Today, we're very pleased to bring you the latest in E4C's 2015 webinar series, and we'll focus today on the topic of future-proofing water systems in developing countries. Today's webinar was developed in collaboration with Improved International and the Water Collective, and you'll hear about both of those organizations shortly. My name is Yana Aranda, and I will be one of the moderators for today's webinar. When I'm not doing this, I work with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, as well as Engineering for Change, where I am a senior program manager in our Engineering for Global Development Department. Now, before we move on to our presenters, we thought it would be a good idea to remind you about E4C and who we are. We are a global community of over 800,000 people worldwide, such as engineers, technologists, representatives from NGOs and social scientists who work together to solve humanitarian challenges faced by communities around the world. Examples of those include access to potable water, off-grid energy solutions, effective health care, agriculture, sanitation, and other interventions. We invite you to join E4C by becoming a member. E4C membership provides cost-free access to a growing inventory of field-tested solutions and related information from all the members of our coalition, as well as access to a passionate, engaged community working to make people's lives better all over the world. Registration is easy and it's free. Check out our website, www.engineeringforchange.org, to learn more and to sign up. The webinar you're participating in today is one installment of the Engineering for Change webinar series, a free publicly available series of online seminars showcasing the best practices and thinking of leaders in the field. Information and upcoming installments in the series, as well as archive videos of past presentations, can be found on our webinar's page and you see the URL there. If you're following today on Twitter, I'd also like to invite you to join us in this conversation with our dedicated hashtag, hashtag E4C webinars. E4C's next webinar will be on March 25th, at 10 am Eastern Standard Time with Joseph Fernandez of Trade with Our Borders. Our topic will be Accessing the Bottom of the Pyramid, Practically Managing Global Supply Chains for the Base of the Pyramid. Visit the E4C webinars page for registration details. If you're already an E4C member, we'll be sending you an invitation to the webinar directly. I hope you'll join us, it'll be a really exciting one. Now, a few housekeeping items before we get started. On this period, you're now seeing there are a number of different widgets on the dashboard at the bottom. The group chat is where you will interact with your fellow attendees and post any comments about the webinar. Use the Q&A widget to submit any questions to the presenter. 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We are so excited to have all of you join us today. It's always thrilling to see the different participants from around the world. Welcome to you all. Now, just a reminder again that you can use the group chat to type in any remarks that you have and interact with your fellow attendees. If you want to know the weather that's currently in Manisha, India, feel free to ask. You don't forget to use the Q&A window to type your questions to the presenter. That enables us to keep track of all the questions. If you encounter any troubles viewing or hearing the webinar, you may want to try opening Webcast Elite up in a different browser. Also, feel free to access the help widget for technical help. I'll follow the webinar to request a certificate of completion showing one professional development, our PDH, for this session. Please follow instructions at the top of our webpage and you see the URL listed on the slide right now. Also, please make sure to take a moment to fill out our short survey. Your opinions are invaluable to the webinar series. Without your comments and suggestions, the webinar series wouldn't be what it is today. Now, I'd like to turn it over to our guest moderator, Sophia Sun Wu, who is the CEO and co-founder of The Water Collective, a social enterprise focused on securing life-lasting clean water through robust solutions and economic empowerment. Take it away, Sophia. Thanks, Yana. So, hi. My name is Sophia Sun Wu from The Water Collective. I'd like to take a moment now to tell you all about today's webinar, future-proofing water systems in developing countries, how to protect investment and increase success to preventative maintenance. Today, 750 million people around the world lack access to safe water. That's approximately one in nine people. On average, 40 percent of rural water systems in developing countries stop working a few years after their build. While billions of dollars in aid money has been thrown at this problem, recent monitoring of water systems in several countries show that they continue to break down. One of the most common culprits of this issue is the lack of preventative maintenance. E4C has invited one of the leading experts on the subject, Suzanne Davis, Executive Director of Improve International, to share her insight. Suzanne, we thank you for joining us today. Before we get rolling, I'd also like to take a moment to recognize the coordinators of the E4C webinar series, generally, Yana Ronda of ASME, Holly Shiter-Brown, Michael Mater, and Steve Welch of IEEE, who work on developing and delivering the webinar series. Thank you, team. If anyone out there has questions about the series or would like to make a recommendation for future topics and speakers, we invite you to contact them via the email address at this wellness slide, webinars at engineeringforchange.org. Now, I'd like to introduce Susan. Susan Davis is the Founder and Executive Director of Improve International.  She served on the boards of the Millennium Water Alliance, the Wash Advocacy Initiative, now Wash Advocates, and the Georgia Tech Alumni Association. Susan has evaluated international development projects in 18 countries and managed a $1 million wash project in China. She was also on the senior management team at Water for People. She began her work in the national development with Water Partners International, now Water.org, and has also worked with CareUSA. She's not an engineer, but she went to college with a lot of them at Georgia Tech. So, Susan, I will now let you take the floor. Thank you, Sophia, and thank you so much to Engineering for Change for inviting me to present today, and thanks to all of you for joining the webinar today. I imagine it's kind of late for some of you and too early for others. So, you might wonder why I have a picture of a vintage car as my first slide. Well, not only was this my first and favorite car, but I often compare the idea of giving a water system to poor people to the idea of giving a very poor person a car. So, what's wrong with a free car? It sounds great, doesn't it? If you were poor and you needed a reliable way to get to work, wouldn't a free car be great? Well, in the U.S., that car wouldn't really be free. Depending on the kind of car, you'd have to pay about $4,000 in federal and state income taxes, and that's a lot of cash to come up with right away, especially if you didn't have that much money to begin with. A few other problems with a free car is gas isn't free, maintenance isn't free, insurance isn't free, and then there's ongoing taxes and license fees and emissions tests, none of which are free. So, let's imagine that we're giving this free car now to a poor person in a rural area in a developing country. The free car gets even worse. The person might not know how to drive, or they might not know about how to do maintenance or the fact that they even need to do maintenance, like oil changes. Even if they knew, they probably don't have the equipment to do it, and there might not be a gas station anywhere nearby where they could buy gas. So, let's think about this for a second. How is a free car like a free water system? Similar challenges apply. The person or the community who gets the system might not know how to take care of it, even if they get training. They might not have the money to do what they're supposed to be doing to take care of it. And even if they do have the money, the incentive for using or taking care of the system might not be what the organization giving it expected. In many places, people expect water to be free. Individuals might expect the organization who build the system, whether they're charitable or governmental, to be responsible for the maintenance. So, recurring costs for water system maintenance that have been measured in various countries that range from about $3 to $6 per person per year for a borehole or hand pump, and about $3 to $15 per person per year for piped water systems. Now, that doesn't sound very expensive to Americans or people in other developed countries, but we need to remember that many of the people who are getting water systems often make something like $1 to $2 per day. So, water systems and cars lacking preventive maintenance work poorly or stop working altogether. Just like my beautiful car in this picture, I didn't take very good care of it because I was in college. But as long as people have been building things, cars, water systems, everything else, we know that they must be properly operated and maintained to work well and to last long into the future. So, let's talk about future proofing. First, let's talk about the importance of water. Obviously, water is much more important than a car. In 2010, the United Nations recognized the human right to water and sanitation and acknowledged that clean drinking water and sanitation, or toilets, are essential to the realization of all human rights. And yet, as Sophia mentioned earlier, half of the world's population remains deprived of access to safe water and toilets. Now, you've probably seen numbers that show it's a much smaller number that don't have access to improved water, but if we're talking about safe water, if we're talking about water quality, it's really a much higher number who don't have access. So, this is my sad slide. I feel a little bit like Debbie Downer when I show it, but it's important for us to recognize this. A lot of time and money is wasted in misguided efforts to provide safe drinking water for people in rural communities and developing countries. And this is across the board. It's governments. It's charities. It's volunteer groups. On average, this graph shows you that about 40% of these water systems stop working often just a few years after they're built. We created this graph using more than 120 studies that range from program level to national level, and the average failure rate has stayed about the same, about 40% since 1997. We're still collecting these data, and actually, if you have any studies that you can share, we'd love to get them. We're