Hey guys, this is how you're from x trades and yeah, we're gonna go with another weekly video this week And yeah, we'll start off with the indices as usual Take a look at spine QQQ So I'll start off with the weekly chart So SPY has been doing pretty well recently last week we did pull back so So so we started out Five up weeks in a row right and then we put in a consolidation bar and then last last week we broke that strong volume Strong move up right and now we're consolidating again, which is perfectly healthy action, right? So there's a very good chance. I said this a couple weeks before But there's a very good chance that we could just consolidate and wait for the trend line to catch up Right because we did get pretty extended off the five up weeks in a row So it would be perfectly normal to see more consolidation and just wait for the trend line to catch up and then get a bounce, right? So I think that's what's happening here And even though we pulled back this week with a perfectly normal pullback and Yeah, completely normal action right nothing out of the ordinary still very bullish and it's just a minor pullback and If you look at the big picture, we're definitely still in a very clear uptrend, right? so I Don't think there's anything to be worried about Overall really good action the next level we want to watch out for is that 4 4 4 level to break if that can happen then the next We have room to 453, but yeah overall the SPY looks pretty good. We'll take a look at QQQ So QQQ same thing right but QQQ is even stronger and it already reached that the 369 level so SPY SPY still hasn't reached that 453 level right but QQQ is already there, which is good QQQ has been showing more strength in general so attack in general this year has been Really strong right and yeah, we're consolidating right below it, and this is actually really really good action We're starting to build a nice bull flag, right? Let me try So we're tightening up getting tighter and tighter And I think there's a very good chance that we could see a big move in the coming weeks or coming days But yeah, we'll see what happens But if we do break down then I think it would be fine as well as long as this trend line holds right this trend line This is what is what is the most important right now? So yeah, we got really extended here right one two three four five six seven eight green weeks in a row So I wouldn't be surprised to go sideways for a bit longer and just wait for the trend line to catch up But yeah overall really good action and both the indices and let's take a look at the daily chart. Yeah Not much to really say Yeah, we've basically just been consolidating under that 370 level So we'll see if that can get taken up But I think very likely that we'll just keep points sideways for a little bit, but overall really good action still Yeah, now we'll take a look at some of the big cap tech stocks. We'll start off with Tesla Tesla also has earnings coming up on the 19th So that's something to watch out for but Tesla has been acting really well. Let's take a look at the daily chart So you got a really nice gap up on Monday and then it's basically just the forming a bull flag This is basically just from the bull flag the past week, which is perfectly normal action So if this bull flag gets taken out, then that'd be a bullish setup and you would be you would want to be buying above that Well that 280 level or if that trend line gets taken out Then you want to be buying and then yeah, we have room to 310 overall really good action from Tesla And yeah, nothing to be worried about. I think if we do go sideways We could see a slow grind down for Tesla and we could fill the gap maybe but Yeah, if the market can't hold up Then I think we can break that trend line and make a quick move up to 310 But yeah overall really good action from Tesla Next up we'll take a look at NVIDIA So NVIDIA has been basically going sideways this week too It tried to break the 432 level twice on Wednesday and Friday, but it failed both times. So that's clear resistance level, right? That's a clear resistance level and we want to see that getting we want to see that get taken out And if we can take that out, then I think we have room to all-time highs again But yeah, we're starting to form some sort of bull flag here as well So we can consolidate for a bit longer and then break out that would be really good action But yeah overall healthy action on NVIDIA. I think we can see a new all-time highs very soon Next up we'll take a look at Netflix So Netflix has also been acting pretty well Didn't really do much this week tried to break out made new 52 week highs and then pull back in on Thursday And on Friday put a consolidation bar in but yeah, Netflix. Let's take a look at the weekly chart So Netflix is also very extended like the QQQ right had one two three four five six six screen six Up weeks in a row. So I wouldn't be surprised if we got more consolidation waiting for the trend line to catch up But yeah overall really good action and the key resistance level is that 447 ish So if we can take that out then the next level would be 475 But yeah overall really good action And I wouldn't be surprised if we did pull back more and just rested for a bit longer And we'll just wait for that trend line to catch up and Netflix also has earnings coming up on the 19th as well So yeah, watch out for that And then take a look at Microsoft It's Microsoft's forming a really nice pattern here, right? So it's making a cup here and that we could potentially pull back and make some sort of handle right if we do that that would be a classic cup and handle pattern, but Right now Microsoft's acting pretty well We made a really strong rally this year right Back to all-time highs and now we've just been consolidating and flagging and we're getting tighter and tighter And this is perfectly healthy action, right? So I think Good chance that we could consolidate for a couple more weeks tighten up a little bit more and then we can see a big break out Or we could pull back and form a the handle part of the cup and handle pattern and And then break out later, but yeah overall really good action on Microsoft as well Next up we'll take a look at Meadow So Meadow has been slow grinding up this entire year this one's crazy, right? This one ever since got that breakouts just been going higher and higher and yeah It's been turning up really really nicely. I tried to break out this week actually, but We close right so that 290 level is clear resistance level and we're currently at that level right now, but Let's take a look at the daily chart So it has room to 305, but I rejected at that 290 level it tried to break out and then close pull out or yeah, it closed it actually closed above that level So that's fine, but I don't like that volume, right? It looked like we rejected on higher volume. So We'll see what happens, but Meadow does have a pretty Tight trend line here, so we'll see if that breaks right that breaks and we could see a bigger pullback But if we continue to bounce off it then easily target is 305, but yeah, we'll see what happens this week Overall still really good action on Meadow as well. Next up. We'll take a look at Google So Google has been going sideways for a while now had really so it had a really strong breakout for two weeks No, and then it's been consolidating and now it's pulling back Yeah, there's not much to say for Google right now It's stuck in bits between this range right 127 and 118 And unless it breaks in either way and it's pretty much just in chop and you can go or it can continue to chop for a while, right? So Yeah, as long as 118 holds I think we're bullish. I think consolidation would be healthy action. That's fine But if we lose 118 that's gonna be a problem and we could see a bigger pullback to 109 But yeah, those are the key levels for Google Take a look at Amazon So Amazon's been acting pretty well here, right? It's been tightening up Yeah, it's been tightening up forming a bull flag No real Direction yet, right? Let me adjust the trend line a little bit So it's still in this trend line So nothing has happened yet But we're getting really tight and that we should see a big move in the upcoming week either up or down We'll see which way it goes. But yeah, Amazon's definitely ready to make a bigger move here And if we do go to the upside then or if we do break to the upside then the target would be 136 and We go to the downside There's a key support level 114 and Yeah, that could be a potential target for anyone that's shorting Amazon, but Yeah, those are the key levels for Amazon Next up we'll take a look at AMD So AMD has been stuck in this consolidation range for the past week So I tried to break 117 failed and I tried to break 111 and also failed for for the bears So we'll see what happens, right? It's right now It's in between this range if we can take on 117 then that's bullish if we lose 111 Then that's bearish and we could see a further drop to 107 and then potentially even lower than that But yeah, those are the key levels for AMD and then Apple So Apple has been insanely strong Right, it's been trending up. It's been trending higher and higher this entire year And if it's putting a consolidation bar on the weekly chart right now on the daily chart You can see that this is perfectly healthy action and that's just building a bull flag here. So completely Healthy action here and we could consolidate for a bit longer and wait for that trend line to catch up I think that'd be good action and I think we could expect