A cloud of dust and a hardy, high old silver, the lone ranger. With his faithful Indian companion Toto, the masked rider of the planes led the fight for law and order in the early western United States. The stories of his strength and courage, his daring and resourcefulness have come down to us through the generations. And nowhere in the pages of history can one find a greater champion of justice. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. From out of the past and the thundering hoofbeats of the great horse Silver, the lone ranger rides again. More silver! Let's go big folks! 1866. The ominous clouds of war and death that had so recently shadowed the United States still hung over our sister republic of Mexico. Maximilian's French troops moved steadily northward, crushing the resistance of a brave patriot army that fought for freedom and fought beloved president Benito Pablo Juarez. In a small tent near the village of Satio, field headquarters of the republican army, commander-in-chief Mariano Escobedo received bad news. Comandante, what is it, oddly? They dispatched Comandante. The rider just arrived. They dispatched from General Revelle. Revelle, give it to me. Revelle, can it mean that he has been... We'll soon know, General de Est. Well? Monterey has fallen. Monterey? It isn't possible. We better plan to counterattack. The French Marshal Bazin caught the entire command and the crossfire, wiped it out. Revelle defeated. Did you hear that, Colonel O'Reilly? See, I heard. That's what I've been expecting. I think we should ask Bazin for an armistice and come to terms with Maximilian. That is a decision that only Benito Pablo Juarez can make. Our hundred president. And where is Benito Pablo Juarez now? Miles away, safe and secure. Do you think that he would... Wait! I heard horses. Perhaps there is later news from Revelle. Benito Pablo Juarez. Presidente. Can Benito. Senor Juarez. It is good to see you, Senor Juarez. But the news we have for you is not good. Monterey has fallen. See, I know. Dispatcher had to reach me only a few moments ago. What are we going to do, Can Benito? Do the same thing we have done before. Fight a rearguard action and retreat to the north. Fight a rearguard action with what? Broken battalions? No gunpowder? He's right, Senor. We have cannon and shot, but very little gunpowder. Our last shipment from the north. I took every precaution to keep it a secret. But as usual, but say and find out. Therefore, I have already made arrangements for something better than gunpowder. Better? Nitro glycerin. Nitro? What does that, senor Juarez? Evidently, you have not heard of a Swedish scientist named Nobel. Alfred Nobel. You speak in riddles, Don Benito. I'll explain. A few years ago, Alfred Nobel perfected a new explosive. The most powerful the world has ever known. It is an oil made of nitric acid and glycerin. Last month, I learned that Senor Nobel had left Sweden, was in the United States, at San Francisco. So I sent a young countryman of ours to visit him. Countryman? See, a young man who was also a scientist in the chemist. Miguel Alvarado. But, senior president, how do you hope... This morning I received a letter from Miguel Alvarado. I'll read it to you. He writes, Dear Senor President, You will be gratified to learn that my mission was successful. I have arranged with Senor Nobel to purchase the patent rights for manufacture of nitro glycerin in the Republic of Mexico. The new explosive oil is infinitely more powerful than we thought. I will bring a sample of it with me, and meet you as scheduled on the last day of the month in Sonora. Until then, leave for Mexico. Bueno! I don't always to be skeptical, senor Juarez. But how can an explosive as powerful as nitro glycerin be used? To what you say is true, we'll blow our cannon to bits. We can no longer fight as an army. We will disband former guerrilla groups, retreat into the northern mountains. Fighting a rearguard action? With nitro glycerin to destroy bridges and close canyons behind us. Excellent. And I think the use of the new explosive will have another effect on our enemies. What is that, senor? Fear. In my youth as a student, I learned a simple truth in the study of psychology. Fear breeds fear. We'll have sure, right, senor? Listen. French gunfire. And it's coming from the west. That means it will surround us. Come! It is true. You can see the smoke from their cannons. Excuse me. With your permission down beneath you and commandante. Adios. Gias. Are you going to... Attack the French. Begin the rearguard action you spoke about. Vaya condios. Roca! We will follow your orders, senor Presidente. Bueno. I must leave you now because I have a long journey ahead. The day after tomorrow I meet Miguel Alvarado in Sonora. Adios. Down beneath you. One more thing, commandante. The letters from Miguel Alvarado. I must have left it on the table in your tent. Destroy it. Say, senor. I have great faith in this new discovery. Perhaps night will glitter in and the fear it will strike in the hearts of our enemies. They saved Mexico without people. It was less than an hour later when a cavalry officer made his way to the battle lines and reached the command post to the Kili Bazin. Field Marshal of the French Marshal. So no, Mother Charlotte, I bring news. Important news. Well, give it isn't our most important ly a sonocracy in the army of Juarez. Did you see him Carlos? Yes. What is the news?  No, senor Juarez has just left our headquarters. Juarez?  Why didn't you let me know? If I could capture Juarez, the cattle he calls truce with polota. Well, the visit was unexpected. He remained only a few minutes. And what's the news? Speak up. A letter addressed to senor Juarez. He speaks for himself. Let me see it. Hmm. Alfred Nobel. Nitroglycerine. Stop bracing. Something wrong, senor Marshal? Wrong. This. This Nobel. The emperor himself tried to purchase some of these new explosives. Nobel refused. And now? Now he gives it to that payable rival too late. Nitroglycerine. What is that, senor? Oh, he would not understand. Miguel Alvarado. Who is he, you rady? What is mentioned only a young chemist. Let's see. He will be in Sonora the day after tomorrow. Captain Lopez. Yes, senor. Quick. He travels in the province of Sonora. Yes, senor. Here. He has undoubtedly traveled from San Diego to Yuma by stagecoach. He would have to ride a saddle horse after he crosses the line and... Lopez, see? See this point? The main trail from the territory of Arizona to Sonora. See, Marshal. Take a detail of your native militia. Sometime, day after tomorrow, a man named Miguel Alvarado will travel that route. Stop him. Right here would be a good place. But, senor Marshal, his spot you indicate is Echo Canyon. Very dangerous terrain. What's dangerous about it? A favorite place of ambush for Apache-Indian rides. Oh, I'm not interested in apaches. I want Miguel Alvarado. Brought back here alive. See, it shall be done, Marshal. If a half-witted Indian named Juarez can buy the formula for nitroglycerin, I certainly can't steal it. Two days passed. On the afternoon of the second day, the lone ranger in Toronto rained up their horses on a high trail about Echo Canyon.  Well, we'll rest the horses for a few minutes, tunnel. Ah. Son, plenty heartin'. Quimacabi. What is it? See you on trail, bottom of canyon. Well, a right pony. Yes, I see. Nothing unusual in there. Look. Behind, tunnel. 