Good morning. Bonjour. My name is Beth Tequibiti. I'll be moderating this session from Slanguelas International and we're based in Cape Town. So you will see on the slide a run-up of our agenda today. It is my privilege to moderate this session. We are here to explore different approaches for making sure that local lecturers can take a key role in adaptation. As SDI, we work with informal settlements and slums and communities of the urban pool adapt. Of course, they have no choice in the matter. If there's flooding, they have to find ways to resolve that. If there are fires, they have to find a way to resolve that. So in the same or cares for fisher for or communities or pastoralists are living with the impact of climate change. A big issue around the global discourse currently is how we take adaptation to the local level to enhance and scale up the initiatives that are occurring. These dialogues are being organized by ENDA, IID, the viral commission. I'm sorry if I'm leaving another organization, but this is a collective of organizations that are committed to local lead adaptation and we are taking part in these dialogues to ensure that we accentuate the voice to practically use the principles of local lead adaptation that have been developed over the last year. We will have keynote addresses, we will have breakout sessions where we will be able to discuss enablers and issues that challenge local lead adaptation. We hopefully will be able to find an opportunity to discuss what we see as the next steps. We are fortunate that we have Miss Alicia Herbert with the special envoy for gender and equity from the United Kingdom, Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Development Office to give us our keynote address. She will focus on the spotlight on Africa and the work that the UK government is doing and committing to this process. I would like to just check if Alicia is now available so we can start. Beth I'm here, can you hear me? Yes I can and welcome and thank you very much. It's great to meet you. The spotlight is on you, please go ahead. Okay thank you very much and I've been here all along listening to your introduction to the session. It is a good day, good morning wherever you are in the world. Friends and colleagues, it's an absolute pleasure to be speaking as part of this regional dialogue on locally led participation and adaptation. In my role as a UK special envoy for gender equality and indeed throughout my career in development, I've had the privilege of learning about the experiences of people and communities around the world who are at the forefront of climate change. Climate related disasters and increasingly unpredictable weather events are having a profound and often devastating impact on the lives and livelihoods ecosystems and economies around the world. As we all know, as you all know, there is a wealth of knowledge held in local communities, held by local communities, by women, by young people, by indigenous people which is vital for successfully dealing with these impacts, combining tradition with innovation to build resilience. And this group heard a number of inspiring case studies at the first series of these regional dialogues in September, focusing on successful examples of peer-to-peer capacity building, devolved decision making, support for indigenous led action and promotion of innovative practices to name just a few areas. We know that progress is already being made across the world, however there's a limit to what can be achieved without the necessary enabling environment. And so we, as the international community, must do more to help support and drive effective adaptation on the ground and this is a critical aim of the UK's COP presidency. This requires amplifying the voices of those who are not often heard and making local community agents of change. This requires change across all levels of society and across the development finance infrastructure and architecture. We must prioritise locally led adaptation and decision making and implementation so that marginalised people and communities are empowered to protect their own future and finance is accessible to those who need it most. We must learn from approaches like the LDC initiative for effective adaptation and resilience, the LIFE AR programme of which the UK is a supporter and that programme recognises that countries, local communities, organisations and authorities are the experts in informing the decisions on how to prepare for climate change in their own context. The LIFE AR is focused on supporting countries to develop tailored financial mechanisms to channel ultimately up to 70% of all climate funds to local levels. With Fijian and the partners, the UK presidency launched a task force on access to climate finance to align programmematic support behind national plans and improve access to climate finance flows. The task force will develop a set of principles and recommendations to underpin and to guide the new approaches to access with climate finance providers and recipients encouraged to sign up by the time of COP26. The way in which we undertake research and use of evidence must also change. For example, the adaptation research alliance is seeking to catalyse a paradigm shift so that research responds to local needs, focuses on action and informs decision making. The alliance will seek to strengthen collaboration between southern led local organisations and the global north to enhance capacity building. We encourage all of those engaged in building our collective knowledge base to endorse the alliance's results-oriented adaptation research principles. In making locally led adaptation a central priority of the COP presidency, we not only want to amplify the calls for greater support for locally led action but to also address the barriers that restrict and prevent finance flowing to the local level. COP26 in November just a few weeks away provides a fantastic opportunity, a key opportunity to amplify the importance of locally led adaptation, to share lessons about progress already made and to bring together donors, SIDS and LDCs on this agenda. We must ensure momentum is continued into the African COP27 presidency and beyond and so I look forward to continuing to work together to champion this crucial agenda. Huge thanks for the opportunity to address this group this morning. Thank you and I pass back to you now. I think thank you very much Alicia. It's for all of us here these are really critical and I want to use a new families in almost like music to our ears to understand the position of the UK government around local led adaptation. We will move so thank you very much. We will move forward with our next speaker who is Inezah Grace Umohosa. I'm hoping I'm pronouncing your name properly. She's the founder and CEO of Green Fighter and Co-Director of Laws and Damage Youth Foundation. Inezah, we are so thrilled that you could join us. The spotlight is on you. Please go ahead with your address. Thank you. Thank you so much. Can I please confirm that you can hear me clearly because I have a very funny mic. We can hear you clearly. Can people just put thumbs up to inform Grace that you can hear her? Great. Okay. Thank you so much. I would like to start by thanking you for the invitation. It is important to ensure that in the local led adaptation, youth and women, especially from the gobo south voices are included. For this, I would like to thank the organizers of the event to name a few. I'm not sure if I'm pronouncing it correctly. The International Institute for Environment and Development, Sam Durr's International, South South North, and others who make this possible. Grobo South community did less to contribute to the current climate change, but yet we are at the front line to experience the negative impact of climate change. Communities, organization, youth groups, local leaders at the front line of the climate change and the so-called natural crisis have both the firsthand information and knowledge on how to cope. But we are not part of the decision-making process, and this is exactly what the principle of locally led adaptation, which will be touched on in more detail shortly at today's dialogue, is looking to address. To showcase and scale up innovative funding and governance models that enable locally led adaptation. My name is Inesa, and Beth, you did pronounce it correctly. Inesa comes from the language, and it means kindness. I am an impact driven self-motivated eco-feminist in the climate change sector, serving the global community based in Uganda. My country is small, but yet beautiful, located in Africa. Our economic development is vulnerable and exposed to the negative effect of the climate change. For example, in the rural area, three in five people rely on agriculture as the main source of economic development. Rain-fed agriculture is the most common. Associated with our amazing mountain, this sector is highly vulnerable to a slight increase of rainfall intensity or the rain scarcity. In 2020 alone, despite the challenge of living in the COVID pandemic, we lost more than 4,000 hectares of crop. This is not something that we want to see being a normality because women and children and also youth are the most vulnerable. It is a common reality in most developing countries where flooding, drought, erosion, cyclone, heatwaves, and so many more are most of the reality check of our community. Today, even developed countries are exposed to, but we are neither hopeless nor without a solution. Frontline community developed resilience as a coping measure and have diverse approaches. With the right attention, consideration, and especially with a non-truxistic inclusion, they can help our planet regenerate faster. Locally led adaptation is one of the effective means because the local actors understand the full scope of the context which makes it easier for