that So you have a bit more pullback and then break that bull flag and then make a leg up higher Right and then I think the target for Apple would be the 200 level because that's the psychological level, right? but yeah overall really good action from Apple and Yeah, nothing to worry about for for bulls just yet at least Yeah Now we'll take a look at ARKK see how growth stocks are doing. Let's take a look at the weekly chart So it was building a nice bull flag here and we tried to break out this week but failed and Yeah, we'll see again. So the key level to take out is that 45 level if we can take that out Then definitely very very bullish on growth stocks like square Shopify things like that, right? But yeah, no, that's all there is to say for ARKK You want to see that 45 level get taken out or we could just be trapping around again between that 45 and 40 level But yeah, we'll see what happens overall Pretty good action. I would say Yeah, just more consolidation is it's not a bad thing We're just setting up for things to consolidate more and then get a bigger breakout, right? So Yeah, perfectly healthy action Now we'll take a look at some individual names that have been acting well. So I have three names for this week AI is one of them So AI has been showing a lot of relative strength recently had a really strong update on Thing this was Wednesday. Yeah, Wednesday, and then on Thursday consolidated pretty nicely A lot of names kept down, but this one held up pretty well and then on Friday Tried to break up fail to break out. So the key level is going to be that 40 point four ish level If that gets taken out then we could see a rally higher and the first target being a 44 and then We could see 40. Yeah, the 48.5 level and then 50 and then Yeah, just continue powering a higher and higher, but 40 level is 40.4 level is something that we have to take out first and if we can do that then we can see a lot of momentum Coming back into this talk, but yeah, this one's a fast mover So, you know, definitely keep your eyes on this one on this one because it can offer good opportunities Okay, next up. We'll take a look at Rivian. So this one had a massive massive move last week Yeah, one from $13 to 25 almost a hundred percent move right and yeah and rejected at that 25.8 level, which is a Significant resistance level. So now we want to see if we can consolidate for a couple weeks Form some sort of flag and if we can do that, then this would be a top tier setup to watch, right? Really really nice volume. This is institutions buying for sure, right? so definitely want to be paying attention to this one and Yeah, hopefully we can form some sort of flag and then we can buy it on that flag break out And next up IONQ. So this is another AI related stock cloud computing stock Actually not cloud computing. I think it's quantum I'm not sure what it is, but it's related to AI for sure and Yeah, this one had a really nice Bullish breakout really nice candle here really nice volume and now it's currently flagging so Yeah, it's currently flagging here really nicely. So if we can take out that 14 Resistance level then a good chance that we can break out and continue to power higher. But yeah Definitely have this one on my radar This one likes to make really big moves consolidate for a while and then make a big move again So this one is consolidating pretty tightly right now So definitely keeping this one my watch list and seeing if we can take that 40 14 level out And if we can then I'll be looking to buy but um, yeah, that's pretty much it Yeah, that's my list for this week. Thank you guys for tuning in and yeah, peace out


that I don't have to be good at everything or pretend that I am. Insecure leaders try to come across like they're good at everything. Instead of saying, you know what guys, this is not my sphere, and therefore I will not be saying a lot at this point.  So this appreciation and celebration of limits is what I'm appealing for in our leadership styles, in all walks of life.  Appreciate your limits. Be brilliant inside your limits. Then let others do the same inside their limits. It's a win-win scenario.


We have been discussing the compressibility characteristics of soils in the previous lecture and this is where I had introduced the concept of consolidation also. Specifically I talked about the difference between consolidation and compaction and I think I highlighted that these are two mechanisms or different mechanisms which occur in the different states of the material. After talking about the computation of settlements in the soil mass because of the external loading, I discussed about the one-dimensional consolidation theory which is proposed by Terzaghi and this is a spring analogy which I discussed in details followed by the assumptions which are made in the one-dimensional consolidation theory proposed by Terzaghi. In today's discussion I will be talking about the first of all derivation of the one-dimensional consolidation equation which is used to obtain the pore water pressures as a function of time and z and once the pore water pressures are known I can obtain the settlements undergone by the soil mass because of external loading. To begin with let us try to derive the one-dimensional consolidation equation if I have the soil mass and if I take an element of the soil mass of depth dz located at a depth of z up to the cg and as you remember what we did is we exposed this soil mass to external loading maintaining the two boundaries which are freely draining. So this is the boundary number 2 and number 1 and there is an external load which is applied on the system which is causing delta sigma to occur at this point at the middle of this element. So if this is dx and the third dimension if I consider to be dy because of the loading the pore water pressures are going to develop and because of the development of the pore water pressure and due to the vicinity of the draining boundary there will be a tendency of the soil mass to dissipate the pore water pressures. So suppose if I assume that in this element there is a influx of the seepage or the discharge and this is vx plus del vx upon del x into dx. So this is a continuity of the flow which is entering in the system in this direction I can say this is del vz upon del z into del dz. So I have to reverse the directions of the arrows. So this is vz and this is a discharge which comes out. I can consider this element as a three dimensional element the way I have shown earlier and this axis is dy. I can write that is dv by dt is the change of volume. So let me put this as capital V so this is the capital V which is the volume of the element of the soil. I can prove that this dv by dt equal to velocity into the area. So that means del vx upon del x into dx multiplied by dy dz plus del velocity these are all velocities del v by del y into dy del x del z plus del v by del z into dz into dx into dy. I can simplify this as del vx upon del x plus del vy over del y plus del vz over del z into dx into dy into dz alright. I hope you will realize that I have already subtracted the discharge which is coming out of the element with the discharge which is entering into the element. So this is the mass balance alright otherwise this will be vx plus this term multiplied by dy dz minus this term. Now if I consider that the soil element is incompressible under that condition what is going to happen this will be 0 alright but most of the time soils are compressible as we discussed. So del v by del t is not equal to 0. Now the question is if I assume that the one dimensional consolidation occurring in the system can I obtain a relationship where I can show what is the value of rate of change of volume with respect to time. Now this is where we can help take help of the relationship which we have developed delta H upon H equal to delta E upon 1 plus E naught equal to you know this was our basic premise is this okay. Now analysis of this leads me to a situation where I would say delta H is equal to mv into delta sigma prime into H you are agree this we derived in the last lecture. What is delta sigma prime? Delta sigma prime is the effective stress which is developing at the CG of this element which we have considered because of the external loading. So this delta sigma z is equal to delta sigma minus delta u and this delta u is nothing but delta uw fine that means now if I try to write this function del v by del t can I write this that del v by del t will be equal to if I differentiate this function by substituting it over the here this will be mv is practically constant we are assuming multiplied by delta sigma will be constant what is changing is delta uw. So this becomes minus delta u I will remove the term w now is understood that the power of pressure so this is going to be del of t multiplied by H is constant okay. So what I have done is I have got a relationship between the coefficient of volume compressibility the power of pressure which is developing in the system and its rate of change multiplied by thickness of the sample. Now is there a way to get rid of the velocity vectors I hope you will realize that velocity is nothing but minus k into i so I can write this as minus k into del H upon del x where H is the head and this can be written as minus k over gamma w into del u by del x this is part clear because H is equal to gamma w into H into gamma w is equal to u for the pressure. So this is the relationship I am using so if I substitute it over here I can and if I assume a one dimensional situation your other terms