I'm going to talk today about something which I think is at the heart of what we do as scholars and increasingly in the modern world, and that's to say something about the historic and the present connections between art and science. I start with one of the images which of course you will all remember was part of our 300th anniversary exhibition. It's the making of the remaking of the face of Richard Brandon, the executioner of Charles I, the skull of whom resides in University College Hospital, using new scanning devices. Using these laser scans to manufacture the face in ways that we would have had to do with careful building up of physical raw materials in the past. But I start with that because there's something it seemed to me also visual and very evocative of what is now going on about this particular image in the way that we see the face coming together, that many of the technological ways we're now exploring the physical past is almost filming that we are now creating and using machinery which actually before our very eyes takes you stage by stage through reconstruction. That these things are not isolated in result anymore but actually very much joined together. In this society we represent many disciplines and in the past it's often been one of the shibboleths of the way we talk about things to say that there was a time when art and science were really not dividing in the way they seem to be today thanks to an education system which traditionally has done this and from the various interests have. If you look at recent edition of our journal, how you cut through it, whether you do it by chronology, by explication of the way in which people write about their material, whether it's a long or short article, whether we look across Britain or across the wider world, of course the thing that joins us all together as art historians, architectural historians, archaeologists, people working on artefacts of the past is that they will have something to say about the material that they're working on and I mean the physical material whether it's wood, glass, a wall on which something has been painted, whether it's the outside of a building, whether it's a canvas, a painting on wood, whether it's metal, iron or stone. It is that material substance which attracts us, which we feel we need to write about and qualify and very often the results of technological analysis are now incorporated into the way we write about these things whether it's in a subsection or actually physically in the body of an argument. We spend a lot of time at what I think of as the kind of refined or rarefied end of our material. It's history. We explore things like the iconography and the meaning of things and the meaning therefore for the society for which it was made. We look very, very carefully as antiquaries at its documentation, at the time of its making and usually as a way of establishing the origins and its use, the documentary history in the books, letters and manuscripts of the period and of course as antiquaries we're fascinated and quite rightly by issues of provenance where this object has been whose hands has it passed through and what documentation we have about that. One of the issues though is very much now I think the front end of exploration often when we come across these objects is what we might call the science end of things, how we can examine these materials and their physical structure with the modern technological advances that we have. These things can establish date, they can establish things about the circumstances of their making and often to something now about original context. How was the object constructed? Was it fixed or something originally? Was it contained within something whose hands indeed did it pass through? Are there any residues of things on the object that tell us something about the past that we didn't know before? And of course beginning with a skull here tells us a great deal about skull technology or the interest in the skull. Human bones were until maybe about three-quarters of a century ago something which yielded not very much because we were less interested in their physical makeup than we were in the discovery of the goods and artefacts that were around them in graves or in tomb structures. But now of course as this kind of thing demonstrates we are now fascinated by the reconstruction of the human form and all kinds of other things about diars and things of the past that we can tell from the remains of people themselves. I start with a very celebrated picture, our Holbein in the National Gallery of Jean de Dandfeel and Georges de Sel because of course when I mentioned that point at the beginning about art and science here's the archetypal object from the period of the Renaissance which tells us something of the range of skills and interests of this time would have had. On the top shelf you will see there instruments for telling the time for judging the distances between ourselves and celestial forms for reading things like climate and individual weather conditions. A series of objects used by people at the time which very much reflected their interests in scientific examination. On the lower tier of the Great Holbein there are things which are also scientific in the sense that they have something to say about the world a globe centered of course at the centre of it as a policy in France for which this picture was originally made and the musical and the lute reminding us of the arts of music. So the picture is divided up or and lower into the traditional division of quadrivium and trivium that the humanities and sciences at the time were equally divided. So looking at objects like this and seeing that interest from one side of what has become a divide in modern times is very interesting and as we look back through the past this is my art historical contribution here we can see that looking at those times when people specifically looked through let's call it and using the most of this metaphor the lens of science was very much about exploring the world with a scientific curiosity. Touch anything from 17th century Holland and this is obviously the case. Looking at the world with the new inventions of telescope, of lenses, of looking at things that and making us think about the world we live in in very very interesting and specific ways. The Vagstarten peep show box one of only three surviving in the world from this time and in the National Gallery moves the viewer to very specific points where you have to look through a peep hole reminding us that actually we make decisions about how we see the world by the way in which we're standing and what the eye chooses to focus on and abstract on the amount of things in front of it and of course the tiny Fabricius painting in the lower half of this slide also in the National Gallery patently by this strange sweeping street on the right hand side in his view of Delft a piece of art that was obviously meant to be seen in some kind of viewing box which corrected the perspective but makes us think too about the ways in which we put together the elements of the visual world. That interest in optics and particularly centred on the school of Delft is something that very much reflects that particular period and the interests of artists and their merchant clients at the time. Indeed, when we look at the paintings of Piddam they are inconceivable without the use of very specific geometric instruments with which he could measure churches and regulate the sight and the view that he's presenting to us. This is by no means the most spectacular of San Redam's church interiors but that sense that if you stepped into churches which he paints you could not possibly, with the naked eye, see all of this at once. This is an extended version by the use of instrumentation and of course what's so amazing and wonderful about things like this is that we can see a very direct correlation between the society which produced it and the physical object because there's something about the whitewash church the whitewash Protestant church which suggests something that could almost be mapped out on the surface as if it's done on a piece of graph paper because there's very, very little impediment to the geometry of the architect now in front of us. Leonardo Da Vinci worked for a court environment for much of his life after his early years working in Florence at the courts of Milan partly at the Papal Court, a brief visit to Venice and his studies of anatomy are very much determined by some of the great court commissions which he followed but also his own curiosity to understand and get inside, as it were, the human form to help his artistic compositions and that too with, and here's an example of that directly related to the emergence of his ideas for later on the swan was his thoughts on the allanatomy what makes it work, what goes on inside the female body in order to understand how he's going to paint via a series of drawings a reputation of something which is about sexual congress which is about generation using the observable world, using his skills of observation to generate ideas for his narrative content one of Leonardo's chief ideas about natural world of course was out of the disaw around him was a natural order of things so people have often compared his studies of exploding rocks or of winds and waves with the curls and features of the human head as that across the natural world there are things which have a logic and which parallel each other and which give him an understanding of the ways in which the world originated and that of course passed across to the way in which he handled landscape in some of his key pictures in the 18th century George Stubbs of course studied anatomy at York in the 1760s produced his anatomy of the horse and it's very interesting that what we see here is this skeletal form with its musculature and bone enabling him to understand how the horse moves and how it is active and what he said about this exercise in making this book of prints was this what you have here is all I meant to do it being as much as I thought necessary for the study of painting I looked very little into the internal parts of a horse my search here being only a matter of curiosity so a search for the external appearance through understanding what's going on just under the skin in order for him to paint those vivid scenes of horses in action and most especially pictures like this the great whistle jacket in the National Gallery which also is very much part of its age because what he does here is to isolate the activity of the horse against this neutral ground and I think we can very much see this as many commentators have suggested as part of that 10th century aspect of display this was a great picture painted amongst several bystubs for the markers of Rockingham which will be seen alongside or adjacent to galleries of sculpture that isolation of modern or classical sculpture against the neutral wall so that the form and the figure is studied is what he's doing here for the horse so absolutely about its time, about its purpose and using the cry of scientific examination to produce works of art and I wanted to end this section with Dice's Pegwell Bay in the Tate because it seems to me that it's an extraordinary picture in terms of its timing because he was painting this in 1815 and I don't need to remind this audience of that crucial date in the history of the evolution of science and the way in which Dice here represents and tries to encapsulate the difference between human time and geological time his wife and her sisters are searching amongst the rocks in the foreground whilst in the background are the chalk cliffs which date from whenever 1859 was perhaps to change a perception of when all this could first have come into being and in the sky representing as it were celestial time the representation you can just see it thanks to sharper photographs that we had 30 years ago and one of the early articles I read on this said that photographs almost didn't represent it but up there at the top Donati's Comet appearing and not then about to reappear I think for something like we're expecting it back in well from 1859 some 1200 years the critical reaction to this picture very much I think showed the way in which people saw it as a strange evocation of time and not a sunny landscape not a sunny beach scene of the kind that many Victorians were painted or that the great naturalist landscapes of the early 19th century have presented to us someone said it is as if a man had come to the ugly end of the world and felt it had to be told this quiet grey solitude of the moment making us think as I said about and celestial time picture and as I said also something painted in 1859 exhibited at the academy in 1860 very much to do with the kinds of things that are about to be revolutionised and changed with the publication of the origin of species how is the society involved explorations in the broadest aspect of the word science and its new technologies well one thing we do of course as has already been mentioned today is through