them to generate innovation and creativity. But the access of finance for the locally led adaptation is challenging, not only for youth, but also for countries too, especially developing ones. That is why today's dialogue on the law to COP26 is so important for highlighting the need for locally led adaptation and identifying the changes that need to the system to be making. Locally led adaptation means tangible hope for the community to achieve resilience by coping to the negative effect of climate change while also striving for the social, health, and economic sector development of our community. The great green world is one of the examples that come in mind. Community in the Sahara region are able to have access to food, technology, and economic development while also breeding their climate resilience. These and other similar initiatives need to be strengthened, shared, and scale around and shared around the world. The UNFCC COP26 is coming in a few weeks. The gap of locally led adaptation leads to loss and damage. Loss and damage is what happens when it is too late to either mitigate or adapt to climate change impact. And the past climate in action of global leaders leads to have a full range of loss and damage that is currently our reality and to us, especially the youth, we call it the most climate injustice of our generation. Loss and damage is the most injustice we are facing, so we want loss and damage to be a priority at COP26 and beyond. And we also want to see more action on the ground, and the locally led adaptation is one way to ensure this. Today, we have all come together united by our interest and passion on locally led adaptation, and it is important that we clear on what our COP26 ask is for locally led adaptation. Is it more investment of the principle and stronger commitment to implementation? Is it calling on loss and damage and locally led adaptation as specific for COP26 by the incoming African presidency? Is it the fund of one three billion fund dedicated to support the locally led adaptation? I look forward to hear more on your ideas. Thank you so much. Thank you so much, Inez, for such an inspiring conversation and making time to join us. For me, the greatest take from your speech is that we are not hopeless. We do have solutions, and ultimately what we are seeking is that those solutions be scaled up to address the challenges that are currently being faced. Thank you so much, Inez. It is lovely to have you with us. We would like to do a quick exercise so that everyone gets formed to discuss the actions that are needed to address locally led adaptation to scale. This exercise is called a chat shower. We have two questions. For each question, we would like you to type your response in the chat, but don't hit send yet. This requires discipline. I've heard this done before, and you do get people that who hit send before its time. So please be very disciplined. Hold on to your responses. The first question that we would like to ask is what is your biggest hope for local led adaptation at COP26? I would like just to read a couple from Dr. Mustafa Solomon. He mentions plantation. Marek says US 1 billion funds committed to local led adaptation. Oh, he really hope that happens, Marek. More finance from Helen. Juanita says direct funding to local organizations. And Jessica Massira says devolved resources to communities and grassroots. Thank you, everyone. These are amazing answers. We will move to the next one. Say hold it and discipline please. What changes would you like to see to scale locally led adaptation? From clear, flexible and patient finance, from Inezah funding, from Vincent's national government committing to locally led adaptation, from George increased inclusion for local voices, from Jessica again, networks, implementations, from Auesha, flexible and patient finance. Patient finance, I think that's absolutely critical because often when finances are veiled, it has timelines that local communities might not be able to meet. From Francis, peer learning and best practices from local groups. Fantastic. Thank you so much, everyone. Keep them rolling if something comes to you. But before we head into our breakout groups, we have presentations on the principles of locally led adaptation in the pathways for delivering this. I would like to introduce my colleague Arianna Karamalis from Slam Golas International Secretariat here in Cape Town and Marek Soms from the Institute of International Development to begin their presentation. Arianna and Marek, over to you. It's so much best. So I'm going to hand over to Arianna one second. I'm just going to give you for the benefit of possibly having many new people here today, new faces who were not at the first dialogue. We just wanted to give a quick recap about the project that you're joining us on this discussion today. Before I hand over to Arianna, it's going to give you a recap of the discussion that happened with the first dialogue. So from my side at IID, again, thank you for joining us today. It's fantastic to see so many faces and the opening keynote and the introduction from the UK was absolutely fantastic. And there's the importance of representing youth and women voices and this is so important. So thank you for joining this second dialogue is part of a series and a project called Scaling Up Locally Led Adaptation that is being supported by the COP26 presidency, the adaptation action coalition and the race to resilience. And as Beth mentioned is a collaboration across 10 organizations across Africa, Asia Pacific and the Caribbean. And the real focus of this is on trying to scale up support for state and non-state action on local led adaptation to identify one of the pathways to replicate and scale up and support the approaches or mechanisms for really getting local led adaptation at scale across Asia Pacific, Africa, the Caribbean and Latin America. And we undertook the first series of dialogues in early September and many of you joined that and we hope that we'll recap on what the key points in the discussion are. And today we're really delving deep on what are the enablers and the changes required to really support the journey, progress on the journey, the pathway towards more local led adaptation. And to further identify what are the changes and the big asks at COP26 that we need to be putting forward to really initiate an actual systemic change. And we'll hope to provide a bit of a notice to this at the end of the presentation about this. This is not the end of the conversation. We'll be having discussions over the next couple of days tomorrow in Asia Pacific on Thursday in Latin America, and we'll be sharing all the key notes to come out of this, but also be having various events at COP26 and beyond. So we're really looking forward to continuing this discussion. And next slide, please, Ebony. Now, just before I hand over to Ariana, we in the first set of dialogues covered 11 amazing stories from across Africa, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Caribbean, the green case studies that you see on your slides that were in the process of developing further stories. And I was originally going to give you a bit of a background on those 11 stories, but just to quickly run through them. And I will do, after Ariana's presentation, included small granting in South Africa, utilizing decentralization in Kenya, social protection in India, and on governmental funding in Micronesia and the Caribbean microfinance in Costa Rica, all these examples. And we'll provide a bit more background on those stories after Ariana's given you a bit of a background and a recap about what happened in the first dialogue and another recap on the eight principles for multi-led adaptation. So thank you very much for joining, but now I'll hand over to Ariana to give you a bit of that recap. Thanks so much. Thank you, Marik. Over to you, Ariana. Thanks, Beth. Thanks, Marik. I'm Ariana Caramelis from SDI. And yeah, those 11 case studies that Marik just went over briefly provide such great examples of delivering against the eight principles for locally-led adaptation, which I'm just going to review for everybody now. Ebony, thank you so much. So as a reminder for all of us, I'm just going to go over those quickly. You'll see that each one has been matched with related case studies on the slides for your information. So I'm not going to read through all the case studies, but it can help you kind of see how the various case studies relate to the different principles. So the eight principles for locally-led adaptation that we're all here to discuss and look at more closely. The first one, devolving decision-making to the lowest appropriate level. The second one, addressing structural inequalities faced by women, youth, children, disabled, displaced, Indigenous peoples, and marginalized ethnic groups. Number three, providing patient and predictable funding that can be accessed more easily. Number four, investing in local capabilities to leave an institutional legacy. And we can move on to number five through eight. Number five, building a robust understanding of climate risk and uncertainty. Number six, flexible programming and learning. Number seven, ensure transparency and accountability. And number eight, collaborative action and investment. So those are the eight principles that are kind of, you know, that we're framing everything around really for today and for the previous dialogue. And then if we can go to the next slide, we're just going to kind of highlight for those who were there or those who were not there, some of the headlines that came out of that first series of dialogue. So the first one which came up in the chat shower earlier was the U.S. $1 billion fund call that came from Diane Black Lane at one of the previous dialogues for a locally-led adaptation fund that could specifically fund locally-led