Hello and welcome everyone to the Acton Flab to our quarterly roundtable number four. That was our first ever playing of a musical intro by D. Shvakov. So thank you for that and happy birthday to Yvonne. So welcome to this fourth lab meeting to our end of 2021 discussion, not quite, but almost. Welcome to Acton Flab, everyone. We are a participatory online lab that is communicating, learning and practicing applied active inference. You can find us at the links here on this slide. This is a recorded and an archived live stream. So please provide us with feedback so that we can improve our work. All backgrounds and perspectives are welcome here and will be following good video etiquette for live streams. So just make sure to raise your hand in Jitsi because no one will be called on. But if you want to add anything, please feel free, just raise your hand in Jitsi and we will get to it. Today, the way that it's going to work, we're going to address the lab scale. We'll have introductions then we'll talk about some updates at the lab scale. And then we'll go into spending most of the meeting discussing the updates at the organizational unit scale and then talk about the future. But first, we can say hello and just introduce ourselves. I'm Daniel. I'm a researcher in California and I'll pass it first to Dean. Hi, my name is Dean. I'm in Calgary, Canada and I'll pass it to David. Yep. I'm in the mountains of the Philippines and pumped up that I can stop writing code in a new language and write code in another new language for a while, preferably sumo. Yvonne? Hello, my name is Yvonne. I'm in Moscow. I'm a researcher in system management school and at the conference lab. Alex or Stephen? Hello, I'm Stephen. I'm here in Toronto, just north of Toronto at the moment. And I work a lot with embodied sense-making and spatial approaches and community development and I'll pass it over to Alex. Thanks. Yes, I'm Alex. I'm in Moscow, Russia and a researcher in active inference and system thinking indulges. So, thanks. Thank you. And Arjay, if you would like to say hi. I'm sure. I'm Arjay. I'm in New York in the U.S. I'm a non-resident fellow at the Atlantic Council and I do research on sense-making and knowledge management. Well, thanks everyone for joining. This will be a fun discussion. Maybe some more will join in and anybody who's watching live can just ask a question in the live chat. We're going to start with the updates at the lab scale. So, act-in-flab updates. We started this year with a interactive and participatory mission-slash-vision-slash-project which was to ask whether active inference could develop into a community and a field and all that comes along with that while also drawing on the best practices that we saw elsewhere, especially in systems engineering and community of practice that Yvonne and Alex had a lot of familiarity with and other experiences that we and every participant brings to the table. Having a community for active inference that was participatory and accessible for those with many different backgrounds and trainings, having a body of knowledge that includes courses and competencies, things we'll talk about soon, and also reflected the nature of modern work and professionalism and collaboration. So, these are just a few of the things that we wrote down long, long ago and it's still a living document so please come get involved. All actions are participatory. Stephen? I was thinking we could also say a community of communities, a nested set of communities inside a community that overlap in the kind of Markovian sense. Yes. Let's graphically look at that. So, this is a little updated graphic and I hope it looks good for everyone. So on the right side in the gray background we have the structure of the ACTIMF lab itself. So this is the lab scale that we're addressing in this section. We have three primary organizational units which are comms, communications, edu, education and tools. We also have .admin but they won't be presenting on projects today. Also in the ACTIMF lab we have some of the pieces of the puzzle that we have gleaned from systems engineering, community and other areas and we're going to be talking more about the advisory board soon and about other initiatives that we're undertaking. So that's sort of inside the lab. This is the lab scale, under the lab blanket we have our organizational units. .coms is outputting different products into the broader ecosystem like externalities or runoff and so that's kind of this teal scroll image and .coms is really our primary interface with the external ecosystem. We can think about this external ecosystem as containing all kinds of different things in it. So there's artifacts, there's texts like papers and videos and all kinds of other documents and artifacts and then there's also people and their skills and their connections. So we can start in with this red bounded box of the current body of relevant publications which as we've seen stretches back and forward and left and right. There's a lot of relevant publications but there is a relevant body of publications and we have used a live stream format kind of like a journal club to go into the publications themselves. Each live stream is centered around a publication which we'll talk more about in .coms. .coms produces a guest stream which bridges from that circle of established knowledge and people into broader interactions amongst participants and the topics that they're interested in like a two-way street between let's just say active inference and field X. So some people are going to be hearing about active inference for the first time, others are going to be inside of active inference hearing about X for the first time and then we look forward to having increasingly broad avenues to communicate like org stream that helped to bridge even one step further and outside of the realm of just research and development maybe thinking more about practice and all the different ways that people around the world are engaged in practices every day that may be related to or influenced by active inference. So here's kind of this nested ecosystem of circles like an onion around the active inference literature censu strictu and then all the ways that are outputs into the ecosystem help to scaffold and modify and catalyze sense making in that environment which can be overwhelming. Also which we picked up on from the systems engineering practices and community organization we've engaged in several development initiatives which we'll talk more about in the sections that are relevant but the ontology working group is upskilling and learning about ontology and the systems thinking reading discussion group is doing similar for systems thinking so we'll talk more about those but this is just our initial forays into some of the kinds of products and lab functions that are important and we hope serve a positive role inside the lab and affect a positive outcome outside the lab in our local niche. So there's our internal states over on the right side and then there's our niche modification products in the left side. Any comments that somebody would like to add here Stephen yeah I suppose I like to think about how the ontology working group is hopefully helping to bridge and fill a gap in the complexity of all the different ways that active inference gets used so it's kind of hopefully going to help for that applied active inference to be more multi disciplinary into disciplinary trans disciplinary. No small task but I think it's a useful endeavour. Thank you agreed and there's the ontology itself as a product in the niche. So multiple representations are very important for distributed systems for complex systems. This is kind of a snapshot visual layout but we can also look at more of a narrative overview. So just to recap during 2020, Viotkin et al that's Alex and others including many on this discussion now collaborated on a paper that was released as a preprint on September 9th 2020 called active inference and behavior engineering for teams so this is as close to a prerequisite for understanding the narrative and the context of the active lab as exists at this point after completing that paper we sent out an initial call for collaboration with an active inference lab and that was at the end of 2020. During 2021 we engaged starting at the beginning of January in our first year of active lab activities many of which we're going to be talking about today that's kind of our recap moments and then we're going to also be looking forward to 2022. So this is like a like a sandwich we're going to have the two pieces of bread right now and then that will be our appetizer and then we're going to spend most of it on the meat itself so it's an odd sandwich but please what do you expect? In 2022 we're going to do a few things similarly and a few things differently. So on the similar but different wavelength we are going to be continuing to implement our projects and plans within each organizational unit. So that's what we're going to discuss today in the organizational unit sections it's what we talk about every week when we meet in the organizational units. So that kind of homeostatic or functional operation of the lab is the substance of what we're actually doing and so that is going to continue. We're also bringing a few new ideas and structures to the table and practices. So one is the inaugural advisory board cohort which we'll talk about on the next slide and then a little bit on the not having their own slide of their own but important ideas that we look forward and call for participation around formalizing the lab governance. There have been so many important and interesting governance questions that have arisen during the past year as well as everyone experiencing similar challenges in their own located and online teams so that's something we want to understand better and then also as we learn more and embody and enact decentralized science or DSI everything that comes along with this from who's doing research what questions are they asking how is it funded how is it communicated how is it verified the whole research stack is evolving. So welcome to the 2020s and we want to understand how we as a lab can take the best aspects that are emerging from this domain of DSI while not getting lost in the technicalities or committing grievous ecological errors. Anything else that anyone wants to address? These are just a few of the kind of top level points that we all worked on when we were preparing the slides. Dean? Yeah I think this is a fantastic summary and I think for people who are kind of new to this or maybe are still constantly sort of evolving their basic understanding of this. I think what we're what we're seeing right here on this slide is the tension between between a lot of constant updating which is which is kind of what the active inference tool enables and then the piece about okay so these are the things that we've established that kind of top down consistent constant stable things that we think have some shelf life and can carry forward so I think by showing this sort of chronologically we're we're sharing with the audience of the fact that there is a tension there isn't one constant that is going to take over and there isn't a constant updating mean we're always throwing out the baby with the bathwater and I think you may not necessarily hear or see that in a timeline but I think that's front and center in terms of how we organize ourselves we organize ourselves with the with the intention of remaining in a in a in a tension that constant updating versus what's stable and is carried forward. Thanks Dean and welcome Blue great point and it is like the nesting of models in active inference where there's a slower tick at the deeper scale of the model so every year there's 12 ticks for months and then within a month there's more and more and that takes us to the advisory board which is something structurally that we're introducing in 2022 so this lab advisory board first we can say it's not a formal voting or governance