Everyone happy Monday. It is Monday August 23rd. It's actually my sister's birthday So if any of you know my sister Jennifer lair Wish her a happy birthday today I'm actually going to be my seeing my sister later this week even though she lives one province over than me Sadly our grandmother passed away. She was 96 and she lived a full life She was full of emin vinegar Probably right through to the end So we're celebrating her life later this week in Alberta. So I'll have a chance to see my sister So it's been kind of a wonky week and weekend, you know, hearing of my grandmother's passing Getting ready to head out to Alberta and of course getting ready for the week ahead and it was really not until this morning that I have felt off for months and You know, hi You can there's a number of reasons why I could have been off, you know, obviously Working on a new business during times of COVID presents a multitude of challenges and questions and and such But I've done this before so it wasn't really that But this morning as I feel kind of back to normal I realized what it was and it was the heat so Kelowna I live in Kelowna, BC, which is in the central Okanagan It has been hot and dry literally since April But today I get to wear a sweater my cardigan for the first time I think since May My windows are open to allow this cool breeze to come through There's a light pattern of rain every now and again, and I finally just feel Almost back to normal And I think it was the heat summer has never been my favorite season. I love fall and I love winter But this summer was tough with The heat here in the Okanagan the forest fires as you may have heard we've been under smoky skies for weeks But now we're starting to finally see the the smoke clear out as the cooler temperatures come in and And help with that situation. So I'm finally feeling back to normal I also love back to school, which for me is back to goal setting, you know Getting ready for Q4 and and finishing the year off with a bang So super excited about that as well. I'd love to hear from you. Like how has how does summer? Manifest in your world does it energize you does it drain you does it have you Planning holidays and vacations to kind of get over The work stress that you might have drop in the comments what you like to do in summer for me I'm just glad that it's almost over so I can focus on my favorite season ahead Which is the fall and there is a ton of great stuff happening this fall I wanted to bring your attention to a webinar It's a it's a panel taking place this Thursday Hosted by PCM maze Canada West chapter and it's a student information panel featuring a number of Hospitality industry veterans and professionals talking to students about their careers and their lives in hospitality a Good friend of mine Stephanie Lynch from explore Edmonton is also on the panel. I am kind of on the panel So this is what happened with my grandmother's passing. I have to travel later this week So after this video, I'm going to record my Part of the student information panel and send it over to PCM maze Team to put together for Thursday But join Thursday if you're a student if you're new in hospitality and if you're even rethinking your career in Hospitality, I invite you to attend the student information session Happening this Thursday. You can find the link to register in the description for this video either up above down below Not sure where you're going to see it Here's the second thing to look forward to for fall. I Created a five-day LinkedIn challenge. So this challenge is for people who? Just want to get comfortable with different content types on LinkedIn So I've identified five content types that I think perform really well on LinkedIn Create engagement with your target audience So if you want to learn a little bit about these content formats, maybe pick up a tip or trick To add to your content rotation. I invite you to join the challenge. The challenge is taking place now Through to kind of the middle of September So you can join anytime and then you get the five-day videos in sequence Go to liankohlerwood.com forward slash LinkedIn Challenge to get the details about that again the details for the challenge you can find in the comments somewhere The final resource I want to share with you today is a book that I waited for at the library my Public library for months, I think I put a hold on this book back in like January February finally got it So starting to dive right in it's untamed by Glen and Doyle. Have that has anyone read it? Y'all if you've read it or you're interested in reading it drop a note in the comments I'm only about a hundred pages in it's fantastic So a little bit about this book. It is a biography. So these are all it's a compilation of short stories Easy to read right like a few minutes for one chapter type of easy to read which is fantastic. I love that reading style So all true stories either from Glen and life or from people in Glen and life so she writes these stories and I've already started to flag some of the things I don't want to forget about this book and it really is a book about Authenticity and about finding your power and unleashing your potential And so the theme of this week's Monday motivation video really is about being authentic I feel I know it sounds odd, but I feel Authentic and I feel real now that I can wear a sweater again and wear my cardigan again Looking forward to cooler temperatures. I feel my body Responding with energy So it's it's finding your authentic zone and this book untamed Definitely will help you get there. So there's my three resources for the week Don't forget about the student information webinar happening on Thursday with PCMA Canada West Linked-in challenge at Leanne Calderwood.com forward slash linked in challenge five day challenge to help you create Content for your LinkedIn stream. Oh, yes. Hi, and I know I just bought Pumpkin spice cookies from Walmart of all things. So my kids think I'm crazy But it was my first pumpkin spice purchase of the season there at Walmart if anyone's getting school supplies this week Pick up your own box of pumpkin spice cookies So yes five-day LinkedIn challenge Where you can learn five LinkedIn content formats that really resonate with your target audience and of course I show you how to do these how to make these things. So you're not left trying to guess Okay, now I'm supposed to make this piece of content. Where do I even start and take a look at Untamed by Glennon Doyle If you have a public library put your hold on it now because it might take you a few months to get it Thank you for watching this week's Monday motivation video If you have any questions or need further information on any of the resources that I've passed along Just drop me a comment and happy to help. Have a great Monday everyone. Stay cool. Bye for now


So now we will be doing a two way repeated mirror in SPSS. We need to create six variables as we talked about in the previous example, where we have two variables, a drink type of drink and type of imagery. We will be adding data like this as the previous practice. I have entered each slide and each image when I will be doing it in SPSS for you. So you can go back later and consult your notes and see how we entered the variable. So we saw an example where we had six columns of three into two. This is exactly the same example. You can also add data in SPSS. We have already practiced it in one way and two way and one way repeated mirror. We will add the same data and then we will run the analysis. Now let's go to the SPSS file and see how we have added data. I have already added data for you. Our first column is ID, that is participants number 1, 2, 3, you can also add names. We have the first variable is coffee and the second is alcohol. So three levels of coffee, coffee positive, coffee negative, coffee neutral and then we have three levels of alcohol, alcohol positive, alcohol negative and alcohol neutral that we have added data. Now what we will do is we will run the two way repeated mirror and we will go to analyze. And then guess what? Just like we did the first repeated mirror, I will go to general linear model and we will go to repeated mirrors. When we come to this, we will have a catalog that says this kind of box and we will tell it that factor 1, here you can see the name of factor 1 and we can give that type of drink. And the name is also right. Type of drink and how many levels are there now? There are two levels and you will add it. I have given the space in the variable name, SPSS space does not take. And the second level is imagery and we have three levels of imagery. We will add it and we will call it define. So we have one variable drink, two levels, other variable imagery, three levels. We will go define and define that already three into two, six, we should have data in all the six categories. And we have first coffee, positive, coffee, negative and coffee neutral. Now the other three levels of the variable are alcohol positive, alcohol negative and alcohol neutral. After that, the model is full factorial. Let it be by default. For plots, I always encourage because we know a lot about the interaction effect. So usually we do it on horizontal axis where we give it more levels, separate lines where levels come, we give it. So there are three levels of imagery, it will go to horizontal axis. There are two levels of drink, we will define it from separate lines. Add, do it and then continue. There is no need in post hoc because we have two levels of it and it will already come to us in compare means. You can go here and say that it will compare your means. And which LST or Bonferroni, both can be used, Bonferroni is more stringent. I prefer Bonferroni for finding the post hoc. Post hoc means that there is more difference in which two groups. We know that we have to check the descriptive as we have done before. We have to give the effect size definitely because we have talked a lot about it. It is necessary to report size and it is necessary to test our homogeneity. These three things must be left to me because it is a little advanced. For now, at the basic level, this is more than enough for you. I think we are pretty much set. We will hit the OK button and then we will see how to interpret the output of the SPSS.


