Greetings friends! This is Survival Doc. If you're one of my regular YouTube video watchers, you may have noticed that for a period of time there I sort of disappeared. Well there are a couple of reasons for that. One of the most important reasons being is that now I have officially bugged out. As you may know I lived the last 25 years in St. Louis County. I've been wanting to bug out for a while. I wanted to move out into more rural community where I could be more self-sufficient. And we finally decided to make that move especially here now that we feel like we are really coming down to the end of the world as we know it. And we believe that this economic collapse that we've been predicting for years is now upon us. I believe it has actually already started I think it's going to roll slowly here for a little while. Eventually it's going to reach a point like the snowball rolling down the hill. It's going to reach the point where it's going to gather a lot of speed and a lot of momentum and it's going to catch a lot of people by surprise. Well we sold our house in St. Louis County. We've moved out here into the country, bought five acres of wooded property surrounded by more wooded areas. The town that we're closest to is a little unincorporated town. It has one store in it. We live on a gravel road. It's a dead-end gravel road. We do have other neighbors who live on that gravel road and we're in the process right now of getting to know these neighbors. I've actually started a preppers group out here because I believe that when the crowd hits the fan, one of the most important things, one of the most important assets we're gonna have is our network or the people that we know. I don't think the lone wolves are gonna have a very good chance. I think the people who are gonna have the best chance are the people who surround themselves with a good network of like minded people, people who love freedom, who love liberty, who believe in the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and people who are self-sufficient. Out here in the country, people are just naturally self-sufficient to a large extent, at least compared to people in the city. All of our neighbors have large wooded lots. Most people heat with wood. There is so much wood out here. If you look around, you may notice there are downed trees out here. We didn't even have to cut trees down for wood. I've got enough wood on my property just from downed trees that have fallen down from storms and things like that. I can come out here and cut up and split wood and have enough wood to heat my house for a few years without even cutting down any trees. I've already planted a lot of fruit trees. I've tilled up my garden. I'm building a greenhouse. I'm working on an aquaponics unit, and we are doing everything that we can to become more self-sufficient. I've put up my helm radio antennas. I have my helm shack. I'm working with a network of other helm radio operators who are who are part of my prepper group, and we are getting ready for when the crap hits the fan. I believe that we're getting down to the wire here. I believe that 2016 is going to be a pivotal year. I'm predicting that things may flow fairly smoothly up until the election. They always try to keep things looking good up when you're approaching the election. That's because the criminals that are in power want to stay in power, and they know that if people are get too dissatisfied, they're going to throw them all out of power. That is the reason that they are so afraid of people like Donald Trump, and that's why the establishment is doing their best to keep their establishment cronies in office, because they're scared. They're getting really scared. They're afraid of Donald Trump, and they're more importantly, they're afraid of the people who are supporting Donald Trump. I'm not supporting Donald Trump. I think he has a lot going for him only because of the fact that the establishment is so against him, and the fact that the establishment is against him tells me that he's doing something right. Remember Ron Paul's biggest enemy was his own part of the Republican Party? Ron Paul was their best chance for the presidency, and the people who destroyed Ron Paul's chances was his own part of the Republican Party, and it's the Republican Party that is trying to destroy Donald Trump. And for those out there who think that you should vote for the lesser of two evils, I'm telling you the lesser of two evils is still evil. The Republican Party is almost as bad as the Democratic Party when it comes to evil. That is why you have to protect yourself. I believe, as I said, they may wait until after the election to kind of try to hold things off as best they can until after the election.   I think this is going to be with us for years to come. I think we're going to be in a very bad situation here for years to come. I think they're going to take us to war. Gerald Salent has been saying for years when all else fails, they take you to war. And the reason for that is the criminals in charge have to have a scapegoat. They do not want the people to realize that they are responsible for this mess. The people would rise up, overthrow them, hang them, tar and feather them, whatever.  They will do this through false flags, like they always do. I mean, that is their modem of operation, false flags. They I believe they're going to start a war. I believe this one could be a world war. I believe it could involve nuclear weapons, something that's really going to get the Americans attention off of the real criminals. And they're going to say this is the people out here, these criminals out here, Russians, Chinese, North Koreans, whoever it might be. These are the people who are responsible for the predicament that you're in. And Americans historically history shows us what they're going to do is they're going to put their flags out there. They're going to say support the troops and they're going to be behind this war. I'm telling you this now because when all this happens, you will look back to people like me who are warning you that the criminals are the criminals in our own government and look at what they've done over the years, establishing false flags, giving us enemies to take the attention off of them.  But that's another topic. We're not going to go down that line further. I want to get back to the topic of this video. The topic of this video is one of the most important topics, I believe, that I've ever talked to you about. And that topic is about money.  I did a video on sterling silver. I've done videos on precious metals. How important it is to have precious metals to protect yourself from a declining dollar. I don't need to rehash all of that. There are a lot of videos out there on the collapsing dollar and precious metals. And the reason you should own precious metals. So I'm not going to rehash all of that. What I'm going to emphasize here is what are we going to use for money when the economic collapse occurs? Now, I don't know what they're going to do with the dollar. I believe the dollar is going to be destroyed. I think it's going to be replaced with a global currency. I don't know if that's going to be another fiat currency, not backed by Golden Silver. I suspect it will be because fiat currencies keep the criminals in control. They have no control over gold and silver that is controlled by the marketplace. They do have the control over fiat money. So if they can dupe the people into accepting fiat money again, that's the way they're going to go. In the meantime, what you need to do to protect your wealth is you need to have gold and silver and you need to have it in your possession. Don't trust it held in the bank. Don't trust it held by some of these companies that hold your golden silver for you. If you want to do some of your money, depending on how much money you have, I know a lot of people right now don't have very much money because of the economic mess that we're in. Some people do have money. My audience will extend over a wide variety of people. If you do have a lot of money, you might want to invest in certain other things. But you need to make sure that you do have a good percentage of your wealth in precious metals that you have in your own possession that you keep secret. Now, I believe that at some point, when everything falls apart, we're going to be doing a lot of barter out here in the country. I know people who raise chickens, eggs, goats, produce goats milk, cows, milk, meat. There's a lot of cattle out here. You can buy a quarter of a cow and put it in your freezer. There's people producing a lot of their own food out here. Alright, if the dollar becomes worthless for a period of time, or if we do not have a currency for a period of time, there's going to be barter. There is already barter going on out here. We haven't set up our chicken coop yet. We haven't gotten our chickens yet. We do have our rabbits established. We're just working on one thing at a time right now. Right now, I am buying our eggs from a neighbor here. And there are a lot of people out here who sell eggs. My neighbor told me without me even mentioning it, my neighbor told me that he would accept silver for his eggs. Now, right now, he's accepting dollars and dollars are what I'm paying him right now. But trust me, these people, these rural people out here, they understand barter. I'm growing a lot of vegetables. I grow more vegetables than he grows. I don't have a lot right now. But as I said, I'm getting my garden established right now and I will have vegetables. I have no doubt that before this spring and summer and fall is over with, I will be exchanging some of my vegetables with this fella for his eggs. I've also bought raw goats milk from him. People out here understand barter and we're going to be doing a lot of barter. The best thing to barter with is gold and silver coins. Everybody knows what their value is. Now, this fella that I'm talking about who produces eggs, he may need something that I have, I may produce vegetables. He may need my vegetables and I need his eggs so we can trade eggs for vegetables. All right, what happens though, if he wants some of my vegetables, and I don't need eggs, because I am going to get my own chickens and start producing my own eggs, what if he grows his own vegetables and grows the same thing that I'm growing, and we don't actually have anything that we can trade directly with each other. That is where the concept of money comes in. Because I can money is a form of barter, especially precious metals. That's how money developed. Alright, if he has eggs, and he doesn't need anything else that I have, I know that he will take my silver vice versa. If I have something that he wants and I don't need his eggs, I will take his silver. That silver and gold are going to be the medium of exchange. I want all of you preppers out there to get ready for that.  