will disappear and this is the volume term of the element I can write that minus k upon gamma w into del u by del x into volume alright and what we are doing is we are taking derivative of this function. So this function has to be differentiated with respect to x so this will be equal to minus mv del u by del t into H this is okay so this is your rate of change of volume with respect to time we have obtained. Now this is also going to be a function of volume because in one dimensional we have written like H so what I can say is that del u by del x square into k upon gamma w this will be equal to mv into del u by del t now this expression is of some use to us what we can do is we can write this as del u by del t equal to k upon mv into gamma w into del u square by del x square now this equation is known as one dimensional consolidation equation which is proposed by Terzaghi this term which is appearing over here is also defined as Cv. So where Cv happens to be the coefficient of consolidation now this is what is known as one dimensional consolidation equation which was proposed by Terzaghi. Now interesting thing here would be this is a transpose in the one dimensional case so this volume in three dimensional is volume this has to be multiplied by area of cross section because this equation is valid for delta H upon H remember area of cross section is constant so I can say this is area and this is also area so this becomes del v by del v this is how your this volume term gets cancelled with this volume term okay this is one dimensional case we are talking about only height area of cross section of the sample remains constant so what we have done is we have obtained the one dimensional consolidation equation and now to understand that what we should be doing with this equation number one what is the form of this equation suppose if I say del square u by del x square multiplied by Cv equal to del u by del t truly speaking if I solve this expression or this equation I hope you understand what is second law of fix or the fixed second law you must have come across somewhere is it not so this is u the pore pressure I can substitute it with the concentration I can substitute the temperature or whatever you want and then this is your second order fix equation so truly speaking u is a function of x and t x happens to be incidentally the z so to make it more apt to our discussion I will say this is z, t in simple words the one dimensional consolidation equation is the value of pore-water pressure at a given time and at a given depth in the soil mass so that means if I consider a given point at a given time because of the external loading whatever pore-water pressure is developing in the system is depicted by one dimensional consolidation equation this is part clear so what we have to do is we have to solve this differential equation to get u so this is the first objective when we solve this u as a function of z and t I have to apply some boundary conditions what will be the boundary conditions the moment I apply load because of the hydraulic conductivity and this is saturated soil so the assumption is the moment you apply load delta sigma gets generated and this delta sigma is at t equal to 0 initial condition so delta sigma is equal to or it is generating delta u now if my initial value of u is 0 delta u is nothing but u so this becomes u initial and if I say minus of this so basically delta u is nothing but the ui term initial pore-water pressure is 0 clear this is the first equation which I am having now this is existing at z equal to 0 at this boundary as well as at this boundary because both the boundaries are draining so this is t equal to 0 delta sigma equal to this and delta u equal to ui in the entire domain so this will be less than equal to d normally we define the thickness of the layer as 2 times d for a specific reason I will tell you why so if the thickness of the layer is 2d so the boundary condition is going to be z less than equal to 0 in the entire domain the physical significance of this is the moment you compress the whole system by applying external loading the initial pore-water pressure develops which is equal to the delta sigma value and at t equal to 0 the entire system shows a constant pore-water pressure alright this is the initial condition so that means if I want to plot let us say this is z and suppose if I plot pore-water pressures so in the initial condition what is going to happen is the value of pore-water pressure which is developing here as well as here is going to be a constant I hope you agree with this so this is what is equal to ui the moment you apply the pressure the pore-water pressure is equal to ui at t equal to 0 now what is going to happen something intermediate is going to happen at t equal to t let us say very difficult to estimate or if I want to estimate what is the value of pore-water pressure at a time at this time what I will have to do is I will have to solve this expression so this is what fz t would be intermediate state the third state is when I say t is tending to infinity so the moment you say t tending to infinity what is going to happen because these two are drainage boundaries the pore-water pressures at this point in the soil mass and at this point in the soil mass is definitely going to be 0 and the pore-water pressure is going to be completely 0 because t is infinity that means the other bound of the plotting would be u equal to 0 which is t tending to infinity and this is the case when you have t equal to 0 initial case this is part clear in between what is going to happen let us try to discuss what is the form of this equation what type of equation is this it is a parabolic function alright so that means in between whatever is going to happen is a parabolic distribution of u as a function of that and t so suppose if I consider the line of symmetry of the sample this line of symmetry also defines the symmetry of the drainage boundaries so whatever I am doing right now is valid only for the drainage boundaries 1 and 2 put together if I change the boundary conditions of drainage this solution is going to change now it so happens that the moment t increases from 0 to some finite value this is how so this is how it is going to look like is this okay now this line is known as an isochrone isochrone what we have done is we have just represented the u as a function of depth for a given time so this boundary please remember corresponds to t equal to 0 and this boundary corresponds to t tending to infinity alright so these are isochrones as time progresses what will happen the isochrones will keep on shifting towards the left hand side so in this direction the time is increasing and a stage comes when the pore order pressure becomes 0 at t equal to infinity fine so this is the line which you are meeting this is the initial value so what is the interpretation of these isochrones if I consider a point over here on this graph or on this curve can you tell me what this point is going to correspond to this point is nothing but this equation where is the z this is the z and where is the time this isochrone corresponds to a certain time okay so at this point the pore water pressure is this value there is a symmetry of the isochrones along the axis of the sample provided the boundary conditions are same both sides training now if I draw a tangent over here what is this going to give me and if I draw a tangent over here what I am going to get del u by del z at a given t what is del u by del z velocity vector got it so this is the velocity of the water which is present in the pores at this point and what is the direction it is moving up this is moving down because there is a free draining condition here there is a free draining condition over here at this point what is happening if I draw a tangent this is a velocity vector and this is a velocity vector okay so this is the interpretation of the isochrones there is one thing more which we would like to discuss about the isochrones and how they can be utilized in day to day practice of geotechnical engineering I hope you are realizing one fact that isochrones are nothing but a form of a solution the graphical form of this equation and ultimately as t tends to infinity starting from t equal to 0 isochrones are also going to tell you how the consolidation process is occurring that means if I draw a lateral horizontal line suppose here now this is the value of out of so much of the pore water pressure look at this x axis is ui all right suppose certain this is the value of u now what is remaining is ui-u that means if I want to define the term degree of consolidation okay so degree of consolidation is defined as normally capital U and this is equal to the total amount of pore water pressure which is available to get dissipated to the one which is remaining so I will be defining this as ui-u over ui have you understood this now this can be written as 1-u upon ui imagine that I wanted to find out what is the settlement undergone by a soil mass because of the external loading of known properties like K, MV initial wide ratios gamma D and all these things are known moisture contents saturation is 1 because we have saturated the sample okay all these properties are known what I have to do is I have to get the values of pore water pressure as a function of z and t is there any other way to do this rather than going for all these mathematical analysis experimentally yes there is a way ultimately what I am measuring is pore water pressures which you have measured until now in several cases