Good evening and welcome to episode 302 of the Private Property Podcast with myself, Usamandonga Kumalo. It is of course a very exciting evening. I'll get to why I'm so excited about this evening's conversation and this evening's guest. If you're joining us for the first time, welcome to the show. You are tuned into the only daily property podcast in South Africa. So do make sure that you also go to our Facebook and YouTube page to catch up on all the great content that we've already brought to your screens. And all our regular viewers, you know how we do it. Every single weekday at 7 p.m. you and I have an appointment where we're always, we're certainly always in conversation with a property expert who helps us navigate our property journey. Doesn't matter where you are in your property journey, we're certainly here to help you out.  We absolutely love hearing from you at home. And you're going to also, of course, tune into our other great shows across private properties, social media pages. As it is a Wednesday, you can look forward to the first time home buying show with Estie Carson that comes to screens this evening at 8 p.m. She's always in conversation with people who've not only walked that first time home buying journey, but have gone on to grow their property portfolios from strength to strength. So if you're looking to get your foot in the property ladder and certainly scale your property portfolio, then that is a show that you also want to make sure you tune into to get a sense of how other people do it as they share some of the lessons learned, mistakes made, and things that you absolutely want to avoid. And every Tuesdays and Thursdays awarding a farmer by doing what will come to your screens and brings us the farming podcast where she tackles all things agriculture. So if you've got an interest in agriculture, perhaps want to be a farmer yourself. I know that a lot of people, especially in urban areas, are looking at different ways that they can grow their own food, especially as we look at the advent of food security and just how difficult it sometimes and how pricey it sometimes can be for us to buy some of our food. So we're really looking at different ways we can cut costs as much as possible. So that is a show that you can tune into that you can get matters relating to agriculture. You can certainly be able to get a better sense of how you can navigate that industry. And of course, every Mondays and Fridays, a child comes to your screens with the whole shocker show. Amazing that you can find on www.privateproperty.co. Lots of Johannesburg to those very, very pricey mentions that I'm sure many of us at home want to eventually be able to live in. Chad certainly does have you covered. He certainly gives us a great sense of what we can expect in different properties. Those are the great shows that you can catch across properties, social media platforms, every single weekday at 8 p.m. You make sure that you're always in touch with us for us on Instagram, Facebook, on Twitter, on LinkedIn, and of course, on TikTok. You can follow myself at Zamantho Moa underscore K on Twitter as well as on Instagram. Now, I did say that I'm quite excited about this evening's conversation. And the reason why I'm a bit excited about it is because it really is one of those things that we've spoken about before. And now we need to look at what, how can we use this or work around the system beyond the time of crisis? Because every time I've spoken about this, it has been in the context of the crisis that we're finding ourselves in right now, which is fantastic. And we certainly need to know how to do this thing. But how can we also make sure that we have the right systems in place outside of the crisis? And what we're going to be looking at is the rental recovery packs. And if you remember, these were the packs that came out saying to the industry, when we went into lockdown last year, it was, you can find it on the TPN website, we've had Michelle Dickens from TPN, as well as SSLR Incorporated. We also had Salma Stan, who's my guest this evening, who really spent quite a bit of time talking us through the lease packs. And we finished here shortly from Salma for years ago, but probably weren't, you know, tuned in previously, what the rental recovery pack was, the need for it. And whether or not we can still use it to date, you know, is there still a need for the rental recovery pack? And of course, different ways that you can deal with crisis. Also, your tenant not being able to pay. How can you enter into an arrangement with them? And of course, we've brought none other than Salma Stan to help us make sense of this. Salma, good evening, and thank you so much for joining us on the show. Hi, good evening, Salma Tungua. Thank you so much for having me again. It's always so much fun to to spend seven o'clock with you. It's always such a pleasure to have you on the show, Salma, especially because you're really able to to to have us understanding what the law says in an accessible way. Because I think oftentimes, when it comes to legal matters, particularly property matters, you know, a lot of tenants tend to just generally not know these things, because nobody teaches this, teaches us this, we don't go to law school, not everybody needs to go to law school. I did law school, I can tell you now you're not missing out on anything. And I think many landlords were also then finding that they, you know, they started their property investment journey, often accidentally, and they themselves also don't quite know, you know, the ambits of the law, what to can or cannot do. So understanding what can and cannot be done, particularly with, you know, people's monies, and when they can't pay is such an crucial thing for us to understand. And I want us to, you know, the starting point for our conversation, Salma, I want, if you can share with our listeners, you know, what the rental recovery pack is, and why ourselves and TPA came together and saw a need for this, this pack, for this rental pack. It's such a good conversation to have so much more when you, when we started discussing this episode and what we're going to be doing. I thought, wow, it's amazing. I can't believe it's been more than a year since we released the rent recovery packs. And to be quite honest, I didn't even know that people are still interested in that and that there's still questions around it. So I'm very happy that we're having this conversation. The reason why we did that was last year, March, we realized, oh, and other things are going clear shaped here, and we are probably going to head into into a lockdown. Michelle Dickinson, I had a conversation and we said, whoa, okay, if people are going to be prohibited from leaving their homes, and they can't trade, they can't earn an income, how do we, how do we help this? What do we do? I should attend and stop paying rent. Remember, last year, March, April, there was a lot of conversation about the obligation to pay rent. And a lot of countries, not a lot, not a lot, I'm wrong. A few countries did have the ability to support tenants and they paid rent on behalf of tenants. Unfortunately, South Africa is obviously not one of those countries. We don't have deep enough pockets for that. And unfortunately, there was no government support when it came to rentals. So what we did is we allowed, we drafted these documentation to allow a landlord and tenant to talk to each other, meet each other halfway, and then pay either deferred payments, so a reduced amount to pay later, or completely reduced amount not to be repaid. And the way the documentation was drafted was specifically with COVID and lockdown in mind. Now the thing is, at the time, luckily, we already sort of foreseen the situation where we're not going to be in lockdown only for three months and where the national state of disaster wouldn't have been for three months. So just for the viewers, the reason why the original state of disaster was only for three months is that is what the provisions of the Disaster Management Act of South Africa says. You did clear state of disaster for three months, which can be extended or reduced by the minister. And it's been extended to this very day and probably every month on the 15th of every month, we just have a month's extension. And that is in terms of the Disaster Management Act. So it's very important to know that the content of that agreement where there is a provision and it's a defined term recovery date. And the recovery date is specifically defined as three months after the end of the national state of disaster. Now, where we are currently is still in that same national state of disaster. So we still haven't reached the recovery date in terms of those of those documents. We did allow for cancellation of the agreement because we knew it's going to probably take longer. And the reason why this is relevant is repayment of the reduced amounts or the deferred amounts would only kick in from recovery date. And we allow for cancellation in terms of those agreements if it extended, which it did. And the landlord says, you're okay, but I can't keep on supporting you. You need to start repaying as there is a provision for cancellation. That was a very long explanation. I'm sorry. And I think the big thing about it is it's really getting an understanding of that there was meant to be an end date. Initially, I mean, we saw very quickly that we're not going to be in a 21 day lockdown. And so we thought, okay, maybe it will be that three month window period. And we also very quickly saw that actually it's not going to be the case. And because we've had so many different extensions, because we're still in the national state of disaster, the wording then becomes quite important because it would have meant that initially you had a three months after the recovery date, meaning probably the end of the national state of disaster, then payment can resume or regular payment, or back to the original amount, except we still haven't gone back to it. Meaning that nobody would have anticipated that that would still be the case so many months later. So now that we have a good sense, certainly of the timeline provision, that's actually a very important starting point that this isn't this wasn't something that was there previously to this, and that we're at in vision that an end date would coincide with when the national state of disaster would end, it hasn't ended. So we're still living within within that ambit. When we then consider that so then how do landlords, especially now, how can they make use of the least that because as we're saying that there isn't, we don't have a day, right? As much as we're seeing vaccinations, you know, coming in and even younger age groups being able to vaccinate, the reality is that by November, December chances are we're still going to be living in a state of national disaster very well into the New Year. So in the event where landlords are finding that some of their tenants are even a new tenant, because I think one of the realities of having been living in this new normal for such a long time is your previous tenants lease agreement may have potentially ended by now. Perhaps that same tenant has renewed it. Perhaps you've now gotten a new tenant, whichever one it is, but you are essentially now in the middle of another lease agreement for argument sake, or in the middle of the one that you had last year. So in the event where a tenant right now is struggling to then pay, how can they make use of the lease pack, given that the we still have a limitation on, you know, the end the end date, so to speak, or when payments or regular payments can resume? Yes, so the range recovery pack specifically, it's it's still free and it's still available on on TPN's website. So anybody can go and download it and read