our grants and grants in particular for research I'm here going as it were to the high end of the market detail from the Constantine and Justinian mosaic in Iosafia to make a point about these gold glass tessari that you see surrounding the figure there indeed on the clothes as well one of the things that the society has supported recently was the investigation by XRF X-ray fluorescence of some finds of gold glass tessari associated with the villa of Southwick in Sussex now we don't know for sure because the documentation isn't secure how these particular tessari arrived at the two museums from which they've come they're very small museums without much documentation of the past and Southwick is one of those places which traditionally is often said to be somewhere if there were ever gold tessari made in the late antique period this was one of the places they might have come from so the project here that we have supported is to examine the lead content of these fragments supposedly from a mosaic in Southwick to determine whether in fact they are Roman and the results of this will be published in the next edition of the journal so I'll leave you to wait expectantly for that so supporting research through our research grants is a way in which we try to make sure that research goes on that particular things which need technological support that usually can be costed very, very precisely as opposed to those projects where people are searching in archives many years in the future can often provide results very quickly that's one way in which society is and can be involved with such projects but there is of course a way in which we have traditionally been always interested in these things and I've put up again our illustration from our 2007 exhibition and also exhibited in America at Boston and Yale in 2011 to 12 the Hoxney Flint discovered in 1797 and the drawing made of it by Thomas Underwood which was very much a way it seemed to me when one looks at this of thinking of this object and drawing it very precisely in order to as it were turn it in the eye as if one were turning it in the hand and to make sure that we notice the particular faceting and particular aspects of this object famously the Hoxney Flint and the Discoverers around it at this time marked something of a new level of archaeological exploration because the various levels of deposit were very carefully identified and seemed to underpin work going on at that time to prove that these things were not meteorites or things that have fallen to earth but actually were created by human agency because of the human remains which were found at various levels of the archaeological exploration so work here and our careful conservation of this object in the years since and are exhibiting it is very much part of the society's history of this kind of exploration and the very careful way in which we record that past also from the exhibition of course which were then very recent we have to remind ourselves that things have moved on at that time of the exhibition in 2007 these laser scans were just few years old were already reaching a decade and things have moved on but our role in really since our foundation in the exploration of Stonehenge through archaeology there that we've sponsored through the work of our fellows up to that of very recent times of Geoff Wainwright and others who have taken the ideas about Stonehenge forward now of course we have new ways of looking at the site on the top left the laser scan of the taken from the air which of course is to show us things that were hitherto unseen and on the bottom right the laser scan of Stone 53 showing there in a way that you can't see with the naked eye the arrowheads and the graffiti or carvings the lettering on these which are barely discernible ways in which through scientific investigation we can record the past but also find new evidence from things we thought we knew rather well another way that we're striking ahead of course and again we've heard a little of this today is through the conservation of our picture collection and the ways in which the examination of our pictures has yielded new things that are adding to the fabric and the pattern that we're beginning to see across other projects taking place or things that have taken place in recent years in other institutions particularly to do with the art of the 15th and 16th centuries I'm thinking of the project Tate conducted by our fellow Richard Jones and current work at the National Trade Gallery looking hard at pictures using the techniques we have now to examine them obviously yield extraordinary results simply in the realms of doing macro photography here's a detail from the 1614 sometimes attributed to Marcus Girat's portrait of Lady Scudamore is a macro image of the flowers around the wreath which accompanies the portrait where simply by looking at that we get insights into the way in which the artist tackled this tackled and used his materials very very explicitly in the ways that it's very difficult otherwise to see and another portrait gallery picture a portrait of Nicholas Heath with the showing here of X-rays showing up the ways in which you can see underdrawing and the ways in which artists would have prepared their pictures for the final painting sometimes very rarely in England but in other countries we have working drawings which lead up to this point so we can see the difference between compositional ideas and the final working up of the painting in various ways in which what's happening beneath these things becomes increasingly apparent to us and that's the thing that going back to what I said at the beginning increasingly exciting because I was hearing just last week of instrumentation now that doesn't just record particular things and infrareds and X-rays will show you particularly different things about the underdrawing and the other layers of paint within a picture instrumentation now which will filmically show you the layers on after the other build up the picture before your very eyes as it penetrates the surface and records and takes you on a journey as it were right down to the way in the very beginnings of the making of the picture our pictures are contributing to this in sight here of our picture of Henry VII of the early 16th century where of course here we found that the infrared that was done on this picture as part of its conservation suggests that this picture was partly made by pouncing the surface that's to say by laying a cartoon on the wooden panel pricking the surface around the drawing and then making using the black charcoal dust to record image through those pinpricks a way of using the cartoon actually and also suggesting of course that cartoons may have been used for more than one version of these pictures and that's increasingly what we're finding with these portrait images that there may be one special one made to go on one particular foreign embassy or one particular journey that be made but then other copies were made for the internal as well as the external market and of course also within sight here the portraits of Edward IV and Richard III which came separately into Kerich's collection but thanks to dendrochronology on the wood we know were actually cut from the same tree this therefore suggests as we have always supposed that these were part of a set given the comparability of the lettering on them and the way they are physically made with their attached frames that these belong together though a warning here it's not always the case that things that are cut from the same tree all go to the same workshop the National Portrait Gallery is finding that there are things which physically must have gone to very very different workshops even across time where wood seems to have come from the same tree but I think surely in this case we can say these were painted together, got separated and miraculously ended up in the same collection and are with us together today pictures like this too and the way in which they come together and the way in which conservation enables us to look at the backs and examine the fixings and do macro photography of those things help us also to understand what we also have long supposed that many of these pictures may have been made for very specific localities we're used to thinking of sets of portraits as being things that are moved around often given frames and re-displayed in some of the rooms and especially the long galleries of later houses but many of these 15th and 16th century sets do seem increasingly to have been made for a very very fixed position and one day we may be able to do work other than the very adequate but basic conservation we've done so far on the remains of our set of Saxon Kings because we do need to discover with what I've always thought is a really extraordinary and precious set of remains there's no other set of remains a set of objects that were certainly all made for one particular place to be read alongside each other and one day we may well be able by looking at those very carefully to envisage a whole scheme of things along a wall and possibly for a very important and significant setting The mention of dendrochronology brings me to buildings and to my last section here where importantly as we've already focused on today to end up at Calmscott Manor I was privileged to be involved for all schemes of alongside archaeologists working on the history of great Tudor houses and one of the things that's come into focus much more across that century is and I'm talking here in very general terms because every site of course throws up very very different issues is that many houses where we thought by looking at the external fabric or looking at the intimations from the documentation that this all must have taken several generations to build or that the son of the original owner must have added on this wing or whatever Sometimes the dendrochronological analysis has revealed that in fact we have something we should always have suspected here of very very specific and very rapid building campaign That was certainly true of this house the vine in Hampshire where it was clear from the examination of this house and if you look in these at the red which runs through those four plans of Della ground floor first floor and the red other remains of the Tudor house to which 17th century and then later 19th century additions were made but from one end of the house to the other from the oak gallery there on the left on the upper floor to the chapel on the right hand side it does seem from the dendro analysis that the making of this house all took place within a very short space of time a space of time probably within about two years so William Sands building here is all of one build immediately after the time when he rose to the highest phase of his office holding at court and just after he was made a member of the peerage the same proved to be true of the later Tudor house of Parham which we had always thought incorporated medieval remains at one end we're here looking at the house from the eastern sorry the western side the kitchen area which had thicker walls and therefore was perhaps part of something from medieval times but again working through the roof spaces and looking at the timbers and getting a dating for them through the dendro seems to show that the house was largely completed in a very short space of time in the 1570s that doesn't mean to say that subsequent generations of the family and after it was sold out of the initial Parmer family didn't do a lot of the fitting out of these house in the last years of Elizabeth's reign and into the reign of James but again a rapid building project something which now through this kind of examination which we can now do taking a number of points of reference along the whole run of the house gives us a sense that this was something like other houses that was built in a very short space of time and gives us a sense of a better grip on what would have gone on here and so to Kelmscott you heard earlier about the ways in which we have challenges at Kelmscott first of all to make sure that we keep visitors numbers up that we Kelmscott really try and support itself through its activities it's doing well through the shop but we need to keep working at that and we need to make sure that we encourage more visitors and more financial support through our friend scheme which we're launching this year but also I would say given other times donations and requests there is work obviously still to be done on the physical fabric of the house to investigate a bit more about how it's put together and various phases of its construction particularly the differences between those two major early modern building phases of its life as was brought out in the book published six years ago on the house and its essential development it was in the early 1960s of course that the society took over Kelmscott in 1904 and it was during those years that the house was investigated and photographed but as Nicholas Cooper pointed out in his article in the book it wasn't the time when very