20 men ride hard. Look like soldiers. Oh, yeah. You're right, tunnel. Uniforms mean French troops who have no reason or right to be on the side of the line. You think maybe they... Oh, look. They're open fire. They're gaining on him. I wonder why he doesn't try to get to the other top now. Take bottles and saddle bags. I'm gonna throw it. Yes, but I'm afraid it'll take more than a bottle of water. What makes big noise? Me not see. Neither did I. I didn't stop the soldiers. They're still after him. Hello. Huh? This is Echo Canyon. If we ride down from this end, keep behind the brush and do a lot of shooting and yelling, we can make it sound like an Apache war party. Ah, scared soldiers. I hope so. I hope so. I hope so. You cannot count. I hope so. Are you going any further? The horse has winded. The rest of the Nitroblister in is in the other saddlebag. We can't get over it.  Raise your head, big old Alperador. On one big wave. I'm delaying. Oh. How did you know that I... I mean, know my name? The military intelligence of his magistrate's army knows many things. Well, you... there's no right to stop me here. This is sort of the United States. United States of America. The United States of America. The United States of America. The United States of America. The United States of America. The United States of America. Here by the size of us. The United States of America. Never mind, we won't be here at long. The road is less than a mile away. Pepe Chicos... Hey, captain! By the the end of Mr. Alperador to his saddle, he will ride ahead of us. See you later, sergeant! Get him! Get him! Get him! Move the bandages! We can go out and we are wearing a mask. There must be a thousand mitches behind you. We're out of cellular, captain! Forget your prisoner! Oh, no, nothin'! No, you're wrong. I'm not a bandit. The Apaches. What did we came up with? There aren't any Apaches. That's my friend and myself. I thought... I mean, I heard... The same thing the soldiers thought they heard. A lot of echoes. Echoes? I can't believe it.  Help me.  Oh, I'm curious to know what caused the explosion. I saw you throw some kind of a bomb and I wanted... Not any of it. I threw a flask of nitroglycerin. I think I've heard about nitroglycerin. It's more, isn't it? See, I have two more flasks in my saddlebag. Senor, you're an outlaw. Why did you help us? I'm an American. I helped you because I disliked foreign troops invading any part of our country. You can understand how we feel below the border. You belong to the Army of Juarez? I am a Patriot, Senor. I'm a Patriot. Those troops trailing you, it might be a good idea to take a different route into Mexico. Do you know of such a route? Otto and I were on our way to see a friend of ours. Partly of a mission a few miles from here. Why not ride with us? Stop there for supper. You mean you would... I shall be honored, Senor. Good. We'll head for the mission now. You fool! You plunder fool! With soldiers like you, it's no wonder the French troops are needed in each country. But it wasn't my fault, Senor Marshal. We were ambushed by a party of Apache Indians, all the rest of them. So your men plan and run like fright and raven? We were outnumbered and the Apaches were led by a gringo avoiding a mess. Indian black mess? What are you? Man or capital? Cadeno Pes, you will double the number of your troops. Return to the border. Search every foot of it. See, Marshal. Bring back Miguel Alvarado and the dead are alive. The same order applies to the outlaw with the black mask.  See, Marshal. It shall be done. The curtain falls on the first act of our own ranger story. Before the next exciting scene, please permit us to pause for just a few moments. To continue our story. It was just after sunset when the lone ranger, Tonto and Miguel Alvarado arrived at the Padres mission. Will you stay with the horses, Tonto? Grayle, I'll wait for you inside. Ah. Oh, wait. You'd better take your saddlebags and with us. Grayle? Hey, wise precautions, senor. I'll carry them. Hilbert, go on. I was just preparing the evening meals. If you'll excuse me, it won't take long. Certainly, buddy. We can rest here for a while, Miguel. Wait a minute. Senor, I'll confess, I'm still baffled by the whole experience. Is that so? Who are you? Why do you wear that mask? Why did you risk your life to help someone you had never seen before? Well, the mask and who I am isn't important. I've already told you the reason for what I did in Echo Canyon. That amazes me, too. How did you know that eight or ten soldiers heavily armed would turn and run when they heard the cries of the imaginary Indians? I didn't know for sure. But I didn't know there have been many Apache raids in Echo Canyon. Most people, even soldiers, are afraid of it. They made use of their fear. That's all. Make use of fear? I've heard senior waterists speak almost the same words. The simple fact of human psychology. If more people realize that the greatest fear is fear itself, there'd be less unhappiness in the world. I can't believe it. A masked outlaw discussing psychology. I really know very little about it. But the boundary has some excellent books on the subject. One over there at the end of the shelf, another window, but I think... Keep it, sonny. Hello, what's wrong? We see plenty of soldiers around the trail. They come both ways. Soldiers? That means... I can see from the window whether or not... It's all right. I must be searching every ranch on farmhouse who are in the middle. Soldiers are coming. Yes, I know, Padre. We'll have to work fast. But it's impossible to hold off an entire cavalry troop. It's me, they want. I should do it. You're right over here at the canyon. You told me that getting that night for Glishman to Juarez was the most important thing in the world to you. It is. But you're not a citizen of Mexico. This isn't your fight. Only fight for freedom is mine. Padre, you go out to the courtyard. Hold them off with talk as long as you can. Yes, my son. Miguel, make your jacket and hat here. There's a room with the back of the mission only a few feet from the stable. Wait there until you hear the soldiers come in here and get on your horse and ride. But how? I mean... One more thing. You better pour the nightgrip Glishman into another bottle. Leave the flasks there in the kitchen. I will do that. Lucky thing you and I are about the same weight in size. Sir, you're not going... Hurry up, Miguel. There's no time to lose. I'll be your order, sir. Why your content? Ah, Toto, help me with the disguise. I mean the savvy. I've got to be, Miguel. Alvarado with the time the soldiers get in here. My mission is just a humble place of worship, señor. How could I possibly know?  We will search Adobe Shack and see for ourselves. Corporal, bring him in. Say, Capitán... You can see there is no one looking for someone, Capitán. Alvarado! Miguel Alvarado! You are under arrest. That isn't my name. But I would argue with a gun. Mientes. Depe Chico, hold him. Hey, Capitán. We find the young rebel who would carry the gun. We find the young rebel who would carry nice old glycerin to Juarez hiding in a church like a frightened mouse. Just a minute, and I'll tell you. No, I'm afraid you don't, Captain. Not this time. Ah, you lie. Where is the nice glycerin? Why should I know? Chico, 30th place. It's an evil-smelling yellow-colored oil, probably in a bottle. That is what he threw at us in the canyon. See? I have Chico has a proper respect for nice new glycerin. See? It doesn't know the difference between royalists and rebels.  Here, Capitán. That's my model I find in the kitchen. There are traces of yellow oil. And he has destroyed it. With this proof, do you still deny you are Miguel Alvarado? Yes, I do. Very well. I will save further questions until later. We leave at once for the military prison at Canaya. Guard your prison of cobras. Yes, Captain. March. How can we help him, Tonto? He does not know. Tonto thinks this time nobody can help Mask Man.  I will follow them to the prison at Canaya. Maybe they will let me see him. Ah, you wait here. But there must be something we can do, my son. I will go to this French malachal bizarre, or to Maximilian himself and appeal for mercy. I'm afraid it wouldn't do any good, Padre. You heard what the guard just told me. Order for my execution, it's been delivered. They can't execute you.  