Working and studying on room correction I realised that I did not cover our auditory system. This is quite handy to know before you start with placing speakers and doing room correction. So how do we hear direction, localisation, tonal balance and spaciousness? Our auditory system, our hearing, is an extremely sophisticated system, even more sophisticated than we thought, say, 10 years ago for things concerning the brain are complex to evaluate. For the cognitive process involved with hearing is still for the most part a mystery.  There's a microphone that picks up variations in air pressure caused by our voice. An analog signal is then converted into digital and sent to a computer in the cloud for interpretation. This interpretation is extremely complex and must require powerful computer systems, otherwise it would have been done inside your smartphone or computer. And this involves only interpreting content of spoken word and does not involve things like localisation and other spatial clues.  It can be split up into four parts, the external ear, the middle ear, the inner ear and the brain. Comparable with the microphone, the mic amp, the analog to digital converter and the processor. The external ear starts at a pinna or ear cup that reflects the perceived sound into the ear canal. This canal amplifies the mid frequencies. At the end of the canal the sound hits the eardrum. As said, this can be seen as the microphone or rather the front part of the microphone, the membrane. On the other side of the eardrum we find three small bones, hammer, anvil and stirrup. They work as an impedance converter, more or less like a gearbox of your car. And the last bone, the stirrup, touches an aperture called the oval window of the cochlea. The cavity of the middle ear is filled with air through a pressure equalising tube called the Eustachian tube. It limits the lowest frequency we can hear since air pressure changes, that is sound, slower than about 20 times per second, that's 20 Hz, will reach the front and the back of the eardrum at the same time. The front via the auditory canal and the rear through the Eustachian tube. It is there to prevent the eardrum to react on atmospheric pressure changes. If the Eustachian tube is partly or totally blocked, for instance due to a cold, you feel the change in atmospheric pressure when driving up a mountain or when you are in a plane that is changing altitude. So the middle ear is comparable to the vacuum tube of veteran sister amplifier in the condenser mics plus the pressure equalising hole omni-directional mics have for the same reason we have the Eustachian tube. The oval window is found at the beginning of a rolled up tube that is called the cochlea. It is approximately 35 mm long. The tube is divided into three parts by two membranes and one of the membranes contain the organ of corti which holds the nerve terminals in the form of small hairs. The tubes are filled with the fluid and when the oval window is excited by the stirrup pressure waves will travel through the fluid in the cochlea and so stimulating the nerve terminals. Each frequency stimulates nerve terminals at another spot in the cochlea. This makes them fire pulses to the brain. Although things are changing due to advanced scanners that can register brain activities in real time, most of what we know of our auditory system is still based on physical tests. Suppose that a balloon explodes in a room. The resulting bang consists of nothing more than changing air pressure a bit but not completely like waves that arise as a stone is thrown into the water. Hence we talk about sound waves. The first pressure change caused by the bursting of the balloon reaches our ears through a direct part between the balloon and our ears. We call this the direct sound. Then the sound is reflected by the walls and reaches our ears a little later. These are called early reflections.  We call these reflections reverberation. All this information is used by our brain to determine the nature of the sound source, the place where it is located, the space in which it occurs and the sound timbre. In the bathroom there is a direct short loud reverberation with a bright character due to the short part the reflected sound travels, the straight walls that offer no dispersion and the reflective nature of materials used in bathrooms to cover the walls. In a church there is a full long reverberation with a larger delay between the direct and reflected sound. Also the shape of the church is more irregular, causing deflection and thus reducing early reflections. Let's take a look at how that works. Our hearing triggers on signals with a steep rise. Percussive sounds like the slamming of a door, the bursting of a balloon or the sound of percussion, drums and so on. The pinner reflects the signal into the auditory canal using a direction dependent coloration. So sound coming from one direction is colored differently than the sound coming from another direction due to interference patterns. So the coloration is a directional clue. A second one is caused by the difference in arrival time between both ears. The third is the difference in loudness between both ears. Since the head is in between the sound source and the far ear, that ear will hear a lower level signal. The spectral balance will be different too since high frequencies are stopped by the head as where the low frequencies, due to their longer wavelength, don't.  The occurring changes are then used by our brain for extra information. The direct sound provides information about the direction from which the sound comes. Early reflections provide information about the location in space of the sound source and the distance between us, the sound source and the walls. While they can also blur the sound depending on the arrival time, length and density. The reverb that follows gives fullness to the sound. Due to the properties of our hearing, we want the early reflections to reach us after at least 5 milliseconds after the direct sound, otherwise they might merge with the direct sound and then cause coloration and errors in localization. 10 milliseconds or more is even better but not always realistic in a living room. Remember, sound travels 3.4 meters in 10 seconds. So if you have a speaker 1.7 meter of the wall behind the speaker, the reflected sound will be delayed by 10 milliseconds. By far not realistic in many living rooms on this side of the pond. Sounds that arrive 30 to 100 milliseconds after the direct sound will be seen as reverb. It will normally have a positive influence on the sound. Play music in an anechoic room and you will find it uninspiring, cold and non-immersive. Therefore you should be careful using absorbing materials in your room and rather use diffracting materials if possible. It might be clear that room acoustics play a key role in the sound quality of your stereo. If you, like me, have your stereo in the living room, in my case my setup one, you are limited to what you can do. Often the couch is against the wall, as with me. And that's not the best place since low frequencies hitting the wall will add up with the low frequencies reflected back from the wall. There is no real solution for that unless you want to sacrifice the sound in the rest of the room. The same goes for room modes that occur only on some spots in the room, although bass straps in corners might offer a solution, provided the aesthetics commission and the financial commission, often merged into one and the same significant other, agree. My solution is to place a chair at about two-thirds of the room away from the speakers when I want to seriously listen. I then use the parametric equalizers in room to cut problem frequencies when I'm on the couch and that's acceptable. The coming time I will investigate to what extent room correction offers agreeable solutions. But since acoustic problems are position bound, room correction will only work perfectly in a small area in the room. Over the coming period I will review several room correction solutions. And as always the equipment will cost a few hundred to max 2000 euros and no more. So if you are interested, subscribe to this channel or follow me on twitter, facebook or google plus. If you like this video, please consider supporting the channel through Patreon or Paypal. Any financial support is much appreciated, the links are in the comments. Help me to help even more people to enjoy music at home by telling your friends on the web about this channel. I am Hans Beekhuyzen, thank you for watching and see you in the next show or on theHBproject.com. And whatever you do, enjoy the music.