much there was such pressure to shore the house up and to make sure it was fit for purpose again somewhere that could be open to the public and was waterproof not enough attention was paid perhaps at that time to doing some architectural and historical analysis of bringing documentation etc to bear on what was discovered in the restoration of the house at that period one of the extraordinary things of course that was discovered was the extraordinary Sirlian floor under the tapestry room this photograph of it in that part of the house the tapestry room of course in that part of the house the grandising of the house in the 1660s we call it a Sirlian floor because at one remove it's complicated as the Sirlio design but it is of course Sirlio who first suggests in printed form anyway and gives a plan of a scheme where you span a whole space by very short bits of timber job together one of the most spectacular examples of this is under the floor of the great chamber above the hall at Woolerton Hall it clearly was something that for a century more after the publication of Sirlio in the 1540s had an enormous influence across Europe when great spans or lengths of wood rather were not possibly available and that we think to that the builder of the house at this time must have known the civilian professor of geometry at Oxford who provided the details of the plates for Robert Plott's natural history of Oxfordshire in published in 1677 when where one such floor is thereby displayed in the top right hand corner so there is room at Calmscott when we've got time, energy commitment, when perhaps one day and here again a plug for fundraising one of the great challenges at Calmscott is those tapestries in the tapestry room some time are going to have to be conserved it will be very costly but when they come out when that room is itself conserved maybe even put back to as it was in Morris's day when Rosetti used it as a studio as two rooms this may be time again to look at this floor and find out more about it but of course it's wider than that and though we've already mentioned today the sense that there's lots to do at Calmscott in terms of the exploration not just of the of the house but of the landscape around it some of this was done some of this was adumbrated certainly in terms of the publication six years ago by the surveys that have been done of the flora around the house of the natural landscape of the mapping of that landscape more accurately than it had been done before with all the instrumentation then available by the time we get back to this we'll be able to do more this very much I think is the future of the site not simply perhaps to create only a visitor experience which needn't even penetrate the house though one must expect that many people from across the world are coming to see those William Morris remains inside but building up things like the friend scheme and encouraging people to come back to take people out into the landscape and giving them information about gardening landscape which enriches the visitor experience to do there which can use this seminal point of reference for us as the general secretary said not only in terms of William Morris his belief in conservation and all that that stood for but also in the wonderful setting of this house which tells us much I think about the landscape of our countryside so I want to end there but I will end by saying that this today has been a peroration for me very much trying to look at the ways in which scientific analysis close analysis of things sometimes with instrumentation sometimes with the human eye has enriched the experience of the artistic input into these great works of art that I've passed us through it's also I hope to explore some of those things and looked at things for the future next year I think we get down to a different kind of serious business because I'm reminded that next year amongst many I think debates will have here and elsewhere there is something to be said about the national picture given the sense of nationhood that we'll be exploring and indeed challenging and having to think about very much next year what the society has done to build up the national picture of our material past and what that identifies about both the country as a whole and the constituent part of Britain that I will want to give some attendance to in a year's time thank you very much


We're going to do four quick updates on our projects before we let you all go. We have Neela Jacques from our Open Daylight project, Glenn Sullivan from our Open Switch project, Dan Kahn from our Cloud Native Computing Foundation, and Nico von Sumrin here to talk about the core infrastructure initiative. So I will have Neela started off. Neela, I'm not sure where you are, but come on up on stage. Please welcome Neela Jacques from our Open Daylight project. Thanks, everybody. I have to say it's great to be standing up here for what is probably my last, or I guess this afternoon is my last talk for the Open Daylight project. And so in fact, giving an update allows me to look a little bit back. And so I want to start with a slide, a slide that I put up in one of my first presentations for Open Daylight. And in fact, what you see on the screen here are the three major goals that the Linux Foundation and my board handed me in 2013. At the time, they'd never been a major open source project in the networking industry. And so the challenge in front of us was to do multiple things at once that had never been done in this industry. Very few people had participated in an open source project. And of course, the first thing is we were an open source project, so we needed to make sure that we delivered code. And there was tremendous uncertainty. There was tremendous doubt in the industry whether a whole group of developers who all worked for different competing companies could actually agree enough to deliver code, let alone code that worked. The second thing, of course, is well, if we built code and nobody actually deployed it, we've basically wasted our time. And then finally, community. Could we build a community that people wanted to work on? And I think this was the initial order. I would argue the order is actually not quite right. That in fact, just like Soylent Green, open source isn't code. It's people. And so overall, certainly what we're about, if you're not familiar with Open Daylight, is building a platform for software-defined networking. And we, in fact, realized relatively early that we needed to be different from every other SDN control that had existed in the past. And specifically, rather than try to create something completely new for greenfield networks, what we really needed to impact an industry was to be able to work with people across whatever hardware they had today and to support a wide variety of use cases that they may have today or they may have in the future. And so we were seeking to be, in a sense, a Linux-like platform for SDN for the industry. So not only had this never been done before in this industry in terms of open source, but we're, in fact, trying to do something with what seemed like an almost undoable scope. And I've got to tell you, when I began to talk to people, regardless of whether you're a senior executive or a developer, most people could come up with 100 reasons why what we were trying to do was impossible and that we shouldn't even try. Fast forward three years now. There was a survey done by SDX Central and it looked at Open Daylight versus a whole bunch of other options for SDN solutions. What you find out is end users out there rate Open Daylight, not only the solution that they most consider, but in fact, by far the most deployed solutions. And so one of the questions is how? How did we get to that? I keep getting asked this question, wow, Open Daylight has been such a great success. How did we go from nobody believing in it to just three, four years later, just tremendous impact on the world? And I would say I go back to its people. We made a concerted effort to invest in the community. One, to find ways of bringing people together. I'm gonna talk a lot more in my talk later this afternoon about how we went and did this, but we made an explicit goal for myself and everyone in the organization to find ways to create real bonds of trust between the individuals. When you have that, you can have tremendous tough debates and at the end of it, you can get some version of consensus and you get great code, you get great results. We wanted to build a community that wasn't just developers and vendors, but also end users. And the impact of that, as you see, is not just great code, but a community that is self-sustaining and keeps getting bigger. This is not just about open daylight. What you've seen is that as an industry, we've put more and more people supporting open source code. Here you see the total number of contributors as of this past summer and the total number of commits. It's amazing, it's not just open daylight, but it's great to see that we have been leading the way. And with every release, more and more folks, it's amazing to think that we're just shy of a thousand people having committed code to open daylight. The impact of that is our ability to innovate, our ability to try out different things. It's far superior than what we could do if we were just 30 people in a room somewhere. The other impact is our ability to go from developers and vendors to end users. It's amazing to see AT&T stand up here yesterday and talk about their e-com platform because at the heart of their e-com platform is the open daylight controller. They came in and engaged without first release.  And while I didn't love that characterization, I said back to her, I said, you know, and I'm committed to making sure that it's a little bit better with every release. And now it's in production as part of AT&T's main infrastructure delivery platform. Open daylight today allows the Large Hadron Collider to, instead of having to fly all of their researchers in to be able to distribute all of their data to over 200 universities in the world, two terabytes of data are going over managed by open daylight. And we're seeing a massive scale, companies like Tencent, if you don't know WeChat, you should. WeChat serves 700 million people, most of them in China. And they've got four or five different use cases all running on open daylight. But again, it starts with people. What I hear over and over again is everyone through the life of ODL has been able to figure out all the ways that we could fail. But at the end of the day, they came and tried to make it better because they respected our vision. But most importantly, they liked our people. And the most satisfying thing for me personally is not all of the incredible impact that this project has had on the world. It's in fact the impact that it's had on people. When I was hearing Dan's talk for the first time in my life, hearing a talk like that, I'm not just wanting to shout at the TV and say, yes, someone should do something about it. I realized that however small, what we are doing in this room by creating communities that people love to be in, when I hear people saying, you know, I was in your community, then I went somewhere else. There's something special about your community. That is truly rewarding and makes the 650,000 miles I did over the last three years really worthwhile. And in general, what you see is that then this becomes well sought, well viewed. You go from something that nobody thinks is possible to something that people think is almost inevitable. And I think that's great. But I want to leave you with one thought. Where are we today at Open Daylight? And once since we're a tremendous success on all three of those things, we've achieved them, I think, in spades. But there's actually a fourth one that wasn't on that list that should have been on that list, which is money. And I'm sorry to say this, but here's the reality of our world and this is for Open Daylight and this is for everybody else in this room, I think. Which is we're no longer in a world that most of these projects can be primarily developed by people in their free time. The truth is someone has to pay all these engineers salary. And at the end of the day, that comes down to users. For us to be able to invest in hundreds of engineers to build great code to solve real problems, end users are gonna have to pay for it. And it can come in one of two ways. Either they pay vendors for support or other products that are adjacent or they can pay directly and hire the developers and put them in. But in too many of our projects, we have a situation where every end user is sitting there doing a cost benefit of adding a few more. The better our open sources, the more we end up competing against the people who need to make money to be able to fund the development. And I think this is our biggest challenge in Open Daylight over the next few years, especially as many members of the industry are having huge financial challenges. And I believe this is our biggest challenge in open source. How are