hashtag not legal advice not financial advice they're not our managers it's an advisory board the advisory board is helping to move the temporal scale of the labs organizing from the kind of day-to-day sometimes it felt like we were just putting out little surprises all the time to the annual scale and beyond so as we think about deepening the deepest level of our model for vision and for alignment while also refining the finer points in our model that's kind of like the icating is like the micro scale and then we have deeper levels like semantics of vision so that's kind of the way that we think about these temporal scales and we're already in the process of onboarding individuals with expertise in a variety of important domains but please contact us if you have any interest before say the middle of December of 21 and you might want to be involved in this inaugural cohort of the annual role at this point for the advisory board or we'll be there to onboard you in 23 what we do when we onboard them in the advisory board just to be clear and because many of them will be listening to this discussion first we make personal contact with organizers and have a consensus amongst lab organizers about that invitation and we'll have more governance for that in the future we then have a live meeting with a potential board member and assign them to one or more organizational units so no side doors no free floating I'm here but where everybody is in an organizational unit and then we describe the specific synchronous and asynchronous affordances and roles and requirements that the advisory board members will engage in so it's not just an open-ended ask for you to do work it's actually a very structured conversation that will hopefully be win-win so we're really looking forward to the advisory board's service does anyone want to add any comments on the advisory board and we'll probably hear more from them once we've confirmed the personnel but right now it's just a we're still in the onboarding phase okay any other lab scale comments before we go into the organizational units okay our first organizational unit as a educational nonprofit is edu education what we're going to do for each of the organizational units is we've just copied from our coda document which we'll talk more about we've just copied the ongoing projects so the idea is these kinds of single source of truth and centralized ways of working together allow us to have an asynchronous lab and then also when we need to present and share we just take screenshots or copy out tables so that keeps it really efficient these are the six projects or five projects that we have in edu so these are not the total scope of all the projects happening by participants these are within the organizational units more complicated the goal of edu is to scaffold the participatory and dynamic active inference body of knowledge so these five projects are the current active threads and if you see a space to improve one of these or add another one then get involved so on to the first one of these projects this is the frist and symposium transcript so i'll summarize it and then dav if you'd like to add a comment or anyone else so in june 2021 we had our first applied active inference symposium with professor carl friston and each of the three organizational units had about a one hour session the videos are watchable and many insightful things were said and discussed so the idea of this project is to use automated speech to text processing plus manual copy editing and enrichment of those texts to get an accurate transcript of the discussions so that we can upload it as a preprint get a doi and make it citable so instead of oh i think somewhere somebody said this thing let's have in text something we can copy out and connect core terms to translations use it for the captioning of the youtube videos for accessibility and then looking beyond this one important symposium we had this year towards transcripts for maybe all livestreams and integration more thoroughly with the ontology so translation of terms linking to other knowledge resources so that's the frist and symposium transcript dave or anyone else do you want to add a comment yeah the three transcripts are um in daniels and blues and some other people's hands um and um as much markup as folks want to do that's fine if you want to just take what i've got and make them perfect and get all the cross references and so on that's great if you want to just um mark up uh the simply change of speakers and maybe throw in some obvious paragraph terminations just empty lines that's fine um and uh i have the option later on of just doing some some automated cleanup trying to find end of sentences that aren't marked otherwise but um you know i think this is going to be somewhat quicker than just taking the raw youtube output well we shall see uh next year after some other things i'm going to go in and improve the program a lot more doing this stuff but i thought i would have finished by now but uh you know when i can't change the parser and i have to live with the parse that i've gotten it's only got half of the vocabulary and i gotta get around that it takes longer so it's good if you can't parse the what you want parse the one you have even yeah i was thinking that the one thing to think about when we have these talks with um briston and these presentations is we're able to as well as clarify the stuff which is already possible to do and separate it from what is um you know is is beyond our knowledge at the moment we get this zone of proximal development uh the vikovsky which our russian friends will be very fond of um so that idea of where we can be we get a sense of where the sort of the extension of what the established knowledge might be and i think that's also a useful thing to clarify um because that's also part of where these applications are going to be good point we're not just recapping memorized facts that's the first and symposium transcript the second project in dot edu is the ontology working group so in ontology working group we are reading this textbook by adam peace the ontology uh a practical guide textbook and the bigger picture here is that there's a continuum of formality and expressivity of what is called ontology ranging on the left side from mere terms lists through more structured and enriched terms lists like structured glossaries and informed hierarchies verging towards more formal data structures that allow increasing computational power in many different dimensions and over here the sun rising in the east of sumo and uh sumo is the language and the framework that's discussed in the textbook suggested upper merged ontology so that's what we're learning about in the ontology working group and we meet every two weeks we discuss what we've read and work through the exercises together and over the course of the year the ontology working group has been kind of pushing like a little train towards further and further right from just the terms list that we started at in the beginning of the year to a lot more which we'll talk about soon but the ontology working group is specifically those who are learning ontology by doing and reading the textbook any thoughts or comments on ontology working group and we'll talk about the ontology more broadly in just a few slides okay so another development initiative which um i'll allow evan to summarize is the systems thinking reading and discussion group so evan maybe you could summarize the intention or the background here yes thank you well initially the system thinking course was represented by system management school in musco and we decided to provide a common language for the lab all of us from different domains with different perspectives and we decided that it will be a somewhere we can understand one another better here we gave some small example where one object can describe a total different one person can hear can see here face and another and once all of them talk about leaps they totally come to misunderstanding to prevent this situation in this group could you could you next yes yes there is the interface of the course is this is uh online course based on iso standards and formal documents uh that uh include system approach and engineering and in different a lot of fields and course the course has a list of concepts that you're connected interconnected with the active inference concepts and every every participant can now apply to the course and in appropriate way start to learning system and thinking as the system management school provides of course this is eight sections now a lot of tasks to check your understanding you can find all information about the course on system school that come thank you evan and also you and others translated it from the russian to this english course which were beta testing so it's being offered for free and we provide them feedback so it's a cool relationship between our groups that helps benefit our participants any comments on st rdg one of the main projects in dot edu something we spend half or more of each meeting on is the actual active inference ontology itself so here we're showing just the top page of the working active inference ontology we released versions more stable versions earlier in the year we're working through the core terms and then for each core term getting a bunch of references and quotable citable definitions so not saying that they're the truth just how it was used you know a system is a or blanket states are then each week we have a discussion on these terms one term per discussion and we kind of go deep and hear many different perspectives and gather more resources and then we work towards proposed synthetic definitions that synthesize in the term of synthetic not artificial that bring together a few of the senses or clarify is there just one sense or there are multiple senses that the term is being used and then the terms themselves as well as how the terms are connected to one another will form some of the early versions of our educational materials so how about that five minute video that everyone has always wanted about what is a markup blanket or that five minute video about how is a generative model related to epistemic and pragmatic value those are the kinds of questions that we want to have like a video but more importantly this deep knowledge linking underlying so just that's the first cover sheet and then I'll get to you Stephen um the second sheet has translations of those core terms into human languages so we have Russian Portuguese Spanish French and Italian very well completed we're definitely looking for more languages to be added so if you're speaking or learning any language then it would be awesome even just to do two or five words terms because that helps modify the niche so that stigmatically another language speaker may be able to pick up where you left off so this would be extremely helpful and important global work for somebody who speaks one of these languages or any language to start to pin together just with the terms at first this active inference corpus which is primarily written in English as a natural language mathematics and computer languages as technical languages so we'll be able to to operate better across those different human and technical languages and then the last sheets of this tab here just show the supplemental terms and equations so the equations that's going to be a long game with corralling the formalism and how that has evolved and how different letters have met different things through different times but then also supplemental terms there's so many fun terms that come up in our discussions but they're not necessarily core or they may be we update them and put them in the core later but things that people bring up that like are cool and important to learn about and link around we can add that to the the term supplement so we kind of get to have a big gutter with a term supplement while also having a very curated core terms list that'll be the basis of education so Stephen