I'll go to the consulate. Well, there isn't time for that. Besides, I'm here under the name of Miguel Alvarado. Why, my son? Must your life be the forfeit? So there'll be natural glistening for warriors. Why, why did you do it? I admit my scheme didn't work out so well. I thought Captain Lopez would take me to the marshal. That would have given me time to plan an escape. No. Apparently, nothing but a firing squad. Oh, if there were only something, some way... Wait, I just thought of... Is there still time for you to go to the mission and get back here before daybreak? I can't bring in any weapons. The guard searched me. It isn't a gun that I want. Listen, Padre, listen carefully. What mask man say? He wants you to return with me, Tonto. Bring Silver and wait near the south side of the prison. Ah.  No, that is impossible. He asked me to bring only one thing. And what that? A book. The last one on the shelf under the window. And he wants it wrapped in brown paper. I have it here. Book. Me not savvy. Nor do I. But it's almost daybreak. We must hurry. Come. Alvarado. Excuse me, my son. They won't allow me to go into the room with you. Yes, I know, Padre. Don't worry about me. Just hope. I will pray with all my heart. Corporal. Eh? I have saw this the last hours of many condemn men. With your permission, may the prisoner carry this small book with him. Paper books will ask that bullet. Here. Thank you, Padre. Marge. Alvarado. In nomine, Padre. Excuse me. That's the servitor's sign, too. Oh! Well, Captain. Well, no. Line up your men, corporal. We get this over with. See. Well, Michuel Alvarado. What have you to say? Nothing. A blindfold for your eyes, perhaps. So you won't see the death that will speak from these four eyes. No. Thank you. Stand against your firewalls. Michuel Alvarado. My commanding officer orders me to extend these offers. Deform your love for explosives you have memorized. Give it to the imperial government and your life will be spared. I have nothing to say. Then we wait precious time. What? Just a moment, Captain Lopez. Well? I do have one thing to say. You're actually kidding the wrong man. What? You are Michuel Alvarado? Oh. I am not. If you lie. It's the truth. And who would you ever believe you are, senor? You might say I'm, well, an amateur psychologist. Psychologist. A man about to die, a threat of about science. Ready? And there's something else I forgot to mention. Have you noticed this flat package I have in my hand? Package? The book, Captain. The priest gave it to him. He brought the book of prayer. It might be. But it isn't. Remember the flat bottle you found at the mission? It had contained nitroglycerin, a very powerful explosive. You discovered yesterday in the canyon. Remember? The book you have has nothing to do with it. No. The same shape and size, Captain. That's wrapped in brown paper, that's all. You mean it is a bottle filled with... You're blocking. The slightest jar sets off nitroglycerin. I don't believe it. I don't believe it. There's one sure way to prove it. Go ahead and shoot. I can't hold this after I'm dead. If none of your bullets strike it, it will fall on the stone floor, Captain. You... Hand me that knife. You better stay where you are. I might drop it. You can't blow it. Why don't you give orders to shoot, Captain? I'm ready. Don't you...  This much nitroglycerin will blow the whole prison a hundred feet into the air. I... Ready? And... No, no, Captain. You're the killing of one rebel who has a sacrifice of our life. He's bluffing, maybe not. He has explosive oil today. I refuse to shoot.  I'll have every one of you caught, my property. Better that than being blown to bits. You're talking good common sense. I congratulate you. I...  Why risk it, Captain? You... Alison Coffey, I'll tell you what I'm going to do. I'll walk across the room, open that door, and walk out. Any of you make a move or try to stop me, I'll drop this little flat package.   One second, sir. Why should I take it with me? As I close the door, I'll just pop it into the air like this. What is it? It didn't... The door! After that, man! The door is locked from the other side, Captain. Look! Look! It was a book, a drawer. Nothing but a book. Father told the truth. Gringo, I'm very fooled, I seem to be thinking it. Let me see that. Eh... What is it? I cannot read it. It's Gringo English. All it says on the first page is this. A lesson in applied psychology. Third is a copyrighted feature of the Lone Ranger Incorporated.


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The Little Falls Convention and Visitors Bureau is bringing a new flair to their downtown through community initiatives. Arlogan Gay has more. The city of Little Falls downtown was going through a period of decline. On the outside downtown didn't look you know I like it it didn't look too bad but there was a lot of empty shops and kind of like windows that were dark all the time. Until community members teamed up to bring new life to their downtown. And we received a grant from the initiative foundation the city of Little Falls did and it was for community projects to revitalize downtown and all of a sudden I thought it's coming together. Part of the new revitalization initiative includes beautifying the city and using strategically placed historical pictures. We have window clings and it's like a form of an old black and white photograph of Little Falls in some way and then I put it on windows so you can see out when you're inside the restaurant but you can't see in. And to further drive tourism and create a memorable shopping experience local businesses teamed up to create a pop-up shop called shops of Little Falls. We're a downtown revitalization project and what that means in a nutshell is that our 40 plus vendors here are all local artists and craftspeople and our goal is to help them be successful in growing their own business and to eventually hopefully move some of them into some of our other empty storefronts. So far Little Falls has seen one of the most successful summers it's had in years. The month of August was bigger than it has ever been since we started in 1999 and I was amazed and I say to myself all of our lodging places were full our bed and breakfast was full all of our even our motels were full and Little Falls Logan Gay Lakeland News. The Little Falls Convention and Visitors Bureau will be hosting a walking tour for people interested in exploring new business opportunities in the 12 empty downtown locations. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


It's a little windy today, there's a lot of gusts here and there, it's a little scary to fly over these jumps, so everybody gets to have fun and yeah, just get to session these fun little rails and half pipe walls that haven't gotten to be hit too much, so that's what today's kind of about, just shredding with all the homies. It's North Carolina dude, well today is Dan Breezy that's for sure, did you know? Show it for the Redbook camp? Hey, that's all the guy does, did you see him riding yesterday? He'll be on the jumps any more this week, I think I'm just gonna be shooting. But uh, how's my stance? Just for like chilling, you know, between riders. That's a pretty good stance, where's your power stance though, like when you're really in the moment? Full lunge, you know? Brock, you went 9g-ball on it. Yeah, I said I'd give him the G if he goes for a 9. I know he can do it too. I was gonna blow up in the chunder down there. Should we go home? Yeah, should we go home? Hey, that's a good one, did it awesome. We all switch positions, Luke's taking photos. Yeah, Grassy's boarding. I'm f***ing surfing. Brock's tweaking. Nah, he tweaking.


