This is a video to show you how to terminate a cat 6 end or cat 6 plug. Take the stripping tool and strip off the outer plastic sleeve. Separate out the inner cable cores. Cutting out the central plastic divider. Start to untwist the cable core pairs. Ensure they are as straight as possible. The order should be for 5, 6, 8, B. First, white and orange. Second, solid orange. Third, white and green. Fourth, solid blue. Fifth, white and blue. Sixth, solid green. Seventh, white and brown. Eighth, solid brown. Straighten them together in order. Cut a straight edge with 1 to 2 inches of slack. Feed into the plug with the tab facing down. Cut off any spare cable. Adjust so cable lines up to end. Use crimping tool to squeeze together the plug and create termination. Double check, cores are still in correct order. For further assistance or a free survey, please email or call on the details below and click like and subscribe if you have enjoyed this video.


Imagine that you live in a village. You step out of the village in any direction and you find yourself in a different country. Welcome to the strange world of enclaves. Countries are parts completely surrounded by another country. This is the story of people who lived in this complex situation. The problems they faced, the dreams they dreamt.    It is also the story of how after 68 years a bold new initiative rewrote the mess of history. A stateless person who is not recognised by anybody has got a recognition. Now he says that my motherland is this country. It is an exploration of what citizenship means what the symbols and rituals mean when seen through fresh arms. Most emphatically it is an example of two neighbouring nations maturely dropping their differences and working together for the benefit of people.


I'm the director of senior services with the city of Sheboygan I have a lot of people to think in a few minutes But first I'm gonna invite Mayor Ryan Sorenson to say a few things to us all. Good morning Well good morning everyone it is a beautiful day in Sheboygan And I'm so glad to be celebrating it with all of you today on this exciting new project right here in Sheboygan, Wisconsin I think if you look around the rooms There is a lot of friends families partners project managers neighbors Community leaders that have played an integral role in making sure that this project could happen So I'd like to just recognize a few folks here today We have we couldn't have done this without the support of the city council So we have some of the council members in the room tonight. We have older person Grazia Pirella. Grazia.  We have older person Angela Raimi in the back there We have our council president Barb Felde up here in the front As well as we have form former city council person who supported this project as well Marcus Savalio Marcus And I'm really hoping I'm not missing any other council members as well as this is a community collaboration to I know that We have several county board supervisors in the audience here as well today And we just want to thank everybody on the city staff as well I know that a lot of the speeches will be a lot of thanks and remarks from a lot of folks as well, too But just internally from the city I know our director of planning and development Chad Pelschek is somewhere in the room He's done a lot of great work With with grants planning moving some honey around making sure that this project could happen as well Our department of public work staff. I know they're floating around here. Mike Wilmes is in the room Director David Bebel is here They've really been great leaders There he is Great leaders and making sure that that their staff and their team really saw this project moving forward as well I know from we have some friends from the Department of Housing and Urban Development in the room here as well Too who helped prioritize Funding for this project as well And I know that Emily will recognize them as well, too But I think that this is just an amazing project when you talk about revitalizing a neighborhood Bringing a community together This is this is something unique It is usually traditionally hard to convert an old grocery store into anything else besides a grocery store But we did it right here in Sheboygan giving a lot more love and attention To to this neighborhood, so I hope everyone can enjoy the day take a tour enjoy the treats come say hello Check out the building. There's a lot more room for expansion and opportunity here And we're exciting excited to celebrate the state with you today So take a lot of pictures And with that I'll turn it back to Emily Thank You Mary Sorenson Next up I want to invite Hunter Milner up to say a few words hunter is with J. H. Hassenger our Contractor good morning hunter Morning everybody nice to see you guys on a beautiful Wisconsin day. I love the snow. I don't know about you guys but I Think the mayor knocked it off He did a great job in starting to sell it, but I'll re-emphasize on a couple things For people that know what this building was before we started this project to what it is now It's a heck of a transformation We've been working with growth design groups and the city of Sheboygan and Emily throughout the last year on this project And I am proud of it I hope everybody else that's around this area is a proud of it as well, too And it's been one heck of a project and we look forward to expanding our portfolio up in this area as we've done Some projects prior and want to keep doing work for this community. Thank you for showing up today. Thank you Thank you hunter and then I want to invite up to speak with you Marilyn Montemay or who many of you might be familiar with if you're not familiar with her You've probably recently seen her picture on a billboard or a bus wrap or WSCS when she leads our cooking shows on TV and she's like country famous people watching her cooking shows so Welcome to the microphone Marilyn Thank You Emily. Thank you. And I am on that billboard and on that bus and they told me about it after the fact But that's fine. It's nice to be here in this gorgeous building see lots of friends and lots of new faces And of course, I don't remember most everybody's name. I really like name tags very much. I Started at the senior center the old senior center. I think in 2005. I think that was it I've tried to imagine Before the renovation of the old senior center Before Wendy Schmitz was director is Wendy here or Anne Kraft. What was the name of the director before Wendy?  I send her a Christmas card, but at that time By the way a little inside information and Kraft and I are probably the oldest ones here and Uptown social is a wonderful name. But do you know in 1965? When I moved here and Anne will attest to this Uptown social was the name of the Northside House of Prostitution. I think that's gone. I don't think you That's not why we named it that Marilyn Everybody should know that and that will be cocktail conversation forever regarding the Uptown social This is not that kind of club. We'll remember the name Lots of physical fitness, which I usually do not participate in lots of crafts lots of projects in lots of programs organized and taught and By volunteers there are a few hired people who do programs But most of them are by volunteers sometimes they last for years Sometimes it's only two or three weeks or a month and I've participated in some of them But mostly I just hang out at the senior center and now at Uptown social any questions about the past I remember the past very well, I was talking to same young people at the art center Just chatting and they said oh you have a lot of stories. I said by the time you're my age You also will have a lot of stories every single person here has a story or two or ten Everybody has had an interesting wonderful life. I know there's one gentleman here that was Dive under the ocean and all those sorts of things and lots of What was Kennedy's program peace corps? Every old person has a story or two. I'm glad you're here Thank You Marilyn. I don't know that we can ever invite you to speak again I have notes in front of me because there are so many people and I want to make sure that it's so many people that We need to thank and I want to make sure I don't miss anyone So I'm gonna reference my notes But first I've got to tell you I've been in this job in this role almost two years Marilyn was one of the first people I spoke with on the phone because this was late 2020 deep in the pandemic We're still masking people are still on zoom. We're still very remote and I talked to Marilyn on the phone And she said you know Emily You youngsters feel sorry for us oldsters and you shouldn't we feel sorry for you And she said because everything you're going through we've already done it And we're glad to be done with it And it really resonated with me and I've taken so much from working with this population About how to enjoy life all stages of life I have to admit I'm my kids are little and they're terrible and awful And I find myself very jealous of the people who get to come here and hang out every day playing sheep's head and working out With Josh and doing all sorts of fun things while the rest of us are in the slog with newborn newborns So thank you Marilyn for helping me adjust my attitude about oldsters Marilyn says she loves being old I just walked by our library and saw a book and the title was something like The only you only have to worry about getting old if you're a cheese or you know It only matters being old if you're a cheese and to that we say the older the better, right? So anyway before we cut this ribbon. I have a lot of people to think this has been an exemplary Situation of cross-departmental collaboration Inside the city outside of the city volunteers paid staff everyone This has just been a huge project that's been in the works for a long time And I'm so grateful that we all get to be here experiencing it today Also, I think it was Bonnie Bonnie somewhere in this room Bonnie Feld pointed out to me this morning Emily you're terrible at scheduling these events because when we had our groundbreaking last February It was a beautiful Wisconsin day much like today and here we are again with snow coming down the big difference is that today We get to be inside. So isn't that lovely? All right, first up to our friends at J. H. Hassinger to hunter Scott Mike Thank you for doing such a phenomenal job on this renovation Thank you for prioritizing this project and getting it done before the snow flows flies I wrote this before I knew it was gonna fly Maybe not everybody in this room knows what a challenge construction is right now And so throughout this entire process people would ask me How's your project going and I would say really great Things come up and then they tell us about issues and they offer solutions and we keep moving forward and it's been Really just incredible. So thank you to the team for offering solutions and for getting this done and really for prioritizing us up here in Sheboygan Thank you To Mike and Joe and Katie at growth design group. Thank you for designing this beautiful building Who would have thought that this used to be a grocery store and a pet store that? That the first time I walked through there was a dead mouse right in that corner We're not gonna have that nowadays no no no no We're getting an office cat to take care of any pests Just kidding just kidding But really such an incredible building if you do want to pop your heads into the future gymnasium You might see a savalant grocery cart in there that we sometimes use to move things around But just truly what an upgrade for this neighborhood this building Who'd have thought that we could be in such a light filled space in a former grocery store? To Paul with EBI Paul. Where are you? Hi Paul? Paul is our furniture guy And so Paul took me and another member of the DPW team to the furniture showroom And you better believe we sat our butts in an example of every single chair You're sitting in and some we'd look at and say you remember this don't look at me like you're pretending You know this happened that we would look at a chair and think wow that looks really nice And then we'd sit in it and say but it feels Not as good as it should and so all the furniture that is here has been personally vetted by Paul and personally vetted by Our teams butts and so we hope that you are just as comfortable Enjoying all of the furniture here as we as we had fun picking it out for all of you Thank you Paul and Paul brought us some beautiful flowers at the reception desk. Thank you Paul To the city's common counsel and city leadership that Mayor Sorensen pointed out Thank you for prioritizing and supporting this project I know I've got some other senior center friends here in the room with us Kathy and Noreen from Fond du Lac in Ripon you can give a wave They came to visit us What's been incredible about this project is I have already heard from directors and other communities calling to ask hey How are you doing this in Sheboygan? How are you getting your community to prioritize a project like this to put funding behind a project like this? How are you making this happen? And so what I say to that is Bravo to Sheboygan Bravo to the common counsel and city leadership For thinking into the future and preparing us for this next wave of retirees So we can take care of people and so we can have a fun place for Maryland to come and say inappropriate things into the microphone So thank you to the common counsel and city leadership To Gary and the team at HUD Gary. Can you give us a wave? Oh? He's over here the rest of your teams over there So if you don't know this first round of construction was Paid for primarily with a community development