A fiery horse with a speed of light, the cloud of dust and a hardy high old silver, the Lone Ranger. In early years of the western United States, the only means of fast travel were the stagecoach lines. But the trails they followed were rough and dangerous, and the passengers were faced with a constant threat of hold-ups by road agents and hostile Indians. It was not until the masked rider of the plane started his great fight for law and order that travel in the new territory became safe. It was he more than any other man who blazed the trail for progress and finally made possible the winning of the West. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. From out of the past come the thundering hoofbeats of a great horse, Silver. The Lone Ranger rides again. Come on, Silver! We're heading west to the precoach. I will silver! The Lone Ranger and Tonto, noticing increasing restlessness in Silver, decided that the big stallion needed a rest and they headed for the West and mustang mags ranch. From here on, we can follow the stage trail, Tonto. That's right. That'll save time and make traveling easier for Silver. Ah. The big fellow was more restless than ever last night. I'm afraid he's going to bolt and run away at the first opportunity. Maybe rest picks him. We see soon. I hope so. We've never known Silver to act this way. Why, I'd as soon expect you to leave me a Silver, Tonto. I... I wonder. Wonder what? If Silver would get over this spell of restlessness. He doesn't. Well, I don't like to think about that. Ah, that's right. Come on, Silver, old fellow. You'll stop at the stage station just ahead and you can drink. We need water, too. Well, we can fill our canteens there. That's right. Must be a stage, do you? Are you getting the mail bags ready? Fresh horses, too. Ah. There you are, Silver. Drink. Stage, come. Tonto, hear it. What's the matter, Silver? Scouts drinking? You should be thirsty, big fellow. Wait. Yes? Look, Silver, watch Corral. You see? Yes. What is it, fellow? Come on, then. I'll walk to the corral with you. Look, Silver's he cold. He's nuzzling the cold. All right, you. Stand where you aren't on move. You're covered, both of you. You're the station agent, aren't you? I am. Now, I got to take my hat off to you for one thing. You've got plenty of nerve to come here. We just stopped to water our horses. Yeah? Well, you stopped at the wrong place.  Oh, my mask. I should have thought about it when I stopped, Agent, but I've been concerned about my horse. Well, tell that to the judge that he is in your trial. Stage, come now. Stage will take care of itself. And what I said for the mask man goes for you too, Engine. I reckon the two of you were doggone interested in that stage, ain't ya? Why? I ain't answering questions. Just you stay right there and don't move. I'm watching you till they change horses and move on. Change your horses yourself, boys. I'm covering this humbrey. Look who you got, Maddie. Get them horses changed and get going while you've got the chance. I ain't taking no chances with an attempt to rescue the gent inside the stage. We'll let you up to the fresh horses, Maddie. Just keep that critter covered. We'll send the lawman to you from town. You've got the prisoner, ain't ya? Right. The marshal with you. I'm here, Maddie. I'm taking no changes. What prisoner are you talking about? You'll be quiet. Bad horse, there. Huh? Yes, they're having trouble with one of those horses, Agent. Look out there.  No. There's a woman on board that stage and she'll get hurt if the horses break loose.  Oh, they'll handle him. Look out there. That horse will break leather. Help, Maddie! Help! What's that horse? Here, Silver.  Hey, you! Come on, Silver. Get him there. Get him out. Get a rope on him. Here, Tonto. Catch this bridle. Steady, fellow. He got him. Here, I'll help. Great day. He almost got loose. There. Now he'll stay in place. Is the horse quieted for Keith? I don't think there'll be any more trouble. Now that the harness is on... Hey, Ginger, Mr. Ushua felt fast.  I had my gun on you. I might have fired. I forgot you had me covered. You could have took advantage of the chance to get the prisoner loose. Yes, but I tried to explain that I wasn't here to release a prisoner. You just saw my mask and leaped to conclusions. Yes, you was wrong, Maddie. Well, go on, driver. Go on your way. I sure will. If I change your mean, the guard will be downright glad when this stage load of dynamite on two legs is took to where it's going. Mr. Ushua's a mask. Yes? We owe you something. You say... Well, we might have been killed if those horses had run away. I'm glad it didn't happen. I'm going now. Go on, Maddie. Get back here. Come on. You might as well put up that gun, Maddie. Do you have any cause to arrest me?  Who was the prisoner with the Marshal? A critter by the name of Fleck, a non-recust, too. The law had a tough time getting him. Fleck? I've heard of him. Some of his gang is still free. The whole line has been warned to be on the lookout for a play to bust Fleck loose from the Marshal's custody. No wonder you pulled a gun on me. Well, I've seen the mask. Will we just stop for water? Well, help yourself. Take all you want. I guess I'll go back to my duties.  Ton and I are heading west. We'll pass the stage and watch along the trail. We may find some sign of these men you're thinking we'll try to rescue Fleck. Say, if you do that... We will. If we see any sign of them, we'll double back and warn the Marshal. That'd be right fine. But listen, mister, them pals are Red Fleck ain't kittens. They're full-grown wildcats. They'd sooner fight with guns than eat. I understand. And they're sly ones, too. They'll shoot from ambush sooner than take chances in a fair fight. Very well. We'll watch for them. Come, Tutto. Me ready.  