it. The problem with with those documentation right now is, well, there are two, one is the deposit utilization agreement. And to be honest, that was an agreement that was drafted with the good old term desperate timescales for desperate measures. And I would never, ever, ever, ever, unless it's in a crisis crisis mode, like we were last year, March, April, and I would never suggest that a landlord and a tenant agrees to release the deposit. So basically agree that no deposit will be held. So the tenant can use that for payment offering. The reason why it was relevant last year is we knew that the actual full lockdown would only be for late school, a month, max two months. And thank goodness we were correct in that connection. That's that that stability. But it's a it was a very necessary. I almost want to use the word evil, but I don't mean that it was evil. You don't want to go through a rental transaction without a deposit. But in a situation where there would be no cash, the landlord wouldn't have been able to pay the bond tenant really doesn't have an income. Let's say the tenant was a nail technician, and she couldn't work. She really just weren't allowed to work. No income. The landlord, let's say for instance, also had a similar job and really couldn't earn an income. The only money that could flow at that time was the deposit. So where we are now, we don't have full lockdown. We're in levels four, eight straight. And I mean, two weeks for the first two weeks of this lockdown, level four, restaurants were closed. We're at this stage, luckily they are open still with the alcohol ban. We obviously have less patrons, but there isn't any really any person who isn't allowed to earn an income. I know there are people that's struggling, but there isn't a strict limitation like we had last year, March, April. For that reason, I would not, I would not suggest the deposit utilized agreement unless there's a very specific reason for a very short term inability to pay rent and the deposit can be used. The other document being the rent recovery document, it's the rent ref deferment agreement. That can be used. Let's take, for example, the tragedy that hit us last week, where there are people who, as a result of the looting and the burning down of shops and full destruction of businesses. If somebody for that reason now is going to go into a two or three month period where they will not be able to meet their rental obligation. They can still use those agreements, but be very careful of using them as is. Reason why I'm saying this is the rent recovery back specifically makes mention of COVID and the pandemic and the effect of the pandemic. So the looting and the destruction of property there that we've seen last week. Unfortunately, it's not going to be a perfect fit in the rent recovery back and the deferred agreements. What you do have and what I do suggest is as part of the lease back. Unfortunately, the lease back is not free as the rent recovery backs up, but it's at a particularly awesome cost for the kind of documentation that you have in that back. I am personally one of the drafting attorneys of those lease documentation. So I know them pretty well and I've even translated them to Africans. I really know them well. So in terms of those documentations, documentation we do have attendants and we do have AODs acknowledgement updates and I would rather suggest use something like that. Say for instance, you're a landlord and you have a tenant that doesn't earn an income right now because of either covid lockdown level for all the destruction of property last week whatever the situation might be. I would look at something like that potentially doing it then them to reduce the rental amount for a safe period of time. If you want them to repay that use it in conjunction with the acknowledgement of it to say okay your rent was supposed to be then it's seven now the three thousand runs you're going to have to repay that at some stage. Use that then in the acknowledgement of that rather than try to make it work with the rent recovery bugs. If the reasons for inability to pay actually does go to lockdown level four more than welcome and the rent recovery bug still sits perfectly well and like I said it's free to download. So before you start wondering what to do download the same read it see if you can again make it work. I'm in conversation this evening with Silne Stain who is the managing director at SSLR Incorporated. We look at rental lease packs. So if you're a landlord or even a tenant because I seem to be still not off air one of the things that we're like I'm realizing is that you know tenants themselves also don't know some of their rights and sometimes don't know what kind of resources they can use to communicate with their landlord in the event where they are unable to make rental and they've been a genuine crisis and you want to be able to put a legal document in place so that your landlord also doesn't think that you're trying to pull a fast one on them. So this is also relevant for tenants because it equips you with the knowledge of being able to go to a landlord and saying you're currently in a difficult financial position could be because of COVID or you know something else and this thing that can be used for us to be able to enter into an agreement as opposed to just having a verbal agreement because we only say get things in writing when it comes to you know your landlord and tenant relationship it's not enough to just have a conversation about it. So as a tenant you're now also able to have the knowledge to be able to raise this with your landlord and I want to find out from you at home especially when it comes to you know rental from the tenant side have you been able to approach your landlord in the event where you've struggled to make rent for the month and what has generally been their reception and this could have been because of COVID or of course other life circumstances because as we're saying there's so many things have unfortunately happened over the past year that it could very well happen that it's not directly due to COVID but your finances have been affected and you unfortunately won't be able to make rent and to the landlords I want to find out from you how do you handle it when your you know your tenants message you to say I won't be able to make rent do they even contact you prior to the first because I know some landlords would be like look it's now the third and they still my tenant is still not paid so how do you approach your tenant in the event where rental hasn't been paid do you have a system in place where you know come the second and you saw that there was no rent in place you just send the standard later of demand or are you more I'll first have a conversation found out hey what's happening if you forgotten do share with us down below how you manage late rental payment whether you're the tenant making the late payment or of course the landlord receiving that late payment now so now one of the things that we've also then seen with the rental and the way that we've seen the rental market over the past year is that many places their rental amounts have significantly dropped quite a lot they've obviously also seen very high vacancy rates in certain in certain cities and one of the things that I've seen you know sometimes tenants do is wanting to leave their current place prior to the lease expiring and sometimes it could be because let's say for example their finance is affected and they just will no longer be able to make that rental sometimes it's actually because rental in that apartment block used to be ten thousand and now because of the state of you know the rental market it's gone down to seven thousand and they'd rather just get that place which is the same complex so they're still in the same place and save that three thousand rand for themselves so they want to cancel and at least early perhaps take us through the the risk of cancellation because one of the trends that I keep seeing is tenants saying I want to cancel you know my lease or I need somebody to take over my lease I think we see that a lot and and I always you know I always just shake when everybody say when I see especially tweets of people asking for you know a tenant because they want somebody to take over their lease perhaps you'll take us through any cancellation and of course how actually tenants can't their lease yes so I'm very happy that we're having this conversation because it breaks my heart every single time I see cases comes through through SSL off and we need to actually get a judgment against the tenant in terms of the lease agreement for the early cancellation penalty and we do and we are successful with those every single time unfortunately the tenant at the time of cancelling doesn't know that they are going to be in for for these costs let's let's take for example a gym contract if you cancel your gym your gym contract and you still need to pay for two or three months it's usually not you know it's not going to break the bank as a rental does because what happens is you do have a right in terms of section 14 of the consumer protection act the consumer in our context obviously the tenant does have the right to cancel that agreement by giving the supplier in our context the rental 20 business days notice of this cancellation now where people go wrong with this is they believe that if they give longer notice so instead of the 20 business days they give three months notice or two months notice or whatever that that's going to remove the obligation to pay this early cancellation penalty that's not the case the access give the the suppliers of the land at least 20 business days notice then you can cancel the agreement but the supplier the land may impose a reasonable cancellation penalty and then that gives us a few pointers that you need to consider those pointers typically relate to situations where the parties did not agree to an early cancellation penalty now in most most lease agreements we do make provisions for an early cancellation penalty and in most cases it's going to be about two to four months rent so if you consider a lease agreement that's been running for say it's a yearly agreement and you in month eight now you see the flat next to you go you know freeze up and it's going to be cheaper but you're going to be in for three months early cancellation penalty and eventually you're going to end up paying rent at the new place but you're also going to pay early cancellation penalty at the previous place you very often end up in a worse or financial position then in a better position and I think this is the scary part you need to look at the terms of your lease agreement now I say this was the necessary respect to the rental housing tribunal but I think it's very important to mention a lot of times when people go to the tribunal to to to complain about the early cancellation penalty some of the tribunals especially in the western Cape does not like to give orders in terms of this early cancellation penalty and the problem is remember guys the rental housing tribunal is not a court it's a statutory body created by the rental housing act and they can be reviewed and they can be corrected by a higher court like the magic court or the high court and we've seen that in in cases so don't believe because you were successful once in the tribunal that the next landlord you go to the bargain on the fact that they're going to go to the tribunal and that that tribunal commissioner is going to give the same order because if they go to court and and I mean we've done a lot of these cases and and we are successful in enforcing the rights that the landlord have in terms of the lease agreement you could end up with a judgment against your name which you could have avoided I mean you could have