block grant loan through the Department of Housing and Urban Development and so Gary and his team were huge in making that happen and Getting us the funding to make this happen It was sort of this perfect storm No pun intended of bad things happening at the old building pandemic opportunity here and just making it happen So thank you. Thank you Gary And of course right along with that Thank you director Peleshek for your work on this and to your team Chad did a ton of work behind the scenes to make this project happen to help find the site to do a lot of paperwork That's way above my head. So thank you and and for those who don't know to the rest of Chad's team You know people leading up to this event everyone kept asking me if I was sleeping at night And I said well no everything's fine Jane Brill's here. She took care of everything I didn't have to worry about it, but leading up to our soft opening. That was the scary part So when I talked to Scott with Hasseinger and he'd say well if you want to have this grand opening on November 15th And I'd say there is no if There's no if we're doing it and and then you know They'd say well we can we can probably be ready by the 15th And I said well we got to be ready by the 7th because that's when we're letting all of our members in and his eyes Got real big and we made it happen and you might not know that we got our Temporary certificate of occupancy the Friday before at 3 48 p.m. 42 minutes to spare Before the office closed and we were about to have to email all the members and say sorry see you next time so just Incredible to Chad's team of inspectors for getting us through all the paperwork to make sure that this is a safe Place for everyone to be I Still have lots of things so like take a deep breath. We got to keep going up to the clerks at City Hall I don't see any of them here, but they helped direct a lot of our people who were lost at City Hall looking for us on third floor So thank you to them for putting up with us to the mayor and Veronica and everyone else in sweet 300 at City Hall Thank you for putting up with us squatting in your conference room for two for two years two years We squatted in the conference room. I'm sure things are much quieter now And I promise we will get the rest of our junk out tomorrow Tomorrow it's on my calendar. It's on my calendar To our colleagues at DPW. I know we had a shout-out to Mike and director Bebel earlier I see their hands in the back there. They've been incredible Throughout this project. I joke and it's not really a joke that I call Mike Wilmas more often than I talked to my husband He's just been my right-hand guy throughout this whole thing and director Bebel Thank you for being the bad guy and doing some tough love with the contractors and the architects So I could always be the good cop. Thank you Also, lots of lots of help at DPW Joe Kerlin's team for putting up with us in their Park shelters for two years offering programs at Park shelters and cleaning up after us Thank you so much to them To Don Cukolowski who's no longer working with the city but was very involved in the beginning and Al and Steve for cleaning up after us at City Hall and Juan and Travis for coming here yesterday to make sure this place was Spick and span for everybody and for everyone who helped move all of our stuff over from the old building just a huge huge effort And I can't thank them enough real quick one to the finance department. I don't see Caitlin here But thank you to them for paying the bills A huge shout out to our friends at the Meade public library for hosting some of our programs over the past year You know, I asked Josh yesterday if I should make this joke and he said I shouldn't but I'm gonna do it Anyway, so to the Meade public library. Thank you for hosting our participants over the past year We know those sheepshead players can be curmudgeonly and we're grateful to you for putting up with them And I say that as a fellow sheepshead player To the senior services commission, can we get a show of hands commission members that are in the room? Thank you rich our chair. I know we've got thank you to our commission members Thank you for your advocacy and your guidance in getting this project going and I hope you're ready to buckle up as we revive And renew our livability plan in 2023 To the friends of Uptown social Thank you for all of your time spent live uplifting this organization for those who aren't aware Uptown social happens With a lot of support from the city and then a lot of support from the friends of Uptown social Which is the non-profit 501c3 that raised funds so they have their own board of directors Can we get a show of hands all of the friends board members? Thank you. Thank you and Actually about a third of our annual operating funds flow through the friends So when you purchase a membership when the cafe opens and you buy a meal when you make a donation It's all going through the friends of Uptown social, which we couldn't do nearly Well, we would have to do a whole third less of what we do without their support. So thank you to them I have to mention that we're currently Wrapping up our first phase of construction the second phase that we hope to complete next year is the big gymnasium there's some signage by the entrances that gives you an idea of what's coming and the friends have committed to fund raise to make that happen and So if there are people in this room that feels so inclined to want to be a part of that project I would love to have a conversation with you Scott Johnston our board president He's hiding but he would love to have a conversation with you about what that looks like and you'll be hearing a lot more from us coming soon about ways to be involved in that process and Speaking of supporting the friends. We have some sponsors in the room that have already signed on to be a part of this project So thank you Kohler company for both a financial contribution and about $30,000 worth of in-kind plumbing it features in this room so in this building. Thank you Also big thanks to Bader philanthropies the Alliance Energy Foundation. I think Laura's here somewhere if you want to give a wave Sheboygan senior community. I know Stephanie's here She waved good. Thank you Sheboygan senior community and Pine Haven Christian communities I saw Sam somewhere. Hi Sam and And the town of Sheboygan. I don't know if we have anyone from the town of Sheboygan here today I see a hand wave thing. Oh hi Karen So thank you to those sponsors that have already signed on to help us get that gym built. Thank you. I Promise I'm all I'm almost done. There's just so many people to thank here To all of our volunteers Thank you as Marilyn mentioned this place runs on volunteers and you all have been so incredibly patient with us as you've moved with us from the old building To City Green to Deeland Park to Roosevelt Park to Kiwanis Park to City Hall To the library and now to here. Thank you for your patience and your perseverance And I I hope I hope you're as excited as we are to get settled into this building and really make it our own So thank you all Of course a huge. Thank you to the staff You might not know that our entire team turned over throughout this project So to to our former colleagues Vicki Schneider Melissa Wolf and Rachel Connery who were here getting this project started And we're very involved in the initial concepts Huge thank you to them for their work and then of course to Jane. I haven't even seen Jane in like an hour She's just busy. Hi Jane. Thank you Jane for doing so much Jane's been with us for a month and she's just been doing amazing things and of course, thank you to Josh If if if you ever want to do a fitness program. He's funny. He's caring He enjoys mashed potatoes I Just encourage you to check out a fitness program with Josh.  So don't do that And and finally finally thank you to all of our members our participants our visitors Thank you to all of you who've been here today. Thank you for being here Thank you for coming back again, and thank you for telling all your friends so we can continue to grow That's it. I'm sweating let's get this ribbon cut So the Sheboygan County Chamber is here. Let's have them come forward I'd like to have anybody who was involved in the project. So our architects our contractors our staff our commission Our alders anyone who wants to be here. We want you to be a part of this ribbon cutting We're gonna do it right here. So come on over


Coming soon! An ATM event March 2016 Chesford Grange Warwick Mathematics As a human endeavor Over 70 sessions Opening plenary Jackie Fairchild Special events Social events People Intense Mathematical Drawings Eyes! Closing Plenary David K Places for 105 pounds Colourful Giant Parachute Thing Gebabs Book Now Visits www.atm.org.uk


Hello, I'm Bee. In this video, I'm going to cover two things. First, I'll give you an overview of the IELTS test. Then, I'll give you a brief guide on what to expect as you go through our ELC online IELTS materials. Okay, so first, IELTS is an international English test. It tests your English abilities in all four skills. Listening, reading, writing, and speaking. And in total, the test lasts just under three hours. You'll take the listening, reading, and writing tests all on the same day and one after the other. There are no breaks in between the tests. And those tests are always taken in this order. Listening, then reading, and then writing. Your speaking test will either be after a break on the same day as the other three tests, or up to seven days before or after them. All right, so what about your scores? Well first, don't worry, you cannot fail the test.  You get IELTS scores based on each of the four skills on a scale of one to nine. And you'll also be awarded an overall band score. You can score whole bands, for example, band five, six, or seven, or half bands, for example, band 5.5, 6.5, or 7.5 in each part of the test. So you're probably wondering, how can these online ELC materials help you? Well, we've created a structured learning package so you can be motivated to keep progressing and keep practicing sample scenarios you'll likely face in listening, reading, writing, and speaking. In each section, there is a video with an overview and detailed information about the test, so you can visualize what it will be like. You'll also find general tips to help you do better in the test, practice activities to help you prepare for the test, suggestions about helpful materials that can be found in the center for independent language learning, and links to extra online materials. Still not enough? We also have extra suggested materials for each of the different test sections. We hope these materials will give you the extra practice and feedback you need to help improve your band score. So what can you expect in our listening test materials? We have two whole practice tests, which will give you a feel for the real thing, and extra practice listening for each of the four listening sections. This will give you more exposure to materials you will likely face, and all of our listening activities have interactive online quizzes with immediate feedback. This will give you more practice so you can know areas you did well, and areas you can go back to improve. Next, in our reading test materials, we provide practice activities for all the different question types. In total, we have nine different reading texts and 24 different question sets. I think there's lots here to leave you feeling more confident and well-prepared. And all of our reading materials also have interactive online quizzes with immediate feedback, so you can keep practicing to get a higher score and hopefully a higher band. Our speaking test section includes a video of a complete IELTS sample speaking test, plus extra annotated videos for parts 1, 2 and 3 of the test. As well as the videos, we have many short audio recordings of sample responses to different topics. Here's a way you can use them. First, listen to the recordings. Then, record yourself with our online voice recorder. Next, listen to yourself and think about how you can improve your performance, and record yourself again. This may take time and patience, but it's truly one of the best ways for you to enhance your spoken fluency and have more confidence when you walk into that room. We know there are many unknowns with the speaking section, so we also have materials under different ways questions are asked. And what to do if you don't understand something the examiner says. Don't panic, use these materials, and practice so you can learn how to take control. Of course, don't forget to make use of SIL for one-to-one practice and feedback. What better way to practice than with a teacher? And finally, I'm sure this is your favorite. What can be found in the writing section? We have sample questions for test one and test two. We have lots of sample answers to these practice questions with feedback on how the answer could be improved. We've also included some high-level answers which you can compare your answers against. But we also strongly suggest using the facilities in SIL for one-to-one feedback. Finally, we have some resources on proofreading your written work, and common errors Hong Kong students make. Okay, that's it for this video. Remember, the best way to do well on the IELTS test is to practice, practice, practice your English. So make use of these online materials, or make use of a friend so you both can motivate each other to do better. Don't have a friend studying IELTS? That's okay. You can always make use of the resources and help the ELC offers here in SIL. Come in, practice, and build up your confidence. Goodbye, and good luck on the IELTS test.


