Ladies up you guys, welcome back to another one. If you are new to the channel, I'm Gold Pony. I do new car truck SUV reviews on YouTube. And today we are in the new 2021 Chevy Trailblazer courtesy of Turner Chevrolet in Harrisburg PA. I'm excited for this one brought back from the dead essentially. If you guys remember, Trailblazer did used to be a thing up until 2009. It is now back and a very smart move by Chevy. In my opinion, since SUVs are all the craze right now of course, this one essentially slots in between the tracks and the Chevy Blazer. And it looks a heck of a lot like the Chevy Blazer. There's an old Chevy Trailblazer right in front of me there. That's pretty cool. They're still in the red. What do you know? Having said that, what do you guys say? Let's just go ahead and jump right into it. And as always, let's start with pricing. So as you can imagine, there are several different trim levels for the 2021 Trailblazer. First one being the L starting at $19,995. LS for $22,495. LT for $24,595. There is the active for $26,395. And the RS being the one we have today. Starting at once again, $26,395. So it depended upon the trim level that you go with. There are actually two different engine configurations for the Trailblazer. First one belonging to the L LS front wheel drive and LT front wheel drive. That power plant is going to come from a 1.2 liter turbocharged inline three cylinder putting out 137 horsepower at 5,000 RPM. 162 pound feet of torque available at 2,500 RPM. Power sent to the front wheels to receive ET giving you MPG numbers coming in at approximately 28 in the city, 31 highway taking regular unleaded fuel. What's other than the other engine configuration belonging to all other trim levels essentially including the all wheel drive configurations for those last two trims that just mentioned being the 1.3 liter turbocharged inline three cylinder once again. 155 horsepower 5,600 RPM. 174 pound feet of torque available at 1,600 RPM. Sent to the front wheels or all wheels to receive ET. If you go with the front wheel drive configuration at least if you were to opt for that all wheel drive system that is actually going to give you a nine speed automatic transmission. So that's probably the one I would recommend just for a little more driving emotion I guess you could say but all in all MPG numbers with that one 29 city 33 highway front wheel drive and 26 in the city 30 on the highway for the all wheel drive once again taking regular unleaded fuel. But so before we do any kind of accelerations when it comes to the drive modes on the Chevy Trail Blazer there are going to be a few of them being normal sport and smart adjusting things like the shift points, a throttle response and the steering sensitivity actually. So having said that before we do that acceleration test in the Trail Blazer I did want to press the checkered flag button which is located just in front of the shifter. That is going to be your sport driving mode. It does immediately just downshift for me there holding the RPMs at a much higher level giving you more power on demand. So therefore we are ready to do that acceleration test. Let me go ahead and find it straight away here and let's see how quickly we can get the new 2021 Trail Blazer here up to speed. All right, I found our straight away in three, two, one, there it is. No spinning, that'll do the trick. Not the quickest thing in the world but there was no spinning because of the all wheel drive system that we had on the RS turn level here today. So definitely more than enough of acceleration for merging onto the highway things like that not the quickest thing in the world but get of that if you want something quicker but certainly no issues emerging onto the highway that'll do. But so then when it comes to the braking setup for the 2021 Trail Blazer actually not a whole lot of information out there right now this vehicle is still very new at the time in me filming this video but I can tell you just off the bat braking feel is wonderful it immediately brings this one to a stop there is no brake pedal delay or anything like that. If I were to venture to guess the 60 to 0 stopping distance I would guess it comes in at around 120 feet we'll see how close I am to that when some numbers actually come out but braking feel definitely feels very nice it immediately brings you to a stop in the Trail Blazer so I do like that. Touching on suspension and handling a little bit ride quality has been perfectly fine for me so far today steering feel is definitely on the way to your side especially in that sport driving mode that I have left it in for essentially this whole test drive here so far so I do like that but let me see if I take it out of that sport driving mode oh my goodness that is a night and day difference good grief it is the loosest steering feel in the world now so I don't like that so I'm just gonna go ahead and leave it in sport but dang you usually don't notice that much of a difference but my goodness that is a big old difference in steering feel at least between the sport and normal driving mode so do want to mention that as far as cabin noise goes perhaps the first thing I noticed is when I really cranked the air on when I first started this one up it is a very quiet air conditioner just as efficient as any other air conditioning system but very quiet though almost luxury like so I definitely appreciate that because you don't want the extra wind noise when you're trying to film car reviews if you know what I'm saying but anyways touching on visibility I really like visibility in the Trail Blazer one of the reasons I really like it sometimes with second row headrest they sometimes protrude up quite a bit blocking your rear visibility so with these you don't even have to push them down or anything because they're still relatively out of the way so I absolutely love that I can see perfectly fine out the back so certainly no issues for me there but that about rounds out the performance segment of this review you guys let's now go ahead and take a look at the exterior of this beautiful 2021 Chevy Trail Blazer All right so here she is you guys the all new 2021 Chevy Trail Blazer looks a lot like a mini Blazer in my opinion which is a good thing absolutely