yeah I'd just like to also thank again that Ivan and Alex there for bringing in that system's work I think that's really valuable and I think this as you mentioned there the different languages are also useful because even different languages have different ways of thinking about time they have different cultural so if we're looking at pluralism but also trying to clarify and get ways to have common languages this is going to be actually extends that and one other thing I'd like to mention is that it can build the bridge with the field of coaching I think that coaching systemic coaching and ontological coaching are two very fast growing fields and I know from the literature that they're really moving into looking at pluralism and different types of social construction and I think so this this before it is a bit of a bridge too far but I think with this work as well from Alex and Ivan and this other work with the ontology that it's starting to make it not a bridge too far hopefully it's it's it's spanable thanks very cool the last project to discuss in dot edu is course development itself you know what people expect of a dot edu to engage in and we know this is one of the most important projects and we also knew that ontology not necessarily the practice of ontology itself but this core term ontology would be the backbone of the course development broadly in this project we're interested in how to provide the affordance for people to learn and apply and communicate active inference we had great discussions during the year on live streams and in dot edu about instructionism and interactionism and how do we prevent this from just being a sort of plug and chug course how do we enable interactions and the zone approximate development like was being described and this tension that dean described earlier as well between the sort of the technical the minute particulars and the big picture and the unknown and the thirdness and the betweenness and with a special focus on applied active inference and also enabling this education for individuals of many different backgrounds inside academia outside academia there's a whole world out there and there are not paths from here to there so that's what course development is going to be exploring in 2022 and beyond especially everyone is welcome to get involved with all projects but in dot edu if knowledge engineering sounds interesting to you whether it's the translations or diving into the literature to find definitions and references bringing your experience on curriculum development or learning by doing on the ontology those capture a few of the projects that we talked about here and that's some of the main practices that are involved in dot edu any dot edu thoughts okay dean oh wait unmute dean then continue sorry about that there's some cultures that we're taking a very western centric approach to this which is fine we have to start somewhere and i think that there are some cultures that simply won't have words or verbs that describe some of the things that happen in their particular niche that those with a western view don't necessarily have the terminology for and i think we're keeping that aspect of this open when we're trying to figure out whether or not there can be a bridge from calgary to moscow or if there are other ways of being able to transport ourselves and migrate that are better than trying to put a solid structure in so sometimes when we're working on this ontology piece we might only be able to collapse to two or three different ways of describing two faces and a vase and i think that's one of the other things we want to let people understand is that there is no one singular answer to this that when active inference is actually being used we distribute and there are going to be times when we can agree to disagree on how to describe something thank you dean it's like there's what was said in frist in 2013 the paper there's how you just said it right now there's how blue's gonna say it in six months and those are like observations those are not the latent hidden state even if they all concur that isn't alone evidence that that is the hidden state so we actually can take that kind of signal processing perspective and integrate it with ideas like pluralism and distributed systems to talk about how to have inclusive education so in comms the second organizational unit we are interested in communication the goals of this organizational unit are to organize the internal lab project and activities kind of the connective tissue slash circulatory system and also to carry out all forms of communication with external entities so if edu needs to send an email they can just pass it to comms and say please email these nine people with this information thank you and comms loves emails the first project well there's six projects on here live streams social media podcast end of 2021 treat monthly newsletter and updating the coda and the playbook so first on the live streams of which we're in one now we had a fun year of live streams the live streams technically began before actin flab in july 2020 but we have multiple series of live streams and we've done well over 100 total 85 around papers and then 14 guest streams presentations seven model streams and three math streams which are more technical and then round table meetings like this one org stream is a new series that just began we have one video in there about organizational design and practice and then the applied active inference symposium and lest anyone think the year is over we still have some upcoming papers to read for 32 stochastic chaos markov blankets in the first two weeks of november 33 thinking like a state with aval serval 33 in the last two weeks of november and then we'll have two more papers probably that we'll discuss in december but just haven't set them yet so we'll also be probably moving this to coda having a nice way to look at the past and present live streams but for now if you want to give a live stream like give a presentation and or discussion for a guest stream on your research or your thinking or your application just let us know and also if you want to suggest somebody who would be good for a live stream whether it's just like i read this paper could you reach out to this person or whether it's somebody you know and you'd like to co-organize the event or just make the connect we're planning for 2022 so that would be great if anyone listening has any thoughts or wants to present social media um broadly just to give two updates we have um over a thousand twitter followers and over 600 subscribers on youtube so the slow and steady accumulation there on the podcast front uh then i'll pass this to blue so anything you want to add on social media blue and then please describe the podcast sure so just also on the social media front um i just kind of took over uh the facebook page and um or took responsibility for you know promoting the actin flab on facebook so if you're on facebook um find us there because that's brand new and we have like i don't know a whole 10 likes on our page or something like that but but we've hooked up the podcast which will feed directly into the facebook page so if you get updates that way that's helpful and we'll try to post the live streams on there as well so um yeah new social media venue is always good um we're also on discord right so um if you're on discord and and do that too um there's more social media uh ways to get a hold of us um and then podcast i think we're up to like 30 episodes of the podcast at this point and we're starting to codify them with links to each episode and the associated live streams and maybe in some future rendition of the website we'll be able to make all that information publicly available so that people can see who participated and what the topics are because frequently the podcast will just be like the markup blanket um even though the paper is is a much broader um paper or topic so um the podcasts are coming along and um yeah get in touch i mean there's always room for people to participate i've been doing a lot of them um also we're looking for music so if you want to submit some musical riffs to us for evaluation um definitely that's something on my on my to-do list is to like get an intro lead for for the lab podcast and yeah if you're interested in podcasting or audio production at all um get in touch it's been i've i've just kind of learned and figured it out but i'm happy to you know work with people to show people the ins and outs of that so yeah awesome job with these edits blue because sometimes the discussion can have even when it has just a few core themes which sometimes happens it can be interleaved complexly so it takes skill to untangle but the podcast is fun um number four the end of 2021 treat so this is just a little gift that blue and i wanted to send out this is kind of our project we just thought um we could send people some physical stickers and potentially send a non-fungible token an nft purely as a gift no value or utility so both of these reflect the expansion of the lab into the physical space as well as the digital and the cryptographic space and we do think that cryptographic affordances will be very important for the future of science art and communities in web three and beyond we also want it to be mindful ecologically and meaningful for participants so if you'd like to be involved in this area of kind of dowes and web three and crypto and dsi then please come get involved with active lab because there's a lot to uh learn and help us do here just very briefly we have a monthly newsletter so that's um you can find that on our site active inference org and find other places to subscribe but this is a kind of monthly and then a few other special affordances but mainly just a monthly summary of our operations so good low traffic totally not spam way to stay updated and then the last comms project is um the live stream playbook so we do have a slides based playbook for uh live streaming so just kind of like show it here this is just for participation guidelines this is um checklists for roles participant checklist presenter checklist broadcaster checklist facilitator checklist organizer checklist so that was something that we developed over this year and we're looking to move that over to kota so that it can be implemented much more smoothly with automations the playbook itself from the technical details to the behavioral and the social and then also another kota related improvement project is going from the list that spreadsheet of live streams to this enriched table where we're going to be able to add in keywords links participants um you see some upcoming streams here so it will be possible to very easily ask a question like i want to know what david had to say about predictive processing before 2022 that will be a simple query to make and when we include the speech to text and have full text transcripts not just enriched tagging that'll also be very powerful but this will be really a fun project and it's also little micro tasks if anybody wants to contribute asynchronously like oh i loved number 14.2 i'm listening to it already i'm going to write down a few keywords that were spoken that's a huge way to help the lab think about how many times a podcast or live stream is listened to and no one enriches it or makes it searchable so this will help improve that situation and connect these resources to each other so if you want to get involved in dot coms if you like communication and you are familiar with active inference or not of course all activities are open to everyone special roles or practices that could help a lot would be somebody who wants to like lead and grow and automate active lab social media accounts because that's not really our jam also if you want to get involved in co-organizing or facilitating or broadcasting live streams introducing new series compiling and curating research products onboarding participants new kinds of communications like blogs short writings tutorials there's so many things