They will be far too valuable. You may use a gold coin to barter or to buy property. You may buy a house. You may buy someone's land with it. You're not going to buy eggs with a gold coin. Because the other person is not going to easily be able to make change. What you're going to want to do is you're going to want to have silver. Gold is a great way to store large amounts of wealth. Because it doesn't take up a lot of space is easier to hide. Silver is bulkier to have the same amount of money in silver that you would have in gold. Silver by comparison is a lot bulky bulkier. But you can use smaller denominations of money when you're bartering with silver. So I think any form of easily recognizable silver is going to be good for barter. But it needs to be easily recognizable. I don't think sterling silver is going to be as easy to barter with. Yes, we know sterling silver is 0.925 silver. You can weigh it. You can do the calculations. All right, but sterling silver is not as convenient for one thing. What if it's not marked properly or what if it's not marked in a way that the other person recognizes or what if the other person just is not as familiar with sterling silver as you are. Yes, I think you can find someone who will take your sterling silver. I don't think it'll be as easy to barter with your neighbors using sterling silver as it will be if you use established forms like these. And that is coins that people recognize. Now what people also will recognize is they will recognize a one ounce silver round or one ounce silver bar. Here's a one ounce silver round. I think these will are spendable just as easily as the coins are because it says on it 0.999 fine silver one Tory ounce. There it is right there. One ounce 0.999 fine silver. People know what these are. It doesn't matter if it's in a coin form or not. It's not a coin. This is actually round. A coin is was originally made for money. This was a really made for money. This is called a bullion coin. Alright, so it's called a round. Whether it's round or whether it's a bar makes no difference at all. It's marked one ounce 0.999 fine silver. People know what this is worth. Because if you know what one ounce of silver is worth, that's what this is worth. Alright, I think another very convenient way is old US coins. These are abundant. Half dollar coins, quarters, dimes. Alright, all the US silver coins minted prior to 1965. That means those dated 1964 and earlier are made of 90% silver. And by the way, Canadian coins were made of 80% silver. I think up until 1968 you have to check check on that. I'm not really absolutely sure. But Canadian coins because it's a standard amount of silver and all their coins 80%. Yes, it's not as much silver as in this. It would take a little bit more of them to equal these 90% coins. But they're still silver and they'll spend just as easily more easily in Canada because Canadians will know what they are. And American in United States, we're not as familiar with Canadian coinage. But there's a lot of this old US coins around 1964 and earlier these are 90% silver. They contain approximately 0.72 troy ounces of silver per $1 face value. Okay, this is $1 face value. This is 250 cent pieces. All right, a silver dollar is $1 face value for silver quarters is $1 face value 10 silver dimes is $1 face value. So 10 silver dimes are worth to 50 cent pieces are worth four quarters. Are you see how convenient that is to do your calculations? It's the same amount of silver in all of them, depending on their face value. So if you need to make change, or you need to deal with small amounts of money, have quarters have dimes have half dollars. These are going to be your real money. It's going to be hard to buy eggs with a gold coin here. By the way, I just happened to find a Canadian dime. And I said this 80%. I don't know how that got in this bag 80% silver. Now these are what I recommend that you buy. Now it's perfectly fine to buy silver rounds and silver bars. But I recommend that you buy these. The reason for that is it costs money to mint coins. In other words, to put silver into coins. This has already been paid for it was paid for with your tax dollars back when these were first minted. So you can buy these for close to the silver value. Now right now, someone wants to go out and make a silver round. They have to take silver, melt it down, go through the process of making a silver round. So you're going to pay a little bit more than what the silver is actually worth. And that's called a premium. And that's perfectly fine. But you want to buy the silver, not the premium. Because when you sell your silver, you are not going to get the premium or at least not much of it. So buy the metal, not the premium. And that's the thing about these old coins is that is the premium has already been paid for. And you can get these for very close. And while I'm on that subject, other forms of precious metals that are out there. Make sure you are buying the metal. I've seen these little credit cards to have a small amount of gold in them, like one tenth of a gram of gold. I've seen these paper this paper money that has actually one tenth of a gram of gold. Alright, look up the price of gold. Can convert that from the price of gold is given in troy ounces, convert those troy ounces to grams. Do the calculations. You configure these these formulas out. They're easy. Look it up. Do the calculations and figure out what one gram of gold is worth and figure out what one tenth of a gram of gold is and whatever you're thinking about buying there. Alright. And look at how much you're paying you should not be paying if if one tenth of a gram and I'm just going to make these numbers up and if one tenth of a gram of gold is worth $10 you don't want to be paying $50 for it. You don't even want to be paying $20 for it. You don't even want to be paying maybe a little maybe you pay a little bit more than $10 maybe $11 or so I wouldn't want to pay more than $11 so don't buy $10 worth of gold and pay more than $11 for it. Do the calculations by the metal not the premium because when it comes time to sell that what you're going to do you know if you if you have a one tenth gram of gold and you paid $50 for it and it's only worth 10 when you go to spend it guess what you're going to get for it you're going to get $10 for it you're going to lose $40 when you want to go ahead and put that full $50 into the metal so that you can get it back don't fall for that by real money. My preference is these old US coins. Now I want to talk about a special coin and that's the 50 cent piece or the Kennedy half dollar. I want you to be familiar with this coin too. Now Kennedy was assassinated in 1963 and just as a little side note here the reason Kennedy was murdered was he was murdered because he came out against the Federal Reserve. He was going to get rid of the Federal Reserve. Alright and they had him killed for it. That right there should let you know who the enemy is. Okay, the enemy is the bankers and it is our government officials who are controlled by the bankers and that pretty much is all of them. But anyway, Kennedy was figured out why are we paying the Federal Reserve? Why are we making this money and then we're paying interest on it to the Federal Reserve? We could just make our own money and not pay anybody interest on it. Well, of course, duh, that makes a lot of sense, right? If you look at $1963 bills, you will find there are two kinds of $1963 bills. One kind has Federal Reserve note on the top and the other one has United States bank note at the top. Other than that, the dollar bills look exactly the same. Federal Reserve note, United States bank note. Those United States bank notes were the ones that Kennedy authorized by passing the Federal Reserve. You can find those bills out there. Look at them. Go to a corn collector, a corn collecting shop where they sell paper money. People collect paper money too. And ask for $1963 and you'll see what I'm talking about. That practically to me, that's proof right there why they killed Kennedy. He took the Federal Reserve note off the top and put on United States bank note cutting out the Federal Reserve. Well, you saw what happened to Kennedy. Anyway, they killed Kennedy in 1963 and in 1964, they came out with they changed the half dollar in his honor. And so the first year of the Kennedy coin was 1964 that happened to be the last year that our silver was 90 our money was 90% silver. So 1964 Kennedy half dollars are unique from any other Kennedy half dollars and that they are 90% silver. Alright, those were the last 1964 again was the last year that our money was 90% silver. Alright, 1965 and onward quarters and dimes were clad coins. They had no silver in them and all they're made of copper and nickel. They still look fairly similar, but they had no silver in them at all. What they did though, they continued putting silver in the Kennedy half dollars for another few years, but instead of 90%, they made them 40% silver. So the 64 Kennedy half dollars are 90% silver, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, and 70 are 40% silver. Alright, the reason I mentioned these is because these are still traded as bullion coins. You will see these, they are good money. You do have to make the proper calculations. They're not 90%. They're 40%. Look it up and see how much silver is in there. I don't remember right off the top of my head, but you go to bullion shops to buy a bullion. Alright, if you go in there and say I want to buy some 90% silver coins, or we're out of those, which they're going to be soon as people catch on and start buying more of these. But we've got some of these 40% Kennedys bomb. They're good. Alright, they've been used for bullion coins. Ever since they've come out, they will always be recognized as bullion coins. You can spend these as money. They're not worth as much as a 90%, but they are still good money. 1970 Kennedy half dollar was not minted for circulation. The only ones in 1970. Oh, right. Yeah, right here. The only ones in 1970 minted were in mint sets. So the mintage of those is very small. You won't see very many of those. There were a lot of no, that's 72. Here's 70. Alright, 70. Alright, there are a lot of 69, a lot of 68, 67 and 65 and lots and lots and lots of 64. You do need to make a distinction between 64 and 65 through 70. Alright, because they're not the same amount, but they're all still good coins. Now they're good sources of silver. Now, in 1971, right here, they continued minting the Kennedy half dollars, but they took out all silver. They were the nickel copper coins that just like the quarters and domes already were since 1965. Alright, so for 1971 on and all of these coins, 1971, 72, 73, etc. All the Kennedy coins up to the present day. These were all copper, nickel coins just like our quarters and domes are now they are worth the same as paper money. Two of these is worth one paper dollar bill. Don't invest in these unless you're just like, like me, you like to collect some coins like this, but do not buy them for the silver content because they contain no silver. 