Hello, my name is Susan Cleary, and I'm the Director of Policy and Public Outreach at the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Oceans Environmental Science Affairs. And it's my pleasure to welcome you today to this live interactive event. It's for World Wildlife Day, and we're calling it Celebrating Wildlife Guardians. Wildlife trafficking is the illegal sale of animal or plant products alive or dead. It's a multi-billion dollar criminal activity that's decimating populations of iconic wildlife species, such as elephants, rhinos, tigers, and pangolins. It's destroying the economic livelihood of communities, threatening security, damaging fragile ecosystems, and contributing to the spread of disease. Frontline defenders and other wildlife guardians are putting their lives on the line each day to help curb wildlife trafficking. They're often invisible to much of the world, even as they stand between enormous criminal apparatus and the wildlife they've sworn to protect. So to help shed light on this important issue, I have two distinguished guests with me today, Juliana Machado-Farrera, who is a National Geographic Emerging Explorer, Senior Ted Fellow, and the founder of Freeland Brazil, and Mike Veal, who's a senior mammal zookeeper at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park, part-time ranger, and the founder of Global Conservation Force. Mike has worked extensively with animals for the majority of his career, and is a senior mammal keeper at San Diego Safari Park. His unparalleled access to some of the world's most endangered species, including two of the last northern white rhinos. Moved to action by what he saw every day, Mike completed a boot camp training course and became an anti-poaching ranger in Kruger National Park and founded Global Conservation Force. And Juliana is a conservation biologist who focused her career on working to fight illegal wildlife trafficking first in Brazil and now throughout South America. Through science, political engagement, professional training, and educational outreach, she aims to curb demand, strengthen law, empower police, and build international partnerships. She founded Freeland Brazil in 2012, and in 2014, National Geographic named her an Emerging Explorer. In 2016, she was awarded with the Wings WorldQuest Courage Award. She's also helping to pioneer the field of conservation genetics as a tool in combating trafficking, and I look forward to talking to her more about that. We're delighted to have you both here. Before we start our discussion, I wanted to say hello to everyone joining us online, as well as our viewing groups that are watching around the world. We're ready to take your questions, so please ask your question. You can use the chat space next to the video player or by using the hashtag WorldWildLifeDay. And with that, I wanted to start the conversation with a question to both of you, Juliana first. So how big is the wildlife trafficking problem? And what parts of the world are most effective? And do you see this as a problem that's growing? It's very difficult to have a good real estimate on something which is illegal, but those estimates which were made, they range from $10 billion to $40 billion per year depending if fisheries and timber are included. And according to the 2016 UN World Wildlife Crime Report, every region plays a role. So wildlife trafficking serves to supply different consumer markets, from religious artefacts to traditional medicine to wild pets, zoos and collectors, bioparasites for cosmetic and drug companies. So it exploits a very wide array of species from every single region in the world. So what we see is that although some kinds of trafficking and the demand may be decreasing, new fashion trends create others. So my feeling is that the demand is stable or even growing, especially when some items like ivory or rhino horn become commodities and get higher prices. So of course, Asian and Africa are the key actors in the wildlife trafficking scene, but now more and more we are looking at regions as South America as being very relevant as well. How fascinating. Mike, do you find that the same trends that Juliana outlined? Yeah, I do. I just want to make note too, it's categorized as the world's fourth largest illegal market and that's just behind weapons, drugs and human trafficking. So just to give the understanding of the scale of the problem, other factors include two superstitions all across the board to tie in with what Juliana was saying. We see on the ground that the superstitious markets and religious demands or cultural demands from Asia coincide with those that are on the ground in Africa as well. So rhino horn in particular, if you're talking about that, there is a traditional market for the African users as well, that they need to have their magic concoction or mootie so that they can be the best poacher, be invisible to the rangers, and that is also pulling demand for endangered or local wildlife, endangered species or wildlife. Well, one of the facts about wildlife trafficking that many people don't realize is the human toll. Today at the Department of State in Washington for World Wildlife Day, we're talking about frontline defenders in their communities. Mike, you've been on the frontline yourself. Can you share your experience and help us understand how this works in the field? Yes, so there's a drive for money in a lot of these rural communities which is changing the dynamics of culture. It's eroding the moral fabric and a lot of traditions are changing because now the village elders or the community members don't have the same aspirations. They want to get rich. They want to get rich fast. It has handed over power and money to gangs and more gang control. So in these local communities, there's a lot more violence. With violence and money comes the other side of the game which is the weapons, the drugs, and the human trafficking is tied into this. So we see the complete erosion that is all focal around wildlife trafficking and how much money they can make from doing this. And since it is not, they don't serve hard time for these sentences if they get caught. So it's a low risk high payoff for them if they get in trouble, if they get caught, if they have to sit and do time. It may be six months, two years, but it's going to be comfortable. It's a total backward system right now when it comes to the crisis zones. Well before we move on to some of the online questions, I want to remind everyone to ask their questions in the chat space next to the video player or via Twitter using the hashtag World Wildlife Day. We've got an online question and this one's for you, Juliana. In your current work, which includes combating wildlife trafficking in one of the world's most precious ecosystems, the Amazon, I mean, can you tell us why does it make a difference that there's wildlife trafficking in the Amazon? Why should the rest of the world be concerned about this? Actually, I think that the rest of the world should be concerned about all biomes, the Amazon's precious, and it's suffering pressure from all sorts of sites. So there is the illegal timber, there is the cattle, there is the deforestation, but other environments, other biomes are also suffering from even more than the Amazon, such as the Atlantic first, for example. But I think that we need to think about wildlife trafficking not only from the animal suffering perspective, but as a conservation, environmental conservation issue, because there are unpredictable impacts that can come from withdrawing these animals from nature, which can vary a lot and even bring species to the brink of extinction. And this can bring imbalances to entire ecosystems. So I think that we should be looking not just at the Amazon, but at several biomes. And I think that wildlife trafficking is just one side of this pressure that these ecosystems are suffering. And it's just one hand of the deforestation and lack of protection that they are under. That's really, Mike, you know, you in some ways represent a different side of the frontline defender story. You were moved to action by what you saw happening in the field. And you went out, and I understand you took an anti-poaching boot camp. I know a lot of people who are looking at this, they're very concerned, but maybe they can't go out and do what you did, put themselves on the frontline in such a direct way. What do you suggest people can do in their own lives to help with wildlife trafficking? I get asked this question all the time, and a lot of people feel like they can't connect. But with the internet and the way social media works these days, everyone has a role to play in this. From educating yourself on the topics that are going on, all the issues involved, to educating your friends and family, you can throw fundraisers, you can help with elected officials and local policies because the United States plays a major role in this. We were up until recent laws, one of the major stopovers for ivory and rhino horn, and we were just now closing those markets. So the impact is a global scale, but can start at home, and it can be as little as you know something about drones, you know something about communications, or you have somebody who's connected to law enforcement and maybe they have a new idea. Really you've got to think outside the box, but pretty much every application can be used for this because the problem is so global that we need all pieces to be plugged in so we can make a change at the end. Can I ask you that? Yes, please. I think that also people need to first and foremost understand that for example wild animals are not supposed to be pets, why follow these fashion trends, and understand that even when you buy something that looks legal, it can have entered the legal supply chain but can be poached or have an illegal source. And I think that people are unaware that the next door pet shop may have animals from illegal origins, and that's a problem that it's next door, it's here, and consumers here in the West, in Brazil, in big cities, may be supporting these entire illegal supply chains. So I think that first we have to think, why do we have this desire of owning something that belongs to a wild species and should be in the wild? And second, really think about that there are so many ways that dishonest people will do to bypass laws and regulations that even when something is completely legal, may not be sustainable, and when it looks legal, may not be completely legal. So I think we should be really aware of our responsibility as consumers concerning the supply chain of what we're buying. Yeah, that's fascinating. So Mike, can you walk us through this? How do these products get into a pet shop or get into a boutique? What does that look like? So from the ground level, you're going to see somebody from the local community who's connected to this system somehow. So someone approaches them and says, I hear you're the best person in this habitat, you're the best hunter. What if I gave you $10,000 in this rifle and you bring me back a rhino horn? And that pressure is stepping over from somebody from Southeast Asia who's saying, I need this and so you're going to get it from me. And if you don't, there's going to be a consequence or I'm going to go to the next guy who can. And so then it goes to the next level over all the way back to the demand market where there's somebody who's using it at home who may not understand the implications of what they're doing, just like Juliana is saying. If the end user or the purchaser, it's home for them. So someone who's in Hanoi may not realize that they caused the death of people and rhinos and corruption through government officials and embassies throughout the list just to get this end product. So they may not be realizing how that's going on where it literally started from home and one side and impacted home all the way across the continent or the world and everybody in between was affected. So causing on the front line for rhino poachers and ivory poachers, either the death of rangers and rhinos or the death of poachers and the impact to the local community and causing a divide or just the criminal network itself building a stronger base, taking over the local communities then all the way to the other side where even in the home communities of the user market, the gang members and the corrupt officials are getting money illegally and they are strong arming the rest of the world for their tactics and they are not doing it for the betterment of people or animals. It's short-sighted profit and greed. So Juliana, when you listen to that story, what do you think that have you seen a success story in changing people's consumer behavior and tamping down demand? How do you think you go about getting people to see this problem in a holistic way? I have to be optimistic, otherwise I would not be doing this kind of work. I think it is possible, but it takes a long time. It is my personal experience and it may sound a little cliche, but the work with kids is the one that has the best outcomes. So until all these kids who are being educated now grow up, we have to support law enforcement and we can't allow this crime to happen. But I think that what I find is that people are unaware of wildlife trafficking. They may hear about rhinos and elephants, but they are unaware about parrots or about little songbirds or about crocodile skins in a very fancy boutique and what we see I think can be summarized in two words, traceability and impunity, accountability. So we have a very difficult traceability problem. If we have a legal trade and we have an illegal trade, we have to differentiate them. And it's very easy to make illegal things seem legal through fraud, fraud, corruption, etc. So one thing may look legal, but may not be legal. When we educate people, we show them, for example, if I have the time, Obama's the Brazilian federal environmental agency is doing an operation called delivery, which is revolutionizing counter-war life trafficking in Brazil. Because what they're doing is instead of giving leg bands to identify chicks hatching captivity, to legalize breeders, just sending them by mail, they're going to these facilities and looking at the chicks to see if they were really hatched, they're really there. Just a couple of weeks, the Sao Paulo results came back with only 1.9% of the leg bands going to legal animals hatching captivity. 