that we can um do in comms and if you just think that's a communication i expected to have existed i i expect that five minute video on mark com blankets to have existed or i would prefer it existed will connect you with the affordance so that you can reduce your free energy by doing it and also helping people any comments on comms okay final organizational unit dot tools so in tools the overall goal is to enable the effective tool and instrument use for all actin flab processes the second goal is to explore and design affordances for our niche resulting in effective action as well as innovations and tool development so it's a lot like comms there's this interior connective tissue role and then there's an external side in tools the internal side is our tools what we use in the lab and that's what the participants are engaged in because we're all participants here and then there's like this medium and deeper question of what do active inference tools look like recommendation engines and robotics and all these kinds of things and we have explored that in some depth during the year but let's go over the projects themselves so first is the cloud infrastructure so this is an internal but eventually we'll have an external component as well we're looking to develop accessible and powerful computational resources for the lab there are several use cases that are very important so some of them are admin tasks like having the website emails file storage crm like personnel management in a secure cloud environment there's also use cases like a personalized learning dashboard or workspace so somebody can just log in to their active lab account and have their resources and learnings right there for them in a high attention and high trust setting two special use cases that are can be mentioned here one is ontology development and natural language processing so sumo it's an ontology but it's actually written like a text program kind of like lisp so having an environment with sigma and a few other pieces will allow people who might not be able to set up these often esoteric programs on their own computer will have the cloud image virtualized and ready so that you can play around in this sandbox where all the toys work and then similarly on the machine learning side although much of early work in this vein was done in matlab in the spm statistical parametric mapping toolbox increasingly modern development is happening using the languages of python and julia and we spoke with people in live streams and guest streams who talked a lot about that and so we want to have a what's a fairly common setup in industry and in computer science research labs to have a cloud interface with for example interactable notebooks that helps you do machine learning in the cloud without having hardware or software installed locally so that's kind of the cloud infrastructure side and of course these aren't done projects these are things that people are involved in and can be involved in feel free to just raise hands if you have any other thoughts but um another project is the actinth agent development so we um here are curious with what does the future of active software agents look like can we make an interoperable software package for active inference agent modeling and where could that be applied we started with the net hack challenge which we didn't muster the regime of attention for this year but it was ambitious and we had many many good discussions and we made a lot of useful advances we just didn't end up doing this very challenging machine learning competition but there'll be so many cool areas to apply active inference to so that's kind of like just like people expect the edu to make courses but it does a ton of other stuff too tools sounds like it should be making something like this and we'll do other stuff too project three and tools is the participant onboarding on evan do you want to add any detail here yeah as then already mentioned we this quarter extremely more use uh called the tools and here we as other other our activities we model the participant as a person who can simply be involved in different projects with the lab and as other our activities we based on systems here and the four different scale of the lab or project and the tasks within the project we have it's not not as simple but we have a model that we used to to to simplify the onboarding so within the project we have a role and we open to assign this role to the performer with the skill we understand we need to uh make this role and each role has a button in organizational unit of the lab and to perform the task we provide some um some some information to information to to have uh understandable understandable task with the any any skill you have already thank you evan and that relates to the crm integration which is usually using to refer to customer relationship manager but they're kind of like personnel relationships and it's a project that is on kota it's under the comms but the integration is a tool's concern and so just like evan laid out here using these ontologies for projects much of which are derived from systems engineering and systems thinking we'll be able to have everybody entered into the crm and then it'll say okay blue and i are going to be doing this live stream they added us to a calendar the template is here the papers here the emails in the inbox that will allow um very flexible coordination and also improve the accessibility because not everybody is going to be trying to prune every part of the garden each person will be able to have a targeted regime of attention that is according to their preferences and also will be contributing to something bigger so these are projects involving making the organizational unit engagement more accessible project five uh evan again please describe what is the systems thinking reading in discussion group which was an edu project on the learning capacity what does it have to do with application in the dot tools so as each project we can we have to divide the project itself and the project that enabled this project so to provide all participants with all needed instruments we need to enable it and for more understanding of the course and the discipline of system thinking uh we decided to set up a reading and discuss group and one per two weeks we plan to meet and discuss what uh what we learn and what the what hard things we met in the course and here i provided two two screenshots it's that the first first of it is how it looks like in kota and the second one is the backlog of the course if spotty during the learning report an issue or what typos typos the course has or any comments they would like to provide and if you move to the next slide please yes so once once a student record an issue we have this table and each issue automatically um placed to this this table and um because of uh different translators work worked on the course different uh chapters uh the different translators uh work on different chapters and each issue is assigned to a special translator and uh within uh systems systems school we uh we fix and what what do we need to fix in need to fix in the course thank you and this will be one of the kind of templates and inspirations for the actin course that will be using tools that are state of the art which were selected from a rigorous process for the systems thinking course a sixth project for those who watch all the way to the end of lab meetings you know who you are is the graphical interface and extensible knowledge graph project so this is going to be something pretty cool heading into 2022 and beyond on the left side on the left side is an image that i'll just expand so it's a small this is within matlab which is a uh proprietary program that you have to pay to have a license for many academics are given access but that's not everybody within matlab the program there's a package called spm statistical parametric mapping which has been developed by professor carl friston and many others for the previous decades inside of spm you'll find a function called dem demo and it will bring up this graphical interface which has kind of sundry links to some simulations some code examples some visualizations some papers but much of it is within matlab itself so this is kind of a resource that's been developed and locally optimized within this intra spm intra matlab format however one of our major projects for the lab and the community moving forward is going to be reimagining and deploying a graphical interface and an extensible knowledge graph for active inference so what does it look like to make a graphical interface an extensible knowledge graph that is participatory with open source development and modern affordances for knowledge graphs that uses the active ontology as a basis of the knowledge graph so for example here it's sorted by keywords but you know what do you do when one button fits under two keywords or two keywords apply to one button that's why this is a local optimization because to have that kind of advanced and even personalized re-rendering it's required to have a more advanced ontological system than just terms or principled hierarchies which is exactly why ontology working group has been involved in this work and these practices because the extensible knowledge graph starts coming into play on the far right of that spectrum we also wonder if it can be deployed in a website so not requiring you to have matlab install spm find dem and then maybe it works or maybe it doesn't how about a website where there's maybe even computational resources so people can run simulations and save their own versions of the code in their own workspace and of course what else this is a project that we're barely just beginning so if you're interested in user interface or education or tool development something that would be an ontologically scaffolded knowledge graph containing very heterogeneous resources like terms and educational courses papers videos etc this could be a very important and also very active project so if that's kind of sounding cool to you then get involved overall dot tools has all kinds of uh well we'll just delete this dot tools has ways for you to get involved if you'd like to contribute in any way let's go to the future and then of course everybody please feel free to raise your hand so the future section is short because we can actually just break it down systemically and systematically to use some vocabulary that I learned from systems thinking into these different levels of organization of our lab there are the next steps for the lab as an entity which involves for example our nonprofit registration continuity and the onboarding of the inaugural cohort of the advisory board there's the next steps for the units inside of each lab which were discussed for most of the meeting today there's the next steps for the projects and the teams that are inside of each unit which have specific coda spaces and timelines and roles and requirements of themselves and then there's the next step for you as a participant so if you don't know that's perfect because that means that you'll have a lot to learn by doing and reduce your uncertainty through action so if you're listening to this or if you're aware of it you're already a participant you're engaging in the regime of attention regimes of expectations related to active lab and active inference more broadly so if you're here you're a participant if you know what your next steps are what policies you're going to select in the near future or now that's awesome if you do not know what your next action states should be what policies you should select or maybe even what policies you can select what your affordances are then you can get involved by just communicating with us so anyone can feel free to contact welcome scott to the very tail end we're literally just closing up and just have about to have an open discussion where anyone can just add any points what was something that they liked about 2021 what's something they want to change what are they looking