So this is going to be a demonstration of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg. This is a prone cadaver This is the right side right calf. I'm demonstrating from the right side camera person is on the left side So let's start off with the first muscle that we can see the superficial compartment of the posterior compartment of the leg This muscle that we see here. This is the gastrocnemius The gastrocnemius is about two bellies The first belly is this one here This is the lateral belly of gastrocnemius Takes origin from the posterior surface of the lateral condyle of the femur This is the medial belly of the gastrocnemius takes origin from the posterior surface of the medial condyle of the femur And the two bellies then converge this forms the bulk of the calf muscle the rounded appearance of the calf muscle And somewhere in the middle it becomes a poneurotic and thereafter it rapidly converges into a thick strong Tendon which I shall describe later. This is the tendo calcaneus earlier known as tendo killies Let's mention a few quick words about the gastrocnemius the medial belly is slightly larger than the lateral belly The medial belly is the one which has got the maximum number of clinical correlations. There's a bursa between the This muscle here. This is the semi-membranosis bursa Which is located between the semi-membranosis muscle and the medial belly Likewise under the medial belly and the knee joint there can be a bursa which communicates with the knee joint And that is known as the gastrocnemius bursa. So there are two bursae in relation to the medial belly Painful rupture of the medial belly is called tennis leg The medial belly can also be responsible for entrapment of the Puppletial artery and we can see this is the Puppletial artery here And it is running very close and almost under the medial belly abnormal origin of the medial belly Or abnormal location of the Puppletial artery can produce entrapment of the Puppletial artery Which is referred to as the Puppletial artery entrapment syndrome Rarely there can be a smart bone within the lateral head of the gastrocnemius, which is known as favela Now let me reflect the gastrocnemius to show the muscle under the gastrocnemius We are still in the superficial compartment. So I have reflected the gastrocnemius It has been cut here and we can see this is the cut section of the gastrocnemius the proximal portion The distal portion has fused with the tendocalcaneus the muscle that we see here This is the soleus the soleus is called soleus because it is like a flat fish Let's take a look at the origin of the soleus The soleus takes origin in an inverted V-shaped fashion and we can see that inverted V-shaped One lip of the V is on the posterior surface of the tibia here The other lip of the V is in the posterior surface of the fibula here and between the tibia and the fibula There is a fibrous arch and that is referred to as the tendinous arch of soleus and my finger has gone through the tendinous arch of soleus this tendinous arch of soleus is the place where the tibial nerve the Populatial vein and the populatial artery they pass into the leg and this is a potential site of entrapment of the populatial artery again We have cut the tendocalcaneus here And I will show you the precise method that we use for repair at a later stage in the dissection Let me reflect the whole tendocalcaneus and now we can see the soleus from the under surface So again to put it back This is the gastropneumius and this is the soleus and this is the combined tendon of the gastropneumius and soleus Here we can see a few extra muscle fibres of the soleus Sometimes these muscle fibres are very prominent and the textbooks refer to this as the Accessory soleus which can be a cause of a painful calf condition in excessive use of the leg So what is the difference between the action of the gastropneumius and the soleus? Both of them are powerful plant reflexes of the foot through the tendocalcaneus But the difference is the gastropneumius is a two joint muscle it takes origin from the condyle of the femur and gets inserted on to the Calcaneus bone through the tendocalcaneus So therefore it helps to flex the knee joint and plant reflex the foot But you cannot do both actions together simultaneously to the fullest extent in other words if the knee is fully flexed Then the gastropneumius cannot plant reflex the foot Gastropneumius is a type 2 white muscle. It is fast twitch easily fatigable So therefore we run jump the gastropneumius. The soleus on the other hand is a type 1 Red muscle slow twitch not easily fatigable. It's a posterior muscle. So therefore we walk slowly We stroll with our soleus. Soleus is only a one joint muscle. It acts only on the ankle joint It's only a powerful plant reflexor through the tendocalcaneus So these are the essential differences between the gastropneumius and the soleus Now let me mention a few quick words about the tendocalcaneus itself The tendocalcaneus is arguably the largest strongest and the most important tendon in the human body And we can see it is so thick and strong and powerful. It's a combined fusion of the gastropneumius Two bellies soleus and one more muscle, which I shall tell just a little later called the plantarix But that does not count. So the two heads of the gastropneumius and the soleus together constitute what is known as the triceps Suri. So therefore the tendocalcaneus is the tendon of the triceps suri and it gets inserted onto the posterior aspect of the calcaneus There can be a bursar deep to the tendocalcaneus and that is known as the Subtendinous bursar and there can be a bursar superficial which is referred to as the subcutaneous bursar Both these bursar can be inflamed especially the superficial one when we wear tight new shoes That brings me to the fibers of the tendocalcaneus. Now if you look very closely we find That the fibers coming from the gastropneumius the superficial fibers, they are moving a little laterally And concomitantly the fibers which are coming from the soleus, they move a little medially So therefore the fibers in the tendocalcaneus They twist by 90 degrees such that the gastropneumius fibers are facing laterally and the soleus fibers are facing medially This twisting of the fibers is supposed to give extra springiness to the gait and to the movement of the tendocalcaneus The tendocalcaneus is the only major tendon in the body which does not have a sign of will she instead it is covered by Only a thin layer of membrane which is referred to as the paratino and part of that we have retained here So that brings me to injury to the tendocalcaneus if the tendocalcaneus is accidentally cut Then it is as bad as cutting of the foot itself because the person will never be able to walk So therefore repair of the tendocalcaneus is mandatory Surgical repair the way we repair it is the way I have made an initiation on the tendocalcaneus So if it had been cut we convert the cut into a form of a z line That means we make a small horizontal line We make a longitudinal cut and make another horizontal one So this is called a z cut and then we have to repair the tendocalcaneus across Transversely and then again across using non-absorbable Suchips and then we have to repair the paratino on top of that The purpose of doing this is to if it had been a straight line incision then the Sucho line will give away So therefore we break the tension of the such a line by making a z cut and repair it Then this is called a z plus t and after that the patient has to be Immobilized from the knee to the foot Because that as I mentioned the gastropemia sticks origin from the femoral corn lines and then there after physiotherapy These are some of the principles of repair of the tendocalcaneus Which is a very important procedure in rapture of the tendocalcaneus now that I have lifted up the gastropemias We can see yet one more muscle here. This is the tendon of that muscle and this is the small muscle It is taking origin from the again lateral condyle posterior sphincter or the femur Under the lateral head of the gastropemias and we can see the other portion of the muscle here and We can face the muscle here It comes here and immediately after that it becomes long thin tendon and the tendon then moves from lateral to medial aspect Between the gastropemias and the soleus and it merges with the tendocalcaneus This is called the plantarism some books include the plantarism in the triceps Suray, but for all practical purposes. This does not serve any useful function anatomically So therefore this is used for tendon roughing in surgical practice Another clinical point is this can sometimes rupture with a painful snap especially while playing tennis rupture of this is also one cause of tennis leg and Finally, this is sometimes facetiously referred to as the Freshman's nerve Because a resident who's starting his clinical practice during surgery may mistake this for the tibial nerve And therefore this is referred to as the Freshman's nerve, but we know the tibial nerve is situated deep under the soleus So this is about the plantarism muscle So these are some of the points which I want to mention about the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg Thank you very much for watching Dr. Sanjay Sanyal signing out David O is the camera person If you have any questions or comments, please put them in the comment section below. Have a nice day


So you want to go on an epic bike ride across the USA. Good choice!  So get ready for the adventure of a lifetime. I've ridden across the country four times and down both the east and west coast and I get questions all the time about which route is the best. Well, I don't think there's a best. They're all beautiful and interesting in their own way and any route will give you a deep dive into American culture and that's probably my favorite aspect of riding across the USA. The landscapes are truly stunning and you'll get a huge variety no matter the route you choose but it's the people who always capture my heart. If you're looking for the ultimate feeling of freedom with plenty of road magic, you'll find it in every nook and cranny of this country and any route will get you there. There's no right or wrong way to go. They're all awesome. In this video, I'm going to talk briefly about some of my experiences and I hope that this will help you choose which route is best for you. I've set off on four cross country rides on the west coast and ended on the east coast. They say to do this because you'll have less headwind because the prevailing winds push you eastward but to tell you the truth, dreaded headwinds are everywhere. I don't think it matters which coast you start on. I've also ridden down both the east and west coast from north to south because, well, downhill and also the Great Divide which is entirely dirt and follows the continental divide. First off, the easiest way to find established routes with turn for turn directions is at the Adventure Cycling website. They're all about helping people travel by bicycle and they have tons of route options all over the U.S. If you're looking for the traditional cross country tour look at the Northern Tier, Southern Tier or the Transamerica. If you want the fastest way across the Southern Tier is just over 3,000 miles while the Northern Tier in Transamerica are about 4,000 miles. The Southern Tier also has a lot less climbing about 100,000 feet total while the other two routes are about 200,000 total. But don't let mountains scare you. After a couple weeks on the road your body will become super fit and ready for anything. And remember, whatever goes up must go down. For each route you can buy incredible maps filled with information about where to resupply where to camp and a little history about each area that you're passing through. They're really fun to read in your tent at night time. If you're not into paper maps you can download the GPX files for your phone or bike computer. Adventure Cycling does their best to put you on safe roads like scenic byways. But anytime you're sharing the road with vehicles you need to be on high alert and be as visible as possible. Happy Thursday, happy happy Thursday. If you don't want to pack your eye-catching Scooby-Doo costume I at least recommend rear blinky lights. I don't trust people in cars these days. Distracted driving has become a real problem. I've ridden large portions of all these adventure cycling routes but sometimes I enjoy leaving the adventure wide open and not having a set route. I love tapping into local advice and letting them direct me on really cool side adventures. This is like the choose your own adventure option and I love the freedom but this does open you up to getting lost. And that's part of the fun of being out there. We might be lost but at least we're lost together. Okay, here we go. My first time riding across the USA was in 2009 when I convinced