actions through NGOs and civil society groups. Another one was the need for devolved decision-making and that that should be entrenched in governance models. Voices from the ground need to be consistently included to keep responses agile and responsive. Locally-led adaptation funding time horizons need to be longer. And that was also brought up in the chat showers with the need for patient finance as it was put. And that, you know, it takes several years to establish innovative local governance models and to get that funding to the local level. Local people's time needs to be acknowledged rather than assuming that they can participate for free. Informal sector is underfunded despite possessing robust approaches and offering opportunities for scaling up LLA approaches. The communities and local organizations shouldn't be the ones bearing the financial risk. Despite that, they're having to jump through onerous loops designed for, you know, big international organizations. And local, traditional and indigenous groups provide trust and networks that are required and needed to deliver effective locally-led adaptation based on understanding the local political economy and possessing established networks understanding the surrounding natural environment. So those are some of the big headlines that came out of that first dialogue. As a reminder to those of us who were there and as a kind of, you know, note for those who maybe couldn't have made it. And then if we have time, we just kind of wanted to highlight also the next slide points out some of the key questions that arose out of that dialogue as well that can help us to deepen LLA delivery mechanisms and the eight principles. So the first one was our intermediaries needed for supporting this work. You know, a lot of these funds are really big and maybe too, too large to go directly to the local level. So is there a need for suitable, better intermediaries that are more connected and accountable to local levels? Number two, how are excluded people actually involved and supported in decision-making and especially highlighting people with disabilities? Number three, how are local people and organizations supported to build resilience to longer term and more extreme climate change? So scenario planning can be a really useful tool, but sometimes it's quite difficult to incorporate in practice. Number four, what is the role of the local private sector in delivering locally led adaptation and what are the possible tradeoffs? So those are some of the key questions that came out and maybe we can bring some of those into our breakout groups later. Thanks everyone. And I think with that, I will hand back over to, oh right, so yes, if you have any questions about what I just presented or what Merrick spoke about, you can pop those in the chat and I will hand back over to you, Beth. Thanks so much. Thank you, Ariana. I noticed that we have had a couple of people that have entered the dialogue just to remind our friend speaking colleagues that if you can preface your names with FR, we will be able to facilitate that you are put in a group where there is either translation or for or friend speaking. Our next process is to go into breakout groups. What we have is about 30 minutes, but I think we have been quite efficient with time, so we might be able to have slightly more time where we would like a chance to discuss questions we have already started to reflect on through the chat shower as well as Merrick and Ariana's presentations. And we have three key discussion questions. I think we have a quick overview of the LLA adaptation pathways before the breakouts. Thank you, Merrick. Sorry, I'm in a rush to go to the breakout groups. Could we hear that next? Thank you. No problem, Beth. Thanks so much. So apologies, you have to hear my voice for another 10 minutes before we can hear all of your voices. Apologies. So thanks so much, Beth, and thanks Ariana for that fantastic recap. So what we want to do just to present before we get into the breakout discussion was pre-tapping on the first dialogue. There was some fantastic discussion from these 11 case studies, but also what are the kind of enabling conditions, the changes that need to happen, what needs to happen within the external environment to really support more of these innovative, what we call local adaptation delivery mechanisms, others as Ariana referred to, good intermediaries, as we just wanted to recap these concepts to really get your innovative ideas firing as we prepare for the breakout group. So what this slide should show, so an error on our side, is it should be about explaining what are the pathways to local adaptation. So as Ariana referred to, and if you were the first dialogue, you would have heard this concept of delivery mechanisms. Now, maybe just to cut through the jargon, this is an IID term, well it's not just IID, it's been used now by the least developed countries group in the initiative for effective adaptation resilience, but what does it mean? Basically, what it means is, as Ariana referred to, do we need intermediaries? The funding is often very big and very distributed, local actors have their own savings. So how do we deliver local adaptation at scale? So often, and one of the key solutions is better intermediaries, not relying on the current top-down international institutions that don't exist within the countries or not connected to the communities in the front line, but intermediaries who are the national or sub-national level from across the whole of society from government, civil society, private sector that are better connected and can channel international, national finance to the local level, can help aggregate local funding and can facilitate inclusive local adaptation. So what are these approaches and how can we support them to be the core delivery of climate finance, shifting from a business as usual, where top-down intermediaries, international development banks, UN agencies are the prime delivery of adaptation support, where country institutions and local institutions are leading the whole process, are able to provide climate informed advice, help communities understand the climate science, provide a platform for rapid learning and are embedded within an institution that are sustainable over the time frames we're going to have to deal with climate change. As has been previously said it's going to take decades to build resilience, not a few years, we need institutions in place that are sustainable politically and have the networks on the ground. So next slide please. So in the first dialogue we heard from 11 fantastic casers. So just to remind you of those stories that we heard, we heard from the South Africa community adaptation small grants facility a collaboration between Sambi and South South North that is providing small grants directly to local CSOs to invest in adaptation in their libraries to support resilient agriculture and improve the resilience of their human settlements. We heard from Kenya a case that is using their decentralization structure to scale up local county climate change funds from across seven to 45 counties with the support of the World Bank and many other donors to deliver public good investments particularly in supporting pastoralism and agricultural resilience. From grassroots led approaches we heard from the Gungano Fund in Zimbabwe helping to aggregate urban pores own savings that can provide capital grants to sustainable summer creating and deliver amazing results for the urban pool with modern resources. We heard from an approach in Namibia the environment investment fund one of the most successful accessing international climate finance providing a range of grants and loans to local CSOs, local government and local private sector organizations particularly in natural resource management. Moving to Asia we had the climate bridge fund in Bangladesh providing direct grants to Bangladesh NGOs particularly in the context of climate induced migration covering five city corporations and we had local on granting in the Pacific with the Micronesia Conservation Trust providing small grants that are based around the local context and connecting local actors with international funding. We had another grassroots example from the Yakupam Emergency Unit in Indonesia that is working with the Hwara Commission to provide direct grants to women's led organizations and helping them connect with the progressive decentralization structure in Indonesia. We had another large-scale example of the Mahatma Gandhi National Role Employment Guarantee Scheme in Orissa utilizing the country's wide-scale social protection scheme to help provide climate resilient wages, shock responsive cash transfers and resilient assets and improving local people's climate knowledge. We had a global example of a global fund for indigenous peoples from the Pawanka Fund that's providing direct grants to indigenous peoples organizations and another civil society on granting approach with the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund in the Caribbean supported by Canary providing long-term funding directly to CSOs led by women, youth and indigenous peoples. And finally in Costa Rica we had the Funde Corrupación a private foundation providing direct microfinancing credit facilities to small MSMEs and CBOs tailoring that with climate information. So we've provided all these great stories and they once in orange we're developing videos and stories on currently we didn't have time to finalize these with the second dialogue but we will share these in the coming days and coming weeks. So we're collecting all these stories and we'd love to hear from the many stories and delivery mechanisms for really facilitating local adaptation that you're aware of. So what we thought about is to try and make sense of all these different approaches and one of the