really trying to track this, so we ideally can see the number go down. Billions of dollars in aid money, as we've heard already, have been thrown at this problem, but it still persists. So, I found it improved international about the same time as Engineering for Change in 2011 to address the crisis behind the global water crisis. That is the ongoing failure of our current approaches. This is based on the belief that people deserve to have high quality water services, not just for life, but for generations. Here's another really important. We talk a lot about water is for health and water toilets are for dignity and hand washing is for health, but a big problem with broken water systems is that we are wasting poor people's money. The trend in recent decades has been to encourage or require communities to contribute a portion of the capital cost of a water system to help build it. But when a water system fails, they don't get their money back. They don't get their time back either. This is an example of a board that shows the various contributions to build a water system in India, and you can see that the villagers or the water users' contribution is quite significant. So, we talk a lot about functionality when we're thinking of a water system, but there are elements beyond that. Functionality basically means is the water flowing or not, and it's a relatively common way to look at water access over time, but it doesn't tell us about some critical aspects of service, like quality, quantity, reliability, and accessibility. This graph shows an example, and this is from our friends at IRC in the Netherlands. It shows an example of service levels that were measured in three districts in Ghana, and you can see that very few of them provide even a basic service level, and that's the orange bars at the bottom. You can see they're very minimal for the East Ganga and Sian West. So, why are all these water systems failing? Why are they not functional? Tim Foster, he's over at the University of Oxford, I believe, he used the largest data set assembled on rural water points in Sub-Saharan Africa. It represented about 25,000 aged hand pumps in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Uganda. He employed logistic regression analyses to identify operational, technical, institutional, financial, and environmental predictors of functionality. The risk factors he found that were significantly associated with non-functionality across all three countries were the age of the system, the distance from the district or county capital, and the absence of user fee collection. It's pretty easy to see how these factors relate directly to maintenance. The older a system is, the more it needs maintenance. Support for major repairs often comes or is supposed to come from the local government, so the farther away the villages from the local government, the less likely they are able to get help because of challenges with transportation and the local government often doesn't have enough staff. And user fees, of course, are supposed to be used for operations and maintenance and repairs. Foster found many other factors associated with functionality, including the proximity of spare parts, the availability of a hand pump mechanic, regular servicing, and regular water committee meetings. Often many of these rural water points are supposed to be managed by a committee of villagers. So Foster's findings reinforced the concept that several factors are critical for the sustainability of community-managed water services. And they show that these factors remain absent, unfortunately, from a high proportion of water points. So we're talking about maintenance, but I want to put this into context. Even with all the research, we still don't know the root cause behind why so many water systems fail. And it's hard to know whether the maintenance isn't done mostly because there's not enough skilled people to do it, there's not enough money, there's not enough spare parts, or some combination, or other reasons. I believe, though, that one overarching reason is our mindset. The donors and the implementers, the people who are building these systems, many of those who approach the water crisis make simply of access, not of services. And this is partly because of the Millennium Development Goals, which focus on access. But we are missing not just the time dimension, but the human dimension. Humans are the users. Humans make the decisions whether to pay or not. Humans make decisions about whether to do maintenance or not. Humans are the ones who have to remember what to do. This slide is helping us to put maintenance and perspective for the overall cycle of services here. And this is the vicious cycle, not the virtuous cycle. So you can see the quality of services goes down, and all of these factors are interdependent. So users are less likely to pay for bad services, and they're less likely to trust a poorly trained user association, or a community water committee. And poorly trained water committees have difficulty demonstrating accountability, and if they can't collect money, they can't do the services, and so on. It's a sad, vicious cycle, and unfortunately way too common. So let's clarify here what we mean by operations and maintenance. We often use the acronym O&M for this, but let's talk about them all the way out. So operations is basically just the process of keeping the system running. So it could be things like putting fuel in generator or treating water in the storage tank. Routine maintenance is needed to keep the system running at peak performance. Typical cost items for maintenance are listed on this slide for operations and maintenance. They depend on the kind of water system. For example, hand pumps don't necessarily need electricity, but they're often overlooked when picking the technology and when determining the level of service. These decisions on what kind of technology to use are often made far away from the community without their input and without thinking about the lifetime cost. In general, operations expenses per system run about 5% to 20% of capital investment. The need for maintenance has been known for quite a long time, and we all know about how it works in our own countries, but we don't think about it in the developing countries. Somehow we just assume it will be done without confirming how. So I'm not going to talk about how to do maintenance, but rather why we as donors in implementing organizations need to make sure it can and will be done. So let's revisit why operations and maintenance are not happening. If you live in a developed country, I want you to think about where your water comes from and how that utility is managed. This figure shows some of the reasons that make up the puzzle of why O&M isn't happening. Sometimes there's not enough information to plan. There's poor skills on the water committee or in the local government. There's not enough funds collected. There might be some kind of unusual technology that was brought in from outside the country, so no spare parts are available or the mechanics are not trained to know how to fix it. In developing countries, decentralization of responsibility from the national government to local governments for things like water services is the norm. Some national policies, like in Ethiopia and Ghana, say that communities are responsible for their own maintenance. And these are folks, and especially in the really remote rural areas, who might not have had a great education, they're very busy just trying to make a living, and they can't easily access information. They can't look up on the web or order spare parts over the internet. So no matter how well a community water committee is managed, they're likely going to need some kind of help that they can't tackle alone. In this case, they're supposed to either hire an area mechanic or go to the district government, but often those people can't help either. So I'm going to show you the next series of slides. There's our data from an IRC study of hand pumps in rural areas in Ghana from 2013. And I just think they're interesting because they actually show the functionality related to specific factors. So this one shows us that functionality or here, this one is reliability. So it's functionality over time. The reliability is greatly enhanced when preventive maintenance is executed. This is pretty obvious, but this really hits home here. On this, on the following few charts, you'll see essentially they're like traffic lights that green equals functional or reliable, red is not functional or reliable, and yellow is somewhere in between. Using that same study in Ghana, we see there is a direct correlation between well-capacitated or well-trained water management groups and better functionality of water systems. Again, the functionality is shown by green bars and the well-capacitated is on the right. In the communities where the water committees are well-constituted, trained, and gender balanced, water systems broke down less often as shown versus poorly-capacitated water committees. This is yet another reminder that water services are more about people than they are about infrastructure and technology. Full functionality is also increased when the community water committees kept good reports. Just keeping track of what they're doing helps increase functionality. And this might seem obvious as well, but the committees whose annual incomes exceed expenditures must have many more fully functional hand pumps than those who don't. They have money to do the repairs and to do the maintenance. And this might also indicate that they're keeping up with their fee collection and keeping track of those records. These should all be very exciting findings. They're basic common sense, but they might be more exciting to accountants than engineers. This is another chart from the same Ghana study that shows that functionality and reliability increases when spare parts are available. And this, again, seems pretty obvious, and I'm really excited to see that there's a supply chain as the discussion as the next webinar, and it's a really big thing that we're seeing in a lot of places that there just aren't spare parts available. This third bar here that never required spare parts is a little curious, but it's possible those committees have newer installations and haven't yet needed spare parts. This chart is a little more puzzling. This shows us that the functionality is better when area mechanics are available than when they are not. But they're about the same for the committees who never engaged a mechanic. Researchers in the study were not sure why, but again, these could be newer systems, just like the people who didn't yet need spare parts, or they could be hand pumps that are more easily maintained by the committee or something else. So this is a chart from our friends again at IRC, Katarina Fonseca, who's a fantastic economist, and I just love this