avoided all that drama and court cases and legal costs and and let's be fair eventually to end up with a judgment against your name is going to mess around with cell phone contracts with closing accounts not that I'm a fan of that but it's going to mess with with so many things so so try to avoid that but the way to avoid that is not by finding a new tenant there is no obligation on a landlord to accept the tenant that you introduce to him the landlord has the complete right and restriction to decide on the tenant that he's going to contract with all these agreements he has a provision that says this agreement may not be seeded or assigned that means you can't just say oh Mr Landlord yes my good friend Zama Tungua she is going to move in and she's going to be your tenant now you're going to love her she's so she's a pleasant pleasant lady and that is not the way to get away from the early cancellation penalty definitely not quite to the contrary I've seen a lot of tenants do that and the landlord does not accept that tenant which he has the right not to if the tenant takes the boxes on credit rating and everything checks out I must say there is definitely an obligation on the landlord to mitigate his damages so the landlord bond or lack of a better word this is what you said in the beginning Zama Tungua I have a way with legal terminology the landlord bond just be stubborn and spiteful and upset with you and not place the tenant if you can show that the landlord did have an opportunity to mitigate his damages and he did not he's going to have an uphill battle in court to get that early cancellation penalty from you but if the friend that you want to place does not fit the landlord's waiting criteria he doesn't have to place and I think you know I know that we're running out of time because this is a topic that I want us to adequately flesh out because I know that a lot of tenants often feel I'll say disempowered or don't quite know how to then go about it in the event where they do want to end their lease agreement early and the reality in both of us know this one so is that often tenants just don't read their lease agreements often landlords themselves don't you know read the lease agreements typically will download them from the internet and sometimes even when they use one that the TPN lease even when they use that they still haven't actually gone through the whole lease agreement to understand every clause that is there so we know that both parties are guilty of not reading the lease agreement and so really getting a good sense then of how can a tenant be able to get out of a lease early and and not pay you know the early cancellation amount or certainly try to pay as little as possible and using the legal and this to be able to do so but that's going to be a conversation that you and I are going to pick up on on another day before I let you go then so now I think any final tips for both landlords and tenants when it comes to using the recovery the recovery pack especially right now and knowing that we don't have an end date to you know the national state of disaster and every there's been so many different types of crises that have unfortunately happened and will say to us you know being in a pandemic and of course the economic effects so even part of what we saw you know last week we could also say that the fact that it's during COVID certainly played a role in things getting to where they are so knowing that we're likely still going to be facing financial difficulty in particular any final tips for both landlord and the tenant and how they can both certainly best use the rental recovery pack I'm so glad if every time somebody asks me this question I get so excited if I can use the word Ubuntu in any conversation I am a very happy camper so Ubuntu I don't think we ever let me say anything and I don't sneak in Ubuntu the reason why I'm such a such an absolute fan of application of Ubuntu in our law and specifically in rentals is in a case like this where we are now and it's not a short thing we've been in this for 18 months and like you rightly said it leads to further things and difficult times and things are happening people need to appreciate whether you're a landlord or a tenant everybody in this transaction is human if there's a company there's a human behind that company if it's a trust whatever the case is we are people and we are people in one community we share a community so for tenants to say I don't want to pay my rent because I can't so the landlord must carry me financially it's really not fair because the landlord also has obligations to me other way a landlord that says well you know what I can get this rental income and my tenant must make a plan and that's also not ideal although legally enforceable and although it's correct in law in practice we are going through a time that our generation has never gone this is not the first time this happens in the history of the world there's everything that you know that's happening as happened before and you know nothing is really new but it's our generation's first time of going through a very difficult thing and as long as landlords and tenants remember to communicate communicate, communicate and don't communicate tenants please don't communicate when the poor boy is in the fan that's a little too late communicate when you realize oh whoa the poor boy is heading towards the fan this is again my amazing legal terminology so when you realize there's a problem and you're gonna run into a situation if you're a business owner and you're a tenant and you can see your business is failing open the conversation with the landlord then because if you start talking to each other before there's a real rental both parties are still happy to talk to each other if you're on month three of not paying your rent I promise you the landlord doesn't feel very you know happy to help you talk in advance and if you then come to a conclusion use an agreement use something like the rent recovery pack to do a deferred payment use the TPN yeast pack documentation use the addendums and the acknowledgments of that to record your agreement in writing and if all else fails cancel the agreement but give the landlord sufficient notice and then landlord you need to mitigate your damages there's a legal obligation on you to start marketing the property immediately if it's necessary even reduce the rent because if you're in a complex where the rent went from 65,000 for a month to 42,000 for a month for all their units if you're still trying to get your 65 I'm exaggerating obviously but if you're still trying to get that rent but everybody else in the complex have dropped their rent and you're not mitigating your damages if you reduced your rent obviously that rent reduction would be part of the early cancellation penalty and the damages suffered by the landlord but you need to communicate as quickly as possible and talk to each other try to avoid the very short WhatsApp actually pick up the phone talk to each other and see if you can find the solution and that's such a great place to leave it on that's a great note to leave it on so that this evening that you really want to meet each other halfway as much as possible if you're the landlord and your tenant has come forward saying that listen I know I likely won't be able to pay in future rather you know cancel let's say two months time so I'll still pay the next two months rental but I'd rather for the sake of my finances end the lease agreement in time get into sourcing a new tenant as opposed to trying to be unreasonable with them and I think from the tenant side as well is you want to be as forthcoming as possible during this period I know that it's such a difficult one beyond some of the anxiety and the stresses of living in South Africa and not being vaccinated because I'm seeing a I'm very jealous I'm seeing a lot of friends abroad who are my age they were long vaccinated then when we add all of those collective stresses there's also of course just the burden of how all of this is also taking the toll on our mental health so you really just want to be forthcoming as early as possible and also get into gear mode in terms of solving it for yourself and finding that cheaper place and moving in there as soon as possible because I think it is one of those things that right now a lot of us are trying to find different ways to cut costs as much as possible and in the event where we're able to make a little bit extra money put it aside because we don't know if things are going to get bad at all but so now we are going to leave it there this evening thank you so much for joining us it's always such a pleasure to have you on the show thank you so much for having me so much and we're always a pleasure to be with you and that is Solis Stain who is the managing director at SSLR Incorporated and that is the end of the Wednesday edition of the private property podcast with myself Uzaman Dunwa Malo I'll be back on your screens tomorrow evening at 7pm it is a Wednesday so you can look forward to the first-time home buy show with SD Croson at 8pm until then hope you stay home and stay safe I'm Brian Kappa I'm a 10-time South African motorcycling champion my family and I have chosen to live in four ways there's some really great suburbs in our neighborhood there's a lot of families living in the surrounding areas in places like Lone Hill and Cedar Lakes what draws people to Cedar Lakes is that it's so close to Broadacre Shopping Centre Cedar Square and Four Ways Life Hospital Lone Hill is a major draw card for many families it's got some great smaller commercial centres and some fantastic schools like Crawford College from an entertainment point of view Montecassino really comes alive at night there's so much on the go and there's an incredible energy in the area our family just loves the fast paced lifestyle that Four Ways brings but honestly the thing that attracted us most to this area was the active lifestyle that it offers as a family we've chosen to live in Four Ways because of the lifestyle and convenience and this is our neighborhood