New Belgium Brewery to sponsor me as they rode one of their sweet cruisers from Oceanside, California to Washington DC. This southern Midwestern route took me through the deserts of California across Arizona, up the entire state of New Mexico and then headed east through Kansas, Missouri, Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, West Virginia and finally into our nation's capital. All in all it was about 3,000 miles and besides getting over the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians there wasn't a ton of elevation gain which was a good thing because my bike only had 3 gears. I don't have to say I'm just tired. Tired. The goal of this ride was to show people that you don't have to have the most expensive gear to pull off a big time adventure. This bike also had coaster brakes. You know the kind you have to kick back to stop. I actually added a front brake so I wouldn't blow up the rear hub going down steep mountains. What I loved most about this experience was that it was my first taste of charming small-town America, a side of the country that I'd never experienced before. I'm standing here with some very special people. They've been my host family for the night here in Clinton, Missouri. Hello! Hey! The other highlights of the route were the epic rail trails. As I traveled further east, more and more people told me to ride the Katie Trail which I'd never heard of when I left the beaches of California. But the idea of riding a car-free and flat trail was very motivating. So when I crossed into Missouri from southern Kansas, I made a beeline up north to the town of Clinton and jumped onto the Katie Trail. Oh, no! Let me tell you, I was in absolute heaven for 240 miles. This is the longest rail trail in the U.S. and follows the beautiful Missouri River. The best thing about rail trails is you can put away your maps and just ride. You can't get lost. There's only one way to go. The second best thing is that you don't have to worry about getting hit by a car. It's so nice not having to deal with traffic. The third best thing is that it's covered by trees so the temperature is much cooler and you don't get sunburnt. And the fourth best thing is that you're always close to a town. Since this is an old rail line, it passes through a lot of cool old towns every 15 to 20 miles. This allows you to travel light and buy food only when needed. It's also cool to support these small communities. A lot of small town America is dying so any chance you get to help them out is greatly appreciated. There's also lots of designated campsites along the way and hotel options. Be sure to check out RailsToTrails.org for a list of all the awesome rail trails in the U.S. Oh, and one last thing. Pretty much any bike will be fine on these trails. The surface is crushed limestone and usually very smooth. Hello, little turtle. How are you doing? It's one of the reasons why I love the Katie Trail is that you find a little piece of wildlife like this and you can just stop in the middle of the road and not worry about getting run over. The other trail that I loved on this route was the C&O Camel Trail which is actually not a rail trail but an old towpath along the Potomac River. It starts in Cumberland, Maryland and ends in Washington, D.C. for a total of 185 miles. It's super flat, easy to pedal and passes through lots of charming old towns. This is what the C&O looks like. Beautiful wooded bike path. From the deserts of California to the rocky mountains to the flatlands of the Midwest and the beautiful Appalachians this adventure had a little bit of everything. I created this route over 10 years ago so there's no GPX files but I'm sure you can piece it together or create your own one-of-a-kind adventure. Oh, yeah. Now let's talk about a northern route. Many of you watched my Love Cycles series. If not, I will link it below. This was another route that was created on the fly. Every day we'd wake up, look at Google Maps and figure out a plan for the day. Our focus was to ride as much gravel as possible. One reason for this is that there's a lot less traffic on gravel roads. Again, distracted drivers on their phones scare me. A cool bonus to riding this far north is that you have sunlight late into the evening during the summer months. We're talking like 10 p.m. in some places. Happy Solstice! This allows you to take a nice long lunch break, siesta, and still have plenty of daylight to ride afterwards. We started our journey in Astoria, Oregon rode through some beautiful forests in Washington followed the Columbia River Gorge for a bit rode the flatlands into Boise, Idaho turned north to hit up some awesome hot springs across the continental divide in Wyoming hopped on the 200-mile cowboy trail in Nebraska met up with 20,000 cycling goofballs in Iowa at Raghbrite and then made our way across Illinois up into Wisconsin, across Michigan rode a couple hundred miles through Canada and then finished off by riding 350 miles on the Erie Canal Trail and down into NYC. We are in the Bronx. Would you believe it? Certainly doesn't look like the Bronx on TV. The highlights of this 3,500-mile route besides meeting tons of awesome people were again, the rail trails.  The cowboy trail in Nebraska is great but unlike the rail trails in the Midwest it doesn't have any tree cover so it can be very hot but they have lots of cute little toads everywhere so that makes up for it. If you've never heard of Raghbrite it's the world's largest, longest, oldest recreational bike ride in the world. It's pure joy for seven days all the way across the state of Iowa. I like to call it a rolling county fair. It's the last full week of July so if you're riding across the USA and you're able to make it happen it's so worth it. Oh, and did I mention pie? There's a lot of pie. Look, my first piece of pie. This is very exciting stuff right now. Okay, back to the rail trails. We rode the Badger State Trail into Madison, Wisconsin the Glacial Drumlin Trail all the way to Milwaukee the Fred Meyer Trail in Michigan the Erie Canal Trail across almost the entire state of New York and we even found some trails out right at the northern tip of NYC. Finishing in the Big Apple was an incredible way to end this journey. I will put a link below to our route. It is time to go across the Brooklyn Bridge and fight through a sea of tourists. Okay, let's talk about some north to south routes. Way back in 2006 I rode from Portland, Maine to Key West, Florida. We rode about 3,000 miles and went through 16 states on the eastern seaboard. Heads up from Boston to Washington, DC which is about 500 miles there was tons of traffic. It's hard to get around the fact that this is the most densely populated area in the US. It wasn't all bad though. Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and DC are all very cool cities and there's lots of great history. South of DC was a lot less stressful because there was way less traffic and it was a lot easier to navigate. I really loved the outer banks in North Carolina and riding the coast of Florida all the way down to the tippy tip and finishing in Key West. Ending a long ride in tropical paradise is pretty darn cool. I made it to Key West all the way from Maine. The lakes are tired but I am a happy boy. It's time to jump in the ocean A lot has changed in the world of cycling infrastructure since I did this ride 15 years ago so be sure to check out AdventureCycling.org for maps about the Atlantic coast route. Oh and by the way, this video is not sponsored by Adventure Cycling even though I keep promoting their site I just think they're really cool. And then boom, oh yeah check that out. That is how white I am. Okay, let's zoom over to the other side of the country. Actually, we're not even starting in the USA for this one. In 2010, I rode from Vancouver, Canada to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. I have extra special memories from this trip because my little brother Ethan joined me to San Francisco. It was our first brother adventure. I used this ancient book to navigate but Adventure Cycling has maps for the Pacific coast. The entire trip is about 3,000 miles and passes through Canada, Washington, Oregon, California and Baja, Mexico. I have to say out of all my long rides this one might have the most stunning scenery. The coastline all the way down is breathtaking. And you get to camp on beaches or at least have a view of the ocean almost every night. I love the jungly forest roads in Washington and Oregon and riding beneath the mighty redwoods was awe inspiring. Let's look at it. You just have to touch it and hug it. Hug it. Hug that tree. Hug it. Make out with it.  Every day my eyes were overloaded with natural beauty. One of the best aspects of this route are the hike or bike campsites all the way down the coast.  It's nice knowing that at the end of every day you'll have a safe place to camp. On many of my other long tours I'm always searching for a place to hide for the night. This is called stealth camping. It works but it can be a little stressful sometimes. The Pacific Coast plain and simple is set up for bicycle touring and people come from all over the world to ride the famous Highway 101. Cars are used to seeing bikes on the road so that makes it a bit safer. I've even found that riding the main highway in Baja is very safe. Mexican drivers are very courteous and go way around you. And I know that a lot of people worry about security in Mexico but I've never had a problem. Just like anywhere in the world the locals are friendly and helpful. And did I mention the food is amazing? You'll be eating the tastiest Mexican food for a thousand miles from Tijuana to Cabo. Brrrrritos I love this food. It never gets old. You can buy maps or GPX files for the Pacific Coast route at the Adventure Cycling website but only for Vancouver to San Diego. Once you're in Mexico, you're on your own but there's really only one road to take anyway. Mexico one. Whoa! These mountains are different. We don't have these kind of mountains in Colorado. I think I'm looking at the southern end of the Canadian Rockies. If you're looking for complete immersion into nature and very little traffic the Great Divide mountain bike route is for you. This is the longest off-road bike route in the world at 2700 miles and loosely travels along the continental divide from Manth, Canada to the border of Mexico. All of the other routes I've talked about are mainly on pavement but this one is almost 100% dirt and because of this the pedaling is a bit tougher. You definitely either need a gravel bike with wide tires or a mountain bike to comfortably ride this. The benefits of being way out there are endless access to beautiful campsites and lots of solitude. This is only one of my all-time favorite adventures. The Adventure Cycling Association mapped this out in 1997 and it's truly a beautiful way to see some of the best of the Rocky Mountains from Canada to Mexico. There's also a lot of really cool Wild West history. You can buy the maps or GPX files on the Adventure Cycling website. Whoever made this route somebody at the Adventure Cycling Association whoever that is, thank you. This is really well done. Okay, I hope that this was helpful to you in choosing your dream route across the USA. I know that it sounds daunting to jump on a bike and ride it thousands of miles but I promise you, it'll all work out. The planning process can be overwhelming when you're toiling over the physicality of it all and what gear to bring but really the most important thing to bring on a multi-month bike tour is an open mind. Remember, this is an adventure. Things are not always going to go as planned. When something on your bike breaks or a huge storm is coming or you're fresh out of beans just take a deep breath smell some nearby flowers and realize that everything will be okay. I always learn the most about myself when times are tough and these lessons help me with challenges that arise in my everyday life. I always feel mentally and physically recharged after a long tour and I definitely feel more connected to nature and my fellow humans. What I'm trying to say here is that riding your bike for thousands of miles will make you a better person. It will. You'll be more patient, more loving, more compassionate, more confident and you'll have sexier legs too. I'll link below some videos about gear and all the stuff that I've brought on my tours. But don't get too caught up in all that. You don't need the best of the best. Remember, I rode a cheap three-speed cruiser all the way across the U.S. and I was just fine and you will be too. Thank you so much for watching this video. If you want to see content of all the adventures I spoke about I will link them below. And if you have the ability please consider supporting me financially on Patreon. It's greatly appreciated and helps me to continue creating these videos for you to enjoy.


