Welcome everyone, and thank you for joining me today for my first talk ever here at the conference. Thank you very much. Few people couldn't be here today, which are my parents. So let me say hi to them, to Livestream, because they are watching.  So they are proud, so I'm doing a good job. So, who am I? My name is Andrea Fickova, and I work as an Agile Practitioner at Red Hat. And in Agile, I have about two years of experience, before I gained two years of experience in development. And just a few months ago, I finished my master's degree study on Master's University, also here in Burdenau. Yay! And as you noticed, I migrated from this faculty to another one. That's what people usually do in their study here. I work as an Agile Practitioner with hybrid, but also with remote teams. For clarification, hybrid team is a team where part of the team members are co-located at least in one city, but another part works spread it around the world. And today, I want to show you how I engage these people, so they make close relationships, because in working environment which is spread it, it's not that easy. However, it brings a lot of advantages we already well know, right? So, for employer, he can get various people with a lot of expertise and talent from all around the globe. But for employee, it means that you can get more opportunities and much more flexibility. And when you are not seeing each other, it brings also disadvantages. First one is lack of trust. It is important because when you want to say you made a mistake at work, it's okay to say, hey Fernando, I made a mistake, can you help me? Thank you, I knew that because he is a good guy. If I wouldn't have trust in Fernando, I wouldn't ask him for help, and then I wouldn't be able to solve my issue. Feeling of loneliness. Maybe some people of you are working with your teams in office, but some of you can be too far away from others, working from home really lonely, and that it's not also psychologically safe, and I believe you want to keep your teammates happy. And overall, there might happen in effective communication because when you are meeting each other face-to-face, you are able to break boundaries much easier. There are also cultural differences, and then you know how to speak with each other. With face-to-face team, or team we just collocated and they are meeting each other on daily basis in the office, it's easier because they can go together for coffee, grab lunch together, or play some game that is available in the office, for example, billiard or maybe VR. So what is the solution to connect these people when they are not working together? You can bring these activities to online environment. And ideas for that are to schedule virtual coffees, to schedule virtual team building slash fun activities, to do office day, which is unfortunately only for hybrid teams I was mentioning, and you can engage your team asynchronously. Virtual coffee is event with which you want to simulate situation when you ask your colleague to grab a coffee with you. At this meeting you can chitchat completely about anything you want, but you can also help yourself and set the topic here. You can do this by asking a question, for example, what was the most ridiculous conspiracy theory you ever heard? Or you can do picture sharing with some particular topic, for example, your picture from teenage, your picture as you were a baby, or anything else. Believe me, when you do this on a meeting you will have a lot of topic to talk about and you can spend one whole hour at least talking about anything. Much more things you can do when you are doing fun activities. You can do quizzes, you can do quick online games, or other online games I would like to introduce you at least briefly. Quizzes. Who does not like them, right? First idea, oh no, quizzes. So, in general, you need a facilitator. Unfortunately, that person won't be an active player, but still can have a lot of fun. And there you might create a lot of rules, like taking care of ranking system, you can get plus point or plus 100 point, whatever you like. You can play these games in teams, so within your team you can create two or three small teams, or you can play it on individual, individually. And don't forget to keep the time for questions. You don't want your fellas to think about one question for 10 minutes, right? First idea of quiz is quiz about teammates. For this quiz you need to collect data about your teammates. I used for that Google Forms and there I asked various questions like what's your favorite sport, what was your first job, what's your hobby, and I also leave their space for letting them write any random facts they would like to share about themselves. Then I prepared questions with another option, so I had to made up option B or C. After that I noticed that some questions are really frequently answered, so I created categories so we had much more fun. But before we really died into game, I let my fellas to review and approve their questions about them so they feel safe of what they are sharing and they helped me to make quiz more tricky, which is what you really want. So for game intro I showed rules. Then I created table with names and categories and score table because we need a winner, right? And the game looked like this. I chose Engist for a job for 200 points. Then it got you to another slide. It was made in Google Slides and then you could see the question. And I wanted my team to have TV show experience, so I made a lot of transitions and all the options were like flying from left side, like A, junior QE, B, makeup artist, or C, graphic designer. My lessons learned after this were that at first I could do, I could have done categories and then figure out questions, but I got idea of categories too late. Another idea is to do, not quiz about your teammates, but some general overview quiz or pub quiz. For this you can choose random questions from various categories like sports, music, history, and I can advise you to take a look on Mentimeter.com, but GPT will help you as well. And for example it can be question like Queen Gither is the brand May is an also expert in what science it filled. Who would like to answer? Yeah, Nico? Correct. It's Astrophysics. Good job. Then you can do quiz about guessing the place. So you need to collect pictures or various places. Don't make it too random, so if you live in small village and you will take a picture of random street, it won't work. But if you also take a picture of Eiffel Tower, everyone knows that it's in Paris, correct? So you don't want to make it too easy. And another question. What is there in the right corner? What's the place there? Who would like to guess? Italy. Italy? Great! I don't know, I will take a look later. To do these activities you need a lot of time. Especially quiz about teammates were super time consuming, but I don't regret any second or minute doing that. And my friends, yeah, my teammates are my friends. They had a lot of fun, they were engaged, and making them happy is just everything for me. But if you don't want to spend that much time doing these quizzes, you can play quick online games. Examples are Scrable IO or Gothic Phone. It's more maybe for artists, because you have to draw with mouse there. Scrable IO is really simple. One of your teammates gets three options and chooses one word which they will draw there. And on the right side from the picture, there is a chat where you can write your guess. And when you write it, when it's correct, you get points and the game ends whether when everyone guesses correct answer or until your time runs out. And another, and my very favorite, which I'm too biased for that I guess, is Gothic Phone.  For example, geography on the moon is placing you as a flag. It can be also something else, an elephant eating a burger. You have five sentences like this and they are reshuffled among your team members. So you can get driving like this. Then you have five drawings that are reshuffled again to another people and they are guessing again. So in this case, they kind of got it that elephant is eating a burger. And it repeats so then you are driving again what you see. And the last person writes what it is. Gothic Phone is a great game. There are multiple playing modes. You can play with time. You can make it faster. Making it faster is even more fun and also engaging. Other activities I can recommend to you are online games we all know like CSGO or Among Us. They are whether for free or they are very cheap. And then two other possibilities. For this, you don't need any online tool-only Google Meet or any other video conference you are using with your fellas. And the first fun game is about taking picture of inside of your fridge and shoving it to others. There is no facilitator who collects those pictures and shows to everyone. Do it spontaneously. You don't want people to cheat and put their all healthy stuff. And endless possibilities. Everyone of you in your team will show one random thing from your household. For example this. Does anyone know who is this? I heard makeup there. It's eyeshadow palette I use for myself. Wait. All right. Office day. As I mentioned at the beginning it's for hybrid team. So when you have few members who are working let's say from Berna but they are not visiting office they are working in home you can schedule one day let's say one day in a week when all of you will meet and you can do activities like coffees etc and you can combine it with activities like garlic phone and when you have team members who are from other part of the world you can connect with them. I believe everyone of us has equipment in the offices for that. For asynchronous engagement you don't need much again just