key messages we heard from is it's not just about the government or state leading these or the private sector or civil society it's also about the collaborations that happen between all three. So we try to map all of these out and really what we started to emerge is a fantastic array of collaborations and different approaches the diversity of approaches that are possible to deliver and facilitate local adaptation. As we've already mentioned that includes utilizing decentralization in Kenya, utilizing social protection schemes in India, a range of national climate funds or small community grant facilities in South Africa, in Namibia, grassroots led approaches being incredibly important often these are termed front line funds really mobilizing the voices and the action and the resources and savings from civil society and grassroots organizations at the front line of climate change in Zimbabwe and Indonesia and across the globe and the opportunity to provide microfinance and credit facilities that really can support sustainable livelihoods a huge range of approaches. So the key questions we want to ask today next slide please. I mean it's thinking about well what are the pathways one of the journeys that can support the progress or advancement of these types of approaches now delivery mechanisms for local adaptation aren't the only important criteria we have a surrounding enabling environment that these locally led adaptation delivery mechanisms work within that are incredibly important for supporting their journey from for instance in the grassroots examples starting with their collective action with their working with their own savings accessing other sources of funding like philanthropy, bilateral finance even towards the end like Namibia and Micronesia and Funday Cooperation accessing mature sources of climate finance like the Green Climate Fund and the Adaptation Fund. So the first question we're going to go into the breakouts today is well what are the enablers and the changes that are required to move along this pathway to move along this journey for delivering local adaptation what are the key things that have supported these changes to happen sorry the scale up and replication of local adaptation to happen what are the key changes that need to take place to better support it and finally and next what does international climate finance need to do or other sources of finance need to do to better support this journey along this pathway and what should be the key asks for COP26 now you've already started to think about these key asks in the chat shower that happened at the start of this dialogue but we really want you to kind of think can we start to nail down what should be the real key asks that we're taking forward now is it that we need more pilot or innovation finance really risky finance that can invest in very novel and new local adaptation approaches is it finance that can be provided incredibly patiently over five 10 15 years to really support the development and the nourishment and the mentorship of these types of approaches and is it finance to re scale up these approaches take the nationwide take them across wider approaches it may be all three where is it that we need more of this and who are the donors that can really support this to happen maybe just to wet your appetite a bit i'm not providing you with a whole lot of examples but some of the enablers tonight get you thinking is do they need these approaches need local presence how long do they need to be embedded within the local or national context for do they have local networks who might these be what supporting policy and regulation can really support the journey along this local adaptation pathway what kind of capabilities need to be built many of these approaches have bespoke financing approaches tailored for local actors one of the key features of making these approaches work for their local constituents do they need to have committed domestic resources where did these come from particularly in contexts where there are little discretionary funding at national and local levels who are the donors they're going to step forward and take these bigger risks in novel approaches and to really incubate and mentor these different types of local adaptation delivery mechanisms and what are the changes required do we need more patient funding how long do we need this funding to be for how can we strengthen these approaches to really help communities deal with the more extreme and longer term climate risks that are going to escalate over the next coming years and decades who do collaborations need to happen with and as they grow and develop what kind of institutional strengthening needs to happen what areas do we need to develop these and what might be the trade-offs to achieving those eight principles that Arianna presented as these approaches develop deliver more finance achieve greater scale and finally how from learning from the first dialogue and the cases that we presented how could we even further reflect across our own networks to improve the approaches and stories that we've heard to deliver even more inclusive and more locally led adaptation so I hope those ideas just starts to wet your appetite and stimulates my ideas for the breakouts and I think that's the end of my presentation I mean if you go to the next slide yeah so that's the end as I think I'll now hand over to Beth and have to answer any questions before we go into the breakouts so now very much over to the breakouts with you Beth thank you Marek so we we will divide the breakout sessions by language please try and have a look at a group that has less people so we have a balance of our discussion in each of the breakout groups there will be facilitators we have Ayesha, Marek, Christina, Ebonichle, Emmanuel, Samson and George but each group will need to agree on someone who will report back some critical discussions back to the plenary just to repeat those questions that Marek spoke of again we are looking at three key questions what are the enablers and changes required for progress to local led adaptation how can international climate finance better support locally led adaptation and what would be your one ask for COP26 thank you very much can we go into the groups now we have 30 minutes yes we do have 30 minutes maybe slightly more but let's see it would be good to have some more time for discussion but we can go into the breakout session again okay I'm assuming we are all back in the main room we've lost some participants in the meantime but welcome back I hope you had very interesting and engaged conversations and that's you each in each of the groups you have someone who is prepared to make a presentation the way we're going to do it is rather than everyone present on the same question I will be asking groups one and two I hope you remember which group you are in to specifically speak to what is one change needed for national government systems to support no no sorry I need to go back to my yes so for groups one and two I would like you to focus on what is one change needed for national government systems to support locally led adaptation that stood out from for you from your group discussions all right so could I ask group one to speak to the changes needed by national government systems to support locally led adaptation thanks that that was our group and Arnold was going to report back for our group so Arnold over to you thank you so much thank you so much so one one aspect that came out of our discussion just to mention one we have very brilliant ideas coming but for the sake of the discussion and save time what came out strongly is the need for government to sort of increase their location towards local led adaptation from their you know a public like checker or from you know from their budgets because this will entice or this will even you know promote or even bring about ownership at at national level so apart from global ask around the issue of increasing adaptation funds at national level we felt governments if they can increase the investments or their budgetary locations to locally led adaptation actions then this will spur and encourage more of these initiatives so I'll I'll I'll leave that because you asked for one I think it's in order thank you very much Arnold can we move to group two which was being facilitated by marik and could you talk to what stood out from your group discussion on one change needed for international climate finance to support locally led adaptation so this is true yeah for international climate finance and changes we had a huge amount of ideas now unfortunately it's maybe reporting back setting do a good job of asking for nominations as per usual but so to summarise some of the fantastic discussion I'll have to try and pick one so I guess the main area that we really emphasised to put it in a nutshell was the need for international climate finances to shift from this project mode and building one-off capacities to really building institutional capacities and the capacity of local institutions that are the institutions there that are there to facilitate and support locally led adaptation to play place and build local capacities to facilitate and I one of the ideas for doing this just to put on an idea was potentially the need for those organisations that currently dominate much of the knowledge so for instance your international consultancies like PwC and other organisations like that are often brought into build capacity and often benefit from local knowledge and improve their reputations from local knowledge to change the way that they operate and to supporting in kind support really utilising their capacities in project and financial management and helping local organisations to build those skills and but we really really need to rethink the model that it's not always international in