On me? Yeah. Sometimes, too. Yeah, that's good. Yeah. I heard this bit, actually. That's good. It's just... It's just a little bit tight on the side. We'll move that. One seat. Okay, from this one. Is that all you need? Yeah. I'll give you deployment instructions. Okay. Any witness over there? I'll be careful with doing this. Okay. I'll give you a body of the vehicle. Okay. Function malfunction. For now, deploy in the reserve. I'm sorry. I'll be too far on. Okay. Okay. So, what's the plan? We'll go to the reserve. Okay. So, what... Here. So, you'll be here. Sir. We'll jump in at first. We're...


Hello and welcome to the Grand Line Review, your source for everything one piece. And today for the double fruit encyclopedia, love is in the air as we move to Amazon Lily in order to examine the meromero nomi. The meromero nomi is a Paramecia-type fruit that allows its user to well, essentially use any kind of lustful, perverted or feelings of love towards the user to their great advantage in a wide variety of ways. Not the greatest of basic explanations out there, but it's certainly not the simplest of fruits we've seen either. In the series it was consumed by pirate empress and warlord of the sea Boa Hancock and it was first brought to our attention during the Amazon Lily Arc. The fruit takes its name directly from the Japanese on a manapia meromero, which means something along the lines of to fall down drunk and can be applied to an individual being overcome with some sort of emotion, in this case being love and or lust. And given that this meaning would be quite difficult to convey in English without calling it the drunk drunk fruit or something, both this and Funimation decided to simplify things by going with the love love fruit. All right, so other than psychological manipulation, how does one use feelings of another to your advantage? Well, thanks to the consumption of the meromero numy, the user of this fruit is able to more or less harness the power of lust and love to fuel a petrification process, which for the more weak-willed of the One Piece world will often result in the victims being turned entirely into stone. Generally, this is achieved through a technique known as meromero mellow, whereby the user forms a heart with their hands and fires a beam, very similar to the beam that the user of the noranoranumy can fire actually, except that instead of slowing the target down, should the beam come into contact with the target, the tazer, how shall we say, impure thoughts about the user, then that person will be turned into stone. However, this is not the only way to achieve that result, as the user is also able to engage in an attack known as pistol kiss, whereby they blow a kiss much like a bullet, which has the same result should it come into contact with the target that has met the conditions and generate a stony outcome. Furthermore, this can also escalate with slave arrow, which is like pistol kiss, but on a much more massive scale, capable of dealing with truly massive amounts of enemies with a speed and efficiency that is unmatched by the two aforementioned techniques. But finally, for some more precise usage, we have one of my favorite attack names ever, with aromatic leg. Now being struck by said leg, once again results in being turned into stone, however the area affected is far less widespread, and it will generally only petrify a small radius of the body around where the strike was delivered. It should be said that it's currently unknown if this method of petrification requires less stamina or general investment from the user, or if it would be just as easy to perform as any of the more effective techniques I mentioned. But what this essentially does is open up an avenue for users who are predisposed to hand-to-hand combat, or leg-to-leg combat, or aromatic leg-to-leg combat. Now whilst in their complete stony form, these victims have no consciousness, thus making them exceptionally susceptible to physical damage, and once your stone self is broken, well, it's not going to be looking too good for you once you return to the world of living, quite possibly for a very brief stay. I mean, that's if you get turned back, that is, because currently the only known way to do so is to have the user graciously depetrify you.  It is a huge, immediate wind condition over 99% of individuals. However, there is one huge, and I mean, huge caveat, which is that for this fruit to have any power whatsoever, the person you are using it against must be attracted to you in some form. Now for someone like Bola Han Koku will get into it a bit, this is a very simple condition to meet. But for the large majority of humans, this fruit is not going to have the sweeping near-universal effects, as they have been presented in one piece. Instead, its effects will be delegated only to those who genuinely find you attractive, which may not always be the person you need to turn to stone. Outside of combat, though, I suppose this fruit could have some niche use in the simple area of satisfying curiosity. Minutes, not a subtle way to go about things, but it would be entirely possible for the user of the Merimeronomy to enter a room, fire a beam, and instantly know who in that room is attracted to them and who isn't. Thus saving people who are particularly bad at reading that sort of thing, a hell of a lot of trouble. But this leads to another point, though, and that is given that the petrification process uses lust and or love as fuel, I do wonder what the outcome would be on an individual who you know only sort of liked you. Without that overwhelming feeling, would there only be a semi-petrification, or would there be no stone business at all, or is that simple feeling enough to result in a full petrification? It's very difficult to tell because our user in the series evokes exclusively strong feelings, which brings us nicely to Boa Hancock.  Boa Hancock is widely regarded as the most beautiful woman in the world, which is a claim we can surprisingly quantifiably measure thanks to her use of the Merimerunomee. In her control, there is almost nobody safe from being turned to stone, and Hancock has used this ability to secure herself a position as one of the seven warlords and ensure the security of Amazon Lily, home of the Kucha tribe. Speaking of though, the Kucha tribe aren't widely in tune to the happenings of the world, to say the least, nor are they aware that the Boa sisters were once slaves of the world nobles and force-fed Devil Fruits for the amusement of their masters. So in order to mask this shame, Hancock uses her powers to claim that three of them were cursed after saying a Gorgon, and thus becoming known as the Gorgon sisters. Now I should also point out the Boa Hancock's proficiency with this fruit is actually so great that she can petrify beings that, in theory, should not harbor any feelings of literally any kind. A great example of this are the Pasifista. Cybernetic creations based on the form of fellow warlord Batholomukuma. Through striking them, Hancock is able to turn parts of them into stone, making them far, far easier to defeat than they otherwise would have been. But this may not necessarily be due to some crazy factor like her beauty transcending consciousness, but it may be because that specific attack, the ever-lovable aromatic leg, does not discriminate in its use and will always result in the area struck being turned into stone, regardless of the feelings or lack thereof of the user. And this is further reinforced when Boa's attack had the same effect on Smoker's Jute during the Marine for Dark, in which case that would open up a whole new world of possibilities with this fruit, which brings us to awakening. Now, given that we've already spoken about petrification and Pasifistas, I don't see it being a huge stretch to expand the Merrimera to me into being able to turn any other objects or even your environment into stone. Although I guess I would question why that would be in any way useful, I mean maybe to aid various forms of destruction due to the brittle nature of the stone. But another crazy awakening could say the user being able to petrify people by using emotions other than love or lust. Like for example, if someone was absolutely disgusted by you, imagine being able to harness that or any other strong emotion to your advantage. Because in the end, remember that Merrimera is an onomatopoeia all about being overcome with a feeling, so we may not need to stick simply to love and lust. In fact, just a little weird thought experiment here. What if the Merrimera to me did not act exclusively on love, but rather it uses the strongest possible emotion generated towards user as fuel. So for example, if someone like Caesar clown had eaten it, maybe general repulsion would be what the Merrimera to me would use as his fuel. Or if it was a Kaido, then maybe his fuel would be terror. And you know what? This conversation is getting a bit abstract. So let's bring things back a bit. Some other miscellaneous things to consider when becoming a love human, I guess. As stated before, the strongest way to counter this fruit is simply not to have any form of attraction towards the user, but other avenues are also available. For example, in the series, individuals who have particularly strong wills have been shown to be immune, such as crocodile, mehawk, and smoker. Of course, this doesn't necessarily mean that they aren't attracted to boa. They just may have their minds in the right place, so as not to be used as stone fuel. Of course, another great example would be Luffy, who is so pure of heart that he pretty much serves as the natural counter to the Merrimera to me. However, if you're a more regular person who is heavily subject to the whims of attraction, then listen carefully, because there is a way that you can prevent yourself being turned into stone, although you're probably not going to like it. But in order to overcome your feelings, essentially what you need to do is substitute that with another feeling, and one that seems to work pretty damn well is pain. And this was shown in the series when Vice Admiral Mamonga was forced to stab himself in the hand in order to avoid being turned into stone by boa Hancock. And look, it's certainly not an ideal solution, but it's something. On the flip side, if you have no self-control at all, such as a certain straw hat chef, then you may even be susceptible to the powers of the fruit, even when the user is not actively targeting you. And this was despite when Sanji was turned into stone simply upon citing boa Hancock, although it should be stated that this was a gag and likely isn't how the fruit technically functions. But then again, maybe it is, or maybe that's an awakening. Lots to think about. So in the end, we do have a bit of an odd fruit to consider here. There's no denying that it is capable of great power. However, a shocking amount of that comes down to the natural attractiveness of the user. I mean, if you're a bad match for the Merrimera to me, there is not a whole lot you can do to train yourself in its use. I mean, I guess you could start dressing better, maybe hire a stylist or undergo some form of cosmetic surgery to enhance it, but it's one of those fruits you would ideally need to very, very carefully consider before consuming it due to its conditions of use. So if you think you're hot af, then by all means go for it. However, if you're of the more humble persuasion, then it may be best to wait for something a bit more versatile. And with that, we are going to commit the Merrimera to me to the devil fruit encyclopedia. Next week, we have the first for the devil fruit encyclopedia because we will be covering not one, but two quantum, two mighty devil fruits, primarily because their themes are extraordinarily similar and they were introduced at the exact same time. And therefore I really cannot bring myself to make separate videos for them. But if you like snakes, well, then I have great news for you. And if not, well, apologies in advance, but this double bill will consist of the heavy heavy know me model Anaconda and the heavy heavy know me model King Cobra. If you enjoyed this video and the content this channel produced in general, then please do consider donating to the Grandliner View Patreon because the support of all of your amazing people is what continues to make this channel possible. And if you'd like to see more videos like this, but applied to other anime manga series, then please do check out my second channel, New World Review, for all of your wider needs. And if you'd like to join the fun at any time, then please do head over to my Discord server where a wide array of shenanigan retakes place on a daily basis. And finally, please do comment with your thoughts on the Merrimera know me. This has been the Grandliner View and I'll see you next time.