Scout! Adios! Adios! Come on, Silver. The great horse Silver set a fast pace down the trail until last the stage was reached. And after a shattered warning to the Marshal, the masked man and the Indian raced on ahead hoping to spot the ambush laid by Fleck's men. Finally, they slowed their horses to a walk. The stage is a good five miles behind us now, Kimosabi. Not right. That was Fleck on the stage. I recognized him. Ah. That Marshal shouldn't take chances like this. He shouldn't try to guard a man like Fleck alone. Guard with rifle on stage alongside driver. He could be picked off with the first shots from ambush. So could the driver. Ah. Marshal shouldn't let the girl ride on the stage either. There's a gun fight. She might get hurt. Wait. Yes. Maybe Tutto see something.  You look long trail. She'll lie from sun. Look on left. I don't see anything. Bird there. Him fly. You see? I see a bird flying, yes. What about it? Tutto, no habitat bird. Something in brush near trail. How's that? Bird got baby bird in nest and ground. Yes. And men near nest. Mother bird not like. Mother bird frayed for baby. You think there are men concealed in that underbrush? Not what Tutto think. Wait here then. I'll go ahead and have a look. No, Tutto go. You wait. I'd rather go. I'll go on foot and break through the underbrush here. Perhaps I can get close enough to see who's there without being seen. Silver! Silver! Silver, come here! Silver! Come back fellow! Him go away! Silver! The great white horse jerked the reins from the lone ranger's hand and raced toward the west. The masked man and Tutto watched him. And then... Me go after Silver. Tutto, I hardly... I don't know what to do. Me go after Silver. The marshal on the stage must be warned. If you ride after Silver, you can't ride back and warn the marshal of those men in ambush. Silver got long start. Maybe never find him. Tutto, go after him. But I think... All right, Tutto. Go after Silver. I've thought of a way to help the marshal. Go after Silver, Kimosabe. Get him up scouts! But Tutto and the lone ranger weren't the only ones watching the great white horse as he broke away from his master and raced toward the west. For close to them in a thick patch of underbrush sat Wacker and Steve, two of Fleck's outlaw companions. They're all going to our dunes on a part of them two men, Steve. Yeah, and now the Redskins gone after the horse that flashed past here without a rider. What do you make of it? I don't know, Wacker. I don't know what to make of it. Well, it is none of our business know-how. We haven't but one thing to think about and that's to get enough Fleck off and at their stage. You sure he's on it? Maybe he isn't. But I get it on good authority that he is. We'll find out soon. Yeah. And if he isn't, the morsher won't be there neither. That'll make the stage so much easier to stop. Yeah. Wait, Wacker. Well, you're going, Steve. Just stick it in my head out far enough to take a look up the trail. Don't get seen. Ain't nobody around here to see us. You sure? Sure. No sign of the stage yet? No. But I see a man on foot. Yeah. He's heading the other way from here. Heading east. Steve, how can that be? Why? Well, he didn't pass. He's gone east. No. Oh, then where'd he come from? Fleck always said you never used your head. He's right. He ain't using it now. I asked you a question. He didn't pass here because he'd come from the other way. He'd come from Grant's Pass. Then his horse got away so he's footing it back to the pass to get another horse. Well, you'll have it done right long hikes a long ways. Still, it's nearer than any place towards the west where he could get another horse. Yeah. He's keeping right on going. He didn't even look back. Oh, that white horse was sure a humdinger. Finest I ever seen. I'd like for it to own a beast like that. Me too. Yeah, what you're watching? The same thing. That home bray without the horse? Yeah. Wacker, maybe we should do something about him. Like what? Well, maybe go and capture him and have a talk. What for? Might get the lay of the land east of here. Maybe he'd be able to tell us if he passed a stage coming this way. You say I never used my head. You do the thinking. Yeah. Then if what we do is wrong, it'll be you that'll have made the mistake. Further back on the trail was the stage and inside the marshal was explaining to Jean how he had first recognized the lone ranger. Well, I heard him call that friend of his turtle.  Yes, Miss Jean. That's when I knew it was a lone ranger. He was wonderful. Was? He still is. You haven't heard anything about him yet, Miss Jean? Well, I have. Yeah, Rick and you have, Flick. You and all the other outlaws in the country have plenty of reason to have heard about the lone ranger. I wish I'd known at the time who he was. Why, Miss? Oh, I don't know. I would have liked to have talked to him. Yeah, Rick and you would have. Rick and lots of girls would. Oh. But not many get the chance. You don't stay long for talking. I'd like to have a meeting with him. Yeah, yes, he's sort of bashful around ladies, Miss Jean. I see. If I have the chance, though... Scared of ladies. Flick, you keep your lip buttoned. You're only here because you gotta be, not because we admire having your company. The lone ranger. Flick and Savvy, where, man, if you were a breed, wouldn't like the lone ranger yet.  