I'll be very surprised man, we caught two right here. I don't know. Oh my God. That's a good one. Oh that's a good one. Oh that's a big one. Yo what's poppin' people, welcome back to another episode of Kicking Their Bass TV. Today we're gonna be doing some pond fishing. I'm excited about it, having filmed a video like this in a good second. Actually got my boy Fletcher with me today. We're gonna be hunting for those giants. Come here, come here, come here, come here, come here. What's going on guys? I got a Fletcher today, crazy story. Fletcher I apologize man, I was super late today. Yeah, Noah we hung out for the Super Bowl last night and he goes yeah I'll be over there at eight o'clock in the morning, let's go get it, let's get a bunch of fishing done. I call him at eight, doesn't answer. I call him at 10, doesn't answer. Shoot him a text, doesn't answer. Finally get a call from this guy at like 11 o'clock. He didn't get over here till like 12, 30 today so we're getting a light start but.  We have that positive vibe going, we got that positive energy and we're gonna kill it today.  But yeah, I'm kinda irritated I slept in today but it is what it is we live when we learn and next time we're not gonna do that. So if you guys are new to the channel, hit that subscribe button, hit the notification bell, also hit the like button, I hope you guys have been enjoying the content. We're gonna go ahead and rig up some rods, get out to these ponds, hopefully catch a big one today, I'm excited about it but yeah, drop some comments down below on the videos you guys wanna see and let's hop into it. All right, so we got our setups for today, let me show you guys exactly what I got. This is my Custom Pro on a Mach 2 and then I have one of these Strike King Skipping Jigs on here. This is my first time trying it out today so I'm gonna give you guys an honest review, hopefully this jig is awesome, they make a ton of different jigs but I'll fill you guys in on this one, it's just a green pumpkin, blue swirl in it and then I have a little rage crawl in the back of it, this is on 17 pound line. Then right here I have a Chatterdonk aka the Thunder Cricket by Strike King, then we got this on my Mock Crush rod, I know you guys love this rod and you wanna see more videos with it so we're gonna be chucking it today and this thing casts like a dream so hopefully we'll get a big fish on this. Then I also brought a Dropshot box, I don't know if I'm gonna be using that in this specific video but maybe later today and then we have some of the KVD Perfect Plastics and these are the caffeine sheds, pretty much like a little fluke and then we have some more rage crawls. But I hope you guys are having a great day, more importantly, I hope you guys are having a great week. 2021 has been an awesome year so far, we're one month in already which is just crazy, I traveled in the RV, it was a long journey and I'm just excited to be out here today. But we're gonna go ahead and walk out to the first pond, there's two ponds that we're gonna hit, there's a smaller one over there that we've caught a lot of big fish before and then we have this one behind me which is ultra clear that I'll probably end up tying like one of the flukes on and working this thing very well. Yeah, I'm excited about it today, hopefully the fish aren't really stubborn but I think we're gonna catch them, I think it's gonna be an awesome day and we're gonna kill it, let's go ahead and hop into it. All right, so I kinda wanna walk right here real quick, my fletcher's rigging up. So like I said, I've never thrown this jig yet, I actually made a TikTok about it, if you guys wanna go check me out on TikTok, go to TikTok, type and kick in their best TV, I've been posting some Skip the Catches over there but yeah, I caught one fish on it, it was at the end of the day, it was actually like my third cast so I really didn't get to throw this thing a good bit. There's a lot of grass on the bottom but I kinda wanna see, this is like the clearest pond I've ever fished, like I'm literally watching my bait, it's crazy. I kinda wanna see how this jig's gonna act in the grass and I wanna get too much on it. Just wanna make sure it's gonna be able to go through this stuff, there's actually a little bit of slop on the bottom and this is a skipping jig so I kinda wanna skip it around a little bit, see how it glides across the surface. If you could watch that TikTok, I'll actually play it right now. Nice little fish, at the end of the day, it's like a catch one right there. That was like my first couple casts with it so it seemed like it glides pretty good. Let's get a good little cast, that's horrible. It's so weird when I go to, like if I'm trying to skip without actually knowing what I'm skipping on it, okay, let's give it one more. One more good skip and that's a horrible skip. And this is my first couple casts of the day too. Let's see. Okay, skipped about six, seven times right there. Not bad at all. You know, if we're fishing cover lay-downs and I actually had a target to throw at, you know, I'd be a lot more accurate and skip a lot better. But let's go ahead and start fishing guys. I'm gonna let you guys know how this jig is. I haven't gone jig fishing in a minute so I'm actually, I'm pumped about it. I think we're gonna catch a good one today. So let's hop into the video. Yes, look at that. I literally watched her to meet it. This water is so clear. Yo, that is awesome. Oh my gosh, she came out of nowhere like a rocket right towards that jig. Look at that beautiful fish. Oh man, you gotta love that. This clear water is so much fun.  Fletcher's still rigging up, that was like instant. That was instant. Maybe they're gonna bite good today. That's a good sign. And with it being clear, I kinda wanna throw a lot further than I would normally throw on this bank. And I'm actually like watching my jig. Oh gosh, there's one right there. Just swim and watch this guys, watch this, watch this. He sees me. He's gonna eat it. Let me just play with him. Yeah, he sees me. He's a little spooked. I'ma really right past his face. Oh man, I wish you guys could see this. This is like the clearest pond. Oh my God, I have another one on it. I think he just ate it. He came off, this is insane. Dude, it's so clear Fletcher. Just like a pound. Dude, it is so cool. I've never seen a pond this clear in my life dude. One, fish are biting. And two, it's just really cool sight fishing them. I don't know if you guys can see it though. I was hoping the GoPro would capture that on camera. We're about to have some, oh yes. One just ate it. There he is. Oh my God, this is crazy. Look how beautiful this is. Let's go. Hey, they're not big, but when you're actually watching the fish eat your bait, I literally watched them from the other side of the pond. That's how crystal clear this water is.  Haven't thrown a jig in a while. We get out today just pretty day outside. And we're just sitting here smacking them.  What is good, brother? Hey buddy, look at my new merch buddy. Can I feature your new merch in the video? Check this out, there's a little sneak peek right here. Oh nice. Does it look really good? I like it. I'm glad you got them. Well stay tuned for Adub's merch coming soon. I got one. Always got it again. What? I got a stretch in my line. They might be loaded on that bank. Just a long cast to hook a fish on. Oh, he's following it out. I could see him. Holy cow, he's out here in the middle. He's got it. Oh, that's a good one. Oh yeah, that's a good one. Look at that. I ain't no little one pounder. Looks like he's two. Nice, look at that. Pretty clear water. Look at that, it's crystal clear. So pretty. Let's go. He ain't quite two, but he's a solid probably one and a half. Bigger than the last two I caught.  Little thick, chunky guy. Thank you so much for biting, buddy. We're gonna get a little nice release since we're by the water. Enjoying life, catching fish. That's what it's about. There he goes. Let's throw it back in there. We're gonna go right back over there. I know there's some more fish. I pulled off a ton of fish off that spot. There's probably five over there. So making that long cast. They don't know I'm here all the way up. I got one. Oh yeah, he's running with it. Yep. They're stacked on that bank. Making that long cast. Oh, look how clear that water is. He's a really small one. Look at that. You cannot beat that, guys. You cannot beat that. Look at that. It's just so cool to watch these fish swim in this water. Look at that right there. There's right there on the other side of the bank. There's a lot of fish stacked up around there. And as we were just talking about these fish get a little more spooked in clear water. They know you're here. But making that long cast to this other side of the bank is getting a lot of bites just because we're way far away from over there. See if we can get another one. Bites actually really soft too.  