Great. Good morning everybody. My name is Nigel Topping. I was the UN climate change high-level champion for COP26 and it's a pleasure to welcome you all here as your moderator and to welcome you to a very practical conversation in a COP which is becoming increasingly practical, talking about real deployment targets and real money and real collaboration, both public and private. I think actually as a symbol of that picking up of the pace, one of the things you're going to hear about is lead IT 2.0. Lead IT was only formed four years ago and has already achieved its original mission so it's got to come up with a second mission. So we're going to hear more about that and in particular the industrial transition partnership between Sweden and India and just just one thought this lead IT collaboration led by Sweden India has really pioneered a new form of industrial international collaboration in Glasgow at the launch of the breakthrough agenda and now we'll hear more about mission innovation so that all of these international industrial collaborations which are identifying the challenges to just and equitable industrial transitions and then working together to remove the problems is a really exciting development in the overall choreography of the COP and that means sharing pathways, figuring out how to mobilise finance, public, private, a domestic and international and in particularly focusing on the both the local and the international just and equitable element local of course in terms of communities who maybe have to transition the nature of employment but internationally to make sure that technology sharing is accelerated so that the best technology is the cheapest technology everywhere in the world as quickly as possible. It's my great pleasure to introduce some introductory remarks from the ministers who very kindly agreed to join us at a very important and very busy time in the negotiations so without further ado I'd first of all like to invite Minister Romina Porto-Mocrati to the Minister for Climate and the Environment in Sweden to make smoking remarks. Minister over to you. Minister Yadav, Excellencies, dear friends, I don't need to tell this audience about the urgency to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and that we are off track to reach the agreed goals in our Paris Agreement. I think you are also aware of the opportunities that come of decarbonisation and green transition. It holds possibilities for regional development, new jobs, investments in new technology, increased efficiency and improved competitiveness. Industrial development, it is vital for the social and economic prosperity of all countries yet the lack of commercially viable low carbon technologies amongst other challenges and the long investment cycles in industrial sectors risk locking in carbon emissions for decades. It is therefore essential to foster partnerships between major industry transition frontrunners and ambitious economies that wish to align their industrial development with goals of Paris Agreement for economic prosperity. It is also in this context that lead it continues to be an important convener for governments and companies who want to lead the way. Lead it has been successful in raising the profile of the necessity of action in sectors such as steel and cement. We have shared lessons and experience that contributes to fostering partnerships, sharing information and increasing transparency through the example of the green steel and the cement trackers. The transition journey to green steel that has taken place in Sweden clearly shows that a success factor in new business models is close collaboration in the whole value chain from raw materials to the design of the final product. Earlier this week, Honourable Prime Minister Ulf Kristessan and Honourable Prime Minister Narendra Modi together launched Lead It 2.0 and a new deepened cooperation between India and Sweden through the establishment of an industry transition platform. To achieve a system change, we need rapid and scaled up actions. We need to strengthen relevant institutions and policy frameworks and work together around co-development of technology, collaboration on research on innovation and on mobilizing investments. It's also a key. And therefore, India and Sweden has selected these areas to be at the core of the industry transition platform established here at the COP28. However, this is not only a partnership between India and Sweden. It is an opportunity, an opportunity through coordinated effort to strengthen bilateral and multilateral efforts to support heavy industry reaching net zero by mid-century, which is essential for our economies to keep prospering for these industries and sectors to be relevant in the fossil-free future we are headed towards. So I invite you all today to contribute. We will take stock of the implementation of the platform at COP29 and COP30. And we count on all of you that are present here today to continue to contribute to its success moving forward for prosper economies for both India, Sweden and our sectors, as well as living up to the Paris Agreement. Thank you so much. Thank you, Minister. I mean, great joy to my heart to hear you talk about systems change and the pace and the collaboration. And now to hear that in the perspective, it's my pleasure to welcome His Excellency Bupenda Yadav, the Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Labour and Employment from India. Minister. Thank you, Minister Romana Parmukthari. Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, it is my pleasure to welcome you at this discussion on partnership for just a equitable industry transition. I am glad to share that leadership group of industry transition has entered into its second phase with the launch of LEED IT 2.0 by Sheena Rindramodi, Honourable Prime Minister of India and Mr. Ulf Kerestersen, Honourable Prime Minister of Sweden on 1st December 2023. Thereafter, at the LEED summit yesterday, the members reinforced their commitment to the vision and mission of the LEED IT through the mission statement. During the last couple of years, marking the first phase of LEED IT, that is from 2019 to 2023, we have observed a significant shift in the global industrial landscape as industry transition climbs higher on international agenda. However, the real transition challenges of technology transfer and finance are yet to be addressed. Collaborative international mechanisms need to ensure that barriers such as intellectual property rights are addressed to facilitate technology transfer from developed to developing countries. The LEED IT 2.0 will focus on supporting low-carbon transition on the ground through a structured framework and a three pillars, first, global forum for dialogue, second, technology transfer and co-development, and third, an industry transitions platform. Through these pillars, the member will continue to support and engage in promote industry transition. India and Sweden have had long-standing relations based on common values, strong business, investment and research, and development linkages and similar approaches to meet global challenges of peace and security and development. We also shared commitment to innovation, sustainability and inclusive growth. This bond has been further strengthened through the launch of industry transition platform under LEED IT 2.0 by our leaders. The India-Sweden joint declaration on industry transition platform is not merely a partnership between two nations, it is an alliance for a sustainable future. It is a testament to our collective resolve to address the climate crisis and shape a world where industries thrive harmoniously with the environment. The India-Sweden ITP has been conceived with objective or strengthening institutional framework, unlocking conditions for technology demonstration projects, fostering innovation, research and development and capacity building and mobilization of finance and investments. It will catalyze collaboration, foster knowledge exchange, facilitate technology transfer and promote joint research and development endeavors tailored to support India's specific need in achieving a low-carbon industrial transition. It will promote innovation, empowering Indian and Swedish industries to adopt cutting-edge solutions and implement sustainable practice that boosts productivity, minimize environmental impact and generate new economic opportunities. We envisage a remarkable partnership to escalate the transition of industries toward a low-carbon resource-efficient and circular economy made. The India-Sweden ITP shall be operationalized through an industry transition action plan for the period of 2024-2026 that will be developed in consultation with key stakeholders of the targeted hard-to-arbit sectors. Friends, let us work together to harness the power of innovation, collaboration and technology to shape an industry of the future, an industry that is sustainable, resilient and inclusive, driving prosperity for generations to come. Before I conclude, I would like to express my gratitude to the Government of Sweden, especially through the Minister Romana and the lead IT Secretary for their state-first commitment to escalating industry transition to low-carbon pathways. As we embark on this transformative journey, I would like to call upon all stakeholders to join forces and contribute through their expertise and resource to the platform. Thank you very much. Thank you very much, Minister. I know the Ministers need to leave now, and I really want to thank you for this very direct evidence of your personal leadership and commitment, the fact that it's such a crucial time in the negotiations which you're so closely involved and you've taken the time out to be with us. So I think I just ask everyone to put their hands together to thank the two Ministers for their leadership whilst they leave the room. This kind of collaboration needs the strong top-down leadership from the heads of state in the agreement and from the Ministers, but it also has to be implemented in the details, and we're going to hear a lot more about the collaboration now from a great panel. I was going to ask the panel to sit up here whilst we show a video, but I noticed the chairs are in front of the screen, so I think we'll watch the video first and then ask you to come up. So this lead IT 2.0 mission has just been agreed in the last few days, and again, as an indication of the pace and the collaboration, we're going to see a video that's been put together quite quickly featuring Dalmia Cement, obviously big and very innovative Indian cement company, and Sultek's an innovative Swedish technology company. So just join me in watching the video and then we'll invite the panel up to the stage. Sultek's is a Swedish green tech company that developed an innovation for electrification and carbon separation, which can be used in emission-free cement production and quick-line production. Last month, we had the inauguration of our research centre in Hofarsch under the industrial leaping program, and now I'm at Dalmia's headquarters in Delhi and later on this week at the potential site where we will build our first pilot, a project that will explore and test the possibility to produce emission-free cement together with Dalmia. Dalmia cement is one of the lowest carbon footprint cement company, global cement world, and working towards sustainability and profitability together. With our philosophy of green and green is profitable and sustainable. Now we are embarking on how we can avoid 100% fossil fuel by various other means. One of the projects which we have taken up is Swedish company Sultek's, which will help us in exploring possibilities of replacing fossil fuel by electricity and that electricity would also be renewable electricity. This will go a long way for decarbonisation, not only of Dalmia's cement or cement sector, but industry as a whole. Great, thank you. Very quickly put together, but a really good practical example of collaboration between two industrial entities, solving a very real problem between India and Sweden. Let me ask the panellists to come up and I have Rishika Dharal, the Deputy Secretary of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change in the Government of India. Thank you. Robert Andren, the Director General of the Swedish Energy Agency. Elfrida Anna Moore, the Head of the Department of International Climate Environment and Energy, the Austrian Ministry of Climate Action. Matilde Maynard, the Deputy Director for the Environment, Directorate and OECD Coordinator for Climate and Green Finance. Please join me on the stage. Thank you. Let me come round so I can see you all, look you all in the eye. Rishika, let me start with you. This India-Sweden industry transition partnership, although I hear you calling it platform as well, has been launched here. We've just heard by India and Sweden just a few days ago. Could you tell us how you think that strengthened industrial transition partnerships like this one can help accelerate the industrial transition in India and globally, particularly this issue of trying to make sure we don't have a sort of the developed world makes the transition now and then everybody else goes 20 years later. How do we make sure there's a global equity element to this? Thank you, Nigel, for that question. And I think this can be a good start.  