Hello everybody, welcome to this brown-backed talk at the Wikimedia Foundation. My name is Jan Gerlach. I'm a public policy manager here, and I'm beyond excited today to welcome my friend, Gisela Pérez-Acha, to talk to us about online gendered violence and feminist projects in Latin America that aim to change that. Gisela is an attorney, a journalist, and a digital rights activist at Derechos Digitales in Mexico. Derechos Digitales is a group out of Chile that works on all sorts of policy and digital rights issues all across Latin America, a region which is really important for us as well. As many of you will know, we have strong chapters and user groups all across the region. So, without further ado, I'll give the floor to Gisela, who is going to talk to you for roughly 40 minutes and then we'll have time for a Q&A. We will have the opportunity to ask questions. Also via IRC, the Wikimedia office channel will be watched by a colleague of ours here, and we'll get like 10 or 15 minutes of Q&A towards the end. Thank you. Well, hi. Thank you very much. I'm super excited to be here. I love Wikimedia. Recently on the International Women's Day, I wanted to tell you about it before I start this. We had a huge editatona where we had around 150 women editing Wikipedia, including gender standards, and these amazing soccer players, female soccer players and luchadoras, like in lucha libre, like professional wrestlers. And it was just amazing. So I really thank you all for your wonderful work. I know that sometimes you're behind the computer and it doesn't really feel like you are actually contributing to knowledge and change, but I really wanted to tell you that I feel very much like that regarding Wikimedia and Wikipedia. Let me get my clicker. Okay, so I'm going to try to make it a little bit shorter so that we're not sitting here for 40 minutes, and we have more time to discuss. If at any time something that I'm saying is strange or weird, sometimes I get lost in translation with English and sometimes I am super lawyer-y, so just go ahead and interrupt me and tell me to stop with con confianza, like we say in Spanish. So the question that we've been asking ourselves in feminist movements in Latin America, technical feminist movements in Latin America, is how can we have longer term strategies to counter digital gender violence? Why do we say digital? We don't say online gender violence because we have documented cases where ICTs are used in a violent way against women, for example, indigenous women that are not online, and that also counts as digital gender violence. So we're trying to push this term rather than online, but also see it, yeah. Information and communication technologies. Good, thank you very much. You see? We assume things and it's not necessarily the truth. So I'll tell you about our part of my reflection, analyzing these movements and also as a part of this movement, how do we see the problem and what is our diagnosis about it? So let's start very basically with gender. I know that probably some, most of you know what I will be saying and talking about right now, but I still want us all to be on the same page. So there's a basic semantic difference that I always like to make between sex and gender.  There's a lot of grace and that's what the queer movement is about. So let's see, what is... I love these GIFs. They were made by The Huffington Post in a campaign that said 40 things that are said to men that are bad for everyone, because that's what gender is. Gender is about the roles, the attributes, the colors, the topics of conversation that are deemed socially appropriate for men and women. So when we think about online gendered violence, this is exactly the same. We have to think about it as a continuum. Offline and online are exactly the same thing. I always say that I feel very much like a cyborg, quoting Donna Haraway. I cannot stop touching my phone. I can't. I am technologically intervened, for example, by birth control since I was 16 years old. I stopped now, but I was on birth control for 10 years, and that is technology. So we intervene in technology, and technology intervenes us as well. So when we take these gender standards into the online environment, then we have topics of conversation that we are not allowed to touch, as women, which means feminities are not allowed to talk about, for example, politics or sports, or even technology. I did a tweet on Google last week, and it got viral, and I got so trolled by guys, obviously, or at least people, avatars that look like guys. So what are we allowed to talk about as girls on social media? What can you think about? Like babies, what? Fashion, exactly. Fashion is a big one. Design, what else? What else can you think about? What can we talk? Cooking, no? Or brides, or decorating, exactly. Decoration is a big one. But online gender violence is, for dissident women, when we step out of those things that are deemed appropriate, and we start talking about sports, politics, or technology, online gender violence is the social sanction to keep us dissident women at bay. So that's why it's super important to push and transcend, what online gender violence causes is self-censorship. I'm going to show you a video. We made this with sports anchor women from Fox at another NGO that I collaborate at. It's in Spanish, so I will try to simultaneously translate, and I am sorry for the bad words.     You're not a doctor, an engineer. You just show your boobs on TV. You're no one. That's a good outfit for a whore. You look super yummy in that dress. The only bad thing about the soccer match is this girl feeling that she's an expert, so just go back to the kitchen. Stop talking about sports. Go back to washing bathrooms in the kitchen. And well, that's a rape threat. That's them before going on air. So that's the initiative. I know it's kind of, it's very depressing. It's very sad. I'm not going to get a tutorial debate on whether to include the images that we get or not, but we decided it was just better to do it because how can you create awareness if you don't know what's going on? We also have to take into consideration that, where are we? Yeah, we also have to take into consideration that Mexico is an extremely violent place and that violence is also translating online and then with genderized violence. It gets worse. We get a lot of, for example, narco imagery. We get a lot of death and rape threats with AK-47s that have posted with my name or just like, I don't know, like a lot of money and a lot of cocaine saying that they will come and they know where I live and things like that. And it's very hard not to lose perspective and know when it's actually going to transcend into my physicality or not. But these threats are real. One thing that we struggle with a lot with police, for example, is that when we denounce it, trying to get legal processes to work, they're like, oh, no, but it's virtual. It doesn't matter. Like, why don't you close your Twitter account? That's what we got. Like, these girls have three million followers. They are sports anchors. Like, they love sports and they're beautiful, but like, is it wrong to be beautiful and love sports?  But it's the exact same type of violence. So this slide is about their short-term reactions that feminists have put together to counter online gender violence, public shaming, for example. This is a campaign in Colombia that is called Alerta Machitrol. It's like the macho troll where you kind of like seek to expose these people, these people that are doing these attacks and trying to like publicly shame them and see where it goes.  Like, that's it. Like, it might not have been a perfect tweet, but that's the response I get. And that's also genderized. Would a guy get the same type of violence? And that's the thing, guys also get a lot of violence online, especially in Mexico because it's a violent place. But the thing is that it's disproportionate compared to the violence that we as women receive. And that is partly explained because of gender. So another example, I've been thinking a really long time about this. I'm actually writing a paper because if you Google me, you'll find me naked. I protested topless like five years ago, six years ago. And still, no matter what I write, no matter how many things I publish, no matter what I do, my topless body will always be on top of the search results. Why? Is there a programming bias embedded in Google's algorithm? Is it the cultural bias because people will obviously want to click more on my tits than on my long PDFs analyzing malware in the region, right? But then I only consented to be femurously naked in a specific environment in a public place like the street. Google is not public. It's a private platform. And I am not ready to concede that it is public. So that's another, a whole other thing. But what I also wanted, like where I want to go at this, you've probably seen a lot of debate around the Google's autocomplete as well. In English, you used to search why do women, why are women, why are Jews, why are Muslims.  They have changed it in English. But in Spanish, we haven't had that conversation. The autocomplete right now it's doing is just validating stereotypes and completely ridiculous cliche like why do women get wet? Why are women always late? Why do women love assholes? Why do women get abortions? Why do women get their periods? Why are women jealous? And things like this. So it's not trivial to say, I really like this quote by the Ejercito Zapatista de Liberación Nacional. They were an indigenous rebel army that their uprising was in 1994 against NAFTA. And in 2013, they published this poem asking if we could resist in a different way. Can we still resist using these platforms as feminists, for example, as anarchists, indigenous anarchists like the Zapatistas, or do we have to create a whole other different thing and a whole other different structure for this to make sense? So by saying this, let's, I've been really nerding out on infrastructure at the ITF, the Internet Engineering Task Force, where all the protocols get created and it's a lot of dudes, way too many dudes. And you know, they're also old.   But it's like the average age is just really old. So that's also another, there's a generational thing there. It's an amazing space, by the way. I really encourage you to engage on it. We need more cool people. So this quote is, we shape our tools and our tools shape us. Technology, you've heard it, it's not neutral. The Internet itself is not neutral. It's created by people, or it's programmed by people, either by machine learning or somebody that manually puts the inputs. And in that way, it reflects the ideologies of the people that are behind it. So that's also a very, in terms of policy, that's also a cliche that we need to start breaking. It is not neutral. There are ideologies embedded in it. So the definition of infrastructure that I like the most is by my friend and co-author at ITF, Nielsen-Uver. He says that technology is the, sorry, technology. Infrastructure is the assemblage that makes things run from cables to meetings, from servers to protocols, people mailing lists and code. And the interesting thing about infrastructure is that it's invisible. So imagine the pipes of a house that you never notice until they break. Because as an end user especially, you never see the protocols, you never see the code, you never see, we just interact with interfaces themselves, and interfaces themselves also have a whole set of infrastructure behind it. So getting to the point, the basic premise of the report that we made about Latin American and Glimpse is this one. Today because of gender norms, infrastructure is a male space. And it's also a space dominated by guys in the global north. I have a problem with this premise. I don't think we have to necessarily get it all like this because in the history of technology, there's a lot of women and a lot of diverse people that have contributed. So making this the official version of infrastructure and technology, it's also a problem itself from my perspective. So let's talk about a myth. This is the performance artist Guillermo Gómez Peña. And Guillermo Gómez Peña wrote in 1998, he has a beautiful quote saying, the mythology goes like this, we Latinos do not make high technology. We are merely manual beings, artisans, whose understanding of the world is metaphysical, but not technological. And when we dare to create technology, we just merely copy what Europeans are doing. 