially Francophones have the right to receive Services in French whether it's in education health these services are essential for our communities in my riding Ottawa Vanie in Ottawa we Are lucky to have Different francophone institutions such as the mofa hospital Where they offer services in French? I'm also thinking of school boards that provide French education high-quality French education in Ottawa and also post-secondary institutions that offer French language services these services exist thanks to all of the devoted work by Francophones, but they should have to fight Most regions don't have access to the services in a fair manner the government has made Certain efforts and progress in terms of recognizing the contributions of the francophone community notably recently with the francophone flag and Also in providing more legal rights to francophones I'm happy to recognize those improvements and I encourage the government to continue going forward with similar improvements. Thank you Thank you very much speaker well everyone, you know if you haven't noticed it's getting kind of cold outside And it may be time to get those thick winter jackets out those warm Canadian mittens and that nice wool tooth that grandma knitted for your last Christmas You know the one that you haven't had a chance to wear yet But you want to make sure that you're all prepared and bundled up for whatever the weather may bring But sadly this might not be the case for everyone You know as the weather gets extremely cold many years left to fend for themselves on the streets using whatever they can to keep themselves warm at night Shelters are quickly reaching capacities as less fortunate people must line up early to get a warm spot to stay A chattom Kent sees that struggle and I stand here today to proudly talk about an event that made a difference in my hometown on Saturday February 20th neighbor neighbor link chattom Kent hosted the 2021 coldest night of the year walk in total 21 teams in 135 walkers To which I was captain of our offices team set out to walk the usual five kilometer route Following COVID-19 guidelines to raise money and awareness for charity serving people experiencing homelessness I'm pleased to announce that we raised over $49,000 which surpassed their initial goal of 30,000 and this money can now be used towards neighbor link chattom Kent's exciting initiatives To help provide free of charge food and transportation to local residents Even though the walk was on Sunday anyone can still donate today by visiting the coldest night of the year website. Thank you Thank you very much. The next statement the member for Scarborough Southwest. Thank you speaker earlier this month I met a young woman who is a trained doctor She immigrated to Canada with a medical degree and since has faced immense obstacles unable to practice as a doctor When the world was opening the doors for foreign trained doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic She and many other IMDs international medical graduates took the initiative to register So they could serve the people of Ontario on the front lines alongside other doctors But we're not able to do anything other than volunteer This young woman and her colleagues have been facing barrier after barrier while trying to find a way to work as Physicians in Ontario IMDs and foreign trained physicians work day and night to complete their Qualification exams, but the current system makes it almost impossible for them to achieve any validated experience that will take them to the next step This is not an isolated story mr. Speaker many highly qualified and educated professionals come to Canada in search for better Opportunities for a better life and for the future of their children yet systemic barriers make it almost impossible to find work in their Fields and end up working minimum wage jobs despite working on the front lines Serving our communities mr. Speaker Ontario is home to many immigrants and refugees who have settled here We take pride in our diversity and our multiculturalism Our government must work together to build a comprehensive strategy to support foreign trained Workers across all fields and ensure that we are preventing brain drain and de-skilling amongst immigrant communities across Ontario Thank You mr. Speaker Thank you the next statement the member for Northumberland Peter girls south Thank You mr. Speaker mr. Speaker I was made aware of a truly remarkable story from my writing of a group of volunteers who are going above and beyond To ensure people have a place to skate in today's difficult times Places to go to get fresh air and exercise are so important in Castleton volunteers have set up three ice surfaces and a conquering for kids and families to skate on at the Castleton Sports Clubs Many volunteers have made this possible But I'd like to give a special shout out to Jeff tourney Stacy King and Bruce Bond Who routinely visit the rinks in the early mornings mid-afternoon Evening to make sure that the ice is okay that there's flooding and maintenance of the rinks community rinks like these are Essential to life in rural Ontario and these volunteers arrived sometimes as early as 5 30 in the morning Putting countless hours in the community sees the work they do and we honor it There's been no issues at the rink folks respect distancing regulations and the last one out turns out the lights That's the way we do it in small-town Ontario the rinks are located just beside Northumberland Hills public school kids come to skate after school It's been going on for so long now that the older kids help the younger kids ice up their skates Provide pox to play some pick up and all is done while safely respecting public health guidelines The rinks