In this chapter, Russell starts exclusively stating whether philosophy and specifically foundation of metaphysical beliefs can be knowledge. And so if you recall what he did in the last chapter, the question really kind of breaking it down is, is it going to be a true belief that's either derived or justified with intuition and this highest guarantee of truth? And he answers it very quickly and says, well, no. And then he spends the rest of the chapter providing an example from Hegel. Okay. But then he finishes doing something else. He asks the question, well, I mean, at least answer the question, well, then what can philosophy do in terms of knowledge? And his answer is that philosophy is a really fantastic way for providing criticism. Russell talks about Hegel. Now the description that Russell gives for Hegel, he tries to do what, two or three pages, what Hegel did in hundreds. And as he said in the text, there's lots of debate about what Hegel has to say. Okay. So I'm not going to try to reproduce Hegel or Hegel here, I'm not going to try to reproduce everything of what Russell has to say about that argument. But what I would like to do is I'm going to try to illustrate the same point that Russell has by using a much more simplified case. So let's consider these four statements about objects, right? These are very commonplace statements. So the first one is that at least some objects have parts, right? So think about your car. And it's got spark plugs, tires, windshields, a steering column, lots and lots of parts on a car. Or even yourself. Right? We say that we are our bodies. We have hearts, lungs, kidneys, spleen, skin, bones, eyeballs, hair, everything, you know, all of that. We have these parts. Now so when we say that they have parts, we're not, what we're saying is that, well, there's a distinction between these things. There's a difference between my eyeballs and my heart. Okay. The second claim about objects is that at least sometimes, or even majority of times, objects can survive the loss of parts, even the loss of replacement of parts. So your car, you might have changed the spark plugs or got new tires or had the entry hold or something like this. We think, well, I didn't have to go down and file with the DMV with a whole new car. No, you didn't have to do that. And you didn't take your car around to your neighbor and say, hey, look at my brand new car. Didn't you just replace the tires? Well, yeah, but it's a brand new car. No, you don't think that. You think that you still have the same car, you just have a different part. Or even with yourself, right? You lose parts in your replacement, your skin. You lose hundreds of skin cells every day and your replacement in your skin. As a matter of fact, your body is going through a continual process of loss of replacement. So we got that objects have, at least some objects have parts. Objects survive the loss of replacement of parts. The third claim is that more than one object cannot occupy the same place at the same time. So I'm standing here, but there's no chair here at the same place at the same time, right? I can't walk into and occupy the same space as the camera. I can't occupy the same space as the floor or anything like that. Now we think that objects occupy most one place at a time. And then finally, we say that objects, you know, when you're like looking at me and you say, well, what's there? It's like, well, that's the body. What's the body? What's the collection of organs? So at least sometimes, or maybe all the time, right? We think that objects just are the collection of parts. There's nothing more to it than that. So if I sit here and I say, well, here I am. And I say, well, what parts do I have?  I've got all that. And then somebody asks, well, where's your body? I just told you, right? It's all the parts. Imagine going out your car. And somebody said, hey, where's your car? And he said, well, it's right here. And the person said, well, I see the tires and the windshield, the doors, the engine, I see the tailpipe, the tail lights. I see all of that. But I don't see the car. Something is wrong there, we would say. If you have all the parts, you have just the thing. There's nothing more on top of it. OK. Well, each of these is really intuitive, right? We want to keep each of these beliefs. But we have an interesting problem when we consider whether all these beliefs can be true together. So we're asking the question of whether all of these intuitions, these intuitive beliefs about objects can be true together. Well, consider this cat, Tybalz. Tybalz is an unfortunate, you know, it's a cat, right? Doing normal cat things has cat legs, cat head, cat tail, cat body, right? It's a cat, right? But Tybalz has an unfortunate accident. Tybalz loses his tail. Say it had a fortunate accident with a car door or something, I don't know. So Tybalz's tail gets separated from Tybalz. Now, for ease of reference, let's call the tailtib. Let's call the tailtib. So we're going to name the tail. OK. Well, so now here's the question. Did Tybalz survive the loss of his tail, the loss of Tybalz? Well, I mean, we think so, right?   My cat's tail is now gone. But we don't think that the cat has now died. We think that Tybalz has survived. Well, if you think that, then you're denying that last intuition about Tybalz, about objects, because Tybalz was a part of Tybalz. The cat had parts, legs, tail, head, body. The body had heart, lungs, fur, skin, everything else like that. So Tybalz lost Tybalz, but Tybalz survived. But if objects just are their parts, then Tybalz did not survive. Something else did survive. Something else, or something else survived, something else began to exist in the place of Tybalz. Now that's, now we don't think that that's true. But so if we say that Tybalz survived, then we're committed to the claim that, you know, they were committed to the rejection of that fourth claim, that there's something else to Tybalz than nearly the collection of all the parts. Well, suppose you take another way. Suppose you say, well, of course Tybalz survived, because Tybalz is not his tail. Now you don't want to quite reject four. You just want to say, well, Tybalz is not his tail. Well, then what is Tybalz? Because it sure seemed like the tail was a part of Tybalz. Do you start taking away parts? OK, well, what are you doing, right? You take away the legs, and you say, well, no, Tybalz can survive without legs. You take away the ears, and you say, well, Tybalz can survive without ears. It's getting kind of gruesome at this point. Sorry, I think it's traumatizing anybody. But the question remains, well, where is Tybalz? What is Tybalz? Well, if you keep removing parts, trying to figure out where Tybalz is, it sure seems like you're either going to do one or two things. You're either going to say that there's an essential part of Tybalz that makes Tybalz what he is, and the legs and the tail and the ears. That's just kind of added on. Well, if you're doing something like that, you're probably rejecting the first claim. If you're saying that, well, Tybalz is really here, but the rest of it is just kind of extra stuff, you're seeing what Tybalz really is has no parts. It's probably not the direction you want to go.  So no object actually has parts. There's just the thing that is the object and then some added materials. Well, let's try a different approach. Suppose we say, well, no, Tybalz did survive, and we're just going to go and reject four. We'll say, well, there's something more to Tybalz than merely the collection of Tybalz parts. So we got this Tybalz plus tip. Now, we would also talk about the legs and the ears and everything else. So we have all these parts together. Now, all these parts together don't make Tybalz. If we're trying to reject four, if we reject four, we say all these things together don't make Tybalz. But if they don't make Tybalz, look what happens. You have Tybalz occupying this space, but you also have the collection of all the Tybalz parts. So now what you have is Tybalz and a collection of Tybalz parts. I mean, collections are things, right? We talk about pounds of coffee. We talk about piles of sand. We talk about, yeah, I just said the collection of Tybalz parts. You can understand what I'm talking about. But if we have both Tybalz and the collection of Tybalz parts, then we have two things occupying the same space at the same time. So if we reject four, if we reject the idea that things just are their parts, then we have this problem of also rejecting three, that we now we have more than one thing existing at a place at a time. Well, suppose you want to avoid this mess altogether.  There's something else there. Whatever it is. And all this time Tybalz really just didn't survive. Well, as I said at the beginning, you're made of parts and you've lost and replaced parts. And if you go with that, then you're saying that you do not survive a very long amount of time.  That happens right there. You brush off skin cells. You no longer survive. Now that's a conclusion you probably don't want to accept. So trying to figure out, well, what's happening with Tybalz or even any of us when we lose just a little piece of us and something else replaces it is not an easy thing. Because these four statements, we want to keep all four of these statements. But they can't all be chewed together. Rejecting any one of them comes with a very heavy price. So this is the problem that's posed by intuitions. We had these intuitions. We had these beliefs. But they can't all be chewed together. And even some proposed solutions to the Tybalz case that I just described, there are some solutions that try to account for all four. But usually, almost not usually, almost always they butt up against some other kind of intuition that wasn't listed earlier. So what happens is that these metaphysical theories wind up rejecting at least one of these intuitions. Now, logic dictates that we can't keep all of the intuitions. Each of them is plausible, but together they generate contradictions. But if we can't keep all the intuitions, logic tells us that we can't keep all of the intuitions. But logic doesn't tell us which combination of intuitions we must keep. We can't keep all of them, but it doesn't tell us which subset of the intuitions we should keep. And with these different metaphysical theories, they wind up keeping some, but not all. So logic doesn't tell us which one to accept. And so this is that Russell's saying that logic is freeing because you can see with these possibilities that are beyond just what's given by our empirical knowledge. Empirical knowledge, when we talk about having empirical content, but as Russell has quick to point out, empirical content is always, always, always combined with some kind of a priori knowledge in order to generate beliefs. The principle of difference in the principle of induction are just two of them, the two big ones. And logic doesn't tell us which subset of these intuitions to keep. But depending on your subset, you're going to have different beliefs about what your empirical content is