Good morning. Hello. Thank you for joining us today for the RTA's webinar on tenancy law changes for minimum housing standards and also rent increase frequency changes. Before we do start, we'd like to acknowledge the traditional owners on the land on which we are meeting today and where you are joining us as well and pay our respects to owners, elders, past, present and emerging. My name is Lynne Smith. I'm a senior community education officer with the RTA and with me today to help out with this session, I have my colleague Sam Gailer. Morning. And also out behind the scenes, we have Mark Fiddler. Morning all. Thanks Lynne. For today's session, I will recap the rental reforms and the existing tenancy laws that support minimum housing standards so they're already in place. I will also advise what the regulations state regarding minimum housing standards and we'll answer the commonly asked questions that we have been receiving. We'll also touch on the rent increase frequency changes that came into effect as of 1 July. So remember the role of the RTA is to administer the Queensland tenancy laws, which is the residential tenancies and room accommodation act 2008. Well, we don't make the rules. Our role is to help you and everyone involved in the rental sector understand their rights and obligations under the tenancy laws. Now, do acknowledge that our audience today is a mix of landlords, agents, property managers, community groups and tenants. And I thank you for your time to attend. But we do have a considerable amount of people that have registered for today. So our aim is to cover off on the information and questions around these two topics. If you do want to ask a question, please use the chat function in the Zoom on your toolbar. For the Q&A session, I am conscious of your time and again, with the high volume of attendees that we have now, not to run over time. So, Sam and Mark will be monitoring the questions and look out for any duplications or themed questions that we get through. So we will also cover common questions that we receive. When we do cover the common questions that we are receiving, you may find that your answer to your question might be covered in that section. So we'll also be putting some links for some information into the chat. So please keep an eye out for that as well. And for information delivered today, it's current at this point in time. And for general guidance only, we cannot provide you with legal advice. And for more information, you should always refer to the Act. So just a bit of a quick history on the rental reforms and how we got here. So this kicked off as part of a consultation back in 2018-19, which was the Queensland Government's open doors to renting reforms consultation. So the Queensland Government received over 137,000 responses from tenants, owners, property managers and other people in the rental sector that was part of that consultation stage. The Housing Legislation Amendment Act 2021 was passed in October 21 and was implemented in a staged approach. So the first of the stages was the domestic and family violence provisions. So it came into effect October 21. Then last year in October 22, the Framework for Negotiating Renty with Pets changes for the reasons to ending a tenancy, repair orders and some other amendments were introduced. Now a lot of information is available on the RTA's website and a whole pile of resources as well in relation to those changes last year. The final part of stage one is what we're dealing with today and that's the minimum housing standards. So as of 1 September 23, minimum housing standard starts for new tenancies and for all tenancies the following year. So I'm just going to quickly go over some of the amendments that started in October 2022 and are already in place to support the minimum housing standards. So more in-depth information on these points you'll find on our website. So for emergency repairs, this is where a tenant can organise an emergency repair if they are unable to contact the owner or the agent or their nominator repairer. This was changed to be up to four weeks rent equivalent whereas previously it was two weeks rent equivalent. Property managers can authorise emergency repairs on behalf of their owner-client up to four weeks rent and take that from the rent collected before they disperse the funds. A nominator repairer must be listed on the tenancy agreement whereas before it said it may be listed. So let's face it, emergencies usually occur after hours not during hours so it's really important that a tenant knows who to contact if there is an emergency repair. There's also a requirement for landlords or agents to disclose any outstanding repair orders to prospective tenants on the tenancy agreement. Repair orders came into effect last year and do have a fact sheet and video resource on that particular topic. So what is an emergency repair is outlined under section 214 of the legislation. An additional section has been added to include works that's required to comply with prescribed minimum housing standards which I'll talk about that shortly. A tenant can also end a tenancy within seven days of occupancy if the premises are not in good condition and as of one September if the premises don't meet minimum housing standards. Tenants would need to give 14 days notice to the landlord or the agent but if there is a dispute over the condition either party can lodge a dispute resolution request with the RTA and our conciliators can assist. I mentioned in the previous slide repair orders so repair orders add an additional pathway for tenants to have repairs carried out and a tenant can apply to the tribunal for an order on urgent or non-urgent repairs and a copy of that order is sent to the RTA. It's really important to note that a repair order is attached to the rental property and should there be a change of owners or a change of the property managers then the order will continue until it is complied with. So when the tribunal makes an order considers the conduct of the owner and the agent risk of injury loss of amenity so the repair order directions may include what is to be repaired and by when. It could also be a reduction in rent or amount of compensation until the repair is done or that the agreement will end if the repairs are not done by a certain date. So it also can be that the property is not to be relit until the property until those repairs have been done as well. So if you are an owner or a managing agent and you do require more time to get a repair order done you can seek an extension of time but you need to do that prior to the QCAT order expiring. There are penalty provisions under the Tents Law to contraven a repair order. So let's have a look at why we're here today and that is about the minimum housing standards as well as the changes to the rent increases. So let's start with minimum housing standards first. These will start from 1 September 2023 for new tenancies. So this is where you have a new tenancy agreement or rooming agreement that's being signed or a renewal agreement being signed and for all tenancies it will commence next year from 1 September 2024. So rental properties need to be safe, they need to be secure and have reasonable functionality. So let's step through what safe and secure means first. Firstly it is about the weatherproof and structurally sound. The roof and windows to prevent water entering, the floors, walls, ceiling, roof, deck stairs are not likely to collapse due to rot or a defect and as well you've got the supporting structure is not affected by significant dampness and the property condition is not likely to cause damage to the occupant's personal property. Fixtures and fittings need to be in good repair and not likely to cause injury. This does include if there's any electrical appliances that's included in the property so whether the property might be furnished or maybe semi-furnished. The property needs to be free of vermin, damp and mould. This obligation does not apply if the vermin, damp or mould is caused by the tenant. Now I know that we do have quite a lot of questions about mould and there is information on our website in relation to that topic because remember it's about it's important to know how the mould got there and that can actually help guide on who is actually responsible for that. In relation to locks on windows and doors, it's very clear that the legislation states a functioning lock or latch is fitted to all external windows and doors to secure the premises against unauthorized entry. This applies to windows and doors that do not require a ladder to access and clearly the purpose here is to ensure the premises are secure so every property does need to be assessed on a case-by-case basis so not every property is going to be the same and remember this is the minimum standard so what we're looking at here is minimum is a functioning lock or minimum a functioning latch is fitted to all those external windows and doors. We will talk about some of the common questions that we are receiving. We'll get to those shortly which probably will answer a lot of the questions that are coming through now through the chat. In relation to privacy coverings, windows in all rooms which the tenant reasonably expects privacy so this we are talking about like bedrooms we're talking about bathrooms this would require the privacy coverings could be a curtain, blind, tinting or glass frosting and this doesn't apply if the window is obstructed by a fence, a hedge tree or any other feature. Now the premises when we talk about reasonable functionality the premises must have adequate plumbing and drainage for the number of persons occupying the premises and be connected to a water supply service or infrastructure supplying hot and cold water suitable for drinking. The bathroom and toilet facilities must provide privacy and function as