are located as I said at castleton sports club a non-for-profit charity So I would like to thank all the volunteers especially Jeff Stacy and Bruce Thank you for what you do to our community every day. We honor you. We appreciate you. Thank you, mr. Speaker Thank you very much. That concludes our member statements for this morning Leader the opposition has a point of order. Thank you, Speaker Speaker I seek unanimous consent for the house to observe a moment of silence to pay tribute to the 120 Ontarians who have succumbed to COVID-19 over the past week You know the opposition is seeking the unanimous consent of the house to pay to observe a moment of silence to pay tribute to the 120 Ontarians who have succumbed to COVID-19 over the past week Agreed Agreed members will please rise Thank you members may take their seats Member for london west has a point of order Thank you, Speaker Speaker I seek unanimous consent to move a motion regarding the accelerated passage of bill 239 the stay home if you are sick act To help in the fight against COVID-19 Member for london west is seeking the unanimous consent of the house to move a motion regarding the accelerated passage of bill 239 the stay at home if you are sick act To help in the fight against COVID-19 Agreed I heard an O


Thank you so much, Gar. And thank you all for joining us. Let me say that again. Thank you so much, Gar. And thank you everyone for joining us this week. While we wish we could have all been together in person. Here's my, let me try to shake my hand with everyone. Right. We're much better if we're all together in person. It's fortunate in a situation that we're still able to come together, even if it's virtually. Hopefully next year, it won't be virtually again. We're all hoping. Our next coup con will be North America, Los Angeles to be exact. Over October 12th to the 15th, the CFPs are open now and they're open until May 23rd and sponsorships are still available. So I am still, I appreciate all of you for joining us for the keynotes this week. And again, thank you for all our speakers and sponsors who helped make the event happen. I'm still emotional over Eva and Bob's presentation on the Kubernetes steering and code of conduct committee. I want to thank, seriously, thank you, all of the keynote speakers. A lot of the Friday keynotes, their ideas that we had in our head last minute and the quality of the content that you put down is ridiculously amazing. So thank you. Just wow, chef's kiss. So we invite you to reach out to the keynote speakers with your questions. There's a keynote Slack channel, it's a hashtag to KubeCon keynotes on the cloud native Slack channel. And the last set of breakouts will begin at 1150 CST. And we hope you all have a great day. Thank you for joining us this week. Everyone take care. See you soon.


President Mohammed Buhari has arrived in Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates, to convey his condolences on the passing of President and ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Halifa bin Zayed Hal Nayan. The President is scheduled to present the condolence and contrary letter to the new President of the United Arab Emirates, Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Hal Nayan, and thereafter review the bonds of a long-lasting friendship between the two countries. The President in an earlier congratulatory message to the new UAE leader had reaffirmed Nigeria's cordial relationship with the country, noting that the cooperation between both governments have helped Nigeria in tracking down illegal assets and tracing terrorist funds. The President is expected back in Abu Dhabi on Saturday.


The dynamism of the emerging private space industry, with its eye-popping aircraft designs and new approaches to launch, is rejuvenating excitement around space travel. Once monopolized by a budget-busting federal bureaucracy, the new leaders in space are wealthy philanthropists with boyhood dreams of space flight, as well as entrepreneurs who believe they can make money selling tickets to the edge of space. Admittedly, when Reason first declared the dawn of private ventures in space, we were off by a number of years. But in the last decade, tech billionaires such as Elon Musk, Richard Branson, and Jeff Bezos have been working through costly failures and lengthy experiments to arrive at workable approaches to a commercial service. In 2019, investors poured a record $5.8 billion into hundreds of space ventures. Unless you take big risks, you'll not invent anything new. You'll not have breakthroughs. A pioneer in private space travel, Bert Rutan is a renegade aerospace engineer whose unconventional risk-taking designs redefined what a spacecraft could look like. Rutan, who was the winner of Reason Foundation's 2019 Savas Prize for Privatization, designed Spaceship One, the first reusable manned craft to reach space not underwritten by the government. How many aircraft have you designed and built? Okay, I've designed 391 now. I've built and flight tested 49. Five of Rutan's aircraft now hang in the National Air and Space Museum, including Voyager, the first aircraft to fly nonstop around the world, and Spaceship One. I remember watching that initial flight and also thinking, even as a layman, thinking that aircraft looks bonkers. The only thing that's done for beauty is the paint trim. Everything about Spaceship One, it's shape that looks bonkers. There's a reason for that. The reason that it looks like a bullet is it's a very lightest structure that you can pressurize without having bending moments and stress concentrations and so on. You can't put big windows on it without taking big risks. So I put a lot of little windows on it and I double-pane them. Everything about