some text communication channel and I believe everyone has that because you just need to type with your fellas and there you can do for example some thread in our team we have a Monday thread and in this thread we are sharing random personal pictures for example from our weekend and we are sharing there what we done or even it can be picture like from last Wednesday right and then you can know something more about your friends. Then you can ask a question if you remember as I was talking about virtual coffee and setting the topic you can do the same there as well so you can ask here again question about most ridiculous conspiracy theory and let people to write it and for all of this I mentioned before you can use chit chat channel where you will talk about non work related topics share memes if you find some super article if you want to show it to everyone you can it has however one disadvantage and it's spontaneity what does it mean when I'm in the office and I come to my friend Heirka do you wanna go for a coffee with me? thanks let's go so it's not scheduled it's really in random time in random day and that is missing because you have kind of schedule everything doing it online but it has still multiple benefits because your team is bonded communication gets better problem solving gets better overall cooperation when boundaries are broken it's better and best practices I would like to share is if you are let's say manager be sure that you have time capacity for these activities don't overload your team too much and have at least one hour in a week to do at least virtual coffee be careful about time zones so don't schedule virtual coffee for 10 a.m. Central European time because you don't want your teammates to wake up at 4 in USA but you can ask them if they want it if of course they ask your team what they want and let them vote for that in my case I did again Google Form and I asked if they want virtual coffee virtual team building, office day etc etc I asked for date and I asked for time and I scheduled the most perfect time for them you can find organizer it can be you or it can be other volunteer specifically for fun activities each time it can be someone else from your team we'll see we'll create activity then Kasha will create activity etc etc you can do fun activities when you are having virtual coffee it can save you time so sometimes during virtual coffee we are asking questions, sharing pictures or we are playing a graphic phone and last but not least don't make it mandatory this is opportunity for your team to become closer and you don't want to force them also someone can be more introverted and does not like talking too much with people and interact that much and it's okay so pick up at least one activity showed you try it you can make changes after some feedback you get from your team and try it again until your team is perfectly happy and now tell me are you doing anything from this already with your team or what are you taking with yourself from today I already do Kasha yeah very nice that's really nice idea someone else wants to share no one great thank you for sharing most difficult part it happens you need to train hard you lost fun right but is it a problem talk about work we talk about work all the time we don't because we are out of the team we can't stand out we can't specifically someone else would like to share yeah in the club we used to have tea which is known as chai we have an event similar like along with that on a monthly basis we also celebrate our team virtually we send them a cake along with some personalized message and some good projects people really feel connected and they great thank you yeah I can share a couple of things one of those is we have our company provide the budget for a team gathering I think it works because my company is located within one country in different areas you can do monthly meetups or quarterly meetups a couple of days ago we had a one day meetup where we rented a house and such kind of things also when it comes to this chatting and stuff it kind of is a continuous thing but a team that kind of works best for the team I've been teamed without FKB is basically having some sort of feedback sessions like the direct feedback sessions where you kind of amputate like anything except the direct feedback that way you prevent people from kind of wondering what the other people thinks about them because a lot of insecurities comes from that as Pauli said you're afraid to fail it's normal because you can always say someone okay you did this maybe we can try to help I believe that kind of encouraging direct feedback and regular feedback basically works more than anything because on that level you're aiming straight to the point where people feel most insecure with your health and growth thank you for sharing that's a good idea and now do you have questions for me? Fernando? I realize the part where you're saying that it's not mandatory so how do you deal with people that are introvert shy and not comfortable for example participating in some specific fun activities how can you include them in something and make sure that they also feel part of the team so far I haven't met with this case because even introverts at least arrived virtual coffee but yeah if you're a manager, scrum master or at least team member you can kindly ask and let him maybe just connect hide your camera, mute your microphone and just watch people and just feel the part of the team you don't have to interact much as much as you are comfortable he had those sorry he had a team member like this he didn't want to join and I asked him like he didn't want to join because he had a right to talk in front of people and he didn't want to participate and he said yes I just want to listen but I don't want to participate and then we did what exactly was done he said okay you can be with your camera or just in the listeners mode and after three months he started to participate and he turned his camera on thank you for sharing Robert that's great so this whole team don't shake because a few months ago I tried to ask team whether you want some team building activity because our team situated in Czech Republic how can we do it and we can meet but nobody say nothing what to do in this case how to shake to make more energy to team not only for job here and social maybe just try directly to send them some voting tool where you will select let's say dates in like two weeks and let's just really ask them to pick something and I believe when they pick something and you will really schedule I believe they would like to arrive the company will pay for dinner I believe they will arrive but those are also difficult questions for me so I can only guess what to do but you can of course here is my contact but we know each other from where you can write me anytime and let me know how it goes and I will be really happy to help you we'll see what you can do and make it from I don't know voting even introverts would find themselves hanging out with us you can be crazy or something and people would choose it's like with children broccoli or chicken or at least eat something or to something else thank you as well some other questions it's a basic question but I think sometimes we need to consider that some people really don't like anything around them so we can become too pushy for them and that will create a totally different side effect so it's kind of like when you have someone who is like really with you introverts those people often have one person in the team and they actually talk we can share something you can approach that person to actually be a person of trust that can give you an insight like this now I think you are trying too hard or maybe you should just leave him big and stuff like that and you would benefit more from doing that than pushing the words being together and so on thank you for sharing this really great advice any other question? I have a question about offline activities because I'm different my team is 9 hours and when we meet we usually discuss more we have very big time so do you have any offline activities and are they actually useful if they don't meet offline activity maybe you can really try this asynchronous engagement and I also had the team 12 hours of time difference and they were meeting on Thursdays and they also did on cameras Thursday so everyone were supposed to or asked to turn cameras on and once per 2 weeks we did really short fun activity however for US friends it was like 7.30 am and for India part it was like 6 or something like that so even in this small slot do like Scribble IO Scribble IO is like for 15 minutes really it's quick and when you set the timer for 10 seconds for guessing I hope I helped you at least a little bit did you try maybe 4 with 2 teams who are neuro time wise like one thing to come to my mind is in chess each draw one draw per day and one group can meet and discuss it which are neuro time wise and the other also neuro time wise and something like that did you try anything like that like creating 2 teams can form to each other because we are neuro time wise yeah it could work did you try it I haven't tried but it's a nice idea but you can create avatar in some game and you can play in games together perfect avatar thank you for sharing any other questions or comments I actually have questions but for others like if anyone has experience with this I don't want to call it a charity it's about work but I mean where you as team mates can meet in some virtual world or something and engage in like voice communication anyone has experience with this my favorite sound where you can but it's still keyboard and mouse yeah that's what I meant I didn't mean like using headset we use it for English classes and frankly they've been amazing for the coming times at least we felt married like a woman if you have never seen the other sound I'm not sure how safe it is to share a workshop there but it's an interesting platform thank you very much any other question or comment if not thank you very very much for joining me today this room has capacity of 90 seats and it's almost full and it makes me just freaking happy and I will be in Dreamland for month at least because of this experience so thank you very much you are a great eye in the audience and I hope I see you maybe other time maybe also at my talk thank you very much and enjoy the rest of your time