Oh man, they're not big, but let me tell you catching these fish in this crystal clear water right here watching them fight when they come back in catching them on a jig. It's just a lot of fun, man. It's a lot of fun. Hopefully we'll get on some bigger ones here in a bit but we're just enjoying life. Enjoying fishing, having a good time, beautiful day outside. It's been raining recently. So gotta think of it that way. It's just pretty, pretty day, pretty best. And I'm liking the jig so far. Not gonna lie, it is smoking then. I believe if I had a black and blue one on it probably wouldn't be catching them as good. But since I got this little natural color they're smoking it. That was a bad right there. No way. That was a fish on bed. Who's about to eat it? He's about to eat it. I can't want him. Is this TikTok content? That's a TikTok video. I'm sorry guys. If you guys want to see some clips like that and me catching them on bed, look you took one of my crawls. Go head over to my TikTok because I'm gonna go catch this fish and put it out there. So we just came back to the golf cart. I wanted to show you the pack of bait so I was gonna grab. These are the rage crawls. They're just green pumpkin. Smell like coffee. Smells amazing. I used to use these all the time.  And I have a lot of confidence in the bait. One of my favorite crawls out there that's ever been made in the fishing market. So it's just awesome to be partnered up with this company guys. Awesome people over there. And I'm looking forward to the big things that we're gonna be dropping soon. Follow me on TikTok as well. We're gonna go over there and catch a few fish on bed. Go follow me over at TikTok, kickin' the bass TV. We're about to hit a million. Oh, that's a good one. That's the biggest one yet. Yep, that's a two pounder. Easy two pounder. Look at that. Yes, we're upgrading. Let's go. A little two pound action.  Pretty guy, chunky guy. He's probably pushing too. He's high one. I'm looking through the goper right now and this fish literally looks like it's a pound. So weird. I don't know why the goper does that. Maybe it's the wide angle. I don't know. I promise you this fish is a high one. On the camera, he looks like he's about half a pound, but hey, we're having fun. Look at that. That is so cool. That is so cool. That bite was so good too. Dude, they're stacked on that bank. They're good ones too. That's a two pounder. It's tossin' that jig, bro. They're freaking smoking it. Like they are crushing this jig. If you throw it over here, bro, they're stacked here if you wanna catch some. That's a pretty one. Give him a little tiny toss. Nice. That was two casts in a row on this spot. Oh, he's just ate me. I watched it. Not a bad one. I watched him eat it. There was another fish with him. Look at that pretty bass. Guys, they were crushing this jig. I know at the beginning I was like, yeah, I'm gonna give him a little review on this jig. Well, let me tell you, I got nothing but positive things to say about this thing right now. The hookup ratio is good. It's catchin' fish and it's just a pretty natural color and these bass are loving it in this clear water. When you're fishin' clear water, I like to throw your green pumpkins, your watermelons. This color is like a green pumpkin. Let me show you. A green pumpkin with blue swirl in the skirt. And then this crawled-down throwing is just a green pumpkin rage crawl. So it's very natural. When you're fishin' this clear water, I like to throw green pumpkins and watermelons.  And that's kind of what I'll live by when it comes to bottom baits. He's right there in that little cubby. I think there's another one. Yep. Dude, that's a good one. Fletcher, look how big this one is. That's like a three pounder. Oh, nice. Is he? No, he's not. He's like a high two. He came off.  Dude, he rolled back in the water. I still grabbed him. That fish is close to two pounds. They look big in the clear water. But, that's a fat guy, bro. They look like they're a half a pound on a GoPro, but, we were just talking, I was talking to the GoPro. I'm like, they look so small, but I promise you they're a little bigger. Honestly, yeah. Like it's an awesome, sorry. No, Florida is such a, that's actually a good one, isn't it? Is that a three pounder? Dude, it's so hard to tell in the clear water, they look a lot bigger. Don't they look like, it's so cool. Oh, it's so cool watching them swim in this stuff, dude. Oh yeah, that's probably the best one yet. Solid two pounder. Pretty colors on them. He thumped that thing good, guys.  Pretty fish right there. Just enjoying it, guys. They're smoking this jig and fishing clear water with that jig is just a lot of fun. All right, so we're walking down to this other side. I'm gonna stay far off the bank. So watch this. I'm gonna stay like kind of like this and I'm just gonna watch. Okay. I'm just gonna walk down the bank. Normally I'd be fan casting, but since the water's so clear, I don't wanna spook those fish by being up close to that shore. And two, I can just sight fish them. If I could, like, I haven't done sight fishing in a while, so I'm kind of enjoying every second of it. So we're gonna stay far off the bank, look in the water. These Walmart sunglasses are not the best. By the way, everybody asked me where I get my sunglasses. I literally buy $10 Walmart sunglasses, like. I'm very basic, man. Oh, I usually have a pair of Ray-Bans here and there, but I just kept breaking them or losing them. And I was like, you know what? Walmart is the move for my sunglasses for the time being until I come out with some kickin' the bass ones, which will be soon. Stay tuned for that. Oh yes, multiple, multiple. Watch those guys. I kind of spooked them. Just being so finicky, always looking at it. There's so many, holy cow. You just ate it. I don't wanna walk up, there's so many fish. We're gonna, so this is what we're gonna do. We don't wanna spook those fish, we wanna catch them, right? So I just caught this one. We're gonna throw it right here in the water. I apologize, I probably shouldn't have done that. Whatever, next time we'll release them down by the water. I'm sorry. I don't like promoting throwing fish like that. But we're keeping it raw, man. Unless I'm a better person every day, so if we live and we learn.  Like I said, you find one fish, you find five. Oh, gosh, that's a good one. Oh yeah, that's the best one today, isn't it? You're close to it. Oh man, dude, we're doing it, we're doing it. You just pay attention to what I'm doing here. I'm not throwing the fish back where those fish are. You know, I don't wanna spook them, I don't want them, they don't even know I'm here.  I'll be very surprised if we get another one to bite, but what a good little fish right there. Almost two pounds, get him back in the water. There she goes. I just caught Fletcher over here. I want him to catch a few. I'll be very surprised, man, we caught two right here. I don't know. Oh my gosh, that's a good one. Oh, that's a good one. Oh, that's a big one. Oh, look at that one. That is a stud, that is a stud. That's what we've been waiting on all day. Oh man, that's a stud, bro. Yeah, that's a good, that's the best one today. Look how fatty he is. They're going that corner, oh God, I got ants on me. They up in there? I got fire ants on me. Yeah, there's more Fletcher that you guys can catch. I'll let you kind of play with it. Guys, look at that, that is a stud. It's a solid two and a half pounder.  Give him a little toss back in this water. That's the ones we're looking for today. We haven't really caught any good ones, but that is a good fish, a little tiny bass swimming all. Thank you, buddy, for biting. God, that's a stud. Let's go, let's try to get another one.


This paper examines the environmental impact of using single-use plastics versus reusing glassware in laboratory settings. The authors found that reusing glassware can reduce the carbon footprint by up to 11 times compared to single-use plastics. Additionally, they calculated the cost savings associated with reusing glassware over time and found that it was often cheaper than using single-use plastics. This paper provides evidence that reusing glassware is more environmentally friendly and economical than using single-use plastics.


Epidermal flexible pressure sensing arrays have been developed to provide high quality data for medical monitoring, human-machine interaction, and the Internet of Things. These arrays use materials with superior flexibility and performance, and they can be fabricated using various techniques. The electrodes and sensitive layers of these arrays are designed to maximize performance, and recent applications include integration with backend circuits. Future work should focus on addressing the challenges associated with these arrays, such as cost, reliability, and scalability. This article was authored by Shuli Nan, Shikwonsu, Shinching Chow, and others.