so what I have to do is I have to just insert several piezometric tubes all along this is okay and whatever amount of pore water pressure comes over here I can use this for drawing these contours is very difficult to conduct this type of experiment because the size of the piezometric tubes is quite big and the size of the sample if you remember is hardly 25 mm in the laboratory but suppose if you want to see what is happening in the field you can insert these type of in potential means sorry potential meters or sort of you know capillary tubes and you can obtain what is the pore water pressure which is developing because of the external loading so you are free to do whatever you want to do the most interesting thing which we have got from these simple analysis is first of all the equation it is nature the solution of this equation is going to give me the pore water pressure and using this pore water pressure I can find out the degree of consolidation now degree of consolidation is going to tell me how much the settlement of the system has occurred that means degree of consolidation can also be defined as suppose if I remember suppose if I extend this analysis to E sigma prime curve starting from E0 I attain EF and corresponding to E0 the sigma is sigma not prime and this is sigma F prime ok. So this is a sort of a situation where I can say EF minus E0 this will be in the denominator and something intermediate which I can define as ET will be coming over here so this is another equation which I can use for defining the degree of consolidation this is ok that means the void ratios at a given time minus initial void ratios upon EF minus E0 I hope you understand EF is going to be lesser than E0 ET is going to be lesser than E0 so negative negative will cancel out and this will become E0 minus ET upon E0 minus EF so there are several ways of doing this now let us complicate this function a bit because in real life these type of boundary conditions are rare so what we have discussed until now is the laboratory setup where if you remember we had taken a consolidometer ring we call it as a oedometer ring we kept the specimen there we put two porous stones there saturate the entire thing apply the external load clear. So this equation is specifically simulating what you did in the laboratory if the sample or the specimen in the water bath can be maintained at elevated temperature if I do the whole exercise by increasing the temperature of the sample now we have a coupled effect you agree no you are not asking this is what people are doing in the western world this is ok THMC of everything that means this whole test has been done under STP standard temperature pressure conditions I can raise the temperature of the sample to certain the value and I can see what is going to happen to the consolidation or the pore pressure are going to change. So those of you who might get a chance to work in thermo active structures would be still analyzing the whole thing only thing is that you would become a function of temperature also and that becomes a coupled phenomena which is complicated so at undergraduate level you are not supposed to learn all these things a bit more of analysis of this fact which we were discussing so at t tending to infinity what is going to happen the value of u tends to 0 and this is going to happen only for z equal to 0 and z equal to 2d because in between we are not sure about what is happening so we have to do it either analytically or experimentally now suppose if I say here we have well defined distribution of the pore water pressures now if I say that the u is a function of z I do not know what type of variation of the pore water pressures is so I can also write this as 1 minus if I say u z and from 0 to 2d it is varying in certain fashion I can average this out and I can integrate it from 0 to 2d into dz the ui remains same if I integrate ui also in the same form what is going to happen this 1 upon 2d will get removed and this function will also get changed to 2d into ui into dz that means if I say that the initial pore water pressure is also a function of z so this type of manipulations can be done the triviality comes suppose if I give you a situation where the clay sample is draining only from one side this is the impervious strata alright and this side is draining in nature how it is going to happen and when it is going to happen suppose there is a clay layer clay seam which is sandwiched in sands so this is sands and this is sands both sides draining condition what we have discussed over here the porous stone simulates both side draining I change the context of the problem the clay layer is underlain by let us say another silty layer no not silty let us say this is another clay layer or a rock and hence this is going to be impervious now if this is a situation this becomes one side draining so where I said intentionally I am using this 2d term this 2d is defined as drainage path so drainage path is going to be half of the 2d value why because there is a line of symmetry and we have already proved that all these points are they going to drain or not this point remains confused whether it should get drained here or whether it should get drained over here so in other words how many of you have baked a cake ever in your home so if you really want to learn consolidation process go and make a cake and I hope you will realize that despite good amount of heating which you have done in the microwave oven what happens to the central portion of the cake it remains uncooked why this is the answer. So look at the water molecule it does not know whether it should go on the on this side or it should come on this side so that means the central layers are always going to remain wet there is no draining taking place so it is very difficult to consolidate the sample fully alright so the drainage path is defined as half of the 2d let us say d so this is 2 times the drainage path and the d becomes the drainage path through which the drainage is taking place in this case the drainage path is going to be equal to h because this is one side draining only now suppose if I ask you to plot the variation of u with respect to time what is going to happen start from the basics at t equal to 0 the entire load comes on the system the pore water pressure develops this is the value of ui which is equal to delta sigma the external load as time passes by what is going to happen the top layer will quickly dissipate the pore water pressure but this being impervious surface this is not going to dissipate anything and hence what you have done is you have created a sort of a profile of pore water pressure like this is this okay so I will say that this is the profile f as a u as a function of z and t this case is known as a partial drainage case or half drainage case and as I said this is possible when the clays are sitting over impervious system or a clay system which is much more impervious than the clay in which you are trying to find out the settlements the one more thing which is still bothering us is CV is unknown you agree this is a bigger culprit so we do not know how to obtain CV because there is some coefficient now you can always say that if I conduct one dimensional consolidation test and if I use this expression which I had written for CV so CV equal to k over mv into gamma w all right if I know the hydraulic conductivity of the soil if I know it is mv value which I can obtain by conducting the one dimensional consolidation test gamma w is known CV can be obtained simple method normally this is not done we never obtain CV like this what we do is we obtain CV we knows mv we know gamma w we compute k so k is equal to CV into mv into gamma w hydraulic conductivity can be obtained by knowing mv value CV value and gamma w so we differed the problem the problem is not solved yet we still do not know CV clear one interesting thing you must have noticed if I ask you what is the dimension of CV so this is del square u by del z square del u by del t u is truly speaking a pore-water pressure parameter so the units of CV will be l square by t and hence this is known as a diffusion coefficient so those of you might get a chance to do higher research in THMC, THMCB and all those series of contemporary geomechanics you can replace this term by different types of coefficients if I replace u by c concentration gradient in the direction of z concentration gradient as with respect to time change of concentration diffusion coefficient d clear if I am interested in doing how heat migrates in the geomaterials del square theta theta is the temperature rate of change of temperature with respect to distance rate of change of temperature with respect to time and this coefficient is going to be thermal diffusivity clear that becomes alpha so this is how you can interpret the equation now let us come back to the consolidation theory and relook at what we need to do further is this part ok if I solve this equation in analytical form the solution of one dimensional equation can be written as the pore-water pressure equal to n equal to 1 to infinity 1 upon d half of the drainage path 0 to 2 d ui sin n pi z upon 2d into dz and this term is multiplied by sin n pi z upon 2d exponential minus n square pi square cv into t upon 4d square so this is the solution which is known as a Fourier series which you obtain when you solve one dimensional consolidation equation if I simplify it further if I assume that ui is constant all throughout this can be written as n equal to 1 to infinity 2 times ui upon n pi 1 