one because it's so clear about the current situation. New systems are put in place to try to increase water access. So you can see services delivered goes up for a while, and then there's this red line that shows slippage. The services go down over time, and this is because of the lack of maintenance. Somebody installs a new system, and services go up for a while, and then they go down over time. And the smiley and frowny faces represent how the water users feel about this. Now this slide shows us what our goal is here, that a new system is installed, and that it's maintained. And all of the things that happen for that, people are collecting fees, they have access to mechanics and spare parts. This can prevent slippage over time. So they might be down for a few days. You see the little dips here, but overall the reliability is pretty good. So what can we do about this? So as donors or as implementing organizations, as service providers, we can start to look at different ways to improve the way maintenance activities for hand pumps are supported over the long term. And there's a lot of interesting things happening with that that I'll talk about near the end. We can consider that alternative water point management models besides the community management model. So some groups are looking at private sector leasing, where they lease the equipment, and the private sector operator, the company is responsible for keeping the system going. And I would love to hear if you would like to share in the group chat what your organization is doing to support maintenance, or to otherwise improve services over time. So Engineering for Change asked me to talk a bit about a recent report that we put out, and it's called the Resolution Guidelines for Problems with Water Systems. And until the governments and NGOs and others figure things out, let's talk about what we're doing now. And a common response to failure of water systems is to rehabilitate those failed water points. This is more expensive than providing maintenance, but it's a little different. It's about infrastructure, and we like infrastructure. We just do. Major repairs or replacements of water points are common in many water supply interventions, because it's a less expensive way to achieve access numbers than building new water points. And this chart shows up to 80% of water points in some large water intervention programs have been rehabilitations. Several organizations use rehabilitations as a standard part of any new water access program, so technically they are counting the same beneficiaries as another organization did before. But the biggest problem with rehabilitations that they alone are not solving the root cause of the problem. They're just addressing the infrastructure, not the processes and people that are pieces of the puzzle. So the impetus for this Resolution Guidelines Report was the USAID Water and Development Strategy that came out not too long ago. And we noticed this phrase in there that was pretty exciting. You can see where the little arrow is, that they're not only going to do post-implementation monitoring, but they're going to enable reasonable support to issues that arise post-implementation. And this made us wonder, what are the issues that arise post-implementation? What are other people doing to address them? What are the costs and what are the pros and cons of providing such post-construction support? So we put together the guidelines. I'll share a link for the report at the end. Resolution essentially encompasses this idea that addressing problems that are identified through post-implementation monitoring or evaluation. So you find that some systems are not working or that they're broken, and you as the donor or the implementing organization take on some responsibility for that. The case for resolution in summary is that, as we talked about before, access to safe water is a human right. To save lives and change lives, development organizations need to focus on the provision of good water services forever, not just access. Failed and abandoned water systems are a massive waste of investment, not only the donor's money, but also the community's money. Many problems with water services are attributed to poor implementation. So, as you've probably noticed in the things that I've presented so far, it's difficult to determine root causes versus the symptoms, because there's a wide range of interventions and a lack of consistency and rigor in evaluation of those interventions. But the repetitiveness of problems that we've identified by reviewing many, many, many implementation reports across the globe, and it suggests there are common ways to respond. The guidelines that I'm going to talk about are based on the common problems and common recommendations from interviews with many practitioners and an extensive literature review. We've organized them based on the common categories of sustainability factors, social, environmental, technical, financial, and implementation. And I'm going to go through these fairly quickly, because we don't have a lot of time, but you can find more information on them in the Resolution Report. So, overall, we say first, do no harm. Sometimes it's better not to do anything than to do something that might fail. Big picture, we think we need to change the measurements of success. For example, instead of number of beneficiaries or number of water points built, we suggest we aim for providing a basic or above level of service over time. Some example basic service levels or level of service metrics are shown on this slide. And, most importantly, be accountable to water users, not just to donors. Some guidelines related to implementation are that we should shift from an infrastructure focus to facilitation of water service provision, agree on roles and responsibilities for service provision before starting a project, improve monitoring after the project, and donors need to be more flexible in thinking about all of these things. This slide shows an example of a typical project-focused approach at the top, where the NGO takes all the responsibility and then is gone after the project. But here we are showing sort of a joint effort for a while in the middle with the community, the water users, and the implementing organization. Where ultimately, over time, the community takes on all the responsibility. Institutional guidelines. Again, it might sound really obvious, but it's not happening. Governors must engage local governments and work within national frameworks. The governments are the ones, ultimately, who are going to have the money and who do have the responsibility for keeping these water services going. Several other guidelines we'll talk about on this slide. One relates to social issues is to discuss an exit strategy with the local stakeholders. It goes back to the implementation one where how long are we going to be involved? What are we responsible for? It's to consider multiple uses of water and multiple sources of water. This is often, again, we often focus just on drinking water and maybe some for hygiene. A financial guideline, where the slide relates, is to make sure everyone involved, the water committees, the water users, the local governments, understand the specific life cycle costs for this kind of water system. And this, again, is from our friends at IRC and they show the capital expenditure, the main wedge there is the one we often just focus on and we forget about the rest of these things. Technical guidelines, again, work within national standards. A lot of people are bringing in foreign hand pumps or they're not going with what's typical in the area and that makes it really difficult to achieve any kind of economies of scale for mechanics and spare parts. We need to carefully consider water system technology applicability in the context. We need to be able to understand or build spare parts supply chain. I wanted to share a couple of examples of organizations that are doing resolution-related activities. CARE, which is based here in Atlanta, where I am, they use a tool called the Governance into Functionality Tool or GIFT. This slide, and this is a really quick overview of their process, but this slide shows a typical cycle where they look at the functionality of water points. They look at the material action, which is not just rehabilitation. You can see here, for example, they might retrain the WASH committee. Another organization is JICA, which is the Japanese aid agency. They're working on several things in Zambia. This slide just shows a piece of it, but one is adoption of appropriate technologies, training and licensing mechanics, strengthening the supply chain for spare parts. That's what this slide refers to. They're also looking at cost recovery, which includes setting rates and motivating users to pay. There are more examples than their costs described in the resolution report appendices, and I'd love to hear from you participants, whether your organization does anything you consider to be resolution activities. There's another thing that SNV, which is a Dutch organization in East Africa, they're helping with establishment of spare parts supply chains, which goes beyond having a hardware shop. It's a dynamic process. It starts with a simple market analysis and they look at supply and demand, just like anybody who wants to make money should do. But based on the analysis, they assist suppliers with setting up a business model and introduce the approach to actively market products and services. So it's no longer sitting in the shop and waiting for a customer, but they actually go and talk to their customers about what they have. I've got a few slides. I've got a few links for various resources. There's actually an O&M network. There's preventive maintenance of rural water supplies, documents, guidelines for organizing hand-pump maintenance systems, operation maintenance of rural water supply and sanitation systems. These documents, a lot of them are kind of old, but they're still pretty relevant. And I believe that these slides will be available later, so that you don't have to copy them down or screenshot them. Here are some monitoring, evaluation, resolution, and learning resources. Some of us here are calling it Merle, which sounds like a country singer, but these are various that link to the resolution report. You can find the full, long, meaty report there, as well as an executive summary. The WASH advocates folks have a whole portal on sustainability and Merle. And then there's a couple of, the last two are related to different kinds of measurements of success. So Water Person Years is one of them. There's a link to a webinar on that there, and then service levels, as we mentioned before on the IRC WASH website. All of these websites have lots of other wonderful resources as well. And please feel free to get in touch with me through our website at improveinternational.org or reach out to