amazing aggressive looks and so let's go ahead and start up front on the Trail Blazer though unique front end is going to be had with the active and RS trim levels the other trim levels are gonna look essentially the same up front black bow tie emblem you can find with the RS that we have today otherwise you're gonna get that gold color emblem up front halogen headlights are gonna come standard for all trim levels however having said that there is a technology package that goes for $1,720 for the active trim and RS and with that you can actually get LED headlights if you wanted to go that route but RS badging is going to be had of course with the RS trim level up front there LED daytime running lights also coming standard and you will get LED fog lights if you were to go with the LT trim level and up but then to make our way to the side of this one roof rails coming with the LT trim level and up two tone roof like we have here today coming with the active and RS trim levels you will find rear privacy glass not for all trim levels but actually for the LT trim level and up I know that's super important for some people but you can always of course tint that rear glass if you were to go with one of the lower trim levels but LT trim level and up though is going to give it to you standard though but floating roof line you can find that towards the back of the trailblazer there when it comes to the side mirrors they are body colored power adjustable side mirrors they definitely look good there taking a look down at the wheel setup 16 inch steel wheels with covers are gonna come with the L 17 inch silver painted aluminum wheels coming with the LS 17 inch gloss black aluminum wheels with the LT and active trim levels and the RS that we have today is going to bump that up once again to 18 inch gloss black aluminum alloy wheels so definitely a good variation when it comes to the wheel configurations depending upon the trim level that you go with but making our way now to the back there is a rear spoiler with an integrated brake light that does indeed come standard just below that rear window wiper LED tail lights coming with the active and RS trim levels of course just below that you're gonna find trim level badging across the board I just below it all a single exhaust outlet if you go with the L LS or LT trim levels however, if you were to go with the active or RS trim level you will get a dual exhaust outlet with chrome tips so having said that I do believe you guys know what we have to do next as always here is that exhaust clip and so but now since we are around back of the trailblazer when it comes to opening that rear liftgate it is actually a manual liftgate for all trim levels that is the standard set up at least however, there is an optional power liftgate which we do of course have here today hands free power liftgate might I add that comes with the sun and liftgate package it goes for $1,770 that of course also adds a panoramic sunroof hence the first part of that name as well so we do have that package today here so I can press the button on the key fob that is gonna open it up there's also a button on the liftgate itself to close it and again it's a hands free liftgate so you got that option there as well but nonetheless once opened up cargo capacity comes in at 25.3 cubic feet if that was not enough space there is a 60-40 split meaning the rear seats do fold down bumping that up to 54.4 cubic feet it's a good bit of space back there rear cargo lighting of course comes standard across the board there are some tie down hooks that found back there as well actually little bit of storage area to the right in the back too that's kind of indented a little bit back there and also underneath the cargo floor back there you can find a spare tire but also around that spare tire is actually a good bit of in-floor storage too so I did want to mention that so that's gonna be there for you once again as well making our way now to the rear leg room though that comes in at 39.4 inches for reference I mean even six feet tall this is how much space I had back there as far as the rear ventilation goes that comes for all trim levels it's actually located under the front seats as opposed to the backside of the center armrest here in the front so I did want to mention that as well rear center armrest with cup holders is going to come on the active trim and RS trims is gonna be optional on the LT so that is how you're gonna be able to go ahead and get that and you actually have a decent amount of hookups back there for those rear passengers as well including a phone charging port, USB charging port and a 115 volt power outlet surprisingly so you can actually charge up drills or maybe a hair straightener if you're a girl back there that is pretty cool I was actually very surprised to see that especially at this price point in the trailblazer so well done Chevy for that let's go ahead and make our way now to the front seats manually adjustable cloth seating coming with the L and LS LT trim level and up is gonna give you a 10 way powered driver seat RS is going to give you cloth leatherette combination that is of course what we have today again active trim level is going to give you a full leatherette seating and then there is a premium seating package I wanted to mention that is available for $845 for the LT trim level that adds leatherette surfaces like the active trim also actually gives you a leather wrap steering wheel for the LT and a rear center armrest as well and if you were looking for heated front seats in the trailblazer go with the LT trim level and up that is gonna be how you're gonna go ahead and get them but having said that when it comes down to comfiness perfectly fine for me definitely first thing I noticed is the lumbar adjustment on the driver side seat here so that was absolutely wonderful and again that 10 way power driver seat comes with the LT trim level and up but certainly very comfortable seats here in the trailblazer to take a look at the steering wheel it is tilt and telescoping it is leather wrapped for the active and RS trim levels and again optional on the LT so that's gonna be there for you too and actually I do like with the RS trim level at least that it is a flat bottom with kind