Look sharp, guard. Look sharp. What's the matter now? Flick, one move and I'll shoot you first. What are you stopping for, driver? Marshal, behead. What is it? There's a man sprawl there. Looks like he's hurt. He's masked. What? That's a man? That's the lone ranger. Mercy, goodness, what's happened to him? The curtain falls on the first act of our lone ranger's story. Before the next exciting scenes, please permit us to pause for just a few moments. How to continue our story. With Tonto in pursuit of silver, the lone ranger had walked back to meet the stage in the warner to the ambush ahead. But half an hour later, the stage driver rained up before the figure of a man sprawled face up on the trail. A masked man, quickly identified as the lone ranger himself. That's the man I was speaking about, the lone ranger. Marshal, what have they done to him? Wrecking the lone ranger isn't so great after all. He don't look so big sprawled in the trail that way. New ornery outlaw, Flake. If that man is dead, it's your part that done it. Yeah? Well, driver, that's a matter that calls for proof. Just make sure these ropes are tight. The rope on your neck will hurt more in a week or so. He didn't try to bust my arm. Just keep your gun handy good. Watch your sides. Will I make sure he don't get free when I have a look at the lone ranger? There. Hope you're satisfied. There you go. Least wise, the murder of the lone ranger is one thing you can't blame on me. There, phone you already. It's your parts we want. We'll get him. I'm going to the mask, man. Now, wait, Miss Dean. You finish to hear in the stage. No. If he's alive, perhaps I can help him. I'll go along. Stay there in the stage, guard. You too, driver. Keep an eye out for a trick. The crooks may have left the lone ranger there just to make sure we'd stop. Ain't no way they could be more sure we'd stop. There. There doesn't seem to be any sign of a wound. Yeah, tell better women close up. No sign of his horse, neither. That's right. I wonder where that big white stallion is at. I don't know. Perhaps, what is his name, Silver? Silver. Perhaps he ran away when the man was hurt. It ain't like what's been told about Silver. Well, we'll have a look see. Marshall, listen closely. He did, anyway. I'm not hurt. I want you to listen to me. Huh? Not hurt? You're not hurt at all? No. Look about you. Do you see any sign of anyone? No one but the crook in the stage and the garden driver. Very well. But I don't say be you here, flat on your back. Silver broke loose. Tell those after him. Tell you more about that later. Yeah, but what do you like this for? Why did you...? Flex friends might be able to see us and drop tears if I've been poisoned or been suddenly taken violently ill. I want those men to think I'm helpless. Yeah? But you're not? I'm all right. Then flicks parts are cruised by? I think they are. Not sure, but I'm counting on Tony's observations. What are we to do? Marshall, can you lift me? Uh, recon so. Lift me into the stage. Speak for flex benefit about the sudden illness. Yeah, very savvy. Then I have Miss Jean right on top of the garden driver. Understand? Yeah. Do what he says, Marshall.  You got a scheme of some sort? Yes. If someone stops the stage, there has to be no fighting. Understand that? No fighting. If the girl's on top, the outlaws won't shoot. I'll do whatever you see, Lone Ranger. I'd sure hate like thunder to have flicked it out of my hands. It's a... She's sure way plenty. Can you manage? Yeah, I'll manage. I might be able to help. You just get the door of the stage open, Miss Jean. Hold on, Marshall. I'll help you with a mask, man. They can manage. Well, so the high and mighty's been locked out, huh?  What's happened to them? Someone get them at last? You ride all right there. Can you get up on the seat, Miss Jean? Yes. Give me your hand, please. I'll pick them, Miss. You're riding with us, eh? Driver, if there's any sign of trouble, stop the stage and hold your hands up. No fighting. We're to let some crooks get away with sticking us up. Yep. And not even give them a fight? Nope. Don't surrender on my account. You heard what he said, driver. You two guys. Uh, well, all right, then. Well, get on board now. They can go on ahead. I like the girl for company better than this mask, Amri. Let's take the mask off and see what he looks like, Marshall. You ain't in a position to choose your company, Flick. Maybe I will be. Pretty doggone soon. Get going, driver. As the stage rolled on with a girl riding on top and the lone ranger pretending to be helpless inside, Quacker and Steve held to their cover beside the trail and waited for the stage to come into sight. Quacker doubted the wisdom of allowing the lone ranger to escape. I don't know why we let that masked man get away, Steve. We should have done something to him.  Maybe you'll make trouble for us some day. Then you'll be sorry we let him go. He might have made more trouble if we'd have showed ourselves to be in hiding here and he'd got a way to warn the stage about us. Hey. Huh? Listen. I hear it. Stage is coming at last. That's about time. Now, what do we do? Just shoot the garden driver first off? Get your shooting iron ready. Yeah, I am. You take the guard. I'll take the driver and make the first shot count. I don't miss. If you do, you won't get the chance for a second shot. Let's look out and see where the stage is at now. Careful. There she comes. Dog on the garden driver. Hey, look! Is that a girl on the seat? Take no one else. Blast our confounded bad luck. We can't shoot at the girl. Well, we just have to get the drop on them. That's a fine thing. Get ready now. The first sign of anything funny, shoot. Yeah. Rain up. Rain up there. Hold up, and we start shooting. Whoa! Whoa! Not there! Whoa! Whoa! Whoa! Whoa! What's this mean? Please don't shoot. You're covered. The first sign of a gun drawn, and we'll let you have it. We ain't carrying nothing of value. Save your breath. We know what you're carrying. It's all right, boys. I've told the marshal what he's to do. He's letting me loose, so you don't shoot the girl. Hi, boss. It's good to hear you. Stay right there. I've got the marshal's gun. Hooray for you, boss. Come on, boss. We've got everyone covered. If the marshal tries to stop you, yell, and we'll shoot. He's getting out now. You crooks, you'll be captured sooner or later. You wait and see. The boss is covering the marshal. Back and away from the stage, Steve. He even got the marshal's gun. Don't talk so much, Whacker.  