design. They must be connected to a sewer septic or other waste disposal system and if included the kitchen must include a functioning cooktop and the laundry must include fixtures required to provide a functional laundry. Now I just want to also touch base here in relation to properties that are within a body corporate. So this is where we are talking about the units, your townhouses, your apartment complexes so just keep in mind some of the complexes are going to have bylaws around the colour or type of window coverings so as an example it might be that the curtains of blinds have to have a white backing or something like that. For repairs again checking whether or not it's the owner's responsibility or whether it could potentially fall to the body corporate. So some examples might be that roof and external walls and even some internal piping might fall to the body corporate for repair rather than the owner. So you need to look at the timeframes that a body corporate or the committee members may need to action those repairs and maintenance and whether or not the repair actually falls within their cost limits at the time or whether they may need to take further action. So the RTA has collaborated with the body corporate commissioner's office and we have done a short webinar that is available on our website on this particular topic. So if you happen to rent, manage or own a unit in a townhouse or a townhouse then I'd recommend watching that short video. Now Sam I'm going to get you to come online and we are going to go through the very common questions that we have been getting asked particularly over the last couple of months. So Sam do I have to do deadlocks and window locks? No problem. So the legislation doesn't stipulate deadlocks does say that there needs to be a lock and on the window there needs to be a functioning lock or a latch that may be property specific. If you want to put a deadlock on you can but there's nothing requiring you to. Yeah and again it's about that case by case situation and again reasonable security for that individual property. If I have security screens do I still need to add a lock or latch? So the legislation still does stipulate lock or a latch depending on the security screen it may not be too big an issue from a security perspective but the window does still need to be locked or latched and so does the door. Now what happens if the tenant has their own curtains? Yeah so the tenant can have their own curtains they can put their own curtains up if there was any sort of window covering there before then when the tenant leaves they need to return it in as close to the original condition as possible when they first moved in I'd recommend probably getting any kind of agreement there in writing. And do I have to engage a third party professional to ensure my property complies with the standards? Yeah so there's a few questions coming through around this so this hopefully will will help cover that. There's nothing in the legislation that says a third party professional needs to be engaged it just says what the standards are not how you get it there. Obviously if it's a lock on the door it's probably not going to need anything particularly complex there but if you have any concerns or you think there might be concerns with rot or defects in the roof then obviously we recommend getting someone who knows about those things same for electrical. Yeah what happens if I do not comply with a repair order or I need more time? Yeah so there's a range of things that can happen if you don't comply with the repair order ranging from the property not being able to be relet, tenant potentially leaving possible penalties. If you do need more time you can apply for more time but you should do so before the order expires so apply to QCAT. And also if my lease is periodic when does this start? Yeah it's a good one so this is for minimum housing standards is for new or renewed agreements at this stage and then for all agreements from September 1st 2024. Great now I know that I have quickly just glance at the chat as well there is questions about mould so I'll just quickly touch on that and going that you really need to come down to looking at how the mould got there. So if we are talking about a roof that is leaking and there's mould on the ceiling well then clearly that would be going back to the owner to rectify. If we are talking about mould in the bathroom because the tent might not have used the exhaust fan or open up the window for ventilation and things like that well then that may then obviously fall to the tenant to rectify. We know that some areas that are a bit gray sometimes can fall into when it's the environmental concerns you know with wet weather and things like that so it's no one's fault no tenant no owner fault and in those situations we recommend both the owner and the tenant working together to try and get the matter resolved. So there is more information on our website on mould but we'll just keep moving on because I'm just again conscious of time here with everyone asking a lot of questions which we will get to at the end and hopefully Mark can actually de-jupe some of the same questions that's coming through as well. Let's have a talk about rent increases from that change so this is the frequency part that's changing from six months to 12 months and came into effect as of one July. So in April Queensland Parliament passed legislation to limit the rent increase frequency to be no more than once every 12 months. So this amendment was part of the local government electoral and other legislation amendment bill so these amendments do bring Queensland into line with other Australian jurisdictions so it doesn't limit the rent increase amount and previously the Act stated rent increases was not less than six months so from one July that rent increase frequency is now to be not less than 12 months. So it does apply to existing and new tenancies from one July. The changes are retrospective meaning that if you have an existing lease with an increase coming up and it says it's six months then that will not be lawful. The increase will need to be 12 months. The 12 months minimum period applies where at least one tenant's right to occupy the property continues and whether or not there has been a change of property owner or property manager. So again reminded that the 12 months does not always equal 52 weeks so if you get your calendar out you will find 52 weeks is 52 weeks and 12 months we talk to the Acts Interpretation Act in that and then a month is actually a calendar month so be very mindful of that when you are looking at your increases. Those periods still do apply when you are looking to rent increase the rent as well. So to get a better understanding of the increase I put two scenarios here. If you've got an agreement that started in March 23 the rent is scheduled to increase with a renewal agreement in September 23 and all the tenants are continuing then the rent increase would be ineffective. You could not increase the rent until March 2024. If you have a 12 month agreement that started say in April this year has a special term with a rent increase that was due in October. Again this increase would be ineffective and could not increase the rent until April 2024. So the legislation remains the same when it comes to a tenant wishing to dispute a proposed rent increase if they feel it is excessive. So a tenant can make an application to the Tribunal which is the Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal for an order. There is a process to follow and some time frames so a tenant would need to go through the RTA's free dispute resolution service first and must make the application within 30 days of receiving the increased notification. So if it does progress to QCAT an adjudicator can consider a whole range of areas and that may be the range of market rents usually charged for this type of property, state of the property or the repair, the term of the tenancy, the proposed increase amount and it could be anything else that the Tribunal considers at the time. So we do publish median rent data and I might get Mark just to put a link in our chat. If you ever want to know what your median rent is for like one, two or three bedroom units or two, three bedroom houses in your individual postcode in your area then you we do publish this every quarter so you'll be able to find that on the RTA's website. Okay so just going over some questions Sam I'll get you to come back online and these are sort of the types of questions that we have been getting asked throughout our face-to-face sessions and also in our call centre as well. So first one, Sam what happens if I've already signed a new lease and it's now not compliant? Yep no worries so we would suggest that the agreement be redone, agents and owners obviously to talk with tenants and inform them of that. The rent amount will not be able to be the increased amount because it's not compliant. If there's an issue where the tenant doesn't re-sign it or something it's probably just as simple as a letter or an email stating that the rent amount will not be coming into effect. Okay why haven't the tenant doesn't sign the amended lease? Yeah so that's basically the scenario that we talked about you know if they don't sign it it doesn't mean that the lease isn't valid but it's just about making sure you've got clear communication so it can just be an email to the tenant advising that that rent amount won't won't apply but the lease is still valid. And what happens if I have a special term in the lease already signed but now that's not going to be compliant? Yep again if that term is not going to be valid I recommend writing to the tenants just to make sure that it's clear and that you've got a record of that. Now can I swap around tenants names or approved occupants and so that I can increase the rent under