Hey everybody, what's going on? I am Greg Susby. Enjoy day by Brandon. Can do a fandal Who's here to give us his favorite plays for this week on the PGA tour? What's going on, right? And hey, I you know just Kind of like coming down still from the Masters But then we we trend into the RBC heritage, which is it's a very unique sort of event Because we go from you know this week from the Masters where it's all about distance and now it's about accuracy And so you get someone like Dustin Johnson At the top of the field I mean his all-time fandal sports book have fallen from nine and a half to one to 12 to one Which makes a whole lot of sense based on the course fit even though he has fared well At this course, but it's you got to really change your mindset going from You know the biggest major of the year to a course where kind of everyone's in play because nobody's nobody's disqualified from a lack of This yeah, I think you just look at the field also obviously the top players in the world all at the Masters You can't say the same here about the RBC heritage But let's get in to your picks and it's interesting because you're not going to the top of the board You're starting here at a player who's 23 to one and that is Matthew Fitzpatrick think that there are There there definitely are some plays at the top of the board I would like probably most specifically web simpson, but Matthew Fitzpatrick actually You know now 23 to 1 but opened at 32 to 1 And I knew pretty certainly that that number would shorten as we get further along in the week in it again It is 23 to 1, but I still think that's a good number Obviously 32 is better, but 23 is still good for Matthew Fitzpatrick based on my win simulations Fitzpatrick is an elite bermuda putter and that's the greens we get this week I've been the 99th percentile versus this field over the past 100 rounds that data coming from fantasy national.com Someone who can hit fairways at a higher rate 89th percentile over the past 100 rounds as well. That's a key stat this week It is more about placement than it is distance. You don't really overpower harbour town kind of place it Hit your irons well and putt well now Fitzpatrick anecdotally because he's english plays well on the wind The pg's course stats haven't really bared that out necessarily, but I don't think The wind splits are super reliable long term It's a lot of uh recency a lot of adjustments that you have to make to trust them fully but two top 15 finishes here in the past three years And frankly just some of the best long term form in the field Someone who fits nicely someone who's available uh at a nice number of 23 to 1 So you get a little bit of a discount from that top tier, but Fitzpatrick definitely someone I'm eyeing this week Matthew Fitzpatrick has had some success here as Brandon says and with that form and what he's good at It kind of works out here and it's a number that obviously is dropping. He likes better 32 He'll still take it 23 plus 2300 right now over at the fan those sportsbook Up next is a guy we talk about a lot here on the hurry up and I liked him last week the masters He played well at augusta and that's corey conners. You get him right now at 34 to 1 over at the fan those sports But why do you think the rbc heritage is a spot where conners could pick up a win for conners? It's because he does what you have to do well He stripes it off the tee. He's one of the few golfers who's pretty long off the tee But also accurate so he can he kind of can go both ways which is something that is that flexibility Is always nice whenever a course requires accuracy, but you know, it doesn't necessarily disqualify distance. It's just more Uh, you don't overpower it again. It's more about placement and he can do both He's just one of seven golfers in the field To rank in the 60th percentile are better In both driving distance gained and fairways gained over the past 100 rounds according to fantasy national And his putting has improved markedly of late. Well, he's still a liability on the greens overall It's becoming less and less of a problem You're not seeing these huge huge downswings in his putting taking him out of events He's kind of having neutral slightly positive Results on greens and that is kind of all it that might be all it takes To separate from the field at at harbour town this week Now you could say that he's due for putting regression, but I think it's a bit longer term of a fix than just that He has four straight top 15 finishes and those stem from good tee to green data You mentioned I played well at the masters finished eighth there the week before 14th at the valero text is open gaining a ton of strokes from his ball striking So that stroke scan off the tee stroke scan approach and then some neutral putting Slightly positive putting seventh at the players another big field a tough field and then the arnold palmer. So the arnold palmer the players Not the valero so much, but the masters those are good fields. And so quarry conners does Exactly what you need him to do and that's just hitting fairways gaining strokes from approach and hopefully He can keep that putter going even in these big fields conners has had a bit of success Recently and he just does everything kind of well and if he puts it all together it keeps the putter going He's got a shot at this number here 34 to 1 he's tough to ignore the canadian quarry conners One last player to get to it's your long shot here brandon and that's brandon todd Who's 90 to 1 to win this thing? Why is he a long shot worth taking a chance on for me? brandon todd is just a He's a specialist in a way You know, he's he benefits whenever distance is not a requirement It's not this week at harbour town and he's also he gets a big boost when he's putting on bermuda And that's what he gets this week He ranks in the 25th percentile and strokes gained off the tee and 32nd percentile and strokes gain approach Over the past calendar year based on my recency and field strength adjustments But he's 87th percentile around the greens 98th percentile putting in that sample So very very good short game and he is the absolute extreme when it comes to driving ability He's in the first percentile and driving distance gained over the past 100 rounds 100th percentile and fairways gained And I you know talking about the bermuda splits 97th percentile putting on bermuda So if you want if you if your key stats this week are putting And hitting fairways that is when brandon todd can do what brandon todd Does best now he he has just one start here at harbour town over the past four years That was a missed cut last summer, but he lost just one stroke to the field So it wasn't abysmal by any means The big problem for todd, but you kind of get this with any long shot is there's always something There's always one reason or another that they are a long shot for him It's been the iron play. He's been losing strokes with the approach Uh, don't have that data for the masters, of course finish 46th Though did make the cut at the masters and that again is of course the requires distance So this is a very different setup 35th at the players by losing 3.8 strokes from approach 57th at the oral palm are losing 2.3 strokes from approach Now on according to fantasy national so the irons are a problem But the irons are also kind of always a problem With brandon todd Until he kind of flips the switch and sometimes whenever he comes out and has his best performances It's because he can he can gain five six seven eight strokes from approach Be a very plus potter hit these fairways. And so brandon taught it at 90 to one I think it is a very sensible long shot for this week That's the important word there sensible because he could make a few pots. He could Get on the fairway It's what he's gonna do with those irons to see if he's going to be able to be successful here this week As you said made the cut at the masters in a tough field We'll see if he could use some of the momentum that he had last week and you know make it worth a while here this week We get even getting us a little bit of a sweat will be worth it at 90 to one That's it for us here in the fan duel hurry up brandon. We appreciate the time. Good luck this week Thanks. Good luck to you and I hope we both hit some winners.  So don't miss that brandy. Good deal. I'm greg slussman Thanks so much for watching. Enjoy your evening and we'll see you back here tomorrow for another edition of the fan duel hurry up


People are congratulating the Crossing Arts Alliance in Brainerd after being named the non-profit of the year by Brainerd Community Action and the Brainerd JCs. A committee with Brainerd Community Action selects a non-profit each year based on their impact on the region and their ability to improve the overall quality of life for the community they serve. The award was presented to the Crossing Arts Alliance at their silent auction fundraiser Thursday evening. A distinguished service awards banquet will be held on October 25th at the Northern Pacific Center in Brainerd to honor the Crossing Arts Alliance and other community members. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


The following is a presentation of TFNN The power trading hour with your host David white Call now toll free at 1-877-927-6648 or internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER> now David white And welcome all to another excellent addition our trading hour And what do we have going on here? Well, it doesn't matter What does matter if you're here at this time? The following takes place between 2 p.m. And 3 p.m. Well, we're up 31 points on the S&P cash broke through 4700 Volume is rather tepid for this new high six and a half billion shares so far, but it's not inconsequential Most of those are in a handful of NASDAQ stocks or most of that and ETFs very little in the rest Also watching the dollar the dollar index the basket of six different Western currencies 9582 putting just a little bit of damper on the Enthusiasm's I always remember that the Enthusiasm's wouldn't that in Remember what movie that's and yeah, I'll think of it, but I would I think it was of the the untouchables, wouldn't it where he's playing Scarface yeah, just a thought Well anyway putting a little bit of a little shade on gold It's down 15 bucks as we speak even crude oil is Just at a nickel. In fact, I saw at lunch that We were looking at gas prices that actually ticked down for the first time in about four weeks at least around here They've been about 330 I saw 315 From yesterday to today So we must get got a little bit going on there Anyway, the rest of the market kind of up on fumes. It'll be interesting to see what the close brings whether everybody turns and runs I'd been thinking that Walmart would whiff The numbers weren't that bad the outlook was it's down about Almost four bucks down to an half percent the homeless despot actually Was interesting pre-market. It was doing poorly, which was very weird. It's up 21 now up almost 6% 392 So we got a lows. Oh what tomorrow, so I would imagine that They're already front running that now Yeah, almost 5% on it The other one which is going to be probably more detrimental Tomorrow and Thursday is going to be target. It's up one and a fan 1.4% Not exactly sure why they're going to run that one after Walmart's Generally if Walmart doesn't do well target does worse, but we shall see in the coming days So we've got a little bit of up a little bit of down um Home Homeless despot the old HD the home depot Little different out there. It's just when you look at the internals of the market just Really bad you got a handful of stocks Really driving the market higher for the indexes and a lot of stocks Just pulling back on light if anything for the volume But the usual suspects are still there as we said Over last week. Everybody keeps going after AMD like it's going broke and Piling on it. It's the most hated stock pretty much As we said literally no signal out here that it was turning you got a little move today It's just like the rest of the market so far though It's pretty poor volume. So we'll see that More interesting to me is Nvidia coming up on earnings on Thursday night on This one was clean this up here Just gone sideways Real light volume today. I don't think this is a really good action by Nvidia and As I said yesterday or maybe the day before can't remember these guys Kind of threw a little shade on their own stock by saying they didn't have any silver bullet for the for The the supply chain in their case I don't know if that is them sandbagging a little bit trying to get people to short the stock. I Don't see any reason to be shorted Just like AMD AMD is a little different because literally everybody's shorting it all day long and covering in the afternoons But you know, you had a big push higher.  