Yeah. Whip up those horses and get them moving before we change our minds. Thanks. Come on now. Get up now. Come on, boss. You can forget the law now. We sure worked that downright slick. Not even a shot fired. You're leaving back from the road now, Flick. We still got guns trained on the stage. All right. Hey, this ain't... What the... You... Oh, my hand! Look out! City, I'll shoot some more if you make me. It's a mass, man. No, don't shoot.  We ain't got guns. You like to bust my hand. I give up. Just let me bandage my hand. That's all I'm asking. Your hand doesn't need a bandage. The bullet just hit your gun. You tricked us. Yes, you had it coming to you. I'll turn your face to that tree while I put some ropes on you. It was a trick and we fell for it. This is the way things come up when you use your head for thinking, Steve. Look, mister, we can make it worthwhile if you leave us being here. There's nothing you can do to make me set you free. He's dressed just like the boss. Flick was just as surprised as you. He thought I was badly hurt or sick. You switched clothes with him. So you'd think I was Flick when I backed from the stage. Now give him back his vest and head as soon as I have the chance. You got us, mister, only look. Ain't there some way we can talk things over? I don't want to hang. Cute people do. I ain't like Flick. I ain't a killer. I never killed in all my life. Don't let him hang. Quiet. There's one chance for you to escape hanging. Yeah? Tell the law all you know about Flick. And show where some of the loot of your crimes is hidden. And the jury might let you off of life in jail. Life? But I don't want to spend my life in jail. You thought about that too late. There. I think those ropes will hold you. It worked, mister. Yes, and both. Oh, I was so frightened when I heard the shot. Take them in the stage, Marshal. Now you'll have all three of the crooks to turn over to the sheriff. Brad Juniper, this is a great day's work. I sure wish there was something we could do to repay you. I do too. But there ain't anything anyone can do to repay their own ranger. You're wrong, Marshal. Hey. I want to ask a favor. Well, there ain't no knownest man in the west that wouldn't be glad to do what you say. You see... I don't know what to say. I don't know what to say. I don't know what to say. I don't know what to say. I don't know what to say. You see, I need a horse. Silver has run away. Gully. I can take the stage the rest of the way one horse shy. I'll unhitch one, Pronto. Hey, notice that silver horse back in town. He was skittish then. Yes. Pronto's gone to try and overtake him, but I... I'm afraid Silver won't be overtaken. Say, speaking of Silver... Yes? I noted another horse that was a mighty lot like him. That is a good ways west of here. You did? Yeah, it couldn't have been yours because you was with Silver then. This one wasn't pure white, neither. Oh, what was there like about him then? It was most white. Just one black spot, a star in the middle of the forehead. By crickety, it was the prettiest-looking horse I ever seen in all my life. Youngish one, too. About a two-year-old. Wild? Wild as they come. I had a notion of trying to catch that horse, but when I seen it run... Well, I thought at that time that there was a horse that come closest to anything I'd ever seen to being like the lone ranger Silver Horse. And Silver was nuzzling a colt. I have an idea what took Silver away from me. Look, here comes your Indian friend. Tonto, don't have your horse within me. Oh, I wonder if we'll ever see Silver again. Tonto, what news? Silver not far. Tonto see him turn north, then turn back. Him not far, but Tonto not get him. I'll go with you then. Perhaps together we can get Silver. The driver's going to let me borrow a horse. I'll get it right away. Tonto, the driver saw another horse. I think our Silver has a son. Oh, him go back to Wild Horse Valley or him leave mate long time back. Yes. The colt would have grown by this time. I'd be about a two-year-old. Look, there on top of that hill. There's a white horse there. He's standing, watching down here. Silver. The beauty of him. Wind blowing that white mane and tail. His neck arched. The snow white against the sunset. Why, he's like a picture. A painting or a statue. Him take look. Long look at good friend. Maybe, maybe you can call to him. Maybe you won't need a horse from the stage now. Yes, Matt not do good. Silver there only to say goodbye. Silver. He heard you. Look at him standing there. Now he's looking toward the sunset. The valley beyond the hill. Many miles beyond the hill. Silver. Oh, that beautiful animal. He's torn between two loves. He's come in a few steps. Now he's stopped again. Call again. I, I don't want to call again. Perhaps someday. Now, if Silver wants to go, I, well, he's been a grand horse. I believe he knows someone is waiting for him beyond the hill. All right, Silver, old boy. We'll meet again, someday. Oh, did you see him? Why, it, it looked as if the sun just swallowed him. Silver.