of this gloss black finish at the bottom too actually kind of really like that in my short test drive today and the red contrast stitching is nice perforated leather on the left and right hand side so I absolutely love it but let's go ahead and make our way now to the startup you got your Chevy bow tie logo on the one side of the key flip it over lock unlock button to pop the rear hatch and again that circular button in the middle in case you were curious that's actually a remote start that's gonna come with the LT trim level and up and again with the push button start that's gonna come with the LT trim level and up so let's go ahead and start this one all I'm going to do is simply put my phone on the brake and press that engine start button which is located just by the driver's right knee there and so with that once started up you will get an RS specific gauge cluster with the RS trim level that we have today so I did want to start by mentioning that but nonetheless tachometer on your left speedometer on your right again you have the RS lettering within the tachometer kind of a carbon fiber ish look for the middle portions of those gauges that's pretty cool also there is a decent sized digital display front and center to control what is on that digital display there's actually steering wheel mounted controls on the right side actually gives you a good bit of information up there like how many miles you have left until you hit empty you can choose to display a digital speedometer up there as well one of my favorite things is instant miles per gallon I was watching that a little bit it gives you your miles per gallon basically every second at any given time so it kind of incentivizes you to drive more eco-friendly I guess you could say so that's pretty cool but all in all a ton of different information you could check out up there it's all controlled through the steering wheel mounted controls so but now let's go ahead and make our way to overall interior quality panoramic sunroof again it is part of that optional package that optional package again is available for the LT trim level enough and we do have it today so letting in so much more light for this video so much appreciate that wireless phone charger is going to be optional for the RS and the active yet another option we have here today and that wireless phone charger is located just in front of the shifter there so and it's actually a decent size too for larger phones so I did want to mention that that's pretty cool automatic climate control just above that meaning you can set your own temperature and it's going to automatically bring you to that temperature just above the passenger side glove box you have a little bit of storage there with a rubberized bottom so things are less inclined to slide around there I do like the red accents throughout like just around the climate control vents above the passenger side glove box there's some red stitching to tie in with the red stitching on the actual steering wheel and the seats for that matter you do have a ton of hookups just in front of the shifter including auxiliary port, USB charging port phone charging port 12 volt power outlet so got a lot going on there as well and there's actually a button to lock the trailblazer in all wheel drive it's located just in front of the cup holders there so you got that too if it starts snowing perhaps in Pennsylvania like it sometimes does just to the right of the shifter you have your two cup holders and actually a little slot to place your phone there I guess if you wanted to just behind the cup holders a little bit more storage and of course within a center arm rest a decent amount of storage there so a lot deeper than I thought it would be so definitely surprised there and you have a little tray you can pull out if you wanted to of course so did want to show you guys that too but all in all interior quality is pretty much as expected it to be at this price point for the trailblazer was kind of surprised to see the panoramic sunroof though as well as a wireless phone charger so that was pretty much the highlights when it comes to interior quality let's now though go ahead and take a look at the tech display seven inch color touchscreen display for all trim levels across the board however there is an eight inch color touchscreen display that is optional but I will say either way you still get Android Auto and Apple CarPlay meaning if you have a smartphone simply hook it up to the trailblazer and you can display free navigation therefore up on that tech display did want to also mention a super awesome feature for the 2021 trailblazer wireless Android Auto Apple CarPlay is optional for the active trim level and the RS so that's something new that's just starting to roll out now with 2021 models basically as the wireless Android Auto Apple CarPlay so you're going to be seeing a lot more of that in the future but the trailblazer does have it as an option that is pretty cool but Bluetooth audio streaming also standard of course you can check out your radio settings up there when it comes to the sound systems on the trailblazer L trim is going to give you four speakers all other trim levels are going to give you six speakers and so yet once again although the six speaker sound system is the standard configuration we do have an optional Bose sound system here with us today so what do you say as always you guys let's go ahead and turn on the radio see what we got playing this morning and let's test out the clarity of this one although there's no specs on that sound system definitely feels like there's a subwoofer with that Bose sound system at least that was plenty of clarity the bass is really what impressed me quite honestly so that is more than enough of a sound system for the trailblazer in the end but last thing I wanted to mention on that text display to you guys is when you do put the trailblazer in reverse you will find a rear view camera across the board coming standard letting you know who or what is behind you which is always is going to lead us into safety and so to start front side side curtain airbags do come standard also driver and passenger knee airbags up front as well in the back you're going to have latch aka lower anchors and tethers for