So we will begin our epistle to the Philippians. Philippians is a rather frightening book for me personally because the Philippians were amazing believers. They were such spiritual giants. You know, when we look at, for instance, okay, when I look at Corinthians, the letters to the Corinthians, I look at them and I look at the mistakes they did. And I think, ah, see, I know better than them, you know, I'm better off than these people. But when I'm looking at these Philippian believers and what Paul says about them over here in this epistle, I'm like, wow, when Ben on earth, Lord, will I reach that level where I can be like them? So they are an amazing people. You know, the kind of words that Paul uses when he's talking about them. He really, I think, had great respect for them. So the epistle to the Philippians is a very inspiring book. And we'll try to touch upon at least the main key points that are there in the first two chapters. So just for us to kind of get a brief background, how exactly did this Philippian church even begin? For us to find out, you know, for us to know that we would have to go to Acts chapter 16, where you have the background story mentioned very briefly. So in Acts chapter 16, verse six onwards, you know, if we were to see, we learned that Paul and his companions, you know, they set out on their missionary journey. And their idea is basically to go to Asia Minor and, you know, share the gospel over there. So they're heading over there towards Asia Minor. And then the Lord does not permit it here. He does not want them to go over there. That's not the correct time for them to go there. So then they think, okay, fine, maybe we should go towards Bythena. So they move away and they change direction and they start going towards Bythena. But again, the spirit of the Lord, it says over here the spirit of Jesus would not allow them to go there. And so now they, you know, they instead head towards Truas and Paul is kind of wondering, you know, what is it that the Lord wants us to do? Where are we meant to go? And he gets this dream at that time. And so in his dream or, okay, a vision, in his vision, he sees a man of Macedonia standing over there and begging and saying, come over to Macedonia and help us. So that is the background. So based on this vision that has been given to him by the Lord, Paul and his, you know, team, they set out towards Macedonia where you basically have Philippi and all of these other cities. So they come over here. And so here in Philippi, on the Sabbath day, you know, they know that generally on the Sabbath day, you know, outside the city, people gather for prayer. So they go on the Sabbath day outside the city gate and they see this group of women who have gathered together for prayer. So they sit down among them and start sharing the gospel with them and Lydia, who is quite a wealthy merchant dealing in purple cloth. So she's a purple cloth dealer. And so she's, you know, shows a lot of, you know, eagerness regarding the gospel. And because it says over here, the Lord opened her heart to respond to Paul's message. So she and the other people who are there with her, they all choose to accept, you know, the gospel which is being shared. And in fact, it says in verse 15 over there, you know, Acts chapter 16, verse 15, it says that they all, you know, get baptized. So right there on that day, they make their commitment, you know, to become followers of the Lord. And that is basically how the Philippian church begins. It begins with people who have open, receptive hearts toward the Lord is sharing and putting in their hearts. And from that moment on, there's no looking back. They seem to have been quite a committed, you know, group of Christians. So coming to chapter one, you know, book of Epistle to the Philippians, maybe we could have someone read out Philippians chapter one verses three to seven. If someone could please read out for us, Philippians chapter one verses three to seven. Yeah. Can I get that, sir? Yeah. I thank my God in all my remembrance of you, always in every prayer of mine for you, while making my prayer of the joy, because of your partnership in the gospel from the first day until now. And I'm sure of this, that you will begin a good work and you will bring it to the completion of the day of Jesus Christ. It is right for me to fill this way about you all, because I hold you in my heart for you are all partakers with me in grace, both in my entrisment and in the defense and confirmation of the gospel. Yeah. So he says that I always pray with joy because of your partnership in the gospel from the first day until now. Okay, so whenever he's praying for this particular church, he feels joy because he has seen the way they have just accepted, embraced the gospel and how they are really living it out in their lives. So he says right from the first day, when Lydia says, please come home. So after the baptism, it says in Acts chapter 16, she invites them, it says over there that she persuades them to come to her house. And so that's how the church begins in that place. So he says over here, Paul says over here, right from the first day until now, you have been actively partnering with me in sharing the gospel. And so he says, he who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus. What is the day of Christ Jesus? That would be the second coming when Jesus Christ comes back as Lord and sovereign overall. And so his rule and reign would begin. And that is the time when he will honor those who have been faithful to him. He will give them their rewards. So here, Paul is saying, because you have been so open to the work of the Lord, because you've been so open to whatever God is trying to teach you in your hearts and you have been fully involved in fulfilling the great commission, because of your openness, God will continue the good work which he began in you, because you are open towards that good work. You are receptive.  And so he says on that day, until the day of Christ Jesus, so you will be able to accomplish and fulfill all of God's purposes for your lives. And on that day of Christ Jesus, you would receive your reward. So he talks about how they have partnered with him in the gospel. And in verse seven, he also says, all of you share in God's grace with me. You know, if you remember when we were doing, was it Ephesians? When we were doing Ephesians, we were talking about how the term grace is used in four different ways. And one of the ways in which the word grace is used, it's talking about the giftings that God gives to all of us as a church, the grace giftings that God gives us, which is the gifting of apostleship, the gifting of hospitality, the gifting of prophecy and all of these giftings. So here, he is referring to the way they have been active in ministry along with him. Now, see, these are not full-time ministers. Most of them are just church members. Of course, there would be leaders among them, but most of them are just laypeople, but they have been very active in ministry. So here is one church that has actually caught the, you know, the truth about why spiritual giftings are given and how they should be used. So when we were doing Ephesians, we talked about that. We talked about how the five-fold ministry giftings have been given to certain people so that they can equip the rest of the other people, you know, to do the work of ministry because the actual ministry giftings as such, you know, have been given to the entire body of Christ, to all the believers. All the believers as the other ones who are supposed to be fully engaged in doing ministry work, wherever they are, you know, in their office places, in their neighborhoods, among their own family circles. So the entire work of ministry is actually meant to be done by the believers, by the body of Christ. These five-fold ministry leaders, what do they do? Depending on the gifting that they have been given, you know, they operate in that, they do whatever, you know, they have been blessed and anointed to do, you know, for instance, an apostle will go about planting churches, but that apostle's responsibility is also to equip the other believers for ministry.  And from that, you know, that will grow into a body of believers. So he's supposed to train them to operate as apostles at their level.  So they actually have this gifting of a postal ship in them, and most of them are clueless on how to go about exercising their gifting. So it is this five-fold ministers, it is their responsibility to teach the people how to move in that gifting which has been given to them. You know, I was just speaking to this person last month, who has such a burden for people who are demonized, and who are struggling with strongholds because Satan has bound them. And she has such a burden for them, and she wants to minister among them. And she was saying, I have no clue how to do a deliverance ministry. I mean, I can feel such a burden in my heart and such a leading in my heart to reach out and do something for them, but I have no clue what to do and how to do it.  