Warning, if you feel empathy towards cheaters, you shouldn't watch this episode. If you stay, you just found the best place for your vengeful needs. This cheating revenge episode is a dark Christmas special, so be sure to spoil yourself, and stick till the end. The first story is exclusively shared with this channel only. Wife of cheating husband goes nuclear, and publicly promotes as a fair partner, to side chick of December. Then wife gets caught transferring funds, to her secret lover. Her genius husband finds out, and turns her into a sugar mommy. This story is epic. Next, this woman had one rule. Don't cheat, don't ever cheat. So when he cheated nonetheless, she went absolutely nuclear. This cheater, likes to show off who he cheated with. Did I mention, his side chick is married already? The aftermath of this revenge was never meant to go nuclear, but it did. Lastly, cheating wife finds her dream candy in the gym. But when she took a bite, it ends up being outrageously overpriced.  The following story is a royal AI exclusive, and told from a female's perspective. I'll take you with me on my cheating revenge story. For me, these two parts are really two separate stories. Because one part broke my heart, the other offered some healing. I'll let you guess which one is which. My story starts with my 14 year old marriage. I believed we've always been a good couple, we talk, we had been through difficulties and it made our relationship stronger. I never had a connection to someone as to my husband. Our family unit felt strong as we have two energetic boys that are twins, aged five. We both had good jobs and even had little family traditions we kept honoring. But as good as it all seemed to be, I had to horrifyingly find out that my husband, the father of my children, has been cheating on me. If you live with someone for over a decade, you get to know each other's way of doing things, especially when raising kids together. My husband was the kind of guy that didn't touch his phone that often. But all of a sudden, he would grab his phone more often and stay glued to it like a teenager's on socials and orphans. I had gotten gimps of his phone and became suspicious of the late night texts he had been receiving. To collect information on who exactly he had been talking to and what they had been talking about, I installed a specific app on his phone one night while he was sleeping. Morally not so awesome, but I did so as a last resort. I did some research on this app, but I won't mention it here. It's an app that allows you to track someone's phone calls and messages. It sort of logs the data elsewhere. So when I went to check the app for the first time, I would have the data from the day before. I waited before opening it. I contemplated just deleting the app. I must be overly worried and I have to trust my husband. We've been together for 14 years. He would never. After three days, I thought about the differences, the gut feeling I had, how he became way more interested in working out and doing spare time activities, without me or people we both knew. I had to check for my sanity, and there it was. Not just enough on his cheating. She's a married woman too. They talk by in Christmas presents. They have nicknames for each other. He calls her precious, which still makes me cringe. There's more. She gives him tips on his outfit and looks. They seem to have the time of the world like teenagers, as I scroll through days worth of texts. I even saw a sweet compliment he sent her, which was identical to one he sent me to. Seriously? He said, When I think about my future, I can only smile because I'm spending it with you. I remember how I felt so loved when I received it at work. For him to send me this, affirming our love. Remember, I was not only naive. I trusted my husband I've been with for over 14 years. We both love our kids, but we would jokingly fantasize about spending time together in peace when they are old enough to leave the nest. So these sweet words really hit home when I first received them. So what about her reaction when she received the exact same compliment? She replied. After two years of struggling, I can't wait for us to be free. My hands shake while I continue. I'm not just sad. I'm furious. I remember feeling the pressure buildup from my chest to throat. I know I'm a good wife. I had this man's back since before we were married. He is my first and was my only one. He must have known this would devastate me. But there it is. He casually sends her hearts with a declaration of love and the cherry on top, a recording of them both having a sexy time chat session. The timestamp showed that it happened while I was at work. Their ugly faces said enough, I didn't need or want to hear it. My husband and this woman were clearly in love and they had planned a vacation two weeks before Christmas. How is he planning to do that? With plans within our family, the kids and me, I couldn't see back far enough. So I only had the chat of the days previously. Doesn't matter really. I've seen enough and clearly have enough to nuke them both into oblivion. He's a good liar and actor. I give him that. Did I mention, this is how I discovered how petty I can be when I'm betrayed? Well, he was about two.  That previous night, I didn't have any sleep, but I stayed up with adrenaline and did enjoy my free day by working really hard. I sent the kids to kindergarten and first focused on the formal arrangements. I contacted a lawyer and started the divorce process. I made sure I wouldn't be wasting my time with this parasite longer than I had to. I have to add that I like to be organized, sometimes obsessively so. But in this case, it was a great advantage as he wouldn't suspect anything if I neatly organized all essentials for me and the boys for a short trip to my sister.  I deliberately looked for and found the ugliest screenshot that I could find of the already married cheating woman and uploaded it onto his socials. I left a caption with the picture saying he was promoting her as his new side chick. I also changed his profile picture to one of the woman surrounded by hearts and a nice Christmas themed mistletoe emoji just for good measure. Their so-called relationship seemed open to me as she said it had been two years so I changed the relationship status to open. I did it swift and cold. I turned the ringer to silent for the inevitable incoming calls and changed his password to lock him out of his phone. I then placed it back by his bedside as he slept and left a note in his car that said he needed to find a new place to live. I also left the business card of my divorce attorney attached to the note. Act all of our kids' belongings up in case I needed to go to my sister, took them to kindergarten and went to work, where I waited. At work, I imagine how it all would play out. Him waking up and finding himself locked out of his phone, disrupting his daily routine of sharing words with his affair partner. Only to run to his car, to see the notes I had left him. It brought me great joy to know that he would be forced to go to our neighbor's house and ask to borrow their phone where he would call me up and either apologize or most probably demand the password. And when he did, I could only give him the hint. You already know what the password is. As I'm sharing my story with you, I wanna tell you that I continued with this genius word play to play with the situation he was in. But I didn't, I couldn't say anything more before hanging up. When he replied with my name and asked what I'm doing, I just froze. As reality hit me, I'm in the same situation as are our boys, our kids. What do I tell them?  In the end, the pieces sort of fell into their place during the weeks to months after. My ex-husband didn't stay at our house, so we didn't need to move out. I guess he stayed with the cheating wife, as some days after the incident, the husband of the cheating woman would ask for more details on the sorted affair and if I could provide him with proof. He seemed like a good man in the way he approached me. He was very respectful towards me and even apologized for his ex-wife. He politely offered to keep contact if I ever had any questions from his side and I did the same, but we never spoke again after this time. During that one conversation, I learned they had no children together. He worked in IT and had to go abroad a lot for the company he shared with his brother. He said that he did all he could to give her the good life. She didn't work a steady job, but he supported her dream to become an influencer on health products. I can't name the product here, but it looks like a famous pyramid scheme to me, so good luck with that honey. He gave up on having children because she had always despised them. Last month, I've heard through the friendly grapevine that she's pregnant but single. Good luck with that too. The revenge I had planned out had abruptly stopped the affair that plagued two marriages for two whole years. One of 14 years with kids involved. For the fallout affecting our kids, it shouldn't. Other than his cheating broke our family unit. I don't plan on telling them about this anytime soon. They will find out when they are old enough. Till that time, their parents just didn't work out. I want them to grow up loving their dad. They shouldn't be hurt by this any more than already. The socials part shouldn't be a factor either, as we currently don't live anywhere near the place we lived and within that social community. I'm not proud of what I did, but even if it was purely emotional when I did it, I'm glad I got it over with. We're on good terms now and share custody. I moved on and met someone who is great with the kids. The cheating couple from Paradise went on their vacation the year after. Couldn't keep their relationship going for a month before they went their separate ways. When I was still single, he tried to get back with me multiple times when picking the kids up, bringing flowers or apologizing with promises to try again for the kids. How intoxicated he was by the manipulation of that evil woman and that he had no chance. There's simply no way, weakling. Yes, I chose him to be the dad of my children and we brought two beautiful things in the world, but I'm only able to talk to him if it's directly about the kids. His life seems to be way less comfy than it used to be when we were together and listening to the stories my kids tell me when they get back from their dad, there's so much childish drama in his life that I don't recognize the man he once was. It's been years now. I hope he finds someone steady. If not, he can still try acting or selling health products online in a pyramid scheme. Also, I would like to add that I shared my story with Royal AI directly, as I'm an enjoyer of his videos and it made me think of sharing my story. I will not go into debt in the comment section as he asked me because my kids still don't know their dad cheated and I don't wanna get into it much further. I want you all to know that I'm in a great place now and so are my kids. I will read the comments though, so thank you in advance. I started dating a girl about seven years ago. When we met, she was getting up on her feet and trying to find her way in life. I let my imagination take over and started envisioning her potential and what kind of life we would have together. I had the feeling of punch-drunk love for her and that probably clouded my judgment. Throughout our time together, she would reach out and ask for money for things, like repairing a car, paying a bill, et cetera. We were getting closer the longer we dated and I would always help her, assuming that I was making an investment in both of our lives by helping her through a period of instability. In all, I probably gave her about $15,000. After about four years of this, I finally popped the question. She accepted and we were married after a brief engagement. About six months into our marriage, she told me she had been having car trouble and needed about $2,000 for the repair. This struck me as a bit odd. By that time, I was more than familiar with her vehicle and knew her explanation for what the issue was, didn't make sense. One evening after she went to sleep, I went and had a look at the part of the car she had said was faulty. I found that there was no issue. This set off alarms. I grabbed her phone and, on a hunch, typed in the amount she had asked for. There it was, a text message with a guy who looked familiar. It was a guy she had previously dated. Apparently he had reached out and asked for help repairing his car, and lo and behold, he had asked for the same amount she had requested from me. My stomach turned as the thought entered my mind that maybe I had subsidized other expenses that this guy had. Across the time I had dated my wife.  