And right now, I'm just going to hand you up to the speaker for Rob Joyce. Again, let's give him a big def go. Welcome. Good morning, everybody. Thanks for having me here. For those of you who don't know me, Rob Joyce. I'm from NSA, 29 years at NSA. One of the proudest things I did was I had the chance to lead the hackers of NSA organization known as TAO. But I've also worked on the defensive side of NSA as the deputy director for information assurance. And for 14 months, I was down at the White House leading cybersecurity policy for the nation. So it's with kind of that background, I'm going to talk a bit today about where we've been in cybersecurity, the things that are on top of my mind and the things we're focused on from NSA. So last year I didn't make DEF CON. It was the first one I've missed in several years. I was really disappointed because I thought there was something important going on here, and that was the election hacking village. And I will be out there tomorrow and make a chance to go see and learn and focus on that. That's one of the reasons I've really stayed, tried to stay connected with the DEF CON crowd and come here every year is to be a part of some of the creative ideas, the innovation and the things that are uncovered and learned here. It's not apparent to everybody in the outside world, I think why it's important to break stuff, why it's important to focus on it, find those flaws and then talk about it. And I know even today there was some discussion with the states about whether we should be doing the election hacking village or not. Believe me, there are people who are going to attempt to find flaws in those machines, whether we do it here publicly or not. So I think it's much more important that we get out, look at those things and pull on it. So that's, thanks. So the other reason I'm here is, again, to be part of this community. So what you will find, whether you know it or not, there are and have been and will be NSA people involved in DEF CON throughout the years. You know, I'm up here, there's no horns on my head, I'm a real person, I'm a technologist at heart. If you wanna see kind of the things that get me pumped and excited tomorrow at noon, I've got another talk, I'm talking about my house and a Christmas light display I put on every year, building absurd Christmas lights. That one actually might be more interesting, I shouldn't say that as you sit here about to listen to this talk, but that's a cool talk. So come over to DEF CON 101 tomorrow. It's not in the program, it's an ad. So I'm happy to be able to do that. So why am I and others at NSA? It really is to focus on that technology and think about serving the country and providing a way to make this place safer. Because as I talked throughout this morning, you'll hear and I hope you'll agree that there are some really bad things, some bad trends going on, on the internet and through cyberspace. And I feel like each and every day I get a chance to push back on some of that and really try to drive toward better uses of that internet community. So the year after Snowden, when it was a no feds allowed, I came to DEF CON. I didn't come on NSA's nickel, I didn't come as a fed, I came as Rob Joyce, but to stay involved in the community. I think it was interesting that a lot of people knew me, I'd done Meet the Fed panel the previous year. So they looked at me and knew I was from NSA, but I was still greeted and part of the community that was going on here. So that was pretty cool. It was notable that I think it was two years ago I was going up in the elevator to a sky talk and somebody turned and said, hey, aren't you that NSA guy that talked to our cybersecurity club? So all the heads in the elevator snapped around. They looked at me and I owned it. I said, yeah, absolutely. And we started a conversation with the whole group there. And that's what I want you to see. If you see me in the halls, come up, have a conversation. We're real people. I know not everybody at DEF CON agrees with NSA and our mission and the types of things that are said about us in the press sometimes, but I'm hoping I will show you that there really is noble intent. There's important things to be done and we're invested in doing those kind of things. So let me hop straight into it. For those of you who are unfamiliar with NSA, there's really two sides to NSA. There's a signals intelligence mission that's focused on getting out there and producing intelligence on threats to the country for decision makers, for the law enforcement, the military and trying to pursue that. And then there's the information assurance side that does cybersecurity for our national security systems, the highest levels of information that we in the US government has to protect. So with that as a basis of kind of where I'm coming from, I'll jump into where I think things are going. So I'll start here with this slide that talks to the inflection points of the technology landscape. Some big pieces of that one, wireless devices abound. They're really, really growing and exploding in the ecosystem. Another big thing is people are choosing to supply their data, choosing to supply their data to those massive social media sites. And what's happening there, it's funding much of the web and shaping the ecosystem with that big data analysis and the advertising that they can serve up. And so you got to kind of think about that in terms of the direction technology is going because that's what's funding a lot of this, right? And so if you don't acknowledge and understand those components, you're going to miss the boat about where technology is going. So if you look at the technology explosion from the 2000s to today, there's some really big points. In 2015, we broke through the point where half the population of the world is online. That is all the people in impoverished countries to the wealthy and sophisticated high-end technology companies, half of those people have access to the internet through some means. And in 2014, mobile internet surpassed the fixed internet. So we're living on that cell phone device. And if you think about it, those mobile devices go with us, they know where we are, they're connecting us, but it also, they're really powered by the back-end big data that exists in the cloud. And that is a feature and an aspect of where we're headed in technology that you've got to consider in how we're doing security. So for us in the US, more than any other nation, I would say, we depend on the availability, the integrity, the authenticity of the information on those nets. And really, unfortunately, those vulnerabilities to exploit those networks are being exploited by criminals in nation states. And so we've got to think about what we need to do to change some of those dynamics. I talked to the technology, now let's talk about the environmental changes. Key aspect for me is in the nation-state arena, the focus has moved from using the realm of cyber to steal secrets to using that realm to impose national power. Notable big incidents, last couple years, we had huge data breaches. So on the slide, I kind of moved from espionage-focused ops to a growing trend of large-scale destruction. And you all lived through a couple of the big notable internet events in the last couple years. I also think it's noteworthy how numb we've become, right? When a cryptocurrency exchange in Japan lost $530 million in a cyber theft. So this may be skewed because of the audience we're in, but how many heard of that in January when a half a billion dollars of cryptocurrency was taken? So it's a pretty heavy group in this room. If you ask the average person on the street, not as much. And I think it's incredible that a half a billion dollars walks out. If that happened and it was a truckload of gold stolen from a bank, imagine above the fold headlines. But Hoham, another cryptocurrency session was hijacked. They lost a half a billion dollars. We're really growing numb in that. There were also pretty concerning reports back in January that caught my attention. That was the Triton Mailware reports. If you think about the targeting of safety systems and industrial control in big industrial processes, that's activity that you've got to start to wonder about the judgment. That came to light not because somebody was really investigating and found it through extensive cyber sleuthing. It came to light because they weren't doing a really good job in that safety system and cause notable outcomes. So to me, the judgment of those people who thought they should be screwing around with a safety system without the knowledge and capability to actually manage it and shape it in the way that they were seeking just shows how dangerous they are in that. And it probably should scare each and every one of you. I know it scared me to think about the folks going into that. So we're also seeing countries use their national power in other ways. China is using its cyber infrastructure to establish a social control system. Social credit system that they're rolling out. So that's another way to use the power of cyber technology again for some of the national aims. And so for me, the way it compares and contrasts the free world to some of the totalitarian regimes is how we're using those elements of technology to either defend against abuses or prop up some of the social injustices that are happening. So you got to be aware of the new threat landscape. The tools are available, the data's out there, the intent exists, and that's intent, the trajectory of that intent is a piece that worries me. I think nation states and criminals opposed to some of our basic social order are having their way in the digital domain and I would lump the election hacking and other things into that as well. So make no mistakes. A big concern is the chance for miscalculation is huge and whether it's trying to influence our elections or intrude on the safety systems of industrial plants, that's something we as a community kind of have to rally against and deal with. So continuing on the cyber threats, I'll talk about four major trends that are on my radar. Criminals and foreign adversaries constantly prowling this digital domain. They push on America's digital infrastructure continuously and those of other places in the world. First area, high-end sophisticated actors. There's really been a fundamental shift in the nation state activities opposed to free and open societies, aggressive, disruptive cyber operations, asymmetric intrusions, inflicting damage, rapid weaponization of disclosed capabilities. These state-sponsored actors are continuously building on the techniques so what we'll see is some elite folks at the high end of that coming up innovating but quickly propagating that down at scale to other folks who can use it and turn it. People fear zero-day exploits but really hiding in the account of an unauthorized user is much more hard to ferret out over the long haul using authorized processes in ways that weren't intended and so that expertise of the high-end folks who can figure out how to insidiously get their selves into your processes, your data as an authenticated user makes it really hard to deal with. So we're seeing those big splashy cyber events with increasing frequency, kind of reinforcing that numbness and as I discussed earlier, just getting commonplace. Second area, the level of expertise is just decreasing. The quality of tools released, the ability to get and build yourself on the shoulders of others and get out there is really a leverage factor in enabling bad activity that's going on. So most advanced members of some of these overseas groups create the tradecraft and then again, bring others along unhinged to responsibly guide the use of those activities. Third area I'd highlight, the move from exploitation to disruption. So the last two years, a number of destructive attacks top of mind for me is Russia targeting Ukraine in their ongoing conflict. They wound up inflicting on the world with wanna cry, right? It was aimed at Ukraine, did a supply chain exploitation in the Ukraine, but it quickly propagated to the globe and if you look, a significant number of maritime ports were shut down, the shipping channels disrupted. That's real world physical impact. The