me through Twitter or through our folks at Engineering for Change. And thank you so much for your attention. I'll be happy to take your questions now. Thank you, Susan. That was great. Very informative. Now we're going to open the floor to Q&A. So please use the Q&A window. It's located below the chat window to type in your questions for Susan. So we'll start it off. We have a question about, are there any specific traits, for example, implementation practices, preventative maintenance that are consistent among the 60% of projects that are succeeding in the long-term? Any specific traits? Yeah. Like, are there any specific practices or characteristics that you are observing in 60% of the projects that are succeeding? Oh, of the good projects. That's a great question. I usually focus on the negative parts. There are. Tim Foster's study that I mentioned, the Tim Foster study, does a really good statistical analysis of that across three countries. And in our resolution report, we also kind of look at the common characteristics across various projects. Unfortunately, there's not a lot of great detail on what's working over time. Because most of the studies, if we do monitoring, it's getting better lately, but most of the time they just look at whether the system is functional or not. And we don't really get into a lot of rich detail about why. Now, I have been collecting a series of evaluations on our website as well, where they kind of get into that detail. And we are hoping to try to find the common factors. But basically, it's the things that we highlighted in the study from Ghana, a good water management committee that has some kind of outside support and they know what to do. It's that simple and that hard. Right, absolutely. And I'm sure there's also the issue of figuring out which points you want to gather data on and starting to figure out, okay, X, Y, and Z these are the characteristics we're seeing and figuring out what those indicators are and things like that. So we're also getting a lot of questions about the term of maintenance. So when you use the term maintenance, do you use it to cover both preventative maintenance and as well as repair maintenance?  Well, it covers as much as you want it to cover. Obviously, preventive maintenance is critical. But being able to replace small parts, different people call things repairs versus maintenance. But in general, by maintenance is the ability to keep it going and replace small parts. If you're thinking especially about hand pumps, there's often very simple small things that need to be replaced on a regular basis. So some people might call that a repair and others wouldn't. But it's basically the ability to keep the system going and, you know, sometimes you need spare parts for that, sometimes you need special skills for that. If it's a pipe system, it might be there could be a bubble in the system. There's a lot of different things that happen. Great. And we also have a question about the difference. Is there a difference between the term of water system either being broken down and non-functional? Are they one and the same or are they considered different? That's a great question. And people are defining that differently, unfortunately, in the ways they monitor. There is some effort to try to standardize that across various monitoring efforts, but that's the tricky thing, because you could come up at any point in time and that you're doing essentially a snapshot. So you're saying, okay, these water points on this day that we visited, the water was not flowing. So you might call that non-functional. However, it could be that they were just waiting for repair and somebody comes and fixes it and the water flows again. Now there are other systems, as the questioner asked, that are completely broken down. It might be that the borehole has collapsed or the spring has completely silted up. There might be irreparable or needs rehabilitation rather than just a small repair. So that is another thing we're trying to get clarity around is what is completely broken down versus what is just non-functional at the time. Some of the more recent monitoring efforts are attempting to do that, but to do that takes a little more than observing it. You might have to ask some questions of the people around you to ask more time. So if you're looking at a national monitoring survey or any kind of broad-scale effort, they often don't have a lot of time per water point. That's a great question. Yeah, absolutely. Now I'm also seeing some questions about water committees. So one question someone is asking, could you provide some examples of how you collect water user fees and the process of that water fees if users are not paying the fees? That's another really good question. I've been reading some interesting things lately about different ways that people are collecting fees. A lot of times, and you have to remember in many rural communities, it's basically your neighbors who are asking you for money. There's a lot of work going into looking at what makes it better, but sometimes it's easier to collect money. So a water committee that's legally registered, for example, and has a bank account and keeps good records, they're going to have a better time collecting water fees. And that question about the repercussions is really critical. I have seen in Central America where the person doesn't pay their fees for, say, a certain amount of time, maybe three months, their water is actually cut off. But that is trickier. You have a water system, and if you have a meter or something at the house, but it's trickier to do that when you have a community point like a hand pump. It's harder to cut that person off from using water, and then there's just the basic human nature of everybody needs water, so how do we do that? So there are some different ways that people are trying to go about it. There's the peer pressure, or there's keeping records. There's sometimes people are making it public who has paid and who has not. But that's one of the biggest challenges.  You know, is it easier to get the water from this hand pump than to go and get it from a free source like a river? You can imagine it's a pretty big challenge. So in some places, they're trying to legalize the fees, make that sort of more of a legal issue than just a, it's nice to have issue. I can do a whole other webinar on that issue. It's a really, really critical one. Well, touching up on that, you mentioned your presentation, the difference between a well-trained water committee and a poorly trained water committee. Let's say if you have to define a well-trained water committee in three or five characteristics, what are some of the characteristics you've seen in water committees that are successful? So one of the critical pieces there is ongoing training. In a lot of places, the water committee is not a monolith. They change every time. People are supposed to be, I think in Honduras, they are supposed to change every two years by law. And some Central American countries by law, the committee has to change membership. And then you lose the people who were originally trained. And the other people might not feel obligated to provide institutional knowledge to the next committee. So some method of ongoing training is really critical. And the training is not just about how often they have meetings, but it's things like bookkeeping and how do you collect the fees and where are they supposed to be saved and who are you supposed to call when there's a bigger problem than you know how to fix and so on and so on. And life cycle costing and planning, major parts might not be replaced or need to be replaced within the same lifespan as the committee. So if it's a two-year committee and then there's a five-year replacement, the next committee might not know about that and might not plan for it. So the biggest key I think is it should be a comprehensive training and it should be regular and new committees need to be trained. There's an organization in Honduras called COSE-PRABIL. COSE-PRABIL acronym, but they essentially have a training center and the water committees are sort of, they form a co-op and they can then, each new committee can go to that training center and receive. Sometimes they'll be targeted training. Sometimes they do overview training. But that's a really nice setup that I've seen and the water systems in that area are lasting 20 years and longer. Absolutely. So I'm also seeing a lot of interest on is it that there aren't that many organizations that exist purely to provide service and maintenance? Why is it that there's such a focus on access and not so much on the service software side of water? Well, I have some very strong opinions on that, but I think to be fair, if you look at a lot of people are driven by the millennium development goals which focus solely on access. The goal was reduced by half. So we focused on access and we also, I think, have a little bit of magical thinking. If we build the water system or the school or the clinic or whatever it is, we just assume that that is going to lead to having water forever or education or clinics.  And part of it, and part of my goal is to kind of hold up the mirror and say, actually, things are failing. And the whole point is to help shift our mindsets. We need to think differently about things. If we're really focused on the stuff and not how the stuff provides the service, then we're going to keep failing. Absolutely. So if an organization wants to develop an operations program, where's the best place to start? Well, I'd say look at what other people are doing. You don't have to start from scratch. There are policies in a lot of countries. I've been looking closely at Ghana lately and also at Ethiopia and there's, there are a lot of things in place that maybe could be boosted. So, for example, Ethiopia has a policy now to have a water extension worker in each, I think at the war at a level, which is like a district. They haven't rolled that out all the way yet, but that would be a great place for some of these to step in and say, hey, can we help provide them with training or tools or transportation, rather than kind of starting your own thing. I think the really important thing is to look at the existing structures, what's there, what could be boosted or improved by your help. So, could you speak a little bit to motivation? You talk a lot about these human aspects of keeping water running. Could you speak a little bit to motivation and incentives and how that plays in creating some sustainable frameworks? Well, it's human nature. So, look at what drives people. We come into communities when we say this, you need safe water for your health. And they say, sure, that sounds great. We'll take it. Awesome. But at the end of the day, what is really interesting is you're starting to see things like people are more likely to pay for water when it helps improve their livelihoods. So, hey, this is great. Now I have water for my animals and it's easier than going over to the river and getting them water. Or now I have more water for my crops. We need to really understand what drives people. It's not necessarily health. We're all about human health and this and that, but most people just want to have a better life. Convenience is a factor, maybe more than health or improving your livelihood is more than that. So, we need to think about why people want water, what they're going to use it for, what they're willing to pay for.  