And our ministers have already highlighted the long-standard partnerships that India and Sweden have had in various areas which includes technology and innovation. And yesterday at the Leaded Summit, minister from Sweden, Ms. Parmukthari, had also highlighted one of the approaches that the government of Sweden follows is the whole-of-government approach. So I would say that there are huge commonalities between India and Sweden. And we can be very, you know, productive and effective partners in the transition of the industrial sector. And we really look forward to a very positive and meaningful cooperation through this industry transition platform. And Leaded, as you already know, that it has been active for last four years. And it has been able to raise the profile of the industry transition need at the international platform. And, you know, now when we are completing the first phase of Leaded, all of us, including the members of Leaded, has a realization that Leaded needs to be further strengthened and empowered to be able to support the transitions on the ground, which, with this, you know, thought in the mind and feedback from various stakeholders during the last couple of one year, we have conceived Leaded 2.0 in a slightly different manner, which includes three pillars where Leaded will continue to do what it has been doing in last four years. However, there will be added priority with respect to industry transition platforms going forward. And to be able to demonstrate how these ITPs can be effective and, you know, can be developed, there are two ITPs that Leaded Secretariat has supported and are, you know, you know, launched, which is India and Sweden to mention the first one. And then there is, parallely, another ITP being developed between UK and Brazil. So, these are the two pilot ITPs that we are going to work on going forward just to demonstrate how these ITPs can be effective in the transition. And we will look forward to many more of these. And even though it is called a bilateral ITP within a Northern and a Southern country, however, it will not be limited to these two players. It is going to be a multilateral platform where different stakeholders that can contribute to the transition can actually play a role. So, it is going to be a platform where innovators, financers, technology providers, industry, and, of course, the governments can get together and work on a very specific and focused project area. So, that is our, you know, way forward for Leaded 2.0. Talking about India, I would say that, you know, 70% of the built environment in India is going to come up in, you know, next couple of years till 2030. So, with this number, we can imagine the amount of demand for the cement and steel that is going to come up in the country. So, you know, it is a very pertinent moment to start these transitions so that whatever is built in next decade is actually sustainable, resilient, and also, you know, with inputs from the green products. So, it is a very opportune time for this partnership, and India is going to have humongous demand from the hard to obeyed sectors. And if we can, you know, leverage this platform and the partnership to be able to come up with technologies which are, you know, still at the nascent stage through co-development joint research, there cannot be, you know, anything better than that. So, we are very hopeful of this transition. And from the video, you can see that the industry is already very excited about it. And they have already started to engage with each other on how they can collaborate. And, you know, on this platform, I would just request all the stakeholders, specifically the financing agencies which have appetite for the investment in the industrial space to come forward and evaluate if, you know, they can be supportive of the transition platform in any of the ways. So, I'll stop here and probably come back with more on this. Thank you very much. Let me just follow up on the finance point, because I think we've seen a big opening up of the conversation around finance. There's, of course, the negotiated elements of finance which have their own dynamic and issues. But there's a much bigger picture. You know, Nick Stern, Vera Songway and Amar Bhattacharya published the second version of their paper which we commissioned last year, which lays out very clearly the total amount of finance needed in emerging markets. And in particular, yes, we need the MDBs to play a bigger role. But we also need domestic finance to immobilise. And India's got deep domestic capital markets. And also private finance. I wonder if you could say anything about how you're thinking of mobilising the whole of the finance ecosystem, not just the MDBs as part of the collaboration around the finance element. Absolutely. Nigel, I would say that you are absolutely right there. The amount of financing required for the transitions as a whole for the climate action is running into trillions of US dollars. So no one source of finance can actually be sufficient to be able to meet those level of requirements. So we need to pool in finances from all possible sources available. And India domestically has been using its, you know, government financing and through the, you know, government budget to be able to leverage and attract more private investments into the priority sectors. And under this ITP also, we look forward to, you know, following that same approach. And we will try to pool in resources from all possible sources because the investments required in the industrial space are actually, you know, on the higher side as compared to the other sectors of the economy. So we need to pool in from wherever possible. And we are open to all sources, including MDBs, the bilateral development, corporations, assistants, government financing, and also encouraging private financing into the space. So it has to be from all the sources. I must say, I think India has been one of the real pioneers in using the power of public procurement to really drive volumes up and cost down in several technology areas. Let me turn that to Robert, Robert, and the Director-General of the Swedish Energy Agency. Robert, I know that the agency has a responsibility for this kind of international collaboration. Perhaps you could just say something about how you see the agency playing a role in the ITP. Yeah, thank you. Thank you for very inspiring description of what you are doing in India. And we have been in close collaboration with India since 2009, actually, in various projects. One of those are the one we saw just on the screen before the panel. And we are working in various areas of the whole of the energy system, where there is demand also from the local communities in India, for instance. What are the challenges? So we are there. We're trying to find the private actors that can go in and with solutions, new solutions that, of course, are energy efficient or fossil-free, at best, at least. And we work with Waste to Energy. We work with the grid, the micro grids and smart grids, which are an important part of electrifying parts of India that lack electrification today, which is a question of a just transition, in a way. But I'm a big fan, and the agency is a big fan of actually being concrete, having concrete action on the ground, concrete projects that will result in something that we then can scale up, hopefully, where private actors can go in with private money and make a difference on a larger scale. So that's what we are doing. That is one part that also includes, of course, market introduction of Swedish innovative companies. India is a huge market. We also have, then, the work with Article 6 and the climate collaboration under the Paris Agreement. So those two kind of venues, export promotion and the work we need to do under the Paris Agreement, must go hand in hand. And I think that we are working hard to do that and making development perspectives and company perspectives go hand in hand. Yeah, this seems to be quite an important shift in the narrative to be talking about climate action as development action, rather than start, especially in emerging markets, rather than talking about decarbonising rapidly growing economies with big material and energy needs. Sweden does a very innovative thing. I'm thinking of the whole way that H2 green steel has been financed, for example, which is very complex but very innovative. I wonder if you could just say something about any of the concrete examples of either technology transfer or kind of finance structure, because it's not just physical technology, it seems to me. It's also like business model as a technology or finance. You can say something about concrete examples that you see of that transfer of expertise and technology so that all parts of the world can start to converge on the pace at which they transition. Yeah, and I think that what we are trying to do as well, I just have to add that, is look at the whole value chain. So fossil free steel, it's very important, but then we have to have fossil free underground mining. So what we are doing in Sweden is trying to get those huge projects going on at the same time so that you have the whole value chain being fossil free and sustainable and efficient. Now, when it comes to technology transfer and innovation, I think that what we are doing now in Sweden is that the public agencies working in the innovation area, that is us, that is our agency for innovations, that has also concrete programs within India, that we are trying to join hands here in Sweden and also with our development agency, and then have these packages, these programs including then these innovative companies and the matchmaking with the actors in India. Then you transfer knowledge, but you don't have to be there as an agency all the time because the actors themselves then find each other. So matchmaking is a very important part of our work when it comes then to find these key players to find each other. And that is the concrete thing we have is an India, Sweden innovators accelerator, which is a clear hub for innovation where we do get actors to meet and make a difference. It's interesting, one thing which Mahmood Mohiddin and the Egyptian champion and I got frustrated by last year was often hearing capital providers saying we've got lots of money, there's no projects, and then project developers saying we've got great projects, but there's no money. And we realised that in that context of connecting projects and money, but you're also talking about connecting people in the value chain that often the matchmaking infrastructure is not mature. So once you put Dalmia and Saltex together, you can run away because they're going to make magic happen. I think that point about creating that kind of market infrastructure for people to find each other is really important. Because you create a business chain and business models and then others act to see that there is profitability in this. So that's great. That's key. Thank you. Let me turn now to Elfride Anna from the Austrian Ministry of Climate Change. Elfride, as I said in the beginning, we're starting to see a kind of in some ways a more complex ecosystem of international collaboration, but that's not a bad thing because it means lots of people are working in different ways. So you're co-leading on mission innovation. Can you tell us a little bit about how the way the work of mission innovation nests in this context of these industrial transition platforms and the lead IT 2.0? Happy to do that. And thank you very much for the invitation to the Swedish pavilion here today. So I think it goes without saying that decarbonisation and sustainable transformation are key to keep the 1.5 alive and decarbonisation of the industry is a key element of it. And initiatives like lead IT, but also mission innovation and the newly launched