Welcome to Access to Trader, the number one community for those who are committed to taking control of their trading in order to achieve success, profitability, and longevity. Thank you for joining us. Here's Dan Shapiro to help you find your edge, master your process, and own your future. Hey, guys. Good evening, everybody. Welcome to another edition of the AccessToTrader.com weekend. Update show. Hope everybody is doing well. It's actually not the weekend yet. It's actually around 20 minutes to the close on Friday. I logged off a little bit early today just to kind of enjoy a three-day work, well, three-day weekend. I want to wish everybody who is celebrating Easter a very happy and healthy Easter weekend. Tomorrow is Good Friday. The market is closed. I'm not sure when you guys are going to get this recording. I think Kenyon's going to put it out at some point this weekend. Could be Friday, Saturday. I just wanted to kind of get it out the way, share my thoughts so I can have the weekend to myself. As you can see by the board, the market is still open. You know, pretty subdued session as you can possibly imagine on a pre-holiday session. The market is very, very quiet today. Everything is pretty much on the flatter side. Not really a lot to talk about today. You can see by the individual names today, Tesla, you know, doing exactly what Tesla's been doing for a long, long time. It shows a little bit of a pulse and then starts going back on the range for next week. I'm definitely going to start watching the bottom of the range as we discussed in the last couple of sessions here. Nvidia had a rough couple of days. The buyers, they were aggressively buying those $1,000 calls that were expiring today. Well, those calls went to zero, but I'm kind of assuming, and I think everybody agrees, this wasn't their first bet. The stock broke out of 500. I'm sure they rolled up to the 6, 7, 8, 900. So I'm sure they were playing with house money. Nvidia just did not attempt any type of rally today, put an inside day. So this bottom range here is still in play going into next week. And if Nvidia wants to rally, again, we try to be prepared on both sides of the market. If Nvidia wants to rally, it needs to reclaim back the five-day moving average. So you have the 20-day in play here as support and you have the five-day in play here as supply. Amazon attempted to break out today, but again, just not enough juice. There's just not a lot of people around just like the busy travel holiday session, for example. On Thursdays when everybody's traveling, a lot of people are traveling for this long weekend as well. It attempted to break out, went up a little bit, came right back down. Names like Meta continue to be sold and are building below the 20-day moving average. If you look at Microsoft, we talked about on yesterday's video losing the bottom range here so far it held. It didn't come close to losing it as well. Names like Netflix are below the 20-day moving average. So you're starting to see a little bit of technical damage in a lot of the leadership names. Again, does it mean anything bigger than kind of what it is now? Probably not, but the point is, again, you need to be ready for just in case the market starts losing the 20-day moving average. As far as speculation money comes in, you have the IWM really, really big pop today. Again, attempted to break out. Probably wasn't the best day to break out considering nobody's really around to defend prices. Name like ARM we talked about for the last couple of days broke down and we're still watching this bottom channel here. Again, not enough fear to get any stock really breaking down today. Obviously, not enough juice to get them higher. So we're still watching the bottom of the range here for potential next leg down. A name like Reddit that had a really, really good three, four-day run is filling in this whole gap here. Again, the last thing the bulls want to do is give out those IPO lows. Again, if a stock is broken, it's going to get really broken below those IPO lows. AMD, just again, another perfect example of a stock that tried to break out today, at least reclaim a 10-day moving average today that just picked the wrong day. Again, not enough players in the game today. It got above the 10-day moving average, literally went up like 50, 60 sads and came right back below the 50-day moving average. And that's a kind of a big deal. The longer it continues to build and gets rejected below the 50-day moving average, the higher probability it starts attacking the bottom region. What's the stock that went really nuts today? We talked about this in last night's video was Mara. Mara got above this whole 23-level, traded all the way up to 24-60 s. And even Mara, as aggressive as it was and how powerful it was, look at the 60-minute view at this magnificent run and literally is filling in this whole channel that has started literally at the open. So again, you really don't want to try to dive into something that's nothing there. When the majority of players are out for the long holiday season, we're probably going to get a little bit more clarity going into next week, which is the start of the second quarter. Speaking of quarters, the numbers are not yet official just because we are still, you know, still 15 minutes till the close. But some pretty impressive numbers here. I'm just kind of reading here. You have the S&P for the quarter up over 10%. That is pretty big. That's the biggest first quarter gain since 2019. The Dow Jones will use the Dow as a proxy, up about 5.7% for the quarter. And the Nasdaq that will use the Qs as a proxy, up a little bit more than 9% from the quarter. And again, if this is not as exciting as you possibly think, first of all, that's very, very big. And that's on top of the 34% that the Nasdaq gained in 2023. So a very, very healthy market continues next week. We will see if the bulls can keep this going. Or again, we have to start watching, continue to watch this 20-day moving average. We talked about it on last night's video that if the market lost the 10-day, it'll get to the 20 while it got to the 20. So now we have to watch the market from the 20-day moving average going in for a potential bigger move to challenge the 50-day soft land. And we'll see what happens there. But going into this week, I haven't even charted yet. I basically just wanted to get the video out. But considering the same stocks I was watching going into today, I'm watching for next week. And these are the names, right? I definitely like the video. You have a two-sided trade here. It's either going to give up the 20-day moving average and start coming in very aggressively, or it's going to get back above the five. Again, I trade both sides of the market. For me, all I need to see is one channel confirm. I don't care which. Again, don't fall in love with the stock. Fall in love with the setup. And that's exactly what we're waiting for. Tesla, again, just broken. It's absolutely broken. Had a chance here in the last couple of days to get above this channel here. Couldn't do it. It's closing now on the five-day moving average. Again, going into next week, I want to see if it loses the five and the 10 for a potential move back to the bottom of the range here. Like I said, a couple of minutes ago, I'm still watching the bottom of the range here of this whole move. Again, this thing could really, really get ugly if it starts losing the bottom of the channel. Guys, look how many times it held the bottom of the channel here. Once, twice, three times. If it loses the bottom of the channel, yeah, there's about 10 points in this thing going into the 50-day moving average. A couple of names hold on pretty well in the tech space. Google has been kind of flagging Amazon, even though it kind of really, you know, kind of a little disappointed today, continues to flag there as well. But majority of them are kind of in purgatory, and that's kind of the most important part going into this week, seeing, you know, if those stocks that lost the 20-day moving average, like the metas of the world, like the Microsofts of the world, can they get back above supply? You know, can AMD reclaim back the 50-day moving average? Again, it's all fun and games, right? I know a lot, especially new traders, joke around, just buy the dip, bro. Buy the dip, yeah. Buy the dip only works until it stops working, and once stocks get below supply and sit below supply, and there's technical damage, the last thing you want to do is buy the dip, because again, if you go back to 2023, once we lost the 50-day moving average, we spent 90% of our year below the 50-day support, and that was a really clear sell signal, and it turned out to be one of the most aggressive sell signals we've seen in recent memory. So going into next week, obviously, I am going to be watching everything. I'm going to be monitoring the bottom channels for pretty much every single tech stock. The key levels now, the key levels now on the queues going into next week is 442, right? 442, any close below 442 going into next week is going to be an issue. Queues need to reclaim back 4720s ASAP before they start building below support. If you look at the SPY, SPY had a phenomenal quarter, basically a double top here from the 321 highs. We want to see the spies get above 524 on the close, or the bears want to see a break below 518 for a more meaningful back test. Diamonds, again, look, it's 30 stocks. The Dow, Jones and Justruel average is only known as the market in water cooler talk. People are just gathering around talking about the stocks. It's 30 stocks. S&P, Nasdaq, and the IWM that was really, really strong today, that's where you want because that all represents speculation money. So cheers to a really, really great first quarter. If you are brand new to the channel, guys, again, thank you very much for tuning in. Welcome aboard, right? Welcome aboard. Every single day, we're trying to give you a really good sense of what I believe is going to happen or should happen the next day, and we wait patiently for confirmation. All we ask is, you know, take a second of your time, like the video, share the video, subscribe, and we'll continue to bring you great value. If you are brand new to PIVOTS or started watching PIVOTS and all that good stuff and you're interested, again, guys, 30 days. That's all it takes. 30 days. Click the link below in the comments. Drive, you know, Test Drive, the PS60 Theory. It's a completely different view of the markets. It's the breakaway from the normal. And if you are interested, I would love to expose you to what we've been doing for the last 14 years hosting this platform. And with God's help, I look forward to working with you guys in seeing your development. Guys, happy Easter, everybody. God bless you all. And with God's help, I'll see you all Monday. Take care, everybody. Have a great, great weekend.