Hello and welcome to City View, where we give you an inside view of the City of Columbia. I'm your host, Alicia Utsi. In our top story, we take you to National Night Out and the Kickoff. The Kickoff event was held on Friday, August 3rd at Spirit Communications Park. The National Night Out Kickoff is an annual event that is held prior to National Night Out in the neighborhoods. This year's Kickoff event was held at Spirit Communications Park, which was a first. The event featured presentations, speeches, and exhibits from the Columbia Police Department, the Columbia Fire Department, and several other city departments. Following the Kickoff event, it's time for National Night Out in the neighborhoods. And this year, several neighborhoods participated. Know our neighbors or who know our neighbors. We don't see them and talk to them on a regular basis. And this is just at least one night a year, you know, that people intentionally say I'm going to, no matter how busy I am, I'm going to come out, I'm going to be with my neighbors, I'm going to have some great ice cream and food and, you know, and see people and just be neighborly and be a community. Everybody gets a chance to meet new neighbors that they probably didn't know before and communicate with each other. The police and the community together, a positive environment, I think goes a long, long way, especially in today's environment, today's society, where maybe the police and the community's relationships aren't ideal and the eyes of many people just gives all of us an opportunity to kind of help connect the dots, help bridge the gap. The people get to know each other, they get to know their neighbors real well. And for something like this, National Night Out, it's always a great chance for people to come out and meet people they didn't know and just kind of just hang out and visit, especially with the police here, the Columbia police. Not only giving out a lot of school supplies to our youth in the community, but also it's really, really good and neat to see different law enforcement agencies come together along with the community. I think that sends a strong, strong message to our communities when it comes to offering a safer environment. Columbia, we're so strong in our neighborhoods, the great part about it is that you've got neighborhoods all over the city having National Night Out, some neighborhoods coming together so you're not just with the people in your neighborhood, but you're with people with adjacent neighborhoods. And so to me, it's just a great night of community and what better way to spend a famously hot August evening. Strong neighborhoods are the foundation of our community and neighborhood growth is very important. Recently, a ribbon-cutting ceremony was held for new homes in the Edgewood community. We are extremely proud of this project and commend the Columbia Housing Development Corporation's Board of Directors and staff for the work they have done to provide quality housing in this community. Our goal in community development is to fund projects that offer opportunities for home ownership and rental housing. This project is one that includes mixed incomes. Well not only a ribbon-cutting ceremony is held for new homes, but also new business ventures. We venture into North Columbia and Northman Plaza for the new ATM ribbon-cutting ceremony at Wood Forest National Bank. Thank you to the Columbia Empowerment Zone for the great work you've done in North Columbia and across Columbia for years. The partnerships you've been able to develop with fantastic institutions like Wood Forest Bank, Community Bank, that has a truly national and global reach can't be understated. The ability to leverage a half million dollar investment in North Columbia and continue to serve as a great partner for small businesses in this incredibly transformational neighborhood is so important. Now we go from banks to barbecue. A ribbon-cutting ceremony was also recently held at Bone and Barbecue, which is the first restaurant in the Bull Street District. The litany of successes one by one that collectively working together we've been able to achieve right here in this beautiful historic Bull Street District. This is an important day for a number of different reasons. Not just another notch on successes but a homecoming, an accomplishment for one of our own. Where Steve Benjamin continues his books to boys and girls initiative and this time a kickoff was held at Greenview Park. He was joined by police chief Skip Holbrook. God has given you incredible gifts and your job, our job is to help you find those gifts. You may find them in books, you may find them in music, you may find them in sports, whatever that gift is. But once we help you find that gift, it's your job to do something with that gift, all right, to help change your lives, to help impact your families, to help impact this community that you live in, all right. The Columbia Arts Center is always an outlet for creativity and this year they partnered with the Refugee Task Force of Columbia, which yielded a program that offered an opportunity for children to participate in a kids camp, especially for refugees. We have partnered with the Refugee Task Force Lutheran Family Services Refugee Resettlement Program and the Carolina Survivor Plan and we're working with the refugee population. We have about 10 refugee children in here this week that the Refugee Task Force raised money for eight of them and then we had a private donor donate money for two others. And we've got children from the Congo, from the Karen population, they're from Myanmar and most of them had to flee to Thailand and then we've got some Vietnamese. We've gotten familiar with the Congolese children since April when they came to one of our World's Creativity Presentation and we fell in love with them.  They've had a rough story. The Congolese children at about the age these are now, the girls would have been taken and enforced to be brides for the army and the boys would have already been confiscated to be soldiers. So we've got them enjoying life in campus. And we've also got some of our American children in here so we're trying to encourage them to be friends. It's a positive experience for everything and we're very glad to be able to provide this opportunity for the children to interact with other American children. All these children are in school. Sometimes some of us need to step forward and let folks know they're wrong. We're doing our little small part in our little corner of the world to do that. Well that wraps up this edition of City View where we give you an inside view of the City of Columbia. Be sure to stay tuned to City TV for information regarding the City of Columbia and news and upcoming events. You can also follow us on our social media platforms and check out our website on a 24-hour basis at columbiasc.net. And remember we are Columbia.


What is the most remote inhabited island in the UK? Is it an island in the Outer Hebrides perhaps? Or even the tiny island known as Rockle to the west? Well this is remote but it is not inhabited. Also the UK and Ireland seem to have disputed claims over it. Perhaps it's an island in the Shetland archipelago then? Well you're getting warmer. It is a Shetland island but perhaps not where you thought. It's an island so remote that they even tell time differently there. This is because the island remained on the Julian calendar when the rest of the UK adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1752. As a result it is now one day ahead of the Julian calendar and 12 days behind the Gregorian calendar. Observing Christmas Day on the 6th of January and New years on the 13th of January. Tragedy has also struck this island over the centuries. In the 18th century a smallpox outbreak struck the island of around 200 people wiping out around 90% of the population. Although there are a few contenders the most remote inhabited island in the UK is generally considered to be fuller. It's said to lie on the edge of the world around 20 miles west of Shetland mainland. It's so remote that I can't even drop the wee guy on Google Maps to view it in more detail. Covering around five square miles it's named a rise from an old Norse word meaning bird island. Unsurprisingly given its location and the influence of Viking Norsemen on Shetland more broadly the Vikings conquered Fuller around 800 AD. Fuller was one of the last places to speak the now extinct Old Norran language. A North Germanic language spoken in the Northern Isles of Shetland and Orkney until the mid 19th century. A sub-circular stone feature was discovered in Fuller in 2006. Elliptical in shape with the axes pointing towards the mid winter solstice.  Today Fuller is home to around 35 islanders along with thousands of birds, hundreds of sheep, Shetland ponies and even its own subspecies of Field Mouse. The island is so remote that it's not connected to the national grid and has to run its own electricity system. There are also many great diving spots around Fuller with many shipwrecks surrounding the island. One is the RMS Oceanic owned by the famous White Star Line, makers of the Titanic, which ran aground close to the island at the start of World War I after being commissioned into the Royal Navy. Another remote island close to Fuller is Fair Island known in Norse as the Island of Tranquility but that may be a story for another time. Speaking of these islands, what is the genetic history of Britain? To find out, please click here. Thanks for watching. For ways to support, they will be in the description below. Please also let me know your thoughts in the comments below. Thanks again for watching and I'll see you next time.


Hi bear fans, I'm Peyton Marit, CalTV Sports, here with Nick Merisham, captain of the men's rugby team. How you doing today, Nick? I'm good, thank you, how are you? Good. So this game that's about to take place marks the beginning of the postseason. How are you feeling?  Single elimination means there's very little room for mistakes, but it's a challenge that we look forward to. So you guys are coming off a huge win last match against the number one team, St. Mary's College, how did that victory feel? I mean, it was great, unfortunately we lost to them last year, and we sort of carried ourselves with a chip on our shoulder ever since. But yeah, definitely getting the win in front of a home crowd was something very special, meant a lot to our seniors, and yeah, we'll probably play in the game, but we look forward to the challenge.  I mean, it's a real really sad emotional, but it's part of the game. I mean, I definitely miss it. It'll be something very difficult to walk away from, but it is what it is. Well, good luck, good luck with the rest of the postseason. Hopefully you guys bring home that championship title. And I'm Peyton Maher at CalTV Sports. Go Bears!


The 33rd annual Cobra Gold Exercise is going on through this Friday in Thailand. 13,000 members from the Navy, Air Force, Army and Marine Corps are working with nations across the Pacific. Cobra Gold 14 is designed to advance regional security and develop response plans to regional crises. This year marks the 181st year of the U.S. and Thai alliance, making Thailand the oldest U.S. ally in the Pacific. New footwear could be making its way to the fleet soon. The Tech Solutions Office at the Office of Naval Research is developing lighter composite tow boots for sailors across the fleet. O&R officials said the new boots will provide better protection and after hours of wear are still comfortable. Sailors are wear testing the boots, which is scheduled to finish in August. The Tech Solutions Office says you should see the new boots within 12 to 18 months. Read more about these stories at Navy.mil. My hands up, thanks for watching.