64 is a very good coin to buy because there are lots and lots and lots and lots of them out there. And they're circulating right now as bullion coins, people who buy silver bullion are buying those are not just buying silver rounds and silver bars, they're buying also rolls and bags and huge amounts of 64 of Kennedys. They're also buying bags of the 40 percent Kennedys. Okay, so I just wanted to mention the Kennedy half dollars because they are unique. Our domes and our quarters were 90% up until they took silver out and then they had no silver in them after that. The Kennedy half dollar was 90% up and through 1964 just like the quarters and the domes and from 65 through 70 they are 40% silver. They are still good. What I recommend you do I know right now a lot of people have lost their drives. A lot of people are in dire financial situations. So everybody's different depending on what you're able to do. I recommend that any extra money that you have, you start buying these coins. In particular, what I would buy as I would buy the circulated United States silver coins. They've been around for literally for centuries. And there are record. Everybody recognizes them or for the new people who just are learning about this thing, if they don't recognize them immediately, they won't take them very long to learn. When we start using this as money, as a means of exchange, as barter, people are going to recognize these 90% US coins. People are going to learn very quickly. Most people already know what they are. The ones who don't are going to learn very quickly. Stock up on your 90% silver coins. Those of you who live in Canada, you want to stock up on your coins or 80% silver coins, that's perfectly fine. A lot of Canadians actually stock up on old US coins, 90% US coins. If you go to your coin and bullion dealer and they're out of these coins, don't hesitate to buy rounds and bars. Those are good too. It's just that when you buy a round or a bar, you're going to probably pay a little bit more of a premium because you're going to be paying the person who bought that, paid a little bit of a premium because it costs money to put that silver into that round and they're going to pass that premium on to you. Alright, so say if silver is $15 an ounce, you're not going to buy a one ounce silver round for $15. You're probably going to pay more like $17, $19. You want to keep that to a minimum. There are people out there who will charge you too much for these. Alright, make sure that you know what you're buying and know what it's worth. Now here in St. Louis, we have a dealer called Scotsman Coins. Their website is scoins.com. I have, I'm not affiliated with them at all other than the fact that I have been one of their customers for years. They know me. If you if you go in there and talk to anybody in Scotsman's Coins or if you contact them by email, tell them Doc sent you. Not all of them in there. They have large staff and not all of them know me but there are few people in there that I do business with and they will know me and you just tell them Doc sent you and they'll know exactly who you're talking about. But that doesn't matter. You're not going to get a special deal because she said Doc sent me. I don't get anything from them but all I have no financial relationship with them. I recommend them because I've been dealing with them for years and they are very, very, very respectable people. I have not only bought from them but I've also sold coins when I needed to divest myself of gold or silver or if I had silver and I needed to convert it to gold or actually took my sterling silver. If you remember from other video that I bought a lot of sterling silver, well when I moved out here, I wanted to downsize or for one thing to have a smaller house out here and I didn't want to move a lot of stuff. I took all my sterling silver to a Scotsman's coin and converted it all into rounds, silver rounds and silver coins. Now I had to have some money because I needed money to move and so I'm not saying that I converted all of it into a silver rounds. Unfortunately, I had to just sell some of it in order to have money to to move and to buy our property out here and everything. But and the reason I'm talking about Scotsman, Scotsman's coins is because even if you don't live in this area they have a great website. You can go to Scoins.com and look up other price sheets. If you want to do a comparison with your local dealer, look up their price sheets and see what they are selling 90% US coins for or bars or rounds or gold or silver platinum whatever. It's all on the price sheets. Alright, it changes every single day depending on the spot price of the precious metals so they print out these price sheets every single day. Go on the website, print out a price sheet, take that to your local bullion dealer, ask him how much he will sell you these 90 circulated United States coins for and look at your price sheet and say well you know how come your price is like so much ridiculously higher than this price here from this other dealer. Alright, make sure you have a current price sheet because this price does change on a daily basis but that will just give you some comparisons so that you will not go out there and pay too much. Remember one of the most important things that you can get from this video is buy the metal. Pay for the metal. Do not pay for the premium.  Buy the metal not the premium. Say and when you're buying gold and silver look and do the calculation. When you buy these little credit cards that have a tenth of a gram of gold in them, do the calculation. Find out exactly what a tenth of gold is worth and then how much are you paying for that credit card there or that or that paper money that's got gold embedded in it. Alright and if you're paying more than if you're paying a lot more now you again you're going to have to pay a little bit of a premium because it costs money to put it in that form but if you're paying like twice the price of what that gold is worth pass on it. You're throwing your money away. You're going to need every dime and you're going to need to put every dime into the precious metals. Stock up on precious metals here real soon. I believe we're going to be using this these for for money. I think you're going to need it. I think you're going to need to have it in your possession. Alright now what happens if you don't um if you're afraid of keeping these in your home? Alright I don't recommend you keeping a safety deposit box. The government has come into banks and confiscated people's wealth from safety deposit boxes and I think they'll probably do that again. You need to keep it secret. One way I heard one person suggested on the on a video that I watched on YouTube I thought was a great great idea and that is what he did was he went and got one of these storage facilities you know where you can um where you can store furniture um or whatever whatever you want to store you know where you get one of these storage containers or you rent one of these storage bins and you get a key to it and you go and you can go in and put things in it take things out as you want to. Alright take your gold and silver buy safe put it in the safe lock the safe put the safe in the back of your storage facility and then fill the rest with junk furniture. Alright and then keep that a secret and if anybody does break into your storage facility they're just going to see a bunch of junk old mattresses old couches whatever and they're not going to pull all that stuff out unless they know or if they suspect you're hiding something of value in there. Alright they're going to open that up and they're going to say well this is just a bunch of furniture yeah oh you know what I could use a chair I might take that chair but I'm yeah they're not going to empty everything out alright they're going to go through if this does happen these places are pretty well locked up pretty well protected and they're guarded and they're they're watched with video cameras I think they're safe but just as an extra layer of safety and so you don't have to keep this stuff actually in your home where it could be dangerous or where it could be uh where it could be stolen. Rent one of these facilities put your money in a safe put the safe in the back anything else of value that you want to keep there put some paperwork in there in case your house burns down you make copies of your paperwork whatever you want to keep in a safe put that in the back cover it with old mattresses and couches and chairs and things like that and um and and you're good. This is survival doc reminding you be prepared or be prepared to be fleeced


Well, welcome to this evening's second panel, site supervisor panel presentation, actually, where our students will learn about many of the opportunities that are available to them for the spring semester. During this section, we have five different opportunities represented. I'm afraid our first presenter from Pasadena Public Library was not able to attend, but we will quickly move through those slides and then we will begin the presentation with Richard from the Natural History Museum in Los Angeles. We'll hear from Stephen Parr at Oddball Film and Video. He's an old hand at this. And then Jane from Fullerton College Library and Chris from Monterey County Free Library. So we should have a very interesting evening. You see my picture down below, Dr. Pat Franks. Just call me Pat, and Melissa LaFranchise, the student assistant who gets all of the credit for putting this panel presentation together this evening. Right now, I'll just mention that Dan and Martha put together some slides for Pasadena Public Library where they talk about the public library in a community that treasures both its library and its history. There is some internship information that would be available to our database. So be sure to look for the scanning project director, job title. They are looking for students that I'm sure we're all looking for that love to work independently, apply roles and guidelines, work in iterative training sessions and situations, and have an interest in history and historical research. And there is contact information. If any of you would like to learn more about it, you can use the email there to find out more. I'm sorry they could not be with us. But right now, we'll move on to Richard Hussler from National Natural History Museum in Los Angeles County, and I'm going to turn the mic right over to Richard. You have the arrow keys that you can push to move your slides. And if you have a problem, let us know, and we'll move them for you. Richard? Okay, thanks, Pat. And as Pat said, I'm Richard Hussler. I'm the Natural History Museum Los Angeles County Chief Librarian, and we'll get right into this. The Natural History Museum of Los Angeles is actually a family of museums. It is the Exposition Park campus. It is the La Brea Tarpiz page museum. And it's the Hart Museum up in the northern part of Los Angeles County. And the research library is considered a specialized cultural institution library. The large library is located at the Exposition Park location. We also do have a library at the Page Museum, which I was at this afternoon, as well as a small collection over at the Hart. So the pictures you see before you on the right-hand side are pictures of the library as it is now, and although it's changing daily, without all my wonderful volunteers, which I'll get to in a second. And we have subject collections that are in selected areas of natural history, ranging from vertebral paleontology, including dinosaurs, one of our new dinosaur exhibits in the lower left, as well as to the other end of the spectrum, history and archaeology and anthropology, represented by our new Becoming Los Angeles Hall with the Charlie Chaplin costume, among other many other artifacts on display at the Natural History Museum in the lower middle part of the picture. The internship information, there's lots of different projects. If you take cataloging and are interested in cataloging or metadata or any information organization or anything of those and anything like those, there's plenty to do at my place. I have several interns from different institutions, including San Jose State's program, doing copy cataloging, as well as teaching them how to do some original cataloging with unusual artifacts. We also have a retrospective catalog conversion project with Dewey 2LC that is a multi-year ongoing thing that we do when we can. We also have, in the realm of digital libraries and websites, we, the museum does publish its own peer-reviewed journal and we scan that and we're scanning other publications of the museum and making them full text, keyword searchable and the intern could be involved with that. We are also developing a number of digital libraries using OCLC Content DM, as well as our library system EOS in this case based out of Carlsbad, which they're with their knowledge builder tool, as well as typical mark records from OCLC. We also have an external presence on the museum's website that is constantly having updates and I recently did a major website redesign that is available for experience. For those of you interested in research and proposal writing for funding support, that would be great. In fact, what most people don't realize is you can write a grant and get yourself funded to be paid by whatever funding agency or entity and come work for me. That would be wonderful. I'd love it. You'd love it. It'd be great. Global Research Publications Exchange Program. We have almost 600 different institutions globally. Every language, every alphabet is represented from the Middle East to the Far East to the South, everywhere to the North. So that's always a lot of interesting fun. We have special collections including maps, main maps and art in our collections that we are creating digital libraries for as well as there are conservation issues and management issues that you would get exposed to. And we do, with our special collections, we are doing another more granular inventory creation of finding aids for those interested in archiving kinds of projects. That would be good as well as potential digitization. We're getting a new copy stand and then you're, or a copy stand is not brand new, it's old, but into the library really soon to digitize some amazing 18th, 19th century large polios. We created the internship, or I created the internship as a shared experience for student and museum to learn and help each other as it says there. The museum is a research and education focused institution and internships provide a vehicle for information and skills transfer both ways.  