Welcome to the last set news to get top stories in crypto and bring them out of bite-sized pieces today Just the thumbnail suggests there's some pretty huge news and I'll ask you relate to Mastercard as they bring in Cryptocurrency to all of their merchants and their banks as far as their payment network. So we'll take a look what's going on there I'll take a look at a nice little story about Elon does it again and tries to sink a certain cryptocurrency But it bounces right back then we'll talk about Janet Yellen the head of the CFTC She talks about unrealized tax gains, which is a catastrophe if this goes through and then we'll just do a quick updates on The 100% free website Dan teaches crypto.com. But first let's take a look at what's going on the market today It is Monday. We made it through the weekend and we're here on a Monday Maybe it might be actually a non-dump day We'll see because sometimes it goes into Tuesday, but so far we're looking pretty good market caps up 2.6 2.7 trillion Depending on where you look at the Bitcoin price itself was around 63,000 so not too bad It's like every time we hit 60,000 this weekend. I just got gobbled right back up by the bulls So looking pretty good and then bitcoins up the theorems up is ending down I think that's a big question doge is down by half percent No big no big thing there 10% up for chain link as they had a nice little announcement with the Associated Press teaming up with them 7.7 blah blah blah Shiba Inu up 17%. Wow and 8% in the last hour or so So yeah, it looks like it's pretty good day so far for all crypto holders I think everybody or most everybody in this whole Bitcoin is in profit So we'll take just real quick just to take a look at some on-chain analysis a little TA Looks like we've got this nice little pattern forming as everything is going up We're not we're not in the overbought territory yet as far as the RSI goes But you can see that if we take a look at the Bollinger bands everything is within that range and again over the weekend as things Dipped to around the 60,000 just got eaten back up eaten up 60,000 eaten eaten and then we're looking pretty good As far as the MACD conversions conversions divergence everything's looking okay So right now, but I think we could trade like this for you know 64 65 for a while But still looking pretty positive on top of that we'll take a look at what's going on as far as long and short This is why BYBT and it's amazing to me I was I was putting this video together and it takes me hours to do it But as I was looking at the the 15 minute mark I saw a bunch of longs come through like 5 and 15 30 minute mark and now over the last If we just scale out 12 hours and 4 hours nearly that it's pretty even and I think what was going on Well partially what was going on was that with the NFTs? I mean NFTs the ETFs so many acronyms With the ETF as far as like pro shares which did really hot the first day And then just took a slide then was trading sideways and then dumped again I'm not dumped but pulled back whatever you want to call it's actually a dump because it went below its original price And then just traded sideways then this morning as we got up and everything starts getting going on October 25th Nice little nice little pump and then here we are right here. So everybody's pretty ecstatic, but it's still at 40.8 to it's roughly where it started out on October 20th Even if we peeled back and then also the second Bitcoin futures ETF, which is a btf from Valkyrie That ones did not do well in its initial debut and just kind of slid down Traded sideways then this morning again goes right up and we're also waiting for the for the van neck Bitcoin features ETF to get going haven't heard it should happen this week But I haven't seen what's going on. So we we take a look the ETFs I think that could play in a part of why you know people like hey, you know what? I feel pretty good about what's going on then also of course Pi cycle top indicator Just so everybody knows this was I was correct. I was corrected on this This was actually created after the fact and it's been right once as people tell me so We can see here that it just predicts when the the lattice the latest top-out time. So April 13th I predict the top didn't really predict we went back but at the top here 2017 Nailed the top here and what this is is the 111 day moving average crossing over the 350 Day moving average times two and then the last one that we had and it predicted it accurately Was April when we topped out around 63,000 or so, but you see this this nice little dip here That's the 111 day moving average like a big belly kind of comes down and then it starts to go up We've got a long way to run Before we start to hit the top because look we're at right now Barely going up. So I see some big things and I I'm hopeful for the future But again, I've always said it I've said it before I'll say it again September was a bad month Let's just it was October was the turnaround and I'm waiting for November December to just be fireworks anyhow Let me think about the comment section. Let's get to today's top story also before we do that You may have noticed that in the top left hand corner Got a new little piece right here from unstoppable domains Just so you know if you want to they are getting going with their dot wallet So you can buy every types of thing that you want to as far as for unstoppable domains for the NFTs For to actually have like your name or for a website as far as like web 3 goes So instead of having this is why I got it I I use unstoppable domains for two reasons first of all I was around for the dot-com bubble And I knew that a lot of people just bought a bunch of dot-com Addresses and just held on to it So I thought I'll just buy a bunch of those types of things when web 3 gets around I use unstoppable domains for that The second reason is because I hate sending people this long hash of my Bitcoin address Or my Ethereum address or whatever else with unstoppable domains You can take that big long address and just turn it down to like mine is like Dan teaches crypto And they just send pretty much whatever cryptocurrency you want to that address and it just goes there super simple super easy now they've got the dot wallet and Yeah, you can sign up for that and see if you get like something pretty pretty easy like I don't know Peggy Dot Peggy dot wallet or Joe dot wall or something like that. And he has a link in the description. You can check that out Now let's get on to our first piece mastercard. So This is pretty big and I think it's big because every little bit helps and I think this is even a not even a little bit I think it's a big thing. So what's going on here? Mastercard says that any bank or merchant on its vast network can offer crypto services and Just to break it down into two paragraphs. This is what it this is pretty much what it is thousands of banks and Millions of merchants on its payment network can soon integrate crypto into their product. Let me say it again thousands of banks thousands of banks and millions of merchants on the mastercard network can integrate crypto into their products. I think I Mean It's just amazing how far things have come I remember in 2017 we were nowhere near this and now here we are we've got mastercard running their running their fit Running their show. We've got visa doing the same type of thing with crypto currencies. We've got banks We've got JP Morgan getting into the game. We've got fidelity. Well, we had fidelity before we've just got all these different I mean heck we've even got a couple of countries Using it for their legal tender. I mean it just doesn't get much better than this and it couldn't come at a better time Also on top of that just so you know This includes Bitcoin wallets credit and debit cards that earn rewards in crypto and enable digital assets to be spent and loyalty Programs where airline or hotel points can be converted into Bitcoin So just so you know visa and mastercard here and throughout the world They are essentially the big players and this is from Statista comm Forecast of leading payment cards United States in 2023 right now in 20. Well 2021 is not over so 2020 as far as the Payment volume you're looking at around 800 to a trillion for mastercard around 2 trillion for visa And this is what they project in just a couple of short years 2.2 trillion for mastercard and 5 trillion for visa So if they're doing all these transactions, of course, they're making a pretty good amount of money Just from this when they start to offer this up to all their banks that work with mastercard and visa and all of the merchants that work With mastercard and visa how far do you think this could go again? This is a step in the right direction and every little piece that we can get Into people's consciousness of crypto. I think so much the better and then lastly this article talks about they partnered up with backed and backed if you don't know there are the It was started up the international the international content looks change or ice Which is the sister corporation in New York Stock Exchange backed is one of their offsprings I guess you can call it and it's like a super wallet I downloaded it myself, but I couldn't even get past the security questions So I couldn't even use it, but I know it looks cool Let's see if it works out, but you got crypto trading you got rewards which I think is pretty cool You can have like your hotel and chase and and mileage and stuff like that just right there And then you can get crypto back like Bitcoin back You can send payments crypto and cash on the same thing gift cards and stuff and whatever else and you can download right now And play around with it. I use it for like I said a second I couldn't get past the challenge question. So I'm like either I'm Really not that good at these challenges to get past it or just didn't work too hot Anyhow, that's what we have in that little piece. Let me know what you think in the comment section Let's move on to our second one where Elon Musk does it again, but it really didn't matter And this is the most interesting part. I thought so This is a tweet from sheeba, you know whole hodler He says hey Elon Musk, how much she but are you holding? He just says none and of course as soon as he said none It dropped by like I want to say eight or ten percent just like that Just because of Elon Musk's tweet was not amazing However, it really didn't matter because as we took a look at the price action. Sheeba, you know, let me see here Is up by five percent an hour Seven let me put this in here 17 percent in the last 24 and seven days. That's up 45 doesn't matter So like I said in the last hour, it's still up five percent and 24 at 17 percent So it's an amazing thing that Elon Musk Tweets out something and he still has a little bit of pull. But again, like I said the sheeba, you know Community is strong enough to pull them all back. However, this is probably the last time I talk about sheeba We talked about it yesterday and I know people were like well Some people hate it and some people love it and I I don't really care. I mean, it's it's just an investment There's no there should