Laishmania species are the causative agents for leishmaniasis which is one of the neglected tropical diseases causing 70,000 deaths worldwide each year. Squalene synthase enzyme plays a vital role in sterile metabolism which is essential for parasite viability. The reported inhibitor showed the best binding affinity, minus 9.75 colchmoe, closely followed by ancystrotanzanine B and holemine. This article was authored by Padmika Wadanambi and Amonwele Frontoni.


All right, separate traders welcome on back and here with that allow me just a quick moment I forgot to even plug my freaking microphone in here should be good to go across the board though I think that all of us could hear me here Just give me a quick second to adjust my audio should Coming up in just a second looks like we're good across social media Go across the trading room great to see Andre Michael and all of us just joining us live right now included in social media So let's hop right to it here folks. I should should be good to go across the board It's been a bit of a wonky day across the market like the S&P But it's been a really interesting day from head to toe inside a live trading room You know, we just came off our traders talk workshop our weekly Q&A that we host every Tuesday morning So, you know, that's where we had a chance to break down a couple of the moves that we had from pre-market into the open You know, the COSM is one that's on the screen right now You know that actually ended up making a big pop as soon as we finished up that workshop So there's been a lot to trade a lot to talk about here. So, you know, let's actually go over the COSM while we're at it I'm actually still in this trade. It was really timely here So, you know, it's not always the case for the cookie crumbles as well as it did here But, you know, I ended up missing out on this initial run I had a private chat from one of our students Chris earlier And you know, I just you'd asked like hey, did you get it on the Cosm trade like no I didn't like I kind of came back to it a little late and ran up without me So, you know Chris killed it actually want to give him a big shout out He did really well on it from one of his levels. He set from from the other day And he got like nearly two bucks on this whole trade. So that was great from him Now I ended up seeing it pulled back and I really didn't have much business with this stock at all until until I'll pull up level four for this right now for all of some social media should be able to see this here a couple of huge iceberg orders that popped up for about 85 87,000 shares that joined the bid here. So as soon as the first one popped up I'm like, oh, okay. Wow, that's there for a reason You know as long as I jump in right near the iceberg here and set my stop like a penny or two under it It's actually pretty low risk. It's not my normal style of trade But when a stock already made such a big move up and it's trying to build support Or it's kind of meddling around here and out of nowhere not just one But actually two over time a pair of these huge iceberg orders popped up on the bid Generating that support even though they pulled their shares from the bid.  So I ended up taking two thirds my trade out I took the first third out of 616 the second third out of 644 and then the third had the third of the Shares they have you know, I'm still in right now for fun shares as I like to call it So, you know, we'll look to see if this can make the bigger squeeze up heading into the close Right now the fact that pulled back below 625.  It's number one may as well You know start from the top now, but be I af. Wow, this one ended up making a big push-up as well But you know, I thought I was gonna miss out on this trade I thought it was ready up too much by the time I turned over to it And there was no real pullback by the time I was looking for it So unlike the other one, you know, I didn't get that pullback really kind of just metal near the highs and now It's trying to push back up again But the real level on this trade that we ended up seeing a break above it was right off of two dollars and 30 cents Can't necessarily see it from my chart But you know book map book map showed a big volume level of just big volume filled from the morning Consolidation right from that 230 price. So just took a couple of more steps at it It held above it after and that's what led to the big move shortly from that point So, you know led to a nice re break above three topped off at four pretty much And as you can see now, it didn't really make that extensive drop-off like the Cosm trade did right Like there was a difference between those two and the kicker with the Cosm was the icebergs if anything, so You know, like I said, I didn't really have much business with that stock prior to those orders showing up now at the BIAF I mean, listen, I'm not a fan of the sideways trend here. I wish this was starting to make a stronger pop right now or did earlier You know, I'll put this on our main list more reluctantly than anything Still kind of near the highs still trading some good volume per minute So let's see if there's anything that's trending better right now, but we'll see what this could do it later on All right, so they're not all gonna work out the BXRX coming off of good news I think phase two clinical trial news this morning great pre-market push then by the time the market opened up shook around a little bit here Then from that point tailed back down. So probably Delete my lines here right now. No, probably delete all of my lines on the day But so be it yeah BXRX right now not really doing us too much So we're gonna pass on this trade you could probably say the same on the grom It's still teasing us here for a break over three a pop in a run 316 was the opening print. So if it does crack over three here then 316 would be your next big level, but You know, I'll write this down for the side list. I'll come back to it perhaps by the end It's just been a tease. I don't want to get caught watching this one. There's just better trades out there right now All right, so my dyslexia is getting in the way here. Let's keep moving at the OT RK had a nice pop once again this morning, but kind of fizzled out right there. So a pass PXMD familiar name kind of a former runner, you know, just making a nice little move up once again today CBA kind of near the highs right now. It almost looks like a buyout right now I doubt it is. I'm just saying but no, it's just pretty slow and That runs us right into TGTX. Wow, look at this really strong move right now breaking new High of the day right now on the web towards 1450 also breaking highs just over the last Week and a half two weeks. So, you know, it looks pretty clean to me here. I'll definitely add this to our watch list I don't have this for my book map just yet my level four So after we finish up this meeting, I'll have to pull up level four We'll paste the link in there for all of us inside the live trading room Little segue right there for all of a sudden social media Just make sure if you're interested in joining us for our live trading room Just join us by going right down to that a link on the green banner below the stream But we keep on TGTX looking pretty good here on the web towards 1450 All right, let's see what else we got here. My scanners keep refreshing on me here I don't see much else that looks like a familiar name. I got Bed Bath Beyond perhaps This IOVA I clicked on because it's not as much a familiar name It's like just kind of like a former runner from years past But it's actually making a nice little move back up right now as we're talking. It's got a good book trading about 16,000 shares per minute Kind of selling myself into this IOVA here so long as it doesn't just snap down right now You know, it actually doesn't look too bad All right. Yeah All right, so let's click on Bed Bath Beyond here, then we'll see what's on the loser side All right, we're gonna see what's on the loser side Not much to talk about here on Bed Bath Beyond as you could see SATX if you were able to get the shares jeez this thing fell off a cliff SAVA also had a big drop-off once again today. All right Let's see folks if there's anything else looking good familiar name name brand stock anything that looks like kind of stand out here You know really just on the on the loser side. You tend to find more stocks hard to borrow Stocks that aren't really trading a lot of volume across the given day So I'm kind of just glossing over a lot of these No, honestly, just if you're a new new attendee it might look lazy But it's just kind of quick brush through you could tell pretty quickly now a little running joke though I just I've been doing this afternoon meeting for Fausto and cyber trading for just about eight years Anytime I say literally the words I just said I'm gonna find something on the loser's list here coming up. So I always jinx myself if there's anything else looking good Just type it in the chat board. I just let me know here for Michael or Lita Andre Ray all the since that live trading room Or otherwise just for all of a sudden YouTube Andre cheering on the spy the SMP. Yep. I mean hey, it's still holding well I mean just gone nowhere since like 11 o'clock. So, you know, we know what the better time the trading day is You know side from the morning It's not just saying the afternoon it's saying from 3 p.m. 3 30 mainly heading into the closing bell So, you know, perhaps we'll get that bigger pop at that point All right, just checking Benzinga pro here for folks quickly You got SI and this is actually a good short if you're able to get the shares It's hard to borrow on trade station, but if you're on thinkorswim or I be your weeble or whatever I mean, hey, just double check and even on trade station I didn't check myself on this check see on trade station if you're able to get the shares to short it So that's a possibility as well. But SI Silvergate. It's been a familiar name of late So I'm actually just kind of checking it more from Benzinga and it's technically down enough on the loser's list here at some point here So there we go. I jinxed myself. There we go. There's our one, right? All right, so SI Bill saying spy first ETF celebrating 30 year anniversary this week. Oh, that's kind of interesting Yes, spy is a lot of history to it long while back. I looked back on the monthly chart. I didn't realize it was like from like Basically like the 90s and I think even like earlier than that bill if I'm not mistaken I had to go back even longer It says gns worth watching around 450. Let's take a look Nah, you don't want to follow this right now steady down off the highs Doesn't look too appealing right there All right, so folks we're going to call it for right now Hey for all of a sudden social media facebook lab or youtube once more if you're interested in joining our live trading room Just go right down to the link on the green banner below the stream If you have any questions for us here just prior to joining us or just otherwise just Feel free to shoot me a quick email It was like to post my email at the end of these streams at josh at c2 trading dot com is the handle But otherwise for Leda and grant andre ravina and all this just there live right now bill and nicolas included Rich will be on the mic taking you going into the close. I'll be here till four o'clock though I'm on coaching calls from three to 330 330 at 4 p.m. So Hey, hopefully catch a nice runner here folks teamwork makes the dream work So I look forward to chatting with you folks shortly. Take care


Hi. Happy Saturday. I am very happy and excited to come back to you with another Saturday story. Once upon a time, there was an Umbrellum Mender. He makes a living by repairing the Umbrellas. One day, he was going around the village offering his services and he got his work. So he sat down there and started working on the Umbrellum. He was taking unusual pains in repairing that Umbrellum. There was a lot of work involved in making those folds of the cloth, ensuring the cloth to those iron rods. He was really putting in a good amount of work there. Seeing him work so well and so committedly and taking so much of pain during that walk, a lady observing him asked him, Oh, you are doing a lot of work. How much you get paid for it? And he said, I would get paid some amount and it was not a big amount. So for that amount, why are you taking so much of pain? Anyway, you are not going to come back here in the near future. Yes, perhaps I would not be coming back here. But there will be someone else who will be following me. If I use a shoddy cloth and do a shabby work, people would not trust the other Umbrellum menders who would walk into this village. I don't want that to happen. I want the Umbrellum menders to be trusted and the work will be given to them. So I do my work the best I can. Look at him. That man wants to leave a good trail behind. He wants to leave a good trail behind. It's not the question of amount of money that he is getting paid. He is doing that work. He has got so much of commitment and so much of sincerity with which he is working. There is a respect for the profession he had. There is a respect for the fellow professionals he had. He doesn't want to do any inferior quality work. He wants to give his best so that fellow Umbrellum menders are respected, honored and trusted. So wherever you go, whatever you do, you put in your best efforts and you leave a trail behind. People should be talking good about you and the profession that you are. Thank you. Thank you for watching this video. If you have not subscribed to my YouTube channel yet, please do subscribe and press the bell icon there. I wish you success. Take good care of yourself. See you again next Saturday. Remember, you are awesome.