giving you. And we've already seen Descartes compared to Barclay compared to Hume compared to Kant. So logic doesn't tell us which subset to keep. Logic, and Russell says, what logic does is it frees us to look at a variety of different approaches. Now since logic doesn't tell us which subset to keep, there's nothing that tells us which theory is true. So since there's no theory that just comes out on top of all of these different priori theories, we do not have certainty. And since we don't have certainty, we don't have knowledge. You have probable opinion. OK, you have probable opinion. Some of us have error. That's going to happen. But most what you get from philosophy is not knowledge, but it's probable opinion. And Russell, frankly, is just not too confident as to how probable that opinion is to begin with. He probably thinks it's closer to true belief than anything, if it's true at all. Now that doesn't mean, so that answers at least the explicit question that Russell gives us in the beginning. Can we have philosophical knowledge? But it doesn't mean philosophy is without its uses. So what philosophy is really great for, Russell says, is criticism. Criticism. What does it mean by that? It doesn't mean that we just sit here and say, oh, I'll use theories. You're just that. It doesn't mean that. What philosophy can provide us with is a way of saying, OK, here you have a particular kind of reasoning used in your field, say, the physical sciences. Philosophy's task is to question, OK, how is that justified? If it's justified, how is it justified? And then to look at the reasons for that justification, to look at the argument as a whole, and to find coherence. Now one thing that philosophy is really excellent at doing is finding this coherence between beliefs. Now as we talked about two chapters ago, coherence is not enough for truth, but it's very helpful. Coherence is at least necessary for a true belief. The truth isn't going to disagree with itself. But it's not all there is to truth. So with this notion of criticism by asking what justifies our beliefs and having the demand for coherence, we can eliminate at least some error, at least some error. And in that regard, philosophy is useful for the rest of our academic intellectual endeavors.


Hello! Within this part we will discuss about different inter-task communication techniques which can be used within 3ARTOS operating system. Inter-task communication is an important part of each operating system. We have few possible techniques within 3ARTOS and CMC-SOS which can be used here. And it is extremely important to understand advantages and disadvantages of each of the techniques and sell them properly within your application. The most known and the most powerful one technique is Q. Q allows you to pass the information between the tasks, to pass a bit more information than just on off. So it can be structure, it can be any type of the information, it can be a pointer. The Qs and operations on Qs may block the tasks while they are trying to put something to the Q or get something from the empty Q. So it is important mechanism as well to manipulate on tasks and block them somehow when they are requesting some more information. We will discuss those in the separate section and we will try to demonstrate each advantages and disadvantages of the Qs. The next point, the next technique within inter-task communication are semaphores. Within 3ARTOS and CMC-SOS in fact we've got two types of semaphores widely used. These semaphores which are in fact on off schemes and counting semaphores which can be given and taken a few times more than one. So those are quite good and simple technique to synchronize the tasks and synchronize the task from interrupt for example. Disadvantage is that we do not have the full control on the fact which of the tasks which are waiting for the semaphores will be allowed to take it. It is decided by the scheduler based on the priority of the task and on the time which is spent on waiting for the semaphore. Those issues are not visible within event flags which are quite new mechanism within 3ARTOS and those are allowing us to synchronize the tasks on multiple events or together and we have to our disposal from 8 to 24 bits which can be used for the synchronization of multiple events, multiple tasks. And the important point is that this technique is not available within CMC-SOS API version 1. In version 2 it is present so we can use them as well. We've got again the separate section of this part as well. Then quite interesting one is direct to task notification called as well the event threads that are using the precise communication between the tasks. So one task is sending the combination of the bits to the other tasks. The address is really well known, well identified and it can be used to have much more control on the signal passed between the tasks. On top of those techniques we can put mutexes which are used to guard the short resources. This must be taken and released always in that order by each task that use those resources. So once we take the mutex we should give it back. So it cannot be given back by other tasks. So this is very important point and there is as well the dedicated part on this. So you can follow all of those groups in the next sections which would be built from theoretical part and then would be illustrated by the hands on parts. Thank you for watching this video.


Welcome to stories of escape and arising, refuge, refugees, refugio. Geschichten vom Fliehen und Ankommen. Just let me know. Who understands German? Now, you will hear a lot of things, enjoy it. However, you will get the message in English in a way or another as well. What my wonderful students, friends, and colleagues want to do with this is to be aware of what is going on these days. And we'll start with a piece. It's actually a scene in the movie Hannah Arendt, the movie from Margaret von Totta. And it plays exactly here at the university. She gives a lecture, and we will follow the encounters with her students. And then we will hear that in English. And this is for you, from the text that she wrote when she first came to the United States, real refugees. And the movie actually caught two. But that was so important, what she had to say there. But they transposed into the 50s scene, the 50th scene of the movie. Then we have the prologue of a piece of Elfriedi Yenemek. She's an Austrian laureate of literature. And her piece, George's, the Schutzbevollenden, just when people brought in London was the only thing they have was their life. And this is how it starts. We live, we live, help, we live, we are alive. That's all we have, that's all we need right now. But our survivors, but they witnessed so many. And it happened just over the weekend again. So many people told. And just being on the ground of the sea. Then we have a piece of the diary in 1933 on the 20th of April. So today, many years ago, we let listen to Katie Kovitz. We listened to the Geschwister Scholl, Sophie Unhant's Scholl with the Weiser Rosa, the White Rose, the only student movement that were anti-fascism, anti-Hitler. And there, yes, they were captured. And then thought of the concentration camp and downed. And we will at the end listen to the epilogue of Bertrand Precht's self-aufholdsame Aufstieg des Arturbo-Uli. And yes, we will have it in German and English. And you will understand how meaningful this is in our times. I want to thank you all to participate in that way of performance. No, we are not competing with the Drama Department. We are the German Department. We are not competing with the Music Department. However, we want to generate awareness that performance and a creative approach to the most important questions of our time is worthwhile for nobody who encounters that or who is involved in it will ever listen to that the same way, but it will vessel it differently. And as we will hear from Katie Kovitz, so important it is, to put the seed so that it can grow and that you in your own professional or private life will have seen new venues to join in to the many people who will not accept that but want to do something for the better. Thank you for the advantage that the worst that a person can do out of the burden of self-examination. But the worst has been seen in this year more radical than before. And we know until today that the worst or radical worst with such human, accessible, reasonable motives has nothing to do with it. It has much more to do with the following phenomena. The over-flexing of people as people. The over-flexing of people as people? Yes, the over-flexing of people as people. The entire system of concentration camps was also established to convince the prisoners that they would be forced to go before they were brought back. In the concentration camps, the people had to learn that the punishment does not have to do with a mistake. The exploitation does not have to bring a profit and the work does not take any results.  The camp is a place where sensuality is generated. Yes, the camp is a place where sensuality is generated. To summarize, one thing is true, that the legendary totalitarianism of absolute evil appears.  Then it was also true that without him, without the totalitarianism we had never been able to learn how to dispose of nature. Do you have a specific question for him? Do you want to know? Do you want to know in one word? I had the opportunity to learn a certain time in the interview of the camp in France. I had the opportunity to learn a certain time in the interview of schools in France. But weren't the French on your side? But at the beginning of the year, they also took us in. But when the Germans in 10 May 1940 marched into France, our French friends from the 1940s were in the tournament camp. After that, we had these new kind of people who were from their enemies in the concentration camp and from their friends in the tournament camp. We were from our friends in Nazis in concentration camps and from our friends in French in the interview of the camp. How did you get there? Once, I was lucky enough to see when he said to America, a visa, but no pass. It was 13 years ago that I started. What was your first impression of America? I think she used Hannah Arendt. Our optimism, indeed, is admirable, even if we say so ourselves. The story of our struggle has finally become known. We lost our home, which means the familiarity of our daily life. We lost our occupation, which means the confidence that we are of some use in this world. We lost our language, which means the naturalness of reactions, the simplicity of gestures and the unaffected expression of feelings. We left our relatives and Polish ghettos and our best friends have been killed in concentration camps. That means the rupture of our private lives. Nevertheless, as soon as we were saved, and most of us had to be saved several times, we started our new lives and tried to follow as closely as possible the good advice that our saviors passed on to us. We were told to forget and we forgot quicker than anyone could have imagined. And after four weeks in France