children for the rear car seats also rear child door locks in the back tire pressure monitoring system but also standard across the board standard advanced safety is actually pretty good on the trailblazer lane keep assist, lane departure warning forward collision alert front pedestrian braking and automatic emergency braking as well didn't want to mention there's a driver confidence package that is available for the LS trim level and up that goes for $345 so not a bad deal for this one so that adds side blind zone alert rear cross traffic alert and rear park assist as well so overall when it comes to my final thoughts tech is pretty good for the price point on the trailblazer we'll say that not the best fuel economy compared to the competition but it's not too far off quite honestly and the looks kind of make up for it in my opinion this is a very good looking SUV by Chevy and again the blazer was just as good looking it still is so for its size it's a very good looking SUV essentially would have liked to have seen LED tail light standard on all trim levels but I guess you gotta give and take in some areas but all in all this looks a lot kind of like the Volvo XC40 to me let me know if you guys agree in the comments but this looks a lot like the XC40 I just reviewed that one earlier this year so it's kind of fresh in my mind maybe but it's a good thing because that's a good looking SUV too but this of course is half the price but nonetheless that is spelled it for this one you guys thank you so much for watching feel free to follow me on social media at the bottom of the screen there if you like be sure to hit the subscribe and the bell notification button if you're in the new car reviews that is what we do here on this channel after all do appreciate you guys watching more than you know and I will see you guys all in the next video there you go


What's good Joshua Ross back again with another video. So I wanted to have a discussion with y'all and kind of see What y'all think should happen when it comes to Damian priests and his cash in now We did see Damian priests and some of the members of Judgment Day Kind of getting to it with Gunther and it seems as if they were somewhat teasing maybe Damian priests Going after Gunther's Intercontinental Championship potentially I'm not sure that's kind of what they seem to have been teasing on a Monday Night Raw this past Monday Night Raw But once again that doesn't make a lick of sense because we would literally be back in the situation Where we were with Austin Theory and him cashing in on a mid-card championship granted Gunther's Intercontinental Championship run has been Fantastic, and he has made that belt seem very important To be honest with you if he's given that type of order to the Intercontinental Championship as if it's a a world championship as if it's the top championship on Well, it just in WWE not even on Raw or SmackDown just in WWE in general with the matches He's been having in the streak that he has right now. You would think the Intercontinental Championship Would be the top championship granted. We know it's not so it seems like if they were potentially teasing something with that but granted I Still think that doesn't make a lick of sense because once again the money in the bank has been always built upon creating a new star to potentially be the new top guy of The respective brand depending on who they decide to cash in on right it's always been the idea of it and recently with Austin Theory and how they Mess that up and him cashing in for the United States Championship. I would hate to see the same thing happen to Damien Priest Honestly, I Don't know what you do with him. I know people have come up with the Speculation that maybe drew does win the World Heavyweight Championship from Seth He finally Accomplishes what he's been trying to accomplish in his career getting that very big win in front of a live audience not in front of a Empty crowd but a live audience and getting that that moment for himself but You can have maybe a situation where? Judgment day music hit or whatever and then he ends up cashing in on a an exhausted Drew McIntyre and then Damien Priest ends up winning the Money in the bank briefcase. I'm not winning the money and bring a briefcase But cashing in and winning the World Heavyweight Championship. I've seen people talk about that that could possibly happen I mean, it's a weird situation because You would have him cashing on another heel So I don't know about that or maybe you have somehow Seth wins and then Damien Priest Cashes in maybe Drew goes insane I don't know a tax set after the match and then Damien Priest cash cash is in then it becomes Champion you could have that option as well but the problem with that and I think the bigger problem overall with Damien Priest right now is He doesn't have that Momentum that he had I want to say after the whole bad bunny Match he had last year at backlash He doesn't like you could tell the company was really high on Damien Priest and it seemed like he had this momentum Going and then obviously him winning money in the bank. You're like, okay, they're really starting to push this guy but it seems as if they kind of Not stop pushing him, but he's not the most important thing Especially in Judgment Day the most important thing the most important person is obviously obviously real Rhea's the most important person person in Judgment Day It's not even close. She's damn near the most popular person in WWE right now. So you can tell they kind of switched gears and really started pushing her even more But with Damien it seems like he's kind of just on the back burner. So you don't really get that sense of World champion from him if that makes any sense not to say that he can't be one and not to say that he doesn't deserve to be one But I'm saying Even though he's money in the bank briefcase holder. You never really get that that feel like I can see him as world champion They were doing something with him for a time when they were pushing him To to kind of fit that mold if that makes any sense because when I think of world champion Oh, why not? I think especially if you're in a group you're in a heel group and you have the briefcase But I think a world champion. I think of