In this last division of my book I deal with the actual appearance of the survival state in certain laws and proposals now familiar to the industrial society of modern England. These are the patent objects, laws and projects of laws which lend stuff to my argument and show that it is based not upon a mere deduction, but upon an observation of things. Two forms of this proof are evident. First the laws and proposals which subject the proletariat to survival conditions. Next the fact that the capitalist so far from being expropriated by modern socialist experiments is being confirmed in his power. I take these in their order and I begin by asking in what statuettes or proposals the survival state first appeared among us. A false conception of our subject might lead one to find the origins of the survival state in the restrictions imposed upon certain forms of manufacture and the corresponding duties laid upon the capitalist in the interest of his workmen. The factory laws as they are in this country would seem to offer upon this superficial and erroneous view a starting point. They do nothing of the kind and the view is superficial and erroneous because it neglects the fundamentals of the case. What distinguishes the survival state is not the interference of law with the action of any citizen even in connection with industrial matters. Such interference may or may not indicate the presence of a survival status. It in no way indicates the presence of that status when it forbids a particular kind of human action to be undertaken by the citizen as a citizen. The legislature says for instance you may pluck roses but as I noticed you sometimes scratch yourself I will put you in prison unless you cut them with scissors at least 122 millimeters long and I will appoint 1000 inspectors to go around the country seeing whether the law is observed. My brother-in-law shall be at the head of the department at 2000 a year. We are all familiar with that type of legislation. We are all familiar with the arguments for and against it in any particular case. We may regard it as erroneous, futile or beneficent or in any other light according to our various temperaments but it does not fall within the category of survival legislation because it establishes no distinction between two classes of citizens marking off one as legally distinct from the other by a criterion of manual labor or of income. This is even true of such regulations as those which compel a cotton mill for instance to have no less than such and such an amount of cubic space for each operative and such and such protection for dangerous machinery. These laws do not concern themselves with the nature, the amount, or even the existence of a contract for service. The object for example of the law which compels one to fence off certain types of machinery is simply to protect human life regardless of whether the human being so protected is rich or poor, capitalist or proletarian. These laws may in effect work in our society so that the capitalist is made responsible for the proletarian but he is not responsible quid capitalist nor is the proletarian protected quid proletarian. In the same way the law may compel me if I am a riparian owner to put up a fence of statutory strength wherever the water of my river is of more than a statutory depth. Now it cannot compel me to do this unless I am the owner of the land. In a sense therefore this might be called the recognition of my status because by the nature of the case only landowners can be affected by the law and landowners would be compelled by it to safeguard the lives of all whether they were or were not owners of land. But the category so established would be purely accidental. The object and method of the law do not concern themselves with the distinction between citizens. A close observer might indeed discover certain points in the factory laws, details and phrases which did distinctly connotate the existence of a capitalist and of a proletarian class. But we must take the statutes as a whole and the order in which they were produced, above all, the general motive and expression governing each main statute in order to judge whether such examples of interference give us an origin or not. The verdict will be that they do not. Such legislation may be oppressive in any degree or necessary in any degree, but it does not establish status in the place of contract and it is not therefore servile. Neither are those laws servile, which in practice attach to the poor and not to the rich. Compulsory education is, in legal theory, required of every citizen for his children. The state of mind which goes with plutocracy exempts, of course, all above a certain standard of wealth from this law. But the law does apply to the universality of the Commonwealth and all families resident in Great Britain, not in Ireland, are subject to its provisions. These are not origins. A true origin to the legislation I approach comes later. The first example of servile legislation to be discovered upon the statute book is that which establishes the present form of employer's liability. I am far from saying that that law was passed as modern laws are beginning to be passed with the direct object of establishing a new status, though it was passed with some consciousness on the part of the legislator that such a new status was in existence as a social fact. His motive was merely humane, and the relief which he had afforded seemed merely necessary at the time. But it is an instructive example of the way in which a small neglect of strict doctrine and a slight toleration of anomaly admit great changes into the state. There had existed from all time in every community, and there was founded upon common sense the legal doctrine that if one citizen was so placed with regard to another by contract, that he must in the fulfillment of that contract perform certain services. And if those services accidentally involved damages to a third party, not the actual perpetrator of the damage, but he who designed the particular operation leading to it, was responsible. The point is subtle, but as I say fundamental, it involves no distinction of status between employer and employed. Citizen A offered Citizen B a sack of wheat down if Citizen B would plow for him a piece of land, which might or might not produce more than a sack of wheat. Of course, Citizen A expected it would produce more, and was awaiting a surplus value, or he would not have made the contract with Citizen B. But at any rate, Citizen B put his name to the agreement and as a free man capable of contracting, was correspondingly bound to fulfill it. In fulfilling this contract, the plow share B is driving, destroys a pipe, conveying water by agreement through A's land to C. C suffers damage, and to recover the equivalent of that damage, his action in justice and common sense can only be against A. For B was carrying out a plan and instruction of which A was the author. C is a third party who had nothing to do with such a contract and could not possibly have justice, saved by his chances of getting it from A, who was the true author of the unintentional laws inflicted, since he designed the course of the work. But when the damage is not done to C at all, but to B, who is concerned with the work, the risks of which are known and willingly undertaken, it is quite another matter. Citizen A contracts with Citizen B, that Citizen B, in consideration of a sack of wheat, shall plow a bit of land. Certain known risks much attached to that operation. Citizen B, if he is a free man, undertakes those risks with his eyes open. For instance, he may sprain his wrist in turning the plow, or one of the horses may kick him while he is having his bread and cheese. If upon such an accident A is compelled to pay damages to B, a difference of status is at once recognized. B undertook to do work which, by all theory of free contract, was with its risks and expense of energy. He equivalent in B's own eyes of a sack of wheat. Yet a law is passed to say that B can have more than that sack of wheat, if he is heard. There is no converse right of A against B. If the employer suffers by such an accident to the employee, he is not allowed to dock that sack of wheat, though it was regarded in the contract as the equivalent to a certain amount of labor to be performed, which, as a fact, has not been performed. A has no action, unless B has been culpably negligent or remiss. In other words, the mere fact that one man is working and another not is the fundamental consideration on which the law is built, and the law says you are not a free man making a free contract with all its consequences.  You are an employee, and that status gives you a special position which would not be recognized in the other party to the contract. The principle is pushed still further when an employer is made liable for an accident happening to one of his employees at the hands of another employee. A gives a sack of wheat to B and D, each, if they will dig a well for him. All three parties are cognizant of their risks and accept them in the contract. B, holding the rope on which D is lowered, lets it slip. If they were all three men of exactly equal status, obviously D's action would be against B. But they are not of equal status in England today. B and D are employees, and are therefore in a special and inferior position before the law compared with their employer, A. D's action is, by this novel principle, no longer against B, who accidentally injured him by a personal act, however involuntary, for which a free man would be responsible, but against A, who was innocent of the whole business. Now, in all this it is quite clear that A has peculiar duties, not because he is a citizen, but because he is something more, an employer. And B and D have special claims on A, not because they are citizens, but because they are something less, these employees. They can claim protection from A as inferiors of a superior in a state admitting such distinctions and patronage. It will occur at once to the reader that in our existing social state, the employee will be very grateful for such legislation. One workman cannot recover from another simply because the other will have no goods out of which to pay damages. Let the burden therefore fall upon the rich man. Excellent. But that is not the point. To argue thus is to say that survival legislation is necessary if we are to solve the problems raised by capitalism. It remains survival legislation nonetheless. It is legislation that would not exist in a society where property was well divided, and where a citizen could normally pay damages for the harm he had himself caused. This first trickle of