So who's going to equip them? Who's going to train them? Who's going to show them how it is done?  So they're supposed to really move in this gifting and demonstrate to the rest of the believers how they can use that same gifting, you know, if God has given that to them. So a teacher, it's his responsibility to train up other people who have that gifting and tell them, see, this is how you can actually teach and explain the gospel in your Bible study, you know, or when you're having your family devotions, you know, this is how you can make it simple and explain to your family from the scriptures. So it becomes the responsibility of the five-fold ministry leaders to equip different people in their church in the giftings that have been given to them so that they can go out and do the ministry that they are meant to. So many, many church leaders don't understand this. They think that they are supposed to be doing all the ministry work and that the congregation is supposed to stand on the sidelines and clap for them. No, the church, the body of Christ has been richly gifted with a whole bunch of giftings. And they are, in fact, many of them are hungry and eager to get involved, to do something, you know, in the places of wherever they are working and wherever they have their contacts. But many of them are clueless because the leaders have not bothered training them, showing them how to use those giftings that they have. So here it looks like in this Philippian church, Paul and Timothy and the other leaders had actually taken the effort to train them, show them how they can partner in the gospel. And so here are these people who are literally sharing in God's grace with me. He says in verse seven, all of you share in God's grace with me and they're actually using these grace gifts that have been given to them to really do the work of ministry. So in fact, when people are actively involved in ministering, in trying to serve, in trying to share the gospel with people, in building them up in the Lord, when they are doing that, it becomes easier for them in their own spiritual walk, you see, because they have to continuously keep going to the Lord and saying, Lord, how do I minister to this person? What do I say? It increases their own dependency on God. It increases their own walk with God. So the reason a lot of our congregations are so, I mean, indifferent sometimes is because they feel, what is there for me to do? All I need to do is go there on Sunday, lift up my hands and worship the Lord and I'm done. I mean, that's my role. The actual work of ministry will never be done by those leaders. But no, there are giftings which have been put inside that believer and God has a purpose for their lives. So if someone would tell them, see, I recognize these giftings in you, I want to help you to develop them. I want to start equipping you. Are you eager? I'm sure a lot of them would be like more than ready to start doing something for the Lord because they all have that hunger inside to do something for him. So they just need someone who will take the effort to equip and train them in their own areas. So an apostle will teach others how to start small believer groups, a prophet will teach the people who have that particular gifting, how they can use their gifting to speak words of encouragement into people's lives, very accurately in their time of need, God would give them the exact word, maybe or the exact scripture, which they can share with someone and really cause it to become that reema word for them, for that particular occasion. So these are things, giftings which are there in the believers and it is the responsibility of the leaders to equip people to move in those giftings. So that the work of ministry gets done effectively, powerfully and on the scale that it should be done. The reason that a lot of our countries are not yet reached with the gospel is because only the leaders are trying to do it. The congregation is not even aware that they are supposed to be participating in this great commission. So it and most of them don't even know that they have all these giftings in them. So I think it's a very, it's something that God will hold the leaders responsible for. So I mean, those of us who are doing this course among you, if any of you are holding that five-fold ministry giftings, then know that you have the responsibility of course in moving in your gifting and doing all that you can for the kingdom of God, but you also have a God-given responsibility of equipping the other believers. If you recognize that same gifting which you have in the other people who are there in your church, then go to them and point out to them and see, I can clearly see this gifting in you. Can I help you? Can I equip you? Can I guide you in moving in this gifting so that you too can start using this gifting wherever you go? In that way, the gospel would spread much faster and a lot more would be achieved and the Lord would be very happy because his entire body is actively engaged in fulfilling his purposes. Rather than just having a minor percentage doing the work of God, everyone would be engaged in that. And so throughout this letter to the Philippians, again and again he touches upon this aspect of how they are actively partnering with him in doing the gospel work. Again and again he keeps bringing up this whole idea of how they are partnering with him in the work of ministry. So I thought maybe we could spend a little time talking about this particular aspect because it is so important and that is how a healthy church grows. That is how a church stays eager and enthusiastic about the things of God because all are equally, busily engaged in the work of God. Then coming to verse 12. Okay, verses 12 to 24, we could maybe see it as one large chunk. So over here, in verse 12, Paul says, he's basically referring to the fact that the Philippians are feeling very sad that he's imprisoned in Rome and that things are kind of difficult for him over there. So he says over to them, he speaks assurance in verse 12 and he says, what has happened to me has actually served to advance the gospel. So because he says now everybody over here in the palace and a lot of people are talking about me. They are talking about the strange man who has got imprisoned not because he's done any criminal activity or anything but because he's talking about this Jesus Christ and the Jews are very, very angry that he's talking about Jesus Christ. And that is the reason why he's imprisoned over here. So people are talking about this. So they're probably asking questions, who is this Jesus Christ? Why is this man willing to get imprisoned for the sake of this Jesus? So in that way, a lot of publicity has happened and as a result of that publicity, the gospel is getting known. People are talking about the gospel and that makes Paul very happy. And so he says, maybe we could, if we could have someone read out verses 15 to 18. Yeah, if someone could please read out, Philippians 1, 15 to 18. It is verses 15 to 18, please, yeah. Alright. Oh, I'm not able to hear. You can't hear me. Oh, I can hear you now. Okay. Okay, yeah. I'm going to say, some in this preach has given me a name and a name and some are from Buddhism. They form a preach Christ, self-efficient, not scary, but to add affection to actions. But they're just out of power. Knowing that I am part of the Christian gospel, what they're doing only in the same way as in the presence of the truth is preached. And in this rejoice, yes, and rejoice, amen. Yeah. Yeah. You see that Paul is very happy that he got imprisoned because it's leading to a lot of good publicity for the gospel. He's very happy with people who are preaching with all the wrong motives. They are preaching not because they love the Lord and because they want people to be saved. They are preaching to promote themselves, to become famous, to become rich. They're doing it with all the wrong motives. Even that also he's happy with. Why? Because he says it doesn't matter really, even though they're doing it with wrong motives, the gospel is getting preached. People are getting to know about Jesus Christ, about what he has done. So we see such a passion in this man for the gospel of Christ. And he goes on to talk about this further in verses 22 to 25. He says, he's talking about how he doesn't, at that point of time, he's still not very sure whether he will be set free or whether he would get a death sentence. So he's a little unclear on that. And it's like thinking, which would be better? Getting a death sentence and then dying and then going to be with Jesus Christ? Or should I continue to stay over here because I'm needed over here? The work is going on. And I still have a lot to contribute towards the gospel, the ministry. And so he says over here in verse 22, he says, yet what shall I choose? I do not know. I am torn between the two, he says, because he says, I would really like to go and be with Christ. So it would be nice if I'm given a death sentence, but he says in verse 24, but it is more necessary for you that I remain in the body. And so he says in verse 25, I will continue with all of you for your progress and joy in the faith. So he says, no, no, no. It would be nice, of course, to go away and be with Christ. But then if I continue to be over here, I can continue to mentor you. I can continue to teach you. And then you will be able to grow further in the Lord. So I think maybe it would be better for me to continue over here. So if you look at this man's words, right from verse 12 up to verse 25, there's only one thing driving him. And that is his passion that the gospel should be preached. I mean, why, I was looking at this, I was meditating on