forward to in 2022 anyone's welcome here i'm too i'm late to the game so i'm i don't know what was said before but i um i feel like the we're on the cusp of um of folks um benefiting from this kind of framing in much more broadly and i think that was interesting i just saw on twitter there was an interesting article on the rethinking of fristin pearl blankets versus fristin blankets discussion which i thought was interesting and it's not i haven't read the article yet but it's interesting that notion of the maturation of the concept and whether or not that critique is accurate the critiques are helpful because they start to bound the framing and make it more useful for more people because it's not as uh over enthusiastic in its ambiguity on the at the edges and so um i'm really excited about the maturation of both this concept and the communities that cluster around it and i feel like this particular initiative is going to be really pivotal in that and it's um i won't use the word priesthood and priestess hood here but um there's a lot of evangelization that will be done in the in the next uh or evangelizing yes that will be done in the next year and i'm really looking forward to it i think a lot of people are going to find that when they enter the space that people are for some reason seem fairly reasonable given a lot of other spaces and willing to entertain the limitations and constraints what we have here because i think it is something that's has a core of something that's new and offers helpful insights so i'm really excited about the coming year thanks thank you dean yeah i think my takeaway from the months that i've participated so far is that one of the big differences to kind of a dramatic difference if you will is that i find that working in this medium it's more like a cnc mill than a than a printer a 3d printer because instead of a bunch of building up we're essentially removing a lot of noise and trying to get to the idea of what are some of the signals that we otherwise wouldn't be able to see because we have a chance to interact the way that we have and do i don't think it's uh i don't know that it's necessarily a consensus building platform but i do know that it is certainly a way of being able to cross pollinate we don't tend to collapse to one particular type here that that last input being a perfect example of what we're i think what we're achieving here and i think that the going forward piece will be really interesting because it isn't always describable in this moment i think a year from now when when we're doing our fourth quarter a year from now god willing i think again the updates will tell us a whole bunch about what we learned in the meantime instead of trying to come to a particular specific outcome and i think that's probably one of the greatest joys of participating in this thanks dean hello chitzer with a raised hand call that sorry somebody who's muted but i'm not sure who exactly it is is it me it might be okay um yeah i i i sort of following on from what was said there is the idea of um the blanket early on was kind of like a part of active influence but the having been talking a lot more and you know thinking about the fristonian blanket as a particular way of thinking about blankets and knowing that these blankets are used in other contexts i think is has helped mature things i mean scott's been talking about the idea of maybe synthetic blankets in other contexts and i think what's quite interesting is i think the discussion um around the nature of blankets is going to be um as a tool or maybe as part of the ontology is going to um help at least help separate out the discourse um and i think that's not a bad thing because uh there's there's um there's there's uh there's markov chains and there's lots of these processes are used in other fields which are allied but are not active influence and then well what happens to these when we come into that field and uh and i think it also then starts to help with some of the pluralistic ontological questions um allowing other parts to maybe be more formalized and then the ontologies might happen more through the way that we think about the realization of the blanket form and the sensory states and the observation states been interacting with thank you steven so anyone else can uh raise their hand definitely the core terms yep scott go for it so you know it's interesting steven just got me thinking so one of the things we're doing this nsf thing some of you know about it right now and doing it with some other folks and involved in complexity and um we're doing virtual uh excuse me uh verified information environments and you got me thinking steven you know credit card system we say is a verified information environment we're defining it as a thing that has business operating legal technical and social variables that give it integrity so it's interesting when you think about blankets in a way a verified information environment what we're saying is there's an externality or an x there's an external environment that can be named and characterized so it's like before there were countries nation states we didn't say there are nation states we had the feudal kingdoms or whatever and it was a characterization of a set of relationships and it became paradigmatic only through the broad adoption so we say now there's a society or we can say there's a museum or there's a school each one has a concept but it's really a set of relationships not a building and it feels like i wonder if mark of blankets it just started feeling like perhaps there's a naming of a set of interactions of blob of interactions out there that can start to build up its own um not not rigor statistically but cultural recognition and and if and that i wonder whether mark of blankets are candidates for that i don't know if it's powerful enough a concept to me it feels like it may be but and and that set of practices that occur associated mark of blankets um i think can be elevated into best practices standards and institutions so we might actually see is the mark of blankets for instance might become institutionalized into fiduciary layers for representing parties things like that anyway you got me thinking steven on that one nice thank you um i was just going to say that the core terms each of them are so rich and uh the opportunity to go into technical details and discussions as well as apply discussions um there's so much more that could be said the only thing i'll say is personally i don't think that having names associated with terms is helpful because it's not referring to a person themselves and so i think once we move beyond some of the name based nomenclature we'll open up into a more accessible and rigorous space not based around whether darwin really thought this way or not about evolution or whether mark of which mark of really thought this way or not about statistics we can just frame positively indefinitely and probably very austerely what we actually mean and that will enable translation automation and many new things that just last names don't give but that's going to be part of the fun i never even thought of the mark of part is and every card to me was the big guy's name but of course it is but so i vote for snuggly we should call it a snuggly as a generic um term i think let's change all that into russian what's a russian what's russian for a snuggly blanket what about snuggly like the blanket with arms it's already trademarked let's change every term to snuggly um well um and then also one just mark of no just uh we are actually unsure which mark of is being referenced this was some scholarship by dave to actually address the question which a mark of the the elder or the younger are some of these terms referencing in the english-speaking literature and that is not always clear so there are just opportunities for international scholarship that we discover when we're curious steven of course you've got the ian we can add on so the fristonian i mean it is problematic being his name but or the markovian but um i mean that sort of opens us up to the hand waving but it um that may also sort of show that there's more than one version because you know you just hear mark of blanket does to someone who came for the first time they may think well that's that's the thing it's an or it's that's it right whereas um once you get into markovian monism um and even that maybe there's i can see why carl wouldn't want to necessarily call them frist and blankets because then it gets into that whole thing about it being his name but there's there is something possibly between or beyond a markovian blanket that would help denote what is going on with an active influence blanket where it's uh bi-directional um but this is this is great conversation we talked more about this obviously yep perfect um that's all that uh we need to i think note for the lab being but yeah thanks for sharing about that these are the literal discussions in the terms discussions in edu every week these are like the fun things that we get to talk about so um to those in this jitsi many of whom were um just totally essential and non-fungible in their contributions to the lab as well as those who are watching the replay and who participated in every activity this year it was just an awesome year who could have thought that one year ago things would be where they are now and the game is just beginning so we hope that everyone listening whatever their background or familiarity with active inference or other topics is they're just welcome to get involved any other last thoughts otherwise that's it for the fourth cordly round table meeting okay should i play the uh theme song again okay you i don't think you're gonna hear it on the uh you're not gonna hear it on the stream but so just it'll be quiet for 30 seconds oh wait i need to restart it without the little filter to do the voice okay so here we go theme song is gonna start now and then i'll end the stream okay thanks and bye


Hello. Welcome to this session about 3-year TOS on STM32 devices. Within this session, we will discuss about 3-year TOS and its usage within STM32 devices using STM32 Cube MX application. We will start from the short discussion about the operating system. What is the operating system? What are the main components of it? Then we will switch to the basic features of 3-year TOS. The next point would be the discussion about APIs used within the 3-year TOS. We will shortly discuss 3-year TOS API as 91, and then we will switch into CMC-sized API, which is proposed by ARM, and which is an additional layer on top of 3-year TOS API. Within STM32 Cube MX and our examples, which are available for all STM32 devices, we are using CMC-sized API layer. This is why we will focus more on this part within this session. The next part would be STM32 Cube MX and its usage to generate the code with 3-year TOS on it. Then we will discuss shortly the configuration parameters available for the 3-year TOS. And the longer part would be about the memory allocation schemes and memory allocation techniques used within the 3-year TOS. Then we will slightly go to discuss the main components of 3-year TOS starting from scheduler. Then we will switch to tasks. The next point would be the discussion about the communication between the tasks. So we will touch the Qs, semaphors, signals. The next point would be about resource management. And then next we will switch into the mutexes, software timers. And after all those main components of the operating systems, we will focus a bit on hooks, stackover for protection, and other advanced topics which are related to 3-year TOS. We will demonstrate to you the main components about the debugging which are available within two tool chains IR and GCC based on Atollictro Studio example. And we will discuss low power support which is implemented within the 3-year TOS. At the end you will see some basic information about the footprint of 3-year TOS and its comparison with other operating systems for embedded application without MMU.