the 12 months so this is one thing that we are seeing people try to do. So as an example if you've got like a husband and wife only the husband's name on the lease and they go oh we'll just change it over to be the wife on the lease or we change it over and put the children's names on the lease rather than the parents' names. Yeah so I mean it's not unusual when legislation is changed for people to try and work it so that they can you know have it to their best situation but if you're swapping around the tenants names in in that kind of way then you're probably being seen to be evading the act and so the short answer to that is no no you can't do that. So there's penalty provisions isn't it for evading? It is an offence it can be investigated. We would recommend obviously welcome to call through to our contact centre and have a discussion but the short answer with that is don't do that. In the lease break situation can I increase the rent and advertise it higher if it's still under the 12 months? So as of right now yes you can. You need to be very mindful in a lease break situation that if you're increasing the rent that it's still likely to be seen as reasonable. You've got a duty to mitigate loss which is a requirement to keep your financial losses as small as possible so you don't want to be seen as trying to put off perspective tenants you're just looking at trying to get market value for instance. That situation is one of the ones that potentially changes with the proposed changes to the renting prices. Which I'll get to that shortly and look we know too that we have some community providers in our audience today and they do reviews on like Centrelink or pension payments and things like that to have their rent increases amended accordingly and most likely they do that every six months. So just to put it out there too that we know that some of the community housing providers or NRAS providers are subject to these changes and they were not excluded. However if you had an exemption under section 93.6 then those exemptions would still continue but we do know that some of the community housing providers are also captured with this 12 months so just something to be mindful of there. Okay as you mentioned before CM2 just an update for everyone as of the 12th of July the Queensland Government announced a consultation on the rent increase frequency on the objective of the reform and to ensure the annual rent increase limit operates effectively and helps stabilise the rent in the private rental market. Now the Queensland Government is seeking your feedback so feedback from tenants agents landlords the community sector regarding the proposal is to attach the rent increase frequency to the property rather than individual tendencies. So there is a discussion paper available and I'll get Mark to also probably put the link in our chat as well. This has been released by the government and again this is your opportunity to have your say. The consultation is open between now and the 11th of August. While there has been reports of landlords doing multiple different things in relation to the 12 monthly frequency the housing minister which is Minister Megan Scanlon has said that you know she's met with stakeholders and proposed tying the rent increases to the properties rather than the tendencies and she just wants to ensure that the original intent of the laws are being respected. So this is your opportunity to have your say as part of this consultation. So again it's open between now and the 11th of August. So just before we get to all the questions which I know we have a lot of questions coming through just touch on the previous changes that are in effect as of now. So the 1 October 2021 provisions the Domestic and Family Violence provisions there's many steps and forms and timeframes evolved in this particular process. So we do have an easy to follow flow chart that's available for both tenants and landlords and agents that's on our website and we welcome you to download that and keep that as a tool if you need if you are in that situation to know what to do. From 1 October 2022 that was last year the main changes were coming through for ending tenancies this is the removal of the without grounds provision and new reasons to end a tenancy were introduced. The framework for negotiating renting with a pet so all the forms the request of the forms and the response forms are available on our website repair orders which I touched on earlier and some other amendments. So again our website does have a lot of information on the past changes as well as our upcoming changes. So we've got webinars videos podcast fact sheets frequently asked questions and a lot more and please go to our website for that information. So before we go to your questions just the other announcement that was made by the Queensland Government. So many of you would be aware of the announcement of stage two of the rental reforms. The government produced an options paper and did seek feedback from the rental sector that consultation closed on the 29th of May 2023. There were five key legislative reform priorities that was listed in that options paper and they include installing modifications making personalization changes balancing privacy and access improving the rental bond process and fairer fees and charges. So remember this is not law as we have it as of today. This was a consultation and it's only just closed. So this is now back to the Department of Housing to review the feedback it's received from everybody in the rental sector. So hopefully once we know more we will be letting you know more. So hopefully you've had your opportunity to have your say and as I said it's not law now and we can't answer any questions on this but once we do know more we can let you know. Okay Mark over to you and Sam to pop in for me and just have a look through. I know that there's a lot of questions that's come through so I'll leave it to you and Sam just to go through them. Thanks Lynn and thanks very much for the questions that have come through. We have addressed a number of them community housing rent increases some of the body corporate issues. There is one question here in relation to vermin does this rule out that the tenants are required to keep the property pest free? Okay look good question. So the legislation doesn't say specifically that the tenants required to keep the property pest free. I mean you can say obviously they're not they're able to cause vermin. The tenant is required to keep the property clean and ultimately if there's pests or if the property is not being kept clean then that is a breach. Fantastic Lynn touched on the community housing rent. I've got a scenario here if a lease has been renewed in May 23 for six months does this mean on the renewal there's no rent increase allowed until May 2024 or can I increase in November 2023 at the six month mark? So as the legislation stands currently it would need to be 12 months until that rent amount could be increased so that would be May 2024. And on a just on the same vein there's a question around if a tenancy ends less than you know six months or around that six month mark what's the situation with rent increase if I'm starting a new lease at that point? Yeah so as again we can only really talk to what the legislation is at the moment. We know there's some proposed changes but as the as the legislation is at the moment if it's a brand new tenancy and all of the previous tenants have moved out then in that case there can be an agreement for an increase in the rent at that point but it has to be all brand new tenants none left from the previous one. Fantastic now I know we did touch on this and one of the frequently asked questions around this but just to confirm around latches I've been asked what the definition of a latch is we've been asked if it already has security screens is a lot required what about if there's fly screens only so just if we can just reconfirm some of the information. Yeah no worries so this is this is minimum housing standards and minimum is obviously the keyword there. Security screens, fly screens are not mentioned in the legislation although they may very well be a really good idea they may be very useful but there's not a requirement under the legislation to meet these minimum housing standards to have a fly screen. As for definitions of locks or latches the regulation just says a functioning lock or latch and it all ties into the property needs to be reasonably safe and secure which it's always needed to this is just specifying a little bit more on how you go about that so it doesn't say that you know you don't need a lock or a latch on the window if you've got a fly screen potentially depends on the type of fly screen but ultimately the legislation says a functioning lock or latch. Fantastic specific question here suggested we wouldn't get into specific questions but if a toilet's not working but the tenant has a second toilet I think this is around probably the emergency repair aspect of things yeah and what constitutes an emergency as opposed to a routine repair. Sure so a toilet's broken a toilet a broken toilet is is defined as an emergency repair under the act it doesn't say that you know it doesn't stipulate that it's only an emergency if it's the only toilet that you've got so it still counts as an emergency repair under our act but potentially the the impact is lessened if they have another toilet but it is still an emergency repair. Fantastic there are a number of questions around body corporate we just reconfirmed I did drop the link into the chat so around the body corporate webinar that we did but obviously there can be some concerns around where repairs sit and who's responsibility. Yeah so ultimately we can talk to the tenancy legislation there is a requirement to have a copy of body corporate bylaws it can get a little