1998. I think this is amazing because it's a part of a myth that goes on about how Latinos cannot make technology. And you can also apply it for women, right? It's not only about Latinos, but because of gender structures, you can also say, you know what, women are highly emotionally rational beings. Hashtag, do you remember the Google memo? Well, they are vulnerable, and they are unstable and neurotic, and that's not technology. Technology is structured. Technology is super ABC, right? So it can also, it doesn't only apply for race standards or ethnicity, but it also applies for gender. What I really like about Gómez Peña, and I'm much more in his line than on others, is that he says, we Latinos often feed this mythology by overstating our romantic and metaphysical nature and portraying ourselves as colonial victims of technology. So all this ongoing discourse about digital colonialism, I think we have to be careful with it, because we risk it, we risk falling into a category where we ourselves are portraying ourselves as victims of colonial technology and not stepping out of these cultural stereotypes that allow us to do differently. Although it is true that most of the web speaks English, even though at a worldwide level not everybody speaks English, online content created by the Global South is super low, we'll see some graphs on that. And from Latin America, we're dealing with a lot of trade treaties that are pushing copyright laws from the United States to control technologies and overall control emerging technologies. So there's a couple of graphs here, I really like them, because they illustrate how content is mostly created in the Global North. So this is what used to be Freebase, that's the geographic knowledge. As you can see, there's a lot of density in Europe and the United States and Canada and lower density on the other countries. India also has a lot of density. So that's the top ten languages on the internet in terms of millions of users. English is the most widely spoken. And that's the Wikipedia, I'm sure you've probably seen this. I thought it was interesting to add it because there are more Wikipedia articles inside of this circle than outside of it in the entire world. Nonetheless, this is 2012. So I bet things have changed a lot, but it would be really interesting to map that now and try to have this conversation on Wikipedia itself. That's the IPv4 activity during day and night. And look how densely populated, again, we see it here. And here, look at this big black hole, that's the Amazon. And this is 2015, so this is a little bit more recent and it's still very much like that. The African continent also has big black holes over here. So when we put this together with the fact that around the world, guys are more connected than girls, than women. Women are 50% less likely to be connected than guys in the same age group and the same economic standards. But then we also ask, what is access? It goes way beyond connectivity. You have to actually have content in your language that is relevant to you, mostly zero-rating Facebook data or WhatsApp data, that's not enough. It's actually empowering access that allows you to incorporate it into your daily life. I got this from Wikipedia. This is another map of the percentage of population that is connected in each country and we still always have more in the global north. By talking about all of this, I hope I didn't bore you. Now I'm getting into the feminist infrastructure projects. We need structural solutions to encounter online gendered violence. It's not enough to be partying codes and partying platforms. So what can we do to go beyond that? You know this, right? Ella. So I don't know if you heard, but there was a problem with Ella when they first launched it because there was no button for muting or blocking people because it was guys who started it and guys didn't think that you could get harassed and you needed to block people. Whereas it's a standard for social media now. And I want to say something, like when I say guys, I don't mean to blame the guys that are in this room or the guys that are watching us online. I only want to think about the gender structure that is making us think like that and that is making these inequalities very present. Another example that I really like about this structural change and structural design, it's about how can we design things differently. Do you think, for example, that getting more women in designing tech would make a difference per se?  Or not only because you're a guy, it means that you are coding in a way that makes us feel excluded. No, it's way more complex than this because it's structural. I really like this tweet. I mean, I always assume everybody knows Bumble, but yesterday I was having a conversation with someone that didn't. I love Bumble. I use Bumble all the time. This girl worked at Tinder and then she quit Tinder because of discrimination and harassment. Now Tinder is suing Bumble because of the swipe left, swipe right trademark. Bumble, the thing is that guys cannot talk to you.  I felt relieved when Bumble came into the market because I get to talk first. And that's also changing the gender relationship. And it's diminishing harassment. So the CEO is amazing. She has zero tolerance for harassment. They're banning gone pictures, which is great because the worst thing I can see on Bumble is hashtag masculinity. So fragile holding an AK-47 in Mexico City. It's like, no, just block reports. Like, why? No. And I get these beautiful notifications that are cooler than my matches. They're like, just love yourself. You know, like you're having a hard day and then just Bumble gives you a really self-care notification post. And I want to give these two examples to make a point about we can design technology in a different way than what has been predominant until today. And that's where feminism comes in. So there's also, I think, overall in Mexico and in Latin America, we have a lot of conversations about what feminism really means. They call us feminazis. That's like the most typical insult. I don't know why, because obviously wanting gender equality is the same as invading Poland. But I think for me and for us at Derecho Digitales, and that's why we made this report of the feminist initiatives that are trying to change the internet structure and the internet infrastructure. Feminism is one of the very many ideologies that can offer solutions, structural solutions for this that also take into account race, for example, ethnicity and class inequalities. So let's do a little bit of Beyoncé to be the basic one-on-one feminism, just social, political and economical equality between the sexes. That's it. It's super simple. Like, there's a big discussion, can guys be feminists? Yeah, if you believe in this, welcome. Why not? I use this gift a lot, because I think it's super clear. It's super. You don't have to go into a lot of gender theory. It's just that. And when we think about feminist infrastructure, we're defining it in terms of hardware, software applications, but also participatory design, safe spaces, and social solidalities. And I will talk a little bit more later about that. So I'm saying that feminism is one of the ideologies that can best encounter this, because feminism has worked over the years, and academically and non-academically, with principles that we can start incorporating into technology, for example, the principle of consent, which has been under a lot of fire because of the recent discussions. And because of that, I'm going to play another video because I love videos. This one is really short. Wait, where is it? No. Brandon fixes everything. Oh, there it is. It's just the mouse. Awesome. If you're still struggling with consent, just imagine instead of initiating sex, you're making them a cup of tea. You say, hey, would you like a cup of tea? And they go, oh my god, I would love a cup of tea. Thank you. Then you know they want a cup of tea. If you say, hey, would you like a cup of tea? And they're like, you know, I'm not really sure. Then you can make them a cup of tea or not, but be aware that they might not drink it. And if they don't drink it, then, and this is the important bit, don't make them drink it. Just because you made it doesn't mean you're entitled to watch them drink it. And if they say, no thank you, then don't make them tea at all. Just don't make them tea. Don't make them drink tea. Don't get annoyed at them for not wanting tea. They just don't want tea, OK? They might say, yes please, that's kind of you. And then when the tea arrives, they actually don't want the tea at all. Sure, that's kind of annoying as you've gone to all the effort of making the tea, but they remain under no obligation to drink the tea. They did want tea, now they don't. Some people change their mind in the time it takes to boil the kettle, brew the tea, and add the milk. And it's OK for people to change their mind, and you are still not entitled to watch them drink it. And if they're unconscious, don't make them tea. Unconscious people don't want tea, and they can't answer the question, do you want tea? Because they're unconscious. OK, maybe they were conscious when you asked them if they wanted tea, and they said yes, but in the time it took you to boil the kettle or brew the tea and add the milk, they are now unconscious. You should just put the tea down, make sure the unconscious person is safe, and this is the important part again. Don't make them drink the tea. They said yes then, sure, but unconscious people don't want tea. If someone said yes to tea, started drinking it, and then passed out before they'd finished it, don't keep on pouring it down their throat. Take the tea away, make sure they are safe, because unconscious people don't want tea. Trust me on this. If someone said yes to tea around your house last Saturday, that doesn't mean they want you to make them tea all the time. They don't want you to come around to their place unexpectedly and make them tea and force them to drink it, going, but you wanted tea last week, or to wake up to find you pouring tea down their throat, going, but you wanted tea last night. If you can understand how completely ludicrous it is to force people to have tea when they don't want tea, and you are able to understand when people don't want tea, then how hard is it to understand when it comes to sex? Whether it's tea or sex, consent is everything. And on that note, I'm going to make myself a cup of tea. I love that view. You can find it on YouTube, tea and consent. I just think that rather than having a whole lecture about consent, it's just like everyone should be watching this. So, I've been thinking a lot about this term coming from feminism and feminist theory and gender studies. What if we apply the basic principles of consent, for example, to data protection or to our own technology. All this Cambridge Analytica Facebook