I'd rather take it down the street. I'd rather pay somebody to do that. And, you know, we talk about really poor people that they do have some money, you know, you'll go to a place and see they do have a cell phone or they might have a TV, but they don't have safe water. So, let's think about what drives people and, you know, that's going to take a different skill set sometimes, right? A different mindset. We might need to engage some marketing people and behavioral change therapy people and not just the people who know how to build things. I'm sorry to say this to a bunch of engineers, but we need to think a little bit differently. Absolutely. Absolutely. So, we're getting a lot of questions about kind of the specifics of implementing this in real time. So, we have one question asking about tips on how to train users so that when they know that the system needs to be repaired since, you know, the timeline or the timeframe of when something will break down, it's unknown. How do you go about training people for that? How do you go about preparing people for the unexpected? Well, again, I would say look to the past. We have lots and lots and lots of information. A lot of the stuff we're using is pretty old technology.  There's a lot of great information on what it takes to keep them running. And there's a lot of good local knowledge on that. So, you know, for training committees, for example, it might be that we need to provide more simple information, maybe in local languages, maybe using pictures. But again, human nature, maybe they need reminders, you know, and so whose job should it be to, you know, maybe send an SMS text and say, committee, have you guys checked your O-rings? Or have you oiled your handles? Or you need to clean out the tank every month. We might need to think of different ways to motivate people and remind them of stuff, and rather than just expect them to do it all by themselves. And the example I use here is a lot of people have those pictures in their refrigerator or the little filter on your tap, and you know, that's a filter that you have to replace. And sometimes it has a little green light and a red light, and that's the best thing ever, because you look at that and go, oh, yeah, I don't want to drink that water. But my picture in the fridge, you know, I have to remember to replace it every three months.  So... So, are there any particular components of water systems, for example, pumps, valves that you've seen that are more prone to failure? And in addition to that question, are there any technologies that you've seen that are not as well received in communities? Yes, and yes, and there's a lot of good information on that. I can't list off the different kinds of technologies off the top of my head, but there is a group that is looking, it's called WashTech, and they are looking at Technology Applicability Framework, and that's another link that I share with you guys, but they've identified several factors that can be looked at both forwards and backwards. There are things, you know, and I've seen different examples of this, like one of them, we thought there was a windmill somebody had put out in the middle of the desert, and it was supposed to power the pump, and the people who lived around there were nomadic or pastoralists, and they, you know, moved their cows around, and the cows were scared of the windmill, so they actually broke it on purpose. So, you know, there's all kinds of really interesting stories about things that are better than others. There are a lot of studies on people not liking the taste of chlorine, and that's a common way that we encourage people to treat their water. There's a lot of studies on filters, and people sometimes break them because they're slow. They break them to make the water flow faster, which of course defeats the purpose of the filter. There's a lot of good information out there, and I'm happy to look it up and share it with the particular person if they want to contact me. Great. Yeah, those are really interesting stories that you just shared. Another question we have are on metering water use. What are your thoughts on that? How does this factor into the longevity of the system? What was the first part on what... water meters and using them? Water meters? Oh, yeah. I'm a big fan. I think if you're looking at especially like a gravity flow system, I actually did some research on this in Central America with the Global Water Initiative. They were finding that meters were really improving the services for piped water systems that were gravity-fed. So for example, in a really silly area, the people who lived farther up the hills weren't getting as much water pressure and so they didn't get water 24-7 and the people who lived in the lower areas were. Water meters help you detect leaks in the system. They help you be fairer about your fees rather than a flat B for everyone. You can charge people based on their use, which a lot of times is a lot more fair because some people might use the water, as we mentioned earlier, for their animals or for farming and other people might just use it for household. So meters are they have a lot of good reasons for being used. However, there's a lot of information on prepaid meters not being that great. Especially in South Africa. So I have a couple of blogs on meters that have some good resource links in there as well that I can share, but generally I'm a big fan. So there's a there are known relationships between energy and water. Have you identified these links in the water systems you analyzed? Oh gosh, energy and water. That's not an area that I focus on that much but in general you know it's pretty interesting just big picture it takes water to make energy and it takes energy sometimes to get your water out of the ground. So yeah, that's not an area I'm as knowledgeable about but it's certainly critical. Would you recommend charging people on their use even or a hand pump? Has there been any research on this? What are your thoughts on it? Charging people do, is that what you said? I think what Julia is charging people on their I think I need more detail on this question so we're going to skip over it a little bit but yeah, so right now we're at the 12 o'clock point so we're going to kind of close out and yeah, thank you so much Susan, thank you so much to the E4C team and yes have a great day everyone. Thank you Sophia, thanks all of you for participating.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaskiescasebreaks.com coming at you with 2021-22 Panini Elite Basketball 6 box half case pick your team number 13 so it's half case from a fresh case and all cards will ship there it is big thanks to this group for buying your team no fillers in this either appreciate that just sold it out straight up here on 222 2022 Ryan with that last Bob Mojo Washington wizards so we've got six boxes on the back six boxes right there so we'll just roll the die we'll go one two three for that six box group and four five six for this six box group right here we're gonna select we'll select that red die matches the color of the box and it's one so we'll go left side to this side we will save for next time so this is break 13 so let's mark this 14 so we know that they're from the same case just set those down there for now all right box one good luck Logan saying uh Logan saying crypto fine looking visit I didn't I've not looked good to the to the moon Simon looking for a numbered Yanis that'd be nice I'm finally glad that I'm finally I'm happy that we're finally diving into this new draft class I enjoyed I enjoyed our time with Lamello and Anthony Edwards among others in 2020 2021 products but I was ready I'm ready to start seeing some new faces so I'm glad we're there although I'm sure we'll still we'll still dive into some of last year's products last season's products as well in fact I think we got flawless basketball up right now we can still work on that I think we're having that delivered to us tomorrow jazz rookie still staying that's because the jazz are drafting too low because they're too good yeah Logan your jazz are too good not getting good draft spots it's not like they're getting top five picks and we got Scotty Barnes he's having a nice season 73 out of 999 that's for Cody and the Toronto Raptors spellbound die cut LeBron Jane for the Lakers let me grab a container for this break here there's Anthony Simon to 99 and a redemption and he guesses on that redemption for bragging rights we got for the jazz speaking of the jazz 539 out of 999 Jared Butler it'll be for Corey and we've got a green die cut 8 out of 17 Dennis Schroeder for the Celtics Patrick Davis how many teams do I believe truly tank to get the number one pick I'm sure sure there's gotta be at least a few teams especially especially in like the last like week of the season if there's like you're like a few games left and you've got a chance at getting better odds for the number one pick and I'm sure some teams might might feel sort of weaker lineups on it on any given day there's Jeff Malone for the Washington bullets that'll go to Ryan and the Wizards but tanking is a little risky in basketball because just because you have the worst record doesn't mean you're guaranteed the number one overall pick there's still a sort of lottery process to figure out who gets there so you could you could tank and then you know still not benefit from that so and now that the increase the number of playoff teams involved too I think that's got to cut into some of the the tanking narratives as well all right we got it Zion elite signature Zion Williamson pelicans Minsu next box I know yeah it's like Zion doesn't exactly Logan Logan's like like Zion doesn't have the time yeah come on Zion sign your cards what are you doing that redemption should have been in the product I feel like Brandon what's he been doing all year his hand his hand isn't hurt right you still sign it's not like his hands hurt so lower body injury they give these guys ample amounts of time to autograph these cards and send them back in for products isn't sometimes a contract thing with the redemptions I guess it I guess it could be but I don't think they would even put them in the product if if there was a contract issue with him and panini do I consider Zion a bust I feel like he's always injured I I generally try not to put a bus tag on players who are