What's up everyone? It's your girl Kenzie here from Leighton Sports Cards, and I am ripping a couple personal boxes here for Kyle P We've got two of the 2022 two Two of the 2022 top scrum F1 racing hobbies. All right. Good luck Kyle. Here we go He says one at one time. Haven't pulled one yet. It'd be sick. Let's see a super So Mike, how's it going? Let's see a super don't believe anyone's pulled a super yet out of F1, I mean we pulled the one-on-one printing play, but I want to pull it super who knows Blake grab these boxes. So It's possible Mercedes I'm doing good. How's the fam Leclerc and signs? was he? I didn't see any pictures Fracture of Carlin think we're do I agree we've got refracto refracto Fracture Sergio Perez. I Mean that would be the name of the car Sergio refractor refracto Got refractor Sergio Perez Let's go Red and green Vettel and shawl Williams refractor and green future stars of Marino Sato for virtuosity. That is 20 of 99 Speed demons ghastly. I've got a pink coming up Charles Leclerc on the refractor and pink Daniel Ricardo from McLaren 20 out of 75 yeah Alexander obon refractor Yeah, everyone four starts group breaks starting at four so we got 3 p.m. Sharp cut off here for stopping in Perez So again, if I don't get to your personal today, it will go tomorrow night for Monday night personal So you're working tomorrow for us or is that Sam? With force tomorrow Mercedes refractor Daniel Ricardo refractor and we've got purple Lewis Hamilton award winners There you go Kyle that is 270 out of 399 nice Hamilton Dude, we literally did it Did you see who the name was no Lewis Hamilton on the checkered flag? Well, you asked for one Kyle. They've got red and green Carlos signs nice one there Red and green is the shortest print two-colored parallel So nice one there. We've got both costs and Joe. We've got a one-of-one printing plate Oh George oh, it's not an auto.  That's sick. Wow That is very nice. We'll mag this one for you Kyle Yeah, we pulled who was it I already forgot we pulled an auto printing plate earlier enough to Sergeant sergeant sergeant. That's who was nice one there Kyle. That's a good racer to get Backs Russell's my favorite heck. Yeah Sergio Perez I'm gonna pull a super. I don't think we've fallen yet. Have you All right, super out of this box second box you're free Kyle Nice the paper version the 25. So what the orange? That's super sick Kyle the glaring refractor Yep, we ordered a we Open at baseball cards Ball basketball, so nice. We've got a joke on you on the rookie refractor For F1, I don't believe so No, no none tonight the next group break of F1 is gonna be Tuesday night Tuesday because tomorrow night. It's personal. We've got checkered flag max for stopping and speed them in speed demons Carlos signs Um, I have one baseball box in queue. Yes, I've got a five star baseball coming up here refractor Kevin Magnuson Auto time now, let's pull you an auto. Let's do it Oh any sport he got to Latifi and Albonne he originally got the prison racing, but we don't have it so he ordered another box Yep group breaks start at four with fours tonight along George Russell refractor He's got a couple breaks of Star Wars chromed galaxy. That's a random letter break refractor art Grand Prix the art or ART Yeah, oh Orange and red George Russell. There you go Kyle. Nice another Orange and red very nice. We've got Orlando Norris in Ricardo Fractor alpha Romeo First break magic dude You have another printing plate, let's hope it's an auto this time checkered flag of both us Yeah future stars purple and green of vesti Speed demons Esteban O'Conn One-on-one printing plates of I can't read it Yuki Sonoda there you go Wow to one of one Wow back-to-back boxes with printing plates. There you go Kyle Crazy crazy will mag that one for you too man. Can crack on that Wow Max for stopping this gold No purple. We've got Kailin Williams on the purple checkered flag That is 135 of 199 Of course Kyle thanks for hopping in Buying two boxes this paid off, huh rather than the prism racing you got speed demons Latifi You got a gold checkered flag coming up. Lando Norris driver of the day refractor gold George Russell checkered flag four out of fifty Geez Kyle you're on a George Russell like Streak right now. You got to go for the rainbow now You already got the one of one now. You got the gold checkered flag Mag that one for you too.  It's not a bad thing Kyle Got refractor of Alonso and O'Conn Aston Martin and last pack here for you. I've got a purple to end it off Fernando Alonso refractor and purple Daniel Ricardo from McLaren 35 out of 399 Fantastic two-box break there for you Kyle. Thanks again for your patience and for waiting and we'll get these right out to you


Hello, I'm Neil. Welcome back to the Happy Huts. Thanks for clicking on this video. I'm making this video because I've just found out something that it looks really obvious but it took me a bit of hunting around to find out how to do it. I wanted to know how do you find a comment that you have left on someone else's video way back in the past?  All I wanted to do was to just track down and find a comment that I have left on someone else's video and the answer is really easy. It's embarrassingly easy but it did take me a while to work this out. So I'm sharing this in case you're in that position. All you need to do is to firstly go into your history, your YouTube history and you'll find that here. Let's look at the YouTube homepage. This is how it looks in 2020. I'm hoping this will still work in 2021 and 2022. The basic principles of this. If you click on the three lines in the top left hand corner of your YouTube homepage, that's youtube.com, you'll see it brings down this expanded menu and then you want to go down to the option marked history. So we'll click on that and it's opened up my history and goodness it could have been a lot more embarrassing but it's just some behind-the-scenes videos from Ferris Beal and Stay Off. One of my favourite movies. So now we're in my watch history, your watch history but look on the right hand side there are all these other options that I've never even noticed before. There's history types, there's