the stream, however, though it is of considerable historical interest as a point of departure, is not a very definite moment to our subject compared with the great bulk of later proposals, some of which are already law, others upon the point of becoming law, and which definitely recognize the survival state, the reestablishment of status in the place of contract, and the universal division of citizens into two categories of employers and employed. These last merit a very different consideration, for they will represent to history the conscious and designed entry of survival institutions into the old Christian state. They are not origins, small indications of coming change which the historian will painfully discover as a curiosity. They are the admitted foundations of a new order, deliberately planned by a few, confusedly accepted by the many, as the basis upon which a novel and stable society shall arise to replace the unstable and passing phase of capitalism. If working men are concerned in the other professional classes, if I contract to ride for a publisher, a complete history of the county of Rutland, and the pursuit of the task, while examining some object of historical interest, fall down a pit, I should not be able to recover against the publisher, but if I dress in mean clothes and the same publisher deceived gives me a month's work at cleaning out his ornamental water, and I am wounded in that occupation by a fierce fish, he will be malted to my advantage, and that roundly. They fall roughly into three categories. One, measures by which the insecurity of the proletariat shall be relieved through the action of the employing class or of the proletariat itself acting under compulsion. Two, measures by which the employer shall be compelled to give not less than a certain minimum for any labor he may purchase. And three, measures which compel a man lacking the means of production to labor, though he may have made no contract to that effect. The last two, as will be seen in a moment, are the complementary one of another. As to the first, measures to palliate the insecurity of the proletariat, we have this, an example in actual law at the moment, and that law is the Insurance Act, whose political source and motive I am not here discussing. It follows in every particular the lines of a survival state. Its fundamental criterion is employment. In other words, I am compelled to enter a scheme providing me against the mischances of illness and unemployment, not because I am a citizen, but only if I am exchanging services for goods, and either obtaining less than a certain amount of goods for those services, or a vulgar fellow working with his hands. The law carefully excludes from its provisions those forms of labor to which the educated, and therefore powerful classes, a resubject and further excludes from the compulsion of the masses of those who are the moment earning enough to make them a class to be reckoned with as economically free. I may be a writer of books who, should he fall ill, will leave in the greatest distress the family which he supports. If the legislator were concerned for the morals of citizens, I should most undoubtedly come under this law under the form of a compulsory insurance added to my income tax. But the legislator is not concerned with people of my sort. He is concerned with a new status which he recognizes in the state, to it the proletariat. He envisions the proletariat not quite accurately as men either poor or, if they are not poor, at any rate vulgar people working with their hands, and he legislates accordingly. Still more striking as an example of status, taking the place of contract, is the fact that this law puts the duty of controlling the proletariat, and of seeing that the law is obeyed, not upon the proletariat itself, but upon the capitalist class. Now this point is of an importance that cannot be exaggerated. The future historian, whatever his interest in the first indications of that profound revolution through which we are so rapidly passing, will most certainly fix upon that one point as the cardinal landmark of our times. The legislator, surveying the capitalist state, proposes as a remedy for certain of its evil, the establishment of two categories in the state, compels the lower man to registration, to a tax, and the rest of it, and further compels the upper man to be the instrument in enforcing that registration and in collecting that tax. No one acquainted with the way in which any one of the great changes of the past has taken place. The substitution of tenure for the Roman proprietary right in land, or the substitution of the medieval peasant for the serf at the Dark Ages, can possibly misunderstand the significance of such a turning point in our history. Whether it will be completed or whether a reaction will destroy it is another matter. It's mere proposal is one of the greatest possible moment in the inquiry we are here pursuing. Of the next two groups, the fixing of a minimum wage and the compulsion to labor, which as I have said and will shortly show are complementary one to the other, neither has yet appeared in actual legislation, but both are planned, both thought out, both possessed of powerful advocates, and both upon the threshold of positive law. The fixing of a minimum wage with a definite sum fixed by statuette has not yet entered our laws. But the first step towards such a consummation has been taken in the shape of giving legal sanction to some hypothetical minimum wage, which shall be arrived at after discussion within a particular trade. That trade is, of course, the mining industry. The law does not say no capitalist shall pay a miner less than so many shillings for so many hours' work, but it does say, figures having been arrived at by local boards, any miner working within the area of each board can claim by force of law the minimum sum established by such boards. It is evident that from this step to the next step, which shall define some sliding scale of renumeration for labor, according to prices and the profits of capital, is an easy and natural transition. It would give both parties what each immediately requires. To capital a guarantee against disturbance, to labor sufficiency and security. The whole thing is an excellent object lesson in little of that general movement from free contract to status, and from the capitalist to survival state, which is the tide of our time. The neglect of older principles, as abstract and doctrinaire and immediate need of both parties immediately satisfied. The unforeseen but necessary consequence of satisfying such needs in such a fashion as these, which are apparent in the settlement the mining industry has begun, are the typical forces producing the survival state. The proletarian accepts a position in which he produces for the capitalist a certain total of economic value, and retains out of that total a portion only, leaving to the capitalist all surplus value. The capitalist on his side is guaranteed in the secure and permanent expectation of that surplus value, through all the perils of social envy. The proletarian is guaranteed in a sufficiency and a security for that sufficiency. But by the very action of such a guaranteeing, there is withdrawn from him the power to refuse his labor, and thus to aim at putting himself in possession of the means of production. Such schemes definitely divide citizens into two classes, the capitalist and the proletarian. They may get impossible for the second to combat the privileged position of the first. They introduce into the positive laws of the community a recognition of social facts which already divide Englishmen into two groups of economically more free and economically less free, and they stamp with the authority of the state a new constitution of society. Society is recognized as no longer consisting of free men bargaining freely for their labor or any other commodity in their possession, but of two contrasting status, owners and non-owners. The first must not be allowed to leave the second without subsistence, the second must not be allowed to obtain that grip upon the means of production, which is the privilege of the first. It is true that this first experiment is small in degree and tentative in quality, but to judge the movement as a general whole we must not only consider the expression it has actually received so far in positive law, but the mood of our time. When this first experiment in a minimum wage was being debated in Parliament, what was the great issue of debate? Upon what did those who were the most ardent reformers particularly insist? Not that the miners should have an avenue open to them for obtaining possession of the mines, not even that the state should have an avenue open to it for obtaining possession, but that the minimum wage should be fixed at a certain satisfactory level. That, as our recent experience testifies for all of us, was the crux of the quarrel, and that such a point should be the crux, not the socialism of the mines nor the admission of the proletariat to the means of production, but only a sufficiency and a security of wage, is amply significant of the perhaps irresistible forces which are making in the direction for which I argue in this book. There was here no attempt to the capitalists to impose survival conditions nor of the proletarian to resist them. Both parties were agreed upon that fundamental change. The discussion turned upon the minimum limit of subsistence to be securely provided, a point which left aside, because it took for granted, the establishment of some minimum in any case. Next, let it be noted, for it is a moment to a latter part of my argument, that experiments of this sort promise to extend piecemeal. There is no likelihood, judging by men's actions and speech, of some grand general scheme for the establishment of a minimum wage throughout the community. Such a scheme would of course be as truly an establishment of the survival state as piecemeal schemes. But as we shall see in a moment, the extension of the principal piecemeal has a considerable effect upon the forms which compulsion may take. The miners, refusal to work with the exaggerated panic it caused, bred this first tentative appearance of the minimum wage in our laws. Normally, capital prefers free labor with its margin of destitution, for such an anarchy, ephemeral though it is of its nature, while it last provides cheap labor. From the narrowest point of view, it provides in the still competitive areas of capitalism a better chance for profits. But as one group of workmen after another, concerned with trades, immediately necessary to the life of the nation, and therefore tolerating but