bit murky at times as to whose responsibility it is but as a tenant you follow your tenancy process it may be issuing a breach notice potentially to the agent or the owner and there may be other scenarios if it's a bit complex I'd probably recommend giving us a call. Fantastic all right I think from a series of questions I think we've covered the main topics that we've got in here I'll let you finish off Lynn. Thanks mate I'm just conscious everyone there's a lot of questions there I know that while we have covered a lot if we haven't got to yours specifically keep in mind that a couple things just to summarize here Sam has said quite often in the question side it's about its minimum standards right so you need to look at each property needs to be addressed on a case-by-case basis and if again the main purpose here is security reasonably safe and functionality so they're the main key areas the other part in relation to rent increases I see that there's a lot of questions around that can I suggest going to our website we have some frequently asked questions and we also have some further information a copy of this webinar if you did look at taking notes and you missed a few things a copy of our webinar will be available on our website by next week so please keep an eye out for that if you do need to just run past things again there will be information there now before I finish up I just want to let you know there is a quick survey that's going to pop up after the webinar finishes we'd love you to take that short moment to complete that two short questions and we'd like to know what sort of topics you would like to know more about remember our website has a lot of information and resources available to help you and particularly to navigating not just the start and the end of a tenancy but what things that might actually occur during a tenancy as well and what processes you need to follow our contact center our fabulous friendly staff in our call center is available Monday to Friday 8 3 to 5 excluding public holidays on 1300 3 double 6 3 double 1 so feel free to reach out to them as well thank you Sam thank you Mark and again everybody thank you for attending today's webinar and on behalf of the outreach and the education team we look forward to you joining us again for another webinar or see you in person at one of our face-to-face events thanks everybody and the webinar will now end


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we are going to discuss Condition for Prependicularity and Paranism for two given lines. When the given lines are prependicular to each other then angle between them is 90 degrees that is theta is equal to 90 degrees which implies that the value of cos of theta that is equal to cos of 90 degrees is equal to 0 but cos of theta is given by L1 into L2 plus M1 into M2 plus M1 into M2. When the value of theta is equal to 90 degrees then we have cos of 90 degrees is equal to L1 into L2 plus M1 into M2 plus M1 into M2 which implies that cos of 90 degrees that is 0 is equal to L1 into M2 plus M1 into M2 plus M1 into M2 which implies that L1 into L2 plus M1 into M2 plus M1 into M2 is equal to 0 is the required condition of prependicularity of two given lines where L1 M1 M1 and L2 M2 M2 are the direction for the two given lines also if A1 B1 C1 and A2 B2 C2 are the direction ratios of the two lines then cos of theta is equal to plus minus of A1 into A2 plus B1 into B2 plus C1 into C2 upon square root of summation of A1 square into square root of summation of A2 square where summation of A1 square is equal to A1 square plus B1 square plus C1 square and summation of A2 square is equal to A2 square plus B2 square plus C2 square and if the value of theta is given as 90 degrees then cos of angle theta that is 90 degrees is equal to 0 therefore cos of 90 degrees which is equal to 0 is equal to plus minus A1 into A2 plus B1 into B2 plus C1 into C2 upon square root of summation of A1 square into square root of summation of A2 square which implies that plus minus of A1 into A2 plus B1 into B2 plus C1 into C2 is equal to 0 that is the value of A1 into A2 plus B1 into B2 plus C1 into C2 is equal to 0 which is also the condition of preventive polarity of two lines looking we have when the given lines are parallel to each other that is the value of theta is equal to 0 degrees so sin of theta that is sin of 0 degrees is equal to 0 which implies that sin square of angle theta is equal to 0 we know that the value of sin square of theta is equal to 1 minus cos square of theta and cos of theta is given by L1 into L2 plus L1 into L2 plus L1 into L2 which implies that sin square of theta is equal to 1 minus cos square of theta that is L1 into L2 plus L1 into L2 plus L1 into L2 B whole square on serving this we get sin square theta is equal to L1 into L2 minus of L2 into L1 B whole square plus L1 into L2 minus of L2 into L1 B whole square plus L1 into L2 minus of L2 into L1 B whole square sin square theta is equal to 0 implies that L1 into L2 minus of L2 into L1 B whole square plus L1 into L2 minus of L2 into L1 B whole square plus L1 into L2 minus of L2 into L1 B whole square is equal to 0 As sum of these squares of non-zero terms cannot be 0. Therefore, L1 into M2 minus of L2 into M1 is equal to 0. M1 into M2 minus of M2 into M1 is equal to 0. And L1 into L2 minus of M2 into L1 is equal to 0. L1 into M2 minus of L2 into M1 is equal to 0 implies that L1 into M2 is equal to L2 into M1. Similarly, M1 into M2 minus of M2 into M1 is equal to 0 implies that M1 into M2 is equal to M2 into M1 and M1 into L2 minus of M2 into L1 is equal to 0 implies that M1 into L2 is equal to M2 into L1. Which server implies that L1 into M2 is equal to L2 into M1 can be written as L1 by L2 is equal to M1 by M2. Similarly, M1 into M2 is equal to M2 into M1 can be written as M1 by M2 is equal to M1 by M2 and M1 into L2 is equal to M2 into L1 can be written as M1 by M2 is equal to L1 by L2. Now, L1 by L2 is equal to M1 by M2, M1 by M2 is equal to M1 by M2 and M1 by M2 is equal to L1 by L2 implies that L1 by L2 is equal to M1 by M2 is equal to M1 by M2 also is A1, B1, C1 and A2, B2, C2 are the direction ratio of the two lines as lines are parallel, theta is equal to 0 degrees then we have sin of theta that is sin of 0 degrees is equal to 0 which implies that sin square of theta will also be equal to 0. Now, as we know that the value of sin square of theta is given by L1 into M2 minus of L2 into M1 B whole square plus M1 into M2 minus of M2 into M1 B whole square plus M1 into L2 minus of M2 into L1 B whole square and we know that the value of L1 is given by A1 upon square root of summation of A1 square M1 is equal to B1 upon square root of summation of A1 square and M1 is equal to C1 upon square root of summation of A1 square Similarly, A2 is equal to A2 upon square root of summation of A2 square into is equal to B2 upon square root of summation of A2 square and n2 is equal to c2 upon square root of summation of a2 square. The summation of a1 square is equal to a1 square plus b1 square plus c1 square and summation of a2 square is equal to a2 square plus b2 square plus c2 square. Where l1, m1, n1 and l2, m2, n2 are the direction cosines of the two lines and a1, b1, c1 and a2, b2, c2 are the direction ratio of the two lines and I am putting the values of l1, m1, n1 and l2, m2, n2 in this equation we get a1 into b2 minus of a2 into b1 b2 square plus b1 into c2 minus of b2 into c1 b2 square plus c1 into a2 minus of c2 into a1 b2 square whole upon square root of summation of a1 square into square root of summation of a2 square is equal to 0 which implies that a1 into b2 minus of a2 into b1 b2 square plus b1 into c2 minus of b2 into c1 b2 square plus c1 into a2 minus of c2 into a1 b2 square is equal to 0 and this is true if each term is equal to 0 therefore we have a1 into b2 minus of a2 into b1 is equal to 0 b1 into c2 minus of b2 into c1 is equal to 0 and c1 into a2 minus of c2 into a1 is equal to 0 now a1 into b2 minus of a2 into b1 is equal to 0 implies that a1 by a2 is equal to b1 by b2 similarly b1 into c2 minus of b2 into c1 is equal to 0 implies that b1 by b2 is equal to c1 by c2 and c1 into a2 minus of c2 into a1 is equal to 0 implies that c1 by c2 is equal to a1 by a2 now we have a1 by a2 is equal to b1 by b2 b1 by b2 is equal to c1 by c2 and c1 by c2 is equal to a1 by a2 which implies that a1 by a2 is equal to b1 by b2 is equal to c1 by c2 which is also a condition for parallelism let us take an example so that the lines join in a with the coordinates 10 4 minus 6 to b with the coordinates 12 to 8 and c with the coordinates minus 6 minus 4 minus 2 to b with the coordinates minus 2 minus 8 26 are parallel here we have given point a with the coordinates 10 4 minus 6 and point b with the coordinates 12 to 8 then the direction ratios of line a b are given by 12 minus 10 that is 2 2 minus 4 that is minus 2 8 minus of minus 6 that is 14 so the value of a1 is equal to 2 the value of b1 is equal to minus 2 and the value of c1 is equal to 14 similarly we are given point c with the coordinates minus 6 minus 4 minus 2 and point b with the coordinates minus 2 minus 8 26 then the direction ratios of line cd are given by minus 2 minus of minus 6 that is 4 minus 8 minus of minus 4 that is minus 4 25 minus of minus 2 that is 28 so a2 is equal to 4 b2 is equal to minus 4 and c2 is equal to 28 and we know that the conditions for parallelism is a1 by a2 is equal to b1 by b2 is equal to c1 by c2 therefore we have a1 by a2 that is 2 by 4 which is equal to 1 by 2 b1 by b2 which is equal to minus 2 by minus 4 will be equal to 1 by 2 and c1 by c2 that is 14 by 28 is also equal to 1 by 2 now we have a1 by a2 is equal to b1 by b2 is equal to c1 by c2 therefore we can say that the line a b is parallel to the line cd this completes our session hope you enjoyed this session