this passage the other day and I was asking myself, Lord, what drove him? I mean, he was so passionate. How did he get that way? I mean, what is the key to being that passionate for the gospel? When you're actually seeing people who are preaching for all the wrong reasons, even that is okay. You're like, okay, fine, no problem. Let them preach for the wrong reasons. God will judge them when the time comes. But actually the gospel is getting preached and people are getting to know how Lord, what caused this man to have such an amazing passion for you and for the word of God and for the gospel. And I was just reflecting on that and there are a couple of verses that I would like to share in this context because it kind of helps us understand the heart of this Paul and maybe we too could choose to have that kind of a heart. So with that idea, if we could look at Romans chapter one verses 14 to 15. Romans one, 14 to 15. Hey, are any students watching? Yeah, go ahead. If you do not have the law by nature, do what the law requires. Romans one, no. Sorry, best. Romans one, Romans one, 14 to 15. Okay. I am under obligation both to Greeks and to Barbarians, both to the wise and to foolish. So I am eager to preach the gospel to you. Also, we're in Rome. Yeah, yeah. So over here, the NIV which, you know, Asha read out says that I am obligated and I'm under obligation to preach to you Greeks. The literal word is used in the NKJV where it says, I'm a debtor both to Greeks and to Barbarians. He says I'm in debt.  A lot of money has to be repaid. Do you understand the desperation that there is?  How much can I handle? You know, so constantly they are like driven by this, this debtedness which they have. And here Paul is talking about himself in that way. He says, I'm a debtor both to Greeks and to Barbarians. And so I'm more than willing to come to Rome and, you know, share the gospel with even you people because I am driven by this huge debt which I need to repay is what he says. And yeah, just to kind of clarify when it says Greek and Barbarians, you know, the term Barbarian sounds like such a rough and rude word. That's because it's talking about people who are uncivilized. You know, that's the term that is used. So that's basically how the Greeks looked at other people. It's not that Paul is regarding people as Barbarians. The Greeks, according to them, they were the civilized educated elite. And in their eyes, everyone else was a Barbarian.  So he says, I'm ready to preach to the Greek community. I'm ready to teach to all the people who come under the label of Barbarians. I'm ready to preach you to the people in Rome. I am doing all this because I am in deep debt and it has to be repaid. So what kind of a debt is he talking about? You know, if we were to go to Acts chapter 26 versus 15 to 18, we kind of get an idea of what he is talking about. Acts 26 versus 15 to 18, please. Acts 26, 15 to 18, Pastor? Yeah.  And he said, I am Jesus whom you are persecuting, but rise and stand on your feet. And for I have appeared to you for this purpose to make you a minister and a witness, both of the things which you have seen and of the things which I will yet reveal to you. I will deliver you from the Jewish people as well as from the Gentiles to whom I now send you to open their eyes in order to turn them from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God that they may receive the forgiveness of sins and inheritance among those who are sanctified by faith in me. Yeah. So, you know, he asks, who are you, Lord? When he first has this encounter with Jesus and he doesn't know who it is.   Instead, this Jesus says to him, you know what I'm going to appoint you as my servant and my witness to go out and share the gospel with these people and you will be able to open their eyes and turn them from darkness to light. So something that was very precious to the heart of Jesus. He chose to place it in the hands of a man who had been working against him, who had been persecuting him. So rather than unleash anger and broth upon Paul, God instead chooses to place in his hands something that is very, very precious to his heart. And this is something that Paul always remembered and appreciated and was grateful for. So we need to have that same attitude. You know, he felt that he was in deep debt to the Lord. The Lord whom he had been persecuting rather than being angry with him is now placing in his hands something that is so precious to the Lord.  I know that you will do what I'm asking you to do. So I'm trusting you to go forth and do this wonderful commission that I'm placing in your hands. And so Paul always felt driven to do this, to somehow, of course, he can never repay the debt. No one could ever repay the debt which what Christ has done for us. But it was his way of saying, Lord, because you trusted someone like me and chose someone like me for a commission this great, I Lord will choose to give my very best. And that just drove him. And so in the Philippians passage, he talks about how he's so happy and he's eager to even stay continuous life here on this earth so that he can be of greater benefit to more people and all of that. His one single focus is advancing the gospel. And that's probably why he really enjoyed interacting with the Philippians because they too had the same heart as him. They too were partnering with him in advancing the gospel. Yeah, Shay, if you could, yeah, go ahead with your question, please. Thank you, Pastor. It's still on the train of what motivated Paul, concerning the spread of the gospel and preaching the gospel. I do understand that God works in diverse ways, but could you just help us explain? Why is it that many people in the likes of Paul, the persecutor, could not have a Damascus experience? Probably if Jesus never appeared to him on the way to Damascus, he would have still gone ahead to kill all the Christians.  Paul became a complete new person and the energy he used in persecuting the Christians was all converted to the gospel. So my question basically will be is, how do you then explain? And honestly, I'm not of the party that thinks that there are people who are predestined by God. I'm not of that party. I believe very well that God wants everyone saved. When you read the account of Paul, sometimes you just have to think and think and meditate that God, why is it that others who were born into another faith entirely, why can they also have this experience? How do you explain this to people so that they don't feel like they're only just specific people God reaches out to and some people, maybe they're just down for life because sometimes people could feel that way when particularly Christians, when they see that even when they're preaching to others, they're not even heeding to the world of the gospel. How do you then create a balance to ensure that people don't think that God is just all out for only favorites or specific people? Thank you, Basu. Yeah, it's a good question. Could I answer that after the break because I will look up those verses which talk about how God reaches out to everyone who seeks him with a sincere heart. So I'll just look up those verses and so we are breaking at 9.55. So which means maybe we could come back and log in at 10.5, all right? So 10.5, if all of us can log in, we'll continue and we'll begin by answering this question. Yeah, thank you. Thank you, Basu.


Hello, everybody! This video is about increasing the size of a disk C at the expense of disk D. There are two methods to choose from. The first method is like this. It doesn't use third-party programs and relies exclusively on standard Windows tools. The disadvantage of this method is that it can be useful for you only if this D contains no important data and you can clean it. So let's begin. Right-click on the stock menu and select Disk Management from the menu that appears. We can see the partition structure. Here is disk C. Here is disk D, where supposedly there is no important data. Right-click on it and choose from the menu and delete volume. Click OK. As a result, we receive an unallocated area in the disk. Right-click on disk C and choose Extend Volume. The volume Extend Wizard opens. Click Next. Here we add some space from the unallocated space. For example, let us add about 5 GB. Click Next and ready. Now disk C is extended. To create disk D again, right-click here and select Create a Symbol Volume. This signs the drive letter D. Click Next. Format it in NTFS. Ready. As a result, disk C has increased and disk D has become smaller. Here is the second method. If you have important data on disk D but you need to use some of its free space to extend disk C, unfortunately, standard tools of the operating system cannot help us. We will need additional software. For example, AMA Partition Assistant Standard. Go to the program's official website and download it. I have already done it in advance.  Start the program. Here we can also see two partitions. But unlike Windows Disk Management, this software lets us increase the size of disk C at the expense of disk D without losing data stored in disk D. To do it, right-click on disk D and also choose and choose Change Partition Size. Specify the required number of gigabytes that we will join to disk C later. Click OK. Then right-click on disk C and also choose Change Partition Size. With the help of this slider bar, fill up all the free space or enter the required number of gigabytes in this field. Click OK. Now click Apply. In the window that opens, click Go, and then Yes. Ready? Everything was successful. Now check it. Really, disk C has become bigger. While disk D is now smaller and we haven't lost any data here. Thanks for watching. I hope this information was useful for you.