Hello, this is Laptop Media, and today, we will show you how to open the Asus ZenBook 14 OLED and what's inside of it. To open this device, you first need to remove the back rubber feet. Then, undo the two Philips head screws that are revealed, as well as the seven Torx head screws, already visible. After that, pry the bottom panel with a plastic tool, starting from the front. Please remember, it would be of great help to us if you just hit the like button and subscribe to our channel. That would motivate us to make even more and better videos for you. Here, we see a 75 watt-hours battery pack. It lasts for 11 hours and 30 minutes of either web browsing or video playback. To take it out, unplug the battery connector, and undo all six Philips head screws, holding the package in place. For better or for worse, the memory of this device is soldered to the motherboard. The maximum supported capacity is 16 GB of LPDDR5 RAM, working at 4,800 MHz. Storage-wise, you get 1 M.2 PCIe X4 slot with supportive gen for SSDs. To access it, you need to remove its metal bracket by undoing two Philips head screws. Last but not least, there is the cooling. It comprises one heat pipe, a heat sink, and a fan. The VRMs are also cooled by a heat spreader. If you'd like to see more disassembly videos of the latest notebooks we would highly appreciate if you hit the like button and subscribe to the channel.


Hated or love it, but Lamar Jackson is showing us why he should be the frontrunner to win MVP this season as of this recording He's a plus 550 to win the award and leads the NFL in touchdown passes and is tied for fifth in rush yards Regardless of being criticized throughout his career for not being a pocket passer Lamar's not only showing off his arm this season But he also accounts for 87% of the Ravens offense an offense that is ranked top five in the league And after rejecting a six-year $290 million offer from Baltimore Lamar Jackson's not only betting on himself But he's proving to the Ravens the league and its fans why he is the MVP of this league and it wouldn't be the first time He won his first MVP honors back in 2019 So if you think Lamar Jackson will win MVP this season Why not bet it with the fan duel sportsbook and follow fan duel on Twitter, Twitch Instagram and TikTok


Do I know there's not a little bit of pain left? There's nothing left. There might be. No, there isn't. There might be. There isn't. Just chop the whole thing in your mouth. No, I'm too scared. I'm going to chop it up.


And then a few classes later we'll start the discussion on that. Okay, let's complete the discussion that we were having near the last class. I'll correct some algebra. So the discussion that we were having was a problem. We were trying to solve Einstein's equations in a systematic expansion in weakness of the forces. Or we put the gene velocities in the fields. These two things are good because it causes strong accelerations in time. Okay? And you'll remember that Newtonians, you'll see that's five of Newtonian's potentials and all of these. Okay? And really, not really well done, we had the equation that ds squared is equal to... Now, ds squared is equal to... Now, 1 minus 2 pi pi out, which is 1 plus 2 pi. ds squared. Minus 1 minus 2 pi dx, i dx. We could have think by solving the equations we wrote down for the metric. And thought we should have solved. And we actually knew that. It works for the first order. But we can also think of the way we have taken last class, just to remind you. Whereas one by doing that complicated procedure, it works by noting that we have the exact solution for a given mass. For a given mass at rest. And that exact solution was the torsion solution. Now, at the leading order, the equation for the linearization is linearized. So if we know what the fluctuation metric is for one mass, and the leading order is equal to one mass. Okay? And you might have checked that, look, we only knew what the fluctuation metric was for... That was already all in this book. And we love to be able to introduce one higher order of smoothness into that. So if you boost that. That's one higher order of smoothness, that's how we meet you. So the leading order, which is all in this book, we don't need any higher order of boost. Okay? And so, how do you get this book precisely? You remember, we started from the negative torsion network, which was one, which was one plus two five in an empty square. And it was minus one minus two five in an empty odd square. Plus one plus one minus odd square into the omega plus two. Now, this metric is not quite the same. Because this time, I think that it's not just the auspender, it's also the auspender of the order of the equation. It's possible to go between these two metrics, and work with each other. I mentioned this last time, but let me just show that to you. Let me show that to you. Transformation. Where is zeta alpha? So we're looking at a linearization. Zeta alpha is equal to some number which we fixed, too, like x alpha divided by r. Let's see what changes the matrix. This kind of works with transformation. So we know the formula for changing the matrix. We recall that. The formula for changing the matrix is delta h alpha lambda. So, I will do it only in the i matrix. How does space flow? Say, how do I do it? And i is not on the spatial manager. No time. So delta h, delta h is one of the zero-permissions. And delta h ij is equal to delta i zeta j plus delta j is the i. And depending on, there may be a minus sign here. I'll just skip this one. Okay. Let's evaluate this particular one. So this particular one, the j is going to be delta i xj divided by r plus delta j of x i divided by r. What do you think that it actually is? That gives you delta ij of 2 divided by r. That is your minus sign. Minus, and now let's think of r as equal to this value of x i xj. So we get minus 1 by r cube xj xi. That gives you the same sign. 2 divided by delta ij by r of j hat by r. Then we can get the function for this. This is the function. This is the r i hat r j hat d x i d x j. Obviously, because r i hat projects under the r hat. Actually, this is the definition. If I add this coordinate change to the correct coefficient, it will cancel this term in the short term. But as instead, the corresponding, with r, with the d r squared here, this number, we will have to choose the small deviation in the small deviation in the Schwarzschild metric. That's basically it. This is my fault that we need a starting point for our expansion in the Schwarzschild metric. Because it doesn't make a particular choice, it doesn't make a singular or a particular choice of function. It doesn't make the rotational isometric space. We can get this from the Schwarzschild metric after a point of change. So, to leave all that out, we have to leave the Schwarzschild equation. Because d x squared is equal to 1 plus 2 to the power 5 in a d t squared minus 1 minus 2 to the power 5 in the d x i d x j. Then the next question is about how many people are in my higher order? We determined to work to automate the set. Now, the single particle Lagrangian to automate the set. In order to do that, you remember we argued that we need h 3 to 0 to automate the set. h 0 i to automate the set. And h i j to automate the set. Because that's how it enters into the square into the match. Is this fair? So then we're going to proceed to compute. Again, the idea is that you don't need equation. n squared pi is equal to 4 pi g. So, finding the basis of this equation, so we've already obtained the number of connections of what is the first number we're going to automate. And we don't need money. We've done it to zero. Well, if you go further for h 0 0, if you find h 0 0, you've got to stop on it. If you have money, you have everything. Stupid. Reminded you of that. From the stress test. Now we want to solve my equation. We only want to do it on the right-hand side of the set. And we have a nice equation for the stress test because the x mu by the cloud, the x mu by the cloud, delta of x mu delta 4 by square root g of x mu minus the x mu of n times n. Okay, sum it all up. But this is x 80. But the degree, which I'm going to push, this is the standard. My name is Expansion and you can play this is the four eventual data functions. This whole thing is divided. It's integrated over the world line of each article. By doing the same integral, we equivalently wrote this as c. So this was t mu nu. We couldn't write t mu nu. As t mu nu is equal to the x mu by the cloud, the x mu by the t. And the three managers provide the best value. Does he remember? This is what we are going to divide in line dimensions. It's possible it's written this long and it's basically correct. But from here, that's all. Okay. So t is 0 to 0 and we just go with that. So t is 0 to 0. I'm going to point these below us. Okay. So we should just write this as g 0 0 squared of t 0 0. Because we are only interested in t 0 0 over up to order v squared. Okay. And the terms with t 0 i times h 0 i are at least the order. The t 0 i itself is an order. So we can ignore. And then this was written in a nice form. It was written as g 0 0 by squared by square root g. And then we wrote this as x mu dot, x mu dot divided by the square root factor. But the square root factor was g 0 0 minus as full direct limit v s by d t. But I'm from K to the level of 0. Okay. So if we expand this. Okay. So in doing this we got a square root g is like an additional factor of g 0 0 minus. That's all. So what's this? So square root. If you see that square root, you're going to take 1 plus 2 5 expand it in here. So I'll take that square root that this part to the order which is effectively like g 0 0 by v 2. Because this is 1 plus 2 5 of all things, square root g 0 0 square. But then square root g was 1 minus 2 5. 1 minus 2 5. But 1 minus 2 5. Now they say it's 1 plus 2 5 in here. Okay. We do this all. So that was like a g 0 0 q but none of that was effectively g 0 0 minus v square. So g 0 0 is 1 plus 2 5. Expand the square root in that. Taking both 5 and the square root in small. And we found that this was 1 by plus v square by 2. Okay. So g 0 0 was equal to 5 by 2. This is the effect of stress energy and self-expression of particles. The energy particles. For t 0 i, we're only going to be interested to remember it's 0 i to order v q. t 0 i is a simple contribution that's already in the end area. Okay. The next connection to this is order v q and then by diverting the equation to get an additional this is all that we put on purposes. These are the coordinates. We want to make it correct. So we try to solve nice and equations. Okay. Just go to this formula. The answer is 0 is equal to h 0 alpha del h 0 alpha by del x alpha minus half del h alpha alpha. Let the equations use this alpha space and i for space time. We've got the lambda using also the space time and i for space. Let's think about the spatial del square of h 0 0 plus half h i j del square del 0 by del psi del x j minus 1 by 4 del h 0 0 by del x i del x square minus 1 by 4 del h 0 0 by del x i del 2 h i j by del x i del h i i del 2 I don't know how to put a lower this is in the highs or I don't know how to say this but I don't know. Let's move. Ok So we have a square path adopting a gauge and the gauge equation we have is the distance. We don't have to answer any equations. But before we do that we don't have a formula for constant. So there is one formula that is unknown which is del square the order between the four parts of the basis in h is at least the order v square. So the remaining terms are already of order v to the fourth just by drawing the order v square so the rational equation getting out of the remaining terms should be far less known. It is del square of the order v to the fourth b to the fourth b to the fourth. Here I have a v square path of