The internship qualifications are following, it's no pay unfortunately, unless you write a grant and you get paid that way, that would be great. It's through the volunteer program at the museum and I supervise, I have an MLS as well as an MED, so I supervise all interns, whether I lend them out to other departments or stay in the library. The skills I'm looking for are an ability to apply your education, both current LIS education as well as any task experience in whatever topics you might have studied, whether it's social sciences, art, dance, theater, science, science would be great, history would be great, anthropology would be great in particular, and apply them to practical tasks. I do look for people who can work independently, but also as a team player on small projects because I do have folks work with other folks who are either volunteering or interning, as well as work on their own specific projects. The library experience is helpful, some of you probably have worked in libraries, others never touched foot in the library other than to use it as far as no work experience anyway, and that's not required, but it's helpful, and as I said, science, history, or anthropology background helpful, again not required. And successful interns combine the needs of their classes and their career aspirations into projects and I work very hard to make sure that we work with your goals and learning objectives to make sure that everybody wins. And my contact information is on the screen there. You can either call me or even fax me if you want, email me with any questions you might have. One of the, some of the key points is it is an onsite internship that, and I do that because a lot of what we have really requires you to understand and work with the physical collection, although part of your internship could be done remotely in a virtual instance, so that's possible. If you have a project for a class you want to do that's virtual, we can talk about that as well. You can do it for credit or not for credit, that's up to you, I'm okay the way and we can talk about that as well. You must be within a reasonable commute distance of the museum, which is based in Exposition Park just south of the USC campus near the Olympic Stadium. And if you, I've had people from as close as a few blocks away to as far as Santa Clarita or as south as far as Long Beach, so anything that you can tolerate is good for me. Contact me to set up an onsite visit appointment to review your options and actually understand what the library, the museum and the library is all about and get the museum volunteer application paperwork so that you can fill that out. And as I said internships can be for academic credit or not credit, it depends on what your needs are. And that's it. Well, thank you very much Richard. I especially was grateful that you mentioned the fact that students can write research grants in some instances in order to fund their own position at least on a temporary basis with your organization, with a natural history museum. So it's really quite exciting. And what we're going to do now is hold our questions and move on to the next presenter. I see his picture right on the screen here, Steven Parr from Oddball Film and Video. And Steven's going to talk about a different type of internship, virtual, although he may also have some onsite opportunities. So right now let me turn the mic over to Steven. Hi everybody. Here's a picture of myself in a very small part of our 50,000 print archive. And here's much more as well. Our company essentially provides stock footage for producers who make feature films, documentaries, music videos, projects like The Moving Milk by Gus Van Zandt that use a lot of archival footage. Programs like Knift Busters that explore the cutting edge of all the new science. Programs like the American Experience, things like that. Essentially we've provided footage for many of the major documentaries that you see out there. Our internships involve cataloging films in the Oddball database using Worldcat, the catalog of films, the World Catalog of Films, the Internet Archive and other online resources. Logging Quick Times, which are essentially a preview clips that we keep in our database to send to clients and other producers interested in viewing our materials. We also have other projects involving research, researching footage requests using publicly available resources. The Library of Congress, the National Archives, places like that. In terms of the virtual internships, we've been doing this for a number of years and we've been quite successful at doing so. Many of our interns move on to other positions here in schools like the Selznick School of Film Preservation, New York University School of Moving Image Preservation and the UCLA Moving Image Archiving Program. Some of our other interns are now working at the Library of Congress, the Academy Film Archive in Los Angeles and previously at Lucas Films. What you're looking at is a Quick Time Database. What you can see is probably a silhouette of some go-go dancers from the 1960s selling Spark Cards. It's a really kind of a campy pop type commercial. A lot of times people use things like that when they're making music videos or documentaries about the 60s. So essentially what people do is we send them clips and they basically incorporate the metadata under the subject category, the seropsis, the content, the keywords and other parameters. It's fairly simple, it's fairly straightforward. Now if someone was interested in a real-time in-site internship, those are a bit more rigorous. You get a lot of hands-on experience with film itself, transferring film, digitizing film, incorporating the metadata into the database. It's really, in my mind, one of the best ways to get this kind of experience. My experience has taught me that very few archives like ours are willing to have on-site internships simply because the film prints and the media is too valuable and verified to be used by newcomers. We don't believe that that's true and we've proven it by allowing interns into the archives. Our last two on-site interns, well, these, they were actually our last two, but about a year and a half ago, both were accepted into the Selznitz School of Film Preservation. They only accept 12 students a year, they get 200 applications. One of them received the Selny Pictures Scholarship Award, the Association of Moving Image Archives, this year. And so it's a really great way to learn how to work with film, how to work with videotape, and how to work with digital media. This is an example of our database. It incorporates a lot more parameters than the quick-time database does. We're in the process of revamping all our databases. We have about 12 databases. We're going to be revamping them into a very smooth architecture so that when someone is entering this information in-house here, it will go right up to our website. The qualifications we're looking for really are someone is self-directed with the ability to work independently. And that is someone that takes the initiative. If they're interested in this program, they'll call, they'll email, they'll follow through in every aspect of the process so that in addition they should be well-organized and detail-oriented, it goes without saying that anytime anyone's entering information in a database, that that's critical. You just call a word wrong, you file a film in the wrong place, you never find it again. So you'll need some excellent written communication skills. You need to be reliable and dependable. And you need to really be interested in doing this. It shouldn't be something that you just want to try out. It's something that you should be, have read enough about and have learned enough about in terms of what's out there, what you want to do to move forward. So that's really where I mean by goal-oriented. If you're interested at all, if you have any questions, I'm always happy to answer them. If you live in the area and you still want to do a virtual internship and that's happened before because many of us have to work during the day and they do the internship in the evening, I'll be happy to give you a tour of the archive at a time agreeable to both of us. So again, if you're interested, please feel free to email me at info.oddballfilm.com. Thanks very much for your time. Thank you, Stephen. As usual, I enjoyed your presentation and as Stephen mentioned, in the past we have had a virtual intern or two plan their break over the winter here now to stop by and visit Stephen and see where he's doing his work while they do their work in the spring from home. So thank you for your presentation and we'll move right on now to Jane Shibashi from Fullerton College Library and she'll talk about the internship position that they have available there on site. Jane? Thank you, Pat. My name is Jane Shibashi and I'm the circulation archives librarian at the community college and I'll be supervising the intern. My background is that I got my bachelor's at UCLA and when UC Berkeley had the master's in library and information science, I got my master's there. I also completed the Society of California Archives, Western Archives Institute. The internship at Fullerton College, which is located in Fullerton and Orange County, not to be confused with Cal State University Fullerton, will be primarily in the archives. It's a small collection that documents the history of the community college. This year is actually a good year to be doing an internship because it's our centennial year and the intern will be helping to document the history of this important year's events as well as to assist with processing materials from previous years. We have ephemera that needs to be sorted, organized, labeled, and rehoused and the ephemera can include promotional flyers, announcements for workshops, building inaugurations, theater posters, and blueprints and the top photo shows the library as it is now and the photo below is a photo of the library from our archives. So some of the things that are possible is that since 2009, an adjunct librarian and I have been working on an online pictorial history of the college and I've put the URL on the screen. You'll see it at libraryfphistory.fullcalls.edu and the internship projects may include photographing the activities on campus that are being held for the centennial, selecting photos, adding captions, and uploading the files to slideshow pro, which is the platform we're using for the online history. Since we're in our centennial the year, we would also like the intern to work on some