climate club of the G20, they are very good platforms for fostering cooperation at the global level. As Austria, we are supporting as you already said, mission innovation and we are working closely there with Australia, but also other countries to catalyse the development and demonstration of cost-competitive solutions for the efficient decarbonisation of hard-to-abate sectors. And it is, from our point of view, very important to foster joint research on and also development and demonstration, which then leads to bringing down the costs and accelerating also the deployment. So we need to be agile, innovate, but also to roll out action on the ground at the same time. So we know that the industry that we hear, we are in a very competitive environment. So that's why international cooperation and cooperation at the global level are key because we need to work together not to have just competition, but also to foster the key success stories and also the key factors which are needed for decarbonising the industry. So that's why we launched at COP26 together with Australia, the Net Zero Industries mission in the context of mission innovation and we just are now implementing it. So we want to showcase demonstrators for Net Zero Industry worldwide. The mission currently convenes nine countries with a high share of hard-to-abate industrial sectors. It also delivers on strengthening the public and private corporation. We try to promote knowledge sharing and also establishing, as I already said, research, cooperation and demonstration plans. And we're really happy that Lead IT is a cooperation partner of Mission Innovation. As Austria, we are also going to launch a bilateral research call. No, I have to say Austria and Australia because we're going to do it jointly. We will launch a call for research programs which is worth 14 million, let me say, euros, not dollars. And we hope that we will have a lot of interest in this call and it would really be great if Lead IT, as a cooperation partner, you could communicate this call and then really spread the message that there is money available, as you just said, about the matchmaking and that we can really then find good projects and report back next year maybe what we've done. Great. And just any advice for Lead IT on how to make sure that technology diffusion happens fast? Oh, technology diffusion happening fast. I think what you really need, I look at Johanna. Johanna knows that I've been dealing with technology here in the negotiations for quite a long time. No, what is really important that you have regulatory frameworks established at the national level, that you have national systems of innovation which are working and this helps a lot then to attract money, to attract investments and then also to speed up the implementation and speed up the technology. That's from the breakthrough agenda. Some of the very specific action, international collaboration action items are around things like collaborating on international standards for green hydrogen and green steel, for example. Otherwise, you can end up with this fragmented market which makes it very hard to create a good example. Absolutely. And we will need work on that when it comes to green hydrogen, to CCUS, to electrification and there's a lot of work to do. Yeah, great. Thank you. Matilde, over to you now. I really want to get into this issue of domestic resource mobilisation because I understand that the OECD's clean energy finance and investment mobilisation has been talking about how to strengthen enabling conditions and I wonder if you could say, one of the things I really like about these collaborations is it's clearly not a one-way flow of collaboration. We're all learning together but one thing we do know is, and again as Stern and Songway pointed out, is that if we don't get the enabling conditions right in emerging economies then finance won't flow. So it's really interesting that you've been digging deep into this. Tell us a little bit about what do we need to do to make those enabling conditions right to attract investment? I think, I mean, clearly we need to have a multi-stakeholder approach to make sure that you put all the brains together or all the competencies together. And for example, to have a stronger governance approach for all these question of atractic finance, not only from domestic finance but as it was said, international, private, public, etc. And you need to have all the actors around the table. You need to have the national governments and the sub-national governments having a clear vision, clear strategies to kind of set the direction. You need to have of course the operational competencies and knowledge of the industrial actors around the table because at the end of the day they know what is needed, they know how to do it. And you need to have the DFI's around the table to be able to provide concession finance and then the donors that can provide direct support to the first movers somehow. So this aspect of knowledge sharing is quite important. And then of course when we speak about enabling conditions you have all the regulatory framework that needs to be in place in terms of taxonomies, definitions of green instruments, etc. This is a leading question because of the hypothesis I have that we are getting better at international collaboration government to government and including donors and MDB's. But I have a sense, I want to test this with you with what you are doing, that we are often quite late to bring the private sector actors in, both the industrialists and the providers of finance. I just wondered if that resonates with you and if so what have you seen is good practice to maybe bring all of the kind of problem-solving partners together in a timely manner? Yeah I think it's quite clear. You know that we are kind of tracking the climate finance and first it's not advancing quick enough but in addition to this kind of general evaluation clearly what we are missing is a strong mobilisation of private finance. So that's what we have been focusing on this year. We have published a specific report on how to mobilize private sector better and there are at least two key things. It's first again the enabling environment and here I mean we are working hard including on all the standards it was mentioned you know converging standards in the financial sector per se you know because where we are currently in the financial sector it's a kind of a state of confusion in terms of standards definition taxonomies if you look at also no in terms of disclosure everything is voluntary and we have a lot of different standards and there is a big work to do in terms of harmonisation convergence of standards for the disclosure etc so that's and I think we are at the time where we need regulation now for the financial sector we need regulation at least on disclosure which will trigger more action by all the actors and clear action and action that you can monitor because at the current stage it's very difficult to figure out if you take one big financial institution whether or not the money the flows is allocated to the right places so you need really a big step yeah in terms of regulation in terms of disclosure and in terms of harmonisation of standards right so we need the standards but they need to be regulated and they need to converge internationally so that's not confusion wonderful I know I know we're running out of time I just one quick thought from each of you about what the main thing and whoever goes last is going to have to not repeat the other three I want four ideas what the main thing we should focus on to improve the flow of finance to green technology especially so I don't want to talk about renewable energy and electric vehicles which are way up the S curve but these where we're much more at the first of a kind state like green steel green cement green hydrogen stainless steel what's the four ideas quick ideas about what needs to happen to see the flow of finance for those very the first of a kind or first end of a kind in the technologies that we I mean I think this point that 70% of the buildings in India yet to be built that again we really need to be decarbonising steel and cement in the countries where it's going to be deployed quickly so ideas about unlocking finance same order same order as we went the first time round thank you so much so I think you know as I mentioned finance is going to be the key for the transition that is required and in order to be able to attract that kind of financing it is very important to de-risk the investments that are happening into the space we need to have mechanisms for viability gap funding because you know I mean till the time the investments become profitable on their own the viability gap funding is the key and it can come from any sources including the government or the private so if you ask me one it should be viability gap funding and I'll not say more exhaust to me it's about engaging equipping and empowering the actors and also then of course early on take on the financial actors those that have the capital but you need to get the local perspective the local communities the local actors on board because it's on the local it happens great very practical thank you yes yeah so very brief clear regulatory frameworks clear legislation at the national and regional regional level because we need investment security and also clear political visions and targets so that everybody knows in which direction we want to go and then of course you need support and financing from the public sector but also that's three now careful sorry I leave the rest for you okay so okay if we have all of that already yes I think what would be useful is to have a knowledge sharing platforms so that you can increase the reprieve viability of you know the financing in the project and you can also you know work on scaling up investment and the instruments and also having matchmaking platforms to make like for example the what we saw in the video make them meet you know and that's what we are trying to do including in a climate club that was launched this week wonderful I love the very specific very practical and all of those ideas you can immediately see being being in there none of them are simple but they're all very clear really great I think if we and if we had all of those then we'll be going much much faster sadly that brings us to the end of the panel really really rich and varied perspectives but all really focus on this opportunity we have to accelerate the just and equitable industry transition through these kind of rich collaborations so thank you let's give a hand of applause to the panel thoughts um as I said I thought that this this observation that so much of the investment is going to happen in the um in emerging markets and that we need to get decarbonisation right all over the world at the same pace um is is um really thought provoking um that that these collaborations really um take life when they're anchored around real projects right so we're not yet we need we need the frameworks and the regulations but it's actually getting transactions done getting factories built getting technology implemented that that really helps us um that um there's a competitiveness element and a collaboration element and getting that competition collaboration balance balance right is really important um because we we do want people to compete but we also have to collaborate so finding finding the the kind of sweet swap between those two is um really valuable there is a lot of work to be done on labeling conditions whether it's setting the standards making sure that in regulation and making sure they're converging internationally and I love these just these ideas at the end that um it needs to be about deals um that we need to be engaging with the right stakeholders early enough not having one group of stakeholders defining structure and then then hoping that everyone else will be enthusiastic we know that that complicated things don't work that way um that we do need those clear frameworks and the political support um and that we need knowledge knowledge sharing what I'm noticing there's more and more that there's often the narrative is dominated by how bad things are or how little we've done and everywhere all around the world there's amazing innovation happening and we do need to do a better job of explaining what's working because that sense of excitement and even a bit of FOMO that stuff is happening capital is mobilizing competitors are competing um is one of the things that can attract a lot more attention um and just focusing on the problems so thank you so much for the panel thank you to the Swedish team for for hosting us here um and good luck with whatever you're doing for the rest of the talk thank you