supply chain of our modern businesses rely on those shipping channels to follow a predetermined predictive timeline and by shutting down those ports, impacting those things, it had huge impact around the globe. There was a non-binding resolution out of the UN in 2015 where a group of governmental experts said, hey, one of the important norms we have to establish is that we won't intentionally damage critical infrastructure. We've seen disruption of civilian power, we've seen financial institutions knocked down, we've seen a lot of preparatory activity in critical infrastructure and that stuff has no purpose other than preparation for these types of attacks and so that's a trend line of the cyber threat that continues to worry me. Fourth area, the growing use of information operations leveraging cyber intrusions and so that's the story of where you can get a hack, grab data, weaponize that data and then make outcomes from that data. Every single day we've got adversaries producing campaigns, pursuing campaigns to achieve those strategic outcomes and many of those campaigns have cyber components. When these people take our intellectual property in a big campaign, any given single theft is just that, it's a theft, but when you look at it as strategic intent over timeline, that really is a cumulative effect on our national economy and national security implications really are undeniable of campaigns that are looking to affect our intellectual property and business chains. So in America, we have the luxury of thinking about national security as an away game. I think by that I mean many of the conflicts, wars and activities in our lifetimes have taken place overseas. We've been insulated from that, but cyberspace has made it clear that we're no longer in an away game. The threat has really come to us and that as cyber professionals or people interested in the technology has to be a fundamental truth that you've gotta absorb and think about how that changes the way we need to react and work. So the new threat environment, not only has that threat changed, but the environment around it has changed. I talked in the very first slide about information technology game changers. The connectedness of our life is exploding. Sensors abound around us, if you think of the internet of things, the amount of data that's pulled together and we can expect criminals to go ahead and look at exploiting and weaponizing that environment. So it's an escalating threat environment that has me motivated to fundamentally look at how we protect ourselves and protect national security in that space. So I hope I've set the table for the background. I don't think any of that's hugely surprising, but what I wanted you to do was kind of walk with me thought to thought and get a sense of where that's been and where that's going. So at NSA, we're lined up with those two missions I explained earlier. What we found is cybersecurity benefits from the union of those two things. The signals intelligence mission goes out and gets unique insights into foreign threat actors, ensures that the national security systems are equipped to defend against those kinds of trends I talked about. Signals intelligence really is at the core of NSA's fundamental advantage in doing security and so we can take and discover threat intelligence on foreign adversaries. We can inform our partners, DHS and others to go out and take action in that space and both tactically counter the day-to-day malicious activities or support the entities that can go out in a more strategic environment and to create and defend against those who go after our freedoms and our institutions. So we focus on providing deep expertise to the US government on the targets, the technologies, the cyber defense tradecraft we have to work and there's a lot of partnerships in that. So in the US government, we approach these threats as a team, DHS provides a mitigation role, FBI does an investigative role and then we underpin both of them with support and the expertise in the nature of the foreign threats. I told you I'd walk a little through history too. Cyber security at NSA has been on this journey for a while. We've been working on the information systems and the comm systems of national security since 1953. So over 60 plus years, we've not only produced the security policies but we've done that hard work of deploying and developing the secure products and services that implement those policies and that's kind of a unique place to be not only just writing policies but being a practitioner of it and that's one of the things that helped me at the White House was knowing that what we do and how we do it and what others do against us on top of writing that policy was so beneficial. So in the 40 years ago, we were in the security business, it was communication security or comm sec. That was really almost exclusively about protecting classified information as it traveled between two points. So we wanted to keep it from unauthorized disclosure. We did that by building very secure black boxes, right? Goes into unencrypted, goes out encrypted, high grade encryption, careful engineering to protect that information. In the 70s, even the early 80s, the advent of the personal computer came around. We had a new discipline for computer security or compu sec. That was still focused on protecting the information from unauthorized disclosure but it also started to address additional challenges. The injection of malicious code or the theft of large amounts of data on magnetic tape, it was really a transition into that new information realm. We saw a big compu sec contribution back then. It was the rainbow series of books. These were descriptions by the government telling everybody how we could protect trusted systems, evaluate them with guidelines on things like passwords, audits, network databases, risk management. It was stuff in the 70s and 80s we were talking about doing. All the same problems we're talking about today, right? I think it was the time where we were first questioning how you could be sure a computer was doing what it was supposed to do and nothing more. That was a surprising question back in that day. It is not today, but it really was a fundamental pivot at the time. We realized separately we're dealing with compsec on one hand, protecting information as it transited and compu sec, the computers and the security there. And doing those separately was no longer feasible. So we started working info sec and quickly realized that that also was not enough that we had to worry about unauthorized modification of the information data integrity on top of just the confidentiality, positive identification, authentication. And it became really important that after a transaction somebody couldn't say they were not part of that transaction. So the non-repudiation portion of that. I think finally eligible receiver was an exercise the government ran in 1997. That was a key moment in the US government's recognition of the vulnerabilities of cyberspace. A red team playing as foreign adversaries were able to target significant US critical infrastructure and it shocked the national level leadership. And you saw a big pivot on the way we do security. And even to the point you can probably point at that and say that was one of the fundamental justifications for the establishment of cyber command back in the day. So as we evolved we got changes even beyond the information assurance. NSA as I said, leveraging the power of intelligence and the defensive folks. We integrated those two missions at NSA. Information assurance didn't go away. It really is an integrated whole of effort where we inform from one hand and then act with the other. So the SIGINT system was also set up to work in operationally relevant timeframes where we had to produce intelligence for the war fighters. Time and speed mattered. The information assurance mission was often about standards and evaluations and other things that weren't time bounded. And so that's where we are today is cyber security on top of information assurance has gotten to the point where it needs to be in an actionable timeframe. So let me pivot over to back over to the nation states. There's been a lot of talk about cyber norms. I mentioned earlier, 2015 there was a UN group of government experts that recommended a set of cyber norms. Those norms were non-binding but they were a significant step because nations came together. They debated, revised and endorsed those norms. But norms are only norms if people follow them. So norms are only norms if people agree and are executing that way. I think though with all the discussions about norms people should generally agree that most nations are behaving reasonably on the internet. I think there's four notable exceptions. I'm naming names here, calling them out. And I don't think they'll surprise anybody at this conference and I deal with them on a daily basis to the point they just flow off my tongue. Russia, China, Iran, North Korea, it's that easy. Russia, certainly their use of cyber and election interference, information operations, military operations doesn't need an introduction. Russia has used cyber tradecraft since at least 2008 in a big way when the Russian incursions into Georgia were accompanied by a denial of service attack against the Georgia internet service. We saw that internationally as a component integrated with the physical activities they were taking up. So at NSA, we've had a front row seat to a lot of these activities. Our former deputy director, Rick Legit, talked about a Russian intrusion into the State Department. He called it hand-to-hand combat. Because unlike a lot of places where you get an intrusion and you've got an incident response and the first sign that somebody's following up on it, the attackers kind of disappear and lock and run. What we saw were these guys retarget the system administrators, try to lay down new tools, new techniques in places that they hadn't been to hold that ground. So it really was an interaction. It was kind of bold and audacious as they fought to stay in that network. And what we see is that is often the same way they as a state have responded in the physical world. So they mimic that behavior. A good example of the insidious nature of some of that intrusion, I would point to the May 2018 VPN filter, where Russia actors were targeting SOHO routers. We saw APT-28 Fancy Bear called out and the Cisco-Talus reports estimated hundreds of thousands of devices were affected worldwide. So that malware had really creative ways of interacting. It went out and it was trying to get Instagram pictures to decode out of the metadata, the IP address that it should use as command and control callbacks. And if those Instagram photos were unavailable, then it had a domain name to knowall.com that it would call out to and look for instructions. So between the government, the commercial industry, that was disrupted, those channels were disrupted. And you even saw FBI warn everybody, reboot your devices, disrupt the Russians command and control of this large army of bots we were gonna see. This was effective at knocking down that command and control, but, and that's the big but that I haven't seen really talked about much. It's that there was a persistent stage one on all those routers. So what it did was knocked it down, if it was at a stage two or stage three implant, it knocked it back to stage one, which was power reboot persistent. And then at that point, it couldn't call back out to those two, via those two methods to reestablish command and control. But the Russian malware is actually still there. It's still on those routers. And if you know the secret handshake packet wakeup knock, you can go in and you can still talk to and control those routers and put a stage two or three back on. So I guess I'd ask, what do you think the odds are that the actors in Russia who put those down kept a list of the IP addresses that they put their malware on? I think it's pretty high. So what we really need is we need industry looking at it in an easy way, because again, these are consumer devices. These are deployed that people can check for that persistent backdoor and that they can knock it off their machines in a real way. That's the kind of