After I think that was a little bit after y'all, though Right after y'all Yeah, yeah, yeah, man I love music, so I know, man Thank you, man Listen, man, thank you, bro You know what I'm saying? So just tell us a little bit About yourself, if a person under a rock And don't realize what's going on Amen, Mr. Pookie Dallas Tix is a veteran They call me a legend 20 years in the game, man 1999, my first project Before that I was on K-Rock album, you know what I'm saying? That's the first cat that come out of our hood Starting to cook But he He ain't making it as far as You know what I'm saying? The rest of us, so you know what I'm saying? I came right after that And the city went crazy, bro No, no, no, I remember I was a part of that crazy Yeah, the city went crazy, bro And I don't even I owe that to Dallas Forward You know what I'm saying? You guys killed that, man I'm gonna be honest with you I mean, you and Mr. Lucha Y'all were serious about it But I don't know y'all were so young back then Y'all were so young And so Just down for whatever How old were you guys at that time? I was 22 when I dropped the real blue I said Lucha was 15 Wow He was 15 when Crook for Life hit the radio He was 15, he was still in high school And so how did you You just in the same place At the same time? It came together like We got our own hoods from Crook That's in Ralph Dallas Yeah K-Rock, my partner actually introduced me to Lucha Really Kevin, him and Kevin He made Lucha in a barbershop You know what I'm saying? He actually gave Lucha his name Really? He was in a barbershop in Garland A non-barbershop out there Another one I partners They introduced K-Rock to Lucha He was going by J-Rock or something like that And From there he made Kevin A And Kevin A introduced him to me And That's just how I went bro So what was the process back then Because back then We didn't articulate the process It wasn't around, you know what I mean What was the whole process of you coming in When y'all got together Did somebody say we could make some Nice music Because rap was different then So just tell me how Because the day you hear He on Instagram He on Facebook, no he on Tiktok Let's go look at him, he on YouTube Yeah so They got more control over it But back when y'all done it You had to be a word of mouth You had to be a real stepper back then To even be able to do something like you guys done Yeah you wasn't on nobody's stage No work unless you was on the radio Unless you had a CD out doing something Like you wouldn't Like it is now You couldn't get It wasn't on stage where you could just come up And just show your talent You know what I'm saying You had to be doing something Know somebody It wasn't like that at all It wasn't like it was straight Word of mouth You were dropping off CDs at the local CD shop To make show niggas Know you got a new one out That's how you know you was going hard back in the day Plenty of music and you know something You was going to blow You had to buy that CD man Did you go to Houston And places around here in San Antonio Or did you just kind of hang in Dallas This what we did We broke out Dallas Dallas Forward put it on the map Let me say that first Shout out Dallas Forward baby Dallas Forward stood up Like I ain't never seen before Ain't nobody ever done that To see that I ain't never did that Got behind nobody The whole city Dallas Forward DFW I had the numbers then So I can see it Man Man bro I'm talking about it was like We did like 35,000 Dallas Forward then Right first sound scan That's good You know what I'm saying We went from there to Shreveport From Shreveport to Arkansas Then Mississippi Then it just trickled from our Because we went to Alabama Then with the Chattanooga Bro we did The thing you just said is so Far Fetched Far Fetched because You just told me that the numbers were so good In the Dallas Forward area Where you scaled And a lot of people don't realize how powerful Of an impact it can be when you're hot Right here in Dallas If you can get all the people behind you Yeah cause Dallas like It's a lot of places following Dallas I might not know All the East Texas Towns I know They got them on the radio station They been on the show And they follow One on four And that's how I went bro If you was on one on four They branched out to them a little And they went through all the East Texas Towns It's a problem It just kept going bro And it just spread it like that But once certain One on four played Certain radio stations automatically pick it up Cause one on four is what it was You know what I'm saying Like Oklahoma, East Texas You know what I'm saying Kevin they had connections In a lot of them places So it just Baby Since I dropped And went out there and messed with baby And it was You really doing the job Making sure the playlist Making sure you get in the faces of the people You need to get into in each of those cities And get on that radio groove That's a whole different conversation Yeah real tough You know what I'm saying because A lot of niggas don't know how to get in there and develop You gotta work that album You gotta go meet them people These niggas now don't got real romantic with it though These artists today They feel like they manage it But back in your time Oh you gonna go out there And make sure it get done See that's the whole vibe Niggas wanna structure now In a way where they can say Oh man you my manager didn't go out I feel like he could have DMO My niggas on social media gonna take them off Even the social media Social media is just an extra tool Now that you can use To do that You still gotta hit the ground I gotta feel a real social media The pros and cons of the internet bro I'm gonna tell you What's going on now Back in the day Like we said we had word of mouth Yeah You had to see the artists You had to catch them in the magazines On a show that's doing Dive, dive, source You gotta catch them in places Where everybody go to and look for You know what I'm saying that stuff But And so it took a while For you to actually Get the character Of the rapper you like You couldn't really get his character Of You know what I'm saying You had to get it off the interviews You had to get it off What you read about him And when you see him You rarely got to see him So you check him for him When you do see him So it's you don't never really get the full picture Of what he is You know what I'm saying Until you meet him You go to a show or something You know what I'm saying You see it like that But like now They see who you are Right now I like it because You can't lie That's what I'm saying And I tell niggas Listen You can't lie and when I say you can't lie When I say you can't lie Yeah you can put up a persona But I'm not saying that I'm just saying Real street niggas don't realize it But the numbers and the calculation Is gonna hit you dead in your face If you're not good enough The internet gonna say niggas You ain't good enough That's what I like about it And if you say You see what I'm saying And the people looking at it And they looking at it and they looking at analytics and everything And they say niggas you suck Niggas you good I love it But they can see exactly how you will No matter how you want to portray yourself You Putting yourself on camera They gonna still see the real You know what I like about it even more Y'all might think I'm tripping when I say this But I love to see a nigga go live Cause it show your real life That live hard on a nigga boy That's what I say But you know it's hard Am I right? Cause it's gonna tell your real life That live gonna go in Cause if you in a regular house With clothes all behind you Something niggas done not even smart enough to know to set it up right So these niggas be lying They look good in the office and they get upset Or he get caught slipping He be like let me go live So you and me I'm gonna show you all that You gonna get all that with me and this is real That's real I ain't got nothing to hide And I like that man I love the way you guys Cause you from the old school though Really let's be real You came out a young boy Now you the old G It's a trip ain't it How did this happen I didn't know what it thought I'm gonna be dead next week You know what Treat me I do Call me school Oh they do it I'm telling school I was at work Food say I got a school I said I just Smell like that Damn I'm school I'm like that Do you get up All the time Well I tell you man From different races and everything I'm telling you bro It's dirt So you know when you hear some man And it come through and it be something like You know what I'm saying Some You know Man y'all hear that man You niggas ain't really Y'all niggas don't know what's going on here One time for you niggas I made that course coming down 75 Oh yeah See that's how we do it over here man We gonna make it a show live baby Yeah We gonna get it So what happened I mean when you did that man When you guys you say you did that on 75 Yeah I did that I wrote the course Me and K-Rock we's in a stolen car bro I ain't gonna say stolen It was a rental doping You know how we used to rent the doping cars back then It was a doping car bro We riding down 75 We passing raw land 75 Specifically I remember that We coming up I knew it was a smoke song off top That's me I'll top this smoke song That's the one We just vibing thinking you know what I'm saying Me and K-Rock came up With the coming down there I wrote the actual verse in Houston though Oh yeah My mama stayed down I went down there and I broke my collarbone went down there Stayed with her for a second She gave me some little weed Vibed out I wrote that on her porch On the stirrup Smoking So he said who made that beat He said Kevin A made that beat Is Kevin A still working or no He Yes and no Matter of fact he getting back into it right now He worked but we wouldn't work with Yeah he In the game Hey nigga That beat was slamming Till to this day That song did more