98% were going to launder poached animals from the wild. And they're going to look legal and be sold as legal and be traded as legal. So I think that when we show that to people and we show the volume and the impacts that stretch far beyond animal suffering, they include environmental impacts, human impacts, and all these governance impacts, economic impacts, I think people tend to change. Mike recently, Thula Thula Reserve in South Africa had an attack. And I guess my question is what can reserves do in the future to prevent poaching and to protect their people, their staff? I'm glad you mentioned Thula Thula. I was hoping to bring it up. We deployed our team to Thula Thula days after the attack, waiting for all the proper channels of clearance. And our team is currently there providing backup and support. It's all about proper funding. You don't want to send funds to the wrong organizations or organizations that appear to be doing something because that could hurt the ground. So the ground operations, for example, if there's 50 reserves in one zone and one is getting all the profit because they're the one that has the best marketing, you are hurting the rest of them because you create this conservation fallout zone where you have fort knocks of conservation right here and the poachers are going around it and they're wiping everything else out. Now that's not the case over there, but for Thula Thula, but what needs to happen is unfortunately this attack got people who were not paying attention to pay attention. And all of a sudden people are like, oh, it's getting worse. Oh, it's so bad. The only thing that's changing in my opinion is that people are becoming more aware and more involved. So by becoming educated in the situations that are happening, you can find the right channels to support the right efforts. Rangers on the ground, they hold the shield while policies and governments get the game together. SIDES boosts efforts. Federal agencies are capturing all the middlemen and the traffickers. And then to add to Julia's point a little earlier, educating the kids is the 20-year planned investment, where you start to see the change, what they see, the benefit of having ecotourism in a healthy, stable environment because people are traveling there to see this and that might be the only livelihood at the current time being. But Thula Thula's attack was pretty serious all around. It impacted people and the animals, two orphans were killed, two rhino orphans were killed, and the payoff for those horns is almost nothing. So it has us with more questions and answers at the moment where we're looking at the situation going, why would they go after orphans when the horns are so small unless there's tie-ins to other plans? So right now before I go too far into Thula Thula's operations, we are strategizing a long-term support plan, and we have our guys on the ground currently helping to defend and support Thula Thula so that this kind of attack doesn't happen again. Thank you. So we have a question from one of the online viewers named Andrew, and he asks, within the jurisdictions you work in, have you seen any impact from new wildlife laws on curbing demand or improving our facilitating enforcement efforts? There were some big wins recently, internationally, and are either of you seeing those laws making a difference? I am for sure. You can start. I can. Yeah. We're seeing it for sure. The internet is holding certain governments and other officials accountable, and the growing pressure from the awareness and all the laws are making it harder for these criminals to hide. And now with these new laws in place and more players in the field, if you will, more people are getting caught and they're getting prosecuted, where that wasn't happening just even two, three years ago. And I see another side of this issue is with different countries looking to strengthen their laws and enhance their collaborations in efforts such as the development of wildlife enforcement networks, countries such as, for example, Brazil feel pressured to enhance their national laws as well. Right now, the environmental legislation in Brazil, especially in concerning wildlife trafficking, is very weak. And it gives the wrong message to society and offenders because nothing happens to them. They're not held accountable. But I see a growing international pressure for the change. And I also see very committed governmental officers doing everything in their reach to prosecute these people, to try to use the laws that are available to them, to try to change the legislation. So there is a growing movement for sure. Well, both of you work with different types of wildlife guardians. And you yourself come from both very interesting backgrounds. A mammal keeper, a geneticist, respectively. So what kinds of professional fields do you think are underrepresented in wildlife trafficking? And where do you think that new players and new skills can be brought to bear on this global problem? Do you want to start? I can, yeah. I think that as a geneticist, I see with great eyes the work that I learned at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Forensics Lab, National Forensics Lab, which is a forensic lab that works only with wildlife-related crimes and evidence. So I see the role of science as very relevant right now. And I am very optimistic with the use of DNA, stable isotopes, and all sorts of different tools to enhance our traceability ability, to enhance our ability to infer the origin of animals with unknown origin, to return them back to the right place. So I think that scientists, people developing databases, studying population genetics to see what is the genetic variability like in nature so that we have the database to compare the animal with, I think that there is so much room there. And of course, people in the judicial system, lawyers and prosecutors that know the laws and understand why it's important to prosecute environmental crimes. Many times we see that judges and some prosecutors see them as lesser crimes, acceptable crimes. If judges understand that the offender has to be held accountable, has to have a penalty, has to pay for the damage, then things are going to start to change. So I think there is a lot of room for interested professionals. Mike, what do you see from your point of view? I think the judicial system is a huge, huge play in this. There are not enough people who specialize in some of these fields and they can be so specialized where, just like Juliana said, you have this massive court case come through and so many different individuals and agencies have finally got the person captured and sitting for their sentence and then they walk. So lawyers and judges, forensic crime scene, those databases that we use because we have to investigate all these different crime scenes individually. In the databases, there's a lot of science, like Juliana is saying, that there are so many avenues to work in and it's really important that we listen to those specific disciplines like population biologists, the forensic guys who can tell you the date, time, age, frame of these specific incidents and how they categorize that for our court case. And then on another side of it, the science and technology field has just amplified our reach to whole new levels. We use drones on the ground, we use handheld GPS. We use different scanning tools and just regular cameras every day make everything so much easier for documentation. So the technology field is a real easy one to kind of just jump into and offer help with because most of the time there isn't enough funding and conservation to get that really nice technology that we need in the field. Can I just add to that, that's true, because there is so much room. Some tech students back home were doing their final project and they were trying to develop some sort of scan that would scan cars going through major roads and highways in Brazil to try to find heartbeats or heat from trafficked birds. So all sorts of crazy things are being done. Yeah, no, I know, well, Mike, we know you partially because San Diego Zoo was very much part of the State Department Zoo hackathon this year, which brought together coders, tech people, graphic artists, and others to sort of come up with tech solutions for demand reduction. It was really interesting. We do have a question now coming in from Twitter, from our US Embassy in Madrid. And the question coming from Europe is what's the role of Europe in wildlife trafficking and what can government agencies do to help? Europe stands as a hopping point for a lot of these traffickers. Wherever the laws are weakest for wildlife trafficking, those are the safe havens for the criminals that are using their networks. There have been networks caught in Ireland. There have been networks caught in the UK. I think it was London in specific. France just tightened down some some laws recently. And it would come to a shock to many that just because there isn't, you don't feel it happening in your country. That doesn't mean that it's not a problem there because just like we were referencing earlier, the United States was playing as one of the largest markets for ivory and illegal wildlife products. And it was because we didn't have specific laws. So if you got caught in the States, if you made a million dollar purchase and a million dollar profit out here on illegal wildlife goods, you could serve maybe six months if they got you in the right line. So Europe stands to be closing the bridge for these wildlife traffickers so they don't have safe havens to move their product around and also just working in collaboration with all the different agencies across the world. It's a global scale problem, so these guys are going to be all over the place and they may come from parts of Europe. And it's not only a very relevant consumer market, but a very relevant part of, for example, from South America to Europe, to then Asia or the Middle East. So it's a part of transition, yeah. And I don't know if the situation is still as I'm going to tell you, but a couple of years ago I learned that, for example, in Switzerland, offspring of illegal smuggled animals was actually considered legal. That's legalizing trade. So some of the biggest, I think, parot or bird breeders in the world are in Europe. There was one in Switzerland, one in Spain, if I'm not mistaken. And it's just insane because they get their illegal mattresses and then they start to profit out from this illegal offspring that's legalizing trafficking. So it's very important that good policy is built to prevent that from happening. Can genetics help with something like that? Of course. Of course. It's very exciting because not only we can use paternity tests to if there is not a match of the offspring with the parents, you can that's a good indication that the offspring was poached and they're trying to make it look legal. Depending on how much database we have on the species, we can try to trace which population of origin that animal was taken from. And we can also, I think that it's possible and scientists should be thinking about it as well, to use individual DNA profile as part of the required documentation to every single animal of wild species, which is bred in captivity with