or six weeks in America, we pretended to be Frenchmen or Americans. The most optimistic among us would even have their former life have been passed through a kind of unconscious exile and the only their new country now taught them what a home really looks like. It is true, we sometimes raise objections when we are told to forget about our former work and our former ideals are usually hard to throw over if our social standard is at stake. But the language, however, we find our difficulties after a single year of optimism and convince that they speak English as well as their mother tongue. And after two years, they suddenly swear they speak English better than their other language. They're German, it's a language they hardly remember. In order to forget more efficiently, you rather avoid any illusions, concentration or internment camps. We experienced in nearly all European countries. It might be interpreted as pessimism or lack of confidence in the new homeland. Besides, how often have we been told that no one likes to listen to all of that? Hell is no longer a religious belief or a fantasy, but something as real as houses and stones and trees. Apparently, no one wants to know the contemporary history has created a new kind of human beings. The kind that are put in concentration camps by their foes and in internment camps by their friends. In Friede Jelenik, he shoots before the man. We live, we live. The main thing is we live. And much more is not like life after leaving the holy homeland. No one looks at us in a negative way, but they do look at us in a negative way. We are not being judged by the people, but by all who are judged there and here. The wisdom of our lives is gone. It has become a layer of enlightenment, not the circumstance of the knowledge anymore. It is nothing anymore. It is also no longer necessary to take something into account. We try to read from the law. You don't tell us, we don't experience it, we are ordered and not carried away. We have to shine, we have to shine with him and then go there. But which land do we get? I prefer than this one. And we don't know such a land. Which land can we go to? We live, we live. The main thing is we live. And much more is not like life after leaving the holy homeland. No one looks at us in a negative way, but they do look at us in a negative way. We are being judged by no court of the people, by all who are judged there and here. The wisdom of our lives is gone. It has become a layer of enlightenment. Nothing is the circumstance of the knowledge anymore. It is nothing anymore. It is no longer necessary to take something into account. We try to read from the law. You don't tell us, we don't experience it, we are ordered and not carried away. We have to shine. We have to shine here and then there. But which land do we prefer than this one? And we don't know such a land. Which land can we go to? No, we don't go to the room. We hear the footsteps. We are going to the church. We stand up again. We don't eat. We have to eat at least. We have a second church here. We have two of the idols. No, we have eaten from the idols. And that is also described. We have nothing else. Who can we please prepare for this statue? We have written two tons of paper. Of course, we were involved. Please, let's keep the paper. No, we don't have paper. Only paper. Who can we hand it over? You? Please, here you have it. But if you don't start with it, we have to try everything again. Try again. Is that clear to you? No, we stand up again. We will be sent away again. We lie on the cold church floor. We stand up again. We don't eat. We have to eat again. At least drink. We have a second church here. Two of the idols. No, we have eaten from the olive tree. Yes, and that is also described. We have nothing else. Who can we please prepare for this statue? We have written two tons of paper. Of course, we were involved. Please, let's keep the paper. No, we don't have paper. Only paper. Who can we hand it over to? You? Please, here you have it. But if you don't start with it, we have to try again. Try again. Is that clear to you? We will be sent away again. We will be sent away again. Yes, you have said it. Look around. We will be sent away.  You tell us this once. And then you tell us that. And if we can be saved, but if we are not saved, we will not be able to do anything. We will not be able to do anything. We will not be able to do anything. O gods, we fall from your hands. Yes, you have said it. Look around. We pray to you.  You tell us this once. Then you tell us that. Nothing can be justified. But you are not justified either.  What should we do against you? You are allowed to do everything. You can do everything. Look here. Can you please tell us who the one who is standing in front of it? Here in the church we know which one. But there may be others somewhere else. There is a president, a chancellor, a minister, and of course there are also these criminals. We have noticed that. Don't worry. There are all of them right next to you. For example, you, who is always you? Who are you? You, you, Jesus, Moses, Messi, no matter. You, the house, the church, all forms of defense. You did not take us. We have also come from the same place. Come into your kitchen. The guards are closing. Please help us, God, please. Help us. Our feet have your shoes on. Our feet have completely different shoes on than the one who was lucky. But how is it going on now? Look here. Can you please tell us who is living here and who is responsible? Here in the church we know which one. But there may be others somewhere else. There is a president, a chancellor, a minister, and of course there are also these criminals. We have noticed that. Don't worry. There are all of them right next to you.  You, the house, the church, all forms of defense. You did not take us. We have also come from the same place. Come into your church. As a guard. Please help us, God. Please help us. Our feet have your shoes on. Our feet have completely different shoes on than the one who was lucky. But how is it going on now? What has blessed us? What has blessed us the mountains? Now we are in this church again. Tomorrow we will be in the monastery again. Thanks to God, thanks to the president. They would have settled in. They have settled in. They will be here tomorrow morning and after that. Where will they tell us? Where will they tell us? Where will they tell us? Where will they explain to us their own thoughts? That means, who will do it all? Who will do it for us? Who will make sure that we will be seen as well? And that without hesitation. They would have almost destroyed us. They would have almost destroyed us. Now we are in this church again. Tomorrow we will be in this monastery again. Thanks to God, thanks to the president. They have settled in. They have settled in. But where will they tell us tomorrow and after that? Where will they tell us a bet? Where will they tell us a bet? Where will they throw us out again? Where will they bury our own bones? That means, who will do it all? Who will do it for us? Who will make sure that we will be seen as well? And that without hesitation? Who will make sure that we will be seen as well? No one will make sure that we will be seen as well? It would not be useful for us either. Please, why are we here? We will not understand that. It is a bit long. It is a bit long. But what have we done? That they are afraid of us everywhere. They are afraid of the mine that I lost. That I have to lose it again. But they are afraid that I have to stay. That I can not stay there. Now they will give me life right away. Now they will give me life right away. If they are afraid of us, they will say, why did you come here? If you have a new arm again, use it now, in the word of law, that we do not know and do not know, that it is always like this, where everything is different. What do you see now? What do you see now? They found the basin of the sea coast, the swamp of the home, wet, lying in the grass, lost home. Died of their primitive teeth, they can see here. No one wants to come here, would not use him either. And why, please? Why are you here, too, teeth, on us? We do not understand that. We are long-term friends, yes. But what have we done here that they are afraid of us? Fear everywhere. Fear of the minds that I lose, that I have to go back.  Now they will give me life right away. They will give me life right away. If they are afraid of us everywhere, they will say, why did you come here? To have new fear again? Only now, in the word of law, that we cannot and cannot know. That is always the case when you are somewhere else and there are strangers. What is going on now? What is going on only now? We call for life in this swamp that we cannot and cannot know, that they are able to control themselves. Outside, they stand on a barge and see us. Please, do not be afraid of what they cannot and cannot know. Please, please, please, please, please, please. Klempherer from his diary. The 20th of April, Thursday evening, 1933, is it the urging of the atrocious propaganda, film, radio, newspapers, flags, forever news celebrations? Today, the Folk Festival, Adolf, our leader's birthday, or is it the trembling slavish anxiety that pervades? I am almost certain that I will not live to the end of this tyranny. I become progressively aware of the loss of personal rights. I am already not German and Aryan, besides being a Jew, and must be thankful for being allowed to live. The genius of this publicity is quite effective.  One sees the omnipotence and swallows it, and always the Hearst Festival song. And we submit a reading frame of Shahgold who survived the Holocaust. We're supposed to read that today. Unfortunately, she was unable to come and we wish her well. 20th April, 1933. This is the time it's available today. That must have gone well. Do you see? Is this the suggestion of unparalleled propaganda, film, radio, newspapers, and posters, always new festivals, today the People's Day, Adolf's birthday, or is this the trigger of the plan? I think I'm almost used to the fact that I no longer experience the end of this tyranny. And I'm almost used to the state of lawlessness. I'm not German and Aryan, but Jewish and it must be if you let me live. Great, you understand on the advertising. We saw a film before yesterday like Hitler's big appeal.  You can see his power and always live in this house. Thank you. 6th and 6th, and 70th years old. We decided not to repeat organizations in the same way and the SPD who was a member was banned. In 1936 we were banned from the state of law.  