Hello everybody and welcome to another hobby cheating video and today we're going to talk about a better way to fill small gaps and kind of stick things together. So we're going to talk about making a slurry.  You don't want something that's plastic, you'll see why in a moment. We take some plastic cement or plastic glue, in this case my preferred is Tamiya Extra Thin for this purpose, as you can see here in the back it's very much a liquid and so it's easy to pour and work with.  We all have some of it, it happens whenever you're working on a project, you get sprue. So the first thing you want to do is we're going to take some of that sprue and we're going to cut it down into little tiny baby pieces. So we take a nice big set of clippers, don't use your nice clippers, especially don't use a set of nippers for this. Sprue is very thick and heavy and so we get in here and we just kind of start making some little pieces, don't worry I'm not going to do this all on camera, I can already hear you freaking out, don't worry I'm just trying to show you basically what I do, we're not worried about them being super small, we just want some nice, small ish pieces. Smaller pieces will break down quicker, it'll all break down in the end, it doesn't really matter, it's just a question of you know, how long you want to wait for it to be ready. So we get some pieces like that, okay, about that size. Or we can have the stuff I already prepared beforehand, so there we go, we got all our little pieces. When we take our glass bottle, we're just going to put all our little pieces in here. Now I can't give you an exact volume estimate, but when you shake it out, you want it to kind of cover the bottom, you see how it's basically a nice flat amount over the whole bottom of the thing there, that's what you're aiming for, okay. So you've got a nice even layer of the plastic across the bottom of the thing, alright, one more little piece. I'm sure there's a couple that have jumped around my desk. Alright, so then we're going to take our extra thin cement. Now, if you're feeling particularly saucy, you can just go ahead and pour that straight in, you don't really need to do anything else, but obviously it doesn't pour super well. If you're going to use some kind of pipette, which you can do, you want to make sure that it's not, you want to make sure it's not plastic, because you will melt it with the plastic glue. I'm actually going to use the little thing that comes with it here, and we're just going to do the spoon trick, and we overspilt a little bit, that's alright. Okay, not too bad. It did do a nice job of erasing my nice grid line though there, that's pleasant. Plastic glue will eat a lot of stuff up, it's corrosive. Okay, so the amount we filled, you can see, when I tilt this sideways, you're not really going to be able to see, but you can see how it's just enough that it sits over the top of your layer. You want to have enough liquid, the balance here should be that you cut it, let me see if I can bring it up so you can actually see it, see as soon as I tilt it, we'll look inside. The point is it should be at the same level as the plastic. I don't think it's that complicated, folks. You get what I mean. Fill it up until all of the plastic is covered. Okay? Alright, so now that I've, that'll be a nice spot, I'll use that as my recording spot from now on, maybe I'll put a sticker there or something. Okay, and you can see I've still got quite a lot of plastic glue left, you don't need a lot of it to do this. Now the cool part, the bottle I'm using here, by the way, in case you are curious, is an old Daler Rowney FW ink bottle. This is one of my Payne's grays that is empty, and I just cleaned it out. I used alcohol and water and just let it sit there and then mixed it up and so on and so forth. The advantage to using the Daler Rowney bottles and why I like them is because this is a standard bottle cap. It's not the, you don't want to use this thing that's normally with those because the little pipette here that's on the end of the Daler Rowney ones, it's made of plastic. And it will just melt down in there. However, a normal bottle cap, which is just something like literally any normal bottle cap you get off of a bottle in the world like a 20 ounce bottle or something. Why look at that? Screws right on. Piece of cake. So now we put this in the oven and we just let it sit there. You can see how already it's starting to turn gray because all that plastic cement is just melting down that plastic. It'll take a little while. But in the end what you get is this. We're going to do the cake in the oven trick. This is a previous bottle I had already prepared. And you can see what you have now is just a big gray slurry, right? I go through a lot of ink. I do a lot of airbrushing. So here you can see that it's, I don't know if you can see on the side if you look right down here. This is a rough angle to fill that with a liquid. I'll put the cap back on so I can turn it a little more sideways. I'm not worried about spilling it. I hear you say, but Vince, the cap is plastic. Well, yeah, that's true, but I don't get the liquid near the cap very often. So whatever. If you want to go get a metal cap, you can. It'll take, like if you have the metal cap off of various bottles, it'll, those will fit as well. So you can see in there how it's just that nice little plastic slurry. Okay. That's all that's left. Now, brief note about how then to apply it. So first off, you want to make sure when you pick it up, you shake it. You know, much like, say a Polaroid picture, for example, is how I would shake it if I was you. You can also, if you like, use something like this. This is a little mixer it's made for labs and stuff like that to mix up samples. But of course you can, you can do it here as well. This is going to shake the camera like crazy. I apologize in advance. I will only do it for a second. And there you go. And that gives us a nice quick mix of it. I'll put this back to the side. These, by the way, you can order this one's from Lab Genius. I got this one off of Amazon. They are incredibly awesome for mixing, for mixing your paints and anything else you'd want to mix. So now that we have this all mixed up and ready to go, let's grab ourselves a little model where we need to do some gap filling. Here I happen to have one of my steam tanks for my whirlwinds edge army. You can see how insane this thing is, this little walker that I've made. That's one of my steam tanks. It's nice and goofy as I, as our every, as is everything in this army. But when we flip this bad boy to the side, you'll notice we've got these nice horrible, you notice a fall over, you notice you got these nice horrible gaps where the two scenery pieces fit together. Well, normally you'd have to deal with like putty or something like that to fix those, but who wants to do that, right? So instead, we're going to take an old sable brush that's been destroyed. So I, you want to use something that is real hair, not, not a synthetic, because synthetics can be, we'll just melt in this basically. But it's a sable hair brush. I mean, you'll ruin it. Don't use one of your nice brushes. Let me be very clear, you will ruin a brush, but this will last longer. You can actually rinse these out.  And we kind of just spread it around.  It will start working more or less immediately. You notice how thick it is. You notice I'm being pretty gloppy and keeping big drops on there. I want that intentionally because it will melt into the plastic and settle down. So you want to add a little bit more than you kind of think you need to. Probably don't put a big drop like I just did on the bottom of the thing. That's not helpful. So we just kind of touch all our little gaps. What's nice is you can actually get like a pretty fine brush and be kind of careful with this. So you can get pretty fine gaps. Now once in a while, if it's a really, really big gap, puttying is still your answer. Okay, you can't cover like some massive gap. If there's like an eighth of an inch or something apart, that's not going to work. It's just the glue doesn't have enough stuff in it not to shrink down. But when it's a gap like this, you can see how it just covers it right up. Now that'll basically just sit there. It'll sink into the plastic a little bit and then dry and we're good to go. So I'm just going to leave it sit there. If you notice anything where there's kind of parts that are where it didn't quite cover, you can go in and get some new stuff, reactivate it. It's also a good idea to just let it dry. But you want to make sure you kind of smooth it out. You can still sand this down once it's all done. So nothing changes there because once it's totally dry, it will just be part of the plastic. It has melted the plastic into the plastic, the chemical reaction has happened and it can now completely bond. So I then just rinse off that little brush in some water over here. And my brush is more or less ready to go again. All right, we've got all our little plasticy goopy goop out of it. So I'm going to let that sit for a moment and I'll let it dry. It does take a little longer than normal plastic cement to dry because we have to, because there's so much of it, right? But you can see how already that gap is nice and covered. Sometimes it takes a second application. Sometimes it depends on how big your gap is. But it's just a super easy way to fill these kind of lines, especially where two pieces come together. So things like these leg joints are great. Like if you've ever put together an Imperial Knight, you know they have these leg joints. They're really annoying with these seams. So I'm just going to do this whole thing and then we'll come back and I'll show you what it looks like. So back in just a moment. All right, we're back. All the glue is dry. You can tell where I applied it because it gets all shiny because it's melted plastic. So, you know, hence it's kind of shiny. And now, and you can see, you know, it settled down, but the gap is gone. Now if we want to make sure it's kind of nice and flat because sometimes there can still be some bumpiness, you can grab a little file and we can just, you know, give that a nice quick file. Easy peasy, nice and flat. Easy peasy, lemon squeezy, good to go. If you don't care about that as much, you can see here on the back where I already filed it down. You'll notice that the big crack I had, the easiest way to always test whether or not you got rid of a crack is to just prime it. So because that will very quickly reveal any spots. And you can see we get a nice, flat, even space. No more crack in there. We're good to go. So, there you go. That's how you can make your slurry to just recover the basics. We start with some amount of sprue. You just want to cut that into pieces. Fill an empty glass bottle with a sort of even layer along the bottom or as much as you want. Basically, I go for this along the bottom because I don't want it to be too full. You pour in your Tamiya extra thin cement or your plastic glue of choice to a level where it comes up right above all of your little plastic pieces. Then you let it sit for about 24 hours. What you then get is something that looks like this. You want to use a nice old, old, worthless, other than this natural hair brush where it's not going to, where the bristles don't melt. I mean, here's that brush all cleaned out. It's still nice and it's the same. Nothing happened to it because you can rinse that stuff out.  So there we go. That's how you make a slurry to do some quick, simple gap filling. Again, great for those small areas like where two pieces come together in a mold. It's fantastic for that. So there you go. If you liked that, give it a like. Subscribe for additional hobby cheating in the future. If you have any questions about this, feel free to drop them down in the comments. If you have suggestions for future videos, feel free to drop those down there as well. Share and share a like with the video. That's always greatly appreciated. But as always, I very much appreciate you watching this one. And we'll see you next time.