commercial purposes, because then you cannot fake it, you can do counterproofs throughout the animal life, and there is no way to fake the animal's DNA. So by all means, yes. How fascinating, Mike, we have a question in and it goes to the point that you made about the role of beliefs and in the wildlife trafficking space. And the question is what role, if any, do religious communities play in countering wildlife trafficking and poaching? I can't say that religious communities in particular have a specific role in the trafficking itself. Really, it just kind of boils down to what region and what species you're dealing with. However, if you're speaking culturally by cultural beliefs and it could tie into some religion from specific areas, some of these demands are fortified for those beliefs. So, you know, not necessarily that it's a cure for cancer, the rhino horn belief, or it could be part of a ceremony or it could be that this art object for this specific religion has to be made from X blank, you know, certain wildlife product. And some of those are pulling in this animal demand. But it's I couldn't say that like specific religions play specific roles. Although we have seen religious leaders take on really important roles in talking about some of these issues. That's what I was going to mention, because from one side, some religious beliefs generate demand. And in South America, both within countries as well as international, so we have wildlife trafficking to feed religious beliefs from other parts in the world, such as Asia. However, not only some religious people could help decrease demand by, for example, understanding that whatever they believe in, all creation is sacred or respecting life. But religious leaders have an amazing educational tool in their hands and they can help educate communities, entire communities look up to their religious leaders and listen to them. So it's a huge educational force that they have, that if they were to really get in this this this war we have against wildlife trafficking, it could make a difference for sure. Well, that's a great example of of different organizations that can play a role in this in this debate that that maybe you hadn't really thought would naturally be involved in these kinds of discussions. You both have your own organizations. But when you look around, what other organizations do you think are doing a good work to any other people that you really want to give a shout out to? Well, yeah, yeah, actually traffic is doing amazing work. The Eagle Network, the Eagle Action Network of your jury, his crew, Wild Aid and their awareness campaigns and their consumer reduction. And then there's so many on the ground that are just doing amazing work that they're working with pockets of specific species or specific markets. And it's really important that for all of us in this field that we work together because you create small island nations and you isolate everybody out. Well, you're not doing anybody any favor and you're ruining the chances for the success for the wildlife. But if we can partner and work across the board, we have more tools that are disposable, more brains, more eyes on more, more eyes and boots on the ground kind of thing. There's there's a lot there are a lot out there. I would be I would want to compose a huge list. I have to at least talk a little bit now. I have there is a role for everyone. It's it's such a big problem that instead of competing, we need to be collaborating. Freeland Foundation has a great initiative that they're calling the Star Alliance against wildlife trafficking, getting NGOs, governmental institutions, intergovernmental, so getting everyone on board. So for example, the Roots Program is an USAID and traffic. WCS is doing amazing work in Latin America. There are some people on the ground in Brazil. SOS Fauna is an amazing underground organization where I started as a volunteer and stayed for seven years and learned so much and they are doing such incredible work and so many very committed governmental officers, the federal police in Brazil. I can cite Obama state police and really so many people coming together. So I think that the answer is, again, another cliche, but so many people are well organized, crimes are organized, let's organize as well. So I believe in bridging and collaborating. So everyone has a role. There are people working with vulnerable communities, with education and income, stable income programs. There are people working to against criminals and trying to get to traffickers. People working with public policy in Brazil. WWF does a lot of public policy. So everyone has their own niche and and only by organizing and collaborating and working together and civil society alongside with governments and not against them is that we're going to start to change because the criminals, they are well organized. Absolutely.  I mean, I'm sort of fascinated by the work you're doing with rhinos, which are are so threatened right now. When you look at the work that you have been doing with this particular species, what sort of stands out as as one of your more memorable experiences? So for patrol or just in general, like like arrests or whatnot, there's there's so many actually I know it must be hard to pick one. How about on patrol? I think in some ways it was interesting to have both the experience of a zookeeper and the experience in the field. I'd say some of it, I guess it's a generalized thing. Some of the things that stand out to us most is when we jump in with another anti-poaching unit and we provide support, so advanced training and combat, tracking technology, we place drones and we get them all this gear, you took the same guys and you know what their potential is, but they don't know it yet. And you've energized them and you've given them the strength that they didn't think they had. And now you took 15, 30 guys who were almost afraid of what they were doing. And now they've completely embraced it. And they're just locked down and their hammers on nails for getting things done. So that every time that happens is probably one of the most memorable. And then any time you capture a poacher before they've committed the act, that is a huge win. I can't say that happens all the time. It's actually a lot more complicated than it would seem to capture poachers because of how organized they are. But when that happens, those are those are the true standout moments. Juliana, you must have some memorable moments in your work as well. I have so many, but I think I want to go back to my field biologist time back when I was with SOS Fauna. They did a seizure of I don't remember now, I think 80 parachutes that were just recently took as nestlings. They didn't even have feathers yet and they work with the police. So they knew where they were from and they are going to say they knew where they were taken from the organization. Rehabilitated the the parrots and they were very well cared for. They were strong, they're flying. They were beautiful and healthy when it came to the time to release them back in the wild in a technically responsible release and in the correct spot. And SOS Fauna did all this work. I was I was volunteering. So but I remember traveling back to Mato Grosso with those animals which were healthy and strong. But then they went through a 40 day acclimation period in which they got fed the natural food sources. Their feathers started to get this amazing color that I had never seen before. Their eyes started to glow because they had the sun and they had the rain and they had the seeds and the flowers and they started to shine. And then when they were released, they fly it out and they were feeding on the correct food sources and they were vocalizing and pairing up in Paris. A month later, they were copulating and suddenly we had eggs and chicks. And they were so colorful and like life went back into them. It's like they were healthy, but there was no vital energy. And after just 40 days, they were just shining in such a way that I will never forget in my life. No, it's really amazing.  Mike, do you have a moment when that really made you decide that this was how you're going to spend your professional career? Yeah, I had a couple. When I was watching the stats rise again for elephants and rhino and recently giraffe, pangolin, vultures, all of the above, I was like I couldn't sit still anymore and I'd been working kind of towards my young life and adult life going towards all of these backgrounds into one. And so when I went and got past ranger training, which was hard, it was like the moment where I tied all these different fields into one point. And then I could branch out and start impacting all of the angles that I wanted to because before that I was working all different avenues. But when I became a graduated ranger, I really then knew this is this is it. This is where it's going. Both of you have such such fascinating careers and such interesting lives. What advice do you have to young people to find to find a career that's as inspiring as the work that you do? Juliana, what people must ask you all the time, how do I get to be you? No, you don't want to be me. I think that I will start with the cliché and then I'm going to say what I really want to say, but I think that you have to come from the heart because it's difficult, it's underpaid, it's overworked. Your family has to be fully supportive. So it has to be something that you cannot rest your head in the pillow at night if you don't do something. It's like for the older people, it's like when Neil from The Matrix took the red pill instead of the blue pill. You cannot not know those things anymore. And then how can I live knowing those things and not doing anything about it? So it's this sort of drive that comes from within and makes you restless. But I like to say that if you're getting a lot of knows and if you're bothering a lot of people, you're probably on the right path. Keep on doing it. You need to question. You don't have to accept status quo and you don't have to care too much about money as well, because it's difficult. But go ahead, go go against the norm, go against the status quo, try to change things. Otherwise, yeah, I agree. I you have to be in it for the passion of wildlife and what you really the actual avenue that you want to be a part of, because you're not going to get a lot of sleep. You're going to work a lot. You're not going to get paid well comparatively to a regular business. And you're going to be restless at all times because there's always something else you want to get done. You're never satisfied with what you're working on, because there's just this massive problem and so many species and so many avenues to work in that you just want to keep going. That's great. We have a viewer on Twitter and has a question about South Africa and their latest proposal to commercialize rhino horns at the national level, which might create a legal market. We both sort of talked about this before, but I wonder, Juliana, do you have a thought on that? And maybe, Mike, since you know Africa a little bit more, you can comment as well. I think that it has to be a balance and an equilibrium because people need to use wildlife products and there is an economy and people need to make a living. But as a rule, what I see mostly in South America is that when we have a legalized trade and a legalized breeding program or commercialization, people say it can supply the demand. So taking the pressure out of decreasing the illegal market, what we see is that the legalized market generates demand because it makes people want more. It makes law enforcement very difficult because you have to differentiate legal from illegal, makes it easy for illegal merchandise to enter the legal supply chain and then a huge flow of money into the illegal and it doesn't supply the demand. Turns out that it just generates, creates more and complicates. So I understand that we're not close to the time when we're not going to use wildlife, but I think that especially with the rhinos and that the situation is so serious and you can talk about this much better than I can, we cannot take this risk. It's too risky. I agree. The time to have tried that would have been 100 years ago. If we wanted to defeat this, so we have a growing market first coming from Asia and we are only seeing a tiny percentage of the demand because that's the market that can afford the rhino horn. If we stop everything, turn tides and give it to them, we are going to create more users. And then from our perspective on the ground, we have the burden of proof for so many things already. If we have to sit in a court case and you have corrupt officials that are actually counterfeiting all these documents saying this is a legal horn, this is an illegal horn, we have another avenue to lose. And it's a big