we going to make these ecosystems truly sustainable? Because what we've got is incredibly special with these communities. We just gotta make sure that we've architected it right so that it's sustainable over the next 10, 20 years. Thank you. Hello. I'm Glenn Sullivan. In addition to being a customer advocate at SnapRoute, I also serve as the chair of the governing board for the OpenSwitch project. So what is OpenSwitch? OpenSwitch is a fully developed NAS. It works on bare metal switches, white box, whatever you want to call them, disaggregated hardware. It works on any ODM platform. It's fully extensible. And it's based on a contribution by both SnapRoute from the layer two and layer three, routing and switching functions, and Dell EMC for the base OS, which is based on OS 10. The greatest thing about the OpenSwitch project is the community. I could sit here and write all of all the names, but what you'll find out if you start looking a little deeper is that it's Broadcom and it's Mellanox and it's Cavium and it's SnapRoute and it's HP and it's Dell. It's all these classic companies that are considered competitors with each other. And we really have tried, as a project, to adopt the Linux Foundation ethos of everybody who's working together is working in a vendor agnostic in an inclusive manner, right? Because these people are on companies that write competing projects and are going for the same deals and are losing bids to each other, right? So for them to actually sit in the same room and say, this is how the data path should work. This is how the control plane path should work. This is revolutionary from a networking industry perspective. So a quick update on OpenSwitch. You might have seen something in the news lately about HP starting the project and then handing it off to Dell EMC and SnapRoute. We're actually rebranding OpenSwitch from OPS to OPX to kinda do the delineation between the two versions because the entire architecture has been completely rewritten and all of the core code is completely changed out in the new versions to take it to the next level for what's really needed in data centers and enterprises everywhere. Oh, and the other thing I wanted to point out is we're gonna have a full demo and then deep dive into the architecture at the OCP Summit coming up in March. So look for us at OpenCompute. We have several engineering talks. We're gonna do full demos on different platforms and really show what you can do with this new version of OPX. Finally, if you would like to get involved, check out our GitHub. Look at the repos that are starting with OPX. That's everything that's new. Sign up for some mailing lists and we really wanna thank the Hyperledger guys because we talked to them extensively this week and they've really, really sold us on Rocket Chat. So we're gonna be super excited to get on Rocket Chat because, and this is before we get on Slack. So we're leapfrogging the whole Slack problem going right to Rocket Chat. So we're really, really excited about that. Hi there, I'm Dan Kahn. I'm the Executive Director of the Cloud Native Computing Foundation and I just wanted to take a couple minutes. There's some skiers who are looking to sneak out and enjoy the fresh powder. I don't wanna take up too much of your time.  If you're not on the mountain and you're not sneaking out to your flight, I'm gonna go a little bit more into CNCF but in particular just talk about some of the things that we've learned from all the other Linux Foundation projects that have come before us and some of the other foundations about best practices and how we've tried to put those into place. So I did just wanna review in case you haven't heard of us. We're part of the Linux Foundation. We're actually one of the very newest projects, just a little bit over a year old and the thing that we're best known for and our biggest and most exciting project is Kubernetes. It is one of the highest velocity projects really in all of technology. It has contributors from all around the world. It has one of the highest commit rates of anything on GitHub. We're also doing a lot of other things that work well with GitHub, work well with other cloud native technologies, FluentD, Prometheus is a great monitoring app. These others, we have a really great group of companies that are all working together in order to create this new cloud native world. So what does that mean? There's been this kind of history of non-virtualized hardware where you had Sun and then you had VMware create this popularized the concept of VMs and then of course everyone knows Amazon Web Services has popularized infrastructure as a service, Peroku came along with a platform as a service and trying to make DevOps really accessible to a number of users. Those four first companies in this chart were all closed source and then the next four were all open source offerings and so OpenStack in 2010 kind of took VMware and AWS created an open source version of those. This is a very simplified version summary. Cloud Foundry that Abby gave a great talk from this morning has a really incredible pass that's available that's transforming a lot of companies. That's another Linux Foundation project. Docker in 2013 really popularized this concept of containerization. And then in 2015, Kubernetes and cloud native computing foundation came along to popularize this concept where you combine containerizing the application, dividing it up into microservices, excuse me, and then orchestrating those containers together and it's really those pieces all together that we think is just having an incredible impact. So one of the things that's really fun about CNCF is we just have an incredible amount of resources through the Linux Foundation and our other partners and we're working with a number of projects out there and talking to a number of others about why they would like to come hosted with us. GitHub is out there today. So almost every project that we talk to is already on GitHub. We're not, nobody's excited about a mailing list, but by far the most important reason why projects come to CNCF is the very first bullet point there. The neutral home increases contributions. And there's a great example of that GRPC which is a really incredible remote procedure called technology. It originated at Google. It's now being used at AWS, at Microsoft, at actually hundreds of technology companies around the world. It has just a fantastic set of libraries and we are just on the verge of adopting that into a CNCF not because we can provide better hosting technology. It's gonna stay on GitHub. The URLs for it are all gonna be the same but because with a neutral home all of these other partners are just gonna feel even more comfortable adopting it and basing their infrastructure on top of it. And so these other pieces, we have a really august technical oversight committee, folks like Solomon Hikes from Docker and Brian Grant from Google. And I'm actually really thrilled to report that this is the first time we were able to get all eight of these folks in the same room yesterday here in Tahoe, which is the logistics were a little tricky but it really just does speak to the value of the Linux Foundation and conferences like this on being able to pull everyone together. We have a $20 million thousand server cluster that was donated to us by Intel that we make available to both to our own projects and also to other open source efforts out there if you have things you'd like to try. And then user board or press and analyst teams some cash for documentation, two amazing events the big one coming up in Berlin at the end of March and then Austin at the beginning of December road shows a demo and that kind of thing. This is kind of a crazy eye chart. I will mention at the back bottom left that you can see this and download it from GitHub. It's available open source as well. GitHub.com slash CNCF slash landscape but it does show in the five red circles the five projects that we have are currently hosting and the green circles are the ones that we're talking to or considering and gives you a little bit of a view of how we think of this space and why we're excited about it. And I will just say that as I mentioned that technical oversight committee it does separate out the technical decisions from the governing board of the vendors that fund what we're doing and then the end user board providing feedback. So I'm not gonna go into the value propositions but please come by this afternoon, 2.30 if you'd like to hear a little bit more about what we're doing or send me an email dan at Linuxfoundation.org. Thank you very much. Hi, Nico. Hi. So I'm Nico van Sommeren. I'm the executive director of the core infrastructure initiative and I'm the last thing between you and your coffee. So I'm gonna try and keep this short and sweet. So the core infrastructure initiative as you may or may not know we're striving to improve the security outcomes in open source projects. In particular, those open source projects upon which we build the internet and all of the businesses that run on the internet. And we are unusual compared to many LF projects because we don't write code ourselves. We're one of those horizontal slices on Jim's charts as opposed to one of those vertical ones and we're finding ways to try to impact as many open source projects as possible. So my eye chart is a little bit of information about the projects that we were supporting in 2016. This shows a lot of data where the circle size depends on the amount of resource we're throwing at the various projects. The color represents what sort of project it is. But what's interesting is we're trying to have an impact across a lot of projects. We're trying to get increasingly strategic in the way that we do this. When the CII started three years ago, we were born out of the wake of the Heartbleed bug and a lot of what we were doing was really quite tactical in its approach in terms of putting resources on projects which were bleeding. And it was a real pass me the tourniquet, we've got to stem this problem. Now we're trying to work more on projects that are gonna have broader impact across a lot of other coding projects. So things like the fuzzing project are finding bugs in large numbers of open source projects. We're funding some toolkits, so we're still providing resources into toolkits like OpenSSL and GNU PG and Bouncy Castle where we're trying to provide crypto resources or security frameworks into other open source projects. But my x-axis is the timeline of the spend and the y-axis is the tactical versus strategic and we're trying to move things up and to the left. I guess I should have made things go up and to the right because it would have been a better VC pitch slide but maybe I need to flip one of my axes. We're trying to keep up in that, things that are getting in there and doing useful stuff that has strategic utility as opposed to particularly pouring more and more resources on one of my bad scores down here, NTPD managed to go from version 4.2.8 patch eight to version 4.2.8 patch 10 and fix 13 critical CVEs in the process. I don't call that the sort of development velocity I'm trying to promote. So I think one of the most important things that we've been doing at the CII is trying to bring the fast security community together. We've been hosting meetings. We've had some general ones where we're just trying to get everybody who's interested in driving security improvement in open source. We've also hosted meetings for things like the fuzzing project, the reproducible builds project, the open SSL project to try to get those communities to have more interaction and they've been very positive in terms of the development velocity that's created and also the sort of strategic thinking and the forward planning by bringing those communities together. So we've had hundreds of people turn up. We've been both hosting the meetings and funding people to get to those meetings because they're doing it on their spare time and they don't have time to spend on it. We've also been doing some work this year to try to make it easier to get members into the CII. We had a unscalable structure last year. We've actually adopted a new charter. So we have tiers of membership. If you want your organization to join the CII, please come and find me. I'm around through today. I'm trying to broaden the member base. My original members, I have 19 original members, 18 of whom are pure tech companies and one is is a information company. So they're an information technology company. I've got a pipeline of members joining who are in retail and aerospace and banking because everybody builds their business on this sort of core infrastructure. And so everybody has an interest in this core infrastructure being secure. So hopefully more than half of the companies that will get to join this year will not be tech companies because we really want to get the whole community involved. And I'm 20 seconds late for your coffee break so I'm gonna leave it at that. But please come and find me if you have any questions. Thanks. Thank you.