leaks, it's basically narrowed down to consent. Like how are Facebook users supposed to have this info? Another principle that coming from feminism I really like is this concept of bodily autonomy. So, thinking about this term of autonomous infrastructure and autonomous technology is very common amongst activists, digital rights activists. But what if we think about autonomy from a gendered and feminist perspective as well? Just the right to dispose of our own bodies has been a subject in the past, I don't know, like 100 years probably with abortion and just not legislating over our own bodies. But how would it look like if we take this into technology itself? So, that's where the concept of just how shaping autonomy within our own technologies with a gender perspective, self-organization, and it's basically autonomy defined as a need for freedom for self-valorization, which is an interesting concept, and mutual aid. So, it's building communitarian things rather than scalable things. You might be a little bit lost right now, but I wanted to pass all this big, theoretical things so that we can understand the feminist projects that are working currently in Latin America a little bit better. I love that. So, that's they basically do That's not in English, sorry. I'm just like putting this... All this... It's a hack space for black women in Brazil. Because under this premise of self-care and mutual aid, what Preta Lab is trying to think is how to learn about technologies in a non-hierarchical and non-maridocratic way. I'm going to tell you a little story. I tried... I tried to learn Java last year, and there was no, like, exclusively female hack spaces in Mexico City. I enrolled myself in the Public Engineering Faculty. It was 50 guys and me. And they learned how to code with Pokemon metaphors. That because I was playing with dolls when I was little, I missed on all the Pokemon fun. You know, I didn't choose my dolls. They gave them to me. It's the worst. They're like plastic. They're super creepy. They're like plastic.  It's insane. They program us to just feed babies since we're that age. It's totally unfair. Anyways, because I missed on the Lego and Pokemon fun, I could not understand the geeky nerdy metaphors that they used to learn. And in the end, of course, I was super demotivated. I decided to go another path and watch videos or whatever. So imagine if I felt like that. I am a lawyer. I work in digital rights. I have the privilege to be here and interact with people that can explain to me or I have the confidence to go up and say I didn't understand. Can you imagine indigenous women, for example? Can you imagine these black women from Brazil? What they say in this video is really beautiful because technology is way more than a technological knowledge. It's about intervening your world. It's about speaking out. It's about living, moving, deconstructing, sharing and communicating. Technology is everything.  How do you define technology itself? But I do believe that we're intrinsically caught by technology in all its levels. So now feminist infrastructure itself. We've been through the feminist principles. We've been through the problems with the structural design of the internet platforms and the problems with the structural design of getting into tech as well. Which is also funny. Right now it's very trendy to talk about... I lost my clicker. There it is. It's very trendy to talk about men in tech, the problem with men in tech. But one of the first people to ever program a computer was Ada Lovelace in 1842. Whatever happened after that, it's gender. It's that little doll that everybody's giving to my cousin and it's the Legos that they're giving to my other cousin, that is a guy. I wish it was the other way. It works better in Spanish. So what exactly is feminist infrastructure? What the feminist infrastructure projects in Latin America are trying to attack right now, not attack, but counter an approach is... For example, can we have feminist servers? Servers that work in a community, just in a community. Servers that allow people that have pro-abortion sites to just be there and not charge anything. I don't think this clicker is going to work anymore. That's okay. I can just manually do it. I got excited. Just try to think about technology from a different perspective. And not only about technology itself, about infrastructure. We need the servers to connect. So who's running their own servers? Who's running their own infrastructure? It's not only about software. It's about hardware as well. It's about the way that different women come together in these projects and learn about it. Queer trans, non-binary people in general. How do we welcome them to access a server? How do we welcome them to have autonomy and to be able to touch the things that are making us connect without necessarily depending on these huge companies that are making all of these decisions despite us and using us. And we need them to connect and stay communicated. So the principle of bodily autonomy is 100% applied here. If we think as this infrastructure and this technology and these applications and these platforms as our body, we should be able to dispose of them however we want. And neither copyright law or the proprietary and capitalist ideology that all technology is based upon today allows us to do that. This is Vedetas from Brazil. It's vedetas.org. And I really like this because they promote the hack in language of instead of saying servidor, which is mail, just saying servidora. And that already in a group of programmers makes them all laugh. I was like, why don't we use the feminist servidor a vedetas? Literally, I was in a room because we were coordinating an earthquake.  They used Bitly to... How do you pronounce that? Bitly? They used Bitly to shorten certain URLs. We had to call Bitly, Silicon Valley, in the middle of an emergency because we needed to change the original link without losing the interface link. I don't know how to call it. Whereas if you administer your own URL shortener, you don't have that problem. You don't have that centralized technology in the middle of an earthquake. So they also provide link shorteners and I love the name and the history of that. Vedeta was the name of these little house structures in Brazil in the 19th century where a black slave called Maria Felipe basically killed 12 colonial men. They had this fortress in the beach in Brazil and that was a vedeta. So now they call that vedeta and they give free service to activists around the world and they also provide documentation of violence cases. I'm almost done. And this is my favorite project ever in life. Ever. So this is Kefir. It's an autonomous feminist tech co-op in Latin America and what I really like about them, I have this Dutch friend that was like, I'll tell you the Dutch friend joke at the end. Let me tell you first about this. So this is their manifesto. They embody all this diversity and just try to approach servers and infrastructure in a different way. Infrastructure all the way from administering it to making the rules within a community. Maybe they don't have electricity in the community where they're working. Maybe they don't have Wi-Fi or internet access. So how do you provide all the wires all the tubes and everything that they need so that they can autonomously configure it within a community? It's very interesting because scalability is inherently capitalist. They don't want to scale. They work in this project where it's just a little community and they are okay with that. And what it's really interesting is that most of this autonomous infrastructures that activists put up and they managed it themselves so now the joke about my Dutch friend he was like, but what are they doing? They're just running servers. I run like 10 and in their manifesto what they exactly say it's like, yes it's not the same to be a cis guy in Amsterdam than to be an indigenous woman with two jobs and seven kids. Having free time is a privilege and women normally have less free time. It's actually one of the reasons why women have less access to the internet because of lack of free time because we tend to do double jobs especially when we're moms or we have kids, I'm not but if women are moms and they have kids, they have household chores and plus they have they're in the labor labor market so it's a double job and domestic work is not paid, it's not recognized it's not unionized and it's civilized. So the point I mean my Dutch friend has his own bias it's also unconscious bias that we constantly replicate I have them myself but they are also trying to think how are we going to learn differently how are we going to approach this indigenous woman that wants to learn how to run her own service in an autonomous way in a rural town outside of Mexico how are we going to teach her or for example the violence that they see as violence the manufacturing process in in fábricas how do you say fábricas? factories thank you the manufacturing process in factories they see it as violence as well because it cuts through race and it cuts through class as well and through an exploitation system in all our computers, batteries phones etc so it's hardware yes it's important but it's also software but it's also this mutual aid and solidarity and community building that we're trying to do and this is the URL shortener so you just go in and it's how we look after each other read our care policy for all beings and multi-species so the way you design the way you communicate the way you interact the interface itself the way we come together and have meetings so I wish we used this during the earthquake they laughed at me I was like why didn't we use the servidora and they were like you don't call it servidora it's like you can why not that's already dissenting that's already hacking patricky so I like to think that the long-term strategy has to do with breaking cliches of course we have to keep on developing self-defense strategies now I'm developing a bot so that when I get bot networks attacking me with rape threats maybe I can like get bot networks back hopefully twitter won't censor my bots and they will censor theirs but why are we supposed to just cross our arms and do nothing but that's only reactive right so how to make it differently in the structural way so breaking cliches and to sum up first if my body is a battleground if I get to decide who I slip with where and when I'm naked not on google forever but on the street because of a certain political protest in a context if I get to decide what I wear what I not wear when I have an abortion, when I don't my intimacy, my consent my body is a battleground then the internet is a battleground as well because I see the internet and technology as an inherent part of my body and I think more and more in the future if it's going to be better or for better or for worse more intertwined um the second and this has been it's a little thing but for me it's just been groundbreaking we women can be creators we can we can code we can play with hardware I just learned how to solder last week and I felt super I burned a little bit my fingers but you know like I had never done it I had never done it but with my grandmother telling me that I was a princess and that if I shut up I look more beautiful there's a saying in Spanish that goes like that calladita te ves mas bonita it's insane so what happens if all of us here start re-educating ourselves and overall future technologies so that we conceive ourselves as creators girls can be creators of technology, girls can be coders girls can be hackers and it's fine, it's perfect as soon as I realized also when I started to learn how to program that I had this