I had spent my entire relationship as a proxy sugar daddy. I thought on this for a few weeks and tried to figure out what to do next. These sacrifices were not insignificant to me. I had been working as a surgical resident for much of our courtship, making very little money and working long hours to form a strong, solid foundation for our future. This was devastating, and I realized that I couldn't reconcile the situation. Once I had cooled down, I waited for an evening my wife went to bed early, and I got into her phone. I caught up on the most recent messages she and her paramour had sent one another. Then I initiated a conversation with him. I posed as her and told him she had been drinking, she is a recovering alcoholic, and that she needed to get some things off her chest. I didn't go overboard, but I did send messages to the effect that she was not over him, and that her affections had grown since marrying me. I buttered him up to move in for a relationship with her. I then abruptly ended the chat and asked that we not talk about the conversation again in order to avoid furthering her relapse, but that we both keep in mind what we had spoken about and see if we could make a life together work. I then deleted the texts from her phone and hoped the two would proceed forward together. They did. I kept an eye on the texts for the next few months, and progressively saw things heat up between them until it looked like she was committed to leaving me. We didn't have many assets together at the time, as I was still finishing a surgical residency, so I knew the divorce would be quick and painless and that we would go our separate ways. And it would be great if she would start a new life with the underachieving guy who has been a parasite to my funds. So I filed for divorce and had her served papers. I was generous with the $10,000 in assets between us in order to make the split as quick as possible and went on our ways to begin life anew. And you'd think that is the end of the story, right? Oh no, friend, you see, mama didn't raise a simp. In our state, not only are assets separated upon marital severance, but so are debts. And did you know, medical school is extremely expensive, like really expensive, a quarter of a million dollars expensive. So my dear cheating wife ended up with a parting gift of about $125,000 of my student loans. And guess who she shotgun married two months after our divorce? Fortunately for her, she'll only have to pay half of that amount because if history does indeed repeat itself, he'll be paying the other half once their marriage ends as well. It was all I could do to not send them a piggy bank as a wedding gift. Best $15,000 I ever spent. The following story is told from a female's perspective. I only have one rule when dating. And that rule is something I take quite seriously. It's more a personal rule than anything religious. So I was living in a small Muslim country at this time.  I met this guy, let's call him Amir. He is Muslim, but doesn't follow the religion that much. We met through a friend of a friend or something like that. He drove a nice sports car of that time, a Nissan Sylvia S15. Coincidentally, he also played badminton with my uncle. So I thought all was well and good a couple months into our romantic fairy tale until one of my friends found something out and told me.  Of course, me being the romantic and dumbass, I had already fallen hard for this guy. So when I heard this new bit of information, it sent my head for a spin. I was angry, heartbroken, embarrassed that I was showing him off around town, all that. That same afternoon, I received a phone call from his fiance. I explained to her that I had no idea he was engaged and to my surprise, she didn't seem too upset or even mad at me. Apparently, this is the third time he's done this to her and this girl kept taking him back. I thought, she's the type of girl that would keep forgiving a guy like him and will be used as a doormat. And he's the type of guy that's not willing to learn and doesn't even care. What about me? If she chooses to accept his cheating, it doesn't mean I have to. He broke my trust and my only rule. So you can judge me if you want, but I felt it was justified and chose to set up a plan. I called him and kept my cool by acting as my usual chipper self. I asked to meet up with him that evening and that I had a special surprise, just for him. Amir agreed to meet up. After this, I called the fiance and asked if she would be willing to meet up in person and talk about the situation. When she agreed, I made sure to pick her up shortly before I would be meeting with him. I picked her up at the location where she was at. We talked in the car and the awkward tension traded places with a common goal. She was okay with meeting up with Amir together. So we went to the location Amir would meet me and when we got there, I waited outside of the car while she stayed inside. When he arrived some parking spaces away, I walked towards him while unleashing the truth on him. I told him I knew he was engaged. As expected, he didn't really care and didn't deny it. His attitude was more like, he couldn't be bothered with it. I told him that he didn't come for nothing and that he's still getting the surprise I promised him.  I told him, go get your surprise, it's in the car. He walked towards the car and when he looked in, she clicked the door open. Bamboozled, fight or flight kicks in. Of course, he takes of running towards his car, but I blocked him by standing between him and his car door. She gets out of the car and takes the discussion to a whole new level by unleashing a bigger storm on him. They proceeded to get into a huge fight and I get to watch it unfold. Apparently, this girl is more than just his innocent Dormat fiance. She was his golden nugget, as she paid for his car, his phone and all their combined expenses. While arguing, she cries and walked towards him to take his phone from him. Then proceeds to walk towards the car in a way you can definitely tell, she's the one paying for it. She opens the trunk and grabs some stuff, I don't know what it was. She's intensely angry and sad, he starts wimpy crying. I was just enjoying the show. Once it was all over, she was in my car again and told me to bring her home. This woman was not the Dormat I expected her to be. I agreed to bring her home and asked her to give me the directions to her house. I added that I wasn't done with Amir yet. She didn't react as she didn't care, but when she gave me the address of her home, she told me that her home is Amir's address. Apparently, she was living there with him and his family, which is normal where we're from. And even better for me. When we arrived at his place, the mom opened the door and saw the fiance crying and asked what was wrong. The fiance was kind of hysterically crying, so the mom started crying too. Amongst the tears, she asked me. Who are you? I said, hi, I'm pregnant with your son's baby. Enter more tears and hysterical emotions. We went inside and I sat at the table as more family members started to roll in. The dad was sullen and kept apologizing as he knew my family, and the mom was sobbing with the fiance. Finally, he came home, absolutely shocked to see me there. He didn't try to run this time. He just sat down and took the heat.  More crying ensued, anger turned into rage, and it was solely aimed towards Amir. His dad then got up, disowned his son and apologized again, saying he didn't raise his kid to be like this. By this time, I had probably been there for at least an hour and was getting bored, so I decided to leave. As I was leaving, through tears, he asked me, why are you doing this? And I replied, I told you in the beginning, I have one rule, and if you break it, you'll regret it. I saw them about four years later at the mall, and they were back together. Hopefully he never cheated again. About the baby, turned out, I was just constipated. This happened almost 10 years ago, so even if dots get connected, I know I'm safe within the laws of my country. This didn't actually happen to me, but I'm the one who carried out the revenge. My last year of middle school, I introduced my best friend, whom I'm gonna call Lily, to one of my arts classmates, who I'm gonna call Crappy. They dated for around seven years, all through high school and university, until she found out right after graduation. Crappy had been cheating on her with his classmate from university. Her name was Michelle. Lily and Crappy took language lessons at a small school next to a big shopping mall, and after their breakup, I went there with her so she could cancel her classes. I'd been giving her grand speeches about how Karma would take care of teaching him a lesson, all to help her feel better. After being done with cancellation fees, papers and all, we went into the mall for a feel better dessert. But we never expected how that would unfold. Guess who was there at the food court? Crappy, who spotted me and Lily right away, and he was there with Michelle, who looked as white as a ghost. Crappy literally dragged Michelle towards us. She and Lily were both frozen because, well, could you imagine someone would actually do this? He forced Michelle, who clearly wanted to be anywhere but there, to greet Lily. He then asked Lily, are you seriously not gonna talk to me? All the while with a disgusting grin. I pulled Lily from there without a word. We left the mall, walked to the bus stop, all in silence. After I had digested what had just happened, I told Lily, you know what I said about life? Forget it, it's gonna take too long. I know what I did afterwards was questionable, and only later would I realize how catastrophic it could have been. Lily still had access to Crappy's accounts, but so did he to hers. As soon as we got home, she'd been staying with me since the breakup. I made her change all her passwords and asked her for his emails. That's all I wanted. In our country, WhatsApp is the most used social media, and we often set it to back up daily into our Google Drive or Gmail. Crappy had his backup on Gmail. I started going through two years worth of conversation with Michelle, complete with pics and audio files, and took out the most interesting parts, such as them talking about sexy time in the restrooms and emergency exit at Crappy's work during his shift, bragging about how they blinded their significant others while having their escapades. Yes, you heard that right, she also was in a relationship. But it was even worse from her side, because as it turns out, Michelle was married. Now, I was going to send the clippings of Doom to Crappy's family. Did I mention he was their golden boy, but I got a better idea after learning how deep their betrayal actually went. So I tracked down Crappy's boss on LinkedIn, got his work email, found Michelle's husband online, and, using a throwaway account, sent them the present. Heard through the grapevine Crappy got fired, but cried, literally, for a second chance, and was on probation at work already. So one more Crappy move from Crappy and buh-bye. Not the outcome that I wanted, but I'll take it. And it will help healing my friend Lily. Fast forward a few months, I was talking to my cousin and she was telling me about how her fiance's colleague was traveling all over the world, and he recently posted some pictures at a bar made of ice, and she wanted to travel there too. She showed me the picture the guy had posted. Lo and behold, traveling colleague was Michelle's ex-husband, Rick. I asked her how she knew Rick, and she told me he was her fiance's friend and work colleague. I didn't tell her about my shenanigans, only said Rick's ex-wife and my best friend's ex had cheated on her. And inconspicuously, I hope, asked my cousin how Rick was, how it must have been a sad breakup for him. And DID, she spilled the tea. So, Michelle had introduced Rick to Crappy during her graduation ceremony a few weeks before I sent the present, saying, Look darling, this is the friend, who helped me with my graduation project. Rick had allowed Crappy and Michelle to use his computer at home for said project. Turns out they were sexy timing in his home while he was working tirelessly to pay for her sorry one. And imagine this, she actually made him shake hands with her lover. Rick was a programmer, Michelle was from the countryside, and she'd been living in the city with him for a few years. Rick wasn't only working a lucrative sector, he was a very hard worker indeed, so he had an awesome salary. He paid for everything, so Michelle could focus on her studies and finishing university. But one day, he received some evidence his wife was cheating on him, with the guy he'd shaken hands with. The same guy he allowed to use his computer in his house to help his wife do her graduation project. At this moment, he knew that the guy was not helping by doing some project, but actually doing something else, like his lovely wife. Rick got her graduation dress, threw it in the flames of the fireplace, shoved her into the car, drove all the way to her family's home on the countryside. Reportedly, took her into her parents' house and made her tell her mother and father what she'd been doing. I've heard that the way he was doing this was excessive.  