thing we're up against. And that's what I'm talking about in the way that they're massively controlling and chasing big parts of the internet. I think what we and the government did with that FBI warning, that was a battlefield medic putting a tourniquet on something. We need to get him into the hospital and do surgery and get him out of there. So I'll leave that as a thought. So summing up Russia, they seem the most willing, perhaps the most skilled of our adversaries in seeking strategic outcomes and in and through operations that involve cyberspace, but it doesn't have to just exclusively be cyberspace. When we're talking China, the immense volume of operations is the thing that I think comes to mind for most people first. So we see them stealing intellectual property and back in 2015, we got together. Our government and theirs to reach a commitment that we wouldn't steal for commercial profit. We would start some cyber dialogues about the security in the space and FireEye said we saw 90% drop off in cyber intrusions after that agreement was reached. From the government, we don't have the specific stats but we saw a similar comparable drop off. But however, kind of like other intrusions, China continues, what they did was certainly became more refined and even improved their tradecraft after learning from some of those compromises. I would point to recent activity like the cloud hopper intrusions where they're targeting managed service providers to get in and underneath a whole wide array of businesses and then be able to move through those MSPs to exploit the businesses above them as a sign that they're still in this space. So we're focused on cloud hopper with other allies, other like minded nations and trying to work out ways to get them out of the infrastructure layers that gives them big advantage. Same thing, the social credit services that they're setting, the social credit system highlights the totalitarian natures of the way they look at the internet and the technologies and even a long-term focus on the technologies that are gonna be pervasive, whether it's 5G or artificial intelligence, quantum, those things show that they're trying to stay ahead and use that tactical advantage. And then even perpetuating a domestic legal regime where they have to have intellectual property transfer from companies who wanna do business with or in China. So participating in the Chinese markets using their national laws to kind of edge people in ways that are not exactly cyber but aimed at some of the same outcomes. Again, theme here that a lot of countries are looking at more than just cyber operations but cyber in part of a bigger, larger activity. So Iran, as US and Iran entered into the nuclear agreement framework talks, 2015, Iran really seemed to curtail a lot of the destructive cyber activity against Western interests. They still went against Saudi, Saudi Aramco and other big issues there. But what we saw was denial of service campaigns that had been disrupting the banks and targeting the banking industry dropped off a lot. They even came after at one point, a Las Vegas casino, where the CEO had made some public statements about wanting to attack Iran. And so they came back and defaced the casino's websites. So what we see is Iran willing to use their cyber influence in real world operations at a level that is targeted and malicious that we don't see other states behaving in similar ways. So I think of note, when bilateral relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia decreased, we think that was a major factor in the January 2017 dated deletion attacks in Saudi. And so as we move to a point where the US has just reimbursed sanctions on Iran, there's a lot of focus on how are they going to respond. And one opportunity they have is certainly in the cyber realm. So I know as NSA, we're gonna be very vigilant and watching closely in that space. The world needs to join and be ready to push back if that's a tactic and a way of acting that they're gonna take up, we've gotta be on guard. And then over to DPRK. So I would say DPRK has been some of the most consistent. They haven't shifted. They've always seen cyber as an effective tool of state power, but what we have is confirmation that they're going to use cyber in every strategic activity they have. When we put Michel defense systems in South Korea, one of the plans of the US government was to expect cyber probing, cyber efforts from DPRK to come at those systems as they went on the peninsula. I think the disruptive attacks they've undertaken against Sony well understood, but they've been hitting South Korea, banks, infrastructure, government for several years. We would expect that to continue. They don't have a lot to lose and there's not a lot of levers we can use in that space to discourage it. The biggest place that they stand out amongst nation states is looking to steal hard currencies. They hit the Bank of Bangladesh for $81 million in a theft through the SWIFT network. They continue to do crypto currency thefts, continue to target banks looking to get hard Western currency. And it really shows the way that as a nation state, they're engaged in criminal behavior. So where do we need to be? Cyber security really is a team sports. We in government absolutely recognize we can't do this alone. If you look at strengthening cyber security, it can't be something driven out of Washington DC. I think the greatest progress happens from the bottom up, not the top down. And that as I talked about the election hacking village and other things that go on in forums like this and in companies in our industry, it's a place where we've got to be prepared and figure out how to let that drive from the bottom up. NSA has some unique expertise and capabilities that we track and coordinate across the overall federal efforts. There is sector specific knowledge across the federal government, places like Treasury who understand the financial industry, energy who understands the power industry that we can supply cyber expertise to and they know domain issues. So that coordinated cross sector government industry to protect is vital. A good example of where industry brings knowledge that we just don't and won't have. Microsoft recently highlighted intrusions against a senator's email. And what that shows is these companies, like Facebook taking down Russian troll accounts, they are going to know things on their platform and be able to see things that the government couldn't and shouldn't. And so there's got to be this connection as we work against those government nation states that are behaving badly at the federal level and they see some of the things on their platform. There's got to be this virtuous cycle where there's engagement. I think in terms of social and our society, the Russian election meddling, the Russian divisiveness they're trying to sow is top of mind. I think many of you heard the director of NSA, General Nakasone, set up a Russia small group. He brought together people across Cyber Command and NSA to focus in on this problem and use the intelligence capabilities we have. I think it will be a key component of informing DHS who can contract to the state and locals what threats they're up against that, sharing relevant threat intelligence with DHS, getting into the multi-state information sharing and analysis center, the election, ISACs, other places like that. So when it comes to Russia, the recent policy pronouncements really have made it clear that any attempt to go after and interfere with our elections, successful or unsuccessful, really is a direct attack on our democracy and it's unacceptable. So I think we're resourcing that. The national defense strategy laid out a role for DOD and you're gonna see us resourcing and pushing into that. So I've talked in the past about the intrusion lifecycle. I laid out as an attacker, the mindset of an attacker, how you go against a well defended hardened target and you can argue about the way stops in between but you basically have to cascade through these activities to find your way in and exploit and make use of systems. So there are points on these steps that we've gotta think with a defensive mindset about breaking up, interrupting and disrupting their ability to have success. So it's worth your time if you're involved in any sort of defensive activity or you even wanna protect yourself at home to go after and look at this kind of model and think through where are your weak points and where can you harden? Because what you need is layered defense. One thing I can't state in strong enough words, really. The basics matter, right? The basics totally matter. Ignoring the basics gets you caught up in massive cyber casualty effects like wanna cry. Ignoring the basics, let a nation state adversary tear into you, get to their objectives easily and likely root into the point where you're gonna be hard pressed to know if they're still in after you remediate.   So I think regardless of the changes in technology and there's some really cool innovative defensive things coming on, if we don't have the discipline to stick to the basics, the cool stuff really doesn't matter. Past, present, future, it's going to rely on doing the basics because no matter how skilled an adversary is, my time in the past at NSA, you only use what you absolutely need, right? Attackers are gonna limit the sophistication of what they're doing. So in that, there's a host of things that we need to do where it runs from no kidding, get that multi-factor authentication out, it matters. Enabling, logging, doing the analysis, paying attention. And for me, I harped a lot in the USENIX talk I gave years ago about knowing your network because attackers don't care what you think you have connected. They go after what you have connected and if the shadow IT in your infrastructure gives them a way in, they're gonna take that, they're gonna use that opportunity and go on. So the reality of where we are is that we're all living on commercial technology. In the past, the US government used to build black boxes, used to have isolated government networks. We now live on that same commercial technology that banks, industry, critical infrastructures, and we as citizens live on. And there's a reason there's a patch Tuesday, right? The day that stuff comes out is the day that people start picking at it and poking at it. It's going to over time erode and people are gonna learn flaws. So it's important we keep up with that. It's not that this tech is either good or bad. We've gotta have a way where we deal in that gray zone and if you're a static target, if you're not improving, evolving, and moving with technology, you're gonna fall. So don't be that victim that doesn't move and gets to be a victim of technical debt. So for me, asymmetric advantage is the private sector and the government working together in that because what we've found is we used to have a lot of expertise on this stuff. You think cryptography, the government had that monopoly. Today, we do not. A lot of the innovation, a lot of the brain power is gonna be on the West Coast. It's gonna be an industry, it's gonna be in private companies and increasingly, it's gonna be international too, right? There's not gonna be this huge dominance in Silicon Valley. We're gonna see what the investments going on in Asia and elsewhere. We're gonna see others rise with really important things that they can contribute. So a coordinated approach is important.  Come to NSA, you can be part of that. I can tell you, you can come back to DEF CON and not worry other three letter agencies, maybe waitin' here for you too, right? So we can do that hacking stuff in a legal way. You gotta be clearable. So sorry, I know there's a heavy foreign contingent in here, but we'd be happy to talk to you. Go to the NSA website. So where cyber going? It really means that we've gotta innovate. We've gotta be engaged every single day. We've gotta counter the people who are engaging us at a level below the threshold of war and the people are gonna make the difference in that. So I've run past my time, they're about to give me the hook, but I'll wander, I think we're gonna go to the chill-out room if somebody's got a specific question. Thank you for your time and attention.