someone That is going to Delegate and run things and he's gonna get shit done whether it's you know within the rules or whether it's Outside of the rules, you know and in this situation He's in the heel faction and at one point it seemed like Damien Priest was getting that I guess you could say that that rub or the the perceived notion of him being The leader the guy he has to briefcase people follow his orders in a sense But more or less it became more about Rhea and the whole mommy gimmick than anything else And at one point it seems like they were challenging that with Rhea and Damien Priest kind of getting into it So I'm like maybe it's a power struggle and you can kind of buy into that because when I think of him potentially cashing in It makes sense if he's kind of like that leader role or he has that leader type position For him to have his lackeys or everyone around him to try to Make sure that he does win and is it has a successful cashing, but you don't really get that You know, they've even tried to make it seem like there's no leaders in judgment day But that's obviously we know it's still damn near Rhea at this point and right now They have a more focused on the tag team titles less than He should be whatever he's more focused on the tag team titles But at the same time you would think he would be more focused on trying to win a world championship I mean at one point that's what he was talking about a lot, but they put they focus more on the tag team aspect rather than the briefcase aspect him wanting to be at the top of the car him wanting to be at the top of the company and That could have been something I don't know if they're gonna plan on doing that But that could be a storyline beat where he's more focused on that Than the tag titles and that could create that dissension now. You would think they would be building up to that and maybe they are And maybe that happens at this year's WrestleMania. Maybe You know, I do think Ben and Damian are gonna lose to our truth and whoever he tags with most likely the Miz for the titles Maybe that can be something that they expound upon but once again They hadn't even really talked about he's just carrying the briefcase, but he doesn't really Give he doesn't I haven't heard him say in a while outside of Monday night Talking about an intercontinental championship and him having a briefcase and goon. There's like you gonna cash in on me You know I'm saying outside of that mention. He doesn't really talk about it too much They've been kind of doing the judgment day our truth funny stuff. They've been doing that lately So they kind of strayed away from that and I think it may be hurting Damian priests in the long run cuz once again, I know he has the briefcase But he hasn't felt like a potential world champion because they haven't really been booking him to feel that way Outside of the tag team titles. That's it seems like that's the only thing he really cares about and being dominant But not actually trying to cash in and win a world championship someone made a very great point Seth is out there He's you know injured or you know Sam not medically cleared So does that mean he can't get cashed in on? Because he's not medically clear does it is there's some type of caveat where it's like well You can cash in on anyone at any time, but they got to be medically cleared. How does that make sense? Don't point it that out. There's been a few times a few instances Where that was the case where he had the perfect opportunity to cash in and he didn't and in the times he did You know Drew was involved and I think that could be an interesting story I thought they were gonna really play up and maybe they should Maybe he is the reason why Drew doesn't you know Win the match play that up to I don't know I don't know. It's just like they kind of have Damian priests and limbo with the briefcase and they need to make a decision soon I Honestly feel like and it may you know it may suck for Damian priests fans. I do feel like his cash It's gonna be a failed one. I do I think Finn Balor may be the reason why whenever he does cash in they won't be They won't I don't think they'll be tag champs and I think Finn Balor will be the reason he's not Successfully able to cash in a briefcase like he'll cash it in but Finn Balor may cost them Now we've seen teases of that him trying to and that almost happened So I wish they would get back to that I know they've been doing a comedy gimmick with our truth or whatever But because of that it doesn't he doesn't give off the vibes of oh Yeah, when he's gonna cash in he's gonna be you know, it makes sense for him to be a world champion I can buy into him being world champion at one point. He had it seemed like that's the route They were going with but it doesn't seem like that as of late. So y'all let me know down below How do y'all feel about? Damian priests potentially cashing in this. Do you think he's gonna cash in successfully? Do you think he's gonna be unsuccessful? Do you buy him as a potential world champion? Or do you feel like they WWE's kind of dropped the ball with him and you still don't see it yet? Y'all let me know down below, but I appreciate all of sport guys shown on channel roto 150k And I'm still young speedy you to wrestling champ of the world. Appreciate y'all kicking in with me. See y'all next one. Peace


That's mean we got to keep working keep working hard keep doing what we've been doing and trying to get that every Weekend and DJ left this game tonight. You lost John Karlo. You lost Aaron and I lost DJ We don't know if it's a IEL stand, but what does that mean for this team? We got to keep moving forward. I know It's been Long year. I know we haven't played many games, but it's been a long year But we we're trying to keep forward and I hope that you get healthy