one because now they're getting more money and they're going to launder it through that system. It's not a good idea. I don't agree with it at all. Like I said, we are looking at less than we're looking at approximately 25,000 rhinos left total. Their horns grow at, on average, two inches a yearish, maybe. The level of value behind this horn is 40 to $50,000 per kilo on the streets. It's way out of control and out of proportion right now. So the domestic market that they proposed is just a false front because no one in South Africa is using rhino horn. So you've just legalized the movement within the country that has the biggest problem and we are not going to make any more progress if we do it at this 11th hour. We are like at 11.59 right now and we're just starting to make progress in a lot of avenues. This would be the floodgate that could change the tide and we can't take that risk right now. I encourage people taking a look. It's free online, the UNODC 2016 report on wildlife crime. It has so much information and so much about these products becoming commodities, speculation commodities. And there is so much good information, even if you just read the summary. I really encourage everyone taking a look. It's been such a fascinating conversation. I think we have time, unfortunately, for only one more question. But just on that note, when you are looking at the incredible challenges, I mean, and the global nature of them, what do success look like? I mean, when you are sort of trying to say what you want to achieve, how do you set a goal in that space? I have one. My goal is to work until the day my work is not needed anymore. I dream about being out of a job. That's mine too. When we measure success, though, there are hundreds of incursions. There are thousands of rangers across the continent of Africa. There are poachers all over the place. Every single day that we don't lose a ranger to poacher in the sense that someone has died, every single day that we are not doing a crime scene or taking animals out of a snare or having to do a complex raid, we are we're showing success. When we're trying to deal with individual communities and we can get an entire community to now be part of the support network, that's a huge success for us. Where it's not an us versus them, because we're not trying to create that. But in some places it has become that where the community feels that it's conservationists versus them. And when we can tie them back into their local heritage, that's a huge success for us. I think we've got one more question. Try to get time in for coming from Windhoek. Do you think the question is, do you think governments are doing enough to protect endangered species and are there perhaps something more that can be done? I think that there are too many interests on the table. So I can go about all the conservation implications. But if there is an industry behind, if there is if there are economic interests behind something, they're going to have very strong lobbying abilities. So I think that we have to look at this problem. More it's a national problem where governments need to take action. But also wildlife doesn't see borders. They don't know borders. So we have to think internationally as well. And there's some one point that I would like to make is that governments should be doing more, but when it comes to international community, the only framework we have to protect species and regulate the trade is CITES. And CITES suffers from economic and political pressures as well. So there are several species that are and that shouldn't be listed in CITES. There are not. And also the book of the wildlife trafficking. We have lots of species which are non-CITES listed, but they are. They were illegally harvested. Do you know if they cross national borders, they could be traded in theory internationally legally. So we have to start looking at non-CITES listed species in the international trade as well, because if these illegal harvested species that reach national borders were to be counted in the wildlife trafficking statistics, they would skyrocket. I agree. We've only just begun getting really into wildlife trafficking. If you're looking at the last several years, there's a lot to be done still. I don't think a lot of governments are doing enough. I think that there could be more policies put in place. Conservation is always behind weapons, drugs and human trafficking for funding. However, at least in our field and some of the bigger schemes of poaching, we're dealing with terrorism, weapons trafficking, drugs trafficking and human trafficking, however, we're doing it without the massive budgets that the other government bodies or NGOs are dealing with. So there's a lot of room for more support. And I just wanted to add that governments need to set the tone. They need to send the message. So if you have weak legislation that says that wildlife trafficking is a misdemeanor, that sends the wrong message. So we, as a society, we need to make this choice. Are we willing to take the chances of losing these animals and having this impact? Are we willing to take this change? And it's up to the governments to say, no, and here's a regulation and the offenders will be held accountable. So we cannot wait. Governments cannot wait anymore. They need to show to send the message. Yeah, we have one more comment from our US Embassy in Accra, Ghana. And the question is, what's the role of youth? We talk about governments, we talk about NGOs. But what can young people do? And do you have any advice on concrete steps they could actually take to make a difference? Become educated in your local wildlife issues. See how that plays internationally. And then within every kid in school and every elementary school, high school, whatever it is, those kids are the next step for defense. They're the next geneticists, rangers, policy writers, judges, lawyers. If they're informed at a young age and they can start fine tuning what they want to do, they can step into the workforce and really make a bigger impact because not as many people are at this point, you know, at the same stage that they could be in 20 years. So education awareness is huge for the kids. They can start volunteering in all these lesser efforts that build the bigger picture because there's so many different avenues. But then the kids can also, once they've kind of hit into the adult life frame, they'll be ready to tackle many of the bigger challenges. I think that kids are tomorrow's consumers. So I think they need to be educated and don't become a consumer. Ask yourself, why do you need, why do you feel so cool to own that exotic snake or bird? Why do you have this drive? What's your relationship to animals and to the wild? Do you love that animal? So do you want to have it yourself? Are you going to treat your girlfriend like that as well? Why do you need to own something? So we think your relationship to the wild, we think your choices as a consumer and in that market economy, as we live in most of the world, the consumers set the tone as well. So don't become tomorrow's consumers of illegal wildlife or wildlife if you can. Yeah. Before we go, do you want to tell us one more thing you want us to think about for World Wildlife Day tomorrow? The topic at the State Department today, of course, is is honoring wildlife defenders looking at the people around the front line as as both of you are on this fight. But any concluding remarks? Yeah, I would say get involved. If you have questions or you want to be involved, ask. You know, there are so many organizations, see what you can do. We don't have any time to waste. Unfortunately, where we're out with many species, we're at or past the irreversible damage point, and so now we're salvaging. So don't wait to get involved, get involved as quickly as you can. I think that conservation issues and wildlife trafficking should be seen as with the seriousness that it is, as I said before, it's not just about animal suffering, it's about impacts that stretch far beyond our reach, extract environmental impacts, economic impact, social impacts. So understand and treat that with seriousness, because what we see with our rangers in the front lines, not only they are understaffed, under-equipped, under-trained, underpaid, but they are sometimes mocked by their counterparts who work with drugs and narcotics. They say, oh, there you go, saving little birds. You know, so we need to be educated. These guys are heroes, and the societies need to understand the real impacts and the real reach of wildlife trafficking. And the numbers are shocking. So I believe a thousand people killed in the line of duty over the last decade. And I think that's a story that we're really happy that you helped us tell today. So unfortunately, we're out of time. I just wanted to thank our panelists for joining us today, Mike Field and Juliana Machado-Farera, as well as our online viewers and the watch parties gathered at our US embassies and consulates abroad, including embassies Accra, Windhoek and Madrid. And if you're interested in following up on the very important work that our speakers are doing, I encourage you to check out Mike and the Global Conservation Force on Facebook. I believe it's facebook.com backslash RINOS GCF and check out Juliana's Facebook page at facebook.com backslash Free Land Brazil. And if you miss the first part of this program and come back to this page tomorrow, you can watch the full program on demand. And please check us out on Facebook and on Twitter for more information about wildlife trafficking and other environmental issues. Thank you very much and goodbye.


Accessibility Toolkit in Moodle 3.11 In collaboration with Brickfield Education Labs, teachers now benefit from a course accessibility checker to find and identify accessibility issues. Useful information is displayed graphically. Admins can sign up to the starter toolkit or purchase advanced functionality from Brickfield Education Labs. The premium services are available on a yearly subscription and provide extra features on top of the starter, including enhanced analysis of content, advanced reporting, automated fixing of accessibility issues and improved workflows for users. In this Moodle 3.11 site, our administrator goes to Site Administration, Admin Tools, Accessibility and registers her site online with Brickfield Education Labs. She can activate this and specify some default settings from Accessibility Toolkit settings and now her teachers can check the content of their courses. Teacher Mr Wilson turns on the editing in his course and adds the accessibility review block. And note, this is not seen by his learners. He requests a review and after some time receives a report with accessibility errors. We can see here, for example, that there are two layout errors and five link errors. A heat map shows a coloured and textual view of the areas of concern and he can toggle this by clicking the icon. He can download the report or, as he's doing here, he can view it online. The first tab displays a list of errors with a link to go directly to the locations and correct them. The Activity Breakdown displays a ratio of past to failed instances in total per activity and the Content Type Chart page displays the error breakdown per content type group in our Teacher's Case, Layout and Links. There's a useful summary report and the Advanced tab presents the advanced functionality available if upgrading to the purchased Enterprise version. Our teacher uses the Accessibility Review Block and Toolkit to correct his highlighted errors. The system automatically re-analyses the updated content after any edit, updates the resulting error data and displays this when the teacher next views his course. And Mr Wilson is happy to learn that his course now passes. To summarise, an Accessibility Toolkit is available from Brickfield Education Labs, allowing teachers to find and identify accessibility issues in their courses.


So you want to use a UI button to trigger your animations, not a problem. To start, make sure you have an animation sequence variable turned into an array and populate it with whatever animations you might want to use. I'm just using the default Unreal animations. So from the button you want to trigger the animations, drag out a get actor of class and set it to whatever blueprint your character is using and then drag out a play animation node and the return value should be connected to the target. This should be the same name as the skeletal mesh from your target. In my case, mine is called SM body for skeletal mesh body. Then under the new anim to play, get whatever index from the animation array you want. I'm just going to pick the third animation and drag it in like so. You're done. Hope that helps and as always, I'll be have a fantastic day and I'll see you around.