I love the business The business is not always the economy or the company The stock is the equity is different than that But the whole lot of nothing here for Nvidia So you're not getting a real clear indication on that you can give me call eight seven seven nine two seven six six four eight And we'll look that Did it if Johnkel Joe replaces the current Fed share what market reaction will the ten year head to the To area or down. I don't think the Fed chairman at this point Is gonna matter as much as people think I Don't think the after them being there for a couple of years if they have somebody new come in Which looks like it is I don't think they're gonna Actually bring anybody in that or move them up from where they're at my guess is that That yeah, you may get that temporarily But my guess is the Fed has already made its plans anybody that comes in after this is probably going to have to Explain why the Fed suddenly diverged and that generally is not good for the market So my guess is that for the first six months, they'll go along to get along unless it's a complete whack job a Complete a a Political hack and I don't think they're gonna do that. I don't think the the house and Senate want to confirm somebody like that either So yeah, I think The more you think things are gonna change the more gonna be the same, but I think You know stronger dollar some other stuff gold starting to slip instead of telling you that we're at a fairly Stressful place in the market No, it wouldn't sell gold, but I do think you could get back to you know 1825 1830 something like that So we'll see how that comes back Am I right? Yeah, I don't think it's that big of a pullback But yeah, I think you get another bite at the apple on cold I think a lot of people worried in China, but anything they can get something Tangible Bitcoin cold anything So we'll be back in a minute with a little history and then we'll move on to some charts Are you grinding in the market but seeing little to no return or are you a successful trader simply looking to make your job A little easier learn to take the path of least resistance with David whites powerful trading newsletter David white is an accomplished trader whose deep understanding of technology and the markets allows him to consistently find and share winning trades Support and resistance define the ranges in which stocks trade by understanding these trading ranges David white is able to find the path of least resistance David whites trading newsletter the path of least resistance is delivered daily Before the markets open to make every trading day an easy win Visit tfnn.com today and subscribe to David white's ultimate trading newsletter for $119 a month and try all of our newsletters risk-free with our 30-day money back guarantee Take the path of least resistance at tfnn educating investors What's separating you from the most successful men and women on Wall Street? That's right Information having all the information gives us the perspective We need to place the right trades at the right time the TAS profile scanner is the premier market profile base scanner Powered by its acclaimed task proprietary algorithms this feature rich scanner instantly filters over 2,500 plus global financial markets such as stocks ETFs commodities futures and forex This powerful suite of tools leverages instant trade filtering and strategy formulation to show you emerging trades Before they happen for a limited time You can save $100 off your first month by using the promo code upgrade and you still get a 30-day money back guarantee So you have nothing to risk Level the playing field with the TAS profile scanner which you can find under the services tab at tfnn.com Sign up today Sharpening your skills as an investor is like getting better at playing a musical instrument You have to practice sure, but you also need excellent instruction from experts at tfnn You'll get advice and guidance from the authority and technical market analysis And it's not just dry tedious text either Tfnn airs live financial content streamed live on tfnn.com and Tfnn's YouTube channel with Tiger TV live every market day from 8 30 a.m To 4 p.m. Eastern for free each host is an experienced trader and gives their take on the market while taking calls and questions Live from around the world from the moment the market opens until the closing bell sounds Tiger TV has eight different shows with Expert hosts to help you make the right moves with your money watch online at tfnn.com Or on tfnn's YouTube channel and become the investor you were born to be Tfnn educating investors Call now toll-free at 1-877-927-6648 internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER> As we return it's time for a little bit of history Oh, we already did that we got to do this On this day in 1907 Oklahoma Where the rain or the wind goes something down the plane It's all I remember of that song named arrive from Chakta Indians word oklah meaning people and Ithuma meaning red is a history of human occupation dating back 15,000 years The first Europeans to visit this region were Spanish explorers in the 16th century and in the 18th century The Spanish and French struggled for control of the territory the United States acquired Oklahoma from France in 1803 as part of the Louisiana purchase The most interesting thing I've seen lately is they changed their laws for pot growers and inadvertently the old Unforeseen circumstance Have now had every Cartel member Mob member Anybody that wants to commit a crime move to Oklahoma to raise pot There is supposed to be a license and some other stuff going on out of the 1500 growers about 10 people bought a license and I'm very interesting to see the unintended consequences of changing something Inevitably they made it incredibly easy For those That do not follow the law To grow there and of course the whole thing was thinking that the easier you made it the less influence that the mob Cartels and everything else would actually have Yeah Is my friend's mother used to say The road to hell is paid with good intentions as this is now But they're trying to clean it up<PHONE_NUMBER> as we get into my charts, which we'll get up here now To what else do we have go ahead on that? How I'm pretty sure it's not Powell somebody that in but That I don't think it's brain or D either From what I've read like I said, I think it's I think they end up pulling somebody Out and it just depends on what they're doing To to that What's up with Qualcomm Um Qualcomm had another big gap and break out of the previous highs Volumes pretty good It's not so big that you're just gonna blow out, but you've got a nice move up here to 190 or 179 55 I did not check the news, but I think Generally, I wait and watch the news later on Come on. Well, apparently a ton of upgrades on Qualcomm Uh-uh Okay, apparently they had an investor presentation today Okay, well whatever they said made everybody decide to get off the short side of this And back out. I'm not exactly sure how many people were short. Let's take a look Um Yeah, it wasn't as bad as you could think 18% short yesterday You had two days to cover which it without a lot of short positions now is Kind of a bit high for $170 stock, but not ridiculously high Generally, I start worrying at five days for big short squeezes But I think you just have a little bit of that but yeah little build up and of course Probably not a bad time for a short squeeze if you're out there Trying to gin up some movement in this stock as analysts were today So I'll take a look at that. Anyway up 29 on the S&P 174 on the down as except 114 Russell's up two points Okay Question about Intel if I changed my opinion they did a lot of things right and then they did a lot of things wrong So You know Theoretically if you just did it on the chart basis any tick above this Three by three displaced moving average would say that you could probably go back into it with a stop of 4990 or something They are changing they are doing some things that they need to be done But I wouldn't be thinking that they have the big run here in the next week I think this one's one. If you're gonna buy it. Yeah, I think you have to buy it for a year or two years Three years down the line Maybe that changes, but I don't think there's gonna be any big move coming out of that And of course we talked about the TLT Eventually the TLT does put Pressure on the markets You get a lot of volume kind at the end of the day you got a little hammer out here today But anything below 146 50 is problematic for the equities But my belief is that even on light volume this could get back down to 141 45 now that it busted 146 50 So I suspect we're gonna continue to see pressure on that on that 10 and 20 year bond market And even the shorter term stuff So, yeah, I think we're kind of looking at you know, I wouldn't be surprised that we closed back under 4700 on the S&P cash today it just the volume all cut out at about 4700 everybody was happy to buy up to that point But then it just went higher you get a close back below 4700 and probably a fairly good indication of A problematic move in the market Again option market makers continue to think they're gonna find a giant Find giant rat droppings back there behind the counter and Calling the exterminator and probably not gonna be in time for Friday I don't know what it is that they're looking for there was some things that I thought of earlier in the week None of those really seem to be bearing fruit But up till the noon today option market makers are still incredibly worried of a hundred points Lower in the S&P Friday So when you can not when you have to back in