We were prepared for a long time not to fall into his hands. There was death and the youngest son Peter after just two weeks at the front in the First World War I would be at peace. On January 15, only in 1919 began the war with the double war on the heads of the Spartacus of Losa, Luxembourg and Karl Liebwind. This murder took place very badly. In 1900 I signed as already. I humiliate my life the people are able to transform their daily life. Work hard work. At the beginning of 1942 I took the last time the topic of Saatbrüste should not be the painting. And who do I do with the same loud vitro copy of my test paper. These days my ears were higher than the heart. The real Berliner boys the young horses were allowed to go outside. While the woman had the boys under her and her husband strong. And as soon as she came her arms and hands fell over. Then they should not be destroyed. This murder is like never before war. Not a single bullet was born before the war. 22 April 1945 I died 72 years ago. 70 years old. We decided not to emigrate. Even after the media political parties and other organizations were taken over by the Nazi party. And the Social Democratic Party of which Carl was a member was banned. We were interrogated by the Gestapo in 1936 who threatened to send us to a concentration camp. From this time on we prepared not to fall into their hands. Gallery owners cancelled planned exhibitions and my work was also withdrawn from some museums as a result of the Ent Ostekwist campaign. Seven death of our youngest son Peter only two weeks into the First World War at the front made me a pacifist. Who were leaders of the Spartacus League were murdered also in 1919. I was elected as one of only a few women to be a member of the Prussian Academy of Arts. But in February 1933 I signed as I had done in 1932 a call for the unification of the various workers' parties. The urgent call for unity this desperate attempt cost me my membership in the Academy. As it did to Heidemann, Max Wiedemann Otto Dix and Carl Schmidhorn In 1940 Carl died. To my doctor-in-law Otto Dix written in February 1944 I formulated something approaching a summation of my life's work. People have been pushed as far as they can endure for so many should not be milled. Once again I've drawn the same subject. Boys real Berlin boys who are greedily snickling the outside air like young ponies are being held back by a woman. The woman an old woman she has the boys by herself and brought them under her coat strongly and powerfully she stretches her arms and hands over the boys Seed for sewing should not be milled. Like never again war. April 22nd 1945 the day after tomorrow 72 years ago I died. Mr. Scholl Sophie Scholl and Hans Scholl the only anti-fascism anti-hidler movement in the student body in Germany the white rose the Weißerhose the last pamphlet 1943 the last airfield Communitoners We are shaken by the progress of the men of Stalingrad 3,000 German men had the brilliant strategy of the World War meaning and responsibility of death and death we thank you the German people we want to continue a militant of the fate of our army we want the lowest power of the party clicker the rest of our German boys never again the day of the defeat the defeat of such boys with the the most powerful tyrant that has killed our people in the name of the whole of the German people we demand from the state the personal freedom the cost of the good of the Germans and that he is the most important of us in a state of russian resolution every free opinion we grew up H.J.S.A.S.S we have our our lives to uniform to revolution to monetize when at school there was a harsh method that no men and themselves were able to escape a door to read how they could not be thought of at the time in order to not be ashamed and without conscience to blind stupid people who work for the spirit would be right to make this new fate to make Front fighters would lead students and leaders leaders to put the students in the honor German students have at the Munich high school the desire to give their honor a harsh answer German students have agreed for their comrades this is a beginning to fight our free self-determination without being able to create our thanks to the comrades who gave me a shining example of what it is first we have the hand hand hand hand the hand that the utipus shows what it is therefore learn how to see and not to baik with an act to그� be talking all day long the world was almost liked by such a nature the nations put him is kind be long but don't rejoice too soon could you &vo The womb he crawled from is still going strong. Der Schoß ist fruchtbar noch, aus dem das kocht. Der Schoß ist fruchtbar noch, aus dem das kocht. The womb he crawled from is still going strong. Der Schoß ist fruchtbar noch, aus dem das kocht. Der Schoß ist fruchtbar noch, aus dem das kocht. And whoever feels one of them comes to mind, brainstorming, thoughts, questions, whatever you want. No questions? If there is no question I will just finish it, until they've always answered your question. Yeah, you had such a wonderful selection of texts, so I was wondering how you chose them. This is actually, I can give that to my students, you know that this is the work of the students, to 416 minority voices in German culture. And we read and watched and worked with all kind of different material. And they identified which of the material we worked through during the semester. And they thought to lend best for our performance. And then in the particular film or novel or whatever it was, they identified always three things that they thought are most important to tell you in the story. And then we started from there, getting them and putting them in the form that it would lend to a performance. But maybe the students, is there something more to add? Well, from the many texts that we read, these seven, eight, seven, I think it's seven. We're the most relevant to each other. We pick the strongest themes throughout the course, which is primarily the refugees coming over from Germany or fleeing the country during those times. Yes, as we always, it was always about identity. It was always about being on the run and arriving, but then not feeling to be welcome or not having the legal rights or the papers you needed. And there are repetitive things we learned from all those who do that. I want to share an impression. First of all, I want to say that the choreography and the way that it was delivered was really very compelling. And also just to say that the texts were almost haunting to me because it had a lot to do. I mean, I kept on thinking about certain images that we're getting in the media right now. So I just want to thank you very much for the selection of texts because they resonate so powerfully with all of the things that people are enduring today. I think, you know, Peter Kovitz said, you know, that we can't endure this and people have been pushed to the edge of their endurance. And so thank you, you know, for the selection of texts and for the way that you so thoughtfully presented them. Thank you very much. Thank you to my wonderful students. It was a long but hopeful, rewarding journey and they did such a wonderful job. We have had endurance to go through the process.  Just actually as much a global survivor got sick and couldn't be our very specialist today. She was so kind to fill in and did it in a wonderful way. Thank you, Sharon. I'm interested in, it was, yes, it was a lot of children that I hope and think you still got a lot out of it before you heard it now in English. And we made sure more or less that you got the most important themes and questions in English. What was it that kind of you think will stick with you? What is it that might be from now on to allowing performance, allowing the arts to get voice to the voiceless? What might change your perception in the future? Any ideas about that? I said now you came here, you were part of this performance. What do you think from after the performance having allowed the arts to give a voice to the voiceless? How will that change your perception of things when you listen something here on the radio or in the media about the very unfortunate things that happened over and over again? The family people just this weekend and there are many people on the run but they never make it to what they hope is hereditary. Hannah Aaron said when they asked people how was it for you when you arrived in the United States? Oh, paradise. But a lot of people just on the plane never make it. So my question is what do you think?  How will you encounter them eventually differently? My response as a grandchild of immigrants is to be reminded by these texts even though my grandparents were not German and Italian is to be reminded of that feeling of being an outsider, being different and yet in the texts we see among everyone the common human emotions that link us all together as human beings, fear, anger, frustration, love. They link us all together as human beings. Somebody who doesn't speak German, it just reminds me of the power of words even if you don't necessarily understand them. It was the inflections, the tones, the little bit of English that we did get that kind of set the tone for everything else that was going on. And it's just being reminded that just because somebody doesn't understand you doesn't mean that you can't still get your message across. Thank you. Do you have questions for the students that participated? If there's something you would like to know? What were you guys all saying at the end, what was the different between them? What's that very last? She was the little English president? Yes, we have it. The role from which he crawls is still going strong. More meaning for France right now. And he voted in 1941 in exile as well in Finland. The peace. Do you have a question for Mark? Yes, please. For the students, did you guys learn German like with your family or preschool? I've only learned German at university, so I've only learned German for two and a half years. I'm German, I speak German at home. Kind of cheating, but I'll take it. Same deal with your German with my first language. I do not speak German. I speak German. And for me too, I'm German, German is my first language. This was actually we have a resident and he did read from his to us. There was a person out and I thought, hey, he had a shadow. And I thought, oh, that's interesting. Let's have a shadow too. Like an echo for Yellenegg is really it's she plays with words and even for a native speaker. This is so dense and this is so incredibly artistic. They call it actually a work of art in writing. So so that it's worthwhile to to kind of have a chance to hear it again. Yeah, but there is a beautiful brand new translation of that. And it would be my book to be able to do a staging of both the whole piece in German ending. But it's incredibly difficult to translate that. Yeah. Thank you for the question. And I would add that it's easy to understand. Oh, yes. Yeah, yeah. This was a hand-bought apartment. If she said it, you'd have to know where to keep it. She would know. Yes, guys, it's actually true. Is that true? And did you hear how nice it sounds? Yes. Now, on that happy note, and thank you. Thank you so much. I must say I would like to express that in the property that the head of our department is on the medical and gave us the honor to be here with us. So many things that meant a lot to us. Thank you so much. And thank you to all of you. It has been delightful to have you here. And I hope you enjoyed it and take one or two thoughts of that with you. Thank you.