your watch history, there's your search history and then the next option down is comments and these are all my comments I've left on other people's videos and you can see in chronological order every single comment that you have ever left on YouTube. I leave a lot of comments because I think it's a good thing to do to let someone know that you've seen their video and you appreciate the video. Hint? There's comments below this video if you want to say hi or if you want to let me know if this video has helped you but also I like replying to comments that have been left on my channel where possible. There's also an option right at the bottom there manage all activity and that opens up everything you've done on YouTube again in order and I think you can search it there but if you just went to the quick way of going through the comments that you have left on other people's videos just just to recap go to the history the history option in your main menu from home on the main YouTube page and click on comments and you can scroll through everything you've ever left. Also just one final hints there's on watch history you can actually search your watch history so if I type in Ferris Bueller it brings up every video I've ever watched about Ferris Bueller. So I hope this is what you were looking for it's quite a short video but if it has helped why not click on the comments and say hi. If you've reached this point of the video it'll be really helpful to me if you're able to hit the thumbs up button so that other people could find this video as well or if you're feeling even kinder why not hit the subscribe button you never need watch any of my videos ever again but every subscription helps take me closer to the hallowed goal of ten thousand subscribers I don't think I'll ever hit it but we're going to keep going so thanks if you're able to help out there and good luck with your commenting on YouTube. Can you please help my daddy get 1000 subscribers just clicking on space. Thanks bye. How was that?


Jack in the box is finally bringing out value now We own this stock and sold a fraction alerts because they we kept thinking they'd bring out value and bring out value And we thought they bring out value during when chipotle had all its problems and they didn't and we ended up not selling it Well, I you know, I have an act I have an actual or conference for I could have added that too I like to talk about what I do wrong just because everybody always says hey listen Why don't you ever talk about what you do wrong? You can learn from it And I that's how I I react to it But now with Cadova down 5% they're finally gonna spin it off yet can help the price They didn't do it the right time, but I like the fact that they're trying to bring out value


The management of South Dakota's grazing lands is paramount to the healthy functioning of our soil and water resources. Sound management practices not only lead to economic but ecological sustainability, while improper management reduces the resources capacity to function and can lead to the invasion of non-native species. Recently, conservationists have been studying the effects that management has on soil properties such as infiltration and the results have been dramatic. I'm Stan Bolts. I'm the State Range Management Specialist here in South Dakota with the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. We've come out here today to look at a difference between these different sites of grassland. On the other side of the fence, we have one of the common grazing systems that you see out here, basically what we call a continuous season-long grazing. What you have is a real uniform plant community, blue grandma, Kentucky bluegrass, not a whole lot of diversity. And as you can see on the west side of the fence here, we have a very high diverse plant community, very productive. We've got big blue stem, western wheatgrass, and a lot of forbs coming in as well. So the diversity on the west side of the fence is much higher as well as the productivity and the health and vigor of the plants are much higher as well. Both sides of the fence will grow beef, so you can graze both sides and get production on beef. However, the sustainability on that side of the fence is not as high, the productivity is lower, and also the palatability. With the diversity of species, you're going to have different things greening up at different times of the season, and so that provides higher palatability throughout the growing season. Whereas on that side of the fence, with the uniform plant community, you get one shot when things green up and then the palatability goes down. So while you can grow beef on that side of the fence, you're not going to do as well as you are on this side of the fence where you have higher diversity, higher productivity, and by and large higher palatability throughout the season. So that's some of the things we see above ground. As a result of grazing management, you're going to see changes below ground as well. And one of the things that we look at is infiltration to kind of test and see what changes have occurred below ground in the soil. So the first thing we want to do is clip off the grass. So we're looking right at the soil surface and water running on that instead of through a whole bunch of grass. What we're going to do is we're going to drive an infiltration ring into the ground and then put some water into it. And basically it amounts to one inch of water, and we will time that so we can see how long it takes for the water to go in. So we basically start with this ring here and drive it into the ground. So what we do now is we basically just put a piece of saran wrap in the ring to hold the water up until we're ready to start the timer and start the water running. And then we have pre-measured 440 milliliters of water, which in the six inch ring equals one inch of water going into the ground. Pull that out, let the water start to go, start the timer. And you don't want to leave because it goes in pretty fast on this range line. So that's about it right there. 