I want to welcome you. I don't know how many years this is we've been doing this. I think it's over 20. And we want to thank you so much. Of course we took a hiatus during COVID and it's been really kind of hard to get it all back together but we're really happy to be back together, to be back in the governor's mansion complex. We really appreciate that from them. And the Columbia Garden Club is one of our sponsors. I'm actually here from Columbia Garden Club. I borrowed this idea from the city of Asheville. Actually they had a group there that was doing this 20 and 30 years ago. And they actually put a beautiful calendar out every year. But since people don't use calendars anymore, we didn't ever get around to that point. But we want to welcome you and thank you for coming. Hopefully the weather will hold out for us. And after the ceremony at three o'clock, the governor's mansion T is being hosted by the Columbia Garden Club. Our club decorates. It's a busy time for the Columbia Garden Club. We do the tree at the state house. We do direct rate the governor's mansion for the people of South Carolina. And we do this and Arbor Day. So this is my third time today. This is treasured trees and to be a treasured tree, it isn't just you need to be either a special tree of numerous kinds, either a special species, an extra large species, a tree that somebody has loved and adored like a child climbs in. And we've had wonderful writings from children before we didn't get any this year from the kids. But it's really anything that makes it special to you. And we have a couple of these this year that are special to certain people. So let me start now with one. I'll start with the ball cypress at the Congaree National Park. John Greco is like the champion, champion of champions of the Congaree National Park. And a dear friend, and this is a ball cypress that is one of the largest in the Congaree National Park at 31 feet around. That's the conference at waste time. That's huge. A portion of the top of this tree, of this holla giant, broke over a decade ago and stands today, impaled upside down in the muck of the Indian hill gut. After exhausting, after the foresters in America exhausted white pines in the Northeast and the Midwest, the timber industry turned its attention in the late 19th century to the South's bottomland and hardwood forest. Ball cypress were particularly attractive to them because of the unbranched trunks and the wood durability. If you know much about cypress, you know it's pretty much resistant to rot. And only a few stands of mature trees are left untouched today of what was typical of the ancient forest. Some of them were left because, after repeated timber harvesting, because they were holla or had damage from age. Interestingly, most of this one in particular is found in the eastern section of the park outside of the beadle track, which is the park's old growth core. Thank you, John. Thank you. And I did catch that they'd written down his home address, and that is not somewhere you'd find one like that. OK, the next was nominated by another friend of mine, who's an architect, Heather Mitchell. She is not able to be here today, but she lives on Main Street. And this is a pinnacle that shades and defines Main Street. As owners of a third floor condominium with a unique balcony that is enhanced by its canopy, we're particularly value this tree. It makes us feel like we live in a tree house. We have nicknamed it McGregor. And also admire the personality of its unique art markings that make it look like eyes. The city street trees are such an important part of the character of Main Street. And we especially appreciate the fall color right in our front yard. So that is nominated by Heather Mitchell. She's on the 1,500 block of Main Street. I think that's the block. I think she's right across the museum. That archway in the picture makes it look like that. Yeah. That's a second story building with the overlook into Main Street. She says she's on the third story. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Third story up, yeah. Yeah. And she hated that she couldn't make it, but she owns Boudreaux Architects. So it's really good to have a tree lover as an architect. We save a lot of them that way. The next one is a Deodorosite cedar that is at 805 Kilburn Road here in Columbia. This massive Deodorosite is in our yard. The house was built in 1923, so it's possible that the tree is close to 100 years old. The pictures do not do it justice. It is both grateful and stately. The wood, the resin, and the bark have any inflammatory, any oxidant, and any cancer properties. Is Judy Hendricks here? Oh, you're Judy. I know we've met before. Thank you so much. Thank you very much. Appreciate you doing this.  Protect it with your life. And next one is really interesting to me, because I just remade a connection on Facebook with one of my roommates from college, or sweetmoats kind of, from college. And she saw my post and nominated her tree. This is a white oak at 912 Old Chapin Road in Lexington. And it's nominated by Pamela Harmon. But I call her Pam Little John still. And she says, meet Earl, our over 100-year-old white oak. He almost met his demise when Earl Seeley, see, see, see, Earl See, my husband's grandfather, almost cut him down as a sapling, because he was too close to the smokehouse. We now live in the house that was built in 1909. We moved the smokehouse to allow Earl to grow. He's a majestic tree for sure. He can be seen from the front of our house and dominates the backyard. So thank you so much. And I think this was our only one from the middle. This is Midland's treasured trees. And this is one of the only ones I think from Lexington. So that makes me a represent. Even after this. And she's still taller than me. And let's see. OK, the oak trees at Sesquicentennial Park. I think we have three of the rangers here to accept this. They were nominated by Stacy Jensen. A picturesque area of live oaks near the park spillway is probably the most photographed area of trees in the park. Many people have wedding and family photos taken with these live oaks as a natural backdrop. They also happen to be popular climbing trees for many kids who visit the park. These trees have touched many lives over their lifetime. OK, now we have a different tree. I don't know. I think this might be our first cumquat that we've had over the years. This is nominated by Glenn Cooper. And I'm assuming that Mr. Ralph Cooper was your father? His father, yes. Was this a year? No, somebody's getting accepted on this one. But was his father, because I knew him. This cumquat citrus tree planted by Ralph Cooper at Cooper's Nursery in the late 1990s. I'm assuming it was the 1890s, right? It says late 90s. Great citrus tree that produces hundreds of cumquats in the early fall and the fall to early winter. Did you eat the rind? The only citrus where you eat the rind. The rind. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you so much. Now we have a really special presentation, because this is one of my another dear, dear friend of mine that donated this part. Karen, did you nominate this as a sanctuary of treasure trees? I nominated the whole island. OK, that's what I thought. That's how I saw it. OK, this is the Boyd Island Sanctuary Grove. And we do have groves of treasured trees. We have which the State House and the Boylston and all the gardens here are all groves of treasured trees. We also have streets of treasured trees, which my street at Aston Avenue with the Ginkos is a street of treasured trees. So get your nominations ready for next year. But this starts with a towering hickory tree greets visitors as they cross the bridge under Boyd Island, providing some shade in the summer's heat and glowing with gorgeous gold as fall approaches into winter. Following the trail that encircles the seven-acre island, one can marvel at the diversity of the species on the island. Sable minor palm fronds accentuate the canopy above. There are southern magnolias on the high ground, along with colonies of buckeye and pawpaw. Box elders and red maples line the low ground along the riverbank and throughout the island. Spanish moth drapes year-round in its in abundance. Beauty is all around this island, befitting its name as a sanctuary. The juxtaposition of views from the long view across the granite outcroppings at the confluence of the broad and saloon rivers to the short view at the blooms beside the trail shows nature's palette is an unparalleled here. The city of Columbia is incredibly fortunate to have this gem within our greenway system, and we love sharing it with visitors. It was given by Susan Boyd of the Boyd Foundation, who has been very generous with the city. Is she here? Are you here? I tried to call her, but I didn't get to do it. And I went to see if that's a copy of the picture. Thank you, Karen. Karen takes care of all of our, she is the park ranger for the city, and does a fabulous job. Okay, I have the live oaks, well, the park. Correct, Mike? This is more the park, okay. Because I see L Mount Avenue and I was thinking that. On the northwest corner of Rosewood Park, along Montgomery Avenue, at its intersection with Holly, is a grove of live oak trees that grow more beautiful each year. The south end of the park, near the ball park, is shaded by a number of red oaks. In between there are more live oaks and a small variety of other species. Notably, the Rosewood community volunteers have planted new trees around the park. This speaks to the wonderful conservation ethic of the Rosewood neighborhood. They are looking forward to this shading the next generation while enjoying the present canopy. The park exemplifies community connection on any given day, especially on the weekends, you can find people gathering for picnics, to play basketball or catch, walk their dogs, scamper around the playground, and in the summer, in the glorious shade of these trees, it makes our heat a little more bearable. Thank you so much. Okay, two more. This is some Magnolia trees on Dallas Avenue. Am I pronouncing it right? Dallas Avenue. The Magnolia trees in our front yard not only are old, but they're massive. Two of them shade and cool our house in the summer and are great climbing or climbing or hanging a hammock from. They're a large part of why we purchased this house, which has been in our family now for 15 years. Our son loves sitting under them. I'm glad that, and if you go to the city, that one of the first Magnolias, the first year we did is a huge Magnolia as you go into the governance mansion. And now we have a Southern live up, Quakers Virginianus, Virginiana, five feet in diameter, says this tree is why we bought the house, the ownership. It is situated in a backyard and it is a certified backyard habitat. Stephen believes it may be the largest live oak in Rosewood neighborhood. It hosts opossums, raccoons, red-tailed hawks, barred owls, red-headed woodpeckers, and many other species of birds, as well as tree fogs, frogs, and fireflies. And I have seen his, Stephen is an artist, and I have seen his beautiful pictures on Facebook. It was gorgeous. Thank you. Thank you. Is it your house? Yes, it is. This is why I bought the house. It's a rainy day and everybody's saying buy a house, buy a house. I got up to the front porch and I stepped back and the canopy covers the entire house. I love it. It's unbelievable. I love it. Now is that all of them? Well, thank you all so much for coming. We really appreciate it and we love to celebrate trees. As you can tell, this is my thing.