Oh I'm alive. I'm alive for a reason.  Okay, you are not. How's it going everybody? Dottodoy here and I am so excited because the brand new Demon Slayer game has finally dropped and that means we get to go online and get some matches in. Well at least that's what I would say if this was a normal video. But this video is about as unusual as it will ever get on my channel as this is actually a Syriac's video that we were recording for him but he actually already had an artist draw up a Rengoku thumbnail and a moment in this video was so jaw-dropping and I mean that literally that it no longer was a Rengoku video. I know this video is going to be paced weird but this moment had to be up on the internet somewhere so hopefully you can enjoy it and if you do leave a like and let me know below in the comments. Ladies and fellas men the Demon Slayer game is finally among us or at least us. We got some early access so set up for the powers that be that allowed us to have this but I got to play Rengoku full disclaimer I just binge watched all of Demon Slayer not too long ago and it's an amazing show. Make your move coward. Bro you don't want to get perfect parried make your move. Is this really the bit you want to start with. Yeah watch this.  Okay so you knew what I was going to do. I'm already getting saved. Perfect parried I did. All right. Where did you actually work? Where did you actually work? I didn't practice like a little bit. Hey you're blocking you can't stop this grab. What's crazy I actually can't stop that grab. It's true we've done a little meta discovery or something. Play this game. Yeah because that's real quick. No comment section below since I don't think I have any Demon Slayer content. Who is your favorite like Demon Slayer characters. And also. I'm going to say Xaz. Thank you. At least. Oh I'm behind him now. How did you get behind him? I don't know. I don't know but you're dead I think. Because now you're going to get assisted and whoops. Bro those grabs like you can't do anything about it. But anyway the first round doesn't count. You know nobody even paying attention. I'll just speed away bro. Take care. I'm all warmed up now please. All right what do you want to do? Are you still walking? Oh that's so embarrassing for me. Yeah. That's you don't. Let's just take a look at this. I forgot you had a save. Yeah I was jumping away. Come here. Oh god. Where you running? I need to. I've actually learned to reset. You did reset me. Man you don't both of your characters a combo from like. It's game first one. It's game first one. Hey you knew I couldn't. I'm being forced. Nice form. Oh everything that I do with Rengoku slightly hurts me but no spoilers. I thought I lived with like zero health. I'm mad that right when I saw Zenitsu I was like yeah that's the doddle of the show bro.  You would be Zenitsu. Perfect parry by the way. Never mind. How's it going for that dude?  Did you jump? No I just. You can just do any action out of it to cancel. Yeah go ahead run and then Inosuke is going to catch you. Get off him. Oh that back that one. Our movement's looking kind of clean I must admit. But just in case it doesn't in the future this doobie day one. Okay. The future viewers know how to play the game. Bro future viewers give us some credit that was a smooth movement. Hey Oh Inosuke's not done with you. No I'm not done with you. Okay he's done with you. I'm trying to decide if I should kill you right now or rescue.  Too bad. That's so broken. I can't attack. I can't block. Maybe hope for a day one patch. God. Day zero patch bro. I need it. I need it something crucial. You're able to just counter my dash with just buttons. Oh that's fine. Not great. Gotta drop and drop and drop and. This is an ultimate art level three. How much damage does this do raw? I want to see it. Zenitsu level three ultimate.  Oh you're dead. It's never a good time in a country. Oh my god. Hey bro we should have left this video in the drafts bro. Run it back. Bro we both. The thing that found me is we both went speechless when the enemy comes. We both. Oh my god our reactions.    Bro both of us saw that first hit and went oh that was a lot of and then the enemy cuts he played it we just said. Bro literally once you see my face my jaw dropped. I don't have a face again but my jaw literally dropped. I'm going to cartoon edit my jaw dropping like a cartoon bro. Already that was just the end.  Like I knew it would be a lot. I didn't think you were going to die. Oh you were just behind the waterfall. I thought you were going to hit by the left. Hey after that your air pressure kind of different right now bro. Bro I did not enjoy what occurred. What are you going to do about it? No I can't do anything. What are you going to do about it? Oh my god.  Okay wait maybe I can get my groove back.  Bro when does this end? Too bad. There's nothing I can do. Yeah that needs to be patched. That needs to be patched. I am probably dead here if you want to spend it. You let me live? It doesn't matter. Oh my god you perfect parry in the clutch. It doesn't matter. It doesn't matter. Perfect parry in the clutch. Your air pressure is different bro. Your air pressure is kind of different. Perfect parry in the clutch. Bro I did not like what occurred. I tried to do my grab. I saw. I saw. I just got to be closer. Bro your combos be going on and on and on and on.  We're trying.  What are they even talking about? They didn't do anything. Sorry about that bro. There's nothing I can do.  Bro why are you running on me like that bro? Mine better go crazy. Mine better like. Let me see the finishing cut scene. Bro this is level two. If you had level three maybe. I hate that I'm even saying that bro. Yeah this is going pretty crazy. Pretty crazy. Nino's gave you.  I did that hurt so much.   I'm just jumping with my super yeah. You should be fast bro. Oh no you blocked. Oh no. Let's go. Let's go. Oh no. Okay that's fine. I'll be okay. Bro that's right. That's right. No team chemistry is that what's going on. Get off me. It's okay I still. No the waterfall. Where is my team chemistry. Man had a contingency plan.  Where are you going?  Are you afraid that it will be the end of the game. Yes. No. No. No. Oh but you still keep your level three. Yes. What was it four. What was it all four. Are you afraid. Okay straight in. With coffee dons. Still on you.  No I'm not. No I'm not. As much as I love Rengoku I feel like his speed. Again it's so early I feel like I can't judge characters yet. That was a good little mix. I feel like I can't judge characters just yet but like it feels like startup. Like compared to Zenitsu at least. Good lord.  No I didn't. No you didn't. No you didn't. You did but no you didn't. I did but you were able to escape. You didn't know you escaped. You just found out. You found out what I found out. It's true it's true. You found out what I found out. Surprise.    You have every right to say that to me bro. Where you going? Where you going? Where you going?  Please don't force me into this scenario dude. Okay good. No. Drop it. Drop it. No there's nothing to drop. Oh my god. Okay. Okay. So you're just dashing forward. I gotta get these combos down because when you get a hit I feel like you're getting a lot more mileage out of it. Oh that's gonna be traveling. Oh I'm dead. You're dead. I want to know if you're dead. Ultimate level three. I'm putting everything in this. Please play the anime cutscene. If I am? I will laugh. No. No anime cutscene. Oh thank god. Thank god. But you're still open to mix. Eki deki hisen. Oh god. No Rikogu. Tadra hold him down. Hold him down. Tadra go.  Oh my god.  Don't spread this. Don't spread this. I'm not trying to. No it's early. It's early.   And I can't do nothing about it. I think I like this character. I don't. I no longer want to associate you with this character. This should be my video. What the fuck's happening here? That's what I'm saying.  Alright let's fight dude. What? How did I lose that? Favoritism and video games? What is this? I'm getting jumped. Okay. I keep randomly trying to block a circle and all things.  Am I not bouncing away? Oh. Obviously you don't like to bring Tanjiro. Are you scared? Tanjiro you know he's cool and all. He ain't the reason I'm playing. Or a little grab man. I just like this combo so much. You can't jump and block. You can't jump and block. Does that hit? Oh. This is a bit overkill but I'll take it. Fair enough. This is very much overkill. Rengoku! Imagine being in a fire tornado. I don't have to imagine. I'm in there. Here I am. Okay so I'm done one round. It's not great. It's all that. It felt pretty good about that one. So how do you cancel your dash? You just dash and do it again. You just tap dash again? Yeah you just dash. You just dash and then you would keep backing. What is this? What are we doing? Listen. No bro.   Burn to ashes. Say your heart ablaze. Oh my god. My combat did nothing. Comparatively of course. What are you scared of? That perhaps? And I'm going to get grabbed our time. No. Oh my tornado hit.  When you actually use that move as an assist it sucks. I didn't block. Is that the square and then into dash into square? Yes. Bro. That's what I need to start doing.  I'd be looking extra stew. Oh I'm alive. I'm alive for a reason.  You are not. Bro that is fucking. Well you know I'm throwing a little mix into it right? I did notice the mix. I don't know what triggers me to have that cool little area. I thought you would go for a grab. I thought about it. Tough. And pre-grab. And pre-grab. Tough. Just in case anyone plays fighters this is the equivalent of like as Betida sister is hitting you. Okay.  I'm not allowed to grab it. Alright I see what's happening here. You're dead. You're alive. Enoskay? Please Enoskay please. Enoskay please. Okay unfortunately I let that. Okay we learned it. We're learning slowly but surely. Go on to the long. We need learning slowly but surely alright. Okay. I don't run. Fucking.  I'm out of here. I didn't get my block.  Block this. Well the second time I got it but I didn't want it that time. I'm just gonna wake up and mash. Okay. I'll take it. I gotta throw some specials after that. Feeling good? Feeling good? Feeling great? I'm dead. I'm dead. Oh no I dropped it. Can I just back dash or something? Anything. I'm trying anything. Alright now what's the mix? You gotta guess. Wrong. Bro grab. Why? Dude I got mixed in this game dude. Okay let's go. Let's go dude. Man playing hero when a demon player is crazy. Why do I keep pressing circle to guard? God he barely got nicked. Fight back you know what I'm saying.  You don't need to give up. I'm the one who doesn't. Who shouldn't give up. I tried to use my ultimate. You're alive?   That's not good. Why do you have super armor? You're not even hitting me. Super armor. I did have super armor. That's crazy. Bro what is this game? What is this game? I'm saying mine with more of a smile inflection.


Hi everyone, Basel Chapman doing the Tiger Financial News Network, noon update. I'm the host of the Tiger Technicians Hour coming up straight after this update and the dial is down 162 at 26,178th at 26,487 high or four days ago just had a beautiful doji candle. Usually, I use just a few candles as markers in my work and one of them is this plus sign, the little doji, especially if it's a small candle after big candles and it's very often is either a halfway marker on the way in a directional move continuing or it's a reversal candle and it was a reversal candle with a gap down yesterday. Of course, that was helped by that was helped by Boeing being down 18 points. Today's down another five points. So we're looking at the 14-period moving average of 26,080 as already key support here on the very short term closes under that and that will confirm that the AISNA chapter may have instant restart this is a PE top least a near to short term top will go from there on the upside any move back into the 26,400 this week would be very positive. It's going to be tough to do. S&P is also down right now. It's down to 0.62%. The S&P is down 0.47% a little better down 13 at 2882. It's made a potential PE here with that high yesterday. Just simply put, if it starts to close under 2869, the 9-period moving average, that would suggest that at least a short term top. Now the QQQ reached within two points, just under two points, no, just over two points of its all-time high of 187.53 yesterday's high was 185.28. Just an eye blink away from making an all-time high. This is where you start to see a lot of resistance in the V-shaped recovery. Look at the SMHs. The SMH went to 112.90 all-time highs. That's $114.55, $1.60 away from an all-time high and miraculous turnaround from the low of 18.71 the last week of December. Really a fantastic comeback. So we're going to be looking at that goal just real quickly. And I'll do a little more in my show. Goal is up eight. That's very good. 13-10 and the dollar is down commensurate with that counterpoint move. And we will be looking at this a little closer when we get to my show. We want to be looking at crude oil and bonds. And stocks. I'll be right back. Hope to see you soon. Otherwise, see you tomorrow.