Alright, here we go rip in 2023 series one baseball jumbo six box case number five random team style Check out the results. Good luck everybody. Thank you for joining That's what I'm trying to tell him Anthony Donnie start drinking coffee Donnie and Sam both in you start drinking coffee same with Lane, too How do they not drink coffee? I don't understand that doesn't compute in my mind All right guys series one jumbo in the random styles all of the base including the rookies is split even to all spots So everybody has an even chance at getting Certain base rookies in the random team styles if you are looking for all the certain team You have to check our PYT's a lot of those are on Matt's channel. We're all right. All right Here we go everything else shipped to your team all chrome cards all inserts all numbered cards anything above that a base Essentially inserts numbered hits box toppers whatever maybe speaking of box offers. There's a vado to start There's our silver packs. I don't know Destruction There's a guy from the right. That was weird. I never do that Maybe there's gigantic hit in this box now. Maybe I Somehow maybe I did maybe So we'll get past all that vet base or all the base That's a foil of rice Ellie Glaceus for Atlanta Sunny Gray to 300 advanced stats for the twins to 300 What is that the club a rod is what Sam doing the welcome to our club was he doing that yesterday? Yeah, he did it. He did it right next to Sean before while we're doing our last break So Sean was like, oh my god Yeah, first thing I have to do in the morning is I'll drink water And and then coffee that's that's that's the order rainbow foil Suzuki your cubs Morel rookie vintage stock cubs 80 to a 99 That's very nice Rats on that one cubbies vintage stock. You can tell by the wall. It's vintage stocks. You feel it But since you guys can't feel it I'll show you the numbering and then you have the vintage tops logo right there Nice one cubs and our auto is a blue jays stars auto Carlos Delgado to one ninety nine Dig in this case already nice Delgado with insert Miguel Cabrera 88 Thing with like you have to drink water with coffee or something You should drink water with all caffeine Well Got hydrate before you caffeinate that's that's that's the rule right there. That's how that's how it gets that's how it becomes effective Gold foil Luis Garcia gold Marcelo Zuna for Atlanta 206 of 2023 there you Walker Big hurt The jazz SSP know I have not Vaughn, but I must see it Paul Blackburn rainbow foil You got city connect Mookie bets Dodgers relic Buxton I'll to they Yeah, I mean that's one way to put it Anthony. I don't know if I would Call like that, but that's one way to put it one of folks on the cards here camera. You want to do that? Yeah, okay. All right, cool they did a Con big talk condescending to the camera to get it to work Rainbow foil rookie Evan Lee for the Nats and a red foil board say a Suzuki cubs to one ninety nine This is definitely a cubs box here Definitely There's a Ashcraft rookie insert rookie 88 a one-soto card number one on the gold foil. It's a cool one Gold Stamont Royals to 2023 Hey, it's a box. How's it going, buddy? How was your personal last night? I should be Blake usually comes out like simultaneously for like series one and stuff. It should be I don't know though I do not know Give him a rainbow rookie rainbow foil for the Blue Jays. Definitely good first box here Got a Kunya homerun challenge for Atlanta all aces verlander for the Stroh's Yeah, usually like the series one stuff is I mean, it's usually appropriately priced and it's easier to find than a lot of like the chrome stuff Judgment day Gold foil There you go. Yanks. It's a cool one polar bear There we go a ka polar bear Short print nickname card for the Mets first one I pulled of those. That's very nice. I'm Greek at that Some of those are really cool. I was like I was looking at those I Don't know honestly. I don't know does anyone does someone knows why why did they call him polar bear? I Feel like that's a valid question because he's big. I honestly have never questioned it I just I know I know that's his nickname forever. I just have never questioned it Rainbow foil trio here league leaders trio Mets is Tyler our Dodgers James E Cardinals Michael are I Say two of those twice That's how they're rolling to die. Oh one two three four five six Six going right side cardinals here cardinals league leaders green foil board keep Ryan Hayes pirates So three ninety nine for ninety nine excuse me Jersey card Christian yellows Brewers Aranola aces Trevor story my guy. Come on Trevor Yeah, but I think I've seen them all they're all so cool Polar Pete. Yeah, I've actually never questioned that before Martin Perez rainbow foil Verdugo independence day Nice red Sox eight of 76 Dylan cease aces Manoa all right silver packs now Pete the polar bear. Oh, it's Okay, Bregman Vavra rookie for the Orioles Mike Trout and a gold rookie Brian Bayo 11 of 50 red Sox congrats Really good box for you Ian are gold Bayo rookie love that Recap that too as a judge Michael Harris silver pack rookie Matthew Liberator for the Cardinals as well and a Kyle Stowers or Stowers Good stuff Good stuff. Very good box not left-handed right-handed Trout topper. Yeah, I haven't heard anything not saying you're wrong. I just I just haven't heard that So I do not know it's possible. It's possible Maybe they made more hobby or something this year Okay, right Louise on the gold foil got a blue Griffey nice So those are 600 copies not hard-numbered, but a 600 copies on those Padre shea langaliers 88 rookie for the A's Yeah, I See you open with your with Tearing with right hand not left Trying to wait. Why am I so confused? Morel rookie rainbow foil for the Cubs. Definitely a good break for the Cubs here Ethan small on the Brewers rookie auto stars auto aces Bob Gibson Vlad as an expo goes to the Nats See I Don't know why I tell my left. I just Maybe I'm a little more ambidextrous than I think I have no idea rainbow foil tanner Scott a gold Nats team card to 2023 City Connect for the Marlins here Sandi Alcantra aces Rodin It's all good toke for his power You shoeball left and right with your right. That's kind of how my brother is He throws us at the right rights with his left Tracy think he's more left-handed J rod on the gold foil or rainbow, which one is that?  No, still here. Yeah, don't let him hear that It's too much right now Gold that goes to the Astros here by majority Al wins leaders Man, they be so good Then like have a follow-up That would be kind of fun the English is tough. So I'm with you. I'm the only language. I know kind of And then as rainbow foil That is blue J's Bichette homerun challenge card gold Graven white socks at 2023 now Harper O'Neill Cruz 88 They're there there red red red red red red lead and lead night night night night night And like Gold Nats gold foil Nats Cease there through through. Yes Polar Pete we have the dynamic name now it changes all the time CJ Crone gold foil for the Rockies independence day John Gray Rangers the 76 74 of 76 Jram club Jram 88 It kind of is but like the whole image is like a like a trans transparent red. It's like really really cool Rainbow foil Escobar Machado greatest it's Brett Beatty 88 Brett Beatty 88. That's I feel like I'm like I'm losing my mind today All right silver packs got Goldschmidt Gwynn Kershaw and Larkin Nelson of Alaska's Cubs rookie Kareya verlander and Jax Yeah Like look at the green the Tatees is by far the best one. Yeah, those are cool They're just so much better than what it is now, and I don't know why they changed it Yeah, we um The yesterday I was pulling like one silver pack auto per like case. I pulled a red auto out of them Mookie Matt pulled a big one yesterday or Sam someone pulled a big one here yesterday That's different I pulled a Prato Or that Picture The picture for the Dodgers who that trade I think for you. Yeah, I put a red Korean legend right there. What's up rainbow Jeffrey Springs Harper there And he's in a Max Meyer. I didn't realize Max Meyer was rookie this year. He keeps slipping my mind Third overall pick Just kept something that he was in this though Young core I'm surprised they traded today for more pitching Yeah Rainbow foil is pitching, but you're like, oh, let's just get another East Garrett Cole aces 299 Yankees 299 numberings right here Rookie auto Bubba Thompson Rangers black number two one ninety-nine I Gotta go back for Bubba Joshua potential answer Orias Josh young Rangers for real. I'll try and answer if I can Josh will probably in the like You sell it now. I would just run it on eBay auction and get the most but realistically It's probably in that like 400 range cold for Luis Garcia Corey Seeger blackboard in that Rangers box here to 72 on the Seeger That's two black Rangers in the last Last two packs and a Josh young 88 rookie to Okay, then Alright Rangers So the only PYT is we've done so far on the baseball channel, so I'll get you a link for the baseball channel Yeah What up Carl? Yeah, if it has Matt some will be breaks in the In the name, it'll be the latent baseball break channel I just have to link for you right now that I'll take you to the videos of that channel You can find it there Anthony, there's gonna be a whole lot of different like Almanac Repack things coming at you're pretty quick My guess is the drip Rainbow will be the first thing City Connect Xander. That's so cool But yeah, the drip Repack packs will likely be the first thing to see our streams Guess we'll have different price point drip repacks by the way, not sure how much has been said about that yet So this will be fun but Also working on like a Brandy Rogers gold of 2023 Rockies Figure it'll probably at the minimum. It's gonna be a thousand per spot buy-in For the next Almanac on the main channel gold foil Albert Al Mora Reds rookie Gunnar Henderson gold Yeah 1503 of 2023 Baltimore who has a man big card Gunnar Gunnar Gunnar Baltimore Baltimore Jerry F Big Orioles car there gunner gold gold gunner. Yeah, I can turn on the uh, I have a timer set for it Referral link So Jim drip is another platform that we utilize on Sunday and Monday nights to run personals We're gonna be looking into expanding to doing multiple nights And then like I said bringing a repack specifically to those streams forest just dropped a link to The drip account so if you sign up using that link you'll get $15 free to use on drip drip is very user friendly do everything right from where like the stream that you're watching essentially or You can pre-purchase as well, but Once you get once you get there a bit you can do everything just from like one screen. It's very nice Alcantara Alcantara rainbow foil Freddie Freeman homerun challenge Riley green greatest hits with 88 It's just a place that allows us to do personals and other things while simultaneously Doing group breaks over here It allows you guys to get your boxes ripped in a timely manner Not just an hour and a half to two hours at the end of every Group break stream gold McMahon rainbow or gold foil right McMahon can't talk right now Libertor 88 No, it's not hard to use at all. I feel like it's it's more difficult to Buy a group break look up on our schedule then go find the stream or go look up the video drip is like it just happens right there So it's more like instantaneous less of like a Buy a group break spot for two weeks down the line.  