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Unizor Education. Today we will talk about fields, primarily electromagnetic fields. Now, this lecture is part of the course called Physics 14 presented on Unizor.com. And that's where I suggest you to watch this lecture from, because this lecture is part of the course. The Unizor.com website contains a menu which can lead you in logical sequence to all the lectures which are participating in this course. Plus, every lecture has detailed notes on the website which basically can serve as a textbook. There are exams, problem solving, etc. And it's totally free as no strings attached. So, the field waves, that's the theme of this particular lecture. Well, let's talk about fields first. Well, we used to have to deal with material objects. Something which we can just see and touch and basically feel what these objects are using our senses. Well, fields are different. In some cases you can feel the, let's say, electric field.  But that's rarely. Right now the electromagnetic waves are all around us. But we don't feel them, we don't see them. So what exactly they are? And how can we study something like this? Well, let me go back to mathematics. Maths for teens, by the way, is a prerequisite course for this physics for teens. And it's presented on the same website. So let's go back to mathematics. In mathematics we are studying certain objects like number or n-dimensional vector space. Well, these are abstract objects, they do not exist. There is no number. There are five sheep, but there is no number as a concept. It's something which we have come up with to study certain groups of objects. And then we came up with irrational numbers, for instance. And we are considering them as numbers and we study them, but what are they? In decimal representation they have an infinite number of digits. So it's kind of difficult to deal with in material sense. Still we are dealing with these abstract objects. Now, how? Well, based on properties. So we basically are abstract ourselves from material representation of some kind of entity or abstraction, which we are talking about, and we concentrate on the properties of this object. We don't really care what n-dimensional vector space is, but we do care about properties of this particular object which we have created in our minds. And if two different things have the same properties, and we have a theory which kind of predicts new properties, both will have them. So our abstract thinking helps us to understand the properties of all objects which correspond to our abstract model. But the same thing with fields basically. We don't know much about what is a material kind of background, what is the base, material base of fields. Well, it's part of a space where certain properties can be demonstrated. For instance, if you will place an electron in magnetic field, it will probably turn from its trajectory, depending on where exactly the magnetic field is directed. So basically we are talking about properties of these fields, not about their material substance. And that's very important. We don't really, well, not that we don't care, but we don't really want to talk about what stands behind some kind of an object, which is a subject of our theory. But we do care about the properties of these objects, and that's how our theory can develop. Now, in physics we have experiments, and if our model which we have developed based on certain old experiments doesn't correspond to a new experiment, well, we change the model, we update it, we modify it, we do something with this model, or completely abandon it and come up with a new model. And based on that model, we learn what exactly the properties are, what new properties might actually be, and then the new experiments come to either confirm or reject our conclusions. So that's what I would like you actually to think about fields in this particular direction. So forget about what exactly field is in the material sense. Think about the properties of the field. Again, the properties are something which we can learn, which we can build some formulas about. You remember the Coulons, for instance, formula about two charged particles, or two charged object or point object, whatever, and they have certain either attraction or repulsion based on their charges and their distances. Well, that's a theory. We can start explaining it well. There are electrons and there are excess of electrons, deficiency of electrons, positive, negative, etc. That's our theory. When we developed that thing, we didn't really know much about what are the electrons. Alright, so that's kind of an introduction into concept of a field. So you don't really feel lost when somebody is asking you what exactly field is. Well, it's just part of space where certain properties can be demonstrated. But based on these properties, we built a model. And the model actually allows us to put some formulas around, some predictions, maybe, for new properties, and they might or might not be wrong or right or whatever. Okay. Now, we will talk about, this lecture is only about electromagnetic fields. Yes, there are other fields like gravitational field right now. And they might or might not have certain waves. Well, I know there are certain experiments which kind of indicated that maybe gravitational field also has certain waves and that's how it propagates. Whether it's right or wrong, I don't know. But for electromagnetic fields, we do know that there are waves and we really have a very well-developed theory about these waves. And in particular, it explains why, for instance, we see the stars, light, even if there is no carrier between us and the stars. The light from the stars somehow comes to us and we see it. And so that's kind of a propagation without the real material in the usual sense of this word, carrier. If you have a rope and you are moving up and down one end, then you see how the waves are propagated and the rope is exactly the carrier of these waves. In case of electromagnetic field, since there is no medium, there is no carrier of these waves, there is a vacuum in space, right? So how come they actually reach us? Well, the theory explains it and I'll just try to explain it in my own words. Again, not perfect explanation but still reasonable. Okay, so talk about electromagnetic field and let me start from something which we have experimentally observed, but not personally, but I mean people experimentally observed and we have learned in the chapter which is called electromagnetism of this particular course. Now obviously I will relate to electromagnetism chapter very heavily when talking about the field so I suggest you if you didn't really study that particular