minus cos of n pi sin n pi z upon 2d exponential this term if I assume that tv is equal to cv into t upon d square this is what is known as a time factor it is a dimensionless factor now what is the interpretation of this parameter t normally we have used v term here and this defines the drainage which is taking place in the vertical plane because of the vertical loading so one of the characteristics of tv is that this is material dependent that means if I conducted laboratory test and if I take out the sample of the soil from the field and the same sample has been tested in the laboratory I can say that this will be equal to tv in the field there are several possibilities the possibilities are this tv is cv into d upon d square in the lab and this will be equal to cv into t upon d square in the field as I said as long as the material is constant same material cv cancels out so you have a relationship between t and d in the laboratory in the field so basically you are doing a sort of a modeling of models which you normally do only thing you have to keep in account is that this should be the drainage path in the field condition I might be doing a laboratory test by maintaining the you know double drainage condition so this is a double drainage condition both sides the drainage is allowed so in this case as we discussed just now the drainage path is going to be this however there could be a situation in the field where the d will become let us say the total thickness of the deposit as we discussed sometime back this is equal to h the total thickness of the deposit and this happens to be a draining boundary the sand layer so that is the only difference clear so another interpretation could be this is regarding the drainage paths the second interpretation could be about the time physical time because this t is the physical time you remember the time at which a pore of pressure is being determined at a given depth now what this might tell you is to achieve a certain value of TV which is linked with you and you we have defined as the degree of consolidation in other words what we are going to get is I am going to get the time required under the laboratory condition and in the field condition which is going to tell me how much amount of degree of consolidation has occurred in other words I can simulate by doing a simple laboratory one-dimensional consolidation test the real-life situation so this is IQ balance which we use okay now if you solve this equation further you will be getting some more interesting results the first one is if the degree of consolidation is less than 60% we get TV equal to pi by 4 into u square for u greater than 0.6 the TV value is defined as 0.933 log 1-u-0.085 in literature you will get or in the books you will be getting relationships between u 0 to 1 100% I can put it in percentage also or it is up to you and suppose if I put the TV value here which is equal to CVT upon D square x axis this is how the graph looks like the first thing this graph tells you is as physical time increases the TV value increases TV value increases means degree of consolidation increases clear and this is what is getting depicted over here so please be careful as long as the observing the y axis is concerned this is from 0 to 1 0 to 1 and this is the TV value I may have different boundary conditions which you can substitute the interesting thing here is the relationship between u and T this again is a parabolic equation provided u is less than 60% the moment this becomes more than 60% there is a linear nature coming in the picture constant and 1-u of log this is going to be an exponential term or logarithmic curve so this culprit is still unknown is it not so we have to do something to get CV value because what we have done is very conveniently we have used this term over here also to define the non-dimensional time factor which is an integral part of the one-dimensional consolidation equation.


Welcome back to Tennis Talk, my name's Cam Williams and Carlos Alcárez has called it time on his season. After an injury forced him out of the Paris Masters this week, it's also forced him out of tournaments coming up at the AGP Finals and at the Davis Cup. Let's go have a read of his statement over on Twitter only a few hours ago. This is what Alcárez had to say after my withdrawal yesterday and having been evaluated by my medical team. Unfortunately, this is the result of my injury, an internal oblique muscle tear in the left abdomen wall. With an estimated recovery time of six weeks. Unfortunately, I won't make the ATB Finals or the Davis Cup Finals. It is tough and painful for me to miss these two events, which is so important to me, but all I can do is to be positive and focus on my recovery. Thank you for the support. So Alcárez is out of the Davis Cup Finals, but the ATB Finals, he was the number one in the world or he is the number one in the world. He was the top seed of that event. And of course, yesterday, if you didn't see yesterday, he pulled out in the second set tiebreak against Holgaruna in what was going to be a very close match in the end, but he pulled out. He had, I think, a tear just before the tiebreak had started. He had a medical time out before that. And then, of course, pulled out mid-match. And a lot of people gave him a little bit of stick for pulling out, maybe, you know, withdrawing or giving up or quitting. But now we can see it's much more serious than that. And he's out for the rest of the season. And he's not playing there to be finals. And that's such a shame that we don't get to see him play against Djokovic, play against Nadal, potentially in the group stages or in the semifinals. And that means that Taylor Fritz will take his spot, because Fritz was the first alternate. He now gets bumped up. We'll talk about that in the ranking show next week a lot more. But what do you reckon? You reckon Alcárez will be okay for the start of next year? Remember, the season is only going to be paused for, like, maybe eight weeks at the most. The United Cup starts at the end of December. So we don't have much of an offseason, six-week recovery. You think it'll be good for Australia and good for the Australian Open. But Carlos Alcárez out for the rest of the year. No ATP finals for Alcárez.


First Unitarian Society of Madison. This is a community where curious seekers gather to explore spiritual, ethical, and social issues in an accepting and nurturing environment. Unitarian Universalism supports the freedom of conscience of each of us as individuals as together we seek to be a force for good in the world. My name is Lori Cresswell, and on behalf of the congregation, I would like to extend a special welcome to visitors, both those of you here in the room and those joining us on the radio or via livestream.  This would be a great time to silence your cell phones as we join together in a few moments of silence for contemplation, meditation, or prayer as we become fully present with ourselves and with one another. We'll be together in quiet for about 30 seconds, and I will keep time for us. May we join together in a time of quiet. May we together take one deep breath as we end the time of silence, breathing to the center of our being. From that place of center and grounding, we move into our opening words. We come into one another's presence, seeking some part of ourselves, knowing that we do not live alone, knowing that we cannot live fully if we are for ourselves alone. We come as ordinary people, each with strengths and each with weaknesses, aware of our shortcomings. Our lives set before us many tasks. We are not always equal to them. Too often, we fall short of our best expectations of ourselves. We do not know enough. We are not always patient. We fall into anger. We cannot find strength. We do not wait for wisdom. We lack vision. It hurts. It hurts to acknowledge our shortcomings. And yet, here we are, not always perfect, not always wise, but always human, gloriously and miraculously alive and breathing, wondrously and mysteriously human. Continuing with Calvin Dame's words, I invite us to rise in the ways that we do as we spark our chalice together. The words are printed in your order of service. As together we say, may our time together renew our hope. May the stories we share refresh our courage. May the songs we sing lift our spirits. May the words we speak invigorate us. May the touch of hands, the sound of laughter, the sight of faces new and familiar restore us in pain. I invite you now to exchange greetings with one another. Good morning. Good morning. Good morning. Let's remain standing. We will join in 1003. I invite us to sing it all the way through without repeats. And then we will do it twice also without the internal repeats as an entire song as around in two parts. So once together and then two times through is two parts. Part one, Heather will help lead here on this side of the congregation. Part two, I'll help you sing through it. Sing it through twice as around. Let's begin together. Today we continue our service with a precious moment in any congregation's life, the right of dedication. This is a time when we who are gathered here have the privilege to welcome one young child into our family and religious community. Today it is our cherished assignment to welcome and pledge our care to Cecilia Clara Lou Moore. Today all of us gathered here are more than casual witnesses to life's gifts and nature's marvelous creations. We are all being invited to share the joy which these parents take in their child and to enter more fully into