Let's see Houston is Michael R. Chicago White Sox Steven M. And blue Jays Jason B. Get rolling a die one two left three four middle and five six right Five going right side blue Jays Manoa Max Scherzer on the red Ten of ten There you go Mets 88 design Scherzer red to ten Nice card and Mets Peter Lonzo Jersey. Yeah, we got that Game used Yeah, I'll I pull illegal heat over there though. So if he's gonna come after me right now Don't believe it. I pulled him heat over there. All right rookie rainbow foil Oscar Gonzalez Guardians aces Oriasta 75 Dodgers Rizzo Bregman Silverpacks of Hoskins Chipper Devers and J rod Ashcraft rookie Reds Luis Robert Joey Vado and a Joy Manasas Nationals rookie, you know to keep the base ever not separate. Yeah, I checked with you box one. Yeah, I know But I was like I was saying I was like I better ask anyway. I know you're good yesterday I was surprised you didn't ask it sooner. I'm like, oh, I guess you already knows that I know I trust you Donnie All right the trade Turner. I trust that you also read the descriptions On these I do There was over 200 that means there's a lot of hype around the rookie class then for sure Plus the odds and jimbos are just so much better than in hobbies this year. We got a strong bully gold foil match strong Gold Zach Thompson at 2023 Pirates Yankees one-two punch Tyler the sarcastic answer. I don't know Carl for sure. I've seen them grade fairly well, but I Don't know what the big worry about those would be Maybe like the paint chipping off the frame Lauren at rainbow foil or like light scratches on the surface of the frame Maybe yeah tautis On the home run challenge sherser aces is equal to ran 88 Rangers rookie. Yeah, we saw I saw it earlier six I think they all have autos Or most of those Gold for gold foil Matt Chapman Phillies one-two punch Garrett Cole. Yeah, I've told a Babe Ruth one of those yesterday Data, I don't know. I forget the pack odds on those. I Don't know if there are pack odds On the heavy lumber just says limited. So just SSP or at least there weren't odds before Maybe on the packs. I'm about to read this pack though rainbow foil as money Grandal gold paper Corey secret at 2023 for the The arrangers Kirby Puckett Batra life. Nice There you go twins aces Randy Johnson. Oh, it is Tyler. No, no, no, that's why I appreciated that answer Derek Hall rookie gold foil Phillies Cunha to 300 advanced stats for the Braves to 300 Murphy Morel 88, I gotta see so bad. Do this car dust is killing me. Look at this. Look at the light I'm gonna hang on. I just want to get away with the cars. It's different dust and chrome dust It's just different Smaller dust it's actually faster Gold foil Austin Meadows J. Ram J. Ram We've been talking about a group stop of the shop here for so long. I don't think it'll ever happen. Oh No, Sean did say he was getting card together. I better start doing that then Hopefully that's actually true and that was talking rainbow foil Yandi Diaz for the race green foil board Ian half Cubs the 499 Sean said yesterday. He's getting rid of this. I mean, baby You know, Sean was saying he was going to go, okay, I'll just tag along with Sean's on yeah, so I mean if we only have like a few cards to grade or it's like you can't get the coming here Coming here with like I have a collector's membership Torres Prato rookie orange foil board to 299 Royals Kansas City David are as long as you have a collector's plus membership you there is no like Minimum number. Yeah, it's all yeah Right, okay, let's be a Sean has the membership to I don't know how much he's up The new Sort of shipper. That's what Sean said Sean told me he was subbing with Jay. What in the world? I don't know what's going on. We're gonna have to have a separate meeting just about this Rainbow foil yellow. It's this is what Caleb and I just sub our own card. That's Tough as nails as guardians. That's a nailer SSP No, he's celebrating right there. It's unmatched energy and Cleveland tough as nails SSP There we go. There is Something above Palacios there. I don't know. It's definitely not part of the card I'm gonna send a box and wrapper smack daddy. It really just depends on the card itself But I've been subbing about 50-50 between PSA and VGS Keep that recap but send a box like that. There's like a weird foil thing. Yeah Perdomo d-back stars auto MV free Oh boy, that's like that's like the name that should not be spoken. I don't know if I get it Very Sanchez city connects yellow We got Vlad Cal Mitchell rookie pirates If on her era Cardinals rookie and an Adley silverback rookie, there we go Orioles having a great break Tyler.  I'm saying that right Langaliers. Yeah, okay It's how I've heard of the people say it figure out just Shay Lingoliers Langelier, that's what that's what I would say. So what kind of card would you would you go BGS over? Like if they have the chance of pristine well basic answer is if sub grades are important for it Okay, so how do you know that's like the very basic answer? I'm sorry Justin Berlander. I feel like that should be like Well What up, Brandon? All right, come on. He's on the big here. I mean we've seen big cards here But I'll see something Monstrous for example like PSA has many a devil gold foil charge you based gold rookie McKinnon a is a 2023 You could sell a $200,000 card to BGS Okay, now see that makes sense like that In Bo Jay Ram Rookie Auto Ethan small for the Brewers the 88 design there Me too. Don't worry Byron Buxton on the gold foil twins Mary Walker Frank Thomas I'm thinking about a rainbow to try to put together. I don't I don't know what though. I got to find a super factor first No, probably not a Star Wars rain. I could do a cheaper baseball, I think who's Got a Verdugo rainbow foil a blue Trevor story 88 Red Sox city connect Brandon Crawford Giants that one's the 75 Who's like a veteran that you like that doesn't have a lot of hobby? That's the thing gotta go by check those two It'd be easier to something like not like a top scroll like a top spinus Maybe it would be easier or like when Bowman's best comes out of maybe Products that aren't as they're still nice and have super fractures, but aren't a saw it after I think yeah Gold foil rookie, baby. There you go Mets Gold paper a Vogelbach Mets 2023 Ashcraft 88 Do a trout rainbow? I'm good.  Is that we doing illegal is that we doing right now is that how we're doing this? That's cool Tyler Yeah, I'm gonna start with I'm not I'm gonna work backwards. I'm not super picky about who it's gonna be I want the super first Now I'll figure the rest out that makes sense. Uh, gold Jram foil Got rainbow foil Tyler O'Neill Chris Bryant Rockies on the um Um Uh home run challenge gold Steven quanta 2023 guardians. Nice guan verlander on the ace card Illegal what um, what set was that your rainbow of Dawkins? Steven matt's gold foil cardinals. We'll drop a link for the next one Tyler O'Neill to three Or no ssp Tyler O'Neill didn't even see the gold up there There you go cardinals there's any sp and these these uh Series one breaks just put them in there Got male a rainbow foil gold paul seawall to 2022 mariners jersey card wander franco game used for the rays aeronola Ace card aeronola next to sold out. Yeah Are they both sold out? Yeah. Oh nice I was focusing on uh flipping through cards Do that a lot right now. Yeah, they're both sold buckston dillon c so baseball sold out guys Let's get those basketball breaks filled up. We have mosaic No huddle tonight That has spots left for basketball god bubble thompson rangers rookie of vargas dodgers rookie Henderson austere gonzalez guardians rookie When kowsky red sox rookie we've got a purple coming up After a mattingly in pares. It's a purple rookie nelson volasquez cubs Number two 75 58 to 75 cubs Again, good case for the cubs here Who had the cubs in this one? topper he wrote mariners What do I say? No huddle Same thing different name hobby hybrid. How about that? All right, we got rainbow foil espinal gold to 2023. It's a blue jays next generation there Pretty cool gold to get red stars for optics Dang illegal. What year optic is that? louisa rias on the rainbow foil green foil board to 499 dominic leon giants rookie auto max meyer there you go marlins stars rookie auto max meyer aces alcantra It's probably a hard set that complete that illegal, right? If it's not on ebay All the red stars Talking sometimes it's also tough to do a vet one because it's like they're not selling so people won't like But obviously people don't want to sell cards like two bucks. You know what I mean? That's true for the most part Depending on the car, but yeah Gold foil as a class A for the guardians got red foil board kwan guardians nice to 1.99 sunny gray rainbow foil for the twins there city connect otani angels relic Otani aces Yeah, no, it's definitely tough That's why I want to start with the lower lowest number of perils I can find Like you kind of it's you have to be quick I feel like you have to do it when like a product kind of comes out Like that's it. That's gonna be tough. I'm sure you know this like that's gonna be a tough one I get the people out there. Oh, look a rainbow foil rookie nick proto for the royals gold secret of 2023 rangers Bayo 88 rookie red socks Those are schedule like 15 only 45 on this murd behind That's right.  That's actually his son Oh, no, I know most people know that You on diran rainbow foil home run challenge alvarez astros. That should be an easy one to win. He gets home runs like every day Rochman 88 Is there some significance to the black parallel being number 972? um, I don't know Donnie's asking all the questions that I don't know today. What's up wahoos? I don't know. I don't know if that was like a year that something came out. Where's lane? Gold foil bill and bundy Again, these are all things that I've never questioned before but donnie is the riddler So he is here to ask these questions Vaughn grissom on the rainbow foil rookie for the brave. That's blake's buddy right there gold cash throw tigers to 2023 herald cash throw jersey card tatsis Padres game used It's been for a while ago. All right last pack before the silvers Yeah, Rockies. Yeah, man What's odor's name tick man fort or something like that man fort? I have no idea. Not a good guy Uh, rainbow foil john gray. We've got a mark canna To 300 mets. All right. Thank you, mike. I thought it was something in relevance to that but Wasn't sure. Uh, michael harris Yeah, thank you mike I'm trying to focus on chat a little too much right now I need to focus on this break more Yvonne Herrera rookie rutschman rookie in the silver pack jram and james outman buster javi bayez Vlad and cow Mitchell relics first on our recap tatis otani wander crawford yellich Kirby puckett petal anzo Xander louise severino sandial contra christian yellich mookie bets And we had some nicer parallels. We had the black cody clements the 72 ricky for the tigers SSP Tyler O'Neill for st. Louis ssp guardians here tough as nails Um, by the way, there was a little bit of damage Maybe not damage. It's like some random foil about policy OS on that photo So we're gonna send a box wrapper with the guardians there in the ssp tough as nails Um, Max Scherzer to 10 for the reds 10 of 10 gold rookie bail red sox on the silver pack. It's a 50 polar bear a.k.a autos of max mire even small Geraldo Pradomo bubba Thompson to $1.99 for the rangers even small and a Carlos Delgado to $1.99 blue jays We had orange foil board rookie nick prato for the royals. This one's numbered to $2.99 And we had a gold rookie gunner Henderson or eels numbered to 2023 Big stuff there. Thanks again everybody more baseball coming up