part, please do it. It's a previous to this one. The waves is secondary and electromagnetism was before that. Okay, so the experiment which is kind of one of the first experiments was as follows. If you have a straight line, wire and there is certain electric current in it, well, if you put some kind of a table here and put some small metal parts and you will do some kind of a vibration a little bit, just knock a little bit so they will form circles. Now what does it signify? Well, our theory says that this is the flow of electrons and as electrons are moving around them exists a magnetic field and magnetic field acting on these metal particles on this table makes them magnetic. So they are kind of sticking to each other and magnetic field has certain direction so at any point there is a force which actually acts and the force are concentric circles. Well, the experiment shows this so our theory follows the experiment and our theory is that around moving electrons you have the perpendicular to it magnetic field. Well, why electrons are moving? Well, we can say that maybe there is a plus and minus in both sides, charges so electrons are moving from negative to positive. Well, the current by definition moves from positive to negative but that's historical kind of a deviation but in any case moving electrons. So moving electrons are causing the magnetic field and electrons are moving because there is a difference in potential, electro potential plus and minus. Well, what does it mean that there is a difference in potential? Well, there is an electric field actually. There is something which forces the electrons to move. Why do they move? Because there is an electric field. So electric field causing electrons to move and moving electrons are causing the magnetic field around it. Well, but let me just drop the electrons from this picture because what happens is that its electric field produces the magnetic field so to speak. Yes, through the electrons in this particular case. But now, next logical step is the following. What if magnetic, what if electric field is not constant? So it's not a direct current here for instance but alternate current. So the electrons are moving back and forth. Well, then magnetic field also will be changing directions. It will be either this direction or that direction, the forces. Forces here. Okay, so the variable electric field produces, is causing the existence of variable magnetic field. Okay, fine. Now, let's go to another experiment, the electromagnetic induction. So if you remember, if you have some kind of a wire in the loop and you have a magnet which you move in and out of this loop, you can observe the electric current. And why electric current? Well, because obviously it must be electric field. Only because of electric field exists with different potentials and two sides, that's what makes electrons moving. So in this particular case, variable magnetic field and it's variable because we are moving it up and down. So the variable magnetic field is creating electric field inside this loop and that's why electrons are moving. So we have two different things actually which are, well, reversing each other. We have a variable electric field is producing variable magnetic field around it and variable magnetic field is producing variable electric field around it. Do we need conductor here and here, these loops where electrons are actually moving? Well, apparently not. I mean, if you will have it, electrons will move. But if you don't have it, electric field or magnetic field will exist by themselves. So this is the property of the concept of this thing which we call a field. The field is just piece of space, part of the space where certain forces exist but they exist independently of whether we put some kind of into this field or not. Field exists by itself. So here it's not really necessary. As long as we have some kind of a variable electric field, it will produce the variable magnetic field and variable magnetic field will produce variable electric field. So what happens is the following. Let's say initially you have a real electrons which are actually moving, let's say in a circle, it doesn't really matter. Now these electrons will produce magnetic field which is inside it. Remember that's how electromagnet actually is done, right? You have some kind of a core and then you have wire around it. You put electric current into the wire and the score will be magnetized, right? So there is a magnetic field inside this. Now how this field is arranged? Well, it's arranged actually in loops as well. These are magnetic lines, right? Now these are loops of magnetic lines and again if this is variable, this will be variable. Now if this is variable, this is magnetic, now if this is variable then it will produce perpendicularly to this electric field also variable. Now we don't have even the wire loop. The field will exist by itself. And then since this is also a variable, I think it will produce another E, another electric field. So this is E electric field. So as you see, once created the variable let's say in this case electric field, variability is very important. Now the constant electric field is producing constant magnetic but constant magnetic doesn't really produce any electric. So we need the variability. So as long as we have initial variable electric field, it will produce the variable magnetic, which in turn will produce variable electric, which in turn will produce variable magnetic and it will propagate into all directions basically. And that's how the light from the stars come to us because what happens in the star or in our sun is just huge kind of flows of elementary particles. Electrons, protons, whatever, it's a big mess. And obviously there is a huge amount of electricity and magnetism which are in this mess and it propagates because every little piece of variable, every little part of the space where variable electric field exists will produce the magnetic field and it will produce variable electric field and variable magnetic, etc. and it goes in all directions. And it's so strong because the stars are so bright and there is so much going on over there that the power of this radiation, let's use the word radiation, that's basically a propagation of