Hey guys, thank you so much for joining me. In this video, I'm going to share with you this new to me wig that I'm wearing. But before I go there, I'm also going to share with you some tips that you can do and you can think about to avoid from making a huge wig buying mistake have been there. I know. So stay tuned. Hi guys, so much for joining me. On my head tonight, I have a brand new Raquel Welch wig called Unfiltered. Now Unfiltered is a newer release but it has been around a while so it's not a brand spanking new release but I think it's important for everyone to be able to see especially when you're thinking about buying a wig to look at a wig and see how it looks on someone that has a completely different face shape than maybe some of the other YouTubers or some of the models that you're seeing in the wig store. So before I go into the specs of this cap and all of the details, let me just tell you if you are new to wearing wigs, you need to pay attention to your face shape and the dimensions. I am exactly nine inches from my hairline on the side of my nose down to my chin. I have what is considered a long face. I also have a high forehead. I don't have a short forehead. I have a high forehead. I also have a wide face. If you measure from ear to ear across my face, I have a wide face.  I've been there. I put something on my head and I start to cry and I go, oh my God, this looks nothing, nothing like I imagined it would look. And the mistake is mine because in the beginning I didn't educate myself as to what to look for when I went and bought a wig. So there's a YouTuber that I watch. She has a nine inch face. When I look at her talking about a wig that I'm interested in, I know that based on the length of her face, I pretty well have a good idea of where that wig is going to fall on me. But if she has a very narrow face, if it isn't as wide, it's going to look different even though she has nine inches. She could be very petite and have a very thin face where I have very a full face and wide cheeks. So that same wig that looks on her nine inch face would even look different on my nine inch face based on how wide my face is. So when you look at your face, measure this way, measure your forehead, measure ear to ear and really take a look. Do you have a heart shaped face? Do you have big cheeks? Do you have a pointed chin? Is your chin square? What is the shape of your face? And then compare that to the model. So when I'm thinking of buying a wig, first of all, I'll go on the manufacturer's website and I don't even pay any attention to the photos they have. Maybe those photos are unrealistic to me. They mean nothing to me. I've seen gorgeous wigs on people that review a wig but look at the manufacturer's photo and say, I would never buy that ever off of that photo. So I go to the manufacturer's site or the wig company that's selling it and I look at the dimensions of the wig. How long is the wig? For example, this piece from here to here, the side bang piece, the fringe, whatever you want to call this, is 10 inches. So I know if I have a 9 inch head and this is measured correctly on me, then I'm going to have about an inch. Now if you pull it down, which I don't want to do, I'll probably have a little bit more than that. So I know that looking at it. I also know that the crown, the back, is 9 inches. So I have 10 inch bang, 9 inch from the crown to the back. You can see this is a really cute bob style that you think and it's an angle bob and it's chin length. And so I also know that the nape is 3.5 so I know it's going to cover the back of my neck really well and then I know the sides here are 6 inches. So I had a pretty good idea as to how this would actually physically lay on my head when I saw it, when I took the dimensions and when I looked at mine. I knew that this would come down and I knew this would be shorter, you know, so which is totally fine. So then I searched a couple of different YouTube videos. Here's the wig I want. I go into YouTube. I put it in the search bar, Raquel Welch Unfiltered Wig Review. And it pops everyone that's reviewed this wig. So then I look at the people. I may not watch all the videos but I look at the people and I try to look at who looks to be closest to me. Meaning not so much my age or anything of that nature but what physically almost like my size, you know, type of thing. I've watched reviews that beautiful women have done and I watch those reviews because I want to see how the wig flows. But I also know it's not going to look on me like it looks on them.  I wish I had done that the first time I bought a wig. And for example, I recently bought another Raquel Welch. I'll show you in a minute. And that is shorter on me than anyone else. And any pictures I've seen on any websites and any reviews, that wig is shorter on me than those. And it's because I have that 9-inch head. That's why the wig. And also because not only do I have a 9-inch head, I have a wide face. So I watched a review. Someone has a 9-inch head. Their face is a lot more narrow. The hair lays different than it does on me. So measure, measure, measure, watch video reviews like crazy. Then secondly, a lot of people shy away from the heat-friendly fibers. This is actually my Raquel Welch editor's pick in the exact same shade that I have on. This has the bangs in the front and the highlight is a little less. I don't think it's quite as strongly highlighted as this one is. I mean, it's highlights there for sure. So the heat-friendly fiber means that I could do some heat treating if I wanted. I could really style this if I wanted. But more importantly, this is going to give you fibers that are very, very realistic. They're very fluffy. They flow really nice in the wind. They look real. Now, when you buy a synthetic wig that isn't heat-friendly, and it depends on from different manufacturers, to be honest with you, some are known to be more high shine and some less shine. But most of your wigs that are not heat-friendly are going to have shine. If you put a wig on your head, you love the style, the fluff, everything is perfect.  It's going to scream, I have a wig on. You can have the most beautiful hair, but if it's overly shiny, it's going to look fake no matter what the hairline does, no matter what the style does, it's going to look fake. So I have a couple of different dry shampoos that I use. I have the Beach Babe, not your mother's beach hair or whatever it is. When you get in Walmart, I buy that one a lot. It's not, it doesn't have any kind of a color. It's natural, so you can spray it on and it'll just kind of dull that shine a little bit. And then I also have the ones that have the Batisse, which has golden or brown that you can spray on, which will give you a little bit of a tint if you want. So it really all depends on what you're looking for. Same shade, same manufacturer, Raquel Welch, this is Editors Pick. This is Unfiltered, same color, Shaded Cappuccino, I have one more. This is the one, this one was sent to me for review initially way back when. And this one I bought, this is Upstage. This is also in the same color as this. But Upstage is the one that sits on me shorter than I expected. And again, that just goes to show you.  So realistically speaking, I shouldn't expect this to sit the same. And I don't. I'm going to show you. I'm going to put them on. Completely different look, huh? White tooth comb. It's the only thing you really need to comb these with. But this is Raquel Welch Upstage Shaded Cappuccino. The exact same color as my Unfiltered. And while I have the Unfiltered off, I'll show you the cap. What I really love about Unfiltered is this monofilament. I can part this with some training on either side if I want. This has Velcro adjusters here so you can cinch it down a little bit. Air taps really nice. This wig really does not, in my opinion, have any primates. So when I first got this wig and I put it on, I had to play with it a little bit to kind of spruce in it, to kind of boost it up a little. But a lot of people shy away from this type of a wig because of the heat defiant fibers, they're worried about the upkeep. And to me, the best thing in the world is to get yourself a really nice comb. I use this. I have several of these little John Minow Combs. Never take it from the top and comb down. Always I put it on a wig head and I am not going to do it here because I need to, but very gently, I comb out the edges very gently. If you take care of these, these will last forever. I'm well, I shouldn't say that.  So this is upstage. And a lot of people will say, oh, that's so short compared to the photos. Well, it is. It is short compared to the photos. I also feel that some people have asked me, do you think that this has been cut? I bought this used and I did ask the the lady that sold it to me and she said, no, she had not altered it. And I believe her. I think it's just that it looks short on me because of my shape, my length. So now I'm going to show you my other wig. You ready? I must admit that style wise with the fringe, the slight fringe and the cut, I really like this a lot. So this is editor's pick. I think there is nothing as nice as a Raquel Welch. I think their lace front is just I think just amazing. Raquel Welch has her has just impeccable lace fronts. Editors pick different styles, same shades, different way, you know, it lands on me. Now, I do think this one has a bit more lighter around the face. I don't know why I just feel that way, but upstage, straight, no permatease. This upstage is a 100 percent hand tied cap. Very, very, very comfortable. I love this wig. This wig is awesome. It's really hard to tell, you know, when you think about wigs, which one do you like the best, what looks the best on you? What do you think? So anyways, I just wanted to share this with you because I bought this and I knew exactly what to expect. So when I got this, there were there was no surprises at all. I had, I know my face dimensions. I've gone on websites. I've watched a number of different reviews. I knew that I would like this wig a lot. And and I wasn't afraid. I wasn't afraid of the heat defiant fiber. So avoid those mistakes. Measure, measure your face very carefully. And everyone talks about measuring your length, measuring your width, but I'm going to tell you, measure here as well. And if not measure, do sort of like a dimension of your face. What kind of a chin do you have? Is it pointed? Is it square? Is it round? Do you have wide cheeks? Is your face long and narrow? Because the long and narrow, obviously the hair is going to look different. It's going to lay different. These are all things you have to consider. Synthetic, you're going to get synthetic and you're going to get shiny hair. Do you like permatease or do you not? Now, unfortunately, most manufacturers are not going to say, oh, I'll load it with permatease. They might call it permalift. They might call it perm or something else. But no one's going to say, hey, this is loaded with permatease. But most of your really pretty short hairdos are going to have some permatease because you want to have that lift. This is Etude's pick. It has permatease. It also has a lot of hair. This one, unfiltered, if it has permatease, I haven't been able to find it. And it does not have. It's more of a low density volume when you think about it for the hair. And this one, upstage, oh my gosh. I really, I mean, this one has, with the hand tied, there's no permatease at all. So out of all these three wigs, the same color, Raquel Welch, my Etude's pick is going to have the most permatease. I also have another Raquel Welch wig. It's called Flirt Alert. This is Flirt Alert. And Flirt Alert is in the color shaded wheat. This is heat defined. And when I wear this, you know, this almost reminds me very much of a curlier version of upstage, where Flirt Alert is basically the same length, but Flirt Alert has a little bit more of the curls and the color is different where upstage is more straighter. You see, they're very similar. Very similar in length. Color is different. Where I have more of a golden blonde in the shaded wheat. And a little bit more platinum, I think highlights in a light brown base in Shaded Cappuccino. Pretty interesting when you start seeing these comparisons side by side. Here's the back of my editor's pick. This, I just love the color.  So anyways, guys, I hope this helps.  They are pricey.  I don't want to put a whole lot of processing in my hair. I want to take care of my hair as much as possible. Wigs make it so that I can feel pretty, that I can feel like I have nice hair that I feel I can, you know, get on camera and not worry about my roots or this or that. So I love being able to do that. I love being able to do that. So thank you guys so much for watching my wig video. They're not my most popular videos, but I enjoy doing them. So thank you guys. I'll see you in my next video.