be no motion attached to it. It's just it's a nothing. It's just something you do So the only thing I did was I just did a quick search on etherscan and I just put out like, hey, there's this Uh, I don't like the top 100 tokens or 100 uh wallets. It's like 82 percent of the entire uh supply and then You can go to etherscan right now and just find the token sheeba, you know And then underneath here if you wanted to do this yourself. See where it says, where am I? Uh holders right here when you click on that It shows you All the top holders and who has what now this one right here this black hole I guess this is where they they go to burn. They burned a ton of different uh a ton of I guess it's a burn. That's what people have told me. That's what I've read Uh that it goes there and just never escapes. It's like just goes away So like 41 of the one quadrillion yet. That's right. It's a quadrillion It's just gone But then if you take a look see this little button right here It says token holders chart in the upper left hand corner if you click on that It'll give you a breakdown of all the different wallets and you can see here the top 100 holders Collectively own 81 but what's even crazier is if you go to like the top 25 and click on that Um the top 25 holders own 78 percent And of course if you take away this wallet, which is like 40 you still got a big boat load I mean, that's a lot of shiba to hold for just this amount and for me Like I know people will say but rob you don't understand. It has a dex. That's great. It's got a dex Uh, but it's still based on a theorems in the rc20 token and that means that the gas prices are high But rob you don't understand because they're gonna have their own main net. They're gonna move over to uh an l2 Token just like polygon and the fees are gonna be low. That's great But you gotta You gotta compete with all the difference. Uh, player two solutions and then you have to you know build like that for me This isn't my play. This may be your play and this is the only the last time I talk about it So good luck to all these shiba holders. That's all I got. All right, so Finishing up two more things and this one will go pretty quickly Oh man, janet yellen She's the uh head of the cftc and this is what she said I'm not even gonna play it basically. I'm gonna let you watch it. I'm gonna link this in there But all she said is this we're looking at doing taxes for the unrealized tax gains What does that mean if you buy a stock or a security or a crypto at $100 and it goes up to 150 You may 50 bucks even if you don't sell it at the end of the year They're saying it's an unrealized tax gain and they will still tax you on it Uh, I know this this sounds like a joke, but it's not a joke and they're like, that's what we're gonna do So you're gonna it's gonna it's just stupid. It's uh, it's going to um Really force people to stop being investors and really just hold on to cash Where it just gets eroded away by inflation. So janet on this video to be fair She just she just talks about well This is for the high net worth individuals the billionaires and she goes It's not a wealth tax, but we're taxing the wealthy and like what okay, and uh, of course, she also talks about how If you're a billionaire you pass away you leave it off to your to your heirs Right now the way that it works is that when the heirs get it when the family gets whatever assets that you Passed on to them. It's at that value Like let's say they have a a million dollar house and it passes over and you bought that house for $100,000 It went to a million you would have been taxed on 900,000, but if you pass on to your heirs Uh, after you pass away Then it's just valued at a million and then they get taxed of if it goes up or down So she's saying even at that point, which is like a death tax just like this is what we're gonna do Again, I think this is a lot of posturing and you're gonna hear a lot about this moving forward I just don't see how they could possibly bring this forward even to the super wealthy because here's Here's a newsflash The super wealthy don't play with the same rules that you and I do So all they're gonna do is they're gonna put it into a trust and say, I don't own that Are they gonna put it into a c-corp or an s-corp an offshore account? I don't know that that's part of that's part of the company and it's gonna trickle down to Just the straight-up individual investors who made a lot of money and be like now pay us No, we can't pay you the problem is that you spend too much and you guys keep printing and that's the problem So, um, that's just a little quick little rants about what's going on. Let me just think about that in the comments That'll be caliente. I'm sure when you talk about it. But uh, yeah, we'll see how it all goes and lastly Uh, Dan teaches crypto So the 100 free website's doing great We've got a lot of signups lately and because we've had we've had over 20,000 plus signups Because I mean it's free. It's good information. Uh, the thing is though, uh, it's slow and it's bog getting bog down by By everybody. So what I've decided to do is to migrate from one server individual Into a pretty powerful more powerful server So it can actually run quickly because time is money and if you want to learn fast That's just how it has to be. So that'll be happening over the next Three to five days.  It's just we're crossing over So we can give this information free and fast And that's it. So look, uh, if you, uh, made it with me all the way the end First thanks, I appreciate it. If you like that video, go ahead and give it a thumbs up That helps tremendously consider subscribing because a lot of things are going to come super fast In the next couple months, but that's it for today. So thanks so much. I appreciate it. See you in the next one


This is a democracy, and by all means we need to recognize that we have disagreements and differences of opinion But at the same time we had to recognize that there's things that we agree on and When we do agree we had to get together and we've done that We did it earlier in the session on medical marijuana. We got together It was a bipartisan thing very conservative Republican very liberal Democrats. We all got together We got together on addressing Education in the last two years we put more money into education at all levels than I think any two-year period of Pennsylvania history we did that together. That wasn't a Democratic or Republican. We did that together We we reformed the liquor system. We addressed the structural budget deficit We've done a lot of good things together and the opioid crisis is one of those where this is not a Republic or a Democratic issue. It's not an issue affecting senators or representatives. It's a Pennsylvania issue We've all collectively come to the point where we have some good bills I think in in the legislature. We just need to get them to my desk sign them in the law


You know what I realized over the years is that a lot of artists have a really hard time with comparing themselves to other music artists and I used to not get it but now I kind of do right like you don't want to let their artists influence your musical decisions maybe you don't want to box yourself in or just start to get discouraged because you're looking at these artists and that's fine when it comes to the creative process but when it comes to music marketing everything starts with having an idea of whose music fans will resonate with you and that does require you to think of yourself inside of a box while I think of yourself in comparison to other artists um and other sounds so you can figure out what direction to push yourself in and if you're one of those artists that does have a hard time doing that then what I'm going to do in this video is give you some really practical easy tips that you can do to start to better create a targeted artist list so your marketing can become a one top tier super saucy and you can find those music fans that you're looking for and if you're new to the channel my name is kory i'm a music marketer co-founder of country brand agency we work with artists like 24k golden nick d alexa capelli macy gray tom the mailman and a bunch of other really dope artists and my goal is to give out all the marketing sauce that I can so that you can make your music dreams an actual reality now with that being said let's go ahead and get into the video so tip number one is to ask people around you that's right super simple ask people whose musical opinions you trust who does your music make them think of right so what I would do is I would play them the song that you want to market and just go like hey bro like who is this song that you think of and as you're doing this take notes of artist names that come up a lot right so if you ask five different people who do you sound like or who does your music make them think of and all five people say call that black and call that black needs to be in your target artist list right if all five people say Olivia Rodrigo or drake then Olivia Rodrigo and drake need to be in your target artist list the benefit of this is that music consumers don't think about comparing artists the same way that artists think about comparing artists right like it's a little offensive to you guys at times but music consumers naturally do it right like we naturally put people in those boxes so if you have people around you that aren't thinking about music from an artist perspective but are thinking about it from a consumer perspective then they can become a really good go-to source for getting those recommendations on who you should be targeting now I did say take notice of the names that come up a lot but also just take notice of any names that these people say right these names may become artists that you put on your supplemental target artist list and maybe people who you just try a little marketing here and there so that fan makes you see how people resonate with and it may help you feel out that list much better because once again music consumers are really easily able to compare artists to each other in a way that music artists typically aren't able to so use your friends your families your little cousins your aunties your mom as a resource in that regard so that you don't have to think about it too hard now tip number two is to use a tool called chart metric then chart metric is a data analysis tool I've talked about it on this channel before it's really popular with music marketers and labels and publishers and people who just really like to see data and see a lot of things from the back end so what I'm going to do is actually go into chart metric and show you how you can use it to help you build out your target artist list so what you're going to do is you're going to log into chartmetric.com um creating an account if you don't have one if you do just log into it and then once you're here you want to go and search out artists that you do have a good idea of that you think their fans will like your music this can come from tip number one where you've been asking people around or if you just have a good idea you understand already then you can start with them um another tip that I don't know