Hi everyone Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com coming at you with that 2015 contenders football blaster box number six, which fills up select football 13 And we're giving away all those teams at the end of this break big thanks to Mark AJ Matthew Dario Alex and Kevin For getting in on this appreciate it. We're gonna do the break itself first and then we'll do the randomizer for the giveaway teams Five and a five ten times For the team for names and teams one hard ten two Three and tenth and final time. There you go. We got Kevin all the way down to mark and a hard ten for the teams two three and Tenth and final time after ten we got the Ravens down to the Texans There's the first half of the list right here. Here's the second half of Liz right here No trade window than these little filler breaks. It's just we just want to get to the the main break as quickly as possible Box these up center these up Blair saying with Joe. Oh, well, I'll be your dealer until that fortune until the fortunes change And then you can try Jason again Jared Walsh with a home run Also good for my fantasy team It's my 13 right now. Trout was on too. I never really get these camera angles correct here Get that as best as possible here Let's see what we've gotten here.  And we got a Gus Johnson rookie ink Autograph for the cowboys. I'll be for Kevin right. This was the Mario to Winston here This will go to the Rams that'll be for Kevin. Nice Blair, we'll get that on the schedule a little bit later We'll get that going for you. All right now. Let's give away those teams Then we'll see you for that select break boys and girls So let's grab everyone's names from Dario all the way down to Kevin and everyone in between here's some new dice there's a new list and It's gonna be the top 13 are gonna get into the action make that a little bit bigger. All right, so there you go so top 13 after We randomize is six and a four ten times. Good luck one two and 10th and final time. All right, so after 10 From 14 on down my apologies Sad times But I appreciate you trying happy times though for the top 13 you have teams Kevin Kevin Kevin Kevin Kevin Kevin Kevin Kevin Kevin Kevin are these all Kevin? No Matthews in spot five More Kevin's all right. So Matthew you snuck in Right here. There's the top 13. Kevin definitely have the odds Let's paste that right there Matt. You've got the colds Kevin. You have the rest big. Thanks to you For making this happen We'll put a little rooftop next to your name right there, so you know that you won this spot in this filler break I'm Joe for Jasper case breaks comm. I'll see you for that select football. Bye. Bye


This scoping review identified several strategies for communicating scientific evidence in health care to managers, and or population. These included risk-benefit communication, evident synthesis, teaching of learning, and plain language summaries. Risk-benefit communication using numerical data rather than percentages, absolute risk instead of relative risk, and number needed to treat were found to be more effective than positive or gain content. Evidence synthesis such as plain language summaries of Cochrane reviews were also perceived as more reliable, easier to find and understand, and better to support decisions compared to the original summaries. Teaching learning strategies such as informed health choices resources were found to improve critical thinking skills. This article was authored by Rachel Riera, Carolina de Oliveira Cruz Lataraca, Roberta Carrera, Moreira Padoves, and others.


I was about to leave. I just use a shotgun for nimble or stuff.  How do I? Yeah, how do I go down? Oh, here we go. So if I go here I'm on PC, man Ba ba ba ba Jumping reload That's the thing. Are you kidding me? You can jump and reload in this game looking for the blue Hello Please show me the blue. I will find you Then again, I found two up there. So it may not spawn here Yeah, I might just go between four and eleven. I don't know if it's one here. You can mount monsters with an HPG That's something I plan to look into soon like I never was a I was like, man, I got to learn how to I never was like man. I need to learn how to mount these monsters I just never thought that would be I don't know I Look into it soon enough Definitely good a way to get good way to get them down I've seen others do it and they're very good at it All right, I'm going to uh between four and eleven Which is right there That needleberry is my little dude bum bum bum bum Mounting can make some battles easier. Oh, definitely. Definitely Most definitely. I agree with that. All these people join this party and I'm about to leave I think I'll find one more. I'm gonna I'm gonna be done I'll be so happy and then we can go to the next area and do the same thing Go to the next area. We gotta do it four times. So Okay, uh looking Looking see he's got some difference No No blue here. Is that them there? No I blame the rain chat. Would you like some scout fries with that? Hmm fries made of scouts Delicious Um, they didn't spawn man. I guess I'm resetting Going to level maybe 11 That's kind of where I'm going. That's where I ran up for a month Could it be the rain washing away all our Sorrows This is four. Where's 11? 11 is north All right, I go north You know, you can get resources just by doing quests, right? We didn't we weren't sure that worked before but If I do quests in here, is it going to give me credit like before Because I asked that same question and people weren't sure if it worked here It will work. Okay So if I don't find it, we can just kill something Or just find one more footprint. I'm gonna find one more footprint chat Because I think I just need one more man If I reset go to area one and be done You saw a blue something too late. We're going back It's too late now, man. I have committed That's a cool thing about resets, man. Look at cool thing about resets Just reset and get it By the time I find what you're looking for I could have reset The southwest, right? Yeah Brutal you have a good night too, man. Hopefully I help you make your decision It's not raining. Therefore the tracks won't wash away wink Wink wink High-ranking expedition options of course for progression research track. Yeah, we did that for uh, uh, Rathian And that saved me a lot of time Um But we weren't sure if this actually did that the fisherman's quest. I don't want that yet We weren't sure if this one did it yet.  Um For this one because I think that's it right there. All right Nope, that is green. Come on Where you at Don't do me like this There wasn't one here in the last one either. I'm gonna have to go to rathians area Rathian rathian smatheon crathian Haven't seen blue yet Green. What does the color mean? Uh, green is just normal dudes Blue is the elder dragons apparently All right, I've looked too long. I've committed. I'm moving But but uh, but but um, but but uh, but uh, dumb Do do do do do I think what if they ain't here chat. I will eat my own food Come on blue Come on blue You can do it bones Just think of blue as special Just like these quality bones. I'm gonna find no but that's that's that's not a quality bone chat Come on blue There they are. I see them. I see the blue I see. Oh give it to daddy. There's a two. I'm out of here. Goodbye. Let's report back and let's do the thing Hey, man, I get excited when I when I find tracks That's one. I think we got four of these uh three or four Three. Okay. So I got two more speak to the field team leader chat All right I'm not talking to you All right, y'all ready to fight the chat. Let's go for it A kusharva dober I will fight the kusharva door the dragon of steel SOS going up asap ap Have you upgrade your gear weapon lately? Uh today I went up a new tier today You'll find the kusharva.  I got this cutscene chat Cutscene hunting first and then I can fire an sos I use all my stamina.  I was just about to eat Well, I found the cutscene chat Uh-oh Here comes death Here come death across here come death across right now turn the clock Oh My gosh Oh, that that felt good in it. Yes Why didn't that pierce your armor?   He's like Don't stop running when you good god. I'm gonna die I gotta eat too, man. I don't have any stamina to eat any food Don't hit me. Let's see what I want to do first Did he hit him? Nope Right in the tip tooth Okay, that can probably hurt me. Oh, that looks painful frank. This is where the pain starts I don't have stamina for this Frank's dead. It's all over for me me ouster Okay, I was trying to get the thing that was a bad idea That was a bad idea. Well, at least I can eat now I don't expect to kill this guy the first time chat. So when I if it does happen, it's a big surprise Let's eat Just did not do any of this prep before chat Right there. He's right there And uh steak I was already fulled up from other food. Okay. We're good. Go block and block I'm mitigating most of that. I don't know what he's gonna do I don't know what he's gonna do or when he's gonna do it chat Nice nice Nice to do Nice to do where's his head? I can't see his head. I I missed Crap, I missed slicing. Oh, where's this wind? Oh, that stays there I could have swear I blocked that give me this Was that poison? That's life, right? That's poison. Never mind Did not know he was gonna do that Oh, he smells blood in the pain. Thank you.  Be baddie baddie Bad body not eat you Nitro toad, I wonder if I touch it will it explode Reload all the guns surprise we haven't had a visitor yet. Okay Some unpredictable stuff going on I blocked that too. Oh, he's here. I just missed that whole part Okay, so can I run through this? Oh my goodness Okay This is this is kind of unfair. I can't help my team. He's drooling Mistake, I should just blocked it. What are they talking about? That cutscene Cool I can eat again. Uh-huh. I have a feeling you will go and do that. Oh goodness Gracious me. Oh, I should have blocked that What that dude? No, no, no, no, no, no like this Okay, okay. We have a little thank you, sir about that For the bc powder I had a headache. Oh, he is just spastic. Oh my goodness. I don't know what This is rng.  Will you stop screaming? Jeez Well, look what's waiting up here. I do recognize that as death No, don't reload. Don't reload not like these the one mistake that cost him the game. Oh, no No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no