10.1 seconds. Okay, we're going to take the ring out of the ground and take a look at what we see under the ground after running that inch of water into it. So after putting an inch of water in there, you can see that the soil structure, moisture came all the way down through here. And it's wet, you can see the moisture here. You can see that the great root structure coming down through here. The soil structure is also very crumbly and very good quality soil structure. But we'll take a look at the profile as well and see what it looks like. So we can see the amount of litter and organic matter right at the surface of the soil. Right away, you can see this granular structure throughout the surface of the soil. And what that shows us is that we have tremendous soil aggregate stability in that soil. And that's really what allows that, that in poor space allows that infiltration to go into the ground so well. The soil aggregates here are held together by a protein called glomalin, which is basically a byproduct of mycorrhizal fungi in the soil. And that's what helps to hold the soil particles together and create such great soil structure here. We often see good granular structure on grassland soil across the state. The better the management, the deeper that is and the better the infiltration and the lower the runoff will be. And so this is just a great example of that. Also you can see the tremendous roots going down through this profile and continuing on. And so now we're going to jump across the fence here, look at the east side of the fence where we have a very low diversity plant community. Productivity is much lower and you will see as we look on that side of the fence that we've also, the grassland over there has been converted to cropland. And we're going to look at the grassland part of it, but we're going to look at the same things on that side of the fence and see how those things change as we change management. We've jumped across the fence here now we're on the east side of the fence and we're looking at a totally different plant composition here. We've changed that composition quite a bit. We have a sand drop seed, blue grama, there's some Kentucky bluegrass in here and some crusted. You can see the stature of the plants is decreased as well. And often times what you see above the ground will be a reflection of what's underground too as far as the root structure goes. So right now we're just going to go ahead and clip the area and set the infiltration ring and we're going to see how fast the water infiltrates on this side of the fence. Alright, so we've got that ring in about the right amount there. We're going to add an inch of water to this soil profile and start the clock and see how long it takes to infiltrate that inch of water. And some have said as much as 150 to 200 pounds per acre of production will be lost with every inch of water that runs off the soil. So this infiltration matters quite a bit in terms of how productive the rangeland will be and it ties into the bottom line, the economics of an operation as well. So we've run through and it took seven minutes and three seconds to get that inch of water into this soil profile. Quite a bit different from the more diverse rangeland, the higher conditioned rangeland where it only took ten seconds to infiltrate that inch of water. So let's go ahead and take this ring out of the ground and see what the soil looks like underneath it. So I think you can see here really that most of this profile down here is still dry. As compared to the other one we had water completely through the surface, the bottom surface of the ring. We've got a little bit of water over here but you can also see that there really is very few pores in this subsoil here. It looks like it's entirely filled with soil basically. That doesn't allow for the water to come through very well. Let's see if we can push this out and see what it looks like on the inside. In comparison to the good conditioned rangeland we do still see some granular structure up here near the surface. But we don't see it going down all the way through the small profile we have right here. Another thing you can kind of see is right in here is this platey, these layers of soil that are going more sideways than up and down. There's a good example right there. The soil breaks apart in the horizontal layers as opposed to the blocky structure we had down further or the granular structure. That is due to some compaction going on. That is mostly due to a long history of heavy livestock grazing that has caused that compaction below the surface there. That contributes to poor infiltration as well. You can just see that that nice granular structure that we had all the way through the profile across the fence is just not there. Our aggregate stability has been lost as well and the soil pads just kind of melt together into one big blob. All these things contribute to poor infiltration and increased runoff. As well you can tell that we don't have the rooting going down even below the ring hardly. We have a few roots coming down below that level of the ring but most of the roots that are there are compacting the surface. That kind of adds to reduced infiltration as well. On the good condition range on the other side of the fence we had much better soil structure, much better infiltration. We went from 10 seconds on the good condition range to over here we had 7 minutes. That is a tremendous difference. Every minute that goes by is another inch of rain that is going to run off the land and not come down into the soil profile and grow grass. What that basically boils down to is more infiltration, more production and that relates to longer term economic and ecological sustainability. Right within this same field we have some land that was recently converted to cropland. The grassland was sprayed out and the crop was planted right into that grass. We are going to see what has happened in the last 9 months since this got converted to cropland. Even though they didn't till it we will see what effect the cropping and killing of the grass has had on this soil right here. We are going to go ahead and pound a ring into the ground and see what happens with our inch of water. We are going to pull out the cellophane napkin, start the