little interruption, learn the power which combination gives them, it is inevitable that the legislator, concentrated as he is upon momentary remedies for difficulties as they arise, should propose for one such trade after another the remedy of a minimum wage. There can be little doubt that, trade by trade, the principal will extend. For instance, the two and a half millions now guaranteed against unemployment are guaranteed against it for a certain weekly sum. That weekly sum must bear some relation to their estimated earnings when they are in employment. It is a short step from the calculation of unemployment benefit. It is being fixed by a statute at a certain level, and that level determined by something which is regarded as the just renumeration of labor in that trade. It is a short step, I say, from that to a statutory fixing of the sums paid during employment. The state says to the surf, I saw to it that you should have so much when you are unemployed. I find that in some rare cases my arrangement leads to you getting more when you are unemployed than when you are employed. I further find that in many cases, though you get more when you are employed, yet the difference is not sufficient to tempt the lazy man to work, or to make him take any particular trouble to get work. I am a see to this. The provision of a fixed schedule during unemployment thus inevitably leads to the examination, the defining, and at last the imposition of a minimum wage during employment, and every compulsory provision for unemployment benefits is the seed of a minimum wage. Of still greater effect is the mere presence of state regulation in such a matter. The fact that the state has begun to gather statistics of wages over these large areas of industry, and to do so not form a statistical object, but a practical one, and the fact that the state has begun to immix the action of positive law and the constraint with the older system of free bargaining, means that the whole weight of its influence is now in favor of regulation. It is no rash prophecy to assert that in the near future our industrial society will see a gradually extending area of industry, in which from two sides the fixing of wages by statute shall appear. From one side it will come in the form of the state examining the conditions of labor in connection with its own scheme for establishing sufficiency and security by insurance. From the other side it will come through the reasonable proposals to make contracts between groups of labor and groups of capital enforceable in the course. So much then for the principle of minimum wage. It has already appeared in our laws, it is certain to spread, but how does the presence of this introduction of a minimum form part of the advance towards a survival state? I have said that the principle of a minimum wage involves as its converse the principle of compulsory labor. Indeed, most of the importance which the principle of a minimum wage has for this inquiry lies in that converse necessity of compulsory labor which it involves. But as the connection between the two may not be clear at first sight, we must do more than take it for granted. We must establish it by a process of reason. There are two distinct forms in which the whole policy of enforcing security and sufficiency by law for the proletariat produces a corresponding policy of compulsory labor. The first of these forms is the compulsion which the courts will exercise upon either of the parties concerned in the giving and the receiving of the minimum wage. The second form is the necessity under which society will find itself when, once the principle of the minimum wage is conceded, coupled with the principles of sufficiency and security, to maintain those whom the minimum wage excludes from the area of normal employment. The end of Section 16 As to the first form, a proletarian group has struck a bargain with a group of capitalists to the effect that it will produce for that capital ten measures of value in a year. We'll be content to receive six measures of value for itself, and we'll leave four measures as surplus value for the capitalists. The bargain is ratified. The courts have the power to enforce it. If the capitalists, by some trick of fines or by bluntly breaking their word, pay out in wages less than the six measures. The courts must have some power of constraining them. In other words, there must be some sanction to the action of the laws, there must be some power of punishment, and through punishment of compulsion. Conversely, if the men having struck this bargain go back upon their word, if individuals among them or sections among them cease work with a new demand for seven measures instead of six, the courts must have the power of constraining and of punishing them. Where the bargain is ephemeral, or at any rate extended over only reasonable limits of time, it would be straining language, perhaps, to say that each individual case of constraint exercised against the workmen, would be a case of compulsory labor. But extend the system over a long period of years, make it normal to industry, and accept it as a habit in men's daily conception of the way in which their lives should be conducted, and the method is necessarily transformed into a system of compulsory labor. In trades where wages fluctuate little, this will obviously be the case. You, the agricultural laborers of this district, have taken fifteen shillings a week for a very long time. It has worked perfectly well. There seems no reason why you should have more. Nay, you put your hands to it through your officials in the years so and so that you regarded the sum as sufficient. Such and such of your members are now refusing to perform what this court regards as a contract. They must return within the limits of that contract or suffer the consequences. Remember what power analogy exercises over men's mind, and how when systems of the sword are common to many trades, they will tend to create a general point of view for all trades. Remember also how comparatively slight a threat is already sufficient to control men in our industrial society. The proletarian mass of which is accustomed to live from week to week under peril of discharge, and has grown readily amenable to the threat of any reduction in those wages upon which it can but just subsist. Nor are the courts enforcing such contracts, or quasi-contracts, as they will come to be regarded. The only inducement. A man has been compelled by law to put aside sums from his wages as insurance against unemployment, but he is no longer the judge of how such sums shall be used. They are not in his possession. They are not even in the hands of some society which he can really control. They are in the hands of a government official. Here is work offered you at twenty-five shillings a week. If you do not take it, you certainly shall not have a right to the money you have been compelled to put aside. If you will take it, the sum shall still stand to your credit, and when next in my judgment your unemployment is not due to your recalcitrance and refusal to labor, I will permit you to have some of your money, not otherwise. Dovetailing in with this machinery of compulsion is all that mass of registration and docketing which is accumulating through the use of labor exchanges. Not only will the official have the power to enforce special contracts, or the power to coerce individual men to labor under the threat of a fine, but he will also have a series of dossiers by which the record of each workman can be established. No man, once so registered and known, can escape, and of the nature of the system, the numbers caught in the net must steadily increase until the whole mass of labor is mapped out and controlled. These are very powerful instruments of compulsion indeed. They already exist. They are already a part of our laws. Lastly there is the obvious bludgeon of compulsory arbitration, a bludgeon so obvious that it is revolting even to our proletariat. Indeed I know of no civilized European state which has succumbed to so gross a suggestion, for it is a frank admission of servitude at one step and for good and all, such as men in our culture are not yet prepared to swallow. So much then for the first argument and the first form, in which compulsory labor is seen to be a direct and necessary consequence of establishing a minimum wage and of scheduling employment to a scale. The second is equally clear. In the production of wheat, the healthy and skilled man who can produce ten measures of wheat is compelled to work for six measures, and the capitalist is compelled to remain content with four measures for his share. The law will punish him if he tries to get out of his legal obligation and to pay his workmen less than six measures of wheat during the year. What of the man who is not sufficiently strong or skilled to produce even six measures? Will the capitalist be constrained to pay him more than the values he can produce? Most certainly not. The whole structure of production, as it was erected during the capitalist phase of our industry, has been left intact by the new laws and customs. Profit is still left a necessity. If it were destroyed, still more, if a loss were imposed by law, that would be a contradiction of the whole spirit in which all these reforms are being undertaken. They are being undertaken with the object of establishing stability where there is now instability, and of reconciling, as the ironic phrase goes, the interests of capital and labor. It would be impossible, without a general ruin, to compel capital to lose upon the man who is not worth even the minimum wage. How shall that element of insecurity and instability be eliminated? To support the man gratuitously because he cannot earn a minimum wage, when all the rest of the common wealth is working for its guaranteed wages, is to put a premium upon incapacity and sloth. The man must be made to work. He must be taught, if possible, to produce those economic values which are regarded as the minimum of sufficiency. He must be kept at that work, even if he cannot produce the minimum, lest his presence as a free laborer should imperil the whole scheme of the minimum wage, and introduce at the same time a continuous element of instability. Hence he is necessarily a subject for forced labor. We have not yet in this country established by force of law the right to this form of compulsion, but it is an inevitable consequence of those other reforms which have just been reviewed. The labor colony, a prison so-called because euphemism is necessary to every transition, will be erected to absorb this surplus, and that last form of compulsion will crown the edifice of these