outreach activities and this would be a discussion with the intern but some of the possibilities would be creating a display around the centennial theme using materials from the archives. We've also purchased licensing for Animoto Pro and Common Craft and we're purchasing some other equipment to make some information literacy online videos for distance ed students but I'd like to have somebody creative to create some online videos so that we could promote the online history and the archives. So that would be another possible project. And then in recognition that like me, it's not unusual for a librarian to work double duties at a librarian and an archivist, I went to an actual managing intern's workshop in UC Riverside and I got some ideas about how to handle the interns and I'd like to incorporate some other activities for the intern. So the intern will also get an opportunity to observe reference interviews and receive tips at the reference desk from the librarians working there, interviewing the librarians on staff to learn about the different positions in Fortin College Library and also observing information literacy classes, writing a brief evaluation of the instructional methods of the different librarians because we all have our different styles and sometimes there's on hand work during the information literacy classes, so the interns will help answer individual questions that the students have while they're doing their research on certain projects. What we're looking for, of course, everybody's looking for self-motivated workers able to work independently. I would, you know, preferably have some kind of archival course worker even experience but experience isn't necessary and successful interns have been detail oriented self-starters who enjoy local history, honesty, integrity and familiarity with social media would be good and then if you know, if you're creative, of course, we've got the outreach activities that would be good. Our fall semester is going to end on December 13th, so if you could possibly contact me about your interest in the spring semester internship, it would be preferably before December 13th. I'm off until the week before we start but I will be checking my emails to see if anybody's trying to set up an appointment for an interview but the sooner you get it in the better. I'll be setting up informal interviews in January during our break. I'll be coming in, I'm not actually working until we start our spring semester but you can send me a letter of interest, unofficial transcripts and a resume with some references and there's my contact information at the top. And I hope that some of you will be interested and I look forward to hearing from you. Thanks. Thank you very much, Jane. This is the perfect time to work in your archives at the library with the Centennial. It should be exciting and not only having a chance to digitize or post photos but also to actually take them should be a lot of fun for a creative intern. So I do hope that some of our students express an interest in this opportunity. Next we're going to go to our last presenter of this evening, Chris Ricker who's going to speak about the opportunities at Monterey County Free Libraries. So Chris, you're welcome to take the mic. Okay. Thank you very much. I'm pleased to say that I'm a graduate from San Jose State University's Library School back in 1994. And I do work now for Monterey County Free Libraries and we're a really kind of I think amazing library system with 17 branches and three bookmobiles. And we just celebrated our 100th anniversary in just a year ago. And we're a very diverse service area. We have branches in Big Sur, South part of Monterey County which includes a lot of farm labor communities. We have a branch in Soledad which has one of the California missions located there. So it's about 3,000 square feet in overall service space. So we do a lot with a pretty lean staff but everybody is very, very passionate. So, I'm sorry, this is my first slide. But you can see here in this historical photograph are First County Librarian Ann Haddon. And she established Monterey County Free Libraries about 101 years ago. And this is a picture of her delivering books to Big Sur. So she would pack up her borough and head out into the hills for, you know, really days at a time and deliver books to individual houses or, you know, if there was a school or a post office and she would set up these small little outposts. So that's kind of the beginning of our library system. And in some ways it, you know, feels, we still feel connected to her. Some of our libraries are really tiny and, you know, there's rumors that some were established in chicken coops, probably some of our staff still feel like they work in a chicken coop. But anyway, it's kind of a fun library system to work with. We, thankfully through Ann Haddon, have quite a collection of historical photographs. We have about 1,200 photographs that came from kind of her time. Most of them are, you know, pre-1940s. So we have them digitized but in a format that's, it's their JPEGs. And we really need to have better source images and they also need to be, you know, formally cataloged and we have purchased a content management system, which is OCLC's content DM. And we'd like to get that collection up online. So this, what we're looking for is someone to help us kind of get these images up and online and available to the public. And I think they will just be greatly received by the public. So there will be a lot of, I think, rewards in terms of service by working with us on this project. We do have just a rough policy and procedure for our photo archive collection in terms of, you know, getting a person's signature on how they're going to use the items. There's a form and we do even have a small fee for usage. But those are things we're looking at, again, as we put this collection online. So I think for an intern, it's really a wonderful opportunity to really collaborate with management directly on a real world policy for making these images available to the public. So that's really rewarding because it is a policy that will, you know, be around for a year or two and really help guide us. So I think that's a really good experience for an intern to have. And we would certainly benefit by your help. So we are really also looking for someone who's interested in digital archives, someone that has some familiarity with current standards. We do have fairly good knowledge of it ourselves, but we just really need someone to work with us to formalize those. So I really would encourage anyone who is interested to please, you know, send me an email about your interest. We could accommodate an off-site internship or on-site. It would probably be great if we could have you here and have you see these wonderful resources that we have. So I thank you so much for your time, and I hope to hear from some of you soon. Thank you. Thank you very much, Chris. I love that picture. It just sounds like another exciting time to be involved with the Centennial recently. The digitization projects, the use of Content DM, as I said before, are skills that are looked for in job openings, job listings now. And not to forget, though, that the policy development and the use of standards form the basis for those types of projects. And so I'm so glad that you're also emphasizing that type of work. I'm going to turn this over now to our final slide, which is for questions. And it doesn't just have to be student questions, but anybody at all wanting to know about any of the topics that were touched on today. You see the slide on your screen with our presenters. The first is not here, but the second through fourths are, or fifths are. So if anybody has a question, please raise your hand by clicking on the hand icon right underneath your name. It's the third ambient, third icon in. You could put your question in the chat area. We could read it off for you. Or if you have a mic, you can raise your hand and we'll give you the mic. And I hear somebody right there, so I'm going to look and see. Stephen, go ahead. Hi. Can you hear me? Yes, I can hear you. Okay. Hi. This is a question for Richard. I'm curious, because many interns are really in the need of funds. And I think the idea of having someone learn to write grants is a really good skill set to have. We've written another number of grants for my nonprofit, the San Francisco Media Archive. And I'm curious if there are any resources that you might have, any grants that might be available that students could write for some self-funding. Thanks, Stephen. There are several of the IMLS, the Institute for Museum and Library Services out of the federal government does have grants available for individuals in addition to institutions. There are also, we subscribe to the foundation directory, which I would have our interns take a look at because it lists a lot of private foundations as well as governmental type that are available. And what most students don't understand, and I didn't when I was a student either, so it's not something that, you know, to worry about. Is that there's so much money out there, and there's money for people who are in a master's program. And you just got to find it. That's the difficulties. And sometimes there's ethnicity requirements. Sometimes there's just subject error requirements. And I did have a student last year who was in a grant writing class. And so she wrote an initial outline of a grant related to something that we needed at our museum. It wasn't to do with funding a staff person. But the Getty is a place that once a year offers several grants that I would suggest folks look at. And I did have an intern of mine who happened to be from another school program, UCLA. Who did get funded. And she was funded and paid for eight months full-time work. So, you know, after she worked with me. So, you know, there you go. There are a couple of different options there. Thanks a lot, Richard. I really appreciate it. I do know about the Foundation Center. And it's a really great resource for any other potential people who are looking for interns to perhaps line up some funds as well. And make the position even more appealing. Well, thank you to both of you for talking about that topic. Perhaps that's something that Melissa made her note to remind me. That we should actually look at to see if we could provide more resources for our students to be able to look into those opportunities, too. I appreciate that. And I see Amy is closing her browser because she's on the East Coast, FMI. It's about five minutes to 11 years for us. So, it's a little late in the evening. If there was one other thing I think that was mentioned, maybe, Chris, it was you, that you had attended a workshop for intern site supervisors. And was it you or was it Jane? I think that was Jane. What was the question? Jane, did you mention that you had attended a workshop for internship site supervisors? All right. At UC Riverside just a couple weeks ago, they had an internship about managing interns. So, I'm probably going to do things a little bit differently than I've been done in the past doing a little bit more monitoring and trying to spend more time with the interns than I have in the past. That sounds like something I should look into as well just to see if there's something that we could do to help our interns a little more, our internship site supervisors. Do we have any other questions for our presenters? I realize it's late in the day for most of us. Okay. If not, I want to thank the site supervisors and everyone who attended and participated this evening. And we will be posting the recording link as well as the webcast of the recording within a day or so. And I hope that you'll consider applying for one of these internships. Thank you very much. Good night.