a minute You having fun trading the markets but having trouble finding like-minded individuals to discuss your trading and investment ideas with Become an apex predator in the trading markets and join the Tiger's Den trading room only at tfnn.com The Tiger's Den is an exclusive trading room where successful traders from around the world come to exchange trades and ideas Join the den and surround yourself with these sharpest minds in the trading world Subscribers to the Tigers then are also the first to have their questions answered live on air and can privately chat with our tfnn hosts live during their shows interact with other Tigers and Tiger's as they share trading ideas news analysis and discuss the market action all trading day subscribe to the Tigers then risk-free with our 30-day money-back guarantee and Become part of the tfnn trading community tfnn educating investors You could be making money off the stock market and if you're already making money off the stock market You could be making a lot more check out tfnn and Tiger TV and get expert investing advice to give you the power To control your financial future go to tfnn.com and find the newsletter for you Whether you're into trading gold metals futures currencies or options you'll get advice and analysis to help you seriously get ahead tfnn also features trading services with a 30-day money-back guarantee for new subscribers as well as tfnn's Tiger Den trading room trading software and educational webinars for all trading levels and make sure you check out Tiger TV for free on tfnn.com or tfnn's YouTube channel for live financial content from 8 30 a.m. To 4 p.m. Eastern on market days Stop watching on the sidelines while other people get rich and become the investor you were born to be tfnn educating investors tfnn is excited about our new software charting program the art of timing the trade charts in Collaboration with Tom O'Brien and using his best-selling book the art of timing the trade your ultimate trading mastery system David White has programmed an Outstanding piece of software that will complement any traders methodology using this first of its kind program the art of timing the trade charts allows You to scan thousands of stocks for Fibonacci formation setups including guardlies ABCs butterflies and much more the art of timing the trade Charts is designed to help you when scouring the markets for stocks Just beginning to form the trading patterns that many investors spend days weeks or even months Searching to find and right now we're offering licenses available at only $79 a month we are so confident that you're gonna love this new charting software that will even give you a 30-day Unconditional money-back guarantee don't miss out on this incredible new piece of software Get your copy of the art of timing the trade charts today by visiting tfnn.com This segment is brought to you by think or swim For more information just click the think or swim banner on the front page of tfnn.com And yes, Nvidia tomorrow night after the close on the 17th To what else did we do? Well, let's just go through them just to make sure I will go through What we have of course Walmart and the homeless despot was this morning after the bell tonight.  Let's take a quick look TGT in the morning you're right back up the previous I got some decent volume They've got a little bit of difference. I've been in there two other stores here in the last month both of them fairly vacant of product so Not looking at Christmassy at all I don't know if that brings up a similar issue tomorrow when they talk as Walmart did this morning At best Walmart was flat and then it headed to lower Baidu has just been going sideways out here. This could be a big move either way I do not and will not predict which one I do think that there's this thing's been building steam for something going on here to to to maybe that dollar change is an issue TJ Max X Also tomorrow morning Then in a trading range for a while I Don't go into the store other than if I am right next door to it But also when I've even just walked by the window not a lot of stuff in this thing Ross stores kind of the same thing. There's another one that I go by next to a grocery store. I go to these kind of discounts Companies if you're not getting stuff into the new stores, you're not getting stuff into the used stores So I wonder what these guys are gonna say That's kind of the big thing and then we go to After the bell tomorrow night as we said in video not doing much Cisco has been doing well on Keeping Hawaii out of the market, but this thing's done really nothing but go sideways for the last 10 trading days So there's not much going on in that co-part to see what a click a Culacan saffa They make buckyballs by the way if you didn't know the stuff to glue chips to Leads and packaging there's really for software There's really kind of three big things. There's design packaging and fabrication and all three of those things are Big money makers have done right But they're more on the packaging side of the business getting things into Into those little plastic containers or metal containers or whatever it needs to be and running a little gold filament lines to the chips That kind of stuff So that's kind of it on that see what we have Thursday morning To Baba the old Ali Baba Again kind of like the rest of the Chinese market just going sideways I'm just wondering if they'd ever actually say anything To rock the boat from China. I'm not sure what they're allowed to say as the CEO before they get disappeared But that's it coals another one of those stores Where they've been trying some different stuff. Nothing's really Stuck huge trading range for a long time in coals back up to the previous high about the same volume Energy is about the same. So so far big trading range You know if Walmart's doing well hard to see coal doing any better So you're probably actually going to even see a target coming out and give you a little heads up on coals But everybody is springing the Hope eternal CSIQ Just been going sideways Canadian solar I had a question earlier about solar roadways What's the Transportation dude Buddha judge Is been maybe for the last couple months somebody asked earlier? I said I'd answer on the air day Buddha judge has been pushing solar roadways Well, they've tried it three times they've been able to spend almost half a billion dollars To generate maybe $10,000 worth of electricity I bring this up from time to time, but if you're gonna install solar Panels you pretty much at worse need to aim them at the same degree that you're a latitude on So if you're at 40 degrees, they probably need to be tipped down to 40 degrees And more than likely if you really want to capture all the power they need to be on a a Movement that can actually track the Sun through the day, but anyway, France Holland Trying to remember the other one that I think England to some extent and There's another country that tried the solar roadways what they found out is everything that they tried to put over them ie plastic Anything that would actually grip tires the cars would drive over Well, there was a little problem. That is it scuffed it up to the point that power never went through Whatever they put on top that was clear if it was clear enough it made all the cars slide off the roadways and Hurt people and if it was scuffed up enough it really Met the solar cells weren't getting much of any power Anyway, the three studies the France one was the biggest and they spent $200 million to get $3,000 worth of electricity out of it over a year and then promptly ripped it up and Said you know Don't work. We've got a couple of them here in the United States where people have put half a million dollars into them You can watch on the on Webcams people celebrating them, of course Yeah, again, $500 thousand dollars for $500 worth of electricity or something They work solar arrays work well But pretty much you've got to have them where You don't need to get on a ladder to use them that they track the Sun and That you probably have a big enough a bunch of them like they have down here in Tampa That you can at least break even And hire somebody to keep them clean and keep all the motors replaced on the actuators that move them and track the Sun that you have enough sunny days But yeah, putting them on your house And Well, you're getting your neighbor to pay for it. I guess there's that part of it You can feel good about yourself and you can also know that you paid a huge amount over a list price for Electricity But someone else had to pay for it.  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That's tfnn.com and hit watch Tiger TV Chipotle and Want to think that it was a week ago, maybe 10 days ago That the CEO was talking I vaguely remember When it was but he brought up two things and it kind of is a cold blanket on Chipotle so I would wait for a reversal back into this candle of 1740 that is The October 26th low this if I remember lights CEO said Paying more for labor and food costs going through the roof and That it's probably as good as it he didn't say it But I think some of the analysts said probably as good as it gets our earnings gonna decrease horribly. No But is it about as good as it gets? Yes Looking at paying more the two bucks more an hour for employees And I think their food costs was looking at going at 10 or 12 percent higher than a year ago So I think you know anybody in this fast food business That's looking at much higher prices Probably gonna feel it in one way or the other but I Would want this to retest after yesterday Where you had kind of a real move higher gave it all up and came back into the trading range You're probably headed back down to 13 or excuse me 17 75 ish Ideally you'd love it to see it pierce 1740 on very light volume and then come back into the trading range. There isn't a lot of short interest in it So I'm not looking for a lot of short squeezes or anything But yeah, I think as you get closer to them coming out with more statements It's all gonna be about food cost risings labor cost rising and generally these Fast food McDonald's that kind of stuff do poorly in that environment Just the chart though yesterday is kind of a big signal that it did try to break out couldn't get through that previous high Didn't have a lot of volume is not a lot of volume out here either But I'd love to see it if you wanted to go long back 1775 ish And into that candle. So at least you'd see what it's happening I think the whole market is kind of tired right now, even if it didn't a big pullback We're probably gonna get something tomorrow. So we'll take a look at that eight seven seven nine two seven six six four eight Thanks, David for the email. What else do we have going on here? Volume and seven point two billion shares. So yeah Good, but not great probably gonna be less than 10 billion shares on the day Market kind of just stuck with no volume Watch for some fast markets at the end. Generally if you don't have a whole lot of volume between Let's say 230 and 315 or something. Yeah, it's telling you something but more Question on WSM I Was short this briefly For about a buck and a half or two bucks on the wrong side of this thing as it was