where it fits in this video so I'm just going to give it now is think about your own musical influences most artists that I know their music is usually a combination of artists that they like right so if I hear artists that likes like Travis Scott I don't know like Gucci and like Olivia Rodrigo their music tends to be a really weird mix of like all the stuff that they like right so think about it that way if it's if you have a hard time um comparing yourself or if you don't have friends for whatever reason to ask their opinion on think about who you like as a music consumer and then start from there but assuming that you do have an artist that you know you can compare yourself to what I want you to do is I want you to come into chartmetric and then search their artists out so I'm going to do SZA just because she's already right here and once you're in chartmetric you'll see a little artist profile where you're able to see like all their streaming growth all their social growth um you can see like what positions they are on certain charts but the section I want you to pay the most attention to is the fans also like section up here in the top right right so if you look at scissors you can see they have Kalani, Jena'iko, Her, Ella May, Summer Walker, Kali Uchis, Georgia Smith, T'nache and a bunch of really other cool r&b artists that um the data is starting to associate her and her music with so if you're someone that's building got a little bit of ground zero you can look at your target artist list and then start to go look at who their social platforms and their streaming data are comparing them to and one aggregated place within chartmetric so if I was an r&b artist who felt like SZA was on my targeted artist list but I didn't know where to go from there I will come look at this fans also like section and go like okay cool I should be targeting Kalani, Jena'iko and Her and Ella May and Ser and Victoria Monet and all these other people that are listed out because their worlds overlap so it's going to be a good way for me to pull fans out of that space right but then also get in front of fans through artists who I may have never thought about on my own and you can do this with a bunch of other artists right so if we go type in someone like I don't know let's look at Drake and see who Drake's list is right we can see here that chartmetric is saying his fans also like J. Cole and Migos, Lil Wayne, Future, 21 Savage, Big Sean right a bunch of other like really mainstream rappers so once again if you can at least get a little bit of a targeted artist list put together either through your own thought process um through your friends and family who you're asking or just through however you put it together then chartmetric can become a really easy way for you to put that target artist list together because you can search those artists out come to their fans also like section and then rinse and repeat from there right so I may go like okay cool I'll target Drake fans I should also target J. Cole fans then let me click into J. Cole see who J. Cole is being associated with oh cool Kendra Lamar A-side Rocky Big Sean Two Chainz etc etc right so once again chartmetric can become a really easy way for you to put that list together once you have at least one or two artists to kind of start with now if you're someone that's familiar with chartmetric you know that it is typically a little pricey right it usually starts at $140 a month for the premium plan around 1400 for the year if you want to just drop that back like that um but they have rolled out a new artist plan recently that has made it a lot more affordable and a lot more accessible to the typical indie artist so if you look here on my screen you can see that artist plan is only $10 a month or $100 a year and within that you're able to subscribe up to three artists so this is great for a solo artist that's really only looking to track themselves or if you're like a manager or a label with a small roster then this plan will work for you as well and within it you get most of the basic features oh chartmetric you're able to see the 28 days of historical database um basic data access on on a bunch of artists in the platform and you can use it to put together that targeted artist list that I just talked about um for really cheap right so that's pretty dope I wanted to plug that I'll link to chartmetric in the description below if there's something that you want to check out it's a tool that me and my marketing team use a lot to build targeted artist list for clients when we're running marketing campaigns and it's just gotten a lot of the legwork out the way for it so I recommend it I stand by the 100% check it out if it's something that you can that you can afford and want to budget into your marketing tools and tip number three is actually a little bit of a visualization technique right so you gotta follow me here you gotta stay with me what I want you to do is I want you to close your eyes and I really want you to close your eyes you see mine to close close your eyes right and once you get them closed what I want you to imagine is imagine you're at a concert and you're performing for an artist that is much bigger than yourself what artist would that be where you feel like their crowd wouldn't boo you right so for example if Taylor Swift were to open up for a Kodak Black I'm 100% sure that crowd would boo her you know it would get ugly in the venue and it just wouldn't make sense and the same thing would probably happen if you flipped it if Kodak Black open for Taylor Swift their crowd would probably boo him you know what I'm saying like and it wouldn't make sense so think about it this way right think about what artists would you be able to open up for at a show or a concert or a festival and you feel like their fan base will resonate really well with you this has been a visualization technique that I get a lot of my clients to do especially the ones who have a hard time comparing themselves to other artists and it usually works right like most artists you have an idea of like whose crowd you would love to go perform in front of and that's no different than thinking about whose artist do I want to market myself to so I can pull fans away from their fan base this is the exact same concept so use that technique it works you know I'm saying if the other two don't work really well if you just think about it who could I perform for or perform and open for and their crowd wouldn't boo me off the stage and make me feel bad and go home and cry at night so there it is guys those are my three tips on how you can put together a better targeted artist list especially for those of you who have a hard time comparing yourselves to other artists who have a hard time putting yourself in the box and and just using that to move in in a good direction and like I said like creating that target artist list is where most marketing campaigns start I don't know what to do or where to run the ads or what influence to use if I don't have a good idea of like whose fan base we're trying to tap into and no matter how big or small of an artist you are you're always going to need to target the artist list because there's always somebody out there with fans that you want you understand that you want to come listen to your music and music fans are complex bro there's overlap you understand so don't look at it like oh just because um you know I make trap rap music but I make it kind of poppy they're like 21 savage fans wouldn't like me they might you won't know that until you start running the marketing and you know put them on your target artist list anyway and see what happens from there other than that if you like this video please like and subscribe share this with somebody that you feel like needs to hit his information and then also let me know what is your target artist list look like who do you have on your top five your top 10 what artists have produced good results for you and your marketing campaigns drop in the comment section below I would love to check it out and see how you guys are already thinking about your music marketing campaigns with that being said once again my name is Cory and I'll see y'all next time


Hello party people, welcome to the chaos west stage. The next talk is held by Tom twiddle bit The one or the other person may know Tom twiddle bit. I think I just should hold the micro in there and then interesting things happened, so I Will try to bridge the time shortly. This is a self-organized session You can bring your papers and hold your project or King that you have here on stage. We We put it on the media CCC You can show it around So this stage is made for you basically and it's so well-loved that we don't have and we do have a few slots left So thank you very much community everybody of you here to make this Congress so special and add your your personality to it, too So Tom links. Are you ready? You finished your discussions? English English So please dear audience applause for Tom twiddle bit and the fourth programming language Thank you very much. I hope that in half an hour you will give me a hand as well I Have always been in a minority position in the chaos Environment because I have been I am a force programmer since 1980 And I'm so happy with the language that I never felt Any need to use something else for the things I'm doing and I will relate to this to you Why this is the case and I will take a very unusual and angle in that respect Where it comes from? I mean that is not controversial it was developed by Charles Moore in the 1960s and Over a period of 10 years he experimented with different concepts and it all started Because he was programming an IBM 26 something using punched cards of course in the 1960s and he had different what we would now call subroutines every subroutine was a card deck and In he was looking for a mechanism to pass arguments from one card deck and the programs to the next card deck and the programs and This is why he wound up with a data stack So the first program was running left its argued its results on the data stack and then the next card deck would pick up The parameters under the data stack and process them further So that is one of the constituents of the force programming which Then after this this Period of 10 years when he came to a version of his Personal programming environment that in retrospect he called this then was false He used an assembler on some mini computer. I think it was a variant and He wanted to call it fourth Because this was a time when everybody was talking about the third generation of languages and he wanted to leapfrog all of that But then unfortunately the assembler only accepted five letter identifiers and so the you had to go and It became false the programming language is based on a conceptual model of a CPU and This is basically the conceptual model. You have a data stack You have the two top items of the data stack which Have a special role if you think in hardware they would be registers The top of stack and the next of stack and the top of stack and next of that feed the ALU for binary arithmetic I mean with two arguments and the result goes back into the top of