You can teach certain things. You can teach people how to do a CD package. You can teach people how to draw certain details. You can teach people how to work through a process. You can't teach someone how to be a good designer, and that might be subjective, and that might be something that we consider one way and somebody else might consider another way. But it's about speaking kind of a common language where you're going to be able to sit down with somebody, talk to them about an idea, give them some responsibility and some ownership of something so that they can begin to author something on their own. But when it comes back to you, it's going to be something that's within the language that you want to speak. And that's something that's very difficult to teach. And I think we've seen kids coming out of school who are very talented, who are very dedicated, and who are passionate about what they're doing. But their understanding of the language that we speak, and again, ours might be different than someone else's, is just incompatible. And no matter how hard you try, you're never going to find that compatibility. There's execution and conceptualization. They're two very different things. And the people in the academic world, a lot of people can execute, but they're not always the best sort of ideas, you know, big idea thinkers, and there are people that are great ideas and they can't execute anything. You need both qualities to really be valuable in the workplace. One or the other doesn't really do the trick. Well, there are a lot of firms that actually just want executors. We're not interested in just executors. They don't create a better product for us here. Every institution is different. I think there are some institutions that try to prepare their students for the workforce, and there are other institutions that don't at all. And no matter how hard you try to prepare, I don't think you're ever prepared for it. I mean, we have seen some pretty dismal approaches to the profession. And we had different experiences. We had very different experiences. I think that what you look for school to do is to prepare you how to be an intelligent thinker. I don't think you can ask for any more than that. And I think inherent in any design profession, wherever you go and you meet with somebody, they need to prepare you how to present your work, talk about it intelligently, and graphically show it well, but also just how to think through a problem. Because I think good thinkers can sort of fake their way through the first year out of school. Bad thinkers are a parent in the first two hours, three hours of work, and it never gets better. And what a school can teach you how to do, and this is whether it's in a history class or design class, is edit. If you come out of school and you know how to edit, you will always be able to look at any idea, any concept, and get to the heart of it. And you'll be able to distill all of the other stuff away from it, and you'll be able to focus on what's important and what you're being asked to do. So whether you're being asked to do it by a boss or by a colleague or by a client, you need to be able to get to the heart of that. And all too often, we see students who just have no ability to edit. And it's really, if there's one thing that you could come away from school with, it's that ability to really understand what's being asked of you and edit it down and provide that. And provide that in a competent, beautiful, successful way, but provide that. I mean, regrettably, and again, I've sat in a few of math reviews at Pratt over the past few years, and the people that know how to present their work well might not always have the best project, but if they can present it well and make it seem compelling, then they do well in the end. So that is as much a part of it as anything else. I think, you know, people that overinvest time in generating product aren't always telling the best story in the end. Socially conscious design is sort of an interesting term. I think we would say that all good design throughout history is both sustainable and socially conscious. All good design throughout history has thought about how to use natural light, natural ventilation, the correct orientation, social consequence, context. That's good design. If you're thinking about all of those things, I mean, that's what architects are. Architects are synthesizers. You know, we're kind of the, we're trying to take all of these specialists, all of these consultants who are sort of technologically, you know, or who are adept in a particular area and synthesize all of their information with all of this sort of contextual and visual and social information. And that's sort of what we're doing. And the best architects have always done that. They've always done that very successfully. So when you're thinking about design, I think you should always, you always need to be thinking about its impact on a particular context. When that context is at a scale that implies a social consciousness, then you have to be thinking about that. You have to be thinking about those implications. Our firm primarily has focused on residential design. We've worked for very wealthy people with very deep pockets to execute their homes, whether they be renovations in the city or ground up construction outside of the city. And for us, sustainability first and foremost deals with a better understanding of how people live and how we can create a more efficient way of living. What that means, I think, is a whole dissertation in and of itself that we could go into for a while, but it really speaks to, you know, if you look at the category of McMansions that have littered the landscape of this country over the past 20 years, those really embody the negative extreme. If you look at sort of, you know, interesting housing projects that have developed in inner cities that are trying to deal with certain levels of efficiency, minimizing redundancy in program, if you start with that, you're starting with a fairly sustainable envelope. If you're just eliminating more space and you're building more efficient space, it's better, point blank. We also want to, you know, understand how newer materials on the market can be integrated into our design in a way that contribute to the design concept. And again, aren't just an application. I think that's something that we continue to come back to with all of our projects, not making things disappear as though they're stuck on, but how do they really sort of energize the design approach. Sustainability to us isn't about just slapping on solar panels or reclaiming water or all these sort of buzzwords that you read about every week in, you know, L Magazine or Vogue Magazine. It's sort of something that's embedded in the design and quite simply we believe that good design is sustainable design. Like Andrew said, I mean, we were doing very large houses, large residential developments for very wealthy people. So to say that we didn't have to pay attention to sustainability is maybe too bold, but it wasn't really initially part on our radar screen. It's just not something that we had to deal with. Once we won the competition in New Orleans, we started to understand more about what the basic principles were about. And that really started to interest us. And it wasn't so much that we didn't have to deal with it. We actually then became really kind of interested in it and fascinated by how it brought about change. And one of the interesting things about sustainability is that, you know, in fact we're going to be speaking about this in a couple of days, but sustainability, the sustainable movement has sort of come about mostly because of this question about our atmospheric conditions and greenhouse gases and so on and so forth. And ultimately it's about energy reduction and it's about natural resource use reduction so that we don't have such a great impact on the planet. And those are all well and good. We believe in those things, we believe in those smart things to do. The interesting thing about sustainability is that it has had a kind of ripple effect down at a local level that I think most people wouldn't necessarily understand as related back to this larger energy picture. And the local consciousness is one that also we strongly support. It's about walkable cities. It's about public transportation. It's about shop local campaigns. It's about strengthening your community. It's about making sure that your neighborhood involvement is one where within your local context you have what you need to survive. And that's something that we've learned coming out of the New Orleans project, but it's something that we learned is a very, very strong principle that should be embedded in most, in all societies. And if it's related to energy consumption, great. But what it does is create a much more positive atmosphere for living. And that's something that is architect we just believe in wholeheartedly. If you can reduce your footprint, be more efficient, create something that is more enjoyable to live in that everybody can benefit from, that's why we do what we do. And it's interesting because I think that the net effect of it all in some ways is much more tangible than the kind of, you know, the big picture goals that may have started this all to begin with.


Hi and welcome to the session. Let us discuss the following question. Question says, in figure 6.21, A, B and C are points on O, B, O, Q and O, R respectively. Such that A, B is parallel to P, Q and A, C is parallel to P, R. Show that B, C is parallel to Q, R. This is the given figure 6.21. First of all, let us recall basic proportionality theorem. It states that, if a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle, intersecting other two sides at two distinct points, then the other two sides are divided in the same ratio by this line. If we are given DA is parallel to BC in this triangle ABC, then AD upon DB is equal to AE upon BC. DE is parallel to BC and it is intersecting AB and AC at two distinct points, D and E. So, by basic proportionality theorem, AD upon DB is equal to AE upon EC. Now, let us understand converse of basic proportionality theorem. Converse of basic proportionality theorem states that, if a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line is parallel to the third side. That is, if we are given in triangle PQR, DE is dividing PQ and PR in the same ratio. That is, PD upon DQ is equal to PE upon ER. This is given to us. Then, DE is parallel to QR. This is converse of basic proportionality theorem. This is the key idea to solve the given question. Now, let us start the solution. First of all, let us write what is given in the question. In figure 6.21, AB is parallel to PQ and AC is parallel to PR. Now, we have to prove that BC is parallel to QR. Now, let us start the proof. First of all, let us consider triangle OPQ. In triangle OPQ, AB is parallel to PQ. This is given in the question. So, by basic proportionality theorem, we get OA upon AP is equal to OB upon BQ. Let us name this expression as 1. Now, we will consider triangle ORP. In triangle ORP, AC is parallel to PR. So, by basic proportionality theorem, we can write OC upon CR is equal to OA upon AP in triangle OPR. AC is parallel to PR. This is given in the question. So, by basic proportionality theorem, we get OA upon AP is equal to OC upon CR. Let us name this expression as 2. Now, in expression 1, OA upon AP is equal to OB upon BQ. And in expression 2, OA upon AP is equal to OC upon CR. So, from expression 1 and 2, we get OB upon BQ is equal to OC upon CR. Since both the ratios are equal to OA upon AP. Now, let us consider triangle OQR. In triangle OQR, we are having OB upon BQ is equal to OC upon CR. We have proved it just now. So, by converse of basic proportionality theorem, we get BC is parallel to QR. So, we can write in triangle OQR, OB upon BQ is equal to OC upon CR. This we have proved above. Now, by converse of basic proportionality theorem, we get BC is parallel to QR. We know converse of basic proportionality theorem states that if a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then line is parallel to the third side. Here BC is dividing OQ and OR in the same ratio. So, BC is parallel to QR. This is our required answer. Hence, proved. This completes the session. Hope you understood the session. Take care and have a nice day.