inverted commas experts they're the ones that hold the right knowledge and the ones who should be trusted to deliver that kind of capacity building so we really really need to rethink how international climate finances used to build local capacity because it's currently not done in a way that properly be able to local institutions or overcomes that trust issue with international climate finances we really need to reshape that model and incentivise anyone in my group to add to that if they wish and but that's kind of guess the big take home that I took from my group but many other comments I'm sure we can add on the course. Thank you very much Marik we because we have less groups than we had anticipated to have in the report back we we have slightly more time so for group seven Samsung and Airborne in a way facilitating could you speak to the fact that we we know there are challenges to making some of these changes in your group did you have any ideas on how to address this conditions that need to change whether it is at the local level at local authority city government national government or at the international level but also feel free to talk to some of the earlier points that have already been discussed if you have any points that you would like to make so what are the challenges to making some of these changes Samsung and Airborne look we had a really great discussion in our breakout I think looking at the kind of enablers and changes a lot of our discussion was focused around accountability both kind of accountability of the international and national level but allowing further accountability at the local level too so we talked a bit about opportunities for that we didn't so much get into solutions but we identified that tackling that accountability issue as a critical point I'm sense and I don't know if you want to come in off the back of that or if I should keep going yeah sure I mean absolutely I think accountability came out quite strongly in a lot of what we were talking about and I think one of the key things that we got to establish and just thinking about the various you know a delivery mechanism I think particularly around civil society I think one of the things that we think was you know came out quite strongly was you know the need to immerse civil society in the processes in order to build capacities right if you're thinking about you know building I mean capacities around accountability and establishing you know the necessary frameworks over time I think it's important to provide civil society with a platform to develop these capacities you know and frameworks you know over a period of time and you know while collecting data and trying to analyze quite critically what worked and what needs to work and you know how does this appeal to the local context yeah perfect thanks Samson I think that that message around the finance is important but it's not the only thing that is kind of about locally led adaptation can not quite strongly I think one of the points that stuck out in my mind as well was a point around sort of enabling self-organization of local groups and local people to engage better to build trust etc etc building trust of course is an issue at multiple levels and so yes a lot of those things that we've just raised came out as areas that can enable locally led adaptation great thank you did we there any points that stood out for you for instance from what national government systems can do to support local led adaptation from your group discussions yeah so from our group discussion I think the one point that really stood out which is quite mainly around the way of thinking is that we should not think about international finance if you look at sustainability of local led adaptation we should not think about international finance as a you know a sort of a prolonged funding mechanism we should think about international finance as a way to as a catalyst to leverage existing domestic resources and and the thinking is that local led adaptation in the long short I mean in the medium to long term needs to be financed by local government but you know you need to create the enabling environment and the domestic resource mobilization to create a sustainable process great thank you very much so sorry please go ahead I was just going to add to samson's already very clear point that in that context we talked a lot in the group about using naps as part of that and kind of bringing a stronger locally led lens to the naps as well so I think that's part of the part of the national story too thanks Beth thank you we will move to group eight I think which has I think Clara and George were facilitating and from you could we look at what your discussion was on in terms of what we can the asks that we would like to make for 26 that came from your discussion but also definitely feel free to to respond to any of the questions that others have already reported back on thank you over to you George and Clara thank you Beth I think from our conversation the main ask which came out of our deliberations to do with asking for resources finance but however much as finance is critical we also not noted as a group that there's need to also emphasize on the systems of accessing finance as a as another key condition besides just having a big ask around finance the systems for accessing finance are also equally important then the big ask from from our group we also talked about how do we strengthen abilities local abilities and we identified a planning in advance is one way through which local actors can maximize a climate finance for locally laid adaptation then secondly we also talked about a generating a board of evidence through collecting data on locally laid adaptation experiences is a way of defining in advance priorities that can then inform where the resources then go and we also talked about I think it has been shared by other groups issues of moving from projectiles the funding to much more strategic funding that is long long term and as a way of for maximizing efficiency in terms of finance and we of course also talked about the need for flexible flexible finance in in in consistent with the principles of locally laid adaptation and I think we had some discussions around the high levels of accountability and instead of considering it as bureaucrats people were comfortable with saying there are there's need to reflect on the high levels of accountability that are normally placed by donors is a way of making sure that the the resources or the finance are in sync with the local financial architecture that is built by local actors I think my colleagues can add some elements that I may have missed thank you over to you Clara do you have any additional points to make George captured it oh there was also a discussion on how the role of diaspora can be strengthened in in getting to grips with locally led adaptation and understanding how they can be involved and what are the different routes to start that engagement when there might not be and easily defined routes for how diaspora can be more involved in supporting locally led adaptation but I think George covered every every other aspect of our discussion it was a good group great good we have a bit of time I would like to just open up to anyone who has a bending question or a comment to make that they feel has not been covered in the presentations from the questions that we have I will put in the view so I can see if anyone raise their pace we can take one or two questions I see apologies for for the pronunciation but I have an observation in our group and also prior presentations extremely focused it has been one thing which was to me missing has been a documentation of best practices validated by the most you know endangered population and how can we do it we have to use direct and indirect methods and the last thing I would like to suggest is this some of we are having an impression that the international financial support can only make the local led adaptation I'm of the country view because you take any nation it is surviving on external support only had only two days back the World Bank report especially after COVID each nation is getting dependent more and more on international financial agencies so what I would like to conclude I would like to conclude that is not distinguished between the international support and you know national support and the local support etc the situation is very mixed case to case we need to do a need assessment and come to some sort of a specific strategy thank you very much thank you anyone else with their hand up I have a hand up can I come in with yes please go ahead just to reiterate the two points that I made in the group which I feel like the group to consider one is to be able to map the adaptive capacities of the different local organizations so that we are able to showcase that along with the case studies because a case study on its own is good but it's also good if you are able to document what are the assets capacities capabilities at the local level that we bring to the table when we ask for external finances as well so we are not going empty handed to the table the second point is the national policies to be able to take the national climate policies and to be demystify them in a language that local groups understand so that local groups can begin to measure and hold their governments accountable because that's not happening today thank you very very much Selene Aisha could you put the slide on the next chat shower that would like to go through just to ensure that everyone kind of like has an opportunity to have a last say okay so we are asking you to think of your answer in a few words and then type them in the zoom chats again don't click send just yet so what would you what would be your one ask for 26 on local lead adaptation on my count of three so one two three go