up at the highs had no volume they changed their earnings to this week and I didn't catch it till late But thank God I caught it and got out of it before a big move. They're running this Before earnings that's generally a good sign that me if they're not gonna be probably a whole lot there Come earnings, but a nice day volume is not that bad but Front running these stocks before earnings Always a little problematic when you get that kind of a breakout on light volume You're looking for five and a half million shares or so you're gonna have one about million right now So not good if these guys miss watch for a big pullback Coming back in What else do we have here? Question on Apple is it broken out? I'm still looking at this is a hundred and fifty bucks on Friday. I don't see a whole lot going on here. You're up on in Okay volume, but nothing brings you out of the trading range. I could see 150 Maybe 152 on Friday, but you're up a buck 40 million shares The push higher had a hundred million shares at 150 to 94. So it gives you a little indication of That I think a lot of people are kind of you know, they were pretty happy with Apple, but now that it's quit moving so much Problematic you see a reversal on that before the end of the day. I think that's a big tell This thing's going not apples going nowhere before Friday To to to Adobe e for Janet To to he had a little more volume at the high you're gonna retest that now Volume isn't all that exciting I Got seven hundred and seventy six thousand shares going into the two and a half and one point six million share high So, you know the biggest problem I have is this the energy off the October 4th low up to the November 5th high was off by about 25% compared to the energy from September 3rd all the way down to that October 4th low, so you didn't have a lot of energy up there. You did have a nice day With two and a half million shares as you went after the high you did an inner instant reversal Almost a railroad track on November 5th. You're coming back up to that and there isn't a lot of volume But I do digress To question on Roku, I don't see this doing much of anything either I've kind of gotten the confirmation that the a lot of the televisions are sitting on the dock and was 17 days to unload We're getting very close to the point where these things can't make it to the stores before Christmas Day Maybe they get there. Maybe they don't but Roku was really depending on a big Christmas of new televisions and Maybe people will spend their money on something else before they show up But yeah, it was starting to get weak before that The only decent thing is you got very light volume at that 272 41 that had 10 million shares You come back and test it fairly lightly Maybe this is a deep enough retracement, but man you're almost 50% off the eyes So this isn't a little bit of a haircut. You went to 490 76 down to 268 As I said this one's very hard for me because I've never really understood how they make money and if I don't it's very hard For me to handicapped. I mean you just look at the chart. I like to have at least a little fundamental underpinnings but on a chart basis You've certainly got very light volume what I dislike is that you've had five days of very light volume and it had bounce eight seven seven nine two seven six six four eight you've got a couple minutes to call Sharpening North skills as an investor is like getting better at playing a musical instrument You have to practice sure, but you also need excellent instruction from experts at TFNN You'll get advice and guidance from the authority and technical market analysis, and it's not just dry tedious text either TFNN airs live financial content streamed live on TFNN.com and TFNN's YouTube channel with Tiger TV live every market day from 8 30 a.m. To 4 p.m. Eastern for free each host is an experienced trader and gives their take on the market while taking calls and questions Live from around the world from the moment the market opens until the closing bell sounds Tiger TV has eight different shows with expert hosts To help you make the right moves with your money watch online at TFNN.com or on TFNN's YouTube channel and become the investor You were born to be TFNN educating investors You might think that if you want to be successful at trading in the stock market You're going to need a crystal ball after all it's impossible to predict the future, right? 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Tom will bisect and dissect the markets The Tom O'Brien show next on TFNN As we return ASML As we talked about this one before a virtual monopoly in the printing of circuits in chips Nobody else really touching them Intel's got kind of a A competitor to it. I don't know how far they are behind but I'm going to assume several years So ASML The only thing I've got to say about this one is From the 907 up here the energy's off about a third But there's a lot of stocks are like that Doesn't mean it can't retest the high But I'm unenamored By the energy at least shown on the power law vector indicator off that low You know, you got what another 30 bucks I'd say you know Better than 50 50 you retest the high But my my question would be you know, do you pull back to 800 first? And there isn't a whole lot here volume or energy And uh, I'd watch today and tomorrow. I think you've got that. In fact, the the bigger thing I think Uh, it's going to be when I get up to tomorrow morning, which is normally around Uh, anywhere from when I wake up even though I don't want to at 4 30 to 6 o'clock in the morning sometimes I think the latest I've been able to sleep without why just Waking up wide away because about 6 30 uh, but uh you know, you've got a Got a tlt and you want to watch that first thing in the morning. You see 144s. I think we could have a fairly Uh steep pullback in this market because we get a pull. I wouldn't do anything till you wake up But you see 144s in the tlt in the morning I think that may tell you that we're headed to 141 very quickly Uh in that tlt and in the bond market. So keep an eye on that You've got a few things and hints and gold starting to pull back dollars on higher Bear standing up on the back So when you cannot when you have to we'll see you here tomorrow


So, in today's lecture I am going to continue on optoelectronic materials. In the last lecture we saw about the genie in organic molecules. The organic molecules have special potential to find applications in organic LEDs and this is what we have seen in the last class and I am going to continue giving some examples of how these organic molecules can be used to fine tune organic LEDs and also how this can be used to modulate the display device properties. So, in the next few slides I just want to recap on whatever I have told in the first lecture just to keep in perspective what we are discussing. As I told you this is a simple demonstration of a diode where holes come from here and electrons come from the cathode and when they combine together they form exciton pair and they release a photon and that photon when it is in the middle layer which is emissive layer then the photon can excite the organic molecule as a result we can get the desired light. And also in the last class in the last lecture I touched on the basics of organic LED where I told that this is a transparent anode which is called indium tin oxide which is a transparent electrode and then you have a buffer layer to help grow a hole transport layer and this is the emissive layer and this is the electron transport layer. Now hole transport layer and electron transport layers can be polymeric in type or they can also be small organic molecules, but we are actually talking about the organic molecules here which are called popularly as emissive layers. So at the recombination zone which is the emissive layer if you can bring the number of holes and number of electrons together to recombine at this interface then you get the desired light which is due to the emissive layer. So this is a basic principle of the organic LED there are different issues that we can understand in the last lecture I told you how to get white light emission and also I told you how these interfaces are important because of these interfaces I also showed you another example of how X-applex formation can lead to broad emission that is white light I showed you an example which we will further see today. So what is important here is how these holes can easily come to the emissive layer and how the electrons can come to the emissive layer and thereby they form the excitonic pan which can release a photon here. So the number of holes that you generate the speed with which the holes travel the number of electrons you generate and then speed with which you moderate electrons all are important in order to harvest the desired light at the emissive layer which forms the fundamental principle for organic light emitting diode. I also told you about the mechanism what exactly happens to electro luminescent process because you have a hole and electron combining to form a singlet exciton it can also form triplet exciton but singlet excitons are the ones which ultimately are going to give the external emission which we see in terms of light output in the OLED device therefore we are more concerned about this protocol how we can harvest the light from a singlet exciton. And also I told you in the last class there are two basic organic class of compounds namely molecular materials which are based on ALQ3 or polymers which hold this display technology. By and large it is been observed that this molecular materials are more rugged and it can withstand thermal issues therefore from thermal stability point of view small molecules have been used till now for commercial OLED devices whereas polymers are slightly degradable they are sensitive to both light and air and other issues nevertheless there is a great potential with polymer because you can go for large area display materials so much of work is actually going into polymeric LED which call it as POLED polymer LED so we will come to this issue later but we saw in the last class that there are two class of compounds and in the last lecture we saw two case studies of organic molecule and a metal organic complex they show white light emission and I also discussed with you about why this white light emission is coming in the case of organic molecule I showed you that it is due to confirmation of the molecule if it is in cis form then it shows and I also showed from metal organic complex that is zinc BZT complex I showed how X-Aplex mediated white light emission can come in today's lecture I am going to present to you three case studies again showing the potential of what all is buried inside organic molecule which can show fundamental properties and it is very easy for us to moderate the light emission in OLED devices if we understand the solid state properties of this organic molecules because the organic molecules in solution gives a entire different picture when you consider against the solid state properties so once we study the PL emission in solid state we can get to understand what sort of device that we can anticipate from this group of molecules first I am going to talk to