This is a comment, but I think there's a question in there too. The suggestion is, have training for all first responders about mental health and folks with developmental disabilities. There may be less shootings towards folks like these. What do you think? I absolutely agree. I think first responders should be thoroughly trained on how to respond to a person that is distressed, that has a history of not being well, and especially if they haven't got a history of violence, that should be clearly marked out that this person is not normally violent. However, first of all, I just want to thank to all our first responders right now, whether they're police, ambulance officers or whoever they are because they're doing an amazing job and sometimes in very, very difficult circumstances. As you know, we have delivered services in situations, in NGOs, in which we had to provide services to people that were severely disabled because of a mental health issue. And not just because of a mental health issue, they were also severely disabled because of the medication that they were taking for those issues. And many, very often, ourselves and our people have felt threatened, intimidated by these normally nice people, but not during those days. So when we talk about first responders and how they react, yes, I agree we should train them. Will that stop them from all the time never ever shooting anybody? No. Will it diminish, I think it will, if they have a good, if they understand a person that could hit case history, if we could work with the police more closely teaching them better techniques on how to respond to those really dangerous situations. We're not talking about somebody having a bad day. But also, I think it's important the training and how to respond to situations that they are perceiving as dangerous, may not actually be as dangerous as they're thinking because they see a behavior of someone who's acting strangely in front of them. It may not be aggressive, it may not be violent. It may be that there's something else going on for this person that they're not aware of. So for example, we talk about this when we're training around psychosis. You know, if someone has a lot of voices going on in their head, for example, they're talking much more loudly to you or they're leaning forward in your face. It could come across as aggressive, but that's not their intention. They're just dealing with all this other stuff going on as well. So if we can train those first responders in mental health, in understanding just a little bit, they don't need to be experts, but they need to be able to assess situations as accurately as possible. They're not going to get it right 100% of the time, but to be able to identify. I don't think this is aggression. I think this is actually someone struggling, someone afraid right now. Fear is behind a lot of it. Absolutely. And there's also another aspect to this, is not only should we provide that training, I believe in most cases they're being trained already on how to respond in these situations, but if they're not, they should get the training. But we also should train our first responders and our police forces and that to identify who of those first responders shouldn't be on the road that day. So I'll tell you what, just last week I was watching a short video of this police officer that escalated the situation unnecessarily. The person that was responding to him was really polite, really courteous. This guy could not have been nicer and the policeman just was hell bent on arresting that person and causing problems. That officer was not having a good day. That officer should not have been on the road that day. They should have had time out for that officer. So it goes both ways. How is the mental health of the person that we were responding to? How is my mental health as a first responder? True. So that's that double aspect to things. Hi, I'm Emmy Golding, Director of Psychology for the Workplace Mental Health Institute. We hope you liked the video. If you did, make sure to give it a thumbs up. We have more and more videos being released each week. So when you subscribe, you'll get a notification letting you know when a new one's just being published. So make sure to hit that subscribe button and don't miss out on this vital information for yourself, your colleagues and your loved ones.


Today Christina is here. She's in the back. You can recognize her in case you haven't filled in your reimbursement forms you can do so today and There is going to be a photograph of everyone here and also of the online participants So that will happen just before lunch. So I'll remind you again 12 but we'll go out on the terrace and take the picture and then people who are online can can have their picture taken by the People here Then there is a conference dinner tonight at seven and we're just going to meet at the restaurant and the restaurant is just Just here basically Right on this side of the Institute. You you go out you go towards the sea and it's there on your Just next good So then the the chair of this session is Yes, hello, so I'm you put you from our CA Sackley and the first speaker Will be a Thomas Stefan virally from Shahbrook and more real and time domain quantum microwave Please Hi, so can you hear me? Yeah So good morning everyone My name is Stefan Virally Probably you don't know me. It's normal But I've been working. I'm risked. I'm now affiliated with Polytechnique Montréal, but I used to be working at Université Sherbrooke and And most of the the work that's been done and that they will present here comes from a Sherbrook So it used to work, but it doesn't know so okay So I'm basically a spokesperson for a group of real scientists So the most important I guess for this project is Bertrand Rollet who you probably know So he's at Université Sherbrooke working on noise in microwave microwave circuits and Most of the work has been done really by two PhD students Jean Olivier Simoneau who is now working for a Quantum company because there's a huge amount of new quantum companies in Sherbrooke that that That I just spawned in the in the in the last couple of years and Simoneau-Boldig-Bauduin is The current PhD student on the project So the slides a few slides that I will show you are coming from here Now I'm at Polytechnique Montréal. I'm working with Denis Sileski Maybe some of you know him is in ultra-fast photonics and we have a very good PhD student also who's working on it, but so Everything that I will talk about Basically, we discussed all of us on these things and it's the fruit of a lot of a long time of reflection so the motivation for this talk and also to try to motivate you to to listen to the talk up to the end the idea is to try to To work now quantum optics or quantum photonics or quantum microwaves Depending on the support we're working in with very short pulses and The good thing is in microwaves is Because we're so low in in frequency. We can really probe those short pulses relatively well So Because because these systems are very useful Because we're going to be able to probe fast dynamics stuff like that We want to understand these These pulses in in a quantum in a quantum way Also QED is usually cast in space and time So we really want to be able to to to have a good description of what happens to light when it interacts in small volumes of of space and time and And also as you will see Because we started working on this time domain Which is a bit different point of view from whatever Exists in general in the in the literature. We already have found some surprises and and there are probably more to come So this is basically what we started with Bertrand it started with Bertrand and I having a conversation about about this Bertrand says said to me, you know, I can send a pulse that's as As short as I want in a in a microwave line and And And I want to understand how it works in in terms of quantum for instance We will see usually the Hamiltonian is is is shown as to be h equals h bar omega times n And what is the omega that's associated with the pulse? That's so short that it has a huge amount of frequencies available And we'll see that the answer in the very beginning the answer seemed to be very very easy We just take an average or something like that, but it doesn't absolutely nothing to do With that in reality So let's start with that in books We have this But if I forget the one half of We have this relation if you if you open a quantum optics book and you and you Go a few pages you will find this relationship and books are a very dangerous thing because in the in in the end you will you will end up really believing that it's true and And it's not and and and it took me a lot of time to figure out that it's not that it's not true It's true in in some sense in some settings When third quantization is done in the frequency domain And that's usually the case of all the books that you encounter in the literature still from current energy to To Fox or whatever you will find That first quantization is done in the frequency domain or in the case space if you want and And you end up with this kind of of relation But so the energy is in this case is proportional to the number of photons The reason why it's true is because you have of course given a very definite Frequency to your photons. So of course you can say that if I measure a photon in this mode It will have the energy H bar omega, but in reality Of course photons are not quanta of energy. We all know that and and there is no real relationship between The Hamiltonian and the number of photons if I take something that's very broad my Hamiltonian is going to be some of the H bar omega n of omega and and of the total number of photons is just the integral of All the ends at all omega n's and they are not proportional So this idea that we have all that h and n are proportional isn't it just not true It's it's true only in very very specific circumstances and the circumstances do not apply to the type of research that we do with very broad pulses So What gives them The first thing is We know that energy is basically the square of the electromagnetic magnetic field