timer and see how long it takes for that inch of water to go into this recently converted cropland. We have let this run its course and our water has finally infiltrated. Looks like we ended up with 31 minutes and 13 seconds that it took for it to infiltrate on this recently converted cropland. So we have completed our infiltration test here. We have run samples, ran an inch of water in all three of these conditions that we have looked at. The good range condition on the west side of the fence. The poorer range condition that still remains on the east side of the fence. And now on this recently converted cropland that they sprayed out the grass and planted corn. So on the good condition range we had 10 seconds. On the poorer condition range we had 7 minutes. And on this recently converted cropland we had 31 minutes, over 31 minutes. We will have a tremendous difference in grassland production on range land that's in good condition. We will have much more production where you're infiltrating more water into the ground and each inch of water can grow as much as 150 to 200 pounds of grass. So every inch you're getting in the ground is going to make that range, that grassland, that much more productive. But what does that mean in terms of runoff? All that water that we're running off that we're not infiltrating into the soil is going downstream into the Missouri River and running off the landscape. We're not storing that water here on the landscape, we're actually moving that water off the landscape. Not only that but we're moving nutrients in the soil from the soil to keep the plants healthy and the ecosystem sustainable. So we're taking that wealth of the soil and moving it to a farmstead or some other place and losing it from the soil. These infiltration rings are something that a person can do to evaluate these conditions on your own land. A lot of the changes that occur in soil, a lot of the parameters that we can measure take time to change. This individual characteristic infiltration responds very rapidly to changes in management. I mean these kind of tests on your own land can give you a really good idea of how your management is affecting the soils and the plant communities out here. Another thing that you can look at is the soil profiles on these different management extremes from the good range management to this range that has been recently converted to cropland. So we have over here a couple soil profiles and we want to take a look at those and how visually changes occur in that soil profile due to management. So we'll take a look at this. This profile here on this side is from that good condition range land. This over here is right from nearby where we're sitting right now in the cropland. The effects that you're going to see on these soil profiles really are from the grazing management in the past. Rotational grazing on the west side of the fence and continuous season long grazing. The differences we see here on these soils that are basically the same has occurred because of grazing management. You can see on this where we've had good grazing management, again you can see the granular structure pretty deep on this one here and we really don't have it over here. You can see the dark mollet colors going down quite a bit further into the profile and even continuing, albeit lighter, they continue on down whereas over here it turns white right about in here and much more quickly than it does over here. So we've got organic matter coming down deeper in the profile than over here that's been continuous season long graze. The aggregates or the peds in the profile here are smaller and more blocky. What we have over here, the peds are almost more massive in a way, larger. It would appear that there's not as many pores within or among those peds over here that we see over here on the good condition range land. Another thing I think you can see is roots that are extending further down into the profile than you have over here. Thirty to fifty percent of the roots in a grassland system die off each year and have to be replaced. With good healthy grass plants growing above ground, that's pretty easy for them to do. When you have poor condition range and continuous season long grazing like we've had for many years on this side over here, you lose those roots over time. They cannot keep up with that turnover of roots. So essentially what we have here is a retention of that organic matter in this part of the profile from about 12 inches down to 24 inches. That's where we see the starkest difference in these two profiles. Over here, this is where the big color change occurs in that subsoil down here where you've lost those roots further down that have died off. Here they're still alive and still recycling that organic matter and replenishing it in the soil. So we've looked at a number of different characteristics of the soils, the plant communities, and how that changes with different management over space and time, essentially. We've gone from good condition range across the fence here to poor condition range, and then taking that already over grazed range, if you will, and converting it to cropland, filling the grass and planting a crop into that. So we've seen changes in infiltration, changes in the plant community and the structure and the composition, changes in production, and also changes definitely in the soil, in the infiltration, in the structure of the soil of different layers and how that impacts runoff and infiltration, taking it all the way to looking at a soil profile and the changes in organic matter and structure throughout that profile. Studies like these show that infiltration is significantly impacted by the management practices being implemented on the land. Increased infiltration resulting from better management means the water that falls on an operation will benefit that operation. Changes in management don't have to be drastic to have a positive influence on infiltration and ultimately improve your natural resources and your bottom line. I encourage you to learn ways to improve your soil health, increasing infiltration, being selfish about the rainfall that falls on your farm or ranch.