h. It is the next step. So then I am going to give you this part. So what we do is that here we have to get hold so remember h 0 is equal to 3 I am j. It is also equal to 3 and h ij is equal to minus it is minus i. So now with this in mind I will tell you that with this term. So this guy here is simply 2 5 plus plus sign of the square path times half times del square so we have this guy here is del 2 5 the whole x square with a minus from here. Minus plus i for 2 5 del i this was into 2 into ij. So effectively del i of 2 5 but with the minus because and this first with the plus because the straight is with the 3 so plus v into del i of let's put all this together this stuff is del square 5 so here the 4 caps is due to 2 there is plus 3 minus 2 but there is a lower or minus sign so it is plus 4 caps is for minus 1 so minus 2 del i of 5 and that if you take it is equal to half del square 8 0 0 2 5 del square 5 minus 2 del i of 5 del x square it gives some access equations so access equations were having 0 0 0 which was r 0 0 is made by k times t 0 0 minus half t 0 0 and here we made a mistake that actually somebody pointed out to me at the end somebody pointed out that is too late when we did last time the mistake I was making was now including the lower of the raising of g 0 0 in this so we had 8 by k 8 times t 0 0 now it is left by this this is equal to minus half of g 0 0 0 t 0 0 0 t 0 0 0 minus t 0 i g 0 g 0 i and so on but those are not the other equations these are all the game pieces of the other equations now in the g 0 0 notice that this g 0 0 gets it so this is equal to 8 by k 8 0 and here when we work on last time we will take this g 0 0 and ignore this one which is the important of course do the same thing last one but that we don't care about it is not important we are only interested in right hand side problems here is already a problem but is this it does g 0 0 equals 1 plus 2 so it is equal to 1 that is what is this g 0 0 we add somewhere there so that is equal to 8 by k into by 2 by 2 then plus this square by 2 simply plus this rather than this so by 2 by 2 we find this square 8 0 0 is equal to minus 2 5 del square 5 plus 2 del 5 square 8 by k by 2 0 1 plus 5 5 plus 3 square no problem no problem what do we do with this del square by 0 0 it is just this 8 by k you know 1 plus this m e del x minus x x a and some other way k this equation del square by 5 is equal to 4 by k looking at this we can do that first order h is to 8 0 0 is to 5 that is consistent we need to have to do this so we said 8 0 0 0 is equal to 2 5 plus all of e to the 4 and then we have to do all this we take it down by 2 5 so if we add 8 0 0 we have got 10 square by 8 0 0 4 is equal to minus 4 5 del square by 5 plus 4 del 5 0 to the square plus 8 by k in a 5 5 plus 3 square by 2 and 8 del tau x minus x a some other way what do we do with this what do we do with this what do we do with this what do we do with this what do we do what should we do with this what do we do what do we do in this what do we have so for many in 8 this thing is what should we do that is let's look at this this is what we have lookухd then you write this as a square of 5 x square, the terms that are 2 derivative of the same as 5 or terms which have a 1 derivative given in shape, and when you add them in the same 5, you have a choice of which is bicep, so this is active of 2, so that we must 4 x square 5, so the terms are 2 derivative of that in the same 5 axis, so the terms where 1 derivative acts on each line, again this is active of 2, because 2 derivative of the 2 5 is the derivative of 2 x, that is this, you could just work it out, you have this look like, it is so simple, simple, and you are always in it, so a, a, a, 4 theta percentage is 5, and therefore a is actually 4rd omega beta prime, so now that is published to be as you write, what, in many of them have written as, as in do not add it in the breaks, like before the Edward this week at definitely have a helped us then okay, at least how much you have okay, so as you know in not important in scores, what are important is using almost always a some particular 80004 is equal to 5L squared of 5 and now we are going to mistake this term which was from here, I take it to the left hand side so I take this 10 squared of 8000 minus 5 minus 2 5 this will be coming in this term and this term 8 plus 8 sum over 8 5 plus 3 squared by 2 m8 divided by 8 minus exactly is equal to 4 by 8 squared by 5 is equal to 4 by 8 and squared by 5 is equal to 4 by 8 yes yes so that is 4 by 8 times sum over 8 so now I am going to make 5k out here so that will be equal to the minus 4 so that cancels out these 5 fights that we cancels out so I am taking this is 8 by 8 and this is sum over 8 5 plus 2 m8 this is the thing that we do when we solve it so that will cool up and blow up our problems we use the green function we use the fact that 10 squared of 5 by 8 is equal to 4 by 8 times sum over 8 minus 2 by 8 times sum over 8 so therefore 10 squared by 4 by minus 4 by 8 is equal to 0 by 4 minus 2 by 5 squared is equal to minus whatever we have there 8 by 8 8 5 plus 3 d squared by 2 we take it like that sum over 8 5 anything what is the distance between A and the point which you are completing 8 is equal to 0 so 8 is equal to 0 by 4 at r is equal to 1 here that means that if you take this formula because 5 is the potential at this is at r potential at r is equal to 5 at r I know this because there is an r minus r a sum over r d including r and now the reason for this divergence is that we actually try to deal with this point I am looking at a distributed connection of each point we would not have got any such divergence and the end result will be the whole thing correctly I must have observed this before that is just to place this 5 r in another 5 r in which means that the formula of 5 don't include the set range I use the potential to do all other objects on this without doing anything taking into account that it is 5 times sum over 8 so that is the subtlety here that is what I said up to the subtlety we have got 9 times let me just do this very carefully minus 2k sum over 8 plus 3v a squared by 2 m a over r and sum over 8 for 8 0 to 0 to all the way to 0 sum comes in 0 it is whatever it is well solve it for 8 0 i you follow the similar procedure I said solve for 8 0 i you follow the similar procedure once again what we need is formula for r 0 i once again I am just going to serve that to you but not here it gives it to you so the two things you require over r that has to all be q r 0 i is equal to half del a j by del x j del t ok plus half del squared h j 0 del x i del x j plus h m m del t del x i that would be r 0 i you see this term here 8 0 i ok so we are interested in 8 0 i up to q b 1 ok so this is del squared of r before we proceed let's use our gauge condition remember we have a gauge condition let's just write it like this gauge condition 0 i exactly so the gauge condition was del m h m 0 h i and the important point is that every time we have del m h m 0 we can replace it by h m m and that's what we have here we have a del i no sorry del j h j so that del j j is going to be replaced by half del t of h m this thing is half del t so this thing by our gauge condition becomes 1 by 4 del by del x i del by del x d of h m and we already have at least that's minus half del that's very so that becomes minus 1 by 4 our gauge condition is r 0 i is equal to half of del squared h j i by del x i del d plus 1 by 4 del squared by del t del x i h m m plus half del squared h m h i j and we know that there will be squared and we can be there it's a new factor to be that new factor to be if you don't know what it is you can use that to solve it so we've got the equation half del squared by del z i that's not what I think it is 2 so del squared by del z i is equal to minus del squared h by y so that's probably what it is that h j i x i was so remember this guy was minus 2 psi so we get by 2 so that we have del squared by 2 by del on the other hand to the other side of the glass but it's not a minus because h m m has minus 2 psi the two factors, all the factors are two answers so we get glass that's it it comes to the superclass but it has minus 2 minus del squared by del x i up but there's a trace so that's a trick minus del squared by del x i del squared by del x j of 5 16 by 10 of v i a i and so we've got a right perfect so we get h j i is equal to minus del squared by del x i del squared by del x j of 5 16 by k v a del tau it is to now that remains it is to solve this equation that's very easy so let's remember that del squared x i so so that's we just solved the equation before so h 0 i so we divide it through by 1 by 4 by and minus and then put the other examples h so let's get the pattern of the equation first so that is equal to minus 4 they have del squared it's like with a minus their equation was del squared and they have minus 65 k in the letter functions t 0 i is t 0 i in the uppers is n a b i but in this funny here signature in each way we say t 0 i in the lowest is minus so so this side I will solve and so the first place first now let's also get the you see at first I consider something because all the sources were localized in particular positions this source looks weird so it looks like a theory you know a integral instead of some some of things so that's not quite right because find itself very special it comes from I mean source you know any things let's write this funny so let's see the first thing I do is say that this thing here is it's arising produce a thing like that which is 1 by 4 by delta x i delta d of f this square f is equal to d by d inside d by d outside this motion so if I can solve if I can solve the equation with this source I can solve the equation with the difference in the source just by taking the result from the difference in that source difference d by r so that's where f is equal to 5 but find set is equal to minus 4 all the present 5 is equal to 5 r that's a potential to solve solve the equation solve the equation delta square f is equal to minus sum over 8 k and a r by sum over 8 I think it was you know continuity very function some sort of mess however it's much easier it's much easier to follow that because you can just guess let's just remember that there is a square of square root of straight that will be del square of so when I write del i del i of square root of x i x i let's say first derivative that's equal to half but then there are two two x's that they act on so that's x i y square root x i x i x i an extra second derivative k and then what do I get here I get two terms this guy this guy into this guy gives me a factor of 3 pi square by x and this guy into this guy gives a factor of so now this is minus square by x q so that's equal to two x's so we know what gives you the right answer let's say that the solution will do half k by 2 and a the solution that we get from from this part of the equation is actually actually the actually the del down instead of getting the del down we have to get an article but otherwise that's one for each now one for each part when you say this twice with respect to r one with respect to tan and the second with respect to per once here once there because we want del by del x i del by del t u so what's this way plus let's do that the other way so all the people have such an attribute it's a side plus getting through our discussion to make we have to start next class class of that so they are just they can already have that try getting this class about for sure the other means it's going to be a problem so now so let's say that del by del t where is that for function of t it's a function of t del by del t of x is what it's here so this quantity was so x was equal to so you know del by del t is equal to minus k by 2 del by del t of we are ignoring the