Hi, my name is Colby Patton, and I teach Spanish to seventh graders as well as to grades 9 through 12 here in Oxford High School, and I'm going to show you a concept of culture that I teach to my Spanish one students in high school, but this concept of culture could also be taught to anywhere from grade 7th or 6th through 12 and the project could also be modified for grades 6 through 12, so it's a fun way for students to think outside the box. So what I teach my Spanish one students is that culture is like an iceberg. Culture, you can see some of it above the sea level, but what you don't realize is that there's so much underneath what you can see that people don't focus on, and so I want the students through this project to focus on not just the usual food, their games, their capital city, and their holidays, but I want them to dig deeper into what characterizes that country. So things that they often don't consider when researching a new country, their gender norms, is it normal for the women to do the shopping, or is it normal for the men to do shopping, and is it frowned upon and if the wrong gender does the wrong thing? So another thing that they could consider researching are views on raising children. Oftentimes women are the ones raising children, but in a few countries it's normal for the men to stay home and raise the children, so discuss how they do that and what things they do to raise kids. Their marriage customs is the ceremony of marriage the same in India as it is in Argentina. They can figure out ceremonies like that, common etiquette, knowing when it's okay to tip a waiter and when it's not, knowing basic customs there, and then lastly something else they could consider researching is body language, knowing when it's okay to point at somebody in one country and when it's not, knowing that in Nepal to accept something with respect to you, put your arm to your elbow and learning things like that about a country. So the project that I have my Spanish one students do every year is that they have to create some sort of visual. It can't be done on a laptop or an iPad. It has to be a paper product that they can hold and they have to choose a Spanish-speaking country for my class and display, discuss, the things that they can see on an iceberg of culture and then the things that they can't see just on the iceberg of culture. So the example that I have for you today is I had a student last year make a piñata for Mexico. She was Mexican and so she wanted to research more about her country. And so she got a piñata and on the outside she put the things that you can see above the iceberg, the clothes, the holidays, music, flags, language, food, and art. And then to represent what you can't see normally, like you can't normally see on the inside of a piñata, she opened it up and she put more information about etiquette, government, education, gender roles, religious beliefs, literature, poverty, education, traditions, and sports. So it was a very neat product for her to make. It was a good visual of how you can see some things on the outside but not always on the inside. And this project can be adapted for any ages from 6 to 12. If you're doing it for younger students, I would probably give them a template and have them fill in an actual iceberg. But with the older students, you can have them create something unique to do. So it's a great project for social studies classes as well for them to practice what culture means.


My brother is dead. As I sit looking into the tattered brown box that sits in my lap, I know that now. And while I know the thing called candle-hard is to blame, I still feel like it's really my fault. It was my suggestion that put us in its path in the first place. Two years ago, our father passed away. He was only 61 years old, but he'd had a bad heart for a number of years. So when I got the call that he had died in his sleep, it was terrible news, but not really a shock either. I had gotten on a plane the next morning, and when I arrived, Michael picked me up from the airport. He was a good little brother as little brothers go, and while he was 10 years younger than me at 24, we'd always gotten along well and remained friends even when I moved across the country after college. We talked on the trip back to the house, alternating between catching up on the latest happenings in each other's lives and talking about our father. That rhythm continued over the next few days when we had time alone together, which wasn't much between helping our mother and dealing with friends and relatives. But after the funeral was done and the last of the mourners had left, our mother had announced she was going to go to sleep for a good long while, no doubt aided by the pills I had seen our Aunt Clara pressing into our mother's palm after the graveside service. So me and Michael decided to head into town and get something to eat. It was while we were eating hot wings and reminiscing about our dad that the idea of taking a camping trip came up. Our father, who was no real outdoorsman, had always enjoyed camping for some reason, and when we were growing up he would always try to get us to go camping with him. In truth, we only went a few times over the years, but I still remember how happy it seemed to make him. Those camping trips seemed some part of an idyllic familio fantasy to him, and no matter how much our mother protested the bugs or myself and Michael argued, he would always bring it up once or twice a year like a car salesman trying to entice us into another test drive. Looking back on it now, I admit to feeling some guilt that we hadn't gone more when he suggested it, and I know that guilt is part of what prompted me to ask Michael if he wanted to go camping that weekend. I expected him to laugh or make an excuse why we couldn't do it, but instead he started nodding right away. He still lived at home, and he said that a couple of days away from there, assuming mom was doing okay, would suit him just fine. We started making plans, and when we got back to the house we found enough camping gear in decent shape that our costs aside from gas and food would be minimal. So after talking it over with our mother and making sure she was good for the next few days, we headed off the next morning on our camping adventure. I had wanted to go to an established camping area with designated campsites and a building containing toilets and showers, but Michael convinced me that it wouldn't be in the spirit of things to half-asset. We wanted it to be a trip our dad would think was really cool. So he found us a large state park covered by forest about a hundred miles away. After downloading maps and considering our options, we settled on a loose plan that involved parking on the west side of the park, hiking in about ten miles to a smallish body of water called Winters Lake, and then setting up camp. Day two would be hanging out, hiking a bit more, and then heading back out. We got to the large gravel parking lot by ten that morning, and after adding the food and water we had bought on the trip up to our backpacks, we headed east into the forest.  The large hardwoods that loomed overhead blocking out much of the light as we traveled along what looked like some kind of pig path in a generally easterly direction. I had some concerns with us getting lost, but Michael did a surprisingly good job of keeping us on course, periodically checking the compass he had brought, and calling out a couple spots where he could see what looked like landmarks from the map. The past few days, seeing him help our mother and remain patient and kind with all of the other mourners, had helped me appreciate how much my brother had grown up. He could still be immature at times, and I know he still relied on me for some things because I was his big brother, but he had become a man, and a good one at that. I was thinking about that, and looking off into the trees when I ran into the back of him, he stumbled a step forward, and then turned to look at me, watch it, gave me a flat tire. He shot me a mock frown before grinning as he pointed, look over there. I followed his finger, and saw that 50 yards to our left, there was what looked to be the ruins of some old large house. He was surrounded by trees and bushes so thick that it was easy to overlook, and if we had been a bit farther away I doubt we would have seen it at all. I would have preferred that because the place looks creepy, looks like the start of a horror movie. I glanced at Michael, seeing the look on his face.  His frown was genuine now, but it looks badass. He pointed at it again as though to drive home his point, look at how badass that is. I shook my head, you know what's not badass, snake bites, falling through rotten floorboards, the aforementioned hillbilly zombies. Let's go.  I nudged him forward, I think you'll survive. Another half hour and we were at Lake Winter, it was actually a bit bigger than I thought it'd be and while calling it a lake was still somewhat grandiose, I had to admit that there was something striking about it. The shore was made up of small grey rocks that we had not seen anywhere else in our walk here and the water itself was a placid, steely blue. Compared to the brownish-green ponds I was used to seeing growing up just a hundred miles south, it seemed almost like the rocks and water had been plucked from another continent, maybe one with vikings. According to Michael, I gestured towards the lake, see? This is cool. He looked skeptical, it's alright, yeah, it's kinda weird, do you think it was man-made? I shrugged, I guess it's possible, but it would cost a ton for something this size and given that it's a state park, wouldn't there be some kind of sign up or some marker saying who donated money for it or something? Either way, let's get back up on the grass some to set up our tents.  We set up camp and got a fire going and after taking a long walk around the oval perimeter of the lake, we settled into cooking hot dogs as twilight began to darken into night. While I was tired, I wasn't ready to go to sleep yet and I was having to fight the urge to pull out my phone and start playing a game or watching a video. I heard Michael grunt and looked up from my plate to see he was already poking at his phone discontentedly.  