it, particularly its feathered reentry, is there for a reason to not only allow it to be done with a tiny budget for Paul Allen, but to make it possible, really. Allen, the Microsoft co-founder and private space enthusiast, partnered with Rutan and their team went on to win the Ansari X Prize, becoming the first non-governmental organization to successfully launch a reusable manned spacecraft. You know, the government didn't develop an airliner. The government didn't run an airline business. But the government has always developed manned spacecraft and always flown them. You know, there's just an assumption that since this is so horribly expensive that it has to be done by huge outlays in the taxpayer. When I said, I think I can do this, Paul Allen realized this was a huge risk. But he had the vision of saying, well, you know, Rutan's not asking for much money here. You're worth 26 billion. Not much money. It can still be quite a lot of money. 18 million isn't much. Sure. You've talked about, though, that we should probably have, I hope this is a fair characterization, a higher tolerance for risk than we do now in space travel. Well, if you don't take risks, you're not going to have breakthroughs. Bezos and Musk, even though the industry, the world, all the primes, all the governments, had concluded that it's impossible to reuse rocket boosters. Okay. They took enormous risks and tried anyway. And, you know, they all crashed at first and kept crashing. But, wow, they figured it out. And now, by reusing rocket boosters, it changes the entire outlook on what's going to happen for the public as far as flying in space. Reusable rockets and similar advancements are largely being bankrolled by a cadre of billionaire philanthropists. Do you think it's fair to say that the fact that we have billionaires is why we have a private space industry? It's why we have a lot of things. There's nothing wrong with folks making huge amounts of money. For example, would we have an oil industry if it wasn't for someone that got very rich? Would we have had that? We'd be a third world country in terms of energy if it were up to the government and the taxpayer voting to fund it with their taxes. So, I don't feel embarrassed that the first decade or two of space tourism is just something for billionaires to have as a toy or as a fund. That's all right. We'll figure out what they're for later on. Our freedoms in this country are enormous compared to any other country. What country could you, could you with your own money fly your Tesla Roadster beyond Mars? You know, that's weird. Who would have thought that we'd ever see that? NASA wouldn't fund that. That couldn't be done in Russia. That was done because of the freedoms in America. It's all right for a guy to make horrendous profits. You know why? Look what they do with them. They not just create jobs, but they create the future.  Is he right?  If you can colonize another planet and humans can learn to survive there, you could save all of us.


What's everybody Jason for jazby's case breaks calm? 2019 panini Donner's optic football hobby four box break tiered random teams value number one just sold out So four boxes of Donner's optic hobby and the way this works guys We randomize those customer names and the tier teams So instead of you getting a random team or two random teams three random teams Nick teared up all of these teams here to kind of make it as even as possible and 10 spots Everybody gets a tier of team. So Cardinals Falcons Dolphins all the way down to the Cowboys Chiefs Panthers St So to me, I feel like this is a pretty solid way to get into a random teams break because each Tiered team has at least a couple good rookies couple vets Everything in those tiers. So it's pretty solid guys. So let's get a rolling four boxes ten names ten tier teams Dice Roller John down to Liam and you got Cardinals tiered team down to the Cowboys Roll it and we got it three to two four seven times one two three four five six seven seven times Tyler and number two no down a lane Let's go seven times to your teams one two three four five six seven seven times Redskins Down to the Cardinals Tyler with the Redskins rounds bucks Raiders builds Vikings Obi-Wan with the Cowboys Chiefs Panthers Saints Joseph you have 49ers Ravens Chargers Warren with the Jaguars Eagles Bears Jets Ryan You have the Broncos Bengals Colts John Williams with the Giants Browns Texans AJ with the Patriots Steelers Lions Liam last ball module Seahawks Titans Packers and Lane with the Cardinals Falcons Dolphins So there you go, I'll give you guys time to make any trades if you guys would like If not we'll start to break. I know I should have earlier Jack You know what people are buying it already Liam just took a spot So I think it'll fill up on its own that way Maybe it's an in chat special. Oh, yeah, Tim. I think that was Teddy if you heard whatever that was All right, so that cup now is down to five left. All right, anybody wants Trade or that's it. All right, try one of clothes on. All right, here you go guys So here's Donner's optic football and again, this is a four box break So what we'll do here is these boxes here will be one break these boxes in the middle will be one break These four boxes down here will be one break. All right one two three or one two for the left side Three four for the middle five six for the right side six one two three four five six I Will have at least two more breaks of these guys Yeah, so I mean look at it makes the break more pricier Right because you're paying like over a hundred dollars for maybe in a random teams You only pay 30 30 and change but you may get stuck with a You know one of the one of the teams that don't really have much But that's obviously