As far as I know, last I checked was five years ago, they were still not in contact. Rick threw her out of his house, she moved in with Crappy's family. And Rick, now with his salary and being free of his cheating ex, was living La Vita Loka, going to ice bars in neighboring countries. I have to admit, when I did what I did, I was feeling desperate. I didn't intend for it to go as far as it did. Had Rick been 1% matter, he could have done worse things than only throwing her dress into the fire. Her father could have passed after my interference. I didn't calculate how Rick could react at all. I called Lily, told her all about it, lost my sleep over it for weeks. I even considered confessing to what I did. Lily asked me to let it go, what was done was done. She asked me to take this as a lesson and let life run its course the next time, as I'd initially said it would. I'm not proud of it, and even though I don't lose sleep over it anymore, I still feel somewhat guilty. Confessing here is kind of cathartic though. I don't know how to react for others, but both Crappy and Michelle got what they deserved. I always felt like Crappy deserved worse than he got, but it was Michelle who drew the shorter straw. She actually made her husband shake hands with Crappy though. This could have ended way worse. All you did was provide evidence of cheating. How people react to that is on them, not you. The only way it could possibly be your fault is if you knew they could react in a bad way and fake the evidence to force them into an action. Panicking about all the possible could-haves isn't helpful either. It will just lock you into an endless cycle of being paralyzed by the worst case scenario. It's fine to worry about the most common or obvious could-haves, but don't go too far. Her cheating cost her dad's mini-stroke, not you. And sure Crappy got his too, but you were only updated on one side of the story. 10 out of 10, you're a ride or die friend. I caught my wife cheating on me with some other guy, whom she met at the gym. I had built the house we lived in from the ground up and was smart enough to have bought and installed a surveillance system that not only covered the entire yard, but the inside of the house as well. The system included HD video, audio recording, and even came with night vision. I did not tell her about the system and she never suspected that she was being watched inside the house. I caught her calling the guy and giving him our address and inviting him over to sexy time, in her own words. Everything was caught on camera with audio to boot and I made sure to make extra copies and save them as evidence. The next day, she went to work as if nothing happened. I left for work as I normally do, but once I was away from the house, I called my boss and told them I was taking a few days off. I've been with this company for over 12 years and was good friends with the owner, so he had no problem with me taking time off. This is when I initiated my plan. The first thing I did was to call all her credit cards and cancel them. Since I paid for everything and they were in my name, I had no problem getting those canceled. The next thing I did was to take the money from our joint checking account out to put it into my own personal checking account. I then collected all of her clothes, jewelry, shoes, et cetera, and stuffed them into garbage bags and tossed them into my truck. I had a couple of buddies meet me that morning at the house to help me out. I also changed the codes to get into the house, locking her out. We finished loading everything into my truck and one of my buddies' trucks and left the house. The first stop was at her job, where I used the extra key to her car to get in and drive it away back to my house while my buddy followed in my truck. The car was in my name and I was not going to let her have it.  I explained to her mom and sister what she did and that it was over and I didn't want her in my house anymore. It took about 20 minutes after leaving her mom's house before I got the first phone call from my now ex. I ignored her phone calls until about call number 10. By this point, she was screaming at the top of her lungs about her stuff being dumped at her mom's house. She demanded an explanation and started threatening to call the police. I laughed and sent her proof that was caught on the home surveillance camera. The crap really hit the fan when she got off work and discovered that her car was no longer there. She had to have her mom pay for an Uber to carry her back home since none of her credit cards worked and her debit card was useless. I continued to receive regular phone calls for the next three to four days, which I ignored. I kept her car in the garage where it sits to this day. I've driven it a grand total of twice and I am thinking of selling it once it's paid off. She never bothered coming back to the house. I've heard that she had a lot of blowback from her family regarding her extracurricular activities. She was forced to get a full-time job to make ends meet since she was only working part-time when she was living with me. I have since moved on and dated a couple of times, but I'm holding off getting into something serious until I can find somebody I can truly trust. Subscribe for future uploads and show your vengeful devotion by tickling the like button without mercy. Thank you, I appreciate you because you stayed till the end, which means you're the one I make these episodes for. I hope you all had a great Christmas and I wish you the best for next year. Let's make it an awesome year together. Take care, Royal. Remember that these stories are shared for your entertainment. This content is to be taken as such and nothing else. Royal AI, rejects advocation or instigation of illegal actions.


Good evening aspirants. Welcome to the Hindu newspaper analysis brought you by Shankar IAS Academy for the date 12th of February 2022 displayed here are the list of news articles that I have chosen for today's discussion See as I assured you today also there is an economic topic and it is very important for your prelims. Okay Now without wasting much time. Let's get into our discussion Look at this news article see this news article reports about the Supreme Court's decision to examine a habeas corpus You might be wondering why this is in news This is because the habeas corpus was filed by children of a Pakistani national See according to the article they claim that their father has been held indefinitely for the past seven years and The Supreme Court has now decided to examine this habeas corpus petition So in this background, let us understand what is this habeas corpus as well as let us see what is Rit and who provides the Rit as you all know the purpose of fundamental rights is to promote the idea of Political democracy they serve as checks on the executives authoritarianism and the legislatures and just laws They are justiciable in nature, which means that they can be enforced by the courts if they are Violated see for the restoration of his or her rights The offended person can go straight to the Supreme Court and they can issue orders or Rits Which include habeas corpus mandamus prohibitions, satirary and cure warrant to here a Rit means a formal or legal Document that directs a person or entity to carry out or refrain from carrying out a particular action or activity So what they are meaning is by this Rit petition either you can say a person to do his work Or you can restrain from doing the duty, okay? So the Supreme Court under article 32 and the high courts under article 226 can issue the Rits of habeas corpus mandamus prohibitions, satirary and cure warrant okay Now let me tell you few important facts, which is very much useful for your problems Okay, see the territorial jurisdiction of the Supreme Court for the purpose of issuing Rits are wider than that of a high court Why because Supreme Court can issue Rits against a person or government throughout the territory of India Also note that the Supreme Court cannot refuse any Rit petition See the Supreme Court is a guarantor or defender of the fundamental rights of the citizens And it is clearly mentioned in article 32 that Supreme Court should provide the constitutional remedy See this article 32 comes under part three of the Indian Constitution, which is nothing but a fundamental right Am I right? So the Supreme Court cannot refuse a Rit petition Also, it has wider territorial jurisdiction, okay? Now let us have a very brief discussion of each Rits before seeing about habeas corpus in detail Firstly take habeas corpus It means to have the body of it is filed to seek relief from the unlawful Detention of herself or himself or of another person see the court examines the cause and Legality of detention This Rit is a guardian of individual liberty against arbitrary detention See it can be issued against both public authorities and private individuals Now secondly take mandamus. It means we command It is a command issued by the court to a public official Asking her to perform the official duties that she has refused or failed to perform See it can be issued against any public body Corporation inferior court tribunal or government But remember this Rit cannot be issued against a private individual or private body And also it cannot be issued against the president of India or the state governors, etc. Okay? Thirdly, let us see about prohibition. See it means to forbid it is issued by a high court to a lower court or tribunal in order to prevent the lower court or the tribunal from Exceeding its jurisdiction or taking over a jurisdiction that it does not possess So mandamus directs activity, but prohibition directs in activity. Okay? Next let us see about certiorary It means to be certified or informed. See it is issued by a higher court to a lower court or tribunal and it is issued either to transfer a case Pending to a high court or to squash the order of the lower court or tribunal in a case See it is issued on the grounds of excess of jurisdiction or lack of jurisdiction or error of law So prohibition is only preventive, but certiorary is both preventive as well as curative. Am I right? Yes Now let us move on to the last Rit that is cure warrant. See it means by ward authority or warrant It is issued by the court to inquire into the Legality of climb of a person to a public office Hence it prevents illegal reception of Public office by a person So now we have seen all the Rits in a very brief manner. Now. We'll specifically talk about habeas corpus See it is a Latin term which literally means to have the body of see it is an order Issued by the court to a person who has been detained by another person If this order is issued then the person must produce the body of the detained person before the court After producing the person the court then examines the cause and legality of detention If the detention is found to be illegal then the detained person would be set free So in simple terms this Rit is a Bulwark of individual liberty against arbitrary detention Okay See so far we saw what is habeas corpus and who can issue it and we