Statistical Model Checking, SMC, is a type of algorithm used to verify specifications of interest on an ensemble of cyber-physical systems. It uses sequential algorithms to draw enough samples from the system to determine if it meets the specified requirements. However, these algorithms can leak information about the samples, potentially compromising the privacy of users. To address this issue, we propose a new form of differential privacy called Expected Differential Privacy, EDP, which relaxes the conservative requirement of bounding the sensitivity of the output of the algorithm to any perturbation for any dataset. We then propose a novel exponential mechanism that randomizes the termination time of the algorithm to achieve EDP. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of our proposed algorithm through a case study. This article was authored by Yu Wang, Husein Sibai, Mark Yan, and others.


Personal Finance PowerPoint Presentation Financing basics for first-time home buyers. Get ready to get financially fit by practicing personal finance. Most financial decisions can be broken out into those short-term decisions and the long-term decisions. The short-term decisions being the ones that we're going to train our guts so we can trust our gut. We're going to be using trial and error tinkering type of process in order to hone down our habits so we can depend on our habits to help us out with those day-to-day decision processes with less formal thought or time put into them. The long-term decisions, on the other hand, we have to follow the adage of measure twice, cut once. We've got to go through a more formal process. We can't use the tinkering or the trial and error method as easily. And of course, the home purchasing process falls into that long-term category. Five categories we might list our purchasing process under. Number one, determine the home ownership need. Number two, find and evaluate a property to purchase. Number three, price the property. Number four, obtain financing. Number five, close the purchase transaction. We're moving now to the financing basics for first-time home buyers. Most of this information can be found at Investopedia, which you can find online. Take a look at the references and resources and continue your research from there. It's by Robert Stammers, updated January 22, 2022. Obtaining a mortgage is a crucial step in purchasing your first home, and there are several factors for choosing the most appropriate one. So clearly, when making a home purchase, we can't usually do it with just cash and need to have some form of financing. So while the myriad of financing options available for most first-time home buyers can seem overwhelming, taking the time to research the basics of property financing can save you a significant amount of time and money. So clearly, we want to look into the financing option. When we're thinking about the home purchasing process, we obviously want to look at the cost of the home itself. We want to be able to think about whether we can afford the financing or afford the loan and the payments. And we also want to map that out longer term to think about the consequences for the financing going out into the future. We could usually kind of start from a baseline of the financing for a standard kind of financing option where we're thinking 30-year fixed financing, which will be more standard from institution to institution. And if we're looking for a more exotic type of loans, possibly adjustable rate loans, different amount of years covered, we want to go from there noting that that will add a significant amount of complexity into our research generally. Understanding the market where the property is located and whether it offers incentives to lenders may mean added financial perks for you. And by taking a close look at your finances, you can ensure that you are getting the mortgage that best suits your needs. So clearly, you want to look at your own finances. When you're doing that, as you're looking at your finances, that you want to note that the bank is not the person that's doing the budgeting for you. The bank is the one hopefully giving you a loan. What you would like to do is be approved for as much financing as you can and then you do your own research to determine how much you can actually afford. It would be nice if you could finance more than you can afford, meaning the credit line would be available to you, the amount of purchasing power, the amount of a loan available to you. And then you pick the lower amount that you need, right? So those two things have to be distinct. We kind of tie them together in our mind sometimes because we depend on the bank's heuristics, their calculations, their tools to determine how much they think that we'll be able to pay back. But those tools are based on their needs to see if we can pay them back and possibly based on regulations and whatnot, whether they can sell the loan on the secondary market and so on, not based on our actual finances per se, our actual spending habits, our actual lifestyle. So this article outlines some of the important details first-time homebuyers need to make their big purchase. So first-time homebuyer requirements. To be approved for a mortgage, you'll need to meet several requirements depending on the type of loan for which you are applying. To be approved specifically as a first-time homebuyer, you'll need to meet the definition of a first-time homebuyer, which is broader than you may think. A first-time homebuyer is someone who has not owned a principal residence for three years, a single person who has only owned with a spouse, an individual who has only owned a residence, not permanently affixed to a foundation, or an individual who has only owned a property that was not in compliance with building codes. So that's a little bit broader than you might have originally thought in terms of what might qualify for a first-time homebuyer. You'll generally need to have proof of income for a minimum of two years sufficient to pay the mortgage, a down payment of at least 3.5%, and a credit score of at least 620. So these numbers may, of course, change over time as the landscape changes over time including the economic landscape as well as the government regulations and the bank regulations that are going to mirror most likely the economic landscape and the government regulations. But clearly, when they look at your income level, they're usually going to go a couple years back. They might want to get verification. They're going to want to verify it some way. They're probably going to want your tax returns and possibly payment stubs in order to help to verify those things, noting that some income levels are going to make a lender feel more secure than others when you're talking about W-2 income, like a standard kind of job that you've been at for a long period of time. A lender might feel more comfortable that that's stable going forward as opposed to, unfortunately, sole proprietors, entrepreneurs often have more difficulty to prove their Schedule C kind of income. So that can be a bit of a hurdle to go over if your income level is not perceived to be as stable. The down payment, at least 3.5%. Again, that could change over time. And then you might want to think like the 20% is like the classic 30-year loan, 20% down kind of thing, but usually you're going to have to have some kind of down payment to be putting down because that shows the commitment for you as the home buyer to the lender and it also basically lowers the distance between the value of the home and the loan. In the event that there's a foreclosure to safeguard the lender to be able to foreclose on the home and sell it for more than the loan amount and a good credit score, which obviously is impactful for give trust to the lender. However, as a first-time home buyer, there are programs that can allow you to buy a home with a low income, zero down and credit scores as low as 500. So clearly you can go into those programs, which are going to be a bit of a deviation from like the standard. So you would think that of course the standard loans would be going through the financial institution where both people are kind of on a market conditions for the most part or at least as close to it as possible with the bank and you dealing together. Obviously these other programs that are going to alter it more favorable terms like having nothing down, it's going to be a lot more risky to the financial institution. Therefore you would expect government intervention in some way for those kind of conditions to be met. You want to have an idea of what those are and how those work. So conventional loans are mortgages that are not insured or guaranteed by the federal government. So clearly if the federal government is guaranteeing the loan, that's going to have a significant impact on it because that removing of risk, that is what the bank does. It mitigates risk. So it wants to give you the loan because it wants to make the interest but it needs to mitigate its risk. It does that by charge. It has the interest rate that's reasonable and it makes sure that you can make the payments and it usually requires a down payment so that it can foreclose on the home if it needs to in the event that you don't pay the loan. So they are typically fixed rate mortgages. They are some of the most difficult types of mortgages to qualify for because of their