institutional recognition, honored finance commitments, America is at the the ask to five billion for local lead adaptation invitation to all partners to commit to the principles patient finance stronger links between adaptation and nature outcomes anymore coming in there is another request for a commitment of five billion from time to time the West from climate finance architecture that is supportive of local action from a national government commitment to local lead adaptation principles I didn't participate from myself I would like to see the role of local government not just national governments recognize more and working in partnership with grassroot organizations from Esther demystifying of policies to enable local communities to implement and hold governments accountable yes because accountability almost always seems to be upwards but never downwards thank you very much everyone for that you can keep them coming into the chat if you have not had any opportunity to input your your thoughts in terms of the ask for 26 I just want to briefly summarize what my take is a moderator from this dialogue has been I think we started with two very strong keynotes addresses from the alicia from the fcdo we got a recognition from the UK government of the importance of local lead adaptation a recognition that knowledge exists at the local level in that governments such as the UK government should be committed to creating access to finance for local lead adaptation we she talked about the agency in need for a paradigm shift that scale leads to the scaling up of local lead adaptation processes that are already ongoing and she reminded us that COP26 is an opportunity to amplify local lead adaptation from Inezer we got a strong message that solutions exist while the challenges exist solutions exist and and for communities in the global south we have contributed very little or to the challenges of climate change but we are currently bearing the burden of the impacts of of that she was keen to emphasize that we are not hopeless or without solutions and that we don't see these solutions as coming from just government but that young people women and children have a role to play and they are prepared to make that contribution in our group discussion we came up with a number of ideas on how we can actualize local lead adaptation we spoke about the examples that already exist how this can be scaled up we spoke about opportunities that are available to do this at the local level I think one aspect that really stood out for me was that while we can request whether it's five billion or one billion dollars from the global community our governments have to be committed to local lead adaptation in terms of policies that the policies but also more importantly practice we talked about the need for flexible finance and learning from how accountability can be built to build capacities but also more importantly de-colonizing knowledge and and understanding that solutions are not just from coming from from the global north or from our professional organizations that are working in the sector but that they are also very viable solutions and knowledge at the local level that can be used to to scale up local adaptation I would like to thank you very much for this opportunity and I hope that it was is my changing and interesting for you all as it was for me I would like to give back the spotlight to Marek and Aisha so that they can talk about an overview and updates on what next what might be the next opportunities for this conversation to move forward and result in practical processes thank you. Hi thanks Beth so thanks so much an amazing facilitation and I love your summary of the discussion thanks so much and and really thank you for all the those who participated in the breakouts I guess maybe I did put it in the chat but I was referencing the wee's point in the break out I'm just going to reference it again and use the space I have right now to say I think five billion per year isn't a bad shout to be asking for climate finance to go to local adaptation so maybe we'll ask that in the other regional dialogues and see see if there's a grain we'll feedback and make sure everyone knows what has happened in the other dialogues but could we be collectively asking for five billion per year now I'll get into a moment and how we can work together to maybe input that into the COP so thank you all so much this is the close of the second dialogue Africa dialogue and but this is not the end and we will be doing various events on local adaptation at the COP which you can engage in either physically if you're going to be there or there will be some virtual spaces but I really want to incentivize you if you are interested particularly country representatives to take forward and have discussions on how we can practically take forward approaches for local adaptation please do get in touch with the people that IID or WRI or any of the other partners involved and because that's really the purpose of this is to really practically take forward and move beyond just discussion and really put this into practice and have a big ask for the donor community to really make these changes ebony can you go to the next slide and so just to say on how you can continue to stay engaged in addition to getting in touch if you'd actually like to have practical discussions on how we can take forward some of these ideas and some of these initiatives either to scale up or replicate just to say the COP is going to be incredibly busy COP 26 a few weeks time but local adaptation it's got a crucial focus at the COP so just to give you an overview of how you can stay engaged on the 8th of November the adaptation loss and damage day and we'll have a specific session focus on local adaptation with voices from the front line on 9am till 10am on Monday the 8th of November so really incentivize you I think some of you involved in the session will be represented and that is an opportunity to really feed in these asks for COP 26 and so really incentivize you if you've got further ideas do get in touch and we can help connect these ideas and these asks to really get into the COP and even maybe the ministerial dialogue and adaptation action and the further events over the course of the presidency adaptation loss and damage day. There are four events as part of the Resilience Hub including sessions on local government, sessions on civil society pathways and gateways and gaps for local adaptation and further opportunities to discuss what are the pathways and challenges for financing local adaptation and an opportunity if anyone is interested to actually make an endorsement to the principles or has an announcement on increasing support for local adaptation there'll be a session on the 8th of November on announcements of space for new announcements on local adaptation initiatives. There'll also be a local adaptation hub and there is an ongoing EY so applications are being still accepted for the local adaptation hub that's that green box and finally the development climate days will be doing two sessions one on financing local adaptation in conflict affected settings and another one on what is that responding to that question what is the role of the private sector in supporting local adaptation that I know there's a lot going on so please do let us know please do pop in the chat as well if you're doing any sessions or involved in any sessions on local adaptation we'd love to hear and help collate and share all that's going on a local adaptation and final slide please everybody and just finally and ask if you are interested to endorse the principles and join the community of practice and local adaptation please do get in touch have a look at the principles either on wri or iid's website and we'd love you to join this growing number of 57 and more endorsements to the eight principles in joining this community practice we really really love you to join it to share and continue this discussion and also put pressure on your national governments on donors on other institutions to really endorse these principles and grow this movement and really make a step change in local adaptation so I'll finish then thank you so much thank you again for a fantastic facilitation and thank you all for participating thanks very much thank you everyone and have a lovely day wherever you are and yeah thank you for giving me the opportunity to moderate this session bye bye