summation r minus r is t dot r minus r r minus r okay now since we are differentiating with respect to this guy think of this r a of t minus r dot r a of t minus r okay and here now we are not going to make a mistake size so that will then just because minus k by 2 r a of t minus r so now this is differentiating so we r a of t dot r a of t minus r by r r a of minus r this quantity is called del by del t it doesn't act on r a it will act on this r okay so we want del by del x out because we will get del by del t of f that's what one term comes from here and that will give us v k by 2 and that will give us a plus k by 2 v r so that will give us the minus v dot r a minus r the whole thing write r a minus r u time there is a minus a minus here and a minus from this state plus times r a we have k v i by 2 plus v dot r a minus r of a r minus r a i I will write r a minus r and I think I am going to write some nice letters k is v i by 2 plus v i act and then I get this time right so one of these is always r a minus r u minus r a j j i by r right so that's that's what we get we take the same narrative of when we take the second narrative of f with respect to x i so so now just put it all together put it together what do we have we have yes yes if you write this double is that just goes to the same i i i k by 2 when we go to minus k by 2 into r minus r a v a i by r minus r a minus infinity times r a double j by r minus r a q i when we write that we take that for h 0 i i take this to 4 k m a i k by 2 we write v 2 into v dot r minus r a into r minus r a divided by r minus r a as well now now let's look at this minus k minus k by 2 and a of a i by this term this is what we say for this term this term this term this term this term this term this term this term 7 by 2 k m a j i by r minus r a k m a by 2 3 dot r minus r a in r minus r i it matches except that plus sign is the reference of multiplication sign we have a story of how a couple of examines in the Landau Institute a family team I don't know if it's true, I don't know if it's a story but in the Landau we're going to give the book and say find an error I'm going to tell you now our exercise is only for H0808 how do we determine the motion of art? from H0808 to H0808 because the particle couples to the particle couples to the gravitational field that we're very familiar with but the gravitational field that we're very familiar with may actually be L is equal to minus m integral yes is equal to minus m integral mu mu dx mu by mu t dx by mu t t d and then actually because it's k we should keep the terms at about 1 plus 25 plus H004 we have a factor of 2 g0 either mu becomes 0 or mu becomes 2 next so we keep 1 plus 2 h0i then we get dx0 but that's here now we messed up the sign let's check let's check the sign what we really have is g0i and v i we've got 2 g0i is a question I suppose x0i g0i simply x0i if you're really interested this is how you do it finally we're going to do that but finally we have to do it with delta ij because g ij will go up it's minus delta ij and I committed one term although we need to compute it we already had it we should keep plus h ij2 h ij2 is trivial just 2 phi delta ij but we should keep plus these pieces so this is equal to minus m integral square root of 0 we need to expect same so that's really exceptional so it's square root so 1 plus half the first order of pieces plus h 0 0 4 plus plus h 0 0 4 by 2 plus h 0 i by i minus v i2 plus h i v i2 plus h ij v i v j by 2 so this is the half term but the next term the square root is minus 1 by 8 minus 1 by 8 minus 1 by 8 and then this term and this structure so we get 2 phi that is v i2 the whole piece and total that we would use to derive the equation equation of motion for the 8 part because the 8 part is in response to all the other particles we take this as a result and derive the equation to get to where we find the work we are finally interested in the character that is we are not interested in finding the equations of motion we are interested in finding the equations of motion you might be tempted to think that this will just be the sum of the quantities for each piece you say what we have to do from this for the 8 part the equation of motion also involves the position x a so if we differentiate which are some of the quantities of all the particles and differentiate we get additional terms of the equation of motion that is not that you should be keeping remember the structure of the equation other particles source the matrix and then particles just move in the j o d c in that matrix the right equation of motion for the 8th particle by doing this procedure we can't just sum the individual Lagrangian this is the Lagrangian that is for 8th motion the motion of the 8th particle regarding the motion of the other particles is given so this Lagrangian is deriving the correct equation of motion for the 8th particle no more simply sum over to get everything that we are interested in take this equation of motion for the 8th particle this is completely straightforward exercise having to deal with that equation of motion check that the Lagrangian is still in 106.7 of Lagrangian I plan to go through this so very fast time excellent so having to validate this last differential problem we have now completed our task just one second what we have achieved what we have achieved is systematically connected the neutral is given by p minus v where v is the neutral connection achieved by this task in this 107 right there is that the first systematic connection to the neutral in follows a piece where in the strength of the interaction systematic interaction how we continue doing this can we go to the next to the post neutral and the answer is no the answer is no because you see this order keeps track of energies up to order v to the unfortunately now in the next class v to the 5 between the equations in the equation the neutral the only degrees of freedom of position of particles you can imagine it was a gravitation of most things of your life but that was a fake there were no degrees of freedoms and any given space spatial size if you knew the position of particles it would be rubbish if the ion speed in the array that's not pure point particles it involves positions of particles that mean to involve the degrees of freedom that will happen in order v to the 5 that it could do even the first interaction consistently then we could take this Newtonian idea if you try to do it one order higher than this that just will not be consistent okay so around you involved in just point particles unless of course you have a little better to allow yourself to be with some dissipation in our dissipation so you expect to lose energy to the equation and that will result in dissipation in the system of particles so just as an honest, conservative classically identical system the equations that we derived are almost the right in class but they are best if they knew an approximate direction and they are quite nice the question about question can just be right now but it's essentially coming up with a version of the velocities of particles it's that kind and it can't see the light and this over there it really can be done but we have seen in the equations that have just pure energy so even no particles have solutions to these equations those can be super important exactly firstly the problem that I suppose there has been a little delay because if I can I solve this for the next given the position of particles really the answer to that is not because on any solution you can superpose on a gravitational equation even in first order even in first order you can take out solutions that you don't have and I superpose to that when we try to solve the equations in the system we didn't see anything so how can we solve these equations how can we solve these equations if the particles don't move we have to solve them you have the particles can't move I can have a gravitational wave exactly what we have done is solve these equations in the observation in which time derivatives are much smaller in space space derivatives are made to be more important but time derivatives are made to be more absolute we need to solve these equations let's see in this expansion because in a gravitational wave gravitational wave because I keep k k omega t plus k x where omega is equal to k so in a gravitational wave time derivatives are the same space derivatives same order what we have been doing is to search for solutions in which all the energy issues in time is very slow but this thing is essentially inconsistent to my right if you start looking at what I have every kind of a gravitational wave there cannot be a water meter in time so it doesn't exist in time but if you qualitatively impact the next thing we see that there is no gravitational wave yes there is no gravitational wave ok so now in electric mechanism in electric mechanism once again we can ask suppose you cannot do an expansion in the process once again so let's see you know that or in A it is a square which is like v to the fourth which I can do anything beyond ah


ke it's new old stock. So I don't know what Elkin Valley trails is but Some of these collectors pens can do well.  Where's my phone? Who can we raid? Let's see Thank you guys so much for being here. I appreciate you all so much It was a fun show. I've got lots and lots of uh Lots and lots of more goodwill bins stuff So if you guys like these types of shows come on back I will be on in the morning at 10 28 a.m Eastern Standard Time doing Fisher price little people Fisher price little people only okay. They raided me earlier. So I'm going to take you over there. They have toys All right, so here we go Thank you guys for being here. Thank you for watching and I'll see you in the morning and bookmark my future shows Thanks for shopping


Hello everyone, welcome to the next lecture in the course remote sensing principles and applications. Till now we have discussed in detail about image remote sensing image acquisition systems, the basic principles of data collection, what data is being collected and how to convert the data into surface reference all those concepts. Essentially with respect to data our focus is on the solar reflective portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is wavelength less than 3 micrometers. Also the image acquisition systems that we have seen till now like the visc room scanner, the push room sensor all those concepts are essentially the ways in which images in this particular solar reflective portion and also the thermal infrared portion how data will be collected in these two portions like wavelength up to say 14 micrometers. So now we are going to continue with the topic of analyzing the data in the solar reflective portion of the electromagnetic spectrum rather than analyzing I will say that how this particular reflectance is being recorded that is we now know that satellite sensors collect radiance and we have also seen the steps to convert this radiance to surface reflectance and this is our primary interest like acquiring the surface reflectance of various features is of the primary interest to remote sensing users especially when we are dealing with wavelengths less than 3 micrometers. Starting from this lecture and maybe next few lectures we are going to see what causes certain objects to look like in a certain way that is we now know what the reflectance will be what we are going to see now is why the reflectance is like that and how commonly occurring earth surface features will behave in different wavelengths starting from visible to SWIR range of electromagnetic spectrum. So, the topic of the lecture we are going to see starting from today is analyzing or understanding the spectral reflectance curves of few commonly occurring earth surface features the visible NIR and SWIR domain. While