also saw against whom all it can be issued Now we'll see when all this Rit cannot be issued See habeas corpus is not issued in the following cases firstly when the detention is lawful Secondly when the proceeding is for contempt of a legislature or a court and thirdly if the detention is by a Component to court and lastly if the detention is outside the jurisdiction of the court Now the question here is can a foreign national file habeas corpus RIT petition in courts of India Because in today's news article we saw that the children of a Pakistani national has filed a habeas corpus play Am I right? So let me clarify this doubt for you. See there are two types of fundamental rights one Exclusively to the citizens of India for example, you can say article 19 Whereas few others are guaranteed to all person Irrespective of whether they are the citizen or foreigners or foreign nationals for example, you can say article 21 see if article 21 is guaranteed to a foreign national then definitely such a foreigner Would be in a position to file a RIT petition either in Supreme Court or High Court for enforcement of his or her fundamental right So here what actually matters is whether the right is Guaranteed to the foreign national or not if it is guaranteed to them then they can go for a remedy when it is Violated see for example if a person is detained under article 19 Which is guaranteed only to the citizen of India and if the person is an Indian national He or she can directly approach the court under article 32 But if the person is a foreigner then they cannot climb the right in their article 32 or article 226 So now I hope you can understand the difference So if the right is comfort to both Indian citizens and the foreign nationals then they both can climb for the Constitutional remedy, but if the right is comfort only to the Indian citizens then only if it is violated for them They can go for a constitutional remedy. Okay, so that's all about this article Now with these key points in mind, let us move on to the next article discussion. Okay Now look at these news articles They talk about the recently held 4th quad ministerial meeting in Melbourne See before getting into the news article, just have a look at the question that I have displayed here It is from UPSC mains layer 2020. It is a question regarding quad I have displayed this question to show you how much important this topic is for UPSC mains Also, you can utilize the points that I am going to discuss for addressing this question. Okay Now, let's get into our discussion. See in the fourth quad ministerial meeting The leaders resolved to speed up delivery of more than a billion COVID-19 Vaccines that is to be manufactured in India See, they also decided to hold a special meet on climate change this year And as I show the desire to step up efforts to ensure Maritime security in the region the region here being the Indo-Pacific While mentioning about maritime security and the group's commitment to ensure a free and open Indo-Pacific They also made a reference to China's action in the South and East China seas See the joint statement did not explicitly mention China But instead the statement mentioned that the quad countries will strive to protect the interest of their people That is freeing them from coercion in the Indo-Pacific region This is the first time the quad countries talked about countries using the territory under their control to launch terror attack See the joint statement after the meeting mentioned that the group condemned the cross border terrorist attacks in India Including the 26 by 11 Mumbai and Patan court attacks The statement also mentioned bringing the perpetrators of such attacks to justice The statement of the quad must be viewed in relation to the recent China-Pakistan joint statement on Kashmir See recently Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan visited China. Am I right? After that meeting with his Chinese counterpart Zee They released a statement saying that Unilateral actions by India are complicating the Kashmir issue See quad talking about cross border terrorism Immediately after China-Pakistan joint statement of Kashmir Looks like India sending a strong message through quad to Pakistan See these statements and commitments shows that there is a strong cooperation and cohesion among the quad members But all was not well in the meeting. There was also some disagreement mainly in the case of Myanmar and Ukraine issue In the case of Myanmar while all the countries supported the sanctions and to stop arms trade India took a different stand See our external affairs minister stated that India does not follow the policy of national sanctions He said India's action with respect to Myanmar will be guided by cross border concerns Like insurgencies, covid infections and concerns of a humanitarian situation The humanitarian situation could arise from food shortages Okay Similarly regarding the current Ukraine issue while the US, Japan and Australia were critical of the reason Built up of Russian troops along the Ukraine border India took a different path See our external affairs minister explained that the quad meeting must focus on the Indo-Pacific region Finally plans were also announced for the quad summit between Prime Minister Narendra Modi, US President Joe Biden Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison and Japanese Prime Minister Fumishio Kashida This was in Tokyo and it will be in the first half of 2022 See these are some important points from these news articles Now in this context, let us see basics about quad, like its origin, vision and mission Along with this we will discuss the importance of quad to India First, let us see the origin of quad See quad is an informal strategic forum As we know the members of quad include India, Japan, Australia and the United States of America See all these countries are maritime democracies The group met for the first time in 2007 on the sidelines of the asian That is association of Southeast Asian nations In 2007 there was no formal name given But the idea was mooted by Japanese President Shinzo Abe See there was pressure from China and the Australian government to prevent it from joining quad Again in 2012 President Shinzo Abe gave impetus to the idea He emphasized the idea of Asia's democratic security diamond Comprising the US, Japan, India and Australia Finally in 2017 during the asian summits in Manila All four former members led by Abe Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the US President Donald Trump Agreed to revive the quadrilateral alliance in order to safeguard the maritime commons from the Indian ocean to the western Pacific See they aimed to ensure free and open trade that might be threatened due to the Chinese excess So this is how quad came into being Now let's see the main objective of the quad See the main objective of the quad is to secure a rules-based global order Then it also ensures freedom of navigation Then it also has an objective for providing freedom of navigation and the liberal trading system Although these are the main objectives of quad through the subsequent meetings the objective of quad has widened See the leaders now exchange views on contemporary global issues critical and emerging technologies connectivity and infrastructure Cyber security maritime security And even about humanitarian assistance disaster relief and climate change See not only this they also share their views about pandemic and education So quad is evolving as it moves forward Now having seen the origin and the objectives of quad now, let us see the importance of quad for India Firstly, it is useful for countering china See most chinese trade happens through the indian ocean these trade routes pass through checkpoints If china joins hands with pakistan and makes an aggressive poster along the Himalayas India can work with the quad and counter it india indian ocean and the pacific ocean In 2020 with australia joining the malabar exercise the alliance between the quad members has only got stronger Secondly, this quad is useful for india in order to widen cooperation See in march 2021 us president joe bedan hosted the first ever summit of the quad leaders in a virtual format After the submit a joint statement was released titled the spirit of quad The statement highlighted the widening scope of the quad grouping See the statement reiterated its commitment to free and open indopacific What does this free and open indopacific mean? See it means that the members are committed to rule of law freedom of navigation and overflight Also, they are committed to peaceful resolution of disputes democratic values and territorial integrity It even mentioned the shared challenge of climate change Even in today's news article we saw that they decided to hold a special meeting for climate change And they have decided as they have decided to have a special meeting for climate change in this year See india is aiming to achieve net zero emissions by 2070. Am i right? So for this our government is giving huge impetus to renewable energy and electric mobility So by working with the quad numbers india can give necessary finances and technology to achieve our climate goals See the spirit of quad document also talked about cyberspace and security and critical technology We know that india is rapidly digitizing. See cyber security issues are the natural by-product of this digitization For this india can work with quad countries and learn industry-based practices to ensure cyber security Talking about critical technology See here critical technology can be any current in emerging technology Which has the capacity to significantly enhance our national interest In the technology-driven world Cooperation between countries in developing critical technologies is the need of the r and india can benefit a lot by cooperating with quad in this sphere The document also mentions quality infrastructure investment See this is the area of huge importance with the rapidly changing climate with the climate change We must build strong resilient and quality infrastructure Although we are taking steps to mitigate climate change building good infrastructure is a strong adaptation measure See if you look at the history of quad they have cooperated right from the time of 2004 tsunami though in an informal manner So they already cooperated in disaster relief and rehabilitation Now after the spirit of quad document they work together and build better infrastructure Countries will adapt to climate change The document also mentions about enabling equitable vaccine access for the Indo-Pacific India with its strong pharmacotical product capacity can play a part in it See the quad countries can help India develop technologies while India can boost production and supply So that the countries can be supplied with cheap and quality pharmacotical products See many points that we discussed now can be used to address the question that I Displayed during the very beginning of our discussion So we can understand that the widening scope of quad in recent times indicates that quad is moving away from its tag of military alliance See first of all none of the quad countries accept quad as a military agreement It is just a Chinese propaganda that keeps tagging quad as the asian natto See recently in july 2021 when the u.s. Secretary of state visited India He said that quad is not a military alliance rather its purpose is to advance cooperation on regional challenges While reinforcing international rules and values And India is also of the same view and with the recent emergence of a uk us Quad should not be called a military alliance So to conclude as stated in the spirit of quad document the quad must keep expanding its role to realize its greater potential See it should establish an arc of democracy to maintain