Right, we're over here. You've seen this hose on TV here hook up the backside. Yeah All right, you've seen this hose on TV the expanding holes the amazing expanding holes pretty tiny right now I'm gonna hook it up to the water Let's see kinks come out Stretches out. Let me see what's what's your foot? See what happens with this falls All right, turn it on You know, let's see how accurate that a infomercial whatever you want to call it is Here's the amazing expandable holes Yeah, it's leaking right from the joint All right What's going on here? We turn the water on nothing's happening. It's happening. What's happening? What is this? Will you kidding me? Look at this. Yeah, the amazing expanding holes. It's leaking right out of the holes Look at it. The amazing expanding holes.  Yeah, beautiful


I was a communist for the FBI. Carring Dana Andrews and an exciting tale of danger and espionage. I was a communist for the FBI. You are about to hear a strange story. Names, dates, and places are, for obvious reasons, fictional. But many of these incidents are based on the actual experiences of Matt Sabetic, who, for nine fantastic years, lived as a communist for the FBI. Here is our star, Dana Andrews, as Matt Sabetic.  For nine years I was torn apart inside with hating of the red lies and yet spouting them every day of the week. Only my knowledge that had to be done kept me going as a communist for the FBI. In a moment, listen to Dana Andrews as Matt Sabetic, undercover man. Matt Sabetic, undercover man. This story from the confidential file is marked, the rat race. Detroit, a small smoky room, a handful of nervous men. It was a communist cell meeting, and like all the others I had attended, it was overcast with a tension of fear. It seemed like it would be a routine meeting. As we stood waiting for our cell leader, Comrade Greco, the pudgy, moustache, gorgie, Thomas Shobner, babbled his troubles to me. So she says to me, Comrade, she says, Gorgie, why you got to go to meeting tonight? And I tell her, look, Bobca, how did I know your cousin was coming tonight to visit? And cousin or not, Bobca, the party with me comes first. You should bring your wife into the party, too, Comrade Gorgie. Comrade Matt, no one, not even Comrade Stalin could bring my wife. No place you don't want to go. That's so stubborn like this. Comrades. Comrade Greco. Comrade Svetlik. Yes, Comrade Greco. Remain up to the meeting. I have something special for you. Yes, Comrade. Before we take up the business at hand, Comrade Gorgie, Thomas Shobner. Yes. Are you aware of the way your wife speaks regarding the party? Oh, yes, Comrade. She says to... How are the communists for the FBI? Barring Dana Andrews and an exciting tale of danger and espionage. I was a communist for the FBI. We're about to hear a strange story. Names, dates, and places are, for obvious reasons, fictional. But many of these incidents are based on the actual experiences of Matt Sabetik, who, for nine fantastic years, lived as a communist for the FBI. Here is our star, Dana Andrews, as Matt Sabetik.  For nine years, I was torn apart inside with hating of the red lies and yet spouting them every day of the week. Only my knowledge that it had to be done kept me going as a communist for the FBI. In a moment, listen to Dana Andrews as Matt Sabetik, undercover man. Matt Sabetik, undercover man. This story from the confidential file is marked the rat grace. Detroit, a small smoky room, a handful of nervous men. It was a communist cell meeting, and like all the others I had attended, it was overcast with a tension of fear. It seemed like it would be a routine meeting. As we stood waiting for our cell leader, Comrade Greco, the Pudgy Moustache Gorgie Tamashovna, babbled his troubles to me. So she says to me, Comrade, she says, Gorgie, why you got to go to meeting tonight? And I tell her, look, Bapka, how did I know your cousin was coming tonight to visit? And cousin or not, Bapka, the party with me comes first. You should bring your wife into the party too, Comrade Gorgie. Comrade Matt, no one, not even Comrade Stalin, could bring my wife to places I don't want to go. Not Dana. So stubborn like this. Comrades. Comrade Greco. Comrade Sretik. Yes, Comrade Greco. Remain up to the meeting. I have something special for you. Yes, Comrade. Before we take up the business at hand, Comrade Giorgi Tamashovna. Yes. Are you aware of the way your wife speaks regarding the party? Oh, yes, Comrade. She says too much, Comrade, some of which she has learned from you. Of course, honest, my wife, you know how to... I know nothing except you must convert her to the party immediately or get rid of her. Yes, Comrade Greco. Very well. Let's proceed with the meeting. That was Comrade Greco, a smart young red fanatic rising rapidly in the party. You do his ability to ignore the human problems of more simple men like Gordy Tamashovna. When Greco and I were alone after the meeting, his guard came down a little, and I saw that he was both nervous and excited about something. You will go immediately to the hotel stand-ish. Ask for the key room 117. It has been reserved for you. Yes, Comrade. You will ask no questions. That is good. Stay in the room. Awake. No phone calls, not even to the desk. I understand, Comrade. You're a good man to work with. Let me speak to the waiter wearing a hat. Speaking? This is your customer with a car nation. Have to make it fast. I'm in a phone booth and I've got a date. Where? Hotel stand-ish, room 117. Don't know what's up. Awesome. Not if you can spare one. Have a man whip over and wire room 117 in the stand-ish. I have a hunch this is important. We want them at that trial, and we want them bad. Yes, sir. May I help you? That's why I rang the bell. You have a reservation for me, room 117. 117? My name is Svedic. Oh, sir. Here you are. The register has already been signed. Thank you. Wait. This is the wrong key. I asked for 117. You gave me... 655. But it's the right key. Come in. Oh. Instructions are that you're to go right up. Front boy. No matter what the clerk called it, the switch of rooms had me stuck. I was taken to room 655. As soon as the bellhop had left, I started to go down and inform the FBI man of the change. But even as I started to open my door, the phone rang. Hello? Certainly. What's the idea? Sorry, comrade. To check on my room? We hadn't missed a bet. I was in room 655, and that was where I was going to stay. By down in room 117, an FBI man was installing a microphone in vain. There was only one thing for me to do. Wait. It was a long one. Then, at 20 minutes to three, the wait was over. Who is it? Greco. Oh, come in, comrade. Oh, have the janitor with you. Inside quickly. Comrade Greco, is he one of us? The cover also fooled you. He's not the hotel janitor. Look more closely. Well, sure. What? What grailing rossin? But, but... But, comrade rossin, this is comrade Matswetek. It's a pleasure. I see you know me. Who doesn't? You're one of the most important men in the party. Exactly. Too important to have to go through the, the mini of a trial. It's your job, sir. I escape that. I must not stand trial. They won't get you to trial, comrade rossin. But isn't he on bond? It's a thousand dollars bond. The party will be glad to sacrifice that to save comrade rossin from jail. The FBI will turn the city inside out looking for... Let them. He won't be here. That's why you are here, comrade Matswetek. We are taking comrade rossin out of the city. Now. Out of the city? The minute he shows his face on the street... Leave the details to me, comrade. Yes. Fine. It's right on schedule. We'll be right down. Well... All set. Yeah, this way. To the service elevator. It's a great honor to be selected for this mission, comrade Greco. But why are you... Your record shows some intelligence, comrade. That is why. I could not use the others like tamasovna.  You push, they go. You stop pushing, they stop. No minds. Just whys to nag and make problems. And now you can forget your worries, comrade. There is your escape. Perfect, no? Of course. I don't like this joke. It's not funny. No, no, comrade rossin. This is only a precaution against discovery until we're out of the city. The rest of the trip will be different. The rest? Yes. Didn't I tell you? We are taking comrade rossin to New York. It took us less than 30 seconds to get the red-faced perspiring rossin across the freight platform and into the back of the hearse. The commie leader wasn't made any happier at the sight of a long black coffin open for business. Oh, no, I don't ride with coffins. You have to. It's all right. It's a lovely coffin. Here, see? The inside is a bit satin. Lay down and try it out. Lie down? Oh, no. Not until I'm a corpse. Would you rather go to jail? All right, I'll lie down. And I think I'll take a pill. Good. The comrade's reticule drive. Here's the uniform coat and the cap. Now change quickly. Now, I will remain in back. If we are stopped, I am demortitioned. Frederick Dodds. Dodds? I remember. All right. And in this coffin will be the earthly remains of one John Carter being taken to the Greenland Cemetery in Rockwood where the poor thing will be cremated. It was bizarre and the comrade lost in a little boosom, but it worked. There was Graco keeping a close eye on me from the back. There was no chance to let anyone know that a very live and wanted body was lying in the coffin. On the way, I was given some instructions. Then a few miles south of Detroit, Graco directed me to turn into a small and decrepit wayside garage called Mike's Place. Drive right inside. Right, Mike. Close the door. Right on time, comrades. Well, I like your choice of help, comrade Graco. Introduce him. Later, my lovely comrade. All right. Come out, comrade Ross. I'd be most happy to. This way, please. All of you. Nerve-wracking this business of escape. I should take another pill. Take two. It's a long way to New York.  