I scowled at him, good, we're supposed to be out here camping and having family bonding time. He flipped me off and stuffed the phone back in his pocket. Okay, well, I have to take a piss. So don't do any bonding with me while I'm gone. With that, he jumped up and headed back off towards the trees. When I saw him continuing to go the hundred yards or so to the edge of the forest, I thought about yelling that he didn't actually have to piss on a tree.  About a minute later, I heard Michael yelling something to me. I looked up and I saw him at the edge of the trees, shifting from the ball of one foot to the other, as though trying to get a better look at something with his flashlight. I yelled back and asked what he had said. Faintly, I heard him respond. I think I see something, a light or something. It's closer now than it was. For whatever reason, I felt my stomach go cold. Sitting down my plate, I stood up and walked a few steps away from the campfire. My eyes locked on Michael's barely illuminated form. Michael, come back from there. Come here, please. I saw him turn towards me and then something made him turn back to the woods.  Oh my God. No, and started running towards me. I was going to ask what was wrong, but then I saw the figure stepping out of the brush. That distance and in the dark, I couldn't make out much. The only light that touched it came from the partial moon glowing spectrally above the lake and some kind of flickering light on the shape itself. But from what I could tell, it looked like a large man. Even my desire to encounter some large stranger in the middle of the nighttime woods was less than zero. As Michael made his way closer to the firelight, I could see by his face that he was terrified. I was going to ask who it was or what was wrong, but he was already yelling again, we've got to go, run, leave everything, just run. He grabbed my arm and started pulling on me, but I resisted for a moment wanting to understand what, what is it? What's wrong? I glanced back at the approaching figure and I could only make out slightly more detail. His feet seemed abnormally large and strange and it looked as though he was wearing some kind of hood or cloak as I could see something billowing behind him. The oddest thing was the light he was holding. It was flickering like some kind of flame and I guess it must be a lantern of some sort, but in the dark, it almost looked like it was a part of him. Michael yanked my arm again, it's some kind of monster. I don't know but it looks real, let's go! This time he pulled enough to propel me forward and I started running with him. I still had it in the back of my mind it might be some kind of elaborate joke whether Michael was in on it or not, but he looked scared enough that I wasn't taking any chances. We ran towards the woods, Michael moving his grip down to my hand as we hit the brush at the edge of the clearing and kept going. I glanced back and saw the figure had changed course and was heading towards us, but at a measured almost leisurely pace. Good, I thought, please keep let him going slow. We ran a few more feet before Michael looked back and came to a stop. He's gone. I looked around panting and saw he was right. In the span of less than ten seconds it had gone from walking towards us across the clearing to vanishing and to thin air. That didn't do anything to make me less afraid. Moving Michael, let's get out of here. We started back running, trying to strike the right balance between speed and not breaking something in the dark. We only had one flashlight between us, with mine having been left back in the tent near the lake. The blackness of the woods felt like a palpable thing, some kind of thick, cool liquid with a weight and viscosity we had to push against as we made our way forward. Michael would periodically stop and glance at his compass, and both of us were constantly scanning our surroundings for any sign of an approaching shadow or the strange glow of firelight. We made the journey back to the car, in a fraction of the time it had taken us to leave it, and when we stepped out onto the gravel, I stopped to catch a few lungs worth of gasping breath. Still bent over, I started fumbling in my pocket for the keys when I heard Michael screaming. My head snapped up, and I saw him trying to back pedal from the thing that had somehow pursued us across ten miles without being seen. At this distance, and with a parking lot illuminated by the pale moonlight, I could see the creature much better. It looked like a man, or at least the crude, monstrous approximation of one. It stood, around seven feet tall, its head and torso partially covered by some kind of thin and rotting shroud. The skin underneath looked like some kind of dark stone or clay in the darkness, with arms and legs of the same material, but bearing the appearance of hard, twisted appendages, like the branches of some sinister-looking tree, dwelling deep in the heart of a forgotten and decaying swamp. It reached one of those arms out and grabbed Michael's arm in a clawed hand that turned his screams of terror into screeches of pain. He's biting me. He's biting me. I was already in motion to pull Michael free, but his words sunk in enough for me to find them strange. I could see little of the thing's face, but I didn't see its mouth anywhere near my brother. I grabbed Michael's other arm and pulled, afraid it would do little good. To my surprise, I saw the monster let go as I tugged, and in the dim light, I saw something my mind didn't want to accept. The palm of the thing's hand was filled with a black void that dripped with my brother's blood, when I thought about it later. I realized I had also seen silvery teeth retreating back into that oval hole in its hand. Small and sharp, I had saw the glittering of two rows in that moment before I turned away and pulled Michael with me towards the car.  But nothing came. When we were inside the car and I turned the headlights on, I could see that the creature was still standing where we had left it, silently staring at us. The lower half of its body was illuminated by the lights, showing thick legs that ended in something more akin to roots than any kind of feet, and above the line of the car's lights, the fire flickered on. The monster wasn't holding a light, it was the light. In the right upper part of the thing's chest, where a heart would lay beating in a man, there was a hole over half a foot wide that went all the way through its body from front to back. In that hole, a large yellowish brown candle burned brightly, illuminating whatever material made up the surrounding flesh and a portion of the tattered shroud that draped down the creature's back. I found myself growing transfixed by that flame, and it was a shove from Michael that woke me out of it. Outing, I threw the car into drive and spun out of the parking lot. Michael was understandably hysterical, and I was too, though I tried to keep control for both our sakes. We debated going to a hospital, a hotel, or home. We both quickly ruled out home until we had some time to calm down and make sure we wouldn't be followed farther. I pushed for the hospital, but Michael said he just wanted to get a room some ways away from the park and look at his arm before we made a decision on that. I thought about arguing farther, but given his state, I relented. I drove another 30 minutes and then pulled in at a decent looking motel. When we got into the room, I took him to the bathroom and we looked at his arm. I knew immediately we had made a mistake and he needed to go to a hospital. It looked like a small chunk had been ripped out of his arm, the edges of it ragged with small holes, as though the thing had been biting and raking its teeth into his flesh, trying to find a good purchase to tear apart free. The perimeter of the hole was also darker looking than it should be, with several sinister looking lines starting to push out from the wound itself. We have to get you to a doctor now. He was already starting to shake his head and I stopped him. No, not a conversation. You could have an infection or be poisoned and we'll be safer safer at a hospital than we are here. As the last words left me, I heard the front door of the room swing open. Leaning and looking out of the bathroom door, I saw the thing standing in the doorway, the lights in the room showing me more of it than before. I let out a scream and shoved the bathroom door shut, keeping my weight against it, but I knew it wouldn't be any real barrier to the thing. I knew I had locked the room door and put the chain on, but it had somehow walked in like those locks didn't exist. I looked for a bathroom window, but there was none. I had time to look into Michael's terrified eyes and see that he knew what was out there before the door was flung open and I was shoved out of the way and into the wall. Michael began to squeal like some kind of caught animal as the thing reached into the tiny room and grabbed him by the forearm, casually dragging him out despite my brother's desperate attempts to hold on to the sink and then the door frame. I got back up and launched myself past Michael and onto the creature's back. I dug my fingers into its flesh and then I gagged. The smell as I broke the surface of its skin was that of rotted meat and the texture of the material itself looked like some kind of hard wax. Pausing for a moment, its free arm bent backwards and grabbed me by the neck pulling me free from its back. It swung me around until I was facing it. I could distantly feel the hard rasp of teeth scraping the skin on the side of my neck eagerly without actually biting down, but my thoughts were preoccupied by its face. Any crude shapings or strange blunt lines of its body did not carry over into that face. There was a well-shaped long curving nose over thick, but tracheal lips that tipped upward at the ends as it looked at me. Its eyes were some kind of glowing stone, almost like