Yes, that's me on the day of my marriage. I got married when I was 24 years old. At that age I aspired, the only aspirations that I had were to get married and have three children. So that's what happened. I got married. It was an arranged marriage. Unfortunately, I wasn't happy in that marriage. And two months down the line, I asked my ex-husband for a divorce. And he retaliated with throwing acid on my face. So this incident happened on 28th May 1998. It's like an anniversary date, you don't forget. I was staying at my mom's house, and the act was planned and very well executed, I would say, because at quarter to nine in the night, he was dressed completely in black. And he threw this liquid on my face and flew abroad the very night he did it. Since I was unhappy in the marriage, I was happy that he did this to me. I was happy because when I had come to my mom's house, people around me had ostracized, like two months in the marriage. Come on, give it a shot. How can you do this? What have you done? Why don't you like him? Questions, questions, pressures of going back to the man that I wasn't happy with. And I was happy that he did this, because I didn't then have to explain to the world that what I felt was really right, that he was not the right person for me. And the time when he threw the liquid on my face, I knew it was acid. And the only thing I prayed for was God, not my eyes. And it's not less than a miracle that I have both my eyes. And I think that is fantastic. It is, I mean, when I saw those Fahri Gulmohar outside my hospital window, I had a hope to live, to live again. But my story really begins after the attack. So this is how I looked. Four surgeries down the line. So I did look even worse, horrendous. And if you see, there are two different faces. And the acid took away my identity as a person. People did not recognize me anymore. My baker, my, you know, I went down and people did not know who I was. Children got scared of me. They ran away. People just plastered themselves to the wall, you know, so that I could pass by. People are afraid to look at me. They were afraid to even talk to me. They were afraid to even invite me to their homes.  And because I looked different, I looked ugly, you could say. I looked unpleasant. I didn't fit in. Going down was trauma.  The stairs did not stop. The insensitive questioning did not stop.  If I sit in a crowded bus, you know, I actually find people not sitting next to me. And if somebody does, and if they see my face, they will get up and go somewhere else.   And I'm sitting right there, and I can hear it.  What does that mean? And these are educated young girls. And I don't know what to do at that point. I don't know whether I should, like, educate her, or whether I should just get up and go to another compartment, or I should just shut, I don't know. I would like to show you all some images asking very pertinent questions.  She wasn't happy with her life. Are you willing to look at me? Are you interested in me or my story? Will I be laughed at? Would you run to help me or talk to me? Would you shake my hands and touch my face without thinking? And our behaviors to people who are visually different, to people who are disfigured are usually these. Do you agree? Most times I find pity. Oh poor thing, there's awkwardness. People don't know how to come and approach me. People raise eyebrows, hmm, what must be her story really? Look away, awkwardness, staring.  I would like to highlight these things because this is what people with disfigurement go through every day of their lives. They are this isolated section of people who are afraid to come out of their homes because of these attitudes and behaviors. They are also people who conform that they are ugly and they are visually different. Like for me, going to social events, a huge challenge because I don't want to be stared at.  Because I have heard that pregnant women are not supposed to be seeing ugly things, things that disturb them. I myself conform to the ideas that, okay, I don't have this face, so I think I shouldn't be socializing anymore because what if I'm rejected and what if I'm thrown out of a restaurant? And I have been. So what kind of a society are we living in? What kind of messages are we putting across? And these start from very young, I feel, you know, a distinction between the fair and the, you know, a fair child and a dark child. You run for the fair one and say, oh, what a cute, cuddly baby and maybe the dark child would be just wondering, oh, okay, I don't fit in. Portrayals of media, portrayals of our own perceptions of beauty. Somebody somewhere said that a symmetrical face is beautiful. So what happens to people like us then? I think our attitudes are the real disability and I think it's time to address them. It's time to break those stereotypes, those prejudices that we live with. But it becomes difficult for a person like me to go to a place where I know I won't be accepted because you need to dress up a certain way, you need to look a certain way, you need to wear makeup, et cetera. What if I don't have access to all that? You know what happens then? It reduces my chances to social participation. I am pushed to a corner to address this very, very important issue started an organization called Palash Foundation. And Palash, we chose the name Palash because the flower, which is a very obscure looking flower, all in shape, is the perfect analogy for people who are visually different. And hence visually striking. It's also called the flame of the forest. I would like to talk about Dixitra a little bit. What we do is, the idea of Palash is to address social reintegration and livelihoods for people with disfigurement. Now disfigurement could be of any kind. It could be due to burns, it could be due to an accident, a skin disease, a congenital birth defect. It could be anything that has a visual difference, a physical alteration of the body.  She's got a one-year-old son. She comes with a very poor background.  And we went to her home and she lives in this very dingy house with no electricity.  And she said, I did try that, but as soon as I step out of the house, my neighbors shut their doors and go inside. And she said, I don't wanna go out because you know what, I don't want to scare them. And she prefers to stay isolated in her home because that becomes a comfort, her safety. And then what Palash does then is educate people like her. I mean, imagine she believes that she's not good enough now to socially participate. And it's okay for others to reject her and isolate her. What Palash then addresses is social reintegration. So we go to groups of people and we talk. We talk about disfigurement. We talk about stereotypes. We challenge them. We would go to our community and talk to her neighbors and tell them, is this the way one should behave? Is this how you want to kind of, because this is an accident and accidents can happen to anyone at any given point of time. These are a few facts. Over 9,000 burn survivors in Bombay alone and there is no burn registry in the country. So you can't even calculate how many burn survivors. We reach out to only 15 burn survivors in a day because we are a small organization with just two people running the show. There are hundreds contemplating suicide by fire at this very moment. Most cases that we deal with in hospitals are suicidal. Most of them are women. Most of them are from 16 to 25 years old. And there are many more disfigured out there living in isolation. We don't know where these people are. Do you see people like me on the street? One or two maybe? So where are these people? 9,000 survivors in Bombay alone. Where are these people? I would really, really like you all to think about this. Really like you all to think about, you know, the stereotypes, the prejudices that we are living with. Imagine a world, imagine a world where people like me are there in thousands on the street and there will be no differences. Wow.  All of you are different. Then why a certain section of people who are visually different, who don't look normal, whatever normal is really? Living in isolation, not getting jobs, getting frustrated and wanting to die. Think about it. I'm sorry, I'm not ending at a happy note, but I just, you know, want you all to really, really mull over this. Thank you.