electromagnetic waves. So it reaches us regardless of how far they are. Now obviously it's getting weaker and weaker with the distance and it's inversely proportional to square distance obviously as everything else we know in this three-dimensional space because it goes through this spherical kind of surface and on each real piece of the surface it goes proportionally to, inversely proportionally to square of distance. Okay, so that's how the light propagates, that's how radiation propagates, electromagnetic waves are propagating. Now we probably can reasonably safely consider that the variability is kind of sinusoidal. It's kind of sinusoidal because obviously these up and downs they do not represent a clearly defined sinusoid curve with their ups and downs. However, to a very certain degree we can actually consider this to be based on sinusoid or a combination of different sinusoids. Now in mass you can learn that basically with combination of different sinusoids we can approximate any function. So it's indeed the fact that any kind of complex radiation is actually a combination of more elementary radiation of different sinusoids with different amplitudes and different periods. Okay, now what else? What else is important is, as you see, whenever it goes, directions go this way, the loops of magnetic field and loops of electric field are perpendicular to each other. And also all of them are perpendicular to the direction of propagation. Let's go back to the initial thing. Now the initial with a direct current, there's no propagation so to speak, but you can see that this is a direction of the electric current. This and this is tangential to a loop. It will be perpendicular. So now if you have a variable thing here, like here for instance, the propagation is this way, but our magnetic field will be in this particular plane and it will be perpendicular to the propagation and this will be in the horizontal plane and it will also be perpendicular to propagation. So what I would like to say is that vector E is always perpendicular. This is intensity of the electric field, this is intensity of the magnetic field and they're both perpendicular to the vector of speed of propagation of this particular radiation. And it goes to this direction, to all directions and in all directions we have different directions of intensity of the electric field, the magnetic field and the vector of propagation, vector of speed. So in the notes for this lecture I have kind of nice picture of how the waves are going. I do suggest you to go to the website to this particular lecture and notes contain this picture where in one color I represent the waves of propagation of electric field and I think blue one are magnetic field or vice versa and they all go to a three dimensional like x, y and z axis. One axis goes to propagation, another axis are the amplitude of the electric field and the third axis is amplitude of magnetic field. So it's a nice picture which kind of explains how the whole thing is going. And the last thing which I would like to touch is the speed of propagation. Now, when we were talking about electricity and magnetism in the electromagnetism chapter of this course, we were talking about characteristics of space or some kind of conductor or whatever it is called electric permittivity. And we were talking about magnetic field, we were talking about permeability. Now, both of these concepts are basically playing the same role as resistance for electric current. Well, you know, the greater the resistance, the more difficult it is for the electric current to go through. Okay, this is the same thing, but for the space. Now, the electric or magnetic field, there are fields, right, so they are kind of part of space. Now, what's inside that space? Well, it can be vacuum, it can be air, it can be glass, it can be water. Because the electromagnetic field actually is going into all different kind of, through all different kind of substances, but differently. And these two characteristics, they're called epsilon and mu, are characterizing the environment where electromagnetic field is actually acting. Now, with an index zero, it indicates the properties of the vacuum. So everything is related to a vacuum, and then if you would like to have this same characteristic, let's say, for water, well, usually it's characterized by relative permittivity or permeability relative to vacuum. So, if you would like to say it's relative, it's equal to epsilon times mu relative is equal to real mu. So these are real permeability of the environment, and they are usually measured in vacuum times certain coefficient. Now, what's interesting is that the speed of propagation of, let's say, light or any other electromagnetic wave related to the environment where they are actually propagating. And there is a very nice formula. And the formula is... Now, I'm not deriving this formula in this lecture, and I might actually put it as notes, I'm not sure, but it's an interesting nice looking formula which gives you basically the speed of propagation based on properties of the environment. Now, if you would like to have the speed of light in the vacuum, you obviously have to put epsilon zero and mu zero here. So these are vacuum, these are relative, these are actual for any kind of environment, and this is how the speed of light actually is related to permeability and permeability of the space. By the way, these are kind of the same thing, but the meaning of these words is the same. I don't know why they have decided to call it differently. I think nowadays they're just changing it to electric constant and magnetic constant for vacuum or for any other environment. So with this nice formula, I would like to finish this particular lecture. It's supposed to give you some kind of a taste of what exactly the field's electromagnetic field primarily is and how it propagates. Well, that's it. I would suggest you to read the notes for this lecture. So you go to Unison.com, Physics for Chains is your course, and there is a chapter called Waves, and this is the topic which is called Field Waves, which contains, probably will contain more than one lecture, but right now there is one lecture which is this one, ready. Alright, thank you very much and good luck.