Playtime in the afternoon in Suffolk, England, 1676. The game, a croquet as it was played then, heavier mallets because they were lead-weighted, wider wickets and leather-covered balls. The thought you just heard was a pretty one, made by Guy Marcy. And now a friend of his, John Nims, leans over to line up his shot. Beautiful shot. And now John's cousin, Roger, kneels down to fight his shot. Careful player, lines it up and...  Tonight, I report to you on Roger Nims, how he, low-dead, won the game. Crime classics. A series of true crime stories taken from the records and newspapers of every land, from every time. Your host each week, Mr. Thomas Hyland, connoisseur of crime. Student of violence. And teller of murders. Now once again, Mr. Thomas Hyland. In the English off the coast of Suffolk, and the English were retaliating. The latest and greatest naval war of the 17th century was being fought. The war which gave to history Thomas Golding, who demanded only a flaming deck and clean cutlass. And above these battles, white cliffs above, was the castle of the Nims family. And the Nims' cousins used to sit and watch the skies being lighted with a shock of sea battle. They watched because they believed this must superior to taking part. They were rich and had paid other men to fight the Dutch in their place. Roger and John, lads of 20, orphaned both. And when there was no fighting to watch, they would have sports. Play croquet. Pretty cousins. Pretty, pretty, a rippie rollie. And truth and mark me twice. I've won again. It'll be when you'll take Guy Marcy into a game. I could die happy. Oh, speak not of dying. It's only jetting. Yet each thing you wish. You say if you could have it, you would die happy. I want to hear none of it, so let me speak of it. Cousin, cousin. Good cousin to worry of me. And why not? Responsibility that you are to me. Responsibility? Me to you? Seven me how? How wealthy you are. All that's in it, and the land, and the thunder, let yours. Only because you are kind to me. All the wealth is yours, and it's your name. But if I should die before you... It will be mine, this castle, and all that's in it, and the land... Cousin John. I know. The will you've made to me. Good cousin. Kind. Cousin John. Yes, cousin. I've changed it again. The will. The will. Changed it. How? Or should I have children, then all my estate, and all my wealth to them? Or he or she? Oh, only fair. For if I had children, then I would be a father. And as father, I would get to my progeny. Cousin Roger. Yes, cousin John. Is there anything on your mind, cousin Roger? Last night, dear cousin, and you will be happy for me. I met a maid. Oh? A duck, a bun some maid. Lully with pinky cheeks, and throat of soft and white, and hair of radiant. I met you this maid. I saw her in the village green. And spied this maid with courage that would make you blush. Tell me, she played a croaky on the public green. Oh, and she had a slingest to her wrist. And I spoke to her. And we played a game. And after went walking, oh, and she told me her name was Mary. Mary of Southolt. And you've heard of the maids of Southolt, cousin. The marrying maids of Southolt. Yes. Another game, cousin. Very well. Losers first, I've heard it said. You've heard it said indeed. So bring your mallet, cousin, and we'll have joyous games. Too bad. Roger won again. So they sacked mallets and went inside. If cousin Roger noticed that cousin John hardly touched his loser's cup, he didn't say a word. Nor did he protest too much when John announced he was going out. The tumbling, I go, cousin. I've not done it for so long. But speak my name in the tavern and data bonnie, oh? But her tumbling, cousin John did not go. Instead, he went down to Southoltown and inquired of a maid named Mary, she who did a sly thing with her wrist at croquet. And he found her at her home in a wisteria grove, foot to treadle, and spinning. I did not want to interrupt your spinning, Mary, but your brother said it was all right to do, saying as he did that you're too much at the wheel. You say your name. John them. Of Roger names. Mother to mean our dad was to father of him, that is so, brother and sister of plain parent. Cousin, though. Without dad, and living too. Be seated then, for this is a fortunate time. Fortunate? How? Well, as my foot was to treadle and round the wheel, the ghost spinning flat to thread. My thoughts were of your cousin. Then what respect? How he charms. It's a fondness, Mary, you to him. So much fondness. Poor Mary, poor lad. How? You had thought of marrying to him and having children of it? Yes, these thoughts came, and why do you say poor Mary, poor lad? Because my cousin is mad. Mad? He thinks himself all manner of beast, even to birds. What are you saying? The curse of my family, which came to his side from his father, then before him his father's aunt. Oh, you might have heard, yet the truth. Therefore entertain no thoughts of loving my cousin. Oh, no, I shall not. Then goodbye, dear girls. Oh, you need not, girls. But you were so ardent and gave me hope. Hope for what? That you would wed with me and come and live with me in my castle, and soon small names about children to it. No, Roger. Poor Roger, dear Roger. Go, Roger. A woman from wedding his cousin. Therefore, dissuading from becoming mothers. Keep the money and the family. And the family was big enough as it was. But cousin John didn't reckon with springtime. It was May, and the girl's name was Hannah. And Roger aspired her walking all down the beach, gathering cockle shells. For my garden, sir. And what is your name, pretty maid? Hannah. Hannah. Oh, to the name, that's for sure. And your are the names of the big and tall couple there. And how are you knowing that? Have parted hair, kind of spied you at the wicket. Barefoot Egyptio. I? Egyptio, with black eyes, a flash, and the trinkets in your ears, and tourney hair. I must go now. Hmm, flirty. Too, I must. And why? Because it's time you should ask me where I be night, and you have not asked me, so I should go. And where do you be nights, Hannah? Why are you asking? A man has a duty. What talk are you making? To settle down, to have him wife, to plant trees, to have children. You were asking where I be nights. There's a cottage in the uplands, back and up the side of the rise, where grandmother Fadion keeps her lamb. It's where I am. It's where I'll be.  Not in his stead, young miss, but earlier. My cousin Roger is in the garden under the moon, eating grass. Oh, what joke is this? No joke until last a day, for he has madness in him. What? Yes. He had told me of you earlier, young miss. And surely he spoke well of your beauty, and true of it. Of your eyes, and throat, and tourney hair.  No. No, he did not. But he told you he wished to marry and have children, right? All right. This is in itself a madness, for he has a wife in Wales on those wild shores, with six children. Oh! No, I must go. He's mad. That's a sub-drama. Good night, young miss. Roger wanted nothing more than to get married and have children. Cousin John couldn't afford it. Each time Roger would meet a maid and make known his intentions, John would meet the same maid and declare that Roger was mad, or already married, or a secret criminal of unspeakable deed. It is even said that Roger Nems made his intentions known to none other than Dame Mae Bellamy. And she had considered him quite sincerely, as she did all things. Until, of course, she had a little chat with Cousin John. Which, of course, may be the very reason Dame Mae locked herself up at Forbrook, never to feel sunshine again. Yet, Cousin Roger was not stunted. I feel it, Cousin. This month, I will find a girl to wed. I'll travel on donkeyback, read my palm for a penny and set it. And for a week now, I've dreamed of a dear face I've never seen before. Yet consider this, Cousin. So many of the damsels all about have refused you. Seventeen? Then give it up and be bachelor. A man should take a wife and plant a tree and have a child. I'd say give it up. Never. Which was where if them talk to John, once Roger got married, chances would shoot up that he would become a father. As a father, he would have an heir. And when Roger would have an heir... I'll be disinherited. Drink your ale and do not take on, so, friend John. But here me guy, Marcy. The wealth he has, it could be mine. Aye, there's proof in that. That's how rich he is and each new girl wants to wipe him off. And I'm weary. Yet if he does not marry nor have children, you will inherit. If I are to listen. I have told you this, friend guy. A toast, then. Ah! A toast. Major Cousin should drop himself down dead. This instant and now, before he takes wife, before he becomes father, before... Got down dead. Maybe not this minute. Nor too nice. But whenever... And you would have the wealth immediate. And good drinking companion and croquet companion you would share. I'd want to. And you would. We'll see. I cannot wait till tomorrow. A sunny day and the dew was hardly off the grass before the cousins were lined up in front of the starting pole. Cousin John had brought his friend, Guy Marcy, muscular man, good croquet player. Whatever he aimed at with his lead-weighted mallet, he hit. Classics and your host, Thomas Hyland. It's at the mention of the name Cromwell. A peculiarly small court, by the way, since the Great Plague, which was just now over, was no respecter of position. Two 14 couriers, including the fabulous Lady Vickers, had perished together in the Great Fire. And, as I have mentioned, there was that war with the Dutch. The war was going abadly and the populace muttering at the high taxes. This is the time, too, you'll remember, when Queen Catherine was accused and, when not indicted, had set a style. England on her way up. And in the sunny meridians that encompassed Suffolk, there was a game in progress. Have your mind to catch the truth. Here you are. Now, friend John, make your wicket. Would I could from this life? I'm for the middle wicket. Yes, you are, dear cousin. Then now. No. Fumbly.  Now you're out of position, cousin. Well, don't rub me with it. Take your shot, Roger. Oh, and how it rolls for the back wicket. Wicket. Oh, wicket. Oh. It did. It's as filled your heart as any I have seen about. Sadio. All right. My cousin is skilled in many things. The damsels are way to the buckets. There'll be no more damsels. What are you saying, cousin? There's a surprise I have for you. What surprise? Go on with the game and I'll tell you. The shot is Guy. Guy has had his shot. Now, what surprise? What are you saying of no more damsels? I met her one last night. Our final one, dad, of the name Priscilla. And we love each other so quickly. Our love of poets. We marry on Broom Wednesday. Broom Wednesday is tomorrow, cousin. I know it. Tomorrow is bliss. It's the day when I come into family. And who knows how many there'll become, Nicholas, for Priscilla with one of triplets. My congratulations, then. Is your shot, cousin? Aye. Well, we'll get well, Roger, then. What is a difficult shot? Aye. Difficult shot, indeed. Cousin, Roger. Cousin, now. Yes, would you say, Guy? I'd say it. As I swung and how he was kneeling there, I knew it. Now we need dispose of him, Guy. The pond would seem a likely place. Aye, but yet... Yet what? I've heard eventually they've closed. Those who dead are placed in water come at last to the top and are discovered. Not those who dead are placed in water and are fosters to the bottom. Not those. I could not do it. I could. Will you? I'll must if no one to know what happened this day so that you can live in the east wing of the estate with peace and ease of mind. I'll must if I want all that. And lungy and strong swimmer did this, according to a foley all the day I have here. They did strip him of his clothes, taking first from his hand the tightly clenching mallet, which he had been using for gaming. Then they did carry him to a great and darkling pond in a lone field. And taking him under the water at its deepest park, Guy Marcy did drive two stakes through him, thereby pinning him down so that he would never become a floater. Then they did bury his clothes. And thus doing these wicked kitties without torturing their souls on the rack of their consciences, Guy Marcy did go to the east wing, which now he claimed as his. And John Nems proceeded immediately to make the cattle, and all that was in it, his. Beautiful spinning wheel, as it turned. Mary. Mary. I wanted to show it to you, Mary, to show you this spinning wheel. Here at Nems Castle, since the day I called on you to tell you of Cousin Roger's darkness. Cousin Roger has gone to America, you know. To do good there, I've heard. Yes. And now