stack and Then there is a return stack because we want to do subroutine calls and returns and There is this little path on the left Where you can exchange data between the return stack and the data stack which comes in handy Sometimes I get into that later and then of course the program counter is connected to the return stack and Why I wrote this error to the memory, I don't know this is not necessary, but Basically the data stack is also connected to the data memory and you can store and retrieve results there That is very conventional. What is unconventional that instead of a register file? we just have a stack and everybody of you who ever use the Original you lit pocket Calculators knows how you operate do arithmetic on a stack Post that is called post fix notation or post fix operation And the data stack is the parameter storage used for evaluation of expressions All operators and functions take their parameters from and leave the results on the stack fourth words and Why they are called words I will come to that in a minute what you usually would call functions Do not have parameter lists So you don't need the opening parent and then this that comma and another parameter closing parent No, they just use the stack as parameter exchange and so This is one of the drawbacks of force You do not name the parameters the parameters are just there and The programmer has to take care that the parameters are really there in the order needed by the next word you call Just to make an example Arithmetic operations you put a one on the stack you put a two on the stack you do a plus and And then you put a three on the stack and you multiply and The dot is the print operator and the result is nine Because one plus two is three and three times three is nine. So this is exactly how the you lit packet Calculators used to operate manipulating the stack so The difference between a register Oriented machine and a stack oriented machine is not as big as you might think in both cases you have the difficulty that your Parameters that you need in order to call a function are not in the order that you need them in a register machine You have to exchange registers on a stack machine You have to Reorder the parameters on the stack and you have a couple of operations to do that Let me explain This notation here between the prance Before the dash dash that's the number and Semantics of the operator before the operation then comes the operation and At the right side you see the result. So the doop just duplicates an item on the stack The drop throw the way an item on the stack the swap exchanges the tools to stop items on the stack and the rot is I mean goes down to the third Operation parameter on the stack and then the minus rod is exactly the opposite of the rod Now you might start wondering Why is minus rod a valid name? Because Most programming languages would say aha. This is the minus followed by a rod not so in force. I Will jump ahead here Now this is too bad. I don't quite remember my Presentation and again, I keep in water so This was the things happening on the rich on the data stack now We also have the second stack the return stack and The return stack is primarily used to store return addresses of a word for a word or a function call and It also serves as a storage location for loop indices and therefore It is very easy in force to nest loops because if you are inside a loop and you do a call then Automatically the old loop index gets pushed on the read further down on the return stack and then you can do your Word and the return read automatically retrieves the loop index In addition the returns that can be used as a temporary Data storage to get some parameters out of the way which are currently not being used the interpreter Force is an interactive system that is controlled from the command line. So in that respect it is Similar to Python. It is very similar to list by the way only that this uses infix prefix notation and force uses post traction notation All words are kept in the linked list of word names Associated with compiled code. Now. This is what you conventionally would call The syntax tree Although because it is an interactive system this syntax tree or the dictionary as we call it in force is always present and The way it operates you type in a string of ASCII characters separated by a blank and Then the interpreter goes ahead and looks it up whether it can find the string in the dictionary If it finds the string in the dictionary, then it jumps to the associated executable address If it cannot find the string it tries to convert it into a number According to the setting of the variable base So if you have a two in the base you walk you walk work in binary If you have a 10 there it's decimal if you have a 16 then you work in hexadecimal If it is neither found in the dictionary Nor converted into a number you did a typo and the system says well, I don't know that Defining new words. So how how do you define new words? The basic operator is the colon and then after the colon comes the name of the new word you are defining and Then for and then usually you write a stack comment So you say what do I need before the word starts and what is the stack situation? when the word has finished and So we could define a word for plus that just does before plus intuitively But of course you can do nasty things like for instance you could define colon number two For semi-colon and all of a sudden if you now type in two there would be a four on the stack So that is something you should not do but it's possible So two times. I think it's pretty much self-explanatory You duplicate the n one on the stack and then you Add these two copies of the same number together and that is two times or a shift left Just to give you an idea of How how you program applications in force then Look at we have a washing machine And so this is the washer and the washer washes its pins it rinses and then it spins again and the force compiler is Just a one pass compiler And you do not have forward references. So if you want to make this definition you first have to Define wash spin rinse and spin again and just as an example I mean the definition of rinse could look like fill agitate and drain and Then you further the further you go down The closer you come to the hardware and then in the end you will have Nasty hexadecimal numbers that get stored in some addressable register What makes force so unique and why this is called an extensible language of the fact that newly defined words Exactly on the same level in terms of usability as The core word set we had to start with in the first place So in a sense you could say the force programming language is the assembler of a virtual machine that You can extend so you can you can increase the number of Instructions that this virtual machine is able to execute Memory and I owe So we have the fetch operator that consumes an address and Returns the content of the memory cell at that address in force We have no notion of bytes In force we have addressable cells and the addressable cell may be More or less any bit widths wide. I Mean conventionally you have 16 bits. You have 32 bits from an engineering point of view 24 bits make much more sense than 32 for instance and If you come to a force engine implementation on an FPGA then you will find that The internal program in FPGAs is not eight. It is nine bits wide And so it is very tempting to then just use an 18-bit machine for instance Perfectly feasible because it does your word widths does not have to be divisible by eight And if you want to operate on bytes You just store one byte at one memory location and if it has more than eight bits Well, you just throw away the extra bits Then you need words to display your results. We already Stumbled the cross dot. It just shows the number on the stack as a signed number You don't shows the top stack item as an unsigned number like in addresses and Type for instance takes an address and and the length and print this as a string primitive data types This is a definition of a constant The constant consumes a number and you give it a name a Variable allocates one memory cell in memory And so if we now that we defined Svi and weird you can do Svi weird store and Then if you do a weird fetch You you get a two To get more fancy You can create a vector So create my vector Just Creates a name for the next empty memory cell and it doesn't do anything else and Then you say okay my vector should be Ten cells wide and so you do this with the ampersand stands for decimal Decimal ten cells a lot and that gives you a vector then the the full line gives you a vector of ten elements and My vector as I said returns the address of the first element and then you can do address Computation on in order to get what you want or you can get more fancy like defining a new data type you can say I want to define a vector of a limited size and I want to be able to access the elements in the vector by passing the index To the name of the vector this I mean this is difficult to explain I must confess because here we have a word Where we defined the operation in two different time instances so the code between colon vector Which enters the name vector into the dictionary and When vector will be executed later on it we will create N cells and allocate them So in this example ten vector index vector will automatically Create a vector called index vector with ten elements and when we later on execute index vector Then the code between the does and the semicolon will be executed and that means at the beginning We have an index on the stack and in the end We have the actual physical address of the data item of of that index location on the stack And there is a little bit of un-unvisible mystery here because the word does returns the address of the first location of the data type So we have an index on the stack if you execute does we have also on top of the index We have the address of the first field Now then we first have to swap these two items to get the index on top We apply the cells operator to it Now yeah, I have to get to the cells operator why the cells operator is needed when force is working on let's say an Intel machine then of course we do have bytes and so if our Addressable cell is 32 bits wide it consumes four bytes and the cells operator is exactly the operator that computes out of the number of the 32-bit item that I want it computes the byte address on an inter machine for it and So we mark we we multiply the index for instance using cells by by for Because we have a 30 32 bit force system and then we add it at this To the first address that was left by the does and that gives up then the physical location of The data item at index in the vector So three index vectors Returns the memory address of the fourth element of Index vector and this is because force starts counting from zero So you always count zero one two three and so on controlled structures Of course, we have controlled structures and can modify the program flow as in every other Complete programming language Again with a special feature that this is a reverse Polish notation So we first compute always the first compute arguments and then