so we do e squared plus b squared basically and we have the energy of of our En field But the number of photons Are something else they are the square of another field which I call the photonic field, but you know And it's and and it carries Information the same way the EM field does But it's not the same one and we'll see the relationship between the two but So that that's where we started we started with so what is this? weird thing photonic field that really gives me the the photonic field will give me the The the probability of seeing a click on a detector and The electromagnetic field will give me the probability of measuring some some type some energy in the in the M field oops so How do we how do we relate the two fields? So I will I will now go to the microwave domain and in the microwave domain The the main thing that we can measure from the EM field is is the voltage but it has the same structure as as The electric field or the magnetic field for instance and the important thing is that inside of the Of the expression of the voltage there's this pesky square root of h bar omega term that exists and that multiplies all the frequencies Whereas in the photonic field of the field that we really want to represent the number of photons There's this this factor doesn't appear. It's just straightforward lead of the quadrature of the of the field without without any without any Dimension So how do we go from here to here? So we have this square root of h bar omega So the best thing to do is to divide by the square root of h bar omega and That's exactly what we can do actually So when we do that basically what we do is we we have a transform We have a convolution in time domain With a one something that is the the Fourier transform on one over h bar omega and it happens to be one over T a square root of t basically So from the time domain perspective we can transform the voltage Into things that resemble the quadrature of the of the photonic field that will give us real information about photons How how we would measure clicks on detectors The big problem is there's those are non local obviously and non causal relations So it's a it's a bit weird. There's a there's a non-causal relation between the photonic field and the EM field Which means that we basically need information from the past and from the future But it's not the first time we encounter this kind of problem in in electrodynamics But if we if we implement this This relation we can we can measure Clicks the the the equivalent of clicks on detectors one of these this one Commutes with V at all times and that's very important because what we can do is what we can register a trace of V over time and then we can apply this Transform and if we have a Vigna function that is that is Rotationally symmetric for instance we only need one quadrature to be able to measure to do a full tomography of the of the of the state and we can from V obtain Q one of the quadratures and Check whether we have the good relations for Photon numbers when we when we do that So just this was just a slide about the non-causal relation between V and and and and the quadratures of the photonic field Interestingly when we when we do something just a simple pulse like that The the probability of finding a photon is exactly maximum when the voltage is equal to zero But so we wanted to test this this thing and we decided to do it on a total junction Which is basically the you know, it's the job of of Bertrand to Look at these things Tunnel junction is really what what? Makes him tick So when we base a tunnel junction with a DC and AC signal We have three waves mixing taking place so we can for instance Send a 12 gigahertz AC signal and we can And we can measure pairs of photons at let's say two two at six gigahertz or one at four and one at eight Or we can go down to two and ten We're just limited by the by this the the setup that we have and When we do that we can Collect the traces and apply the voltage transforms that I showed you before and And and then we we can check that we have the real the the good relationships for For Photons So just the setup the idea is that you can we can send both DC and AC on on the tunnel junction here And then we send everything back to a very very fast acquisition called 32 giga samples per second and we have a 12 gigahertz Bend width so we can basically measure everything Well, not the low frequencies because we're limited by our amplifiers and Here is the result. So let's say I send a 12 gigahertz pulse on to my on my junction and as I said, I will have pairs at six gigahertz I will have pairs that are that span four and eight for instance and And so I should be able to if I if I'm clever and if I decide to filter correctly my signal I should be able to to recover The equivalent of single mode squeezing so pairs that appear pairs of photon that appear all the time in in all the in all the Frequencies that I want so for instance if I go at six gigahertz It's already there. Just if I have a narrow band filter around six gigahertz I should see pairs of photons and that's what I see here So there's a there's a small contribution for a thermal state at 65 milik a but other than that the Fano factor at Zero should be close. It's it's it's not one clearly not one. It's close to two and And the reason is that we were generating pairs of photons Now we can do that at six gigahertz But if we do that at eight gigahertz, which is you know, we should have a normal Thermal state because if you take just one mode Of us of a two-mode squeeze state you will have a thermal state So the the Fano factor should be one and that's what we recover now We could go to four and eight gigahertz. So what we do is we have a filter a numerical digital filter that Goes that by Goshen around four and eight and we do the same thing on the trace with that That that's a simple filter and we recover the statistics of pairs of photons because we have now a mode a full mode that is both four and eight gigahertz and That will generate pairs of photons if we do that for with five and eight For instance, which is which does not corresponds to pairs that should be created at the same time We don't we recover the thermal the thermal statistics So we've shown that and and of course I Don't show you here because we have a problem in the curve But there's no there's no such thing as the same Relationships if we do if we do that with just V if we if we use V squared as a proxy for the number of photons We don't recover these these relationships. We have to implement the The transforms that I talked about So let's go to to another subject the quadratures in the time domain Because that was the question that we asked for for our saves a lot of for a long time We discovered that they are Hilbert transform of one another which is not surprising When you think about it, but in the very beginning it wasn't clear to us So the idea is if you have a Casio monochromatic System you have two quadratures you have beside you have basically the cosine and the sign and if you do if you go in the frequency domain Basically, you have the cosine is just two real parts and the sign is Two imaginary parts one positive the other one negative on the on the other side If if if we want something that is very short so here I I will show you a frequency come because I Think it's easier to see so you can have a very Wide spectrum you can have very different when you can have very strange relations between the Phase relations between the frequencies, but the idea is that the the the the quadrature is the Hilbert transform so the Basically the orange and the blue lines are 90 degrees from from one another and I have this neat animation to try and show To give you an idea of what quadratures are in the in the in the time domain so now if we want to go full time so we decide that we We go to the opposite direction of frequency with just time We realize that energy was an observable for for frequency domain and time of arrival of photons is a is a Observable for for the time domain and I call that Graphene single photon detector because it has You know it has a wide band going from zero to infinity So it's an ideal detector with infinite bandwidth should be able to to recover this These times of arrival so so if we have the the Hamiltonian which is equal to The sum of h bar omega a dagger omega a omega a dagger omega a omega We can think about something like theta which would be an average sum of The time of arrival of our of our photons and it would be the basically the jewel of the Hamiltonian in the in the time domain and interestingly There's a nice Commutation relation between the two And that was surprising because we thought there was no mutation relation between Hamiltonian and time There's a good argument for that but this commutation relation Is not as problematic as the one that people think about which usually doesn't include the end here so So this is this is a valid commutation Relation and I find it neat because I think it shows very well that What we measure and the the number of photons is really a number of action Now if we if I want to go beyond what we've done and do a full tomography of the field So we I want to measure up both quadrature's for instance in the frequency domain. I know that I can do Homodyne detection with a local oscillator So I send a local oscillator. I I split it in two. There's one part that has a pi over two shift the other part I leave alone and then I mix that On beam splitter with with my signal and I get and I recover the the two quadrature's I Can also inverse the signal and the LO so I can apply the pi over two shift on the on the signal It's it's it's going to give us the same thing now in time domain. It's more difficult One of the things that I do that we do with Bertrand. We measure we measure voltages so when we measure voltages we have We measure one point and we can do the same thing with electro optic sampling in in in optics basically sending a Dirac and Sampling the field at one time the problem with and and the way to to recover the To recover the quadrature's is to do the river transform But as I said, it's