large fire opals given some inner iridescence, flaring in time with the terrible sound it made deep in the back hollows of its throat. It was chuckling, it may. I was barely able to breathe, but I was going to try and plead for my brother and myself despite the cruelty and malignant pleasure I saw etched across its features. But then it flung me aside, sending me crashing through the front window of the room a moment before dragging Michael out the door. For a few seconds my world was flashes and noise and pain. I knew I needed to pull myself together to try again, but I couldn't make my body work right. Rolling over on my side, I saw the thing pulling Michael with him, the keening animal whale having dwindled to a defeated muffled groan. As I watched, I saw the thing and Michael sinking into the earth as they proceeded forward, almost as though they were walking into the tide of some earthen sea. I let out a scream and I saw Michael reach out his hand to me feebly a moment before they both disappeared into the ground. I lay on the concrete outside the room broken and bleeding for some time before anyone came out and called 911. I went to the hospital and the next day I had to tell my hysterical mother that I had somehow lost her son. I tried to tell people the truth of what happened, but they looked at me sympathetically and talked about head trauma and shock. So then I told the more palatable version of a man attacking us at our campsite and then the motel and that got some level of search parties and investigation, but of course, nothing was ever found. Two years have passed since that time and despite my own efforts, I've never found my brother. I've been back to those woods a dozen times but things are never as they were on that trip we took. I never see the ruins of that old house and Winter Lake is a small yellowed pond, not what we camp near on the night Michael was taken and I've never seen Candleheart again. I know he's called Candleheart by some because of the research I've done. There are very few references, even in the darker and more eccentric corners of the internet, but I found a forum post that described the legend of a monster with mouths on its hands that abducted and sacrificed people. The comments were rife with more random speculation and odd tales about rituals and what the motives of the monster really were but no one had anything verifiable or frankly very credible sounding. But there was one brief reply that caught my attention. Its name is Candleheart. It feeds the dark things of the earth for its own profit and waits for Winter's return. I tried to contact the poster but I never received any response and while the name Candleheart makes sense, I've never found another reference to it in relation to the monster. After a year of trying, I'm ashamed to say I gave up. It was too hard to keep living every day reliving what had happened to Michael looking for some clue or sign that might help him lying to myself more as time passed about the odds that he could still be okay or even alive. Within the last couple of months, life has started to feel less terrible not like it used to be but somewhat better. Therapy from me and mom has helped but most of it has been time. I realized last week I had gone an entire day without thinking about Michael and it made me both relieved and terribly sad. Then this morning, I opened my door to go to work and found the box. It was a thick, high quality cardboard though it was ragged in spots and had several stains along the top.  There was no writing or label so I was slightly leery of opening it at all but my curiosity and growing dread told me I had to know what was inside. When I took off the top and looked inside, I stopped breathing. The box contained Michael's face, not his literal face, but a yellowish mask of it, a death mask. My skin crawling, I reached out and touched its surface already knowing what I'd feel. It was made of wax and my God, it was screaming.


What's up navigation nation welcome to today's update today's Wednesday April 22nd starting with the tradehacker question of the day Are my short calls at risk of assignment if you are an option seller You need to understand the risk of assignment around dividends a lot of stocks pay a quarterly dividend as do Some ETFs so you need to know when those happen and and then if you do have short calls that are in the money You need to understand if those short calls are at risk of assignment meaning When they pay that dividend will you get assigned short shares of stock based on which short calls? You hold so we have an entire course about Assignment and and this is one of the things that we talk about And within the course we talk about and let's go to a dividend paying stock Let's just pick J&J Johnson and Johnson as an example and go to the options chain And let's say we were in the 23 day options and J&J came out and said they were you know posting their dividend Well in this case it shows here the X dividend a day is 522, but let's just say that that was Tomorrow and so today was the last day we could do something if we had short in the money calls Now what we teach in the course is that and the dividend is posted right here So they're gonna pay an expected dividend of one dollar and one penny per share And so what you can do is you can go to your put side and say, okay If the puts are above One dollar and one cents, so that would be like the 140 strike and higher All of those are not at risk of dividend assignment, but anything Lower than 140 is because the corresponding puts are Worth less than the projected dividend payout now the question is has to do with well Why do we look at the corresponding puts to determine if we're at risk of assignment? Think about it this way think about it logically a trader will never exercise an option if there's little or no Extrinsic value, okay And so the other way you can look at this is you can pull down this chart Under option theoreticals and Greeks and look at extrinsic we talked about intrinsic and extrinsic value last week in a video and what you'll see is that the Extrinsic value matches up pretty close with the value of the corresponding puts Okay, so there's that extrinsic value So if you look at that 140 strike you see the puts are valued at about 102 to 107 and the 140 extrinsic value on the call is a little over a dollar So that's why we just say as a shortcut you can just look at the value of the corresponding puts So if you had a 140 call in the money call short call and you looked at these corresponding puts You would say you know what? I need to either roll or close that out because I am at potentially risk of assignment if I have the 140 or Anything lower so hopefully that helps the corresponding put is just a shortcut to get an idea of what that Extrinsic value is because if there is a little or no extrinsic value Then the trader is not gonna exercise because it makes no financial sense. They make more if they if they don't exercise So hopefully that helps. I know it's kind of confusing if you're a new trader. Don't worry It'll it'll start to come to you once you've been doing it a while Let's jump into the Markets and see what's happening. We've got about an hour until the markets close big day up S&Ps up 64 YM up for 80 plus NASDAQ up 238 and the Russell up 14. So everything is pretty green today Couple things I wanted to mention is couple days ago. I mentioned the oil crisis going on With the slide and oil now oil is bouncing 22% today So making a little bit of a comeback But if you've tried to trade CL or if you've tried to trade the options on CL At least with TD Ameritrade you're getting rejected They're not even allowing you to open any new positions in the oil futures at this time So you can close trades if you already had a position on but no new positions can be open now I assume that's gonna it's a it's a risk to the broker if you get caught Which means they get caught, you know kind of holding the bag So it's a broker-to-broker thing But I know at TD Ameritrade that is a situation in fact I even asked for an exception with a sizable amount of capital and cash and they said no no no no So they're a little nervous right now, too. So they're kind of restricting what you can do in oil So what else is going on here? Gold's up almost 3% bonds are down a little bit. Natty gas up almost 7% So things are moving if we look at some of the notable stocks I mean almost everything is up.  They had leading up to earnings But after earnings, they're just down a little bit So like I said, you know, no matter how good you think they're doing The question is what's priced in and what's gonna shake out after earnings? And so even though they're doing awesome their stock is still down just slightly But the thing I really wanted to point out is look at the implied volatility I mean, yes, we're getting a little bit of implied volatility contraction after earnings But in no way is it our typical implied volatility crush that we get because there is still so much Uncertainty in the market So if you're selling premium around earnings be very very careful because you're not gonna get that crush that you're used to in a typical Normal earning cycle That's all I got everyone. Have a great day. We'll talk to you tomorrow


Priyapatta Rahulji, Peebitha, maya khalayi lullavare kelkandana bhagamayi taana ningalayi mevde kichshinichitulada The practices of this area and the people who are farming in this area have unique skills and capabilities These skills are of course of historical importance Sir, in Alapi, cultivation is done below sea level because it's a unique farming system Our forefathers have developed Silt is a blessing which increases productivity of soil but it becomes a curse when it do not allow water to go into the sea I'm sure that all the farmers will tell the problem that they face the problem of a saline infiltration the climate changes you very serious The land is sinking Professor Swaminathan's house is in needy water Our problem is in flood If we don't manage it properly nothing will happen in Kuttunath Thank you all for coming here today