the risk that everybody takes in a random team or pick your team But at least in the tier teams you pay a little bit more But yeah, you know you'd like AJ saying really not a bad spot for any of these tier teams If you really think about it now, obviously, we just have to hit for those teams, but Just makes it more fair for that way like Jeffrey said We're saying of course everybody's still gonna want the Cardinals in this everybody's still gonna want the Pelicans and Prism, but if you don't get them You know at least you can get a good tier teams with other rookies that can sell pretty well All right guys good luck Benny Snell Eli Manning to 99 Says John's going to John Miko Harmon John Lercox Hollow and Brady mythical last time you're gonna be seeing him in Patriots Garnam into Ricky Derek Henry to one ninety nine, and we got my boy Miles Sanders nice little hollow Miles Sanders Raider rookie There you go fly goes fly Warren with that one There's a lot of football on the side Tyler check it out Jasper's case breaks calm NT will post up another one of these up as well We got Andy Isabella to 150 Our website also should be in the video Miles Sanders Christian Wilkins to two ninety nine We got a Derek Carr black velocity Or do they call them velocities in this as well, and we got a redemption And we got Josh Allen for the Jaguars to two ninety nine We're great rookie Could be a minch who I believe but I'm This is Opti came out early in the year, so my money's gonna be on David Montgomery Let's see Raider rookie is autographed red. I don't know what red is number two, but car number 165 No, it's Parrish Campbell. There you go Indianapolis Colts Ryan with that one. I Don't know Tyler. I mean I think At least it looks like Panthers already moved on from Wilbur, which just kind of sucks You know got thrown into the fire at the end of the year for a game or two I believe and didn't perform well. I mean when you sign When you sign a Teddy Bridgewater to like a sixty million dollar contract, I don't know what the details were I think it was pretty high. I don't think he's gonna be your starter. Maybe grip could be his back up, I guess I Guess you're getting him pretty cheap, so he could be your backup You got the patch auto in here Does that a 50 Tim? Thanks, man Calvin Ridley to 50 Shady and Easton stick eight out of 25. There you go chargers Where the charges Joseph Pearson with them bag now Carson Wentz 299 and Kurt Warner MVP in sir Garner Minch you nice to 199 extra Lawrence Prescott to 150 Braden cooks McHugh Harry holla when Haskins rookie you want a Brady base AJ. I Got you this Brady over here dinner Little mythical came of cards. No problem. I Don't recognize the username, but no problem. That's all we do is pull here this heat for you guys At least we tried to at least I tried. Oh, what's up top? No problem, man, and David Montgomery To 299 and a will Greer number to 199 AJ Brown Eli Manny Daniel Jones You got Devin McCordy Darnell Savage to 150 Jeffrey Simmons hollow all that by them junior to 25 out of 50 Cleveland Farrell Radis Tyler with them And he Isabella hollow All righty guys last box And we should have at least two more breaks of this so we'll post another one if we haven't already After I get done with this The council that to Tim although I heard that WWE was deemed essential so Into a world wrestling entertainment you can watch that UFC was shut down although Dana White made it so interesting that He was gonna get an island Have fighters fight there. I was crazy. I would have loved to have seen that It's like an octagon right in the middle of an island in the middle of nowhere I thought he was too, but I think there's bigger people than him in the UFC and I think I think they shut it down just cuz it's just unsafe. I guess I Think he was willing to do it, but I think Bigger people than him in the company probably said nope and Forced to stop that I guess All right way to UFC survivor Make it naked and afraid UFC edition drop drop him off somewhere In like an island I don't know if you guys ever see naked and afraid about hollow UFC edition Both fighters find each other and they have to they have to fight it out to see who gets gets to come back to the States All right. Good luck Dakota Allen to 299 Daniel Jones J. Sternberger Watts will Hernandez. I think that was autocorrect. Probably DK Mack out of hollow No, we had with this cup case came in this past Friday, but we haven't broken it since Friday So we're finally pretty much there Five spots left in the round on our block Mario Cooper We're watching what I don't know will Hernandez Stefan Dix AJ Brown Mari money hooker Plain Thorson and Brian burns to 75 Carolina Panthers Gonna Obi-Wan No, vanilla. I did not see that but I mean I the world is gonna change once we once we Once the economy is you know back up in running and Stay at home. Soldiers are gone. I mean, I think everybody's gonna experience a change I think you're gonna see face mask out in public more common Probably restaurants are gonna have to in places that are crowded with people are gonna have to kind of find ways to Have somewhat of social distancing like in restaurants are not gonna have as many booths anymore. Probably as many tables Definitely the world is definitely changing after all of this So I think it's something we're just gonna have to get used to and it's something that we're all gonna learn from and Be prepared for the next one, but I don't think people prepare for something like this to happen until it does All right guys, there you go. This is Donner's object hobby football four box break Tiered random teams number one again. We'll post a number two Still should be some nice stuff hiding in the next couple boxes. Appreciate it guys