for me Than crook for life We about to get into crook for life I want to hear a little bit of it Just Yeah That's the one right there That made a new get in this car That really right You can't tell me nothing I'm from Dallas I couldn't listen to I couldn't listen to I couldn't listen to I couldn't listen to I couldn't listen to I couldn't listen to What was the deal with that one man It's like for life man That's the hood and for mess up and grab everybody That's what I couldn't listen to When he let me hear that beat I knew what it was Was that another one that Kevin A came through All minds, all luches, all K-Rus All of them, he did all of them That one there man The video was slamming too That video better than Some of these kids Shia was on that video That's my nigga We take a model and we don't Me and my wife take it to Vegas and stuff with us And I look back and I send it to her one day I say I see you little young nigga I had captioned I was sitting right out here in the truck probably about 10 years ago I said I'm gonna make me a video and I looked And she walked across the aisle Hell, that's my nigga Shout out to premier A.K.A. Shia Yeah, A.K.A. Regina What up baby What's up, how's that your boy man I hit up about 2 days ago We family man, you know what I'm saying I love that girl man She always been down with me She support me 100, whatever I'm doing You know what I'm saying That song man The cadence It had to be hot, that beat just pushing you Kevin A, when he let me hear that beat I already knew what it was That's the hood anthem right there Had to do it That's my crook for life That's the hood anthem right there But actually what y'all don't know What's that We love that exclusive That song On that song it was supposed to be me K-Rock and C-Pone Okay And uh I had man like Pone C-Pone is like That was our dude in the hood That dude that rap bro That's who we got behind They just brought me down there to Kevin A Kevin A just wanted to work with me out there Heard me but that's who we was behind Yeah This kid was phenomenal bro Freestyle I swear to God It was like he wrote it bro But it's right there in front of you He was that cold, we was all behind him You know what I'm saying He just freestyle though, he ain't right You know what I'm saying But it was so good bro, you couldn't even tell You know what I'm saying But I had him writing I had him writing And he started Crook for Life out Crook for Life was broke down first He started like a piano Don't don't Don't don't You know it was a build up And I had the nigga come in Like right bro And I had him flipping He ain't never flipped before Wow man I wish I really could have heard that Man listen man I loved everything you guys Was doing and I was a big fan And I'm so honored for you to come on this show Like it's an honor and a pleasure And you know what I'm saying I'm an older cat So I was watching and listening And I was hustling That thing pushed me through a lot of different trap houses Hey niggas can't talk like me on here You niggas better check my background nigga I'm like pimp nigga You better go look me up nigga You know what I'm saying But at the end of the day I appreciated that Man because it took me down a lot of highways That basically You know it was just me and you And the dope Yeah I made it through You know what I'm saying Nervous and all So thank you A lot of niggas wouldn't come that real Back in the days man We talking 20 years ago now We know what happened in the 90s And a lot of niggas can't speak on it Cause hey you know what I'm saying They wasn't really doing the things that we done I'm being real And I'm not trying to brag on it But I'm just saying that's our history And when I say pimp on this show It's a reason behind it When I say Mr. Poogie, Loochie When I say the niggas that I know That got me through Scarface you know what I'm saying Let me see if this one gonna play right there Man I love this man Listen man Bro you gotta give See this is the show I'm gonna talk about other things But I gotta talk about that first Crazy about that Like me and Kevin We were close then We doing Loochie app now And I heard that before Any of them yeah Let me hear it first And we had just started We did a label deal When we did that deal We was gonna bring everybody Through the city Through our company Either under us or If they had their own thing We had that deal You know what I'm saying We was gonna distribute Chief That's why we was Like a distribution deal We was even doing something with Swisherhouse and everything Yeah it was a happy You know what I'm saying But at the end of the day I knew He was doing that for Chief Because Chief had his own thing He had his own thing Yeah he always had I just peeped his thing Like we doing this deal You want me to work with him like that Let's do a song together And that's how that happened He let me hear that beat for Chief and any of them And I heard Chief I heard him on there He said yeah I said yeah I heard him on there And he said we writing Loochie app So we just go over his crib Get the beats go over his crib And check it out And I'm playing the beat And we listening to it And Chief was like I think I got something I think I got something to it Y'all check this out He already had it How was that Chief man That Chief was young man Same Chief Young Chief Was that his first body of work Or he already had He already had it Like half step It was already his song He had the chords basically He put the chords to that beat He said I got something that might go with it He spit that chords I said I like it What y'all think? I say we like it I say check this out Let him hear it He say I like it y'all go Start writing our verses that was it Wow that's what's up First now We letting it be known That heck of an inflow That inflow gotta be right baby And that's the thing we do on boss talk 101 What a real boss talk Step up your game You're gonna boss it up Boss talk 101 We got these bosses sitting in these seats The whole reason it happened But that's the thing about music Man it take you somewhere Every time I play one of those songs I'm in this situation at that time Like you talking about and I know that That's what that music done to my fans Like that's what I got With my fans That personal experience That's what done carried us our way Up to now When you play them songs That's what you just said That pops up for everybody Everybody put you right back You know ECO ain't playing baby We got that boy Mr. Pookie in here You know what I'm saying Recognize when you see this brother Thank this brother because like I said These brothers here we giving them roses Why they here man I love all my Dallas natives You know what the streets Have always Always did it bro From day one When I'm in the streets bro I get it every day Every day I get somebody recognize me And it's 20 years later bro I get people recognize me with my mask I swear to God the other day I had my And they say Nigga I know this you can't hide behind that mask I know you guys see what I I tripped out bro I swear to God I swear to God bro It's supposed to happen like that You know what I'm saying it's supposed to happen like that The body of work it permeated The ears of the United States the universe Other countries done heard it When you think of Dallas and you think of hip hop That song is what you gonna think about You know you got DSRs and you got You got like I said the Quinn Blacks You got uh you got Twisted Black You know you got some niggas that That nigga was a fool he had a run That nigga I was at peeping tongues That nigga had on a military outfit I was in there and that nigga was in there And nigga that nigga hey man that nigga They played that nigga son that little shot Nigga over there vibing out to it man It was a movement bro Right before they got it man He invited us out there to forward Straight love bro straight love You know what I'm saying I always was liking that cat though You knew he was good This nigga heard This nigga called He was on the jam with P.M.C Eatin man Standing on his own too Man bro I just wish I may have to write that nigga man I need to get that nigga I heard something like hip hop I don't know if you don't get out of what But I'm for to write that nigga man A lot of prisoners you know what I'm saying Because I've been through a lot so I like to write them niggas man Just to talk to them because I know they got time They had a lot of time to think bro Yeah bro that was crazy It's a lot of them that came out Who else let me think about some more What did you think when Darrow came out With his little run and that little ripple Hey I loved it bro I was waiting to see Where it go I ain't seen him in a while He might He might come back we don't know Darrow man I heard you write About a year and a half two years ago I heard you it was some stuff you were saying That was really nice man And I know that you out there you hear me Yeah I always been good And one of the realest ones that Shattered us out When it was When we felt like It should have been like I did that I gave them straight up respect That's what's up man They ain't know us from like We knew us from how it was Let me Let me get into something else man Because the song I just played I wanted to play that Because we had A situation that happened in Dallas With that Boy Mode 3 The thing that I say When I first heard this song That he remade This song This skills was good You know I heard the other one I didn't like the other ones And he had already did this one first I'm just telling you from my point of view And I was like man okay my brother hit me I'll be like man take him to church And I'm like okay that's alright And he got to say yeah he alright You know and I was really not on him But then It was the same way And then but I flipped back and seen that one I'm telling you and I looked at his skills And