you about selectivity of PL emission with different chromophoric groups in the organic molecule so this is one example and as a passing thought I am also going to give a brief example on hydrogen bonding on the PL emission in bensate resolves how hydrogen bonding can play in tuning the PL properties and on tuning the color PL efficiency mobility how we can use metal organic complexes to vary the PL emission so these three will be the basis for today's lecture as I told you in the last class if I have the confirmation dependent white light emission either if it is a trans DBE or cis DBE molecule how we can tune the white light emission and in the last lecture I also showed to you about zinc bensate thiasol how when you make a device out of it how the interface is actually helping in white light emission now in today's class I am going to talk to you about specificity and selectivity on the photo luminescent properties of pi conjugated bensate resolves molecule why we are laying more emphasis on bensate resolves because this is a class of compound which we all see in everyday life if you remember this is nothing but the cartoon of firefly which we all have seen and specially during winter days or in dark environment in dark environment you will see this firefly glowing and it gives light and then it puts off it gives light and puts off this is nothing but a classic example of chemiluminescence when there is chemiluminescence there is a oxidation reduction process which is going on which actually is responsible for this light emission and this is a enzymatic catalyzed enzyme catalyzed reactions therefore the enzyme is called luciferase because it helps in helping the molecule to glow so what is the molecule that is responsible it is actually called luminal or luciferase molecule because in this molecule the functional groups or the chromophoric groups that are responsible for strong emission comes from this Benz thysol moiety so this is important in fact it is very difficult to isolate this molecule therefore one can actually try to prepare several of this Benz thysol base molecules to see and to understand what is exactly responsible for the fine tuning of colors so with this in perspective we have actually chosen a range of Benz thysol molecules and try to understand what is the role of this functional groups and the chromophoric groups that are present in the molecules which will help in fine tuning the light emission so to this end I am going to pick out some molecules and then try to show you by playing around with different combinations how we can fine tune the color for example this is example of two Benz heterosol molecules this can be nitrogen and sulphur or nitrogen oxygen or nitrogen nitrogen so you can call this as a Benz heterosol in general or Benz thysol if it is sulphur Benz oxysol if it is oxygen Benz imidazole if it is nitrogen now when you have two of this these are planar molecules and you can try to have a extended pi conjugation by introducing a linker molecule such as ethylene or you can have a linker molecule such as phenyl group so either ethylene or phenyl group can be used to provide a extended pi conjugation so in this case how does the electron density really moderate and how we can try to control the PL emission it is in such pi conjugated systems another way of looking at it keep both the Benz thysol moieties away from each other not in closer proximity therefore you can have a linker like this and substitute the Benz thysol in one four position so electron pathway will be in this direction so if it is either this way or this way or this way how does the electron delocalization in this molecules which is going to affect the PL emission is what to be studied now as a general protocol synthesis of this is very important and if you are really interested to know how we make this sort of molecules it is very easy we can try to make malic acid or we can try to take carboxylic acid with the carbonyl carboxyl groups in adjacent position or you can actually have the carboxylic group in the para position now a or you can either add this with a or with a and b or with a now in this case if it is a for example you can actually generate three series of compounds based on x x can be either sulphur or oxygen or nitrogen therefore you can call this either as thiozol or oxazol or imidozol similarly we can actually try to add here we can try to put either one thiozol and one oxazol or one thiozol and one imidozol therefore you can get a mixed ligand complexes with benzene as phenyl moiety as your linker or we can actually go for other combinations therefore we are going to generate say four sets of molecules and we will try to see generally what is the what is the nature of the PLM mission to understand how this chromophoric groups are going to alter the issue for example let us take the case of the absorption this is the absorption data of one a molecule and this is the emission spectra of the one series now if you see here you can very well understand that if it is a thiozol based molecule in thiozol you see the bandages shifted in the same bandage at by over 70 nanometers it is more towards the visible region in case of thiozol species and imidozol is blue shifted here you can see that imidozol is having a bandage at 400 nanometer now if you go for oxazol interestingly oxazol has a sharp bandage somewhere around 400 but then you can see that it is actually tailing and extending up to 550 so oxazol seemingly have a extended optical bandage compared to thiozol and imidozol but distinctly you can see there is a large shift between the thiozol and oxazol when compared to thiozol compounds so what is this implication on the emission data if you look at the emission you can very clearly see that this one a molecule has a fine structure emission structure which is more resolved and you see several satellite features coming along with a peak maximum which is coming at 550 now compared to that if you look at one b molecule which is nothing but your imidozol imidozol gives a broad emission peak and one c compound which is oxazol is clearly red shifted so we can see from here one which is absorbing at the visible region or which has a bandage more towards visible is actually showing a featured emission which in which if you actually look at the full width at half maxima the full width of half maxima is around 165 so 165 nanometer which means this is more like a white light emitting molecule whereas if you look at the imidozol although it is it is showing a one peak the full width of half maxima is considerably less and oxazol component shows a very narrow emission and it is more preferentially in the red region so we can clearly understand that the thiozol might is seemingly have a white spread in the emission feature and it is also showing fine structures in terms of emission now we will look at another group of compound the two series where you are actually instead of having alkene linker you are going to have a phenyl linker if you have a phenyl linker then the situation now remains the same as far as oxazol is concerned you see here oxazol after a sharp bandage here around 350 nanometers you see that there is a tailing and this extends up to the entire visible region oxazol seemingly is having it is having a band gap which is much much lower as a result you can again see in the emission feature that the 2 c molecule which is nothing but your oxazol derivative oxazol derivative again showing a red emission compared to the thiozol and imidozol case when you look at the bandage of imidozol when you have pi electron you can clearly see that the imidozol is extending pi bandage up to 450 or so and this is while the thiozol is actually showing a blue shifted emission which is reverse of the one series compound nevertheless you can see here the emission spectra the emission spectra of 2 a molecule again shows a full width at half maxima which is 153 nanometer which means even the 2 a molecule that is thiozol molecule shows a white light emission full with that half maxima which is greater than 150 nanometer. So, what is peculiar in both the cases one series and two series thiozol are showing a featured emission and it is also showing a near white light emission whereas, if you look at oxazol whether it is with the phenyl linker or with the alkene linker you would see that it is showing a preferred red emission imidozol on the other hand always shows a green emission you can see here imidozol always shows a green emission. So, this seems to be characteristic of all the bends heterosols now if you go to three series where you are going to actually play around with your x in other words this is a mixed bends heterosols you would see the same feature coming for 3 c molecule whereas, where 3 c is involving a oxazol and imidozol ring you can see that the bend a bandage is extending up to 500 nanometer whereas, 3 a and 3 b molecules are predominantly those which have thiozol and which shows a strong blue shifted emission now if you look at the 3 c molecule again wherever oxazol is involved you see these are red shifted therefore, it is showing orange color whereas, if you have the 3 b molecule which involves imidozol again you see a green emission and in the case of sulphur and oxygen combination oxazol and thiozol you see near u v emission coming somewhere around 4 10 nanometers or so. So, what is specular in this case is when oxazol is present oxazol predominantly contributes to red shifted emission whereas, sulphur shows more preference to blue and imidozols usually show preference to green color and the same is true for the 4 series also if you are going to keep the bends heterosol rings away from each other not in closer proximity then you can see that there is no tailing of this bandage and there is no tailing here and you can also see that these have sharp bandages below 400 nanometer and you can also see that the emission spectras are more concerted towards blue region. So, this is quite true of both the thiozol as well as imidozol moieties if you look at the absorption spectra you can actually do a density functional calculation DFT calculation and if you try to generate the u v visible spectra to see whether this is matching with the with the experimental data one would find that there is a excellent agreement of the theoretical prediction of this u v visible spectra with the experimental value this is the experimental curve and what you see here is a one line spectra and here you see a two line spectra exactly resembling that of the experimental data why we do not see all this featured emissions because in when we are calculating the u v visible spectra you are actually considering only one molecule whereas in the experiments you actually consider hundreds of molecules together. So, when you have hundreds of molecules in solid state when they are packed together then you would see a featured emission whereas when you do a calculation for a single molecule you see the most predominant emission which is mentioned. So, we can say that the theoretical analysis goes well with the experimental data therefore whatever structure that we are predicting due to optimization of this geometry is nearly the same as that of what we observe in the experiments and these are some of the energies and the oscillatory strength of this molecules which are calculated specifically we have studied one a and two a compounds because we would like to see whether we can make some correlation and try to understand why one a and two a molecules among the series of compounds that we are studying are standing out and why they have a specifically a white light emitting properties that is the whole notion and these are some of the data that one can arrive at by doing the calculations. Now just to give a visual picture of what this calculations mean if you look at the frontier molecular orbitals and if you use this B 3 L Y P program which with this subset if you have this basis set then this is the sort of charge resonance picture that evolves when you consider one a molecule.  