non-causal. So it's not obvious how do you do that? There is a device that's called a hybrid that we've talked about two days ago That actually does this but it has to be very wide-bend to be able to do that I'm not going to discuss this the last thing I wanted to show you is Something that you've you've heard about a lot You you when you have a coherent state you can see nice figures in the literature that that look like this but this this figure is a is an actual Simulation of what would happen in time domain? It's not like the figures that we've seen in the literature where basically those wiggles would be would corresponds to measuring the Changing the phase Of of our measurement here. Let's say I have a sine wave and it's a coherent state if I if I put it on a on a On a oscilloscope I should see exactly this this type of trace if I have a squeeze state For instance, we all know that we have this kind of here The state is squeezed in in amplitude. So we will recover this kind of thing But I just wanted to show you this because I I think it's beautiful It's the it's the cat state because I always Asked myself what is a cat state because it's a it's a plus alpha and a minus alpha and I couldn't So it looks like it should be zero all the time But it's it's far from being zero all the time the the signal that we are looking for in Second quantification quantization is really in the noise and that's the specialty of Bertrand That's it. I didn't want to Go further than this Okay questions Thank you for the nice talk. Maybe it's a stupid question But it's a formality when when you go from a frequency domain to 10 domain you need to do this I mean integral with I mean the frequency range is going from infinite to Minus infinity in a way, but it is not true. I mean you have a Width on a window of frequencies. So I mean in a way you have also restrictions for your I mean formalism You're absolutely right. So That's why I went full-time only after I showed you some some some actual Measurements that we did so if you go full-time you have this binding with the the teta and the and The time of arrival that you can measure but you in order to do that you have to have infinite bandwidth as you said And in general you're in between you're you're so but the idea is that we want to have tools To treat that in between instead of just saying okay, it's it's almost monochromatic so there's an omega Average omega and then we treat the stuff just as if it was monochromatic We wanted to be able to have a full description in time or in in frequency and And and that's why we're doing it like that You mentioned that you have this a causal connection between the you know the voltage and the quadratures and maybe I mean You start with definitions in terms of Fourier transforms, which are a cough is an a causal transform Did you think about or reconsidered? I mean could you do definite start with a Laplace transform and then get a causal theory? I've never thought of that so I It it's possible and that you mentioned it But I've never looked at it Yeah here, so whenever you open a single processing book you you learn about the the window function of The FFT or the Fourier transform engine on so maybe it's a dumb question, but how is this different from a window function? I mean you're the fact that you need to take the integral properly No It's not just a window. What would be exactly the same thing as the window function there I mean basically the yeah, yeah, so taking a very well or dear I mean the as far as understand but maybe it's a dumb question But as far as understand the point of the window function in signal processing is to avoid this Echoes other things because it restricts yourself to the proper frequency range. So basically you don't have any problem anymore so How is this? different or no, but let's say you have a very wide signal so I have a I have those pairs at four and eight gigahertz. So they have their widely separated or two and ten They're very widely separated. Yes, I can apply a double window function as you as you say and that's what I That's what I get. That's the type of stuff that we do We apply those two window functions if you want to to go to two gaussians around two and ten But when we do that and we have the right relationship phase relationship between those two windows It's not like they're separated They have a phase relation between the two and it has to be the right phase relation between the two and when we do that we can recover the quadrature of of the of our signal and We can show that we have it basically it becomes a full mode the full mode of the electromagnetic field but with but with photons at four and eight so they're in a superposition of four and eight Yes, it's a two mode quiz state sure, but no, it's not a two modes quiz state It becomes like a single mode quiz state But it's a single mode that is Delocalized in frequency domain at four and eight. It's not the same thing as I have my two modes and I and I Okay, so maybe you guess I'm missing something. Maybe we will discuss that at the coffee break. Thanks So I guess we're all asking the same thing because we're trying to wrap our head around this non-causal thing This is the most provocative thing you brought up. So it generates questions. Maybe even on purpose It's really nice to think about this fundamental issue. So The photon is is really defined by the mode in which you measure Yes, and you're determining that by whatever window function you set up and actually Our intuition is usually more sort of like a wavelet story and and you want to have In the Vigna representation sort of like what's called a Feynman basis Or maybe a tiling of face base in terms of Gaussian states each one taking up roughly h bar Yes, and and that's sort of the the intuitive coarse-graining. We like to think about when we want to say it's localized symmetrically both in space and in time So Essentially, I guess I'm repeating all the questions that have been here before is when you do that sort of localization that to that degree that's symmetric basis because The Fourier transform puts all the weight in time in terms of complete decal delocalization in time and and Dirac localization in frequency, but the fundamental basis is the symmetric one Yes, and it's an overcomplete basis because they overlap Yes, but still it's it's the intuitive one and the question is have you looked at that one maybe as well I guess it's a complimentary Yeah, so so You're absolutely right that it's it's the right basis I think to to To explore these things so what that means is that there are some very important Relationships between the the frequencies and they basically have this it's like a cosine as you it's like a cosine they have the right relationship between the different frequencies and that's the basis that you're talking about and That's the one that we use for for our measurements Okay, thank you. Hi So if I understood well, you're essentially explaining continuous variable or quantum optics and You just choose one way of representing the signals in time domain, which is just complementary to describing them in frequency domain So the the only difference is first quantization the first quantization step is different. Yes I mean, there are trillions of recipes into dealing with a continuous variable One two maptics in frequency domain. Of course, it doesn't look like localized states. It's the tenor and ones and I mean At some point you have a finite bandwidth. So it's just a point of view. Yes, and when you insist on the weird Distribution of squeezing of course it depends on into which temporal mode or you're projecting it and I mean It is very well known from the optical community of continuous variables and We even have a very good tool as soon as it is Gaussian here with a squeeze state How already looking at all the covariance matrices in frequency domain you can not only Look at the local squeezing in frequency domain, but look at what would be the the temporal modes of them I mean all these tools as far as I know are already known. Yes. So Yes, what's your question? Okay. No, I was just missing the No, no, but it's I mean, I mean I'm interested in the time domain picture. I want to understand it. So It's then all these temporal modes appear directly from the diagonalization of the covariant matrices I mean, of course, it can have very weird shapes. It will depend on how you tailor your policies. I understand I understand that it's it's not intuitive, but I Understand but still I that's I wanted to have a different point of view I want to try to understand what happens in time domain and I think at least to me when when I do that Even though they are already very well known things that I can do to to do exactly the same thing I'm more interested in in something new just to try to understand Not new physics, but a different point of view that maybe will bring something Okay, let's take your last question Hi, so can you just explain a bit more for the cat state? I didn't understand so in the time domain what you would measure and In ultimately how it's different than what you would do conventionally No, well, so it's just that this this is this is something that you should be able to replicate with, you know Just having a cat state and and doing the tomography as you rotate along the the phase Basically doing a full tomography This is just but this is what I would see in time It's the same thing, but it's what I would see in time if I generate generated a cat state in a in a very narrow band Frequencies if I generate a cat state in this and I just put it on on on an oscilloscope That's what I would see and that's just something that I was It's multi-valued I'm sorry. I mean it seems like it's multi-valued. I mean Yeah, yeah, yeah, but that's that's well, so on average is zero But that's that's the the beauty of quantum basically this the signal is the noise, right? So what you see is that everything is always zero on average But there's noise that is not distributed in time in always in the same fashion So I find that fascinating but Okay, thank you very much and thank you for having time for discussion