I was like this nigga good But I still didn't know All the way grasp him like that I'm telling you now I didn't get all the way until he was gone See till he was gone A lot of niggas didn't get that See that's the young boy That's his top artist all the time But me It was different for me Like I said I felt yellow early on Because I knew it was marketable I always say that The Mode 3 era I think a lot of people didn't really Give him his just to do until he was gone I hate that because They need to be honest and say that Like now you see The embrace of it is like That's how That should have been when he was here When he was here And a lot of people don't get it We so quick to jump up And applaud people when they're gone DMX it been ripping through the internet And a lot of niggas Was really not on DMX like that And then don't get me wrong a lot of It was a time and let me tell you It was a time in the game DMX could have took He could have took it from pot And then this was right after This was after That award show He'd spit that palm on Man listen When that stopped go check that out man Go look it up man He spit on that award show That one time It's gonna run something in you If you A man of spirit or any type of man It's gonna run something through you There's a lot of rumors around that Right now too just The whole situation on the whole What's going on with it guys I hate to see him going through that Shout out to his family man You guys gotta stay strong And you gotta press forward man That a lot of niggas will never Ever ever have to happen In their families man So that's something I just wanted to say on air Man mode 3 Let's get back to mode 3 man You ever meet the dude? First time I met him I was throwing Barbecue's for the hood Every Sunday we throw a barbecue Everybody can come eat free You know what I'm saying And I met him the first time I talked to him I had one live conversation About when he wanted to remiss Crook for life That was before he done it He got to okay He got to green light What did you say?  I was always wanting to do a Crook for life remiss It hadn't done by me because I wanted Kid and Nate to redo them He had to beat originally So if I wanted to do one I wanted him to do it That's why I ended up I had been talking to Kid and Nate So it was kind of Intox I was finna do one Let me hear it He ain't call me back Let me hear it I called it when everybody else called it What did you think about it? I did tell him Let me hear it But you didn't ever give him the exact You wanted to hear it first And he didn't come back But he asked you about it What did you think? That's me real We too real to be fake It was It was his version It was him It was his version of Crook for life Just like he did hold your tongue It was his version of remissing that So when he did hold your tongue What did you think about that one? It was cool I ain't think nothing Super big about it It was cool though I'm just excited that he likes it Somebody remissing that How many times do you remiss the yours? Just two But a lot of people can't say that Did you hear what I just said? I think it's because I heard it Could be, I don't know I just heard some I don't know That's why I asked you what's the name of that song Because he like He'd be a fan of you Him and Luchi is closer You know what I'm saying So that's another You and Luchi were so close Like brothers back in the days And y'all always together Stump down together And I know the people, the fans Would want to know how come you guys Did nothing together Like you guys used to As Luchi As Luchi Okay, because that's the thing One thing we will do I had a guy from GS Boys yesterday He was giving me his spiel on what happened in that group They had a 360 deal and all that So it's a lot of times We go through things With different artists The group thing is hard Shout out to PMC and UGK To bring something together that's just so united That nothing will break that bond And the outcasts Who struggle to try to hold that together When I look at them groups I think about you and Luchi And the way that you guys pretty much Was knitted together And you didn't make necessarily was going to do it that way But the masses The masses is the ones that spoke And so now they like When you say Mr. Pookie Luchi coming right after that You know what I'm saying? And I seen y'all on the picture I got excited with Bebe the other night I was excited bro I posted it Because they were sent to me I was like that's a good one That's a good one bro I posted it and everybody thought We got some coming And I reposted it again Say it's just a picture Man y'all still could do numbers right now If y'all do something together What have you done here What have you done for me lately Hey man You see I hit you, I'm the one over here What have you done for me That was what Janet Jackson said So what the hell have you done for me lately You know what I'm doing Hey man I bet you know what Last I had my deal was Crookology That's like Three maybe four years ago You gonna give us one more before But I was waiting on Looch Bro got out He wanted to do his own So I just let Now I'm just like I so hope y'all can figure it out Why don't y'all just do something And then give him a couple of features He might jump on Bro wanted to do his own thing Now you got me thinking about Outcast When Pimp got out he did that Pimpology Sometimes People want to try to embrace Because they never had an opportunity to do that That's what I think bro You know what I'm saying And Boosie When he came home Think about it now for a minute He kind of isolated himself He loved Webby Now they'll show up sometime And do an anthem together But that's life man That's evolution Think you gonna be stuck with somebody forever It's hard ain't it You know this and this straight He blunt too I love You know when you're stuck with somebody forever You don't go with them That's the only way I can think you're stuck with them You're not going to be stuck together Ooh Ooh They ain't playing no games Now we're united But you want to know a thing though You have to come in a game together Stay together We came in solo If you didn't come in together You're not going to stay together I like this For it to even work like it worked It was all on me Because I didn't know I ain't know him from nowhere And they just brought him in I love music I know what's good If it's good I'm rocking with it Like I said K-Rock and Pong was on the Pong didn't Didn't go to the studio that day Turned around and said he ain't He ain't wanna go That's how he was feeling then Man that's crazy Man K-Rock lay out verses But K-Rock Just faced himself back in the situation And his verse wasn't What it should have been It was a personal Verse It had nothing to do with crook for life Like I had to take it off I got my best friend Months That's the second verse you grew on He already had that verse Crook for life We went I said let's do it Wow That's nice That's very nice It was just me It was organic too It was real You seen the situation Pulling Pong and them together And you got to respect that too And it was needed and hit So that's the part What nigga need to know It hit It ain't like you were doing it And you messed up wrong No it hit Like a nigga was like damn I wasn't on it But that nigga say when he didn't I bet you bro You know what it turns into I'm pretty sure bro like Damn I shoulda got up out of there I'm here with my last time But you don't know You don't know That's the whole point about it But that's the That's the part that didn't drive Shit Am I right?


I think we have to recognize that risks are not isolated from one another. Every risk that draws on our capacity to respond draws down the ability to respond to the next one. So I think what the report is showing is that risks are more interdependent than they have been, but given our weakened financial resilience, they're even more interdependent than before. The one step both business and government leaders can take is to appoint a chief risk officer. In the corporate sector, chief risk officers can have responsibility for looking comprehensively across the set of risks that an enterprise faces. In the government, a country risk officer could be appointed with a similar responsibility to look across all of the extreme events and risks that a country might face and develop a multidisciplinary, multi-department approach to how coordinated response, if you will, to these risks. And in fact, if both sectors go down this path, these chief risk officers and country risk officers could work with one another to help build public-private partnerships for looking at risks that span both the public and private sector. With respect to natural catastrophes, I think governments should recognize that they're underwriting risk much as an insurance company does and should look for mechanisms where they might be able to privatize some of the risk and therefore move it off their books and into the private sector or in other cases to bring the modeling and analytical techniques used by the insurance sector to quantify their risk more fully and perhaps reinsure them out to private markets. So I think it's sort of recognizing that they only have a certain amount of capacity to respond and making sure that the risks that they're underwriting are within that capacity. I think a different angle on this that the public sector could take is to invest in infrastructure that helps to mitigate the risk. And therein it's looking at public-private partnerships which can make this investment and bringing in investors who haven't been traditionally involved in infrastructure but which actually have the long-term funds that infrastructure project needs. So I think looking for ways to engage different parts of the capital market sector into infrastructure together with the government is another way forward here.