So, this is what we mean and if you look at the frontier molecular orbitals you can see in the case of Homo that is highest occupied molecular orbital the charge resonance is spread around the ring and this also involves the alkene moiety ethylene moiety and if you look at the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital again you see in the excited state the charge resonance is spread along the ring and even so in the case of Lomo and if you look at one of the higher excited states Lomo plus 2 you would see the charge resonance is now confined more to the benz thaisol rings and also you would see the charge resonance is actually mediating across the sulfur bonds or sulfur atoms why because sulfur atoms are much bigger and they carry lone pair of electrons therefore the charge resonance is not only through the bond but also through the space. So, you have a through space resonance in the case of sulfur atoms which is peculiarly absent in the case of imidazole or oxazole. You would not see the same picture if you look at oxazole or imidazole compounds now this is not only true in the case where you have sulfur sulfur in adjacent positions in cis positions with a ethylene linker. Suppose you try to push it away by introducing a phenyl linker then even in terms of phenyl linker you would see here the charge resonance is through the bond across the linker molecule and it is the same as in the case of 1A compound and when you come here to lumo plus 2 again you see that in this case the charge is confined more to the benz thaisol rings and also you would see that the charge resonance is across the sulfur atoms. Therefore, the bigger the atom and more the charge density in other words because of the availability of the lone pair of electrons now you have the charge resonance is spread through the space. So, when you have a through space and through bond resonance then you would see a very different emission phenomena happening because there is more of charge delocalization as a result you would have a broad emission coming into picture. So, the broad emission that we talk about broad emission is mainly due to the through space and through bond resonance that is typical of only sulfur compounds compared to imidazole and oxazole. Now, if you take 3A compound as I told you 3A compound is not having thaisol ring in one case it is actually imidazole and in one case it is actually thaisol ring. If you have such a combination you would see that there is through bond resonance here and also here, but this resonance is actually delocalized sorry it is localized and it is not spread throughout the ring and same as the case for 4A molecule also you can see that charge resonance is across the ring and it is across the ring here and there is no through space resonance. Therefore, through space resonance is absent in the case of 3A and 4A molecule and as a result we can sort of make a general conclusion that the featured emission for thaisoles is mainly because of a extended charge resonance which is spread throughout the ring which brings down the homo lumo gap and because the homo lumo gap is smaller the emission is now involving the blue, green and red region as a result you are full with that half maxima is always bow 150 nanometer. So, these sulfur based molecules or thaisole based molecules can act as potential ligands for a for extended charge localization as a result they are good candidates for white lead emission compared to imidazole and oxazole compounds. We can get some more clues when you look at the 1A and 2A compound what is different here is only the linker that is the ethylene linker or the phenyl linker you would see the time decay curves if you look at the time decay curves and you fit it to a double exponential decay model then you would see both has a same component that is 0.7 nanosecond time decay which mainly comes from the thaisole molecules which we can conclude because both have a common common tau 1 value and the tau 2 seems to be coming from the linker in this case it is 1.42 seconds it is comparatively faster for aromatic linker compared to ethylene linker. So, we can have a guess as to what is the molecule or what is the functional group or the chromophory group that is responsible for this time decay the fast decay component seems to be coming from the benz thaisole as compared to the linker groups. And we can also extend this case now to make devices for example, we have made 2 devices using 1A compound and 2A compound because of all the compounds I have told you that only these 2 compounds seemingly give white light emission as a result we can try to make emissive layer either depositing exclusive 2A compound layer or we can mix it with PFO as a matrix if you are unable to effectively deposit this in a thin film situation.  This is the electro luminescence data electro luminescence data and one could see that the full width at half maxima is nearly 150 nanometers as a result in both cases you would see there is a white light emission coming out of this devices. So, conceptually we can make some logical conclusion or summary to say that benz thaisole molecules preferentially show white light emission and the devices that we have made has this sort of energy level picture which really falls well because your homo lumo level has to be compatible to I T O and to the cathode and which exactly happens therefore, the holes are injected this way and electrons are injected this way therefore, the combination exactly appears at this interface and similarly in the case of 2A compound you can see that the holes can come easily and then electrons can go this way therefore, the electron hole pair can actually have the fusion occurring here and therefore, you can get the white light emission. So, as you are choosing a molecule one should also know that the homo level and the lumo level should be comparable to the adjacent layers otherwise you would not get the right set of devices and incidentally in the case of 1A and 2A compound we have a excellent match where the device falls in picture and as a result we can harvest a white light emission. Now as a passing thought I would like to sort of give another small idea about what really happens if hydrogen bond exists in this sort of molecules take the case of same phenyl linker, but in this case not Benzthaisol we are actually having imidazole moieties. So, this is imidazole moiety now this imidazole can actually have the NH groups facing outward or the NH group 1NH group facing inward. So, depending on that I can either talk about the possibility of a intermolecular hydrogen bonding or I can talk about intermolecular hydrogen bonding both are possible in such cases you can actually expect different sort of PL properties and that is exactly what happens there is a blue two green shifted fluorescence when you have a inter or a intermolecular hydrogen bonding and I will show you as a quick representation how this happens. Now if you take the synthesis part as you synthesize this molecule one would actually come end up with D I B that is dibenz imidazole benzene and this compound we mark it B because it gives blue color. Now if this blue colored compound if you try to vacuum sublimate what happens on vacuum sublimation you get a compound which is actually showing green in color. So, this is a simple sublimation process, but during sublimation a blue color compound goes to a green color compound which is of interest to us and we can try to see what really happens. Now you can take this blue color compounds which we call it as D I B B and you can take this green color compound if you look at the thermal analysis you can clearly see the one which is having intermolecular hydrogen bonding suddenly collapses and then the molecule undergoes a 100 percent weight loss and this happens somewhere around 500 degree C when you have intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Whereas in the intramolecular hydrogen bonding which is the case of the green emitting molecule you can see that there is a sharp fall around 400, but then it extends down up to 1000 degree which means the intramolecular hydrogen bonded compound is more thermally stable compared to intermolecular hydrogen bonded compound and because of this hydrogen bonding network the solid state property of these two compounds will vary. As a result you would see what happens to the absorption spectra the intramolecular hydrogen bonded one absorbs up to 450 or so whereas the regular hydrogen bonded shows a very sharp optical bandage and that is narrow at 350 nanometers and because of this reason you would also see that the emission spectra is very clearly different and what is the difference here you can see here the blue emitting molecule is showing your emission spectra somewhere around 380 nanometers whereas in the case of green emitting molecule the emission spectra is somewhere around 520 nanometers and if you compare the solid and the solution spectra emission spectra of the intramolecular hydrogen bonded molecule you can see that there is a collapse of this intramolecular hydrogen bonding once you put it in solution as a result there is a red shifted emission in solution compared to blue emission in the solid state whereas there is no such feature present in the case of intramolecular the salvation does not seem to affect. So this is a classic example to show that hydrogen bonding controls the PL emission even if it is a small molecule you can have a precise fine tuning of color if you if you can hold the hydrogen bonding which will decide the PL emission. So we have seen two case studies in one case I have shown you a spectrum of molecules and I have tried to impress upon you how the sulfur based compounds lead preferentially to white light emission and I have shown you some examples including devices as to why they show white light emission and also I have shown you in the second case how hydrogen bonding can affect the PL property. In the third case that I want to present today before I close is the photo and electro luminescent properties of a quinoline complex and this is called as a solid solution clathrate. I want to share with you here the excitement because all of us know that this is the most famous molecule called Al Q 3 molecule which has three quinoline units bonded to this it forms octahedral complex and this Al Q 3 molecule is one of the well known emissive layer