their lives. We continue with this time honored ritual because children are our present delight. By them we are reminded of life's small joys and wisdoms and also reminded of our responsibility to all children. Here in this community we strive to be a place where all children will find ears to listen, arms to embrace a world of experience to encourage their inquiring minds. We are blessed by their presence among us and pray that our lives will be a blessing to them. And now I invite our family to come forward. And I'm going to invite the congregation to rise as you are able and willing and join in the pledge of dedication that is printed in your order of service. As together we say, for the gift of childhood whose innocence, laughter, and curiosity bring hope, joy, and new understanding into our lives, we lift thankful hearts. We welcome Cecilia Clare Lou into this spiritual community and extend to her parents our love and support in the joys and challenges of caregiving. As this child grows we will share with her our insights, our values, and our dreams that she may enjoy the rich benefits of our religious heritage. Thank you. The adults can be seated and I ask the children to stay standing because I have a special question for you. Today we welcome Cecilia Clare Lou into our first Unitarian family. I ask you to join in welcoming her. Will you try to be true friends to Clare Lou? Will you speak to her with kindness, treat her fairly, and help her to feel at home here? If so, please say we will. Thank you. You may be seated now. And now to those who bring their child before us, Rudy and Kristi Moore. As caregivers it is your privilege and obligation to provide an environment both of security and challenge in which this young soul which you bring before us today will grow.  Will you respect as well as protect this child, bestowing your love as a free and unmerited gift? Also, do you reaffirm your commitment to each other as partners in life and in parenting? If so, please say we do. And to Ella I ask you as her big sister and the other big sibling around here too. Do you take upon yourselves the privilege and responsibility to nurture, defend, and support the inherent worth and dignity of this child to whom you bear a special relationship? Will you encourage her to grow in freedom of spirit and to always seek the truth? Finally, will you help her to grow in love for the larger human family and to love and respect the larger community of life to which we all belong? If so, please make this sacred promise by responding I will. In the act of dedication we use the symbolism of water as a sign of our common heritage. There's no suggestion here of a washing away of inherited sin. Children come into this world with the limitations natural to our species, but they arrive innocent. Water here stands for vitality. It is the essence of life, the foundation of being. Its use here reminds us of our common bond with all embracing, ever-sustaining nature. This is also the waters of our community, the waters of the world, gathered at our annual water communion service. This water was brought to us in joy for the sake of memory and community. Its use here reminds us of the ever-sustaining and embracing love of community. Rudy and Christie name this child. Cecilia Clara Lou Moore. We dedicate you in the name of truth, the promise of love, and the fellowship of this society. May you be granted clarity of thought, integrity of speech, and a compassionate heart. As a token of her dedication, we give to Clara Lou a rosebud, fragrant symbol of beauty, promise, and love. This rose has no thorns symbolizing the better world we would give our children if it were in our power. While we know that the world is not altogether as lovely as this rosebud, we hope that Clara Lou will learn to recognize the beauty and the goodness which does exist and that she will grow in wisdom and compassion, adding her own beauty to the world. Clara Lou, as this flower unfolds in all its natural beauty, so may your life unfold. Also as a remembrance of her dedication, we give Cecilia Clara Lou this blanket, a gift from members of our shawl ministry program. When you see this blanket, may you be reminded of the warmth, the support, and the love of this community for your child and your family. Today we have dedicated this child. May we also dedicate ourselves this day as we contemplate the miracle of new life, as we renew in our hearts a sense of wonder and joy. May we be stirred to a fresh awareness of the sacredness of life and the divine promise of childhood. May we pledge to build a community in which all of our children will grow surrounded by beauty, embraced by love, and cradled in the arms of peace. May we pass on the light of compassion and courage. May that light burn brightly within us all. If you will join me now in welcoming Cecilia Clara Lou. And as our family returns to their seats, we will hear one more piece of music from our choir. We invite the children to go to their children's religious education classes now. This morning's preliminary thoughts come as a reading from Unitarian Universalist Minister, the Reverend Teresa Soto. She has a piece entitled The Butterfly Effect. I wish the knowledge were easier to come by, that individualism is just a scam, that you are always the butterfly wings. You are always the storm. Edward Lorenz, a weather scientist from MIT, is often misquoted on this. The premise that the flap of a butterfly wing can cause a hurricane in a different part of the world. This shorthand isn't all that close to representation of the mathematician turned whether scientists work. He proposed that, should we make even a tiny alteration to nature, we will never know what would have happened if we had not disturbed it, since the subsequent changes are too complex and entangled to restore nature to its previous state. Which is to say, that you have an immeasurable effect on the system. It will change, and you will shape its DNA. You must not believe the lying lie that you do not matter. That whatever change you can organize is so insufficient as to not be worth your time, your energy, your life force. You must be willing to dream a dream that carries forward your community. This is how we rise. This day is polluted with a mistrust of trust, fertile and warm medium for unchecked cruelty and power. You must choose to scream the truth until every leaf and stone bears unrepentant witness to what happens when you try to cage and smash, to pin and frame a butterfly. And there are thousands and thousands of fabulous, flamboyant friends. May we rise in all the ways that we do. We will sing together 1,051. We are. We'll do the repeats at the beginning and the end, but the rest of it we'll sing through. When in doubt, Heather and me, we will help lead the way. Here we go. Brothers and killers of faith. Before arriving here in Madison in 2001, I served for two years as the intern minister of religious education at the First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia. During those years, Dan and I lived with his parents an hour outside of the city, and each day I traveled back and forth on the R5 Doylestown Septoline. I relished those rides, catching up on reading, occasionally taking a nap. After a few months, one of the conductors approached me and asked what I was doing in the city and why, especially, was I heading in every Sunday morning? I explained that I was working at a church. Now, this is the moment I have since learned, but didn't know at the time that many ministers say, I'm an accountant. I work at a bank or I'm in retail. Anything other than I'm a minister. The conversation that started that day on the train was one that could have been expected. The conductor's follow-up question was, of course, what church? When I answered, he said, I haven't heard of that one before. I'm AME Zion, you know, African Methodist Episcopal. We believe in Jesus. How about you? What are you all about? Oh, if it was only that easy, I thought to myself, in that moment I clearly did not do a good job of explaining Unitarian Universalism. I may have said something about the complexities of being a non-cretal faith or about a community bound indeed and not creed. Whatever I said, he laughed out loud and walked away muttering something about a church that allows you to worship a chicken.  