Hello, everyone, and welcome back to Apple's NTRs. So today I'm gonna be doing a super fun tag video. If you guys know Darren Nakakihara here on YouTube and also on Instagram, Darren is like the tag king. We love Darren. He's always down for doing tags. He's always down for doing collabs. And he's one of my best friends. So today we're going to be doing the summertime teacher tag. If you see me looking over here, it's because the questions are over here and I need to see them. So as you guys probably know, if you follow me on Instagram, I am currently on summer vacation. We do get out a lot earlier than the rest of the world and that is because we start in July. So our school year is the end of July all the way till the end of May and then we're off for all of June and most of July. Tag, you are it. If you have a YouTube channel, I would love, love, love to see your summertime teacher tag video. So please, please, please comment with your video down below in the comments. And if you don't have a YouTube channel, that's okay. You can totally answer these questions down in the comments below. I will have all of these questions listed in the description. So in addition to Darren, there are quite a few of my friends participating in this summertime teacher tag and some of those people are, obviously Darren Nakakihara. We have Shelly from Early Adventures. We have Vanessa from Off the Brooks. Jennifer from Genuine Teaching, the lettered classroom. Brie from High Vibe Teaching. We have Fernanda from That One Happy Classroom. We have Taylor from Teach Me Something Good. So we have just like a whole bushel of teacher tubers who are participating in this tag and all of their videos will be linked down below. So we're gonna get right into my answers, my responses, the teacher, the summertime teacher tag. Okay, so there are 12 questions. Question number one, where and what do you teach? Okay, well, I teach fourth grade science and social studies in Arizona. So I am in the Eastern Valley of the Phoenix area. Question number two, how much of your year was fully remote versus hybrid versus fully in-person? Okay, great question. We were all over the place. So like I mentioned, we start our school year in July. So from July to October, we were completely online virtual. Whole first quarter. Second quarter, we were all in-person, fully in-person. There was an opportunity for some students to opt out of being in-person and join the virtual academy. Those students could return at the beginning of the next quarter. So any student who was virtual from October to December would stay virtual until the return in January. Okay, so second semester, we were all in school. So I had about 20 kids per home room. I'm departmentalized, so I teach all of the fourth graders. So in each home room, we had about 20 kids come back in-person with us, full-blown in-person masks, social distancing, the whole nine. And then in January, we came back for a few days. We had a huge amount of cases. So we went virtual for about three weeks and then we came back full-time in-person the rest of the school year. Lots of drama. Okay, question number three. What are you planning to do on that first weekend of summer break? Technically, I'm on my first weekend of summer break and I'm filming this video. So this weekend, I didn't really do a whole lot. I've gone to the gym. I've sat down in my office to play the sims. I have swim in the backyard with my son. I have gone to my friend, Mandy's house to swim. I've hung out with my neighbors. So this first weekend of the summer has been very normal, but in a couple days, we're gonna be going to the water park, Hurricane Harbor, and then from there, we're gonna be jumping up to Prescott where you guys know I'm from and so we're gonna see family go fishing, kayaking. It's about a 20-degree heat difference up there, so it's a lot cooler and that's where we like to hang out. Question four. How does your summer morning routine differ from your school morning routine? Well, during the school year, I get up at about 6.30 and during the summer, I get up around eight o'clock. I still eat breakfast and then I go to the gym in the morning rather than obviously after work, so little bit of a difference there. Question five. What is on your summer read list? This is really funny, but I'm reading parenting books over the summer because my child is three. He's in the three major years and he's really struggling with some behavior stuff, so I'll be reading a couple of parenting books. One is called The Explosive Child and I will be reading some other behavioral books with him, so not terrible, terrible behaviors, but things that I wanna nip before he joins me at my school for preschool, so. Question six. What is on your watch list? I'm planning on watching Friends all summer. I have a bunch of people that I watch on YouTube and then I honestly don't have, oh, The Bachelorette. I'm gonna be watching The Bachelorette. My parents also suggested The Last Kingdom on Netflix. They said it was very Game of Thrones and I love Game of Thrones, so I'm probably gonna watch that, but I'm gonna try really to not be on Netflix all summer. I would rather, especially in Prescott, I would rather be outside than sitting down watching TV, and I'm a parent, so I don't really get to just lay around and bed all day and watch TV. Not that that's a bad thing because I totally envy people who can do that, but I have a toddler running around so sitting on my butt watching Netflix is definitely not on my daily to-dos. All right, question seven. What have you been putting off for months that you hope to do during the summer? Nothing. I haven't been putting anything off. I guess I would say keeping my house clean on a daily basis instead of every weekend. Getting out of town more, going home for the weekends, going home to Prescott a bunch. I haven't really put things off. I've kind of switched that up. I've done a lot more for myself this school year than I have in other school years. I've been making myself more of a priority so I feel like everything has kind of not been put on the back burner other than like getting out of town, I guess if we could say that. Question eight. Do you have a summer job or side hustle? No, not really and I kind of love that. YouTube is kind of a side hustle but it's not exactly like a job. It's more of like a fun hobby but that's kind of it.  Question nine. What is your ideal self-care summer day? Well, Friday after I checked out of my classroom I went and got my nails done. I got my hands and my toes which I don't always do. I usually just get the toes but I went and got my hands done, my nails done and so I feel like every few weeks I'm gonna go get my nails done and that's gonna be like my little self-care moment. I've also been going to the gym almost every day and so that's kind of my own self-care moment. Question 10. What is your favorite thing to do outside? Here in the valley, absolutely nothing. I don't like being outside down here. If I am outside you will find me in my son's blow-up pool or under the sprinkler if I'm outside or it's dark out when I go outside but if I'm in Prescott I love to go fishing, camping, kayaking, we do that a lot. My sister has paddle boards up there now so I'll probably be doing a little bit of paddle boarding this summer which I'm really excited about and my family, we like to go downtown Prescott at the courthouse and listen to live music so that is really exciting and very fun. Prescott is gorgeous if you are from Arizona and you haven't been there, get on up there. Number 11. What is your favorite thing to do inside? Well, if it is completely quiet in my house and my son is sleeping or not here I like to just sit and play the Sims 4. I'm gonna be completely honest. I love playing the Sims 4, it's just a blast. Question 12. What professional development do you want to do, if any? So I actually just did quite a few professional developments in the last couple of weeks of school. They were all science based so one was questioning, one was making models, creating models, one was about interactive notebooks. So the last couple of weeks of school I actually did a bunch of PD so that I didn't have to do it over the summer. And at our district, we don't really have to do them over the summer. We can just, we just have like five hours we need to complete during the school year and then we get our performance pay for, and part of that is for our performance pay. So I do not have to do any PD over the summer and that is grand because I do not wanna do anything related to teaching until like the week before I have to go back to work, which is July 13th. You know, it seems like my summer is super short, which it is, but I think it's just the right amount of time. So those are the 12 questions. Like I mentioned before, please, please check the description for all of my friends' YouTube videos, their summer teacher tag. Make sure to tag your video in the comments below and of course, answer them in the comments below if you don't have a YouTube channel. I would really like to see what you guys are up to this summer. Thank you guys so so much for watching, don't forget to keep up with me on Instagram at Apples and tiaras and I will see you guys in the next video. Bye guys.


So Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disease, so we know that it starts and initiates a change in the neurochemistry and the chemicals within our brain that ultimately leads to the death of nerve cells. So what causes brain cell death in Alzheimer's disease is one of the questions that's still unresolved. We know a lot about all the different elements which contribute to the cell death but pinpointing it to one factor has eluded us as yet and that's why it's such a challenge in making a drug or a medicine to prevent that nerve cell death. Two toxic peptides have a role to play. There's the amyloid beta peptide and also the tau peptide. And these are seen as toxic entities which actually accumulate within the brain and actually almost suffocate the brain cells and then lead to that neuronal cell death. Indeed we know that for those under the age of 65 that develop Alzheimer's disease known as early onset, there's a genetic component. So in the case of early onset and the genetic factors that play a role, we know that they centre around the processing of that amyloid beta peptide that's toxic to the nerve cells. And that's opened up our avenues to explore anti-amyloid therapies to try and prevent that accumulation. So anti-amyloid drugs and medicines are in clinical trials and we recently had the approval of the first Alzheimer's medicine at the start of July which is targeting that amyloid beta peptide and looking to break down those plaques and accumulations that develop in those living with dementia. Another route which may provide a more long term solution is to think about the inflammation that occurs in the brain. And as scientists we believe that occurs some 20 years before people go into the doctor with changes in their memory or behaviour. But some of these subtle changes in the chemistry in our brain are very hard to detect and that's what as scientists and clinicians we're struggling with is to get better diagnostic tools that can pick up those early changes and allow us to intervene more quickly. So cell culture for us is a fundamental part of the research that we do. And here we use animal cells such as mice and rats and culture nerve cells in a dish. Alongside those we use human cells so stem cells that have been converted into neurons. In culture we can start to expose those cells to some of those toxic entities that we know are involved in the human disease such as the amyloid beta peptide or the taupeptide. And we can look to see what changes occur in the activity of those cells and if we can prevent those changes through drugs or medicines. So one cell type we're particularly interested here at the University of Reading is microglia or the brain macrophage. So they're in essence the guardians of the brain and indeed we believe that they are first responders. So in the healthy brain the microglial cells that we're interested in are involved in clearing away debris and also starting to attack pathogens that enter the brain. So they're protecting those nerve cells and keeping them free from disease. But as the disease takes hold and we see changes in those neurons and they start to become dysfunctional, the microglial get the signal to then come and actually start contributing to the disease process itself. They in essence start to engulf some of those synapses, those connections between nerve cells and that leads to a loss of signalling within the brain. So we've gone from in a healthy brain a good cell that protects the nerve cells to something that very much contributes to the disease state. So we can take cultures of these microglial cells, expose them to the amyloid beta peptide and monitor the chemicals that they are secreting. So it almost gives us a fingerprint or in essence a snapshot of what that cell is doing when it's being exposed to the amyloid beta peptide. We can then put that back into the bigger picture. What that microglial cell is secreting, is it protective to the nerve cells or is it actually going to be actually harmful to the nerve cells? And we can then start to dissect some of the pathways involved to generate new molecules for drugs and then go on to develop new medicines. So as part of our research we're using genetically modified mice to mimic the human disease that we're interested in which is Alzheimer's disease. So once we've sacrificed the animal we quickly remove the brain and then we then look to section the brain into individual slices which allow us to identify different brain regions. We can then transfer the brain slices to our electrophysiological rig set up behind me to start to investigate some of the electrical properties of those slices. So we can then implant the electrode into the slice and start to record from individual nerve cells to look how that electricity that they generate is changed as part of the disease process. So we do know that some of the early changes in Alzheimer's disease in humans and as well as in animal models are changes in that electrical activity. We see an increase or a hyper excitable state within the nerve cells of the brains of individuals living with dementia but also in some of the animal models we use to actually better understand the disease. So using mice in dementia research may seem very abstract but indeed it's a useful tool and one that researchers have used for decades. So in studying it in mice we have to genetically modify the animals. So mice naturally do not get Alzheimer's disease. So we have to change their genetic makeup in order that they start to produce or overproduce some of the proteins that we've mentioned the amybeta and the tau protein. So by changing the genetic makeup we can accelerate the deposition or the accumulation of the amybeta peptide within the brains of these mice and we can actually map on the progression of the disease as the mice age. And we see that some of those actual characteristics and symptoms that the mice show map nicely on to the human disease. So for example we know that the electrical activity in the human brain changes as the disease progresses and that's something we can monitor in our mice or mouse models. So the genetically modified mice while we are changing their brain and we see some memory deficits as they age to look at them you would not notice any difference to those of their wild type litter mates. So there's no obvious stress to these animals. They live approximately 18 months and that's when in essence researchers would then look to investigate their brains and do some of the research and experiments we've talked about earlier today. So currently the medicines and drugs that are used to manage dementia rely on a diagnosis and that occurs when some of that brain cell death has already occurred. What the research has shown us is that those subtle changes in the chemistry occur some 20 years before that positive diagnosis. So what the research now is starting to investigate and trying to pick up is something that's actually occurring within the blood or indeed the fluid that surrounds the brain. So the search is on for a biomarker, some biological sample or fluid that can actually detect those early changes. By understanding that biomarker we can use that hopefully to improve diagnostic tools and then that can lead on to actually opening up avenues to developing treatments for those that have shown that positive biomarker. So while the dementia landscape in terms of medication hasn't changed as rapidly as we would like to, there's really been some positive changes in our understanding of the disease. And that happens through the use of animal models and complementing that with some of the new stem cell technologies that are available to scientists. Our studies are looking to explore much more in depth around the inflammation and some of the different cell types in the brain. We're interested in microglia or brain macrophages and the role that they play in contributing to the disease. Our hope is that we can one day find a switch within those cells that will allow us to prevent that nerve cell death that is evident in the disease. To date we're slowly starting to unpick some of the protein players that change the function of these cells. The next step in our journey is trying to find molecules that can modify the activity of those particular proteins. That will then start the journey of drug discovery to hopefully enter clinical trials and offer hope to those living with dementia.