injured because that's just like what are you gonna do you know I consider bus like the player was highly touted and had plenty of minutes to start and wasn't injured and just didn't do well and just didn't play you know and just didn't put up the points or put up the stats that that's what I think is a bust it's hard it's a little harsh to say like oh he's injured he's a bust that's tough in my opinion I mean I'm sure other people will say hey you get injured you don't perform your bust but it's a little harsh there's one at Toscano Anderson nice 142 out of 210 for the warrior Sean Maddox yeah I saw that I actually I only heard about it I didn't actually read the article all I know Oliver was at JJ Reddick called out Zion and saying that he didn't he didn't even reach out to to see Jim McCollum when he was traded to the Pelicans was John Marant to 99 that'll be for Memphis Minsu and I think I think there's Doug McDermott for the Spurs Impact Impressions autograph I think Zion's in Portland too I think he's at the Nike facility Spurs Jonathan Griffin yeah I guess I guess most of his his issues are due to are due to it are they due to it probably the correlation is certainly there I'm not sure if medically they're actually doing it's actually the case but I'm sure has something to do with it this Franz Wagner to 999 Orlando Korra well I'm rooting for Zion I hope he I hope he figures it out you know be good for the hobby good for the Pelicans yeah the dunk contest wasn't that great I don't know they're gonna have to reconfigure the dunk contest or just have the dunk contest be the middle event have the three-point contest close out the Saturday night there's Dennis Schroeder to 17 that'll be for Patrick Davis in the Celtics and there's Corey Kispert for the Wizards on-card autograph for Ryan Harold last Bob Mojo that's 82 out of 149 I mean I feel like all the players had like potentially amazing dunks it just kind of wasn't executed very well the pace of it all the extra chances the pace of it was seemed to be a little lackluster the energy wasn't really that up the crowd didn't seem to be really fired up they seem to be a little quiet so I don't know they're gonna have to rework that somehow yeah I agree that's a good point I think we touched upon that too it's just like how much more can we do in the world of dunking I think they even mentioned it in the broadcast they're like you need to do something you need to kind of up the level on like showmanship or add some more theatrics or a theme or something like that you know to this to this event to make it a little more exciting and encourage kind of more of that yeah I feel like the production is a little weird on the dunk contest too right Logan it just seems a little haphazard like there's no there's like no director for it's just kind of like all right go I guess start dunking and I think the easiest thing for now without completely overhauling the dunk contest maybe you just you just switch the order on on Saturday night I think you I think you just switch the order right exactly yeah yeah the the members of the you know the people in the dunk contest you know are also sort of I mean like if you had like John Moran and Anthony Edwards in the dunk contest I think I think that would have got some more eyeballs on or some more raise the level of excitement there but some of the key the key dunkers are aren't even in the aren't even in there there's Josh Christopher to 210 so here's a Yanis letter I 42 out of 49 the first I in Yanis that'll be for the Bucks it's gonna go to Simon Tyrese Maxi to 99 and Tony Parker 27 out of 35 Rex is saying yeah like with the home run derby at least you can hit a ball further every time there's Tony Parker autograph for the Spurs Jonathan with the Spurs I don't know I see I don't compare the home run derby to the to the dunk contest the dunk contest is or the home run derby is more like the the three point contest a display of a display of power in the sense that you know while the three point contest is a display of accuracy you know there's nothing the dunk contest they want you to be creative you know there's not too much creativity in a home run or a three-pointer just the feet itself is exciting that's what the done that's the problem with the dunk contest it's like creativity you know is is the thing and that's been a little lacking in recent years I think they should just close out with the three-point contest for now and then then eventually it'll figure out how to reconfigure the dunk contest you know maybe just you can have a few down years of dunk contest there's that year willings 999 and then maybe naturally it'll grow back to a premiere event these things ebb and flow yeah and the other thing they were saying the broadcast brand and I remember was that um a lot of a lot of the commentators a lot of the broadcasters the x players are talking about how some of these guys were like more in-game dunkers as opposed to as opposed to maybe just dunking outside of the actual outside of the rhythm of the game and that's a thing too just different levels of adrenaline during a game on the run you know with a teammate or two running the floor that could be a little different there's one 22 carousel avert die cut for the Pacers that'll be for Jeremy another idea I had was was I feel like they should they should be what if you change the dunk contest to an amateur event you know what if what if the NBA what if the NBA you know hey there's JJ eretic Dallas edition or just talk about what if the NBA scouts like some of the best dunkers uh best amateur player dunkers out there you know have them compete for a prize or something like that there's JJ eretic Dallas Mavericks Chris with the maps I think that'd be fun to see some of the best unknown talent you know show off their dunks you know maybe there's like some sort of competition ladder that they can go climb to get to the NBA all-star game they show off their dunks you know maybe maybe compete for for like cash prizes maybe a 10-day contract with a g-league team or something like that I think that'd be kind of cool right yeah well after drawing switch hands in a game what more can be done to them what does that mean right switch hands in a game the best dunker in the last 20 years that's a that's that's a lot of that's a lot of players I mean currently John Morant pretty good dunker yeah Vince Carter there you go especially younger Vince Carter maybe the early part of those last 20 years yeah Vince Carter is probably the right answer Kobe eight maybe not maybe not kb-24 but kb-8 had some pretty nice dunks he was a good dunker of the young guys today Anthony Edwards John Morant Jalen Green they've got some they've got some really nice in-game dunks that are pretty amazing I know what you're talking about when he's going up for a layup he goes up with one hand and goes up with the other hand that was a pretty good move I mean there's been some that's a pretty good move but there's been some other there's been a lot of other wow moments beyond that there's Trey Mann to 210 okc Sean Maddock there's been a lot of basketball since then Rex there's Alvin Robertson impact impressions autograph for Jonathan the Spurs right it was the it was the reverse layup the hand switch layup but I mean unless you're being facetious Rex I mean after I mean that there's been a lot of amazing moments in that since that play that wow moment it's 99 obi toppen right that's true a lot of a lot of time has for for rex a lot of time has stopped after 1999 whether it's music movies comedy sports nah but there's been a lot of there's been a lot of wow moments since then it's a little unfair to say that the last like you know 20 years of basketball didn't have anything wow I mean you got got the ferociousness of Shaquille O'Neal you know Kobe Bryant Vince Carter's dunks you know once once more especially in recent years guys like this you know wowing us with with long-range three-pointers and there's Luca Garza rookie yearbook autograph for the pistons that's for Chad B to find his teammate Chad Greg was saying earlier best done spud web best dunk contest yeah I was pretty amazing when we were discussing uh I think yesterday had a quote-unquote fixed the dunk contest was it Mike tower someone had mentioned you know the the only people into in the dunk contest can't be taller than like 6 10 or something like that jazzy jay what's up yo how come they never step up and play defense on Steph Curry well I think you have to understand that they are playing defense on Steph Curry but he's just that good at at separated and he he moves off the ball so well and the way his moves are like he can separate from a defender pretty easily I mean you make it seem like it should be easy to defend Steph Curry but that's what makes him unique people are trying to defend it it's not like they're letting they're letting Steph Curry make these shots and Steph Curry's not a big dude they try to body up Steph Curry too he'll still get open make shots you know so I mean I I guess you can man-to-man Steph Curry but he moves he moves off the ball so well that he can usually lose his defender you know if you're still man-to-man you can still he can still make a quick move and still separate and his release is so quick he can still make a shot I suppose you could try to zone Steph Curry uh and get a couple guys on him but that's also tough too because that a lot of times that just leaves too way too much space for Steph Curry maybe you limit his off-ball movements that way but once he has the ball he can still separate and he's such a fast trigger it's not easy that's why he's special but I guess now nowadays it just seems like you're just so used to Steph Curry doing that that he's making it look too easy and he almost has normalized what he's done so like you know you don't kind of don't see like how how amazing he really is next box Rudio Goberto 99 ain't no defense in the NBA these days well if you make that argument you can you can take that back another 20 years I feel like everyone says that but but relative to whatever defense you want to talk about today you know there is still defense being played you know I mean so relative to the defense that's being played it's not like they're just giving Steph Curry open shots I think you're really underplaying how special Steph Curry is like you're really oversimplifying there's one Toscano Anderson for Sean Maddox like hey just play defense on Steph just play defense on him they are there's Mark Jackson God bless Jay I think that's a you but I always read that it's God bless Joe Jaspy I appreciate that Mark Jackson God bless you too New York Knicks that's gonna go to Shang not really in physical defense these days well the rules have made it so there isn't physical defense these days so can't really hand check anymore you know a lot a lot of fouls being called for a softer you know stuff