discussing the interaction of EMR with earth surface features I introduced you the concept of spectral reflectance curve. So, a spectral reflectance curve is nothing but recording the wavelength and the spectral reflectance observed in the corresponding wavelength. So, that is example is given in this particular slide here you can see that in x axis we have wavelength in y axis we have reflectance. So, if we plot this for like various wavelengths especially within the range of say 0.42 up to say 2.5 or even 3 micrometers we call this particular plot as spectral reflectance curve. So, we have also seen that this spectral reflectance curve is mostly unique for various earth surface features and that is why sometimes we call this spectral reflectance curve also as spectral signature. So, here you can see for different features like this is for grass which is a form of vegetation and this is for water body this tiny dotted line along the bottom is for water body and then for sand it looks something like this for concrete it looks something like this. So, essentially what we can observe is different features behave differently when EMR is irradiated over it or when EMR interacts with different features it will behave differently and hence we get like a unique spectral reflectance pattern or unique spectral reflectance curve for different features. In the series of lectures we are going to analyze why such spectral reflectance curves are observed we are going to go a little bit in detail and reason out why the spectral reflectance curve has a particular pattern for a particular feature. So, we are going to discuss about the spectral reflectance curves of vegetation, soil, water and snow. So, we are going to describe in detail about the spectral reflectance curve of these four features which is or which are mostly abundant on the earth surface and also we are going to discuss about what factors influence the spectral reflectance curve of these four class of features. In addition to this at the end of this particular lecture or this particular topic we are also going to get introduced to the concept of spectral indices. So, this is what we are going to cover in the series of lectures starting from today maybe for next 3 to 4 lectures. So, first we are going to start with the spectral reflectance curves of vegetation. So, one of the earliest and primary application of remote sensing was vegetation monitoring and vegetation has been studied in detail about how it will look in the solar refractive portion of EMR what factors will affect it. And vegetation as a whole if you look at like a global scale vegetation as a whole can influence earth surface or earth system to a larger extent. Vegetation plays a major role in controlling the earth system itself like it can change the water cycle, it can change the carbon cycle only from vegetation we derive our food that is essentially the crops. So, vegetation covers like the entire spectrum or the entire gamut of starting from trees, plants, crops, grasses and so on. Even though vegetation has like many different complex forms starting from like tiny algae to like huge trees it can take variety of shapes and everything. The spectral reference curve of vegetation has like a one particular unique pattern. So, this is like general of healthy green vegetation or in particular we are going to discuss about the spectral reference curve of healthy green leaf. We will start with understanding the spectral reference of one leaf and then slowly we will build our understanding of how it will look when we move up in the sky that is when we move away from single leaf to looking at one plant or one full canopy and so on. So, at first we will start by looking at the spectral reference curve of one single healthy leaf that is given in this particular slide. So, here in the x-axis we have wavelengths ranging from 0.4 to roughly 2.5 micrometers and reflectance is plotted along the y-axis. So, this is from like observed data in laboratory measurements I have taken it from a spectral library called equestress library. So, you can like search it in internet and you can like easily access the spectral library. So, this spectral library contains like for various features on earth surface for hundreds of features on earth surface how the reflectance will vary with different wavelengths. You will get it in the form of a table you can just plot them and analyzing detail have different features look. So, this spectral library I will use to like a good extent in the series of lectures you can easily refer it in the internet. So, coming back to the spectral reference curve of vegetation. The spectral reference curve of vegetation is typically called to have a peak and valley configuration. If you look at this it has lot of small small peaks like here like here all these portions here and here and so on and also lot of valleys like here, here, here and so on. So, that is why this particular reflectance pattern got a name of peak and valley configuration. We can divide this particular curve into 3 portions according to or 3 divisions according to the wavelength range that is we will first analyze what happens in visible band then we will analyze what happens in the NAR band and finally we will analyze what happens in the SWIR band roughly 0.4 to 0.7 micrometers 0.7 to 1.4 micrometers and from 1.4 to say up to say 2.5 or 3 micrometers 3 range we will divide this curve into 3 different portions and then we will analyze in detail. Before doing that it will be beneficial for us to understand some information about the structure of a leaf. So, if you look at like a structure of a leaf a single leaf this is like the electron microscope image of one single leaf. It shows that it has different different portions that is a leaf has like one top portion what we call as epidermis. Similar to our skin has like a top layer even the plant leaf has a top layer we call it as epidermis and some varieties of leaves have a vaccine coating on top of it called cuticle. So, this is like a vaccine coating present on top of the leaf which prevents the leaf from over draining of water. So, this will be like a thick coating over like desert plants and shrubs it may be like a thin coating over like plants and trees present in heavy rainfall region. If you look here, here you can observe like two different types of cell one like elongated lengthy cells on top half of the leaf. So, this is like the top portion of the leaf and this is below this particular red line this bottom portion of the leaf. Here you can see the cells present are actually looking different. So, here it is like having like long elongated shape here it is having like irregular shape. The cells that are present on the top portion we call it as the palisade parenchyma cells. The cells present on the bottom portion we call it as the spongy parenchyma mesofil cell this like this particular portion we call it as mesofil. So, we call it as spongy parenchyma on the top we call it as palisade parenchyma. In the top portion we have one of the most important pigment in the vegetation that is the chlorophyll and we all know that chlorophyll is one of the most essential pigment or chemical substance to be present in the leaf that enables the leaves to do photosynthesis which produces food on its own that gives leaves its characteristic green color and so on. So, the chlorophyll the most important pigment in the leaf is present in the palisade parenchyma cells that is the elongated cells mostly on the top portion of the leaf. If you look at like the bottom portion the spongy parenchyma portion we will have we can observe lot of air gaps or air space is present in between the cells. So, this particular air space when water is present it will be filled with water that is when plants take water from the root system the water will come and occupy this particular air space and when plants dry out this air space will be removed of water and it will again became like gaps filled with air. So, this is like a very basic structure or basic introduction to the structure of leaf. Now we go back to the spectral reflectance curve and possibly analyze or understand what controls the spectral reflectance curve for different, different portions. So, here this one more spectral reflectance curve of healthy green vegetation. So, within the visible range that is in the wavelength of 0.4 to 0.7 micrometers the primary factor that influence the spectral reflectance curve is the leaf pigments or absorption due to leaf pigments. So, pigments are nothing but like chemical substances which is present in the leaf chlorophyll is one of the most commonly occurring pigment that is present in the leaf. Similarly, there can be like other type of pigments like kerotene and so on. So, within the visible range it is the presence or absence of leaf pigments which influences the spectral reflectance curve to a large extent. Once we enter into the NIR portion that is starting from 0.7 to 1.4 micrometers the leaf internal structure or the scattering happening within the leaf controls the spectral reflectance portion. So, in the visible it is the pigments in the NIR range it is the leaves internal structure and in the SWIR range that is after 1.4 micrometers it is the leaf water content that controls the spectral reflectance curve that is wavelength greater than 1.4 micrometers this is roughly 0.7 to 1.4 micrometers and this is 0.4 to 0.7 micrometers. So, these three factors one is the pigments then the leaves internal structure and then the leaves water content influences the spectral reflectance curve of healthy green vegetation. Also in this particular slide and the atmospheric absorption is superimposed on the spectral reflectance curve like atmospheric it is not just like atmospheric transmissivity on this particular part of the y-axis on the secondary axis. We can see that there are for most of the portions like up to like NIR the atmosphere is kind of fairly transparent with almost like 50 percent transmissivity and almost like in most of the bands if the transmissivity is up to 80 percent but there are like really strong absorption bands of atmosphere around this 1.4, around this 1.9 and around this 2.7 micrometers. So, when we study the spectral reflectance curve of vegetation in ground in laboratory measurement we will get the entire curve but when we do it in the atmosphere like when we do it from satellites because of influence of atmosphere we may not be able to do remote sensing of the entire solar reflected portion we may have to leave certain bands so that the atmospheric influence is reduced or essentially we have to do remote sensing of vegetation in the atmospheric windows avoiding the bands in which atmosphere is highly absorbed being. Okay, we will move ahead. Now we have got a very broad general interaction about the leaves internal structure and also what factors controls the reflectance or spectral reflectance curve of vegetation in different portion of EMR especially in the solar reflected domain. So, now we will go little bit in detail and study each portion individually. First we will start with the visible portion of the spectrum. As I have already told you the most important factor that controls the vegetation reflectance is the pigment absorption in the visible portion of EMR and pigments essentially mean chemical substances present within the cell or present within the leaf and one of the most important pigment or the most abundant pigment is chlorophyll. So, this particular curve on the left hand side gives the absorption curve of chlorophyll. So, this is not the reflectance curve this is the absorption curve how chlorophyll absorbs in different wavelengths starting from ultraviolet and all the way up to red band. If we closely observe this the absorption is pretty high in blue