Over the next two years, that conductor would bellow the revs on board, everybody, every single time I walked on to his train. My glorious reading time or quick chance for a nap often dissipated among requests to talk. Why oh why had an ISET accountant? I remember discussing this with my internship supervisors, asking them how they would have answered his question. They quickly jumped in saying, we are a non-cretal, post-denominational, non-traditional congregation with roots in Transylvania, New England, where we leave thought free and we try to keep our hearts open and we gather with others of differing theological perspectives. And I quickly realized that try as they might, such a response would not have led my conversation partner to a different conclusion. Those two years taught me many things. Most importantly to this reflection, I came to realize the difficulty for many you use in answering that question, who are we? We can easily tell you what we are not or what we don't believe. We often struggle to convey who we are. I was still wrestling with this question a bit when I arrived here and I thought others might be as well. So one of the first adult education courses I led was called Articulating Your Theology. The course had a fantastic exercise in which each individual created an NPR sponsorship ad for the congregation. Today's program is brought to you by the First Unitarian Society of Madison, a community where how would you finish that sentence? You have one minute before morning radio shows to explain the whole of who we are. What would you say? What is this community to you? As we turn our attention this month to the theme of mission and vision, we begin with the question who are we? I would offer you a twist and ask who do we choose to be? Reframing the question in this way has a certain energy and life force. It is active. It recognizes that we are in process, that we hold within us great promise and possibility. It acknowledges all that we have been, the deep history we share and it calls us to think about who we want to be as we move forward. The author and teacher Margaret Wheatley asks the same question. She writes, if you were to ask me what time it is on the clock of the world, I would have to answer that it is accurate to label this time as uncertain, chaotic, spinning wildly out of control. In times such as these when communities and nations are disrupted by violence, as people retreat in self-protection and lash out in anger, as leaders stridently promise security and outcomes that we know cannot be true. We enter the age of retreat from one another, from the values that hold us together, from ideas and practices that encourage inclusion. We retreat from faith in leaders, from the belief in basic human goodness. We have huge large-scale problems before us, she writes. As a lifelong activist focused on changing leadership in large systems, as one still inside those large systems, I must tell you that large-scale solutions are not possible. Those in power ignore our efforts as they grasp for control, overreact to crises, rather than thinking systemically, they treat people as units rather than humans. Yet I have also met and worked with extraordinary leaders who were creating islands of sanity, where good work still gets done, where people enjoy healthy relationships in the midst of chaos and fierce opposition and heartbreaking defeats, lack of support, isolation and loneliness. I have been with them in circumstances that would cause most other leaders to give up and walk away, yet still they keep going. Several years ago in the face of irreversible global problems, I began to challenge every community I worked with with these questions. Who are you and who do you choose to be for this time? Are you willing to use whatever power and influence you have to create islands of sanity that evoke and rely on our best human qualities to create, produce and persevere? Now I am asking you. Over the past year, I have sat with many of you who have felt this uncertainty and dread over the future of our community. Things are changing and shifting around us and some have chosen to retreat from this place for a time. What this question is asking of us is what is at our core? What is unchanging about our community? When leadership changes, when new faces arrive and beloved ones leave? When it feels as if it is all too much? What is unchanging? What is solid? What is our everlasting melody that lives among us at the core of our community? The Reverend Jake Morrill shares this illustrative tale from his own childhood. He writes, I do believe that every elementary school across the entire south of our country has at least one self-appointed playground atheist and it bearded elementary school as the Reagan years came into full bloom. The playground atheist just happened to be me. From time to time, the Tennessee state legislature would cook up a wild idea and so it happened when I was in the fourth grade that a reporter from the local NBC affiliate came to visit with a cameraman in tow. The legislators in Nashville were considering whether to mandate prayer in school and this reporter was on a mission to find out what fourth graders thought.  Well, what did we think? To absolutely no one's surprise, it was Matthew who spoke first. Everyone in the zip code knew Matthew loved Jesus. Just adored him, brought him up all the time. So with eyes shining, Matthew accepted the chance to lay out his convictions. All around the room, heads were nodding. The reporter said, thank you, asked if there were others, a girl in the back chimed in reinforcing Matthew's point that if ever, this was a world that needed more prayer. Reporters are trained to fish for intrigue and look for friction. So as the hands waved in the air, she wondered if anyone had a different opinion. The hands dropped, there was silence. I recall the face of my good friend Jeff in those slow motion seconds staring at me intently from across the room, shaking his head and mouthing the word, don't. But there it was. I'd raised my hand, the microphone dangled close, the camera drew near the room, emptied of all air. Later, I recalled having made mention of things I happened to know about the Constitution. I still believe it's possible I uttered the phrase separation of church and state. But none of these high-minded ideals appeared on the local news that evening or again the next morning. No, no. Instead, what the good people of East Tennessee saw was a chubby boy with thick glasses announcing to the whole world that God doesn't exist. And as soon as the reporter departed, the whisper of scandal threaded its way through the fourth grade and then the school. And by the next morning, certain classmates were able to tell me in great detail just what their parents thought about a boy who would say something like that on TV. My parents, I gather, received some feedback. What I had was not fame. It was outright infamy. Before, my atheism had been an occasional source of wonder, the kind of pride you take when a neighbor happens to own an exotic bird that you could have proximity to something so odd. But this time it seemed the playground atheist had gone too far. It was unacceptable. And the week wore on and I lived in a slow agony of exile. But then Thursday afternoon, two handwritten letters arrived, both from the Unitarian Universalist Church. One was from my Sunday school teacher, the other from the Minister of Religious Education without even opening the envelopes I knew what to expect. And sure it was, they're enough. They were proud. Not of my atheism per se, but of the character they said they saw in what I'd done. Like the ancient prophets, our Sunday school class was studying, I had stood my ground and had said what I thought. The next day the purgatory of exclusion continued, but somehow I didn't mind as much. A cold shoulder was nothing compared to what Jonah or Amos had endured. And by Monday it was all back to normal. In all the years since, he says, my theology has evolved. I have taken communion. I have stood in awe before mountains. I have prayed till the tears came, sat in meditation for hours in a dark Buddhist Zendo. But truth be told, it was as an atheist that I first came to see in a way that was real and has never failed me since. How I am part of a love wider than my own life. How that spacious embrace makes itself known to me most often through a community like that first one who told me, you are not alone. This message, you are not alone, lives at the core of this community. From birth until death, you belong. You belong here. You belong here among us. On this day when we dedicate a new life, when we celebrate that child among us, and soon when we remember those who have died in this past year, we're reaffirming this core. No matter where you are on this journey, you have a home here. You are not alone. For 18 years, I have lived among you, and I know this is who you are. I have seen you hold one another up in times of despair. I have watched you hold one another as you cry. I have seen you celebrate new births, new jobs, marriages, retirements. I've heard the words time and again. I don't know what I would do without you, all of you. I had something hard to do, and I brought you into that space with me. I knew you were there. The core of this community is that even among disagreements, even when the path ahead seems hard or murky or uncertain, at our core, we know we are in this together. We will not retreat into isolation. We will stay together, and with all of our fear and all of our hope, with all of our gifts and all of our questions, we will build this beloved community together. My friends, our world is a very hurting place. We can be agents of healing and bringers of joy. In times of despair, let us be this for ourselves, one another, everyone who walks through our doors. This is no time to stumble over our words or be silent about the good news we have to share. And so with the great gifts of hindsight and time, I would like to travel back to that train heading into Philadelphia with that wonderful conductor questioning who we are as Unitarian Universalists. This is what I would tell him today. We are a vibrant faith that calls us to love one another, to act for a just world for all, to work toward a hopeful future while freely welcoming uncertainty. Perhaps that's still too wordly for a quickly moving train.  That's my answer. Now I'm asking you, who do we choose to be? I'll leave you today with these words from the UU Minister, Thomas Rhodes.  It only takes a minute to write a note, tell a joke, change a diaper, sing a song, or be still. Within an hour, you can share a meal, run an errand, make a cake, balance your checkbook sometimes. If you had a day, you could paint a room, feed a crowd, visit relatives, read a book, rest.  