rule based non discriminatory order in the Indo-Pacific region That's all about this article. So we discussed about quad in a very detailed manner And as I said quad is an important topic under mains. So utilize these points to enrich your mains answers Okay, now with these key points in mind. Let's move on to the next article discussion Have a look at this news article. See this news article talks about the index of industrial production See before going into the crux of the news article look at the question that I have displayed here It is from 2012 up as the prelims. Okay, it is about the index of industrial production that we are going to discuss today Okay, this topic is very much relevant in order to show you that I have displayed the prelims question. Okay Now, let's go into the article According to the official estimates for the index of industrial production. That is IAP India's industrial recovery slowed dramatically in december See the output is rising only 0.4 percent on a year on year basis and the manufacturing activity is falling at 0.1 percent So in this context, no we look into IAP in a prelims perspective See index of industrial production or IAP is one of the prime indicators of the economic development It is nothing but a composite indicator. So this measures the short term changes in the volume of production So this volume of production is for a basket of industrial products And it is done during a given period with respect to that in a chosen base period See it indicates the relative change of physical production in the field of industries during a specified year as compared to a base year Note each and every word that I said now. Let me explain you further See there will be a chosen base period to compare this base period is nothing but a reference year And with this as reference we will calculate the increase or decrease in the volume of production for the upcoming years Currently the IAP figures are calculated considering 2011 to 2012 as a base year Okay, then it is calculated for a short term period That is the index is computed for a month and released on a monthly basis Then it actually measures the changes in the volume of production of a basket of industrial products in that one month Okay, so who computes and releases it see the IAP is Computed and published by the central statistical organization. That is CSO So to sum up this index gives the growth rates of different industry groups of the economy over a specified time period See the industry groups that it measures are classified as Firstly on broad sectors namely mining manufacturing and electricity And secondly on the basis of use based sectors as basic goods capital goods and intermediate goods Okay Now on this IAP The eight core industries of India represent nearly 40 percent of the weight of items Okay, so this is very much important So let us see what are all those eight core sectors or industries The first one is electricity second one steel Next is refinery products for the screwed oil fifth is coal sixth one is cement Seven is natural gas and the last one is fertilizers Okay, so now what are all the uses of these IAP data? The IAP is used by various government agencies such as a ministry of finance The reserve bank of India that is RBI then even private firms and analysts use these data Apart from this the data is also used to compile the gross value added that is gva Of the manufacturing sector in the gross domestic product on a quarterly basis See that's all about this article. So we have made a brief analysis of what is Index of industrial production, which is very much useful for our prelims perspective. Okay Now with these key points in mind, let's move on to the next article discussion Now look at this news article. This article is talking about the cyber threats See in this article the author is saying that the nations and institutions should prepare themselves for a rash of cyber strikes See he's saying that they should not wait for a big bank cyber attack See today, we are not going to discuss about this article Instead a detailed analysis of what is cyber threat and what are all the measures India has taken and what is the position of India To face the cyber threat is all covered in two of our Hindu news analysis video One is on March 6th, 2021 and the other is on March 15, 2021 The link for both the videos I'll give it for you in the description box Kindly make use of it to know about what is a cyber threat and how far cyber security should be strengthened to face any kind of cyber threat See, this is a very important topic for both prelims as well as mains So aspirants do watch both the videos and take a note of what are all the important points discussed in that video And it will be very useful for your preparation Okay, now let's move on to the next article discussion Now look at this last news article See this news article mentions about one of the biggest tribal events in the state of Telangana It is none other than the Samakasaralama Jatara See according to the article the state government is expecting over 1 crore pilgrims to the Samakasaralama Jatara at Medaram See this festival is also known as Medaram Jatara and the Medaram is a district in Telangana So in this background, let us briefly go through the festival and why it is celebrated and its cultural significance Now let's start our discussion See it is a major tribal festival held every two years to honor the twin goddess who are Samaka and Saraka This will be held for four days It starts by arrival of the goddess to the gaudilu in Medaram and ends by their vanaprivation What is meant by that? It is entry into the forest See this event commemorates the battle between a mother and daughter and the ruling kings over an unfair law Who are the mother and daughter? They are Samaka and Saralama See until 1955 about 2000 people used to visit Medaram Of which the majority that is 1500 belongings to the Koya tribe But now a large number of non-Koya people that is approximately 1.3 crore visits Medaram And the Koya people comprises only two percent of the total worshipers And this fair is also believed to be the world's largest annual gatherings of the tribal communities See many tribal devotees from different states of India reached the festive place to celebrate the Jatara And it is believed that after Kumbh Mela, it is Medaram Jatara which attracts the largest number of devotees in the country See as a proof of this you can see that the estimated people who gathered in the year 2018 was 10 million And it is celebrated in Medaram at a time when it is believed that the goddess of the tribals visit them See the rituals related to the goddesses are entirely conducted by the Koya tri priests in accordance with Koya customs and traditions The most important ritual is that during the festival people offer bangaram or gold of a quantity which is equal to the weight of the goddesses See they also take holy bath in the Jampanavago which is a stream and it is a tributary of river Godavari See note that this festival has no Vedic or Brahmanic influence And see this news article is significant because very recently we saw about Kumbh Mela Which comes under the intangible cultural heritage of humanity, which is listed under UNESCO Since a lot of people gather for this festival central government is likely to declare Medaram Samakasaraka or Medaram Samakasaralama Jatara as a national festival If that happens the jatara can be considered for intangible cultural heritage of humanity tag of UNESCO That is why this article is important. So with these key points in mind Now let's move on to the prelims practice question discussion. See look at this first question It is a two statement question. So we have to read both the statements to arrive at the answer Here the first statement is correct because the constitutional remedy is a fundamental right under Article 32. The second statement is also correct because the High Court has a discretionary power To accept or reject the red petition whereas Supreme Court has to compulsorily accept the red petition See now be careful. They are asking for incorrect statements and not correct statements So your answer here will be option C both 1 and 2 Now look at the second question. It is from 2012 UPSC prelims that we saw during the discussion So you can easily arrive at the answer if you had carefully followed the discussion Here the answer will be option C 1 2 3 and 4 only are among the eight core industries Textiles is not under the eight core industries. Okay Now let's see another question based on the index of industrial productions discussion See this is a two statement question. The first statement is incorrect Why because IAP is a short term measure of the physical volume of production of the industries and it is not long term Short term means it is on a monthly basis. Okay. So statement one is correct Now look at the second statement. It is correct because IAP reminds extremely relevant for the calculation of the Quarterly and advanced GDP estimates as it helps to compile the gross value added of the manufacturing sector See, this is also utilized by ministry of finance and rba also So the question here demands for correct statement Your answer will be option b 2 only is the correct statement Now look at the last question. It is about the samakasaralama jatara See the question here is samakasaralama jatara sometimes seen in the news refers to Option a tribal festival option b a program for promotion of breastfeeding Option c ancient water conservation technology an option d in a score world heritage site See we saw in our discussion that it is one of the major tribal festival So samakasaralama is a tribal festival your answer will be option a Displayed here are two mains practice questions. See one is from 2020 psc mains question Please go through both the questions and write your answers and post it in the comment section If you like this video do like share and comment and don't forget to subscribe to


South African 9-year-old boy who married a 62-year-old woman file for divorce. 9-year-old Saniya Masi Leela has become the world's youngest groom for the second time after remarrying the 62-year-old woman he tied the knot with last year.  The schoolboy says he did it to make the marriage official but other villagers in Zimbangwe in Bumalanga, South Africa describe it as sickening.  He said, My kids and I are happy because we don't have a problem with her marrying the boy, and I don't care what other people say. Both families claim the wedding is simply another ritual after Saniya was told by his dead ancestors to wed last year and his parents forked out 500 pounds for the bride and another 1000 pounds for the ceremony. But the schoolboy, the youngest of five children, wanted to follow South African tradition and insisted they have the second ceremony this week to make their marriage official. The young groom said he still hoped he would have a proper wedding to a woman his own age when he was older. He added, I told my mother that I wanted to get married because I really did want to. I'm happy that I married Helen, but I will go to school and study hard. When I'm older I will marry a lady my own age. I chose Helen because I love her and, although we don't live together all the time, we meet at the dumping site where my mother works regularly. Recycling worker Helen, who donned the same dress as last year, said, I'm very happy that the boy shows me and my family support and understand that it is part of making ancestors happy. One day Samely would grow normally and have family of his own and get married one day, all this ceremony is for making ancestors happy. We are playing.


We were just talking about how we want to see Aurora back in one of these games, and here she is in Overprive, asking ye shall receive, I guess.