in organic LEDs because it is also used in today's display devices including those display in digital cameras. Now Al Q 3 cannot just be the only molecule we need to look for newer molecules for new properties therefore what will happen suppose I take aluminum indium gallium these are in the same group therefore if I form Al Q 3 indium Q 3 gallium Q 3 is it possible for me to make one complex having three metal ions in the same complex and this is possible only if there are some number of molecules in a single unit cell then you can distribute atomically all these three atoms and in that case you can get all three atoms in one molecule which we call it as solid solution and this is possible because there is one polymorph which is called as a clathrate it is a caged structure or it is a larger molecule with pi stackings and I will show you some of the features of it this is a typical crystal structure of a alpha isomer of Al Q 3 and even in Al Q 3 there are different polymorphs and this is typically the x-ray crystal structure of a Al Q 3 alpha isomer and the Al Q 3 can either be in meridional form or facial form meridional isomer has a structure a core structure which has two oxygens in close proximity against one away from these two oxygens or these three oxygens can be equidistant so based on the way these oxygens are arranged either you can categorize this as facial isomer or meridional isomer but there is also one other phase which is called as clathrate and this clathrate phase is a low temperature phase if you try to heat this clathrate actually if you sub limit then you come across the alpha form or these are all categorized as meridional forms and there is another form called facial form so there can be inter conversion from meridional to facial or you can sub limit or you can suspend it in acetone and you can suspend it in acetone and you can realize either alpha gamma or delta form and you also have this crucial polymorph which is called clathrate which is actually made out of Al Q 3 complex stacked with several of the solvent molecules therefore this has a bigger crystal structure compared to the alpha isomers or the mer or facial isomer so we can actually try to look at the clathrate form and see if you can make all three atoms in a single molecule so if you look at the alpha form here z is equal to 2 so suppose you have gallium Q 3 you can see two gallium atoms sitting in this picture and this is the situation for a clathrate you can see there are four molecules of clathrate sitting in a cage structure and this is by and large a bigger one therefore there is a possibility in a single unit cell it is possible to put aluminum gallium and indium together in atomic level precision and how can we diagnose that if you take the x-ray diffraction peak the alpha isomer typically looks like this the delta isomer and the beta isomer they all have a characteristic pattern but essentially they all have only three quinoline moieties but the way they solid state packing goes they all differ from each other therefore they are called as different polymorphs but if you look at the clathrate this is called methanol clathrate the methanol clathrates have rather a very simple x-ray pattern which has a 100 percent peak somewhere around 10 now if you have a 10 degree peak then you can carefully try to look at al Q 3 clathrate gallium Q 3 clathrate indium Q 3 clathrate and try to see whether they all have the same x-ray peak and therefore we can try to look at what is the order of this solid solutions I will show you the x-ray peak the x-ray diffraction data of al Q 3 gallium Q 3 indium Q 3 and the solid solution if you see here all these peaks have a common 100 percent peak at 10 degree which means principally they are all x-ray isomorphous and because they are x-ray isomorphous it is possible to have all the three atoms together in same molecule why we are looking at it if you look at the aluminum Q 3 this has more p l efficiency compared to indium Q 3 because as you go down the series the p l efficiency goes down whereas if you look at the mobility as you go up the series the mobility decreases in other words mobility of the charge carrier is much better in indium Q 3 whereas the p l efficiency is low whereas in this case p l efficiency is much better in aluminum whereas the charge mobility is comparatively less because of the ionic size and because of the electro positive character so as a result now we need to look at two things one p l efficiency goes down as you go down the group and the ionic mobility of the charge carriers goes down as you go up the series so you need a compromise as a result one can go for a solid solution which will have both p l and mobility values in a compromising ratio and for this reason we can try to prepare this complexes how do we prepare such complex individual complexes you can prepare by taking the nitrate and this is hydroxy quinoline so if you reflect this at a optimum condition then you get aluminum Q 3 or indium Q 3 or gallium Q 3 now if you want to prepare a solid solution what you do you take this in stoichiometric proportion if you reflex it then you get this compound as you see although you take point three point three point three in net you seem to get only this sort of compound as a solid solution which means this is the most preferred stoichiometry at which the solid solution can be stable so you can see the x-ray pattern is exactly matching with the individual compounds. How do we know that this is a solid solution you can take the secondary electron image and the backscattered image secondary electron when backscattered image will give you clue whether it is a simple mixture of all the three complex together image you will see they are all in different colors in black and gray resolution they will all be in different shades but what you see here from this picture to this picture almost the color contrast is exactly the same therefore this is not a mixture of three complex but this is a solid solution and because it is a solid solution the stoichiometry at this point is going to be the same at this point the stoichiometry in any given place will be the same and that is the simple definition of a solid solution precursor now we have tried to refine we can try to refine this data as you see here al q 3 and a g they show the similar x-ray pattern and we can do the rate well analysis and we can see that both are crystallizing in monoclinic form and these are the structural datas but what is interesting that I would like to point out to you is the absorption spectra you can see that the absorption spectra of the al q 3 indium q 3 gallium q 3 and a g they all show similar feature which means the pi to pi star transition and the n to pi star transition you can see is happening at around 260 nanometer and somewhere around 380 nanometer this is due to n to pi star transition and this is due to pi to pi star transition and it is all the same for both the solid solutions and individual molecules but interesting point here is the emission data if you see the emission data we exactly have got what we anticipated because al q 3 and indium q 3 they have a very sharp change in the p l intensity al q 3 is highly luminescing compared to indium q 3 whereas if you prepare a solid solution which involves all 3 molecules atoms together then you can see that it is exactly place in the middle so this is your a g which means I am able to now make a compromise between the mobility of charge carriers and the p l intensity by bringing all 3 metal ions together in a single compound and this is possible only because it has a clathrate feature. So by knowing the crystal structure by knowing the x-ray pattern it is possible to find you to get the right composition which will have dual property of both the mobility as well as the p l emission in one single form and you can clearly see that if it is al q 3, gallium or indium they have preferred emission feature and if it is d i g in solid it exactly comes between these solids indicating that these are really the solid solution really the solid solution and the solid solution seems to be very typical of its structure and therefore you do not see much of a change whether you record it in solid or in liquid form and you can also try to fit this to a double exponential d k you can see 2 components tau 1 and tau 2 and mostly coming from the quinoline moieties and these are all some of the data's that we can agree upon and try to see how the solid solution is performing in comparison to the individual molecules you can see that the absorption is placed somewhere closer to indium and gallium and then the p l is exactly mid place between aluminum and gallium complex and so is all the homo luma values everything is recorded which clearly shows that such a solid solution can be achieved now this is the electro luminescence data e l spectra of a device which you can make with i t o as your anode then p dot p s s as the buffer layer t p d as your whole transport layer and this is the emissive layer and then you have the electron transport layer and this is the barrier and this is your cathode so in a device configuration like this you can see that a g is giving a nearly good green emission and one can see that the current and the light intensity curves are going hand in hand with a turn on voltage somewhere around 6 volts fairly good one and one can achieve a compromise between p l and mobility if one can actually play around with the amount of aluminum indium and gallium that you can take in a single solid solution and this is the e l spectra which shows that this is nearly a greenish orange emission greenish orange emission that is coming out of this e l spectra so what do we see here the clathrate architecture with z is equal to 4 formula unit in a unit cell facilitates doping of different metal ions in a single unit cell the essential feature that helps in realizing such a solid solution is the x ray isomorphous nature the e l device suggest that a g can be used as a emissive layer in the device structure with a low turn on voltage having said this I just want to make some quick summary in the first place we looked at the specificity of these aromatic compounds Benz heterosols and I have shown you that one a and two a preferentially shows white light the imidazoles show green and the oxazoles show red emission and a combination of thiasol and oxazole or thiasol and imidazole leads to either orange or to blue so with this notion one can say that there is a very definite way more like a thumb rule one can try to exercise in rationally preparing the decide organic compounds that will give you a preferred emission and of all the library of compounds studied thiasol insist configuration show selective white light emission extended pi conjugated structures not only alter the band gap but they give more thermal stability useful for device performance and lastly I have shown you an example where x ray isomorphous clathrates can help us engineer solid solution clathrates to get a compromise between p l emission and mobility of the charge carriers so I stop here with this examples and I will try to discuss in the next lecture how inorganic first can be used for display technology.