Please have seats, comrades. I'm sorry this office has much to offer in the way of comfort. How long are we going to stay here? I just knew we could do something besides drive. Look out, comrade Matt. Don't warn him. Introduce him. All right, Matt. This is candy. Short for candies. Short for Rosemary Wilkinson. Candy fits better. Candy is perfect. Oh. Candy is sticky. And that's the way you impress me, comrade. What? Score, comrade. Better forget it, Rosie. Don't call me Rosie. And comrade Matt. Yeah? Candy can be soft and sweet. But it can also be hard. I don't think you'll like hard candy. Please, please. When do we leave? It's raining up your car now. It'll only be a few minutes, comrade Rossin. Call me grayling, my dear comrade. Did you check the radio? Yes, nothing on it. The FBI are keeping it quiet so far. Probably figured he'll show up soon. Mike knows what to do with the hearse? Sure. He'll ditch it back in Detroit before daybreak. Oh, sure. Excuse me. I think I'll wash my hands. Break up. Sit down, Sonny. No, all I wanted to do... Harders. Until comrade Rossin is safely out of the country, none of us will be alone at any time. The comrade is taking no chances on this mission. Yes, but... I repeat, those are orders. Disobey them or even try to disobey them. And it will mean your instant removal. Now back to Dana Andrews starring as Matt Civic. And I was a communist for the FBI and the second act of our story. That's Mike with the car. No, Dente. That's it. Let's go. It was a red-hot deal. One of America's biggest commies arrested two weeks before was jumping his bail. With the help of the party, Grayling Rossin was fleeing the FBI and his trial. And I was right in the middle of it. And I couldn't do a thing, stop it. So long, Mike. Roll it, comrade. Oh, are you coming too? I knew you'd be pleased. I am pleased, my dear. Your company is most refreshing. Flatter. After that cough and anything would be refreshing. As a matter of fact, this is my idea, comrade. When the police are seeking a single man, a group can be much less noticeable. No matter whose idea, the only important thing is that I am not caught again by the FBI. Keep it in mind, Greco. My safety comes above everything else. Of course. Rosie, turn on the radio. Let's hear the news. You'll call me that once too often, Greco. News on the hour every hour, 24 hours a day. Here is your 5 a.m. edition, headlined by a bulletin just released. Grayling Rossin, communist party boss, indicted last week, disappeared a few hours ago and is suspected of jumping his $50,000 bond. Local authorities believe Rossin may not have left the city, but informed sources reveal the FBI has begun a nationwide search for the missing man who may be trying to escape the country. On Capitol Hill, hopes have risen high that an agreement may be reached within a short... They're working too fast. I've expected a widespread search so soon. Turn off the next dirt road, we'll circle south to Mansfield. All right, pull up here. Where are we going? That big white house with the Elms in front. Looks like it's all clear. But you stay in the car with Grayling Rossin. Matt and I will make sure. Greco, is this the right house? Let's sign this. Miss Blanche Harris, piano lessons. Yes, I can read. Yes. Good morning, madame. It's Miss. Miss, of course. I... Have a child. Do you want me to teach piano? Mighty. Early. My little boy is very anxious. He just arrived from Detroit. Oh. Do you know the answer to five times five? Of course. Thirty-one. Ah, come in, come in. I am Greco. This is Comrade Sweatwick, Comrade Harris. Comrade Harris. You are alone? Yes. I was just starting breakfast. My first pupil won't arrive for an hour yet. Where is... Outside, in the car. We need to stay here for a while until things quiet down. It's an honor to help Comrade... Please. It is best to name never be mentioned. I understand. I have to put you up in the attic. It's kind of dirty, I'm afraid. I haven't been much on climbing those stairs since I picked up a touch of... Oh, it would be fine. Just as long as it keeps us out of FBI hand. This Harris' attic, like gall, was divided into three parts. One large room, a bath, and a tiny additional room against the eaves. There were cots and blankets and stores of canned goods, a fair supply of debris left by previous tenants, and one window securely boarded and cuttened against showing a light. Many of our comrades have stayed here while evading the police, but, of course, never anyone so important as yourself, Comrade. Thank you. The party won't forget your word. The men can use this large room. And I get the broom, Claudio. Enough. There's a special radio set under. You can pick up Toledo on it. Is there anything else I can get for you? I'd like to check the papers. I'll run out and get... You stay here, Comrade. None of us will leave the attic for any reason. Until we leave it together. Becker was clean enough. As long as he was around, I knew my chances of contacting the FBI were exactly zero. My one bit of cheer was that as long as I was not heard from, the FBI would be able to guess I was in on Rawson's escape and that he had not yet left the country. So they would continue to search. And in this, I was right. Today, the manhunt for Grayling Rawson goes on, undiminished.  As a public service, we're broadcasting his description again. If you see or have seen such a man, please contact your local police immediately.  They ever give up. Oh, no. Not again. Comrade Harris must give lessons to every child in Mansfield. Little monsters. This is over. I'm going out and strangle everyone I see, just on general principle. Well, it won't be long. Search or no search, we have to live here in two days to be in New York by the 18th. The 18th? Why the 18th? You'll know in time. And stop asking questions. You'll live longer. I think I'll take a pill. But it wasn't much. But Rawson had given me an idea on how to get rid of Graykill, at least temporarily. I remembered what Rawson had said about two of his pills being too much. That they made him ill. For the next day while Rawson was washing, I stole four of the tablets from the gold pill box in his vest. I mashed the tablets into a powder and kept it in a fold of paper, ready. During our last meal before leaving on the 17th, I palmed a folder of powder, waiting my chance to slip it into Graykill's soup. Then I realized I'd have to make my own chance. Well... Without a can opener in this place, we'd starve to death. At least with that hot plate we've had warm food, that sun... Look, is that smoke coming out over that floor? I don't see any smoke. I guess I must have been mistaken. It looked like a whistle of smoke coming up there. You're seeing things, comrade. That's enough for me. But it didn't finish your soup. I don't feel like it. We'll have a long drive tonight. You may need it. But it'll help you, right? That's enough. We'll be leaving as soon as it gets dark. It is time, comrades. Good. We must be in New York by morning. Come on, Graykill. Something wrong? You look pale. Just a stomach ache. I'll be all right. Graykill! Graykill! I had food. I knew it. We'll all die. Oh, nonsense. He just got a stomach ache. Should I get a doctor? No, no doctor. Just let me rest. We must leave right away. There's no time for you to rest. You must get me away. I don't think I can make it. Comrade Svajik. Yes? I must trust you. Both leaving New York tomorrow morning, ten o'clock. What boat? Polish freighter or Neda. Arrangements all made. Good luck, comrade. After comrade Harris furnished grilling rosin with working clothes and a hat, we were on our way. Graykill being left behind gave me hope. I abided my time until we were entering Wormsport, Pennsylvania. It was after three, and both rosin and candy were dozing as I pulled up to an all-night café. Then as I reached for the door handle, a small, cold circle touched the back of my neck. It's a gun, Matt. Graykill's gun. I don't understand candy. Why? I don't trust you. I was only going to get some... Art is worth for us to stay together.  We made it. There's the Neda. You'll be safe before you know it, Grayling. Yes, I suppose so. Strange. In some way, I... I hate to leave America. It has its points. Well, you better stay here. Goodbye, comrade. I watched Rosson go to the loading foreman, and in a moment, the commie was in the line of workers carrying a box into the freighter's hold through the loading hatch. Whatever I was going to do had to be done fast. At that moment, a burly stevedore brushed by us. I threw a shoulder into him, and he hit the deck. Then he got up, and with a hitch of his dungarees, he started for me, followed by a half-dozen others, sensing the ball. Come on, Matt. Let's go. I'll take care of you, boyfriend. Hey, you crumbs.  You'll hand me some knuckles. I grew them, you guys.  Beat it. Beat it. It was the hard way that I was free of candy who faded fast at the sight of the police. Me, I got a free trip to the station. Once there, however, I was permitted to make a call. It was to the FBI, and I told them where they could pick up Grayling Rawson. Fifteen minutes later, a visitor entered my cell. Hello, Matt. No. What are you doing here? I was assigned to handle the tickets. That's a nice mouse. Both of them. No, never mind my eyes. Did you get Rawson? No. I never sailed just before you called. Oh, no. It's all right. The rowboats are intercepting the freighter before she gets past the three-mile limit. They'll take Rawson up and bring him back to stand trial. Oh, that's better. Rough go? Rough enough. And this little deal is going to take some explaining to the party. Oh, we've covered you on that. Oh. A story to the press is that somebody on the freighter tipped this up. Thanks. All right, ought to clear me. Sure, why not? All you did was get into a fight over an insult to your girl. Give me if I don't walk out with you. She's a pretty one, Matt. What's her name? Candy. Hard Candy. I'd done my job the best I could, but there was no feeling of satisfaction yet. There wouldn't be. Not as long as mechanics named Mike and piano teachers named Harris allow the rottenness of communism to walk them into treachery and treason. It was up to me to live with my enemies until a job was done, which meant I would continue to walk alone. Dana Andrews will return in just a moment. This is Dana Andrews. Too often, the warm security of family and friends can blind us to the threat of subversive elements hard at work trying to destroy our way of life. We must meet that threat with alertness and determination that freedom can and will survive. Join us next week when we bring you another exciting experience at Matt's Wedding, won't you?