we apply the operator to it in this case if we have the if Clause then We first compute a flag however complex that might be and then the if Interprets the top item on the stack as the flag and if the flag is true The code between if and then will be executed and if the flag on top of the stack is zero Then a jump after then is performed So then if else then is also then easy more or less easy to understand Although the syntax is unconventional if the flag is true We execute the code between if and else if it is false weak execute the code between else and then Another loop is the begin until loop which always executes the loop at least once and then at the end we decide whether we jump back or whether we leave the drill and the other variant is where We compute a flag If the flag is true We execute something between while and repeat and then the repeat jumps back to the begin Does the next computation and only if we are false we jump out of the loop after the repeat Another variant is counted loops that Consume two items on the stack a start value and a limiting value and then with do loop we loop So many times around and then there is the eye which returns us the current loop index compiler extension Now things become really interesting Because not only can you define new words or functions in force But you can also modify the compiler itself Modifying the compiler the important name here or what here is the word immediate That is attached to a word definition and it just means if the compiler encounters an immediate word That will be immediately executed by the compiler Whereas any word that is not immediate and that is part of a word definition will just its executable address will just be compiled into memory and nothing else and so in essence This if and this then and this if else then they are all immediate words which Execute while the compiler is working so This mechanism Extension of the compiler can be used to bake your own case or to bake your own struck compiler or I mean to make it really interested. I call this syntactic sugar So the question at hand was to define a Morse alphabet Generator so you would type in numbers and strings and it would be converted into the Morse code and if you Sugar syntactically Your compiler you can write down it you can write it down in this syntax Which is pretty intuitive You have a dot and a dash And then you have the vertical bar and the vertical bar Gives it then takes a name and the name From this moment on will be it will be Associated with a dot dash So what you have to do in order to do this magic You have to define Morse table colon as the beginning of the definition Semicolon Morse table as the end of course there are more lines. They don't fit here And so basically what you have to do is you have to define your compiling words Morse table colon Semicolon Morse table vertical bar, which is used At the end of the dots and dashes you have to define your dot and your dash and Each of those definitions takes between one and four lines of code And if you are an experienced prose programmer I mean you look at the problem and then it is very easy to come up with a solution to do that This pretty much covers the basic capabilities of force It is standardized and There are annual meetings on a European or actually nowadays on an international level the Euroforce conferences and This is where the standardization and ongoing standardization process is taking place Unfortunately, I'm missing one important slide here Okay, I will use this for for explain why I love force. I didn't tell you why I love force yet. I love force because Any character except tap and space can be part of a name So I can use all special characters in a name and this is the mystery why In force Minus rod is not a minus and a rod. It is just the word minus rod and for I mean pretty obvious reasons it is the inverse of rod And so I called it is usually called minus rod as the as an indication of of inverse and that Means in essence the hundreds of men days That up to now went into regular expression compilers Force doesn't need regular expressions. I mean the passing Process is so simple. You just look for the next space and that's all and everything that is enclosed in space or let's To be more precise is enclosed by white space is just a force word that gets looked up in a dictionary Is that is not successful it an attempt is made to convert it to a number and that's all which means that Or to put it in another way when I started to program in force I used to study computer science Which was pretty new in the mid 1970s and I stood in awe Before the compiler writers Because that seems like an extremely complex thing to do And when I then started to program in force and when I learned how to extend the compiling capabilities of force This all of the compiler writers went completely away it is simple and If you think about how force works and how you Program in force. It is basically pure anarchy because You can if you are a good programmer you can do excellent things in force If you occur a bad programmer, you are able to Write the most gibberish code, which is absolutely unrememberable in no time So in a sense force is a programming amplifier It gives you capabilities that you don't have in most other programming languages to express yourself and to create your own syntax to solve a problem and then the next logical step of course is because the force virtual machine is so simple on Most register machines. It has to be emulated. I mean just like Java has to be emulated And there are also bytecode implementations of force like for instance open boot It's just a bytecode implementation of the force language on a large variety of different processes and The advantage of this approach is that if you have peripheral IO cards They will execute the force bytecode and then the force bytecode is just interpreted on these different processes But the bytecode on the peripheral card remains exactly the same on all machines So this is where the big market niche was for open boot when we had At least four different variants of risk processes in the 1990s But since the force machine is the virtual machine is such a simple thing it is very easy to implement it in real hardware and I have been doing that for the past 15 years and Because I earn my money by filling FPGAs with content and So if I have a new piece of hardware with an FPGA on it The first thing I do is I put micro-core on it and then I can also always explore the FPGA phone inside Instead of and I can program the FPGA explore it and changing the code and Executing it on the FPGA on the software level takes well 10 15 seconds Whereas to run a new version with a change FPGA with a changed DHTL code on the current generation that I'm working on which is for satellites and radiation environments You were talking about 45 minutes so this approach makes a lot of sense and If you look at at the diagram you see the one-to-one relation more or less to the virtual machine And then well, this is not really a part of the force talk, but this is my baby basically Apart from interrupts since I'm a real-time programmer interrupts are very important There is also the the flip side of the coin and the flip side of the coin is and I spelled it out and An interrupt is an event that happened that was not expected by the software Whereas the pause exactly the opposite the An event did not happen that the software expected Like the software wants to fetch a bite from a UART But there is nothing on the UART yet it's still to come and In micro-core I can convert it this to like the flip side as a hardware signal as a flip side to the interrupt And then what you basically do is the hardware Signals on a hardware level that what this operation cannot be done Then a trap is called and calls the scheduler and does some other task in the multitasking environment Okay That's the end of the talk These are interesting links in that respect Questions, please questions So how many lookup tables do you need for your fourth machine? Lookup tables. Why would I need lookup tables in the FPGA? I just the size of the so, okay I Have been working on the micro semi what used to be active for such a long time They have a very very fine granularity So on those it is around 5,000 cells. I think if you if we talk about Xilinx or lettuce or Atmel we are talking about 2000 to 2500 Any more questions? I have a question You are here with we fixed the internet guys, is that correct? Yeah What has the program language fourth to do with we fixed the internet? Ask Bernd He did a full new internet stack all programmed in force Yes, he had to talk earlier today and he said and he referenced yours So maybe Bernd for the others just compress one problem We have with the internet is the attack surface is just too complicated everything we do is too complicated So we build a huge attack surface for all the evil people out there and we have to go Down make it simpler and simpler until we understand what we are doing and force is one way to Make things simpler at least our development systems that is the point here and It's not just Writing a stack in force. It's also when we think about JavaScript. It's too complicated even Even our image file formats are now so complicated that you can inject A tech in and PNG or JPEG and that's not the right way. So we have to cut down all this complicated and Things and the complicated stuff is just the accidental complication. It's not necessary complication and force force teaches you how to be simple is state of mind Solve simple don't solve complex things Thank you very much And you Maybe a dumb question, but When you run this force program on the FPGA How can I imagine this? Do you upload bite sequence to this? Yeah, I have I have a little what is called I Don't remember it from the spark architecture So you have you have something on the side with a receive and a transmit channel That allows you to connect it as we call it the umbilical to a host computer and the host computer runs across across compiler and a full image of the program and data memory on the target system and This was this technique you are in complete control of the target system because you can compile code that you have written in an editor you load the file and You compile for the target system and that compiles it into a memory Memory area in the host and then you transfer this memory image into the target system and then you start the target system and let it execute some executable routine on the target system and then I mean this is standard technology basically how you connect and a host in the target system via your binnacle and then you have a very simple monitor loop that Weights on the umbilical to receive an address that it should jump to and once it has Executed what it found at this address then if everything went, okay, it sends back a zero so the host system knows then Well, this word has been executed and everything was fine And if it is not a zero then it is either a warning or an error That's simple that did this answer your question. Not really. I will come to you Any more questions from the audience, okay, thank you very much for your attention