reforms. They will then be complete so far as the subject classes are concerned, and even though this particular institution of the labor colony, logically the last of all, preceding time, other forms of compulsion, it will make the advent of those other forms of compulsion more certain, facile, and rapid. There remains one last remark to be made upon the concrete side of my subject. I have in this last section illustrated the tendency toward the survival state from actual laws and actual projects which are all today familiar in English industrial society, and I have shown how these are certainly establishing the proletariat in a novel but to them satisfactory survival status. It remains to point out in a very few lines the complementary truth that what should be the very essence of collectivist reform to wit, the translation of the means of production from the hands of private owners to the hands of public officials, is nowhere being attempted. So far from its being attempted, all so-called socialistic experiments in municipalization and nationalization are merely increasing the dependence of the community upon the capitalist class. To prove this we need only observe that every single one of these experiments is affected by a loan. Now what is meant in economic reality by these municipal loans and national loans raised for the purpose of purchasing certain small sections of the means of production? Certain capitalists own a number of rail cars, etc. They put to work upon these certain proletarians, and the result is a certain total of economic values. Let the surplus values obtainable by the capitalist, after the subsistence of the proletarians is provided for, amount to ten thousand a year. We all know how a system of this sort is municipalized. A loan is raised, it bears interest, it is saddled with a sinking fund. Now this loan is not really made in money, though the terms of it are in money. It is, at the end of a long string of exchanges, nothing more nor less than the loans of the cars, the rails, etc., by the capitalists to the municipality, and the capitalists require before they will strike the bargain, a guarantee that the whole of their old profit shall be paid to them. Together, with a further yearly sum, which after a certain number of years, shall represent the original value of the concern when they handed it over. These last additional sums are called the sinking fund. The continued payment of the old surplus values is called the interest. In theory, certain small sections of the means of production might be acquired in this way. That particular section would have been socialized. The sinking fund, that is the paying of the capitalists for their plant by installments, might be met out of the general taxation imposed on the community, considering how large that is compared with any one experiment of the kind. The interest made by good management be met out of the true profits of the tramways. At the end of a certain number of years, the community will be in possession of the tramways, will no longer be exploited in this particular bicapitalism, will have bought out capitalism from the general taxes, and insofar as the purchase money paid has been consumed and not saved or invested by the capitalists, a small measure of socialization will have been achieved. As a fact, things are never so favorable. In practice, three conditions militate against even these tiny experiments in expropriation. The fact that the implements are always sold at much more than their true value, the fact that the purchase includes non-productive things, and the fact that the rate of borrowing is much faster than the rate of repayment. These three adverse conditions lead in practice to nothing but the riveting of capitalism more securely around the body of the state. For what is it that is paid for when a tramway, for instance, is taken over? Is it the true capital alone, the actual plant, which is paid for, even at an exaggerated price, far from it? Over and above the rails and the cars, there are all the commissions that have been made, all the champagne luncheons, all the lawyer's fees, all the compensations to this man and to that man, all the bribes. Nor does this exhaust the argument. Tramways represent a productive investment. What about pleasure gardens, wash houses, baths, libraries, monuments, and the rest. The greater part of these things are the product of loans.  To this must be added the fact that a considerable proportion of the purchases are failures, purchases of things just before they are driven out by some new invention. While on the top of the whole business you have the fact that the borrowing goes on at a far greater rate than the repayment. In a word, all these experiments up and down Europe during our generation, municipal and national, have resulted in an indebtedness to capital increasing, rather more than twice, but not three times as fast as the rate of repayment. The interest which the capital demands with a complete indifference as to whether the loan is productive or nonproductive amounts to rather more than 10% excessive over the produce of the various experiments, even though we count in the most lucrative and successful of these, such as the state railways of many countries and thoroughly successful municipal enterprises of many modern towns. Capitalism has seen to it that it shall be a winner and not a loser by this form of sham socialism as by every other, and the same forces which in practice forbid confiscation see to it that the attempt to mass confiscation by purchase shall not only fail, but shall turn against those who have not had the courage to make a frontal attack upon privilege. With these concrete examples showing how collectivism in attempting its practice does but confirm the capitalist position and showing how our laws have already begun to impose a survival status upon the proletariat, I end the argumentative thesis of this book. I believe I have proved my case. The future of industrial society, and in particular of English society, left to its own direction, is a future in which subsistence and security shall be guaranteed for the proletariat, but shall be guaranteed at the expense of the old political freedom and by the establishment of that proletariat in a status really, though not nominally, survival. At the same time the owners will be guaranteed in their profits the whole machinery of production in the smoothness of its working, and that stability which has been lost under the capitalist phase of society will be found once more. The internal strains which have threatened society during its capitalist phase will be relaxed and eliminated, and the community will settle down upon the survival basis, which was its foundation before the advent of the Christian faith, from which that faith slowly weaned it, and to which, in the decay of that faith, it naturally returns. It is possible to portray a great social movement of the past with accuracy and in detail, if one can spare to the task the time necessary for research, and further bring to it a certain power of coordination by which a great mass of detail can be integrated and made one whole. Such a task is rarely accomplished, but it does not exceed the powers of history. With regard to the future it is otherwise. No one can say, even in its largest aspect or upon its chief structural line, what the future will be. He can only present the main tendencies of his time. He can only determine the equation of the curve and presume that the equation will apply more or less to its next developments. So far as I can judge, those societies which broke with the continuity of Christian civilization in the sixteenth century, which means roughly North Germany and Great Britain, tend to add present to the reestablishment of a survival status. It will be diversified by a local accident modified by a local character, hidden under many forms, but it will come. That the mere capitalist anarchy cannot endure is patent to all men. That only a very few possible solutions to it exist should be equally patent to all. For my part, as I have said in these pages, I do not believe there are more than two, a reaction toward well-divided property or the reestablishment of servitude. I cannot believe that theoretical collectivism, now so plainly failing, will ever inform a real and living society. But my conviction that the reestablishment of the survival status in the industrial society is actually upon us does not lead me to any meager and mechanical prophecy of what the future of Europe shall be. The force of which I have been speaking is not the only force in the field. There is a complex not of forces underlying any nation once Christian, a smoldering of the old fires. Moreover, one can point to European societies which will most certainly reject any such solution of our capitalist problem, just as the same societies have either rejected or live suspicious of capitalism itself, and have rejected or live suspicious of that industrial organization which till lately identified itself with progress and national well-being. These societies are in the main the same as those which in that great storm of the 16th century, the capital episode in the story of Christendom, held fast to tradition, and saved the continuity of morals. Chief among them should be noted today, the French and the Irish. I would record it as an impression and no more, that the survival state, strong as the tide is making for it in Prussia and in England today, will be modified, checked perhaps, defeated and more, certainly halted in its attempt to establish itself completely by the strong reaction which these freer societies upon its flank will perpetually exercise. Ireland has decided for a free peasantry, and our generation has seen the solid foundation of that institution laid. In France, the many experiments which elsewhere have successfully introduced the survival state have been contemptuously rejected by the populace, and, most significant, a recent attempt to register and to ensure the artisans as a separate category of citizens has broken down in the face of a universal and virile contempt. That this second factor in the development of the future, the presence of free societies, will destroy the tendency to the survival state elsewhere, I do not affirm, but I believe that it will modify that tendency, certainly by example and perhaps by direct attack, and as I am upon the whole hopeful that the faith will recover its intimate and guiding place in the heart of Europe, so I believe that this sinking back into our original paganism, for the tendency to the survival state, is nothing less, will in due time be halted and reversed.