Welcome to What Chelsea Eads! Thank you so much for joining me today. I am coming on here and I'm going to talk about emotional issues and shrinking fibroids. It's not just about what we put in our mouth. So, but before I get started, I want to tell you that I am having another foods to avoid to shrink fibroid tumors free webinar on January 7th, 2018, if you missed the last two that I held. Actually, I think I've held three. Hey there! How are you doing Dominique? Nice to see you. And the second thing that I have going on is free coaching sessions. So, if you're interested in a free 30-minute coaching session, you can click the link below in the description. And I will later put one in the information bar so that you can click up above to sign up for a free coaching session if that's something you're interested in. Also, I have a free foods to avoid Facebook group to shrink fibroid tumors Facebook group. There's a link below. And also, if you think that there's anybody who might be able to who might want to benefit from this video, please share it. Share it with everybody you know. Also, I'm on every week at noon Eastern Standard Time on YouTube and I do YouTube live. So, you can ask me questions and I do a Facebook live at 11 a.m. on Facebook on my page What Chelsea Eats. So, now I'm going to get into emotional issues and shrinking fibroids. So, the thing that people always ask me is how do I shrink fibroids and how do I what do I eat? How do I what do I avoid all those things? So, I'm always addressing those types of things. But there is a much deeper issue when it comes to fibroid tumors. There are emotional issues that are attached to fibroid tumors. So, some of the questions I'm going to read off some questions for you and then give you something to think about. When we have these issues in our life, it causes fibroids to grow. I can tell you right now what my issue was. What are fibroids? Fibroids are tissues that attach themselves to women's uterus in or around the uterus and it causes things like infertility, heavy bleeding, menstrual pain, things of that nature. So, fibroid tumors affect women, a lot of women in our country every day. There's over 600,000 women who are getting hysterectomies every day and most of those reasons are because of fibroid tumors. So, that answers your question. But I'm going to give you some questions to ask yourself about your emotions. And I can tell you that my issue with fibroids is I was afraid that people were going to abandon me. I'll get to that question in just a second. So, I did that my whole life. I was afraid people were going to leave me. So, from walking around in that fear all the time, my body developed fibroids. That was the root of my fibroid problem. And so, usually your issue is whatever that dominant thing is that you're always concerned about all the time is probably what your problem is. And you can ask yourself questions like, are you angry? And if you're angry, what are you angry about? Who are you angry at? Are you bitter? What are you bitter about? Who are you bitter at? Do you have mommy issues? Do you have daddy issues? Do you have boyfriend issues? Do you have husband issues? Are you stressed all the time? And if so, what is the main stressor? What is the thing that is constantly attacking you? What is the thing that consumes you? Like that thing, what is it? Everybody has something that they have to deal with, but ask yourself, what is it? And if you're planning on shrinking fibroids naturally, you have to deal with your emotional issues. There is no way around it. Like, I mean, I've seen people who have really small fibroids, they might get rid of the fibroid or whatever, but usually what will happen is they might make the lifestyle change and they'll get rid of the little fibroid, but because they didn't deal with the issues that was causing the fibroids in the first place, emotionally, it'll grow back. And that's what happens to women too. If they have myomectomies, they'll go and get the myomectomy, get rid of the fibroid. And I can't tell you how many stories I hear about women saying, well, the fibroid came back in a few years and it's worse. Or now they're saying, I need a hysterectomy. You would not be surprised. It's kind of like you have to deal with the issues. And a lot of you might be listening to this. Well, yeah, I know what my problem is. Like, I know what my main concern is or what my issue is. Maybe I'm mad at my mother because she didn't do or did do this to me or that to me. Well, what do I do about that? How do I walk through that? And so it would be ignorant of me to sit here and tell you what I think you should do about those problems without knowing what your issue is. So what you have to do is figure out if you have somebody in your life that you can, that can help work through that with you, or you can get a coach, you can get a counselor, you can get therapists or whatever to help you work through some of those issues. I, I do coaching and that is one of the things that I help women do whenever they are trying to shrink fibroids. I help them to work through their emotional issues. So you can sign up for a free coaching session. I can tell you whether or not we can work together and I could help you with those issues or maybe we can work on a particular issue in the 30 minute time slot that, that I have available for free coaching. I'm more than happy to do that. But the, the thing that I want you all to know is shrinking fibroids is bigger than just looking at what you eat. The eating is the first thing you've got to, you've got to, you got to nix all the crappy food because nothing's going to happen until you do that. Like that'll help with all the heavy bleeding and all that stuff. But to get completely and totally healed, one of the things you will have to do is address the emotional issues, because the emotional issues is part of why you had to vibrate in the first place. And that stuff just needs to be healed up and you can get healed. And a lot of people feel like their situations are worth or like helpless, like there's nothing that they can do about it and that's not true. There are things you can do to be healed emotionally. It just seems so overwhelming probably because you've been dealing with the issue probably your whole life or at least a good chunk of your life. And the thing is, is that you can't change other people, but you certainly can make changes in your own life and you can decide how you're going to live your life. So for example, say, you know, you don't have a good relationship with your sister and your sister is always on you criticizing you. I don't know whatever the problem is and she's just never going to change, but she's your sister. You can choose how you deal with your sister and you have to deal with the fact that I got to get healing in my heart for whatever my sister did, whether or not she changes or not, I have to be okay myself. That's just an example. So that's all I really wanted to talk about today, but if you have any particular questions about drinking fibroids, female health, anything like that, feel free to ask those questions. The vitamin D question came up and I didn't see the full question. It was about vitamin D. If you want to ask that question again, feel free to ask it.  It's very common for us to have low vitamin D and when you go and get your physical yearly, doctors don't automatically check it, but if you go to the doctors and you're getting your physical just say, hey doc, can you check my vitamin D? Could you work while vitamin D deficient? Could you work while that vitamin D deficient? Like work a job? Is that what you mean? If that's what you mean, yes. I was that vitamin D deficient and I was able to work, but like I was tired and like I was experiencing a bunch of symptoms from having vitamin D deficiency. So the answer is yes, but it depends on your situation and also it's easy to, it's easy. Hi Tamara, it's easy to combat vitamin D. All you have to do is just start taking a quality vitamin D and within months, your, you know, a few months your vitamin D should be up to par. I regularly take five to 10,000 vitamin D every single day so that I don't, 10,000, it's my, is it MCG? That's what it is. 10,000, 5,000 to 10,000 MCG so that my vitamin D doesn't dip low because I know how I am when my vitamin D is low. It's not good. I try to take it every day. Most days I take it, but sometimes I forget. Okay, so your question Tamara, yes, stressor is a huge, stress is a huge factor. As a matter of fact, if you did everything else perfectly and you still kept the stress in your life, there is a chance that the vibrate won't shrink because of that. You have to deal with it. And if there are things that you cannot change, you have to learn how to manage it. And also you cannot hold on to unforgiveness and bitterness and anger and resentment. And this person did that to me. I'll never forgive them. If you're saying stuff like that, your body will not heal. It's almost impossible. I have heard many women say, well, he did this to me or she did that to me and I will never forgive her or him. And let me tell you, that's a disaster right there. So you might want to ask God to help you with that thought process because if you don't forgive or get, you know, let that stuff go, you can't, you can't, you can't shrink the fibroids. I felt like I had to quit my job. Yeah, you will feel like that, Dominique. You'll feel like you have to quit because you don't have any energy or anything. But, you know, you can get that vitamin D up. You just have to take a quality supplement. And also it could be other factors that are causing you to feel worse too, because usually when people are deficient in vitamin D, they're deficient in this and that, you know, so they could be just generally minerally deficient. That's what my problem was. I was deficient in just about every mineral there was. So I had to go and flood my body with minerals. And I have talked about that in other videos on how to do that too. There's one where I was like combat anemia. There's one where I talk about it. And I talk about the different minerals that I take in order to make, you know, cause my body to get minerally flooded. And also it has to do with what kinds of foods you're putting in your mouth every day. If you're putting junk in your mouth, you're going to be minerally deficient. That's just the reality of it. You can't expect to put foods that are dead, processed, denatured in your body every day, every meal, even part of the time and expect to have the new nutrients that your body needs and to feel healthy and strong. So yeah. Any other questions? Don't forget to sign up for the next foods to avoid to shrink fibroid tumors webinar. It's on January 7th, 2018. I can't believe 2018 is right around the corner. And it's at 2 p.m. Eastern Standard Time. I was eating a lot of processed foods. Yeah, Dominique, that's why honey. That's why. We need to eat lots of plants, fruits and vegetables. I'm not saying you have to be, you know, a vegan or just a primarily plant-based eater, but you have to fill your body with raw fruits and vegetables as much as you possibly can. Try to make that 70% of your plate every day for every meal and you'll start to feel better, but you probably need to supplement. Unfortunately, lots of people need to supplement because they're just so far gone as far as the nutrients. But we have to practice eating nutrient dense foods in order to make sure that our bodies have the nutrients that we need and the other thing to the processed foods, it messes with our digestion. So even when we're trying to halfway do a good job, we can't digest the foods and assimilate the nutrients in the food because our digestive tracts are so messed up because of the all the processed foods that we have in our belly and usually people's guts and you have vitamin deficiency, your gut is messed up too. So you're not absorbing all of your nutrients from your food either. And I don't recommend going to buy some cheap supplement that doesn't have a good quality, that's not a good quality one because you're wasting your money there too, because that's a bunch of junk too. And it's hard to decipher what is, you know, what's good and what's not. So if you run across a supplement that I have recommended on my channel, it's not because like I'm affiliated with or anything, it's because I've used it and I've tried it and I know that it has worked for me. I can't make any guarantees that the supplement is going to work for you. I can just make recommendations based on my own experience or experience of my clients or something like that. So yeah, so what would you guys like to know about? I want to do, you know, add more videos to the channel weekly. And if there's something that you want to know about, I would like to hear about it as well. So put your questions below or add your questions. And unfortunately, I can't see any question after the live is over. But if you're watching this and there's no, and you're no longer live, you can put comments at the bottom in the comment section and I answer every last comment that I see. The only way I don't answer your question is because I didn't see it. And sometimes YouTube does something with the comments and, you know, you can't, you don't actually see them. It's better now than it used to be, but it was difficult in the past. So I just wanted to share that information with you. So if there's no more questions, then I will go ahead and close the live. Okay. So no more questions. I will talk to you all soon. Take care.