the castle is yours. Yes. Mary. Yes, John. I didn't know more about giving you a hand. Yes. Now come to me. John? Yes, Douglas. Who's the spinless wheel? You, Mary. As you come here each day, there's much flax. I don't think of it. Yet come to me for a moment. So rich you are. Is that not so, John? Yes. Dear John, how rich? As rich as ever a fellow can be. How rich is that? Oh, as a treasure chest and sparkling jewels and goldie things atrole the treasure. The secret trove at the bottom of a pot. I made a joke that there's no chest of treasure nor a trove. I scarce know when to believe you, John. Believe me now, there is no treasure nor a trove. Believe me. Oh, dear John. I made a joke. I believe you. I believe you, John. Listen to me, Mary. All those hours spinning at the wheel spin your brain too, I'm telling you, as I always said it would. A regular treasure chest with goldie things and sparkling jewels, he said. I know, I know, at the bottom of a pond. At what pond? I ask you that. But how many ponds are there near to the Moons Castle? I'll ask you that. Scummy pond and deep and black and cold it is. Treasure trove. And you want me to swim to the bottom of it and have a look. Go back to your wheel. Will you do it? Yeah. Go back to your wheel. Then go deep for me. Treasure, let's see what you see. There at the bottom I'd better float a foot from it. What a man. Full grown and floating a foot from the bottom of a pond. High as he was and impaled as he was. Sister, sister, foul and worker ghouls. Treasure trove indeed. What do you mean? Treasure trove indeed. Him with his cousin going to do good in the American. Treasure trove indeed. Constable caused the bottom of the pool to be searched. It took the authorities two days to extricate the body from where it had been staked. Watchers to the operation were many, including two lads who looked down on the scene from the East Tourist of Nems Castle. Two game-sters, croquet players, friends. If we fled, John, that we cannot, the crowds that surround the castle they would tear it to shreds. Then what should we do? I don't know. I do. Good. Dear friend. Give ourselves up. What? The gaming thing. The right thing. True. The game is lost. Therefore. True. He beat us. True. My cousin Roger, so dead, has won the game. Nice moment when Roger was brought up. They explained what happened. They were brought to trial, found guilty. Pressed to death by rocks of increasing weight. Their refusal to protest in the face of adversity brought applause and favorable comment from all. McThomas Highland will tell you about next week's crime classic. Roger Nems, tonight's crime classic, was adapted from the original court reports and newspaper accounts by Morton Fine and David Friedkin. The music by the early 18th century composer Charles Abison was arranged and conducted by Bernard Herman, and the program is produced and directed by Elliot Lewis. Thomas Highland is portrayed on radio by Lou Merrill. In tonight's story, Ben Wright was heard as John, Alistair Duncan as Roger, and Richard Peele as Guy. Featured in the cast for Betty Harford, Ellen Morgan, and Gary Montgomery. Bob LeMond speaking. There again is Thomas Highland. Next week, Dover, New Hampshire in the year 1842, we will concern ourselves with a carnival, an alcoholic, and a wild beast. It's listed in my files as New Hampshire, The Tiger, and Brad Ferguson. What happened then? Thank you. Good night.


Salutan al-chiwoy! We want to say goodbye to you and today I want to tell you about something fun that happened to me today so today I have to send a computer of our office here to the Strato in Brisbane and when I first looked at the address I just felt very confused because the address looked very strange and later I have to answer it to show to you why the address was strange I actually have to tell you about the Chief of the Urbans here in Australia so I live in the state in Sudkimeria and the Chief of the Urbans here is Sydney probably you haven't heard about Sydney before but there are two other big Urbans in Australia actually there are many more but we don't know one is in Queensland which is a big state in my state and the Chief of that state is Brisbane but there is another state which is almost the most southern part of the Chief of the Urbans and that state is called Southern Australia and in that state there is a big Urbans named Adelaide in my state there is Sydney in the state of Supermy there is Brisbane that is the name of the Urbans and in the southern state of me there is Adelaide so do you remember that? good so I can tell you why there is something strange so I looked at the address and the address is Brisbane Adelaide in Brisbane and when I looked at it it was very confusing because it says that the name of the state is Adelaide State but it is located in Brisbane and at the same time it is not just a state but a state so Brisbane or Brisbane Adelaide State in fact it is a state in Brisbane so I just sit there very confused because I don't know what is happening so now I think that I simply wrote the address and I have to check that and then I looked at it and then I thought actually are there other strange places in Australia where they have strange names so I searched it multiple and I found some strange places so in Queensland and in the other state there is an urbex which is called in English banana and in Esperanto it is simply banana and there is a strange name for the urbex but it is famous for the fact that there are a lot of strange names there there are no bananas so I don't know that name so in the urbex banana there are no bananas there are just balls but there is another urbex in Victoria and in fact it is not a real urbex it is a mountain and the name of the mountain in English is China Man's Knob and in Esperanto it is simply Chinese goat yes, Chinese goat that is the name of the mountain and it is found in Victoria and Victoria is between my state and the south and I suppose between south Australia so it is directly south and in Tasmania there are many places where they have strange names so there is a wolf which has a name in English eggs in bacon bay and in Esperanto it is a wolf of eggs and sheep so I suppose that when you first find that place it is very cheap and you really want to eat it and when it is there you simply start there and someone else turns to him and says, well, we don't know this place and he says, fuck me, I just want to eat it name it wolf of eggs and sheep very good name and here is the name and there is another wolf in Tasmania very cute wolf which has a name in English and that is in Esperanto not ours so I suppose that the man who named that wolf and he says, what effect am I I am not ours so it is a good name and there is another place in Tasmania again, which is named the end of the world and that in Esperanto is the end of the world and it is in the western part of Tasmania and I know how it has that name and it is actually very easy to find that place there are not that many people there so it is almost already for Australians the end of the world there is another very interesting place and it is actually a very big city and very connected in Australia the name of the city in Esperanto is orange so orange but this place is very famous for the culture and the production of apples not oranges there is almost no one who grows oranges there so I really like that and now I just hit my nail so now I have a question for you are there places in your country where there are very strange names and if they exist tell me in the comments below because I want to hear about those places and I remember that it must be a very strange name so for example the Chinese cat in Australia I suppose that the mountain formed me just here so here it is if you like this video like it, share it, subscribe to my channel if you are not subscribed yet and I will see you in the next video and if I am not there, I will find you and I will tell you about the cat and always I thank my subscribers to Patreon because without them this channel would not exist so I just know that there are in three times Crispatu, Craig Robertson, Gibi Ante Va Va Va, Puncto, Fine Fine, Puncto Ito, Jacob, James Hall and Jason Knuckles, La Stranga, Lex Liviaire, Chuck Smith, Ludisto Puncto.com, Margarita Kilpac, Paul Sylas Robert Niels, Robert Port, Sarah S.C. Shane Power, Tommy Lindsley, Andy Montinas and you know who and if you want to give my channel you can do that by the link in the description


Six years ago, I auctioned off my tiny house in San Diego, California to raise funds to help to build a community for people experiencing homelessness. I'm so excited to say that I'm here today at this community that is nearly complete thanks to the hard work of Amika's and the Meridian Baptist Church and the City of Alcohol. There are six sleeping cabins behind me and I am excited to show you one of them as well as the garden and introduce you to a little bit of the team. So, come on in. The purpose of these units is to provide housing for women and their children who are experiencing homelessness. And you walk in here and you can feel the sense of peace that you have having your own space to heal and to have time to yourself. You can really feel it inside here. It's truly beautiful. So the units are 12 by 12. They're not really big but they provide the basic needs. Inside is 8 by 12 and then the outside is 4 by 12. Each of the cabins has a porch and what you'll notice about the porch is that they're all facing in towards the center. And the idea of that is to create a sense of community that brings people together. And towards the back there's a garden that's being built right now to be able to grow some of their own food and just to be able to heal with the beauty of nature. So I want to introduce you to some of the people who really have made this all possible over the last six years of hard work. And I'm really excited to say that this is going to be fully complete. It's looking like the summer. So, hey everyone. Hi Ram. Good to see you. Hi there. I'm Lisa Cogan with Amicus. Hi, I'm Roland Slade. I'm a pastor here at Meridian Baptist Church and a board member with Amicus. Chris Scott involved in the program for building these houses. One of the most important concepts in these emergency sleeping cabins is this door with that lock. Having privacy, a quiet and safe place to rest once head is the first step in getting one's life back on track. With the shortage of housing and places for people to stay that are living unsheltered, it's time for us to be creative. And so this is a creative venture on the property here at Meridian Baptist Church. I'd like to go inside and show you a little bit about the construction system. You see how there's a groove on each side. The material that we take out of there means that we don't have to go into the forest again to pick up cartons for Amazon and wood for Ikea furniture. And it makes everything go together. This is much stronger. You've got more insulation than the conventional houses. That's about 5% and that's probably close to $100 a year every year forever. That means there's less fuel going into all of these houses. You notice how quiet and cool it is compared to the outside. It's very useful for volunteers because it's much easier for them to put something together. If you notice there's no machinery here at all basically you're just using an electric screwdriver. So it's just a very different approach. You know these cabins are safe and secure unlike people living on the street where if they were to leave to go to a medical appointment or try to find a job, their things will be stolen or thrown away. Now people can lock the door. They can go to the much needed doctor's appointments. They can meet with their case managers. They can go out looking for jobs. It's going to change people's lives. Feeling safe and secure is the first step. One of the beautiful things about this is it's a community that's within the community. It is, yes, here on the church property and the building community here they're also going to have support of the community that's our congregation and then again extending out to the prayer community around us in the city. As we say it takes a village and this village is really going to be it's being birthed out of the efforts of all of us together to make a difference in the lives of people. It's so exciting and hopeful to see this coming together with six years of hard work and I'm so excited for the months ahead for people to start moving in and for this community to be a place of healing and happiness and community ahead. So thank you all for the hard work you've been putting in.