own like interiorized frustration about I can't do this, I can't do this I'm bad at math, I'm bad at math I'm bad at math no girls are not bad at math people are bad at math sometimes it doesn't have to do anything on whether you have a vagina or a penis it's all socially constructed and it's all these silly stereotypes that if we get rid of them from scratch of line we might do a little bit better closely the digital gender gap, I really like this infographic by the World Wide Web well the World Wide Web Foundation the World Foundation it's about content access is just cool content, I have these friends that are making this really cool project on Google.net because we were trying to Google information about policies in general there's nothing there's nothing that can speak to you in a cool graphic way and say like I don't even remember what we were specifically looking for but the lack of information about female vaginas online is insane so content has to do with access, access to infrastructure to be able to touch it to be able to tinker with it manage it, administer it within our own communities education of course we need more women in STEM in general and that gap in Mexico only 10% of engineers in the engineering field are women only 10% that's nothing and then we ask ourselves how this technology and why is technology being created like this and finally well of course if we want more women in technology we have to counter gender violence but then we go in a circle again and lastly and that's the thing that these projects are starting to push how would a feminist internet look like because it's not only internet created by women because then we start genderizing the women that are creating it as well like oh because women are just nicer and they have more self-care so more self-care will be embedded in technology no it's a feminist internet there's a little bit of a difference and just summarizing everything the internet is technology and infrastructure is public and political talking about consent and intimacy the video of the tea that we saw let's start to think about how to apply it to technology it's really well-developed theory why can we not take it and just land it there autonomous collective management situated knowledge and narratives that it's internet in our context at Wikipedia there's a big debate about this in Mexico at least the Wikimedia Foundation is trying to make content in Mayan for example and solidarity and self-care which the preta lav girls are doing amazingly in Brazil how to get black women to identify with other black women that are doing technology thinking about technology differently and that's it thank you very much that's our webpage you can download the whole thingy thanks Gisela are there any questions in the room I'm happy to pass the mic around so hello hello so many times in international development you have primarily white organizations making things or having programs or services for let's say countries that they don't look anything like or their context are nothing alike too and that reflecting the people you serve has always been a nice to have there has been nothing done much about this disparity and I guess my question to you is much of what you've talked about has made me think about how much we need to reflect the very people we are working with because otherwise they are we're just in viewing our own bias on what we think they need rather than knowing what they need and building for them in their context and allowing that participation so my question to you is how do you convince somebody to share that power to maybe completely open those doors so that it's no longer a nice to have but a need to have that we need to reflect the very people working for thank you for the question I think it's a very good question it happens a lot overall for example now that I'm after the earthquake I'm thinking a lot about humanitarian relief technologies and how for example in Latin America and the Caribbean we are highly affected by earthquakes and hurricanes all the beautiful paradisiac Caribbean islands are just going to be wiped away by cyclones so there's a lot of humanitarian relief tools developed here in the US in Europe that are trying to be implemented in for example I don't know like this Martinique or all these all these islands that were really badly hit by Irma and Maria and it's really funny because like they had all this deployment of technology and then obviously when a hurricane comes in it just wipes all your electricity infrastructure so they don't even they didn't even have electricity and these guys were like ready to go with their super cool software you know to like so I think that I mean it might be a very exaggerated example but I think it illustrates exactly what you're talking about like oh yeah this software for hurricane relief and then no electricity so for me this is like this efforts are first step towards deconstructing I know we have a really long way to go but we need to start taking these little first steps and it's also like what I tell my my my fellow coder friends don't feel bad because of things you do you're doing great you know just keep on doing it keep on developing but maybe if a girl comes into your hack space approach her talk to her be a little bit nicer don't assume she knows all the pokemon jokes no so I think by starting with this ideas we might be able to get somewhere but I don't have the answer to this is the product that we need to be developing right here right now but if we enable communities and empower communities to have their own products I think it can be done in a very interdisciplinary way like it's not about us just stepping outside but maybe going to indigenous communities and like hanging out with them for a really long time and just working together I don't know if that answers your question a little bit thank you other questions we have one question on IRC do you think languages with a lot of masculine and feminine grammatical gender are a barrier to gender equality if so how do we as a society begin to address this that's a very good question also so in Spanish some people are doing excess instead of like servidor o servidora or like nosotros people just put like nosotras which I think is ridiculous and looks horrible to be honest but that's like a grammatical discussion I would say like what I've been my approach has been addressing everything in feminine so then the guys feel excluded and it's like that's how I feel whenever because in Spanish Portuguese and Italian when you say except for French maybe I don't know when you do the plural you do the plural in masculine and it encompasses everyone so I just started doing pluralities in feminine and it's at least it creates a conversation and I think one very important thing for me has been figuring out how to not do it aggressively but just kind of like throw these little rocks to spark conversations but not do it from a defensive point of view or just yelling like goodbye old white man because that's not like people just stop listening so I think and it's not the white man's problem it's a whole patriarchal society structural economical, social and political paradigm so it's not like individuals so I guess I would say that for these languages you're not going to change the entire language not for now but just sparking these little conversations with a lot of love and a lot of mutual respect and mutual aid and self-care I think it can get us into better places Any other questions? Thank you so much for your presentation I have two questions actually the first one and I guess that you're preaching to the choir here but like you spoke a lot about content and a lot about like relevant content that's missing and I think that within our like the Wikimedia communities they're all about like trying to figure this out and what their role is in Mexico I'm sure you're aware of all the amazing work that Wikimedia Mexico is putting out there trying to like fill in that gap bringing more women in but what do you think would be our role in general here not just the foundation but in the Wikimedia movement to try to really address that content gap that you're seeing in content not just about women but for women and mainly what is the men's role in that as well right and I think that that relates a little bit to my second question which is and maybe I'm speaking from personal experience but as a Colombian man being in Bogota and like trying to approach a perspective where you're trying to show yourself supportive of these causes sometimes is rejected even by women themselves right they're like you're like too much or for this or whatever right then like oh no but I'm a gay man oh okay but so it's because you're gay so then it's fine right like there's all like all the stereotypes that are tied into how men should participate or should be partaking to this different causes so maybe related to the second question it would be what is your advice or what are your thoughts around how men should participate into this conversations and sometimes how should they respond to even women that are not perfectly fine with the idea of men participating oh that's a great topic I I recently had a conversation with a guy that was calling me feminazi feminazi feminazi and he was just like kept saying it and saying it and saying it and I was not disturbed I love being a feminazi like that's why I have no identity issues you know so the less I felt disturbed the more he was pushing the term on me and then I looked at him and I told him okay what do you hate about feminazis so feminists no and he said well that they say that all men are rapists I was like okay so you hate that because you are a guy and you're not a rapist right he said yes and then I said okay so I am a feminist and I don't think all guys are rapists because just as gender is a way of not telling women how to live how to express themselves what sexual orientation they can have how they can think that's gender feminism is also about that there's as many feminisms as women in the world so I think my first approach is always not generalize the feminist movement as a one entire single thing with capital letter like kind of like the truth you know and of course within every single movement there's people that are a little bit angrier and a little bit more radical and that's okay because I think we're at a point we're at a pivotal point where like you can't ask a girl that has lived through horrible violence to watch her tone and not be angry you know but what it is wrong is to generalize and say that all of us feminists are the same like between feminisms we disagree a lot we have great debates because we're not always on the same page so I think that would be my answer like just first to not generalize all these feminist movements like how can you participate just there was a great boss fit article I'll send it to Jan so he can circulate it about a hundred ways of how men can participate in the feminist cause it was super funny but it was also very true like listen talk less when there's a feminist conversation going on just listen more and talk less don't try to be the protagonist don't try to be like the one in front of the protest you know they're protesting feminists and there's this guy that was just in the middle like I am a feminist dude it's not your turn you can support but go in the back you know and feminists were super angry at him they were like just move you're taking up all the space take up all the space and I think it's just man spread a little bit less that's what that's what boss fit said it was really funny it was like just just being self-conscious about these little things they go a huge way and I think we need to know how to have better conversations and more peaceful conversations about it regarding your first question super quickly I think you guys are doing a great job keep it up let's go on the infrastructure let's go into access connectivity I mean from this office or any Wikimedia office really it's hard to be able to create all the content that we need online and I think just by being conscious and all the campaigns that you're doing like it's let's not put too much on the Wikimedia's shoulders because the progress that you've been all doing in this realm is already so let's start thinking about the infrastructure the invisible tubes that are breaking and we haven't seen them yet because they're only leaking let's go and fix that let's try to get our mindset on that side that's that's what I would say like just the invisible power structures rather than these interfaces and the wonderful Wikimedia Wikimedia services thanks so much I just have five comments divided into 10 sub points here I'm kidding more than a question I have five comments in bullets exactly if you could anyway thanks so much for talking to us today we're unfortunately out of time I think this was really engaging and also eye-opening thank you so much for joining us for watching online we have recorded this and we will put the YouTube video up later and I'll circulate a link thanks so much for joining us here today