Hi everyone, I'm Samuel Ortiz from Intel and together with Eric Ernst from Apple, we're going to talk about confidential computing and containers. So confidential computing, this may sound like yet another Cloud Buzzword, but we actually believe that the Cloud Computing technology is building and providing a way to create a very interesting new threat model. So if you look at the existing trust computing base for a typical guest running on the Cloud, it needs and includes all these layers here from hardware to software, including the hypervisor, the host operating system, the host kernel, the firmware, everything must be trusted by the guest. Everything that's provided by the host must be trusted by the guest. And what confidential computing and the related technologies is trying to build is a threat model where all the software layers provided by the host are actually no longer trusted. So it's trying to remove each and every piece of software provided by the host out of the guest TCB. This is very appealing. These essentially completely remove the host software stack from the guest TCB, including the host firmware, the kernel, the hypervisor, everything is out. And the interesting part of this is that the tenant is the only one that can see and modify its data. No one else can see it, no one else can modify it. And most importantly, the infrastructure owner, the CSP, the infrastructure provider does not need to be trusted anymore. So this is a very interesting threat model. How do we get there? What needs to be provided by those computing, confidential computing technologies to build that threat model? Well, the first thing is that they need to protect the tenant's data. This is obvious, I think. If you want to remove the host software stack from the guest TCB, you want to make sure that the host software cannot see or tamper with the guest data and the tenant's data. But that's not enough. We also need to let the tenant verify what it's running, which software component is running, how it's running, and on top of which hardware it's running. And we're going to go through those requirements in a little bit of details. So first, we want computational computing technologies to protect our data. And we can already do that. Our data can be in three different states. It can be in transit. That is typically where your data is going through some networking pipes. And we have TLS, we have VPNs. When our data is in that state, it's basically protected. We know how to do this. Same for when the data is at rest, which means it's stored somewhere. We have disk encryption. We know how to protect our data when it's resting in some physical medium. The thing that we are lacking for completely protecting our data is protecting it when it's in use, when it's being computed. And to do that, we need to be able to encrypt the memory where our data is being computed, where it's being loaded. And our data is also going through our CPU states, our registers, our stack. All this needs to be encrypted as well. So we currently don't really know how to do this except when using confidential computing technologies. But protecting data is not enough for confidential computing, for removing the host software stack from the guest TCP. If we protect the data and we don't know which software components are using or loading or modifying this data, we don't know which data it is. It could be completely bogus data. It could be rogue data. It could be malicious data. So as a tenant, in order to not trust the software components coming from the host, I want to be able to not only protect my data and make sure that my infrastructure owner cannot see or temper with it. But I also want to be able to verify that the software stack that I'm running inside my guest is the one I'm expecting to be running. And also that this software stack is running on top of a hardware platform that I know. And that is the expected one. If I can do both at the station and basically verify that what I'm running is what I'm expecting to run and I can protect my data from the host, then I can really start building this new thread model where I can safely remove the host software layers from my trust boundaries. In order to do this, there are some hardware dependencies. Protecting the data in use, doing memory encryption and CPU state encryption, together with that the station both need hardware support. You don't want to do that in software, essentially, because if you do that in software, you again have to trust the host. So that need hardware support. And there are a few technologies coming from AMD, IBM, Intel trust domain extensions that are providing these supports. So those technologies in one way or another, they provide memory and CPU state encryption and integrity, sorry, and they provide a way to attest what kind of software stack you're running in the guest. The interesting part about it is that they all design as hardware virtualization extensions, which means that they have a strong requirement that if you want to do confidential computing, if you want to, as a tenant, as a workload, if you want to be able to take advantage of those confidential computing technology, you're going to have to run inside a virtual machine. So that brings software dependencies.  That means that as a workload, you're going to have to indirectly talk to an iProvisor. You're going to have to talk to KVM and QMU or Client Provisor, for example, or IPV or any iProvisor that actually supports those confidential computing technologies. Okay, so now we've seen what we're expecting from the emerging confidential computing technologies to be able to build that new thread model. Let's see how we could apply a confidential computing to containers. And the goal here is really to abstract all the dependencies that we just enumerated, the hardware and software, and provide confidential computing to cloud native in a seamless form. We want these to be seamless for containers to consume. There are a few blockers. The very first one is that RunC does not talk to KVM. RunC is the most ubiquitous container runtime, and that's the one that is going to start your containers and manage your pods and Kubernetes eventually. So if RunC does not talk to KVM, if you run your container workloads through RunC, you're not going to be able to access the confidential computing hardware extension, because as you remember, the whole design has hardware virtualization extensions. So that means you cannot protect your tenant's data while it's in use, and you're not going to be able to build that confidential computing thread model. The other blocker is that Sierra your runtime expect to be able to mount container images on the host. So before launching a container workload, they actually mount the container image on the host, and then they let the container workload access it through some namespaces or in some of the cases through virtualization technologies, but they would access what's mounted on the host. If we let the Sierra runtime mount container images on the host, we basically are letting the host access and tamper with our data, and we cannot protect the tenant's data while it's at rest. So those are the two main blockers. Solutions for this, solution for enabling confidential computing for containers are three falls. Cata containers is the first one to use Cata containers instead of RunC and leverage the hardware virtualization extensions that are providing by these confidential computing technologies. The second one, the second part of the solution is being able to encrypt the container image layers or at least verify and sign them. And last but not least, we want to be able to offload the container image service inside the virtual machine. And Eric is now going to go through those solutions in more details and explain why we think they will be able to bring confidential computing to the cloud native ecosystem. The scene is all yours Eric, thanks. Thanks Samuel. So as Samuel pointed out, you know, in solution space, one of the things that we think makes sense is Cata containers, but let's kind of get into that a little bit more detail. So requirement is clear that you need to have a virtual machine in order to be able to leverage these extensions. So it needs to run inside of a VM, that makes sense. Further, you know, based on that need to use hardware virtualization as isolation layer. So normally your CRI runtime will call into runtime to actually create the virtual machine and run your pod inside of it. There are a few different sandbox runtimes. G visor, firecracker and Cata containers are three listed here, but you know, there are others as well. G visor, we didn't really see as a perfect match just based on, you know, it's utilizing a user space kernel, it's not, you know, it doesn't end up booting a full virtual machine. So we didn't think that that would be a perfect match there. Firecracker, similarly, it's the firecracker runtime utilizing the firecracker VMM. It has some limitations device-wise that make it a bit more challenging when using in a Kubernetes environment and when you have multi-container pods and everything else. So really we saw Cata containers is the more natural fit solution for this and in that you can have full compatibility in Kubernetes. You can still use VMMs like Cloud Hypervisor or QMU and really, you know, provide the hooks necessary to be able to leverage confidential computing. So with that, then the whole image management, as well as any real storage management, there are kind of two parts of it that we want to look at, one of them being service offload. So when we talk about service offload, we're really saying we don't want to mount it on the host. As Samuel kind of pointed out, like we can, we can do all this work to protect our data while it's executing, but if we forget to protect it at rest, we're kind of, there's no point in anything that we're doing. So we want to avoid the CRI runtime needing to mount or do anything really with the images on the host. So the different ways we can do it, one of them is kind of naive, I would say, and that is to fully offload to the guest. And what I'm seeing here is that don't do anything in the CRI runtime, and instead do the pull and everything inside of the virtual machine. That makes it easy and, well, easier in that it's a single, you know, service operating inside the guest. When I said it was naive before, it's, you know, you can imagine a situation where you have 30 pods running on the node and each of them are running maybe the same image or maybe sharing most of the layers of their image. What you're going to see is, since it's happened inside each guest, which means it happens for every single pod, we do this image management, there's no deduplication. So every single layer is getting pulled inside each one. So it's kind of a bit abusive maybe to the file system, but even worse probably for the network as well as you go ahead and pull all these images for every single pod running on that node. It's a good first step and it really does move things away and protect the data, but probably something a long term that you would look at is to do kind of a mix where maybe you do the pulling of the actual layers on the host itself. So you can have some sharing there, but then present all of these layers to the guest. And the guest then would be able to pick the appropriate ones, do the verification, decrypt, etc. inside the guest itself. So I would see that's kind of the hybrid option for the mixed. And then the next step after that is looking at doing the encryption and verification itself. So great, we're not doing it on the host. That's wonderful. But now we actually still need to be able to do the decryption and everything else. So we need a way to be able to decrypt as well as verify. I say both of those things because you can imagine a situation where your image, you know, you have some very confidential algorithm that you're running on top, but your base image is alpine. You don't really need to encrypt alpine. That's not a secret. You just need to verify that this is the alpine you expect and you can do that through a signature instead. But either way, encrypted or verified, everything that's inside the guest brought into the guest needs to be this. And then in time that you pull these things out of the guest, you need to have it encrypted as well. So anything that it's going to be going to rest and kind of transporting out, we need to make sure that happens. So that's another aspect of things that need to happen. So first, let's walk through. This is what, you know, a high level of how things operate today. If you're using Cota CLH runtime class or using Cota containers with the cloud hypervisor VMM starting at the top, you know, kubelet will come in and see like, hey, there's a pot of science in my node. It's not there. We need to start it up. Go forward. First thing it's going to do is ask the CRI runtime to pull the image. If the image isn't already present, the CRI runtime would go ahead and pull this down and make it available. After that, kubelet would ask the CRI runtime to go ahead and create the container. In doing that, the first step, you know, we'll be making that image mounted so that way it can be consumed by the container. Then after that, in our case, it'll send a create container request to Cota containers. On the host, Cota containers we're talking to is the shim V2. What that's going to do then is start a virtual machine. So it's going