Hey y'all, what's up? My name is Sinali. Welcome to my channel if you guys are new. Today I'm dyeing my hair and I'm so nervous but also excited but mostly nervous because this is virgin black hair. It has not been touched by dye and actually I dyed my hair sophomore year of high school but it all grew out and like it's not here anymore. Thank god because it was so bad. I'll insert some photos of my ombre hair. It was like so brassy, so like orangish yellow. It was just not a good look and yeah it was a really big regret of mine because they bleached my hair and like I don't think olaplex was a thing back then or at least not as popular so it definitely ruined my hair and it definitely stripped my shine. Basically what I'm probably gonna get today is balayage. I want to get like a very very subtle balayage like nothing too drastic, nothing too like blonde or anything. I just kind of want to get like some dark brown highlights. I'm not even really sure what we're doing today. We'll see what the hairstyle is says. I'm in like a Facebook group for like awesome photographers, models and all that and the hairstyle posted that he needed models for like a YouTube video that he was doing so I like commented and I was chosen and I was so excited because I've been wanting to get like a balayage kind of like thing done to my hair for like so long now. I've just always been so nervous about the whole like stripping the shine, bleaching my hair kind of thing, but now I know that there's like olaplex and all these like really good treatments for your hair after you dye it so so hopefully it turns out good. I mean I really like my dark black hair but just like when I'm doing hairstyles like braids and like all that I just want a little bit of dimension like you see all these like Pinterest braids on all these blonde girls and it only looks really that good because you can see it because it's like blonde highlights and like little dark brown highlights so you know what I mean? So you can see the braid better. So that's really what I'm looking for just like a little bit of dimension to my hair. So yeah I'm gonna be doing that today to my hair. My hair appointment is at 12 today and I'm actually curious to see how long it takes to do the balayage because when I got my ombre done I remember sitting in that chair for ever and it sucked so my hair has gotten really really long. The last time I cut it was right before graduation which was in May 2019 and it's grown like a ton. I feel like I cut it like right here I think. That's like a lot of hair but that's the good thing about my hair it does grow fast so if I don't like it for whatever reason you know it does grow fast. So I'm gonna take you guys along this journey dying by virgin black hair so let's get started. All right guys it is time I'm in this lawn chair I'm with Chuck over here. You want to say hi and introduce yourself? Hi I'm Chuck. I'm on YouTube at Chuck and we're here. Yeah and we're all linked down below so that you can see like the whole process because his video is probably going to be more in depth than mine but yeah this is going to be exciting. How long does it usually take? It's going to be probably like it really depends on your hair and how long it takes you to lift but ultimately like maybe two three hours. What does the lift mean? To lighten up.  I have. Okay. Like a really long time ago. Gotcha. And I did ombre and it was the worst thing I could have ever done so that's why I'm traumatized but I know balayage is like like a world of difference you know what I mean.  What do you love about those pictures or what I guess I think I like ashy if that absolutely um yeah I just I mean I definitely want it to be subtle but like I want it to look like I did something to my hair too I think I need some assistance.  Six.  Yeah the thing is like everyone just compliments me on how shiny it is and like how virgin and like yeah thank you um so like I'm just I just I want to keep the shine and like I want to keep my hair dark but like I also want dimension. Right. So let me grab some swatches and we'll kind of look at um some ideas of where we can go with the color. Okay.  So here are some color swatches the purpose behind this is really for you to kind of fill out the family that you want to live in. Yeah. This is the kind of more golden red. Yeah. Chocolatey. Yeah. Ashy and then natural. Okay. And these all pop out so you're welcome to pull any of them out and kind of see them against your hair to see what that dimension would look like. I think I'm like definitely in this one. Yeah perfect. And they're all super fluffy. Can you recommend? So let's see kind of where you live naturally. Okay. So naturally you're roughly about a two. So not black but yeah kind of a natural black. Okay. So anything that lives in here would be a highlight to your hair. Okay. Right. Um so some of these you live at a two so that's kind of where you are naturally. Okay. So you can kind of see this against all these different colors. I feel like that doesn't look like anything different you know. It's going to be very subtle if you you know if you're staying because that's only a slight change. Right. No granted you know you also don't need to think about that color being right up near your scalp because we're not going to put it right there. Yeah that's wrong. So essentially I don't know I think I just really need you to like maybe give me like two options and I don't know. So really what it kind of comes down to is knowing the right family that you want to live in. Okay. And where do you don't want to go? Okay. I definitely don't want to go in golden. So you want to live in this family? I definitely want to ash. Yeah. Where do you not want to live here? Take that and kind of hold that near your head and what that will kind of tell you is is how dark or light you want to be. What scares the heck out of you? Maybe like this. Okay. Perfect. That tells me pretty much everything that I need to know as far as color goes. What do you think? I think that's yeah that's great. Okay. And that's a great place to start because you can always add more. Okay. You just you know yeah it's um so you can always layer on if you are like you know what this is pretty but I wish that there was just a couple more pops of color. Okay. Um and then the next question is how much of that color do you want to see in your hair? I don't know. Do you want to the insta feel really saturated in color or do you want it to just feel still kind of pretty subtle? Yeah. I mean look at those pictures. See how this is a bit more saturated and there's a lot more color there. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Maybe not that. I like this. Okay. But that's like brown you know what I mean. Right. So that's like more warm but yeah like that but actually um yeah. Is that good? And then next question how high up do you want to see it go? What do you recommend? That's a preference thing. That one's a really personal preference thing. Okay. Really what it comes down to is um what I what I tell a lot of people to think about is is how much of that bright color do you want to see sitting right on your skin? Um because that's where it's going to make a difference.  So do you want to see kind of that face framing area where it kind of goes up around your face or do you want to leave that kind of lower down? Some people like it to start at their cheek line to kind of accentuate their cheeks. Some people like it to start all the way up their hairline to kind of feel like it's framing out their face. I think having cheeks is fine. Okay. Yeah. So staying kind of lower with it. Yeah. And then from the back kind of blending it down from there. Yeah. Perfect. And then for uh just the haircut like just keep long layers because for the dimension like the reason why I want it so bad is if I do like cool braids or something like I want it to show you know. Yeah. Um but then layers like aren't annoying when you do braids you know what I mean so just maybe like long layers. That's awesome. So if you want to slip on a color road they're hanging it up in the hallway right here. Like you can't even like tell really but like wear a scarf and stop. Melty, chocolatey, beautiful. Melty, you like it. Yes. I'm pretty in love with it too. Yeah. Oh my god. Wait can we take some after pictures? Oh for sure.  Yeah but then I also kind of can't. He said that it kind of looks like I just naturally lightened my hair in the sun which I agree with but I think it's so pretty. I think it's like perfect. It's natural. I didn't want it to be like super blonde and actually right after we washed it the first time we like put dye on it it was kind of like kind of like orange red whatever I guess my hair just brought out the warmer tone so he had to go back and tone it but now it is freaking perfect and I'm really excited about it. I want to take some photos of my hair so hopefully when Ryan gets home from work he'll be so kind to help me take photos but I'm really obsessed with it. Let me know what you guys think. I mean I know it's not the most dramatic change but it is still a change for me because I literally thought I would never dye my hair again after my traumatic experience with ombre so yeah I'm really excited and happy that I did it finally because I've always wanted to and it just looks so like good and natural and it smells so good and it's he curled it so pretty and I'm just loving it. So shout out to Chuck. He's the one that did my hair. He's here in Austin like north-central Austin I would say so if you guys are in Austin and want some balayage done or like obviously he does everything with hair check him out. I'll have his info in the description below.