stricter requirements. A bigger down payment, higher credit score, lower debt-to-income DTI ratios and the potential for a private mortgage insurance PMI requirement. So if the loan isn't backed up by the government, then of course the bank needs to mitigate its risk by doing these other kinds of things. What's the bank going to do to mitigate its risk? They're going to say that they want a bigger down payment. That's why you've got the classic 20% down on a higher credit score. They want to make sure that you've got a good history of paying back the lower debt-to-income ratios and a potential for private mortgage insurance. So they might want added assurance if it's not by the government, by basically insurance to assure the payment of the loan. However, if you are qualifying for a conventional mortgage, they are usually less costly than loans that are guaranteed by the federal government. Conventional loans are defined as either conforming loans or non-conforming loans. Conforming loans comply with guidelines such as the loan limits set forth by government-sponsored entities, GSEs, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac. So those are quasi, like the government basically, entities which have a significant impact in the housing market. So these lenders and various others often buy and package these loans then sell them as securities on the secondary market. So basically you've got these backed securities that are backed by basically these loans. Could be sold on the secondary market and the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are big factors in that. And that whole process, of course, skews a lot of the dynamics in terms of the investment dynamics and so on in the housing market. However, loans that are sold on the secondary market must meet specific guidelines to be classified as conforming loans. And obviously there's been a lot of scrutiny on this since 2008 crash when there was a housing bubble that was perceived to be part of the problem. Some of these regulations and some of this bundling kind of stuff and the whole secondary market kind of thing happening during that time. So I do think, you know, but the market will still have these bubble ups and downs due to the bubbles and whatnot and have these same kind of secondary market items in there but hopefully it's, you know, more transparent would be the idea. The maximum conforming loan limit for a conventional mortgage in 2022 is $647,200 although it can be more for designated high cost areas a loan made above this amount is called a jumbo loan. A jumbo which usually carries a slightly higher interest rate. Now, obviously if you're in high cost of living areas like you might think, well, man, that's a high, that's fairly high loan for a normal kind of individual, normal first time home buyer, for example. But because that's just the loan amount, that's not even like the cost of the home amount. But if you're in a higher income area like possibly California or New York, for example, then, you know, the higher rates are clearly going to have more jumbo loans often times. So these loans carry more risk since they involve more money making them less attractive to the secondary market. For non-conforming loans, the lending institution, now the fact that they're less conducive to the secondary market, then, of course, makes them less desirable to some degree, right? Because the bank can't offload those loans. You know, you've got the higher risk that's going to be involved in it and so on. For non-conforming loans, the lending institution that is underwriting the loan, usually a portfolio lender, sets its own guidelines due to regulations non-conforming loans cannot be sold on the secondary market. So Federal Housing Administration, the FHA loans, the Federal Housing Administration FHA part of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, HUD, in other words, H-U-D, various mortgage loan programs for Americans. The FHA loan has lower down payment requirements and is lesser to qualify for than a conventional loan. FHA loans are excellent for first-time home buyers because in addition to lower upfront loan costs and less stringent credit requirements, you can make a down payment as low as 3.5%. So that's a huge difference in terms of the down payment, which again under normal circumstances you would think the bank would be highly skeptical of that unless they had some other kind of guarantee, right? And that's the idea. So all that's happening here is you've got this shifting going on with regards to the risk, which we've got to be careful of because clearly if you have a situation where the bank no longer has the risk, this was part of the issue, if the bank shifts the risk from the bank to somewhere else, the bank has incentives then to give out loans that are not likely to be paid back, right? They're likely to fail or go into default and that causes, of course, problems. So the FHA loans cannot exceed the statutory limits described above. However, all FHA borrowers must pay a mortgage insurance premium so rolled into their mortgage payments. So you have that mortgage insurance premium involved. Mortgage insurance is an insurance policy that protects a mortgage lender or title holder if the borrower defaults on payments passes away or is otherwise unable to meet the contractual obligations of the mortgage. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, the VA loans. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, the VA guarantees VA loans. The VA does not make loans itself but guarantees mortgages made by qualified lenders. So you've got another kind of government involvement here. The VA clearly, it's more defined for a specific purpose in that case for the VA's, of course. So this guarantee allows veterans to attain home loans with favorable terms, usually without a down payment. So again, huge, huge impact. So in most cases, VA loans are easier to qualify for than conventional loans. Lenders generally limit the maximum VA loan to conventional mortgage loan limits. Before applying for a loan, you'll need to request your eligibility from the VA. If you are accepted, the VA will issue a certificate of eligibility that you can use to apply for a loan. In addition to these federal loan types and programs, state and local governments and agencies sponsor assistance programs to increased investment or home ownership in certain areas. Equity and income requirements. Home mortgage loan pricing is determined by the lender in two ways and both methods are based on the creditworthiness of the borrower. So clearly your creditworthiness is going to be a major component in terms of the types of loans that might be out there. So obviously better credit, better than the bank's going to be feeling more assured and the bank will give typically better terms in that case. Or worse credit than the bank's not going to be feeling as good and the terms are going to be reflective of that. In addition to checking your FICO, your FICO score from the three major credit bureaus, lenders will calculate the loan to value, the LTV ratio and the debt service coverage ratio, the DSCR, to determine the amount that they're willing to loan to you plus the interest rate. LTV is the amount of actual or implied equity that's available in the collateral being borrowed against. So for home purchases, LTV is determined by dividing the loan amount by the purchase price of the home. Lenders assume that the more money you are putting up in the form of a down payment, the less likely you are to default on the loan. So the logic of course being, like if you didn't have all this other, like any other kind of guarantee kind of thing, if it's just a deal between you and the bank, they're lending you money, they're making interest and you're getting a loan for the purchasing power of it, then the bank's going to be earning the interest on it. They're going to want to balance the risk versus the reward. They're going to lower the risk to them by seeing if you have a better credit. Your better credit lowers the risk to them and they want to have a significant down payment. And the down payment once again does two things. It locks in the buyer to being invested in the home. It's less likely you're going to walk away from the home. And if the home goes down in value, which hopefully is not likely but certainly possible, then it would have to go down fairly significantly to cover like a 20% down payment, right? So that means that if the home went down in value, then if you didn't put any money down or you only put a little money down, it's possible the loan would be higher than the home value, which would lead people possibly more likely to walk away from the home because they're no longer feeling financially invested in it like they were before. And if there was a default, then the bank wouldn't be able to sell the home in order to cover the costs of the home sale as well as the loan outstanding. So they want that down payment can be quite significant, right? So the higher the down payment, the more secure, the more good feeling that the bank is going to be, more security risk lowering effect. So the higher the LTV, the greater the risk of default. So lenders will charge more. For this reason, you should include any type of qualifying income that you can when negotiating with a mortgage lender. Sometimes an extra part-time job or other income generating business can make the difference between qualifying or not qualifying for a loan or in receiving the best possible rate. So remember, the loan officers is going to be defining their loan on the bank heuristics oftentimes, which require them to base it on kind of your gross income and then use like their percentage calculations to try to figure out how much you can basically afford. So they might be critical of the type of income you have, possibly W-2 income being more secure than possibly another kind of income like business income. But you also want to make sure that you're trying to give them the highest amount of income that you can that qualifies, that's legal to give them so that you can qualify for the highest loan possible, not because you necessarily want to take the highest loan possible.  Again, you're not relying on the bank to determine how much house you should purchase or do your personal budgeting. You're trying to give the bank the information and get it in such a way so that you have the capacity to get as much lending as you want in the event that you need the lending and that means that you want to give them the highest income levels, numbers you can. Like if it's the W-2 income, you want to give them the gross income if that's what they're asking for, not the net income. For example, in any case, a mortgage calculator can show you the impact of different rates on your monthly payment.