Hello, this is Lab 2 of our STM32-C0 MOOC. In this lab, we will look at the timer peripherals of the STM32-C0 and its PWM mode. The objective of this lab is to learn about the more advanced peripherals of the STM32-C0, which is the timer. In this lab, we are going to configure a timer in a PWM mode to bring the LED that we previously controlled with a GPIO. PWM stands for Pulse Width Modulations. PF5, which is connected to the green LED on your nuclear board, has a Timer Channel Atalent Function, which is Timer 1 Channel 1, and will be using it. This is an overview of the Timer Peripheral. It provides timing resources internally and externally. Internally to the STM32 for triggers and time-based purposes. Externally for outputs and inputs on what we refer to as Timer Channels. In this example, we use an external channel output for waveform generations or PWM for pulse width modulation. Let's get started. So we are going back to STM32-CUBID. So if you don't have it open, please open it again. And we're going to create a new project, a file new STM42 project. Then from this view, as before, we're going to type STM32-C031-C6-T6, which is the STM42 that is on your nuclear board, and that you can see here by the way. So we're going to select that. Next, we're going to give a name to the project. So STM42-C0-PWM, pour exemple. And finish. OK. In the STM32-CUBID project, we are going to add the Timer 1 channel 1 to blink the LD4, the green LED that is connected to PA5. So in the Pinouts and Configuration tab, you will expand the Timers category, click on Timer 1, and then select the internal clock for source clock, and set the Timer 1 to PWM generation CH1 for channel 1. In the Pinout and Configuration tab, we're going to expand Timers, select Team 1 for Timer 1. So for the clock source, we'll use internal clock. So we will configure this later on, but we'll use internal clock. Then, so this is channel 1 CH1, we're going to select, so scroll down, the PWM generation CH1. And now, we have one IO that has been configured as Team 1 channel 1. By default, the tool configured Timer 1 channel 1 to PA0. We want to remap it to PA5. To do this, we're going to use a remaping feature of the STM42-CUBID. So you're going to put your mouse over PA0, then on your keyboard, press Control, and at the same time, hold it down with the Control left click on your mouse. This will show the different IOs, and we're going to show you how to do it. We want to remap Timer 1 channel 1, or Team 1 channel 1, to PA5. To do this, we're going to use the remaping feature and this will show the different IOs where we can remap the feature Timer 1 channel 1. So the attend function. So now to remap it, you're going to drag and drop from PA0 to PA5 here. So still, you know why holding Control key and your left click of your mouse. And now you can drag and drop it. So as you can see now, we have a PA5 that is Timer 1 channel 1 attend function. So if you want to see, there you go. For the Timer parameters, so let's say that we want to generate a Timer PWM output signal with a one second period, or one hertz, and a 50% duty cycle. The Timer input clock frequency, or TPCLK, is set to 6 MHz as an example. We will set the pre-scaler for the Timer to 128. The resulting Timer counter clock, or CK underscore CNT, equal TPCLK divided by the pre-scaler. So 6 MHz divided by 128, which gives us 46,875 Hz. To get one hertz, or one second period, the counter period needs to be set to 46,875. The counter period equals the Timer counter clock divided by the period T. So equal 46,875 divided by one. To get 50% duty cycle, the pulse needs to be set to the counter period so 23,447. First, in the clock configuration, we will set TPCLK to 6 MHz. Now, in the Pinout and Configuration tab, we will configure the Timer one. First, go to the parameter settings of Timer one, so Tim one. For the period, we'll configure the one hertz Timer. So first, we'll set the value that is here, the pre-scaler, or PSE. And the PSE value is actually the pre-scaler minus one. So we will set it as 128 minus one, which is 127. Then for the counter period, we'll set it as 46,875 as we calculated before. Now, for the PWM generation channel one, so the channel one PWM, we will set the pulse to 23,437 right here. First, we're going to configure the clock configuration. So to do this, click on clock configuration tab and we want to set TPCLK to 6 MHz. So press 6 and then press Enter. So this will set the clock configuration to have TPCLK, which is the input clock of the Timer Peripheral, Timer one, to 6 MHz. Now go back to the Pinout and Configuration tab. So Timer one. And we are going to the parameter settings, so in the configuration. So you can expand a little bit to see more what is going on. So we are in the parameter setting tab and we are going to input the data to configure our timer. So the pre-scaler, as we said before, is going to be set to 127. Now for the counter period, we're going to set it to 46,875. Center and now scroll down to the PWM generation channel one. So we want to set the pulse to 23,437. Perfect. So we have finished our configuration. Now we can save our project. So this will also generate the code. Press File, yes, save. And yes, we're going to also change the perspective to a C and C++ perspective because we're going to add some code. So press yes. This will open main.C as you can see here in the user code section 2 of our main function, so main.C. We're going to add a function here to launch the timer and the channel one PWM. So this is a function from our HAL library. So this is HAL underscore team underscore PWM underscore start. And then as a parameter, you're going to give the handler of the timer one, which is h team one. And then as a second parameter, team underscore channel underscore one. So this will launch the PWM signal on channel one of timer one. Now save your file. File save or just the icon right there. And now we can build the project. So remember the icon right here, the hammer. So click on it. This will build your project. Okay. Build zero errors, zero warning. This is great. Now you can plug your board. So your nuclear board, if it's not plugged already. So plug it again to your laptop or to your host machine. And now we can enter the debug word. So remember this guy here. So this icon, the bug. So that will permit. So click on it. That will permit to enter the debug session. Going to switch perspective to be debug session. And now you can execute a code. So on resume. And now you can see on your board the green LED that is blinking at one hertz, you know, like period with a 50% duty cycle. That's perfect. We can now stop, you know, the execution of the code clicking here on this termination icon. And you can close this project. Close project.


FNN. The Tiger Financial News Network. Update. Good morning, everyone. Basel Chapman here for this 10 o'clock Tiger Financial News Network market update. What are we looking at? We're looking at the Dowdown 68 at 37,198. Now, this is interesting because the S&P is up, SPX, there you go. The S&P is up, 17, underneath 48,02.40, the most recent high. The QQQ is up, quite sharply, up 4.2 at 411.36, just under the 412.92 all-time high. The estimators are semiconductors made in your all-time high. Now, look at this very quick peak A to peak B to peak C, and today you spiked a leg C at 180.23. This is very much like the Bank of America, where it had a very quick peak A, peak B, peak C leg D, then you got to watch it at that very quick short amplitude move to the fourth highest peak. That's where you can start to see some pullback. Let's go to the IWM, the Russell 2000. Russell 2000 up 30 cents at 189.80, not acting well. Ha! Gold. Gold is up 10 at 2016, getting very close to the 2002 200-period exponential. Moving average, the dollar had a very nice rally, taking a bit of a breather today. It's up 0.09, and 9 ticks at 103.47. It's made a leg C. The 103.78 is the 200-period exponential. Moving average resistance at 103.47, and bonds. Bonds are down again, so yields are going up. Bonds are down 9.30 seconds at 20 and a half. And now you're also looking at crude oil, and crude oil is up 0.46, 72.96. I'll be back for the Tiger Technicians Hour. Check out my opening call, my daily newsletter. And there's a lot to discuss in this coming hour, because I think we're ready. This week is really an important week for time, price, and many of the indices, and with the SMHs spiraling higher, like this SMH. Let me just get that one more time as we go to the break. SMH, I had a round number a couple of days ago, it was way above that. And today, the high is 180.23, all-time high. I'll be back in a few moments. Basel Chapman, Tiger Technicians Hour coming up.