wavelength roughly around like 0.4 to 0.45 micrometers and similarly the absorption is fairly high in the red wavelength that is from 0.6 to 0.7 micrometers and absorption is very low in the green band of the spectrum 0.5 to 0.6. So, essentially a leaf containing lot of chlorophyll pigments will be absorbing blue wavelength and red wavelength to a significant extent and will be reflecting green wavelength again to a large extent. So, that is chlorophyll pigments absorb blue and green wavelength and reflect sorry this should be absorbed blue and red wavelength and reflect green wavelength. So, this is especially for chlorophyll. So, two kinds of chlorophyll pigments are there chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B both of them has like a typical characteristics. But if you look at this the chlorophyll B pigment has like a really strong absorption in the blue band in comparison to chlorophyll A. On the other hand chlorophyll A has a really strong absorption in the red band in comparison with chlorophyll B pigment. So, based on the presence of different types of chlorophyll the reflectance can vary but essentially the overall feature that is absorption in blue and red wavelength and reflection in green wavelength will be remaining. Apart from chlorophyll there can be other pigments that can be present in the leaf say beta keratin, pychorethrin, pycosanin and so on. So, as the pigment changes or as the leaf changes through different stages of its growth cycle and the pigments contained within the leaf will change and hence the leaves characteristic colour also will change. So, like essentially we have seen for a healthy green leaf chlorophyll will be the most abundant pigment present within the leaf if the leaf is extremely healthy. So, the absorption features or the reflection feature of chlorophyll will be dominating like it will be absorbing lot of red and blue wavelength and it will be reflecting green wavelength that is what gives healthy leaves its characteristic green colour chlorophyll is abundant in healthy green leaf. But if the leaf progresses through different stages of its growth cycle we call it as senescence or phenological cycle if the leaf matures what will happen is different pigments will come in chlorophyll will drop other pigments may start to increase in the quantity when that happens the leaves colour may change depending on the pigments that is becoming abundant now. So, here if you look at like let us say like beta keratin is being present in the leaf. So, you can see that beta keratin absorbs a lot in the blue wavelength again, but its absorption becomes extremely low in green and red portion combined together. So, when beta keratin becomes like the dominant pigment within the leaf it will absorb blue and it will reflect green and red portions and it may have like a leaf may have like a yellowish appearance. Similarly, if pychoerythrin is like the primary pigment present in the leaf it absorbs primarily in the green band with very low absorption in blue and red bands. So, again it may have it may produce a completely different colour to the leaf. So, the absorption by different different pigments is what drives the spectral reflectance curve of vegetation in the visible part of the spectrum. And also this particular absorption of certain characteristic wavelengths gives the leaves its characteristic colour like absorption of blue and red leaving green out will give the leaf the green colour this is done by chlorophyll. Absorption of blue only allowing green and red to pass may give the leaf an yellowish colour that is because of like the beta keratin and so on. So, the presence or absence of certain pigments will drive or will dominate the spectral reflectance property of vegetation. So, as the vegetation goes through different cycles of its growth phase or if the vegetation undergoes certain amount of stress the pigments present within the leaf will change it may some of the pigments instead of chlorophyll may come in and hence the colour of the leaf will start to vary. We will observe it visibly with our eyes as our eyes are tuned to observing visible portion of EMR. So, this particular figure is gives another example of how leaf with different different colours look or how the spectral trans curve of leaves in different different colours look. See for a healthy green leaf you can see reflectance is like pretty high in the green portion that is around like 0.55 micrometers and it is like low in the blue and also it is low in the red portion you can observe it from here yes up to here up to 0.7. But if you look at like other leaves that is they say take this reddish purple leaf you can see that the reflectance is pretty low in almost all portion of EMR giving like a combined mix of like a dark colour that is why the leaf may appear like reddish purple or for a red leaf the reflectance in red portion is very high with very low reflectance in green portion. So, this is because of presence of different different pigments present within the leaf essentially that will dominate or that will control the reflectance portion of reflectance pattern of leaf especially in the visible range. Next we will move on to discuss about the spectral reflectance property of leaf in the NIR portion of electromagnetic spectrum. So, if you look at the basic spectral reflectance curve maybe I will go back to that particular slide. So, if you look at like this particular curve on the slide we can observe that the reflectance is quite low in the visible part that is around like less than say 10 to 12 percent maximum itself is like say 12 percent in the visible portion. If you transfer to NIR portion after this 0.7 micrometers you can see the reflectance increases drastically it reaches 50 percent and again it slowly begins to decrease as we increase in the wavelength. But if you look at this particular curve in general the reflectance starting from NIR all the way up to like SWIR portion is relatively higher when compared to the reflectance in the visible band and it is the highest in the NIR portion the reflectance is highest in the NIR portion. The reason for this is plants typically need light for its function we all know that it has to do photosynthesis it needs its internal energy which it derives from sunlight and sunlight is a mixture of or mixture of various wavelengths we also know that with the primary wavelength or the wavelength in which maximum energy coming is green portion typically. So, what happens is leaves derives most of its energy requirement from the visible portion of EMR that is between 0.4 to 0.7 micrometers leaves do lot of absorption and uses that particular energy for its functioning and photosynthesis that is why leaves reflect very little amount in the visible portion the reflectance is pretty low like less than like 15 percent in almost the entire visible range and this is still lower in the blue and red band in comparison to green. But leaves will not absorb EMR with the same efficiency in the NIR portion of the spectrum because a significant amount of solar energy will come in the NIR portion of the spectrum also and if leaves absorbs all these things with the same efficiency with which it absorbs visible wavelength then it will overheat the leaves and leaves may die causing an irreparable damage. So, that is why in order to prevent the leaf from dying or from preventing the leaf from irreparable damage leaves generally has a tendency of high reflectance and high transmittance in the NIR portion of electromagnetic spectrum. So, essentially in the NIR portion it is the leaves internal structure that controls the reflectance that is leaves do not want to store NIR or leaves do not want to absorb because it is not going to use it most of the users for leaves or most of the energy requirement for leaves comes in the visible portion of the spectrum itself that is why it absorbs a lot of visible portion of EMR reflecting very little but it does not want to store and use NIR with a full efficiency.  So, when NIR enters through a leaf NIR energy enters through a leaf first thing is leaf has a high transmissivity like leaves allow NIR to pass through it it is not going to absorb it when it passes through it will cross the top half of the leaf or the top portion of the leaf then it will enter the portion the lower portion where it also encounters air gaps present air gaps or water it will be present. So, there will be like a change in the medium like we will just go back to the initial part of the classes where I discussed about how EMR will interact with different features like the initial lectures when we discuss about properties of EMR. I told you that when EMR travels from one medium to another medium at the surface that divides medium one and medium two it will undergo reflection that we have already discussed. So, some part may be transmitted inside some part may be absorbed and some part may be reflected and this is what we gave we studied as like reflectance plus transmittance plus absorbance is equal to 1 this is we have already studied. But what we have to remember is when there is like a change in medium a portion of EMR is reflected back and some portion is transmitted inside the medium. If you take leaf absorption is quite low it has lot of reflection and transmittance. So, when let us say this is like a single leaf EMR is going to instant on it. So, what will happen maybe we will go back to the slide where we discussed the internal structure that will be much easier to explain. So, let us say if EMR is coming into it is especially in the NIR portion what will happen is the leaf will allow or leaf will transmit a large portion of EMR and whenever this NIR energy encounters a discontinuity or a change in medium say from a plant cell to like air gap or if it is filled with water whatever it may be it will undergo multiple reflection say from here it may be reflected here it can again be reflected here and it can undergo like this a lot of multiple reflections. So, the leaves internal structure how the cells are oriented within the leaf how the air gaps are oriented within the leaf will cause the energy in the NIR portion to undergo multiple reflection within the leaf and also combining this with high transmittance the leaf after undergoing multiple reflectance will be either reflected totally in the upward direction like some part of it may be reflected again in the top part or some may be reflected or transmitted down to the bottom part. So, essentially what I want to convey is leaf has high transmittance and high reflectance especially in the NIR portion. So, when energy enters into the leaf what will happen is it will transmit through and when it encounters a change in medium that is from leaf cell to air gap or whatever when it encounters a different medium it will undergo multiple it will undergo reflection and because of the random orientation of leaf pigments and leaf air spaces NIR will undergo multiple reflections and finally some fraction of NIR will come out of the top part of the leaf itself giving like a total reflectance some portion of energy will be allowed to transmit completely through the leaf and will be coming out of the bottom part of the leaf. So, essentially what you have to remember is a large portion of NIR is either reflected totally like if you look at a leaf as a whole leaving the internal part away a large portion of EMR will be reflected or transmitted from the leaf this is what you have to remember. So, in this particular lecture we have started discussing about the spectral reflectance property of vegetation especially of a leaf we have covered the reflectance property in the visible portion and we have started discussing about the NIR portion and we will continue this and further topics in the next lecture. Thank you very much.