Hi, and welcome to Learn WordPress. In this session, we will learn all about patterns, using and modifying available pre-made block patterns, creating your own synced and unsynced patterns, using patterns that are built into the settings of certain blocks as well as utilizing header and footer patterns. But what are patterns? Block patterns are pre-made designs or layouts of grouped blocks that are available to modify and change to meet your needs. It will essentially save you time, but also enhance creativity and design. Instead of nesting and grouping blocks together, patterns have already done that for you. And in one click, you will have access to beautiful and functional layouts from call to actions, headers, columns, galleries, and more. To add a pattern, click on the plus icon top left, also called the Inserter, and open the Patterns tab on the right next to blocks. At the top, you will see the option to add unsynced patterns you have created yourself. And to add a pattern that is synced, previously known as reusable blocks, click on the Synced Pattern icon next to media. Changes made to these patterns will be made across your entire site, but more about this a little later. If we return to patterns, below unsynced patterns, you will see all the patterns that come with your theme. They are organized into a variety of categories to help you find what you need. Once you click on the category, you will see a preview of all the available patterns when you scroll down. You can also select Explore All Patterns at the bottom to get a bird's eye view of the patterns that come with your theme. You can also go through them category by category. Let's look at a quick example. When you select a pattern, in this case one from my featured category, you will be able to modify the pattern to meet your design requirements. It can easily be edited in the same way as any other block. You can change the alignment of the container block, you can edit the heading, update the content, replace the images, and for example, change the background color of your pattern as well as other styling options. Some blocks, such as the query loop block, have patterns built into the settings of the block. So when you add your query loop, it says you can choose a pattern for the query loop or start blank. If you click on Choose, you will be able to scroll through all the available patterns. When you find the pattern you're looking for, you can merely click on it and it will insert into your page. And now you can go ahead and modify it according to your needs. The patterns that come with your theme are limited. If you want more patterns to choose from, you can explore the block pattern directory. To do that, let's make our way to the WordPress.org website. Hover over, download and extend, and click on patterns. Here you can search and find new patterns to use on your website. You will notice there is an option to only view curated patterns or hundreds of patterns that have been added by the WordPress community. You can type in the search block, search by category, or browse through all the available options until you find what you're looking for. Once you find the pattern you are after, you can add it to your favorites by clicking on the heart. Once you identify a pattern that you want to add to your site, you can merely click on Copy, return to your website, and then Paste. And now you can start changing and modifying your pattern. And this is what my pattern looks like after altering it to meet my design needs. When you make your way to the site editor, and in this side view, you will see a Patterns tab. And here you can manage, edit, and create all of your patterns, synced or not, along with your template parts. At the top, you will see your custom patterns. The synced patterns have a purple icon and the unsynced patterns don't. If you hover over the purple icon, it clearly says editing this pattern will also update anywhere it is used. Below your custom patterns, you will see all the patterns that come with your theme. And at the bottom, all your header, footer, and general template part patterns. Let's start with your own patterns. If you click on the plus icon next to Patterns, you can create your own custom synced or unsynced patterns. If you want it to be unsynced, you can leave it as is. And if you want your pattern to be synced, you can select keep all pattern instances in sync. That means that reusable blocks as a concept are now known as synced patterns. So let's go ahead and create a synced pattern and click on create. And now you can start creating your synced pattern. And when it is ready, we can click save. You can create synced or unsynced patterns in the site editor or the post editor. To create one in the post editor, merely select your design, click on the three vertical dots, and then select create pattern slash reusable block. And now you can save your design as a synced or unsynced pattern. Lastly, let's talk about template parts. To manage your header and footer, you have template part patterns at your disposal. Templates create a design for a webpage. And this is usually done by adding a header and footer template part. Let's look at an example and open up our page template. And when you open your page template, we can go ahead and select our current header and then click on the three vertical dots. And now we can select replace header. And when you do this, you can select one of your existing template parts or patterns that come with your theme. And it works exactly the same way with your footer. Below patterns, you can manage and edit your existing template parts. To add a new template part, click on the plus icon next to patterns and select create template part. Here, you will be able to select between creating a general footer or header template part. To create a new header template part, select header, name it appropriately. And then you can start creating in template editing mode. I trust that patterns will also become one of your favorite new tools. And visit Learn WordPress for more tutorials and training material.


Did you know that you can get up to 12% interest on your cryptocurrency? If the answer is no, don't you worry, in this video I'll show you three companies that will pay you interest on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis. Nexo. Nexo was one of the first companies I trusted with my cryptocurrency and I have to say I've never had any issues with withdrawing money from the platform. There's a withdrawal limit of $500,000 but I currently do not have that in my crypto holdings so I'm good to go. Nexo is based in Switzerland and offers different tiers of interest rates for your cryptocurrency. Depending on how many Nexo tokens you hold within your account you will level up from base to silver to gold until you reach platinum which is the highest tier. When you reach platinum you will get a 5% interest rate on your cryptocurrency and 10% on your stable coins but to have a fair comparison with all the other companies that I'm gonna mention we're gonna stick to the base tier. So the base interest rates are 4% on crypto and 8% on stable coins. If you decide to get paid in Nexo tokens you will get an additional 2%. This feature is currently only available for people outside of the United States. On top of that if you hold Nexo tokens within your account you will get an additional 7% on your Nexo holdings.  One important note you don't need any Nexo tokens within your account it's basically just an incentive for you to purchase it because then you will get rewarded with a higher interest rate. As an example if you hold $100,000 in Bitcoin you will get roughly $6,000 in interest a year based on today's Bitcoin price. BlockFi, another great company that I actively use especially because they have really cool tools that I love. Let's start with the interest rates. So BlockFi doesn't pay you the same interest rate on any amount of cryptocurrency you hold. So BlockFi decided to create different tiers and each tier has different interest rates. For example, on your first 0.1 Bitcoin you will earn 4.5% a year and for the next 0.25 you'll get 1%. And everything above 0.35 Bitcoin will get 0.1% in interest. This is very important because if you don't read the fine print you will assume that you will get 4.5% on everything which isn't the case. Same concept with stablecoins. For example, for the first $40,000 in USDC you will receive 9% and 8% on everything above that. What's really cool about BlockFi is that you don't need a special coin that's tied to the platform to increase your interest rates. And now I quickly wanna talk about that one specific tool I'm in love with. My BlockFi credit card. Every time I purchase something I will get 1.5% in cashback in form of Bitcoin deposited into my savings account where it immediately starts creating interest for me. I'm just obsessed with this because I never use my cashback or at least I just wait and forget about it. This way I constantly purchase more Bitcoin and just wait and let it grow. So BlockFi is based in the United States which makes it very interesting for US investors in terms of safety. Another example, if you hold $100,000 in Bitcoin you will get roughly $494 in interest a year based on today's Bitcoin price. Celsius. So Celsius is a platform I don't actively use but it's a platform that I did research on. So Celsius is based in England which could be a no-go for US investors depending on your risk tolerance. But if you are located in the United States and you wanna give it a try here's what you can get. Celsius offers 8.88% on stablecoins such as USDC or USDT and 6.2% on the first Bitcoin you hold and 3.51% on everything above one Bitcoin. At least that's how it reads but I believe what they meant is that if you hold more than one Bitcoin you will get 3.51%. At least that's what the calculator does.  This would increase your interest rates to 11.21% on stablecoins and your interest rate on Bitcoin to 4.4%. Another example, if you hold $100,000 in Bitcoin you will get roughly $3,570 in interest a year based on today's Bitcoin price. Obviously there are a lot more companies out there that offer similar interest rates but based on the information I gathered I believe that these three companies are worth checking out.