Joel, with everything happening in the market, eyes must be on you. Gold and copper, can you give us an update on what's happening with True Precious? Absolutely. We've been quite active on both the corporate and exploration fronts. I mean, the key value driver for us is our Gold and Rose project in Central Newfoundland. We're right between two gold deposits, five million ounces, marathon gold on one side, and they're putting their mind into production in 2025. On the other side, it's mad at our mining with significant gold resource. We control all the land between them through some of our corporate activities, and we've been firming up the potential land through exploration. So we actually announced a 2000-meter drill program at a new target area on a Gold and Rose project about two months ago. We've recently wrapped the program, we'll be putting our results imminently as soon as we get them from the lab. It's an interesting new target because it's really firming up some copper potential on a property, which wasn't previously known. The area has never been drilled. And in order to kind of build out the property package around this, we had earlier in August, we'd actually closed a strategic property acquisition to pick up the missing puzzle pieces of Gold and Rose, such that they're now only those three dominant players in this area, in Newfoundland. Marathon gold, True Precious metals, a matter of their mining. So we think we're well positioned corporately. Exploration results coming up soon. Okay. And then furthermore, you also mentioned in your first answer, when we start first started talking about your drill program, you just started your 2000-meter drill program at the Jacobs Pond area of the Gold and Rose project in Newfoundland, Canada earlier in August. When should we anticipate some results? So the drill results from that program should be coming out imminently now in mid-September. You have to wait for the lab to get through the assays. We saw a lot of indications that surfaced for copper, even bits of cobalt, as well as things like silver and lead. We're very much looking forward to seeing what the lab comes up with from these drill holes. And of course, your most recent announcement was an option agreement for Staghorn Project, and you achieved strategic consolidation of Cape Ray Valentine Lake shear zone. All right. Dumb that down for us. It sounds like a mouthful, but I guess really, you know, there's two major companies on either side of us as I've previously spoken about. We hold most of the land between those two, almost all of it. And with this option agreement for the Staghorn Project, we now have the rights to acquire the little bits that were left between us and the two gold deposits on either side. So it really ties up the land package with a boat, makes it a great turnkey project for potential acquirers down the road, and gives us even more discovery potential to explore. I always tell investors, investor and tell audience, always start by looking your CEO up on LinkedIn. Get an idea of their background.  I wouldn't go that far, but sure. I do have a transactional legal background, that's right, as well as in the capital market side. So for anyone out there, of course, who is an investor following true precious metals, undoubtedly the fact that you do have these talents is something we may be watching you do in the future. Is that a consideration? It's absolutely a consideration. Everyone knows how long the road is to get to a mine, even assuming you find something of interest on the property. I do believe in the geological merit of Golden Rose. I know that's already attracting interest from neighbors and other parties. And I think as we prove up the mineral potential on Golden Rose, that will make us an increasingly interesting target to do some sort of corporate partnership or M&A with most likely a larger company. So that is for down the road, but it's certainly in the agenda for us. And I think we've shown that actually through our property acquisition program of putting together Golden Rose in the last year, we picked up basically as much property as we could. We're doing the dirty work to make it a turnkey project for potential acquirers. Well, Joel, what should we anticipate, say in the upcoming quarter? Because we are watching you. You're an amazing area. And of course, with the market turning the way that it is, a lot of us are going, hey, what do we have in our Gold portfolio? Yeah, the drill results is going to be the most immediate catalyst. And I very much like us to expand beyond just Gold into Gold and Copper. So we're looking to see some Copper in these drill results. I think that would be a nice diversifier to the project. And beyond that, we are setting up for a fall exploration program still scoping out how it would look. At some point, it will make sense to do a follow on drill program as well. And at the same time, we're still looking to do some corporate initiatives for non-diluted financing, things like dealing out some of our non-core properties. We successfully optioned out our Twilight Gold project back in mid-August, which is great. And so we're going to be looking to continue that on the corporate side with our other projects. Well, Joel, as always, it's a pleasure. And we look forward to seeing you regularly this fall. So thank you for joining us today. Thanks, Tracy.


In the thick forests of northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sitzyang Gambi, a place of high historical value that was once home to the largest tropical agriculture research center in the world. Now a biosphere reserve, it includes 250,000 hectares of tropical forest, a valuable island of conservation in a fast-changing landscape. But rapid population growth is putting ever greater pressure on this once impenetrable wilderness. This is why C4 and its partners, supported by the European Union, launched the FOREI project, aimed at protecting the biodiversity of Yang Gambi, while at the same time improving the living conditions of the local populations, ensuring that forests continue to thrive for generations to come.


You want to say that I still very strongly view these as supplemental to lifestyle change, diet, exercise sleep. 100%. I'm also reading articles that more people are interested in things like exercise and diet than ever before, probably as a result of the stuff that we just talked about. I'm glad you brought that up and I want to talk about that and I'm very, very outspoken about this. There's a link, it's a free landing page. It's the 10 mistakes most people make when they start therapeutic peptides. I highly recommend anyone go there. That's number one, they're not magic bullets. Nothing is going to give you anything if you don't have your lifestyle dialed in. If you're not living insulin control, if you're not training with weights, doing cardiovascular, hopefully a combination, you're getting six to eight hours of deep sleep every night. I mean, all that stuff is always the most important thing.  I mean, it's literally that simple.


We, from different backgrounds, came together to develop the starter biofuel, through which we ensured to replace at least 40% of all fossil fuels with biofuels, manufactured from organic waste completely within India, and set in a circular economy within India where organic waste gets converted into biofuels. So we have done some research in this area and found out that there is no practically a proper system for the disposal of use of biofuels across the restaurants or any kind of spears in Kerala, and also we found out that use of biofuels is a very good field shop for biodiesel. We made a plan that will ensure that all the cooking oil from all the restaurants or spears which is collected periodically and in an organized manner and it is being transferred to biodiesel manufacturing unit only for the product of biodiesel. So I and Prasad were doing our bit to increase the adoption of biofuels and also increasing the usage of use cooking oil for biofuel manufacturing. We were able to handle a limited territory and a limited clientee within our space. That's when I met Sumant and Venkat, we are running a technology company in Coimbatore. Me and Venkat thought why not we work on creating an online platform for this which will not only grow the industry as a whole but help the platform like you know help biofuel reach a lot of people in a very effective way. This is a very good idea what we are doing and I think this can make a huge impact in environmental as well as economical situations of the country and why don't we make it to pan in there rather than just you know doing it some particular areas. This gave the bird to biofuel. We are misfits we look to build a future.