that would have been but that's that's the day and age that we're in now but to say that there's no defense being played yeah I don't think anyone's oriented the league is softer we all know that that's not it that's not breaking news you know but in the context of what you have yeah there is defense being played on Steph no one wants to have Steph drop like 10 three-pointered on them in the game and if you think defenses really do want to do that you know then I think you don't know the game these are these are professional basketball players there's there's still competition and pride on that no one wants Steph to drop 10 three-pointers on them now the game is soft now all right fair I mean but you know I don't want I'm not I'm not that guy where it's just like like oh where they romanticize 90s basketball with like you know people forget how how bad 90s basketball kind of was a lot of a lot of 85 to 83 kind of games you know just a few great teams and not a lot of other good teams Luca Garza Detroit Chad oh yeah jay watch the real NBA I feel like old guys say that all the time right I'll bet people in the people in the 80s or people who are watching basketball in the 90s were just like this is garbage three-point lines and be like they'd be like ah three-point lines you know back in my basketball day no three-pointers everyone claims that their era of their generation of basketball is real basketball watch 20 years from now someone right now someone growing out right now is going to be like is going to be like ah basketball in the 2020s that was hard-nosed basketball it's too soft now 20 40 20 40 basketball in the year 20 40 soft music was better back in the day right now guys guys grew up in the 60s man this 80s music sucks not like it was in the 60s yeah I agree Cody just because it's different doesn't mean it's bad it's just different errors what are you gonna do yeah 80s basketball is so good they they they taped away the finals I don't mind it it's just it's just a different error what are you gonna do there's uh for the Pacers for Jeremy teaching McConnell everyone agreeing that it was better and more physical but me no I'm I never said that I'm just acknowledging the game has changed and I've evolved along with it it's like yeah like Danny was saying earlier no one's disagreeing that the NBA was more physical in the 80s and 90s but I'm joining I'm enjoying basketball for what it is now I'm fine with it all right relax Jay all right there's Iyer Williams Memphis Grizzlies Minsu with that one that's Kai Jones with the Charlotte Horns in 999 and that's that that's your break quick little recap here we'll work on that second half the case tomorrow and we'll see what else we can find in here there's Ion Scottie Barnes at the beginning right there there you have it spirited debate about the generations of basketball it's always a fun topic that was elite basketball six box picker team number 13 I'll see you next time for the next break bye


This is covering the spread part of the Fandall podcast network And just like that suddenly we have no more NHL and NBA to talk about for this year outside of their respective drafts And it's kind of sad but congrats to the Denver Nuggets and the Vegas Golden Knights on their championships And I guarantee the voices we had on here talking about those respective sports We'll still sprinkle them in throughout the summer because I selfishly want to keep talking to them So feel free to be in the lookout for Austin Swame, Tom Vecchio, Austin Kass, all the guys who got us through soccer, NBA, NHL, all throughout the the spring as well because I'm gonna bring them back here on the show to talk about some other stuff But I think the one plus side here is now baseball can shine and I love betting on baseball Love talking money lines, strikeout props and stuff like that And we can lean fully into that, talk some NASCAR, talk some Formula One So hope is not lost throughout the summer and a fell talk coming up as well So still a lot of good stuff coming up here on the show despite the fact there is no more NBA and NHL Starting with the day where talks of major league baseball all go through two money lines and three strikeout props I lock and then I will also talk take talk some formula one in Montreal to preview this weekend's race Welcome on into covering the spread. That's right here on the Fandall podcast network and numberfire.com My name is Jim Saunders I am a senior writer and analyst for numberfire here to take you through today's MLB slate over at Fandall.com And also get you ready for Formula One in Montreal if you're looking for a PGA Preview for the US Open you can get that in the the covering the spread podcast feed right now We talked to Brandon Ghadoula yesterday broke down Outrides talked Scotty Schaeffler talked which of the studs he's targeting as far as their favorite hit the outrides And also some prop betting Brandon likes for this year's US Open find that wherever you get your podcast by searching for Covering the spread or go over to the Fandall YouTube page as it is up over there And also Fandall TV plus the Fandall TV plus app you can now find Covering the spread of there each day as well To get your covering the spread needs in we'll break down some baseball here in just one second The first baseball season is in full swing and there's no better place to get in on the MLB action than Fandall America's number one sportsbook Because right now new customers get a no-sweat first bet up to $2,500 that's such a $2,500 back in bonus bets if your first bet doesn't win So don't miss your chance to snag a no-sweat first bet up to $2,500 when you join Fandall today Fandall Official partner of Major League Baseball Major League Baseball trademarks used with permission must be 21 plus and president select states First online a real money wager only a $10 deposit required refund issued is non with trouble bonus bets that expire in 14 days Restricts and applies see full terms at fan dual comms last sports book Fan dual is offering online sports wagering in Kansas under an agreement with Kansas star casino LLC gambling problem called 1-800 gambler or visit the end will calm slash RG in Arizona 1-800 next step protects next step to 533 for two in Connecticut 1-888-789-7777 or visit ccpg.org such chat in Indiana 1-809 with it in Wyoming in Kansas 1-805-224 700 or in Kansas KS gambling help calm Louisiana is 1-877-770 stop in Massachusetts Gambling help line ma.org or call<PHONE_NUMBER> for 24 seven support in Maryland MD gambling help at org in New York 1-877-8 hope and wire text open Y and in West Virginia go to 1-800 gambler net Pretty big slate across Major League Baseball For today as mentioned got two money line three strikeout props I like based on the odds over at Fandall sports book Let's begin things off with the money lines that is between the blue jays and the Orioles I like the Orioles with money line, which is currently minus one or two over at Fandall sports book the implied odds and minus one or two Are fifty point five percent my model is the Orioles and fifty five percent to win and that's largely I think due to Some continued skepticism around Jose Barrios because Barrios if you look at the results page for him Has been much better recently a super slow start this year rough last year as well but then recently things have ticked back up and I think part of that is sticky because Barrios has done a very good job of suppressing hard contact in that sample and that's a skill It is something you can definitely sustain and continue over a longer run so part of what he's done is legit and probably gonna stick around but The plate discipline numbers for Barrios still not quite there And he's now going on the road to face a lefty heavy lineup Obviously losing Ryan Mountcastles things for the O's but like he wouldn't be a big factor in this game Anyway, because I want as many lefties against Barrios as possible and the O's now in their current construction are gonna have a lot of them Even with no Mountcastle even with no Mullins the Orioles still have a respectable 102 WRC plus against righties on the current active roster. So they're not fully depleted I would prefer that those guys were there personally, but it's not as if it's a bare cabinet with his offense anymore So looking at this matchup the Orioles are at home minus 102 money line kind of says that the Jays The better team on a neutral field, which I think is probably correct But 55% actually, I guess I would actually have the Orioles favorite on a neutral field to the 500 55% to win Either way, I think the O is undervalued at minus 102 So I will take them there as a quality bet to start things off for Wednesday Other money line for me is in a later game and that's the Diamondbacks taken on the Phillies I've like I like the Diamondbacks minus a 132 on their money line right now over at Fandall Sportsbook There has been some money coming in on the Phillies because this was minus 142 earlier on this morning So keep that in mind check out the market once you hear this go to see if this market has continued to move Against a move in favor of the Phillies because if it has me you can hold off and bet Arizona later on But I would want to take Arizona at some point because I think This market should not be moving drastically this way My model is Arizona pretty well above this the implied odds are 56.9% at minus 132 I've got them above 60% and a lot of that's because I buy into what Meryl Kelly has done this year He's added more strikeouts to his game without fully sacrificing the quality bad at ball that he's had for a very long time We talked about this with Robert Friedman pitching Ninja back on Friday where he was saying you know with this coaching staff He expects Kelly to continue to prioritize strikeouts didn't get a ton of those Friday, but if you can Prevent balls and play entirely that's gonna be better than keeping hard contact and check and Kelly's has still been okay in the bad at ball Department so more strikeouts still fine as far as the bad at ball stuff goes I think that's a great trade-off for sure the Phillies offense about average There are one or three WRC plus against righties so a little bit above average definitely not a plus matchup But the Dynabax have done pretty well against lefties so far this year I went into this year expecting them to struggle there But the numbers so far have actually been pretty good. So maybe this could be a spot rangers for as struggles a bit So I wouldn't have expected to be on Arizona here given that the Phillies were a team my model liked a lot coming into this year And Arizona was not as high Maybe a bit above market on them, but not super super high So I'm a bit surprised to be here, but I do like Arizona again Make sure you check the market later on because if this continues to shift towards the Phillies You may be able to get Arizona to better number