Welcome to Stand the Energy Man here on Thinkware. We always try and make community matter, and especially on my show we like to do things around energy, especially hydrogen energy. And so today we've got a special guest coming to us from the Big Island, which by the way has the only other hydrogen stations in the state of Hawaii besides the island of Oahu that has a couple, one on the military bases and one with our Toyota dealerships. So we've got as a guest today Mr. Greg Barber from NOHA, the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority over on the Big Island. It's actually part of the state of Hawaii under the Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism. And so they're attached to help Hawaii develop high tech businesses and especially use the assets around the state like our deep ocean water and our terrific climate to test new technology, new sciences, new aquaculture, ocean technologies. But Greg, thanks for joining us today. Thanks for being on the show. I really appreciate it. Hey, thank you, Stan. Thanks for having me. I appreciate it. I know it's taken a while. Can I get this up? But I'm here. Yeah, and we're long overdue. I've been wanting to have you on as a guest for a long time and never seem to be able to pull it off. So thanks for being my guest this week. Can you tell us the audience a little bit about yourself and how you got attached to NOHA and then we can get it a little bit into what NOHA's basic mission is. Yeah, thank you. I've been at D-bed for a long time, started in the tourism office. And then I came over here in, I think, 2011. So I've been here for about eight years. And it's a fantastic job. We have a great team here. I have about, I think we have 14 or 15 people on our team. We're a state agency, like you said, but we're a little bit unusual in that we're a self-sufficient state agency. So we receive no general funds, operating funds from the state government. We generate all our own revenue. We generate about $5 million a year. About half of that is from the leasing of land. As you can see on the slide, we have about 900 acres surrounding the airport here in Kona. And we have an offshore research corridor where we have deep seawater pipelines, like you said. And we also sell seawater. We're a seawater utility. We sell about 30 million gallons of seawater a day to the businesses here in the park. They use it for anything from aquaculture, growing animals to cooling. Some of the LG companies, Cyanitech uses deep seawater from 3,000 feet down. And it's 4 degrees C or I think 41 degrees Fahrenheit. They run that in steel pipes inside their ponds to keep the water cool so they can regulate the temperature so they can optimize the growth of algae to increase as much algae as they can. They grow bio-asten and spirulina for health supplements. That's become real popular, too. I mean, it's in Costco and everything, the bio-asten. It is. They're doing really well. They're one of our biggest clients here. And they're the only company listed on NASDAQ that we have. So I'm fortunate to be here, have a great team. And I think we're doing really well. We've been, Nelha Natural Energy Lab is the name of the state agency. And the name of our technology park is the Hawaii Ocean Science and Technology Park. So that's the 900-acre park. So you'll hear me say Nelha. That's the agency that administers it. And then sometimes you'll hear me say Host Park. That's the actual technology park. All right. So sometimes I get them confused. But we have done a lot over the last 40 years. And we create about 600 jobs and about $100 million in economic impact a year. So I think it's a very successful economic development program. Two main missions. One is, like you say, advanced energy projects. And our other mission is aquaculture. And over the years, over the past, I would say 10 years, aquaculture has actually become more important. And now it generates about 70% of our total revenues. But that doesn't mean that advanced energy projects won't come back. We're actually trying to work the two together because we use a lot of power to pump the seawater. So I think we're good testbed for smart grids or micro grids, battery storage, testing, things like that. So it's a very unique, unique place. I think one of your most famous test projects is one of my guests was Dr. Hans Kraus, who did OTEC. He was the developer of OTEC. And you guys have that testbed out there right now. Can you talk a little bit about that energy project? Yeah. So the current tower, test tower that we have here has been developed by another one of our rock stars here, Mackay Ocean Engineering. And they have a tower that they built to test corrosion and to test different kinds of heat exchangers for productivity. And they've been doing a lot of work over the years. I think they've made some breakthroughs recently in heat exchanger technology. And just a little bit of background. That's why Nelha was established here 40 years ago because we have access to the deep ocean seawater very quickly. And that's why the massive pipeline system was built here. And OTEC is just briefly is using cold water to condense ammonia under pressure in a heat exchanger and then using the warm surface water, which is 80 degrees to evaporate that ammonia. And then that loop condensing and evaporation. If that ammonia is in a loop with a turbine at the top, you can generate power. It's unlimited power. It's baseload power, which is very important. It's not intermittent like a PD and wind. So it has a lot of advantages. But I think it has a ways to go. It's probably I would put it in the category with the hydrogen economy. There's work that needs to be done. They need to develop some game-changing technologies to make it economically viable. But you're using the surface of the ocean as a solar collector. So it's unlimited. And they'll get there someday just like they will with the hydrogen economy, hopefully sooner rather than later. We're counting on it. And I think there's actually a lot of leaps and bounds in the hydrogen side that may even surprise you. It's been changing month by month. And there's some really exciting companies standing up on the mainland that are going to do coast-to-coast trucking with hydrogen trucks that are leased. And the current model has the lease even cheaper than operating a diesel truck. And it's all clean hydrogen with better trucks, better visibility around the trucks, safer vehicles to operate. So looking forward to that. But the O-Tech project is kind of remarkable because it's basically the same as a steam turbine, except instead of using high-temperature steam, you're using different ammonia for your heat exchange medium that doesn't require the real high temperatures. And you can do it with just the temperature changes between deep ocean water and surface ocean water. But get the same kind of propulsion for your turbines, correct? Yeah, that's exactly correct. I think the delta on the heat difference is 40 degrees. Right? That makes it work. And that's not a lot.  Yeah, a little over 220 or so, yeah. Yeah, so using that ammonia and keeping it under pressure, you can keep the delta on the warm and the cold down to 40 degrees. Yeah. That's exactly correct. You had a big energy project up near the highway there. What was it? Sopogee. And I don't know a whole lot about it, but it just seems like it makes a lot of sense. Why did it not work out? Yeah, that was a project started, I think, around 2007 or 2008. And it was started by Sopogee. And it was solar thermal project. They had four acres of mirror. Let me pull up a slide, I think. I have one here. There it is. So this is the project. They had a beautiful project. They had four acres of mirrors. And the idea was to run mineral oil. I don't know if you can see this there. Found the middle of the mirrors. And to heat that mineral oil up and then store it and use engines to create power. For whatever reason, it didn't work. I'm not sure what the technological flaw was or whatever happened, but it didn't work. But we took over that site probably about four years ago. We talked a lot with you and Mitch Ewen at UH and Paul Panchio at Blue Planet Research. Blue Planet Research, you know, all those people. And we wanted to use it to create a hydrogen station, a hydrogen center up there and use those mirrors and maybe generate some power to create hydrogen. Things didn't work out for one reason or another. But we found a use for those mirrors. At one point we talked about selling them for scrap and I think a lot of people wanted to cry when I did that. That would be a waste of that site. We applied for a U.S. DOE grant, Department of Energy grant to use them for solar desalination project. And we received a grant of $2 million from DOE and working with a company called the Trevi Systems out of Petaluma. And so we're using that technology up there to desalinate water. The goal is to desalinate 133,000 gallons of seawater day. And then we would actually sell that to Signitech. They would use it to grow algae. So it's a perfect project for us because we had the mirrors, we had the seawater to the site, and then we have a need for the desalinated water for agricultural purposes. And so I'm very hopeful the technology there is completely different from reverse osmosis. So a lot of people talk about reverse osmosis was really popularized in the late 60s or maybe the early 60s when energy costs, as you know, were much, much lower back then. And so now that the energy costs are much higher, this technology that they're using, they're using a different membrane and then they're heating the water up, I think a little bit over 200 degrees, maybe 250 degrees, and they put a solution, a draw solution in the water. And so if they do all that with the hot water, this actually will pull the desalate dust, the salt water through the membrane and it will desalinate the water without the need for a lot of high pressure pushing, reverse osmosis pushes the water through the membrane to purify it. This uses the opposite technique and it doesn't need anywhere near the amount of power that reverse osmosis needs. So USDOE, the military, it was very interesting because you can use this technology in remote locations that are not grid connected and you don't need a lot of power to do it, but you can create desalinated water. So I think we hit a home run, Dr. Leonard of our staff put that all together. I think we hit a home run because we reused that, those mirrors and the solar collectors and had a really good project to look at desalinating of seawater at a very low cost. And I think we will have results in the next 18 months to 24 months. So looking forward to that project. Yeah, we're looking forward to it too because you're right, it would be a shame to waste that dual tracking, single axis tracking solar system. It was an awesome system. So we're going to have to take a quick break here, Greg, and we'll be back in 60 seconds and we'll talk some more about some of the other projects going on at NOHA. Okay, great. Aloha, I'm Wendy Lo and I'm coming to you every other Tuesday at 2 o'clock live from Think Tech Hawaii and on our show, we talk about taking your health back. And what does that mean? It means mind, body and soul. Anything you can do that makes