May we go forth today knowing this to be true and may we work within our own lives, within our shared life together to make it so. As we move into our offering, this time is a way of honoring and living into the truth that the way that we best embody who we are, who we choose to be, is in the way that we offer the gift of our truest selves and all the resources that we have, our affection, our time, and certainly our financial resources. May we also know then that 50% of this morning's offering will be shared with the Wisconsin network for peace, justice, and sustainability. I hope you'll take a moment to read more about their important work in the red floors. May such an offering now occur that is steeped in that fierce love and deep generosity. So may it be. We appreciate the financial gifts that have been given and received today, as well as the gifts of time given by those many people who've helped make today's service possible. Greeting us this morning were Claire Box and Katie Beam and her family. Our ushers are Liza Monroe, Dick Goldberg, Brian Chanis, and Brian Lininger. On sound, I believe we have Dan Carrant. Steve? All right. Thanks, guys. Our lay minister today is Anne Smiley. The beautiful flowers were donated by Barbara Nells Low. John Powell is here to offer a tour to anyone who would like one after the service. You can meet over by the end of the ramp there. At our welcome table ready to answer any questions you might have is Pamela McMullen. And very importantly, Sandy Push and Eleni Museradvarga are making coffee for us to enjoy after the service. I wanted to draw your attention to an announcement in your red floors about the meeting at 12.45 today in the landmark auditorium. This is a town hall meeting where we'll start looking at some of the mission and vision questions. And this today, we'll be talking about who are we. So hope you can come back and join us for that. As is our custom on this weekend closest to all souls, we remember all those who have died in the past year. So if you will join me now in a spirit of prayer and meditation, holy one on this day of remembrance, we say aloud their names again. The names of the members of this beloved congregation who left us in the past year. As we hear their names, may we open our hearts to their memories and be filled with gratitude for the gifts of their lives. Lee Weiss, Charles William Shuler, Terry Millar, Gaye Eliason, Marie McCabe, Nell Campbell, Lenore Lusson, Roger Chapman. I invite you now in this time of remembrance and connection and love to name all those whom you have lost. Anyone you would like to bring into this time together. So as I scan the room, please share aloud the names of your dear departed loved ones. We'll begin over here. We have heard the words of the people, the people who have placed the names of their loved ones before this community and before the Holy. The words spoken are words of love and trust. Love for those whose names have been spoken and love for those who hear. Trust in the acceptance of this community and trust in the continuity of life. When there is birth, life goes on. And when there is death, life goes on. May we be emboldened by the memory of all these beloved souls to continue building the community in the world of their dreams. May their memory, their commitment, and their courage lead us ever on. This is our prayer. Amen and blessed be. In that spirit of honoring and deeply regarding that fire of commitment, I invite us to rise in the ways that we do and join our voices in singing number 1028. Because of those who came before us, we are. In spite of their failings, we believe. Because of and in spite of the horizons of their vision, we to dream. Let us go remembering to praise, to live in the moment, to love mightily, to bow to the mystery. We extinguish this flame but not the light of truth, the warmth of community or that fire of commitment. These we carry in our hearts until we are together again. Blessed be, go in peace, and please be seated for the postlude.


Is there some meaning behind it for you? Yeah, of course, it's so funny because whenever other advocates are asked this question, they have this really amazing and beautiful story to tell, but mine is just slightly different. So I've always believed in divine intervention and ideas just being sent to you and destiny and being sent on the right path. And I always get the best ideas that yield fruit just before I'm about to go to sleep. The one day that wasn't particularly exciting or special, ensuring lockdown, July 2020, I was about to go to sleep when suddenly this voice came into my head and said, oh, you've got to create an Instagram account about autism and you've got to call it adulting with autism. So it all just came to me in the end there and I knew instantly the next day I needed to kind of set the wheels in motion with that. So I quickly wrote that down before I forgot it, which does happen. And the next day I was looking through my notes.


Almost everyone on earth has heard of the television show South Park, but do we know the town's history? My theory is that since the characters appearances never change as they age, that they are all ghosts. South Park, Colorado, was colonized in the early 1870s. The houses were all made out of wood, like log cabins. Soon, in 1879, Dog Pooh was born. Dog Pooh's favorite activity was rolling around in the dirt with his family's pigs. He died in 1892. While lying in the mud, one of the pigs sat on him and suffocated him. He still continues to roll around in the dirt in his afterlife. Kenny and his family moved to South Park in 1914, when World War I was about to hit full swing. Kenny almost always wore was a parka, which ended up being the result of his death. In 1917, Kenny was crossing the street and got struck by Model T, full body impact. His parka was too tight, so he drowned in the blood he was coughing up. In his afterlife, he continued to get killed, but since ghosts cannot technically die, he is always revived. In 1925, Clyde was born. A year later, Tweak was born. The two boys were very close friends, if not, brothers. Their friendship was put to the ultimate test in 1933, when the boys were playing in the woods, and Clyde got given by Fox with rabies. Tweak tried to carry him to the hospital, the sound of Clyde's agonizing screams in the air. His leg got stuck in a root and he collapsed on the way. Clyde died a painful death by his buddy's side. Afterwards, Tweak became more nervous as he saw the ghosts of the deceased kids in town beckoning him. All of this was too much, until one day in 1946, he hung himself by the ceiling fan. Craig was a very quiet boy born in 1944. He liked to wander around town searching for ghosts, since he was quite fond of urban legends of the hauntings. He soon found them, and Tweak's ghost lured him into a deep lake, where he ultimately drowned in 1940. In the afterlife, he became enraged by his short existence on the Earth plane, and soon became hostile to others. Cartman and his mom moved to the town in 1941. Cartman had by far the worst death of all the kids in South Park. While he was sleeping, a cannibal broke out of the insane asylum in the next town. He stabbed Cartman to death and ate his flesh, bones, and internal organs. In the afterlife, Cartman turned to insulting everyone in order to take his anger out. Wendy and Babe A. moved to the town in 1947, after Cartman died. A few weeks later, a terrible snowstorm came, and the two were whisked away. Their current whereabouts are unknown, but their ghosts have been seen lurking. In 1953, Stan and his sister Shelly moved to South Park. Shelly was haunted by all of the town's tragedy tied to it, and like Tweak, became progressively nervous. It was only a short while before her and her brother's demise that she reached the brink of insanity. Stan became increasingly worried about her. His efforts to help failed, and in 1959, they both died in a car accident, when their mom was driving them to school. In the afterlife, Shelly's insane behavior made her an angry spirit, and she now torments Stan to the extent. In 1968, Butters' family moved into Stan's old house. Butters, being an obedient child, always followed the orders of his often controlling parents. This would eventually lead to cause of his death. In 1974, Butters heard his dad's voice telling him to get the drill from the garage. He did but tripped on his laces and, turning the tool on, drilled through his eye socket. Butters died of blood loss on the way to Hell's Pass Hospital. Despite being in the afterlife, his spirit still obeys his nonexistent parents' orders. The day Butters died, Kyle and Ike moved to the town. Kyle soon caught a rare yet deadly form of the plague after helping a rat escape. He died in 1976. In 1977, Ike died after his dad accidentally dropped him down the stairs. Ike's skull split in half, killing him instantly. In the summer of 1977, Jimmy moved to South Park. Despite his mental disabilities, he was probably one of the most cheerful people who lived in the town. Nevertheless, in 1979, Jimmy was diagnosed with muscular dystrophy. This made him lose his ability to walk and from that point on use crutches. Later in 1985, he died after the terminal illness ate his respiratory muscles. Due to all of the tragedy tied to the town, it was quarantined by the U.S. military to prevent the future deaths of innocent adults and children. But who knows? With some occasional new people in the town, maybe more deaths are occurring.