later So I don't think this is one you necessarily need to take right now when you're listening to this You don't need to go get Arizona wherever they're at if there's still a minus 132 They've held steady there for a bit. Maybe you take them then but I just keep an eye on this market I would want to add Arizona at some point So I do think that they are undervalued in this matchup But it is worth noting the market has disagreed as of right now So check out that one see where it's at but the Orioles of minus one or two definitely one I want to get to for tonight So Orioles minus one or two and then the Arizona money line minus one 32 currently very okay with that I'd be okay with it about two minus 140 or so or 145 or so I think that's the point where I'd say I'm okay not not adding this one to the Bet slip there as far as strikeout props I actually want to go back to that Orioles game and talk about the first one here that is Kyle Bradish He is the starter for the Orioles for tonight His strikeout profit Fandall sportsbook is currently at four and a half and the over is plus one oh six I feel really good about that number and do want to add Bradish over four and a half at plus one oh six Bradish For me is projected at five point two strikeouts night and he's up there. Thanks to a Shift he has made recently which has been throwing his slider more often and if you go to baseball's event look at his His whiff rate by pitch that is his highest with pitch and in the first four starts for Bradish this year He did not throw the pitch more than twenty point five percent in any game He was under twenty percent in three of those first four starts, but across his path seven His total usage on his slider is thirty three point seven percent So way up from where it was earlier on this year across the seven starts Bradish has gone over four and has strikeouts in four seven games Including two of his three starts in Baltimore, which is where they're at for tonight. So it's facing the Jays That's obviously not a matchup. I see got super often the Bradish has been getting more strikeouts recently I do like the Orioles money line which does correlate with this bet as well So I think Bradish undervalued. I don't again typically go towards same game parlays Just because I need to like multiple legs in the same game I do happen to like multiple legs in the same game. So if you decide to parley these two together the The odds of fandal sports book are plus two fifty two I'd probably prefer to do them individually personally that is again personal preference based on the way I like to play things so not gonna go that route personally But if you want to go there if you want to get some same game parley stuff in I do think that is This is viable for me I will make them separate bets Bradish over four and a half plus one of six and the Orioles money line at minus one oh two Another strikeout prop for tonight Let's go out to the West Coast and talk about title glass now glass now is facing the A's and Obviously, that's a spot We're gonna love because we would expect last now to Dominate that offense go deep in the game and potentially rack up a good number of strikeouts But his strikeout prop accounts that pretty fully because under eight and a half for glass now It's currently minus one sixteen a fandal and I think that we should take the under in that one This is not a bet against glass now as a pitcher because he is looking great so far He's been Phenomenal is first or he starts and we know what he has done before his injuries as well So overall we love glass now super into him Just this number is really high for a guy who has not gone over 90 pitches yet He has not hit 90 pitches yet either his strikeout totals across the first three starts eight six and six and you know This is a high strikeout matchup. It's a bad offense. It's a bad park for hitting as well Which does help last now, but it's still a really big number for a guy who's still potentially ramping back up from an injury I also think about the rays in their situation. I know they've lost too straight to this exact Oakland team, but They're thinking long-term. They want to make sure that they are a fully healthy firing all on all centers cylinders team in October and Glass now is a key part of that So I don't expect them to toss them out there for 95 pitches for tonight and I think that's kind of where you need them to be in order to get a Strikeout projection this high. So I think glass now under eight and a half is scary I think it is not enjoyable to bet against Tyler glass now because it's so fun Back in our lives, especially in this matchup with the A's But I do think this is the right way to go from a a betting perspective So glass now under eight and a half minus 116 The next one I want to add one final strikeout prop going to the Reds and the Royals game I was on this game in DFS last night from a stacking perspective We're gonna talk about a pitcher here, which is a fun deviation and that pitcher has been really good so far this year Not sure how sustainable it is But I like Ben lively over for that strikeouts at minus 112 right now over at Fandall sportsbook lively has made five starts so far And I went into the stars with pretty low expectations But he's been crushing so far. He's had at least five strikeouts and all five starts His strikeout rate is 27.3% if you look at the swing strike rate on lively It does say that he's likely going to come back earth a bit But that may not happen here because he's facing a Royals active roster with a 25.7% Strikeout rate against righties this year. So it's another plus matchup for lively Even though it's on the road. I'm not sure we necessarily see the the hot streak for lively end tonight So this could like the glass now bet one of looking very foolish But I do think that it is our way to go and I think we should have interest in lively until Either he regresses or the market adjusts up a bit more on lively So I think over four and a half minus 112 is a good way to go there So the strikeout props for tonight Ben lively over four and a half minus 112 Tyler glass now under eight and a half minus 116 Kyle Braddish over four and a half at plus 106 all those numbers again over at Fandall sportsbook That's gonna wrap up baseball for today, but let's talk about some formula one Obviously no NASCAR to discuss this week because they are on their loan off week of the entire year Luckily, we do a formula one in North America. They're up in Montreal in Canada for the Canadian Grand Prix and If you look at the top of the odds board I feel like it's pretty appropriate accounting for the gains Mercedes made in Barcelona accounting for I would expect a bit of a bounce back for Aston Martin because it couldn't quite show any value on Fernando Alonso the podium Which I thought I might but not quite there yet So top of the board to me is pretty efficient if you're looking for value in this race I want to take out check out the points market to finish inside the top 10 And the best bet there to me is on Yuki Sonoda now Sonoda at Fandall sportsbook is two to one plus 200 You can get plus 225 elsewhere So as always shop around but I will say if 200 is or plus 200 as best you can get I am also showing value at that number personally The reason that I'm showing value in Yuki is that he's been weirdly steady this year He's been to start his F1 career a bit erratic Volatile for sure But this year he's been steady kind of the team leader now for Alpha towerie despite the fact He is younger the two drivers between him and Nick de Vries He's been like their team leader so far across seven races Yuki has two top 10 So that's a 29% rate that is under the implied odds at two to one under the implied odds of plus 225 as well So based on the first seven races, this would be a bad bet But Yuki has finished 11th in three others. So he's been a 11th or better in three and um Five out of seven races. He finished 12th in Barcelona But he also had a time penalty there if you look at the order in which drivers cross a line Sonoda was actually the 10th driver to cross the line there. Just didn't get credited with it Because of the penalty now obviously penalties are there for a reason so it's not like I should count that as being a top 10 but He's been hovering around this range all year long and he's been in contention for a top 10 pretty much every week So far this year even if he hasn't gotten credited with that finish The race pace for Sonoda has been trending up as well If you look at his median lap time last week or two weeks ago in Barcelona That was the best it has been this year relative to the field all year long Sonoda ranked 13th in overall form for me entering this race if you look beyond the top five teams So Aston Martin Red Bull for Sadie's Ferrari and Alpine if you look beyond the top five teams Yuki is also behind Lando Norris and Nico Hulkenberg for me But that's a kind of four in the odds Sonoda for me is 37 percent to finish inside the top 10 Applied odds a two to one are 33 percent implied odds at plus 225 or 31 percent So even if you can get just to 200 I think that's enough to justify betting Sonoda here So I haven't been on Yuki. I don't think yet so far this year, but I'm more than happy based on the pace He has shown how steady he has been I'm more than happy to change that here and buy into Sonoda at two to one for a top 10 in Montreal I also do a slight value in Joe Guan Yu at plus 420. It's not quite a big enough gap for me to get there Especially given Alfa Romeo has been pretty wildly inconsistent this year But good pace for for Guan Yu and for Joe in Barcelona So didn't quite get there, but it's at least a consideration You can find longer than plus 420 on Joe Guan Yu Maybe you want to lock that one in too But to me best bet for Montreal is going to Yuki Sonoda top 10 two to one a fan dual and plus 225 You can find elsewhere. That is all that we have here for today on covering the spread a lot of good stuff coming up Later on this week. We'll talk some NFL on tomorrow's show on Friday Rob Friedman pitching ninjas back talk about some strikeout props and the to lead the day in strikeout market over at Fandall Sportsbook You can get all those shows again by subscribing to covering the spread and the Fandall YouTube page If you like what you hear leave us a thumbs up on the Fandall YouTube page or leave us a five star rating on Apple podcasts Or on Spotify as well and again check out the US Open show with Brandon Gedula from yesterday If you've got any questions for me I am on Twitter at Jim Sonnis G I M S A N N ES you can also follow the Fandall podcast network at Fandall podcast want to thank you all for tuning in for today Good luck to you with your MLB bets for tonight and your F1 bets from Montreal We'll talk to you once again tomorrow to talk about some NFL This has been covering the spread right here on the Fandall podcast network