your body healthier and happier is what we're going to be talking about. Whether it's spiritual health, mental health, fascia health, beautiful smile health, whatever it means, let's take healthy back. Aloha. Hi, I'm Lisa Kimura. I'm the host of Family Affairs on Think Tech Hawaii. Join us every Tuesday at 11 a.m. to talk about the issues that really matter. Everything from policies that need to be changed in Hawaii to the fact that we need better gender equality so that we can all have a better shot. Again, join us every Tuesday at 11 on Think Tech Hawaii for Family Affairs. Aloha. Hey, welcome back to Stan. I'm Henry Manstan, awesome in here. And I've got Greg Barber, the executive director for NOHA over in Kona, on the Big Island. And if you're ever in the neighborhood and you want to go by and visit him, he's always open for guests. He'll open his house up to you. Well, maybe not that, but he'd be, he'd be glad to have some company over there and check them out. And there's a lot of cool companies down there that, you know, you can buy some lobster there. You can talk to some folks that sell some deep water, bottled water. There's some really cool companies there. So, Greg, what are some of the other... First of all, let me tell you what I learned about Kampachi Farms. I happened to be there about three weeks ago with a film director who wanted to stop by when we went down to see Mitch's hydrogen station. So we stopped by to talk to... What's his name, Neil? That runs... Yeah, he does, yeah. Yeah, and so he was telling us that the local fish that we called Nainui is kind of a delicacy fish to eat, but what they really found was interesting is Nainui only eats seaweed. And so it's really hard for local fishermen to catch except to spear them because they don't bite on traditional bait and hooks and things like that. So what they found was that the intestinal system in that fish, the way it digests algae, it produces your hydrogen. So what they're trying to do is they're trying to find out how they can replicate outside the fish, how to replicate the process of digesting the seaweed algae to produce pure hydrogen. I thought that was fascinating, of course, so we'll be visiting Kampachi Farms a little bit more in the future. I guarantee it. But what are some of the other neat projects that you got going on down there that you'd like to talk about? Well, yeah, Neil has another project that he's working on. He got an ARPA-E grant with Makai Ocean Engineering to... I'm not that familiar with what they're doing, but it was exciting. And I believe they're going to be growing algae in cages offshore. Makai has the cage technology to some extent or construction of the cage technology. And Neil is great at growing things offshore. And I believe the idea was to grow the algae to eventually create energy, and that's why it was an ARPA-E grant. And there's a lot of benefit. A lot of people are looking at algae offshore. A lot of people talk about it from... I was just at a conference where they were talking about it from aspect of climate change and growing additional algae and having it on the sea floor for carbon sequestration. And just a lot of benefits. People are looking at algae. We're the perfect site to blend the advanced energy aspects with the aquaculture and nobody else in the world could do it like we can do it here because we have both the cold seawater and the warm seawater. And people can mix and match the water to make the temperature that they want for increased productivity. We were talking to Neil about that project and I reminded everybody because of my aviation background that the airlines fly to Hawaii with just enough fuel and reserves to meet the FAA requirements and get here safely. And they have to onboard fuel to make it out of Hawaii to their next destination. Well, if we can make biofuels from algae using their technology, that means we could either blend or maybe produce aviation fuel off of algae that's totally renewable and sustainable rather than importing oil and refining it. So that's a game changer for an island nation or a state like Hawaii where we're 2,500 miles away from the closest land mass and we could be making our own jet fuel. Absolutely. We had a company here called Solana that was started about 10 years ago. Some of the startups here don't always make it and Solana didn't make it. But their goal was to create the jet fuel from different algae and they did a lot of work but just couldn't pull it off but that doesn't mean it's not going to happen in the future. We've got a couple more minutes, Stan. Sure. And so I've got a couple projects I just want to highlight. So seawater air conditioning like they're building in downtown Honolulu I think is really important for Hawaii when we talk about meeting our energy goals by 2045 of 100%. A lot of people don't remember that 30% of that goal is from conservation and increased efficiency. And so that deep seawater air conditioning project in downtown Honolulu is really important. We also have access to deep seawater here. Excuse me. And so right now we're looking at a regional seawater air conditioning district. Our system has the equivalent capacity that they're planning to build in downtown Honolulu but it's not as concentrated here in Kona as it is in downtown Honolulu but we're going to look at that see if there's ways where we can build a regional seawater air conditioning district to decrease our energy consumption in Kona. And I think that's a really exciting project. Do you think that the hotels in Waikalua could sustain a seawater air conditioning system? They could but it's just too far for us to pump the cold water up there. Even pumping the cold water down to Kona town which is seven miles away is going to be a stretch but the idea here is we would have heat exchangers here at Nelha or at Host Park and then we would be the loop would be a freshwater loop of chilled freshwater probably 45 to 50 degrees and we would have that loop go down to Kona town and back so there's a lot of work to be done but you know seawater air conditioning it's like 80 to 90% more efficient. You don't need any energy to cool the water. We just use our seawater here and you know the benefit for us is that once we use the seawater for cooling we can still resell the water for aquaculture purposes so that was always the idea for Nelha and Host Park is that we could always make dual use of the water. The idea with OTEC was you could use it to make power and then use it for aquaculture purposes so we're still looking at the same kinds of technology. So this is an idea of where we're down here and then over here is Kona town and once we get it up to the top of our park over here it's pretty much all down to Kona town so a lot of work that needs to be done we're just in the process of hiring a consultant to help us understand that. The project you're real familiar with I think you probably hadn't mentioned on your program before maybe once or something. So they built the Hawaiian Natural Energy Institute has built this hydrogen production and storage and fueling station here in our research campus and they're just getting ready to commission that project now they got a little bit more to go I think the fire alarm system is holding them up but everything's been completed and hopefully in the next six months they'll be producing hydrogen they have three buses as you know and I think the buses are going to go to the county and they'll be using them my understanding is in Kona and this facility can produce 60 kilograms of hydrogen a day I believe and my understanding is I'm not an expert Stan like you're the man but I think roughly a kilogram of hydrogen equals two gallons of petrol or something like that Approximately a general rule of thumb so Mitch is running this project and I think he has the capability to double up to produce I think 120 kilograms of hydrogen a day so that's pretty good amount of hydrogen we currently have 200 kW of PD here in the research campus that we can use to produce hydrogen probably in the middle of the day and we're also out to bid right now for adding another 600 kW of PD and 802 batteries 800 kWh batteries and so I think starting out initially it won't be all produced from renewable energy but maybe in another year so a lot of it can be produced from renewable energy a lot of people talk that this is a good location because we're so close to the airport and a lot of people talk about the next step for hydrogen vehicles is fleet deployment and so a lot of people talk about can we get hydrogen ground handling equipment at the airport if we can do that we're only two miles away so kind of a perfect situation for Mitch and to help advance hydrogen I'll be in your neighborhood at the end of this week at the OTEC conference there and I'll sit down and share some big island secrets with you and bring you up to speed in what hydrogen is looking like on your big island because I'm telling you people are going to be surprised besides Mitch's three buses that are going to all be used for ELeon between Kona Town and the airport a lot of other discussions going on to get the entire ELeon bus fleet into hydrogen and also bring in some vehicles, rental vehicles and maybe put hydrogen stations all around the big island before Honolulu even gets started so it's going to be pretty exciting that would be very exciting I think we're a perfect case where if you build maybe five stations that'd be enough for the whole island but believe it or not, Greg we've blown through 30 minutes and I really appreciate you sharing some time with us and bringing us up to speed and what's going on at NOHA and I hope to have you back on here and I'll see you at the end of the week so thanks for being with us and for all the audience out there you can catch that Energyman next Tuesday at 3pm and until then, Aloha