the IS-curve equilibrium in the goods market. The students, we are talking about ISLM framework. In the last lesson, we drew the labour market in this framework, we drew the FE line, we understood it. And today, we will see the goods market in this framework, how we will represent the goods market. So, IS-curve will represent the equilibrium of goods market. We know about goods market that it will be clear. By the way, any market is clear when demand and supply are equal. So, when aggregate demand and aggregate supply of goods market are equal, it will be clear. But we can also say this in another way, that when the desired investment is equal to the desired national saving, it will clear the goods market. So, adjustment in the real interest rate brings equilibrium in the goods market. So, desired national saving and desired investment brings equality in the goods market. Who brings equality? The real interest rate is equal to these two. So, for any level of output Y, the IS-curve shows the real interest rate R for which the goods market is in equilibrium. Now, we will draw it also. So, IS-curve, what will it show? IS-curve Y, that is output, and the real interest rate of those pairs will be made clear by the goods market. So, we will derivation of IS-curve. With the aggregate demand and supply, we will draw it with the equality of national saving and investment. Okay. So, on the left hand side of the panel, you can see that on the horizontal axis, we are taking the desired national saving, ST and desired investment. And on the vertical axis, we are taking the real interest rate. And on the right hand side, we have told that we want to discuss all the markets in the space of Y and R. So, from this, we will talk about the goods market equilibrium, and then we will transform it into the space of Y and R. Okay. So, you have this curve on the investment curve. We know that the investment has a negative relationship with its interest rate. When the interest rate increases, then the user's cost of capital increases, the desired capital stock decreases, and the investment increases, and vice versa. So, there is a negative relationship between the real interest rate and the investment. We have drawn this curve. It is a positive slope curve. It is a saving curve. Okay. One of the positive slopes is that when the interest rate increases, it is more beneficial for people to save. There is more attraction. Because you are getting more rewards for saving. So, the saving curve is the positive slope. An increase in the interest rate will increase the saving. But you know that the saving is related to the interest rate, and the saving is related to the income. Even the income increases, the saving increases. Since we are working in this two-dimensional space, where we have only two axes and two variables, we are taking a saving curve and we are taking a real interest rate on the other. So, the third variable is the income. We cannot take it in two-dimensional space. So, we are constantly assuming it. So, we have drawn the saving curve of the positive slope. We are assuming that the income is somewhere constant. The income level is 4000. This is the saving curve. So, the intersection between saving and investment will clear your goods market. And where is the intersection? At point D is the intersection. What is the situation on D? Suppose that the interest rate on D is 7%. And in this right space, we have combined the interest rate of 7% with the income of 4000. For example, we have the D point on the intersection. We have denoted it from D. What is D on the left side? Investment and the equality of saving. D is coming. And when we transform it in that space in which we have Y on the x-axis and R on the vertical axis, then when we join the 7% interest rate with the income of 4000, then you will get the D point. That is the pair of Y and the interest rate. The income and the interest rate is the pair on which our goods market is cleared in equilibrium. Okay. So, look at this curve. What is this? The right world shift has shifted. Why has it shifted? That is why we assume that the income is 5000 instead of 4000. What will happen then? Any interest rate, that is 7% interest rate, according to this curve, the same interest rate is due to an increased income. Now, we are saving more. So, the same interest rate is due to an increased income. Okay. Now, due to an increased income, the right world shift has shifted. Now, the intersection point, D is not clearing the goods market. The interest rate of D is 7%. On that, the situation is that the saving is too much. And obviously, the investment is 7% interest rate. In the market of loanable funds, there are more people who pay the loan. On the 7% interest rate, there are more people who want to pay the loan, but the investors who want to pay the loan are less. So, what will happen then? Whenever there is an increase in the supply of some share, its demand decreases, its price decreases. So, the price of loanable funds is of interest rate. So, the interest rate has to be less in this way. And the equilibrium point will come to F. On the F, the new saving curve and the investment curve will intersect with each other. So, this will be the new equilibrium point. What is the new equilibrium point? The interest rate has decreased from 7%. We assume that the interest rate has decreased from 5%. So, the lower interest rate has decreased due to an increased income of 4,000 to 5,000. So, in this space, when we join this 5% interest rate with 5,000 income, then you will get F point. So, in the right side diagram of D and F point, we join them. So, this curve is known as IS curve. IS curve means, that this is the curve in which we have created Y and Interest rate. Because we have told all the markets that we want to simultaneously discuss labour market, goods market and assets market in the space of Y and R. So, here we have the equilibrium of goods market in the left panel. We have the equilibrium of goods market in the space of R, saving and investment. So, now we have transformed it into R and Y in the space of R and Y.  This is a negatively sloped curve. And what does this curve tell? This curve tells that these are the pairs of Y and R on which your goods market is cleared. That is, at every point of this curve, your goods market is cleared. Investment, goods market is cleared. What does it mean to be cleared? That at every point of this curve, investment and saving are equal. Okay. So, let's summarize this once again. Let's see what are the features. The saving curve slopes upward because our higher real interest rate increases the saving. I have explained these things in the diagrams. I have written them here again. Quickly we will go through it. Why are the saving curves positively sloped? Because in real interest rate, people will save more and increasing output will shift the saving curve. That is, in interest rate, changes will come, and you will move along the saving curve. And when income changes, this will shift your saving curve. Higher income will shift it rightward and vice versa. The investment curve slopes downward. We have made the investment curve sloped because there is a negative relationship of investment curve and interest rate. So, we have taken two different output levels of 4000 and 5000. At the higher level of output, the saving curve is shifted to the right compared to the situation at the lower level of output. Since the investment curve is downward sloping, okay, so equilibrium at the higher level of output has a lower interest rate. The investment curve is negatively sloped. What will happen in the interest rate to shift the saving curve? So, the higher level of output must lead to a lower real interest rate. So, the IS curve slopes downward. The IS curve shows the relationship between the real interest rate and the output for which investment equals saving. That is, IS curve is equal to investment and saving and goods market demand and supply. So, another alternative interpretation of goods market is that suppose we are starting at an equilibrium point and a real interest rate is raised. There is a point where goods market is clear about the real interest rate. If there is an increase then what will happen? In real interest rate this will cause people to increase saving. If there is an increase in interest rate then people will save more. This means that people will reduce the consumption. Right? If there is a reduction in consumption then the increase in interest rate will also reduce the investment. So, the total demand in goods market is the same component. Condemption is a major component of demand and investment. If there is an increase in interest rate then both the components will reduce which means that the aggregate demand in goods market is reduced. So, the number of goods demanded declines. So, the number of goods suppliers would have to decline. So, higher real interest rate are associated with lower output i.e. the IS curve slopes downward. So, today we have derived the IS curve and discussed it. What is the IS curve? As we discussed in the first line we are developing a framework in the space of Y and R and the IS curve is the equilibrium of the Y and R pairs. Thank you very much.


So I'm Gavin. Compared to last year, some of you may or may not know that I've worked with Moodle for nine years and ran the Moodle Meet for the last, whatever, four years before here. But last September, I joined Moodle HQ as a community projects manager. So it's been a very interesting journey. But let's start off. If you've been to any of my other presentations today, you'll know what's coming next. So let's whip out your mobile app or just access the Mood site, please. And there's a few short questions there. I just want to start off this with. And someone's going to ask me at the coffee break, Gavin, are you trying to demonstrate the usefulness of the choice activity for audience response? I mean, never thought of that. I mean, all that lovely money you paid to as a touring point and other clicker technology, can't imagine why you'd want to save spending all that money. However, let's go and have a look. So there's a few different questions in there. So the first one is, what version of Moodle are you currently using? So if you can go in, please, and come on. Come on, Phil, go in there. What? No, no, it's on. It's through the mobile app. Two point. Yeah. Come on. This is, if you log into the mobile app, there's a course called Responses. And this is basically showing real time information. Well, near real time, as the technical people say, information of what's coming in that choice. So this is something which we're looking at also, maybe ending up in core, is a teacher view, so they can use it while you're in class. So we have 3.0, 2.9, and 2.8. Oh, I'm surprised there isn't more people on 2.7. Oh, it's fighting back. Well, if you're on multiple Moodles, okay. Yeah, pick the highest number you can think of, and add two. Somebody's on 1.9 or below. That person needs a hug. Where are you? Where are you? You need a hug. Okay. It was a joke. That's okay then. Right, so 2.8. It's actually quite nice to see so many already on 3.0. And I think that one of the challenges, I think it was Andrew Boyk from Catalyst, talking about this whole idea of continuous integration and constantly trying to stay up to date. I mean, most people do a major upgrade once a year. And so it's really interesting to see what versions they go to and when they go on. In the Northern Hemisphere, most people seem to go to like 3.0 in this coming summer. And that's what one of the next questions were. So as soon as it refreshes. If you go on to the mobile, well then if you just log in on the website, it's the same. It's called. Yeah, go to your dashboard. It's under Moodle Moot responses. So if you're upgrading, what are you upgrading to? Okay, 3.1. So you're all looking forward to all that CBE stuff. So what's the one reason you're going 3.1 over say going 3.0? Anybody? Pardon? So it's the long-term support. Yeah, I mean, that's why I was surprised so few on 2.7. Because that long-term support is really useful for an institution to not have to retrain each year. Of course, the downside is you don't get all the sexy stuff every year or every six months. But if you don't mind, if you don't want some sexy in your education, that's okay. Let's have a look at any of these others here. So does your organization use the mobile app? Wow, okay. Really like the second one there. So between yes, but no, but plan two, 63%. So nearly two thirds. That's cool. Obviously we've been using the mobile app to demonstrate that it actually is useful now. And especially with the calendar and all that