to be using in this particular example, it'll be using VT and KVM on top of that will be the VMM cloud hypervisor, and that'll start the actual virtual machine. Once the virtual machine is up, you're running your guest kernel. The first process that comes up is the Cota agent. The Cota agent then is going to see, oh, I have this root FS available. I'm supposed to, you know, here's a config JSON that continuity gave me or cryo. I'm going to go ahead and now create this virtual machine. And tonight you have a pod working. How would this change in the case of using something like confidential computing? So runtime class, we'd have a unique one. Let's say it's cloud hypervisor with TDX. Similarly, people, it's going to do the same stuff. It's going to say, Hey, I'm going to run this pod, make sure you pull the image container date. In our naive case, we'll describe here, we're going to fully offload it. Don't actually pull the image, just kind of cash URL, perhaps, and just move on and say everything's fine. Now people are going to continue and say, Okay, I'm ready to create the sandbox. I'm ready to create the pod. I'm ready to create a container. It's going to issue a create container requests. CRI runtime doesn't need to do any mounting at this point. Instead, it's going to just forward the information to Cota containers, that same Shim V2 to create the container. Cota is going to start up the VM at this point. It's going to do the same thing. It's, you know, going to boot up the Cota agent is going to come up, but now it needs to pull the image. So what we're going to do is we have an attestation service. We have essentially the Cota agent will come up and say, This is the image that I need. Based on that, it needs to be able to decrypt it. And it's going to need to talk to a remote attestation agent or get away to be able to find the keys. So it'll talk to that remote attestation as an example. And it'll say, This is who I am. You know, it did a measured boot of the host platform, of the kernel itself, of the VMM, of the guest kernel, of the Cota agent, up to that point, all measures. So we can say, This is who I am. You should trust me. Please give me the keys so that way I can work on decrypting all the layers of your image so we can run your workload. So at that point, assuming everything looks good, we get the keys, we're able to decrypt and we're able to mount the image. And at this point, we're at the same situation we were before in the traditional case where we have a RudaFast on the file system in the guest. And we want to launch a container and things just continue normally at this point. So stepping back, great. On a slide, we show that it all works. And let's pretend we're a little bit ways out and all this is working end to end. What does this really mean for the end user? Confidential computing is very powerful. It's a great new threat model to be able to provide that security and practicing everything else for the end user. What does it mean for the developer? Unlike existing technologies today, it means absolutely nothing. You can get confidential computing without needing to change your workload. You're just writing a container. The thing about that, though, is you really should follow the same best practices as you always do. Namely, if you have a backdoor in your base image, your top layer, like this confidential is no longer confidential. It can be exposed elsewhere. So make sure you know what you're running. I would say that that's the only thing is you should maybe focus a little bit more because you're trying to be confidential. On top of that, I call this a tenant user. This is the person who's going to do Q-Cuttle apply, who is actually owning the YAML, who's running the workload itself. Maybe it's the same person as the developer. Maybe it's somebody else. In doing that, what does this really mean? There's two parts. One, you're going to need to update your pod spec, actually, just generally. You're going to need to use this specific runtime class just like you would do if you're using a sandbox runtime. On top of that, you're going to want to specify, how do I attest? If you were getting keys from a remote attestation server, you need to be able to specify, hey, use this URL to be able to communicate, to get the keys and pull everything else down. That would have to be custom per. On top of that, I would say, maybe that was the person doing the YAML. Maybe there's a person who's actually at the company who's using the service, who's set up the infrastructure for running the workloads. This person would have to, one, set up an attestation service. That way, you can go through and take the measurement from the cloud provider and be able to see, yes, this is the hardware and everything else. This is what I expect it to be running in and who would then be able to manage providing keys such that we could decrypt it if everything looks good in the running environment. Similarly, this person would also have to manage actually encrypting with those keys, encrypting the images and everything else and providing the container images. A little bit extra work there in order to be able to leverage. As far as a provider is concerned, one, you have to install a runtime that supports confidential computing. I didn't put it here, but that's kind of a base start. If that's in place, there's kind of a couple of things. Introspection doesn't really exist anymore. If you're running something that goes through a FALCO or something like that and you assume that you have processes running on the host that you can look at, you can't anymore. That's not there. Again, that's the whole point of what we're doing after all.  But two, there is often, for all the different architectures, the number of keys that are available for encrypting each trusted domain, each VM is a finite resource. You're going to need to treat it like a finite resource that you can schedule against. That'll be something like a device plugin. That's what it means for there. Ultimately, not too much changing, nothing too drastic. Let's talk about gaps then of where we actually are today versus what we're working on and what's coming in the future. On the COTA container side, there's a few different parts. One is be able to make sure we're using a VMM that has these APIs to leverage the confidential computing hardware virtualization and make sure that in doing that, we are creating configuration knobs for the user to be able to specify things like how do we get the keys, how do we do attestation, how do we actually enable confidential computing in general, so adding these. On top of that, there's the actual key provisioning. Again, depending on the architecture, we're going to be getting keys from different ways. We could be getting it from the firmware on the host. We could be getting it from a remote server. In general, we need a way for the COTA agent to be able to get those keys so that we can go through and decrypt the images. As part of that, we're going to have to be able to do attestation. We're going to have to be able to have a set way to be able to have a measured view up to the point and including the COTA agent inside of the guest in order to facilitate responding to a remote attestation that says, this is who I am, please give me the keys. On top of that, the agent API, we're going to have to lock down a little bit more and remove some of the features. Example, you can cube control exact into a container today and poke around. If you can do that in a confidential environment, things are a bit broken. It's not confidential. You can just access and get in all the different debug and kind of ways to interact. We really need to lock some of those down. Some of the aspects of the agent API itself will remove so that way we can indicate clearly that this is not supported in this configuration. On the image side, the COTA side, we can figure all that out, but this is where it's a lot more fun and interesting interacting with kind of some of the pod lifecycle that we take for granted and being able to facilitate doing this image service offloading, being able to have a remote target for who does snapshotting instead of inside the guest. There's a lot of opens there and really we're looking forward to talking folks on it. Similarly, how do we do image layer encryption? This is something that is beyond the scope of what we're just looking at. This is something already well discussed and in progress from an OCI specification standpoint. So overall, stepping back, some kind of takeaways and summary, one, confidential computing requires VMs. So keep that in mind and that's really again why we're focused as COTA containers and other VM isolated workloads is a good target for this. There are a lot of different implementations from a hardware perspective on how confidential computing is being carried out, but our goal and what we're working on is to abstract it away so that way they don't have to be exposed to this, but still make it clear to understand what level of isolation is there for the user. And for the end user who down the road just wants to use this, really they don't have to think about too much. As long as the attestation frameworks and everything else are in place, you are right in your same yaml and just adding a different runtime class ultimately. So it shouldn't have to change. You certainly shouldn't have to change your actual application itself. And then the last point is that this is very much a work in progress and the goal of presenting here is to really put it out there, get people to think about it, and look for gaining input and discussion from folks. So at this point, I think we are open for Q&A and we do have a link here to the outstanding issue that Samuel has put together to kind of look at bringing support for COTA containers for confidential computing and to end. Thank you very much.


The Edo deputy governor, Philip Shuaibu, says the government is ready to invest and reposition sports and discover talents in sports and activities across the state. Shuaibu made the statement while declaring open the one day stakeholders workshop on sports development in Edo state. Government has committed huge funds in rebuilding major infrastructure that will enhance sports development in Edo state. That is why Shuaibu has remained steadfast in the official transport sector and restoring Edo state's lost glory. For us as a government, what made me to reiterate our commitment was returning sports to the community. For stakeholders to gather and to look at the way forward for us also in Edo state, I'm very convinced that the objective for this workshop has been achieved. But going forward, like the Edo service has said, it's worth it to formulate policies for ESAGULAT to ensure that those policies are implemented. I have no doubt in my mind that what I've done here today that making our state great again is very, very much possible.


A minibus traveling on the Odessa Voronezh route and known to be carrying explosives was detained on the territory of Georgia. This is stated in the information released by the Security Service of Georgia, according to information, the discovered explosives were supposed to be used to carry out a terrorist act on the territory of Russia. Citizens of Georgia, Ukraine and Armenia participated in the cargo transportation. It is said that the sending of the cargo was organized by Ukrainian citizen, deputy of the Odessa regional rata, Andrey Sharashits. According to information, other persons involved in the transportation were not aware of the content of the cargo, explosives with a total weight of 14 kg were transported under the name of batteries. The cargo was sent from Odessa to Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey, and on January 19th, it crossed the border crossing Point Serpi, Turkey, Georgia. The Russian city of Voronezh is indicated as the delivery point. Three of the explosives were confiscated at the Russian-Georgian border, and three were kept in Tbilisi.


Hi everyone, Joe for Jaspy's casebrace.com our last filler for that Immaculate 1 box break coming up in the next video But first we're gonna do this mosaic basketball hobby pack Big thanks everybody here for getting in on it All the teams are in let's do the break first and then we'll re-randomize your names for the For the Immaculate spots snake eyes two times easy one and two for names and teams One and two All right, so here's the first half of the list right here Second half of the list right over there. Let's print and rip. I don't I think but let's see what we got in this hobby pack Got a James Weisman nice silver Kevin Knox red national pride LeBron James All right, so nothing too crazy here, but Carl you'll get that LeBron red parallel not numbered national pride Carl. It's pretty sharp Warriors the world champs Nico the goal say we're just James Weisman get a ring Me probably does right All right now. Let's flip back over here Let's gather everybody's names one through 30 new dice new lists top 10 after Seven lucky seven top ten after seven gets into the next break one two three four five six and Seventh and final time so from 11 on down sad times But I appreciate you trying. Thank you We'll get him next time Top 10 though happy times happy times for David David again Austin Jose Robert David Nico Carl Corey and Jose So congrats the top 10 after seven we'll see you in the next break the next video for the break If you ask these case breaks calm. Bye. Bye