sort of stuff, but I'll come to it later. But I particularly like this use for audience response. Now, since we're going to, oh wow, that's pretty emphatic. It's lucky. Did someone hear my comments downstairs by any chance? So I scoped out Liverpool and Manchester last year to try and make a decision on where to hold them out and then ended up doing it back in Dublin. But Birmingham's coming back up, please no, no. I was nearly born in Birmingham. I was born in Coventry. Two hours later, I would have been Birmingham. At least people forgive me for being born in Coventry. Is it no one here's from Coventry as well, are you? That's okay. Yeah. So yeah, so obviously we're going to take this into account, but my favorite was certainly Manchester for the Moodle Mood next year because it has some kick-ass jazz clubs. Really important to get your priorities straight. Okay. So just before we move on, so what do you think of using a choice and this for interactive response in a say teaching session or a conference? Awesome. Yeah. Okay, cool. Yeah, well basically that is a 20 line PHP script calling the web services from the mobile app. It basically goes give me a list of the choices I can use and then when it selects it, it just says give me the results for that and use graph.js. But we are intending to try and get that, or at least Martin said wherever he's hiding. He's there. So what? It should be in the app and on the web at the teacher view. So you can just do this out of Moodle. So yeah, so in that way we will release it. But it took my other half I think an hour or two to put together. I love graph.js, it's just so sexy, the stuff it does. Okay, moving along. It's a road. Except you wouldn't be able to cycle along this one. Well, at least not at the speeds that he cycles. So when I say cycle, it's more like electronic projection. It's like. Really, are you sure? Okay, okay. So what's this about? Well, over the last 20 years of me using technology and working in business, I've had a very windy road in my career. I've worked in hotel trade. I'm a qualified PR consultant, which you probably never guess. And I've worked in telecoms, worked in ISPs. But then it's always been sort of going around technology, a little bit of education and did a sort of a Jeb IT trainer thing to sort of get an idea around that. But I started off working with a Moodle partner and then got into Moodle and started blogging about it and started reflecting and sort of being part of the community and wanting to share and reflect on things like I started reviewing plugins from the plugin database because people were saying, hey, Gavin, what ones are good? And I go, I've no idea. So I'd go off and play with them. And it was really interesting to sort of be sharing and then be part of a community and start becoming part of a community. And that sort of journey, it wasn't sort of becoming a thing. It was more becoming a part of a thing. And it was a really interesting process from looking back at it because the more I got involved, the more I got feedback, the more I wanted to get involved. And clearly I like writing way too much. So three books at this stage, all collaborated with other people who probably did most of the work. But it's again, it's about sharing ideas. And it's about giving back, it's about trying to reflect on the process, reflect on the business one, there's case studies in there, which are really cool, some of them. Didn't write them all, but they were quite cool. So I was with Innovation for about three and a half years and they do a huge amount of different open source software. Now they're actually not here. They're one of the Ireland UK partners who weren't able to make it this week. But it really opened my eyes to the community and the overall, because they started off with Moodle in Ireland and when someone came along and said, hey, we need a learning management system. And they went, okay. And I went, well, we haven't got really a very big budget. If you're a service provider, I bet you've never heard that before. So they looked out there and they found Moodle. And this was, I think 12 years ago now. So they'd been using it for a while before I joined them. And it was a really interesting experience working with people and working and starting to learn about the Moodle community, about you, about other people sharing their ideas, by sharing code and that whole different way of thinking. Because before that, I'd done software development. I'd had a software development company with all closed source. It was proprietary. It was license driven. It was a very different mentality. And your worth was based on your product and your code and stuff rather than actually on the sharing aspect of it and which made it more valuable. So it was a complete mind shift. And I think over time, worked with them, I said three and a half years. And when I left them, went off to the States in Canada for a while and came back, set up by myself and I went, okay, I'm not a Moodle partner anymore, not working for one. But maybe I want to become one at some stage, but I wanted to keep giving back to the community. So that's when I started running the Moodle Moods four years ago. And it was really interesting seeing what people wanted getting people involved in the program committees and seeing how that worked and that people were so willing to share. I mean, we're here, there's 335 people who showed up for this conference. Last five years, it's been consistently over 300. Edinburgh was 400. I'm not quite sure why, but there was like a hundred Scottish people at the Edinburgh Conference. How many people from Scotland now? Two, three. I think that's the difference basically. It's like the Welsh. I keep getting asked to run a Moodle Mood in Wales and I'm going, okay, but no one ever comes out of Wales. Like there's one person, where is he hiding? He's gone. So, pardon? Welcome.  It's been a really interesting process of working with everyone in the community and moving around and seeing how people are so willing to share and so willing to be part of that community and how much they get back from the feedback from their presentations. And it's, I mean, I know some people are serial sort of presenters at this stage who just want to present every year in as many as possible. I think it's great. But then this sort of led me to last year going, well, my business has been there for four years. Either I then tried to become a Moodle partner and grew and got big and competed with all the guys here or I went, made a change. So I was really lucky to join HQ and I feel privileged to now be more in an integral part of the community and the community team here. Because it's, it is a privilege to work with these people who literally have a completely different vision. And part of this is why this is a windy road. This is a journey of ideology and a way of changing how you view things and how you interact. Not just on it.  This Moodle Mood basically pays for itself with the sponsor's help and they fund about a third of it. Otherwise you'd be paying real conference rates. I know that it's not cheap in London but it could be a lot worse. But it's really interesting and seeing a different vision. And even from the outside and the inside it was quite a big mind jump. And I'm still on that road. Still wobbling on my bike, going down that road. And the community team in Moodle, they look after obviously the main Moodle site. They look after Moodle docs, languages, all of these aspects which interact with you on a daily basis. I mean, I mean, when we looked at some of the statistics of how often Moodle docs pages are being looked at and it's just astounding. Ridiculous amount. But things change. And we can see that, for example, the community interacts with Moodle more on Twitter and on Facebook and in other areas and not just on Moodle.org. So the community adapts with technology and we adapt in responding to that. And the Moodle Mood, us running, our HQ running, official Moodle Mood is part of that. That we want to be seen to be more involved. And I think that's a really important thing. I mean, this year, I have the really difficult task of having to run a Moodle Mood in Hollywood, Perth in Australia and Rome. It's a terrible job, but someone's got it to it. Actually, yeah, because it's like the Hilton Los Angeles in LA and it's the Hilton Universal right beside Universal Park. I mean, there are worse places. Well, actually, it's nearly as good as this place except it's not all underground. So I feel a bit like we should be in Wimbledon Common here, not beside the Thames. But speaking of official Moodle Moods, that was a picture from the first one. You can see these lovely letters which I have now. These are my hand luggage on their lingus. I'm not sure they're gonna charge me extra or not, but it should be an interesting one. But those letters started off, there's a group of them off in Australia. Someone's looking after the ones over in the US and these are now my baby. However, Hideo, where are you? So he today just signed the agreement to be the official Moodle Mood in Japan. So, now the Japanese Moodle Mood is a little bit different to this one. This one's much more practitioner driven. So there is some research and I'd say about one eighth to sort of slightly more research based here. But the Japanese Moodle Mood is very uniquely, it has a very strong research base. So if next, I believe February 14th, yeah? So if you are not doing anything on February 14th or you've been kicked out of the house, Japan Moodle Mood, I know that's where I'd like to go. So unfortunately, I think if I went to it, I'd get kicked out of the house. So that's good, so that's another one. And this year we also had the Indian Moodle Mood, it was an official Moodle Mood. And next year we'll probably run that one. And we're also looking at a Latin American one as well. So it's gonna be very interesting times because this gives us a much closer relationship with you. Because we get to get that sort of feedback and interaction, which is so valuable. And it's what drives Moodle. And the other side of Moodle community, especially for me, because I've got two hats. I actually don't wear any hats, but I've got two hats. And it's sort of, I also work with the Moodle partners on the business side of things. And I mean, the Moodle partners primarily fund Moodle. I mean, Mark has explained that you have the Moodle User Association, which will help fund one aspect of development and donations and so on. But so the Moodle partners are an essential and integral part of what makes Moodle work. And every time you use a Moodle partner, a portion of that revenue goes directly back to help fund the development of Moodle. I think that's an amazingly circular relationship. That we support them to support you, to support us. And it just makes Moodle just roll along. And so it's really interesting, because a lot of these companies are small to medium-sized companies. I think at this Moodle meet, we fought 14 Moodle partners here, Martin, was it? Yeah, and which is brilliant. I think it's amazing. Some of them I've never met before. And it was a real privilege to work with these people who are so dedicated in supporting institutions. I think it was the Portuguese Moodle partner I hadn't met before. Is he still here? He's down at the back. And of course, we've got then, so we have some small businesses the whole way up to Blackboard and Phil over there. And so it takes a lot of different types of companies to deliver those sort of services, but it's a privilege working with them and helping them and listening to them because they also have the ear of an awful lot of people who are using Moodle sort of in anger as such. So, on the project side, I'm partly involved in mobile. And as you can probably guess at this stage, I like the mobile app. I don't know if that came across yet, no? So, but what's, I mean, for me, before I worked with innovation, I had worked in telecoms and primarily mobile telecoms. And we had built one of the first TV interactive Java apps, remember those? It's like a red button thing, but on a mobile. It was some really interesting stuff with some of the big sort of reality TV shows when they were beginning. And so understanding mobile and where mobile is and how people use mobile, and that now there is more traffic on the web on mobile than there is on a normal desktop or even a tablet. So people want to interact that way, but how they use mobile is quite interesting. They use mobile for education in the same way that they have used mobile for quite a while, primarily for messaging and consumption. And, but it's the activities, I think, which will bring it to the next level. So, if we look at messaging, so first one's obviously notifications. If you've got notifications turned on your profile, you'll have been cased by notifications for the calendar events, which again, we're trying to show that this is how your students could be getting alerts for classrooms, deadlines, whatever it might be. And so that's the way it works and you can see the information that's shown in there. And we had it synced, the calendar synced up with Twitter. Although I think the first time we synced it with Twitter, it was synced with Eastern Standard Time. So that was a bit of an echo. However, it got fixed. So it's, and then you've got obviously the forums, which now work and you can interact through the forums on there. And we're also planning that that can be sort of an offline sync eventually as well, that you can reply offline and eventually it just gets pushed in. And the messaging obviously, some people have been using that messaging already and messaging me going, Gavin, what's the address code for the dinner? This was a guy messaging me and I sort of went, okay, well actually it's smart casual, but if you want to come in a dress, that's perfectly okay. He didn't reply back. So I'm not so sure about that one there, but it's my standard reply when people ask about dress codes. And then you've got the other side of the app. So you got, that's the messaging. You have I think comprehensive functionality already there, although we're working to improve it. Then you've got the whole aspect of around the courses itself. So the course structures, the content that you can have pages there, you can have documents, you can have books, and you can get all that offline. You can go into a course and go download all, just a little cloud with the down arrow and it takes it offline. So while you're in the tube or you're out hill walking and where is Tim currently walking along? It's Norfolk. Norfolk, he's walking along in the rain, Tim Hunt on holidays. So he could be there doing some CPD SCORM object on his mobile without any mobile coverage. I imagine he's doing that right now, Health and Safety 101. But it's that kind of functionality, being able to really be mobile. I think that's gonna be really powerful for students, that they can go on campus, get their all the content offline and then use it without using up their data on their mobile as well. So I think that's just really special. But that obviously has challenges because you need to think about, well, if I embed content from everywhere, they can't download a copy of it. And I'm always a fan of using YouTube because if you're gonna use a bit of free technology to transcode your video. When I was working on mobile, we had transcoding engines and it is the most complicated, expensive thing on the planet to transcode video the whole time. So YouTube doing it, thank you very much. But if you want it downloadable, you have to use MP4s. And actually on LearnMoodle, a lot of people do download the MP4 as well so they can have a copy of it offline. So it's something to think about. Because when you think about using in a classroom, you might give printouts. It's what I call takeaways from education. You need to do that on mobile as well. You need to enable that. Now, very briefly going through these, this is what we have online and offline in the different feature sets in the mobile app currently. And we're constantly working to improve it. We now have three people in the team. We've two of them here on the table at the front. So it's constantly working away on it. The quiz, really super sexy stuff at the moment. I love it. We're working on, so how's the offline stuff coming? When do you think that'll be ready there, Juan? Two weeks, okay. Thank you, Juan. And then of assignment submission as well. So the fact you'll be able to do all of this sort of stuff, so most student experience can be done just through the mobile app. I mean, to me, that's like a nirvana. That is heaven for the students. They're totally in control of that engagement. And of course it works single sign-on. One of the challenges with the MoodleMood site is that it's single signs on Moodle.org. But it's worked, most of you are using it. I think it's 60% of people at the conference here are using it, so I think that's great. But people have been asking us going, you know what, we want our own brand. We want, for example, a DCU mobile app or we want an ICT mobile app or whatever it might be. And we're saying, well, it's open source, you can do it and they go, yeah, but you know what? Our IT department said, great idea, get someone else to do it. Or they just said, no. And anyone from the IT department who keep hearing me say, call you to the department of no, that's just what other people tell me about you. I'm sorry, but it is, it's totally like, so the idea of this is branded, it'll be called your institution name Moodle or not Moodle if you rebrand it and that we will then just do the publishing for you and look after all of that. And one of the Moodle partners will work with you to advise you on what you might have to change. Because if they look at your site and say, hey, you have 5,000 scorms, that's cool. 4,995 of them are in flash, not so cool. So they will be able to help and advise you on what you might need to do to change or if the settings or a version that you need to upgrade. So that's part of the overall service. And it's something that we basically currently release, I think it's a monthly, isn't it? Yeah. So for this one, we're just planning to do it every two months because there is a significant amount of work to republish with all the updates. So that's a service that we're going to be offering with the Moodle partners. So if you're interested, come along and chat to me and I'll point you in the direction of which Moodle partner to go and have a talk to or chat to them and they'll come to us. Okay. Oh, just to explain the simplified login. If you had a look at the Learn Moodle app, when you go into it, it just points you directly at the Learn Moodle site. So this would be the same for you. They would just go directly at your Moodle site. They wouldn't have to add the URL in or anything like that, which the normal mobile app has. So it makes a seamless experience. And that's really important. So I heard Mark Brown let a cat out of the bag or at least I was up in the office and I heard it screaming. So he introduced, what was it? The DCU Open Academy, was it? Or something like that. So a lot of people are running MOOCs on Moodle. Some of them run it on their institutional Moodle and some of them run it on secondary Moodle. I think someone was saying, oh yeah, we have an external Moodle for anyone not in the institution sit because our IT won't let them in, which is a good idea. You don't want 30,000 people in for three weeks on your infrastructure. It might creak a little like this stage or at least with me on it. So the idea here is that Moodle allows you to innovate. So in the presentation I gave on MOOCs, when you have your own Moodle module in your Moodle course and then you run an equivalent one as a MOOC, you can make changes, you can experiment, you can do A-B testing and sort of give different types of assessment, run two parallel streams of learners through it, which would be very hard for you to get ethical approval for doing that type of research on your current student cohort. And then what you learn from that, you can bring back in because it's the same platform. You own the content, so it's a commonality. You can copy and reuse. And I think these are some of the key things and it's also leveraging the skills because if you already are using Moodle, you'll need to learn another platform or figure out, well, what features the equivalent of quiz or workshop or whatever it might be. So in response to a lot of requests, we're launching Moodle Academy, which is gonna be a centralized MOOC hosting platform ran and hosted by Moodle. So that institutions will be able to choose to basically use that software as a service solution so that they would say, hey, we have a four week course, we wanna run it for 60,000 people. They can just put it out there and then we'll be able to look after the hosting and stuff of that. There's obviously a whole sort of process about we will have experience with running MOOCs and not just learn Moodle but also outside of that. So it's a service we'll be able to offer again with the Moodle partners to try and help you be able to run MOOCs on Moodle but in a way that is cost-effective. So this is just a few screenshots of some of the mock-ups that we have at the moment. This will be May, June, aiming for. We have two partners already and we'll be looking for some more. There's a few interesting parts of it. You can see that in the my courses part, which is there's actually sort of completion tracking built into there. Completion tracking built into the course catalog part or the my courses area of Moodle, including percentages. Oh, oops, go back up one. So this page, every single institution will have their own little landing page which is I think quite DCU's calling there as the DCU Academy. And again, we really believe this as Academy in the truest sense where people can come together and sort of share that experience and bring that learning aspect to a different level rather than just running it on their own individual Moodle site, they can leverage others around them. Also have sort of a slightly different dashboard because obviously, unlike a normal Moodle site where there aren't current upcoming and archived courses necessarily, it depends on how you manage them. This is a different interface to be able to use this as a MOOC environment. Also, yeah, very big picture there. Obviously Moodle has it usually a little bit smaller but a different profile interface. So I think I was mentioning this to someone at the Hackfest, was it? I don't know if they're still here. But again, it's just about having a more MOOC-like environment based on Moodle. Also made changes to the actual management interface. So this is what editing turned on. So it's using more of the modern sleek type of layout for editing rather than words, icons, that kind of thing which would be, again, quite standard on a lot of applications. So also along the left there, you have the completion tracking rather than on the right. I think a few people do that now. And we also have completion tracking on a literally section by section basis within the course as well. So it's a variation of a topic, a topic course format. Also on the right hand side, one of the things which we made a change was for a discussion block. Who here uses the comment block on Moodle? Okay. So the comment block on Moodle is one where you actually are bottom posting rather than top posting. So you read through all the comments and then at the bottom you write in. Where this one is using the format very similar to Twitter, Facebook, YouTube or you top post. So it's just a subtle change in that respect. And so that's sort of academy and that's basically what it is. It's something which we will run those courses or host those courses while you run them. You work with you and with the partners to actually get you to optimize your course because not everyone is familiar with running MOOCs. You might all be running those modules as 12, 16 week courses. But when you come to think about them as a MOOC, it is a little bit different as Mary will have gone through with some people on the master class on Tuesday. So you have to think differently. It's very much project managed, how you facilitate, how you engage, how you structure and also the cadence of a course is different to make sure that you don't suffer the challenges of the funnel of engagement in these things which are again, research based being problems of how people engage with these courses. I think it was really interesting point in one of the earlier sessions of surveying people and actually asking them what their expectation is at the very, very beginning because how do you know if someone's successful in a MOOC? Well, they say so rather than you say so. So for them to say so, you need to know what was their goal. It's been a nine year journey for me using Moodle and there's so much ahead. I mean, I feel really privileged to have been working with the community for the last time, especially over the last four years with Moodle Moods and now to be working with HQ, it's really good. So there's a lot of really cool things ahead and 3.1 and another project that we're doing in Moodle Cloud and so on. So that's it from me. So sorry for all the roads, but this is the road ahead and we're going into a very luchas valley there. So thank you.