Hey YouTube, SheaBear1000 here. What we're going to do today is we are going to put a set of brakes on this 2004 Toyota Tacoma, has 382,000 miles on it and it's still going, and several sets of brakes. We go through about a set of brakes a year. I know what you guys are thinking, well, we'll only go through about every three years. Well, that may be so guys, but the thing about that is, is how many miles do you actually put on it in those two to three years? Now this truck here, these glasses on, it gets what about 80,000 a year? Because I know we've been together a little over a year. We got together when I did her brakes is when we first really started getting serious last year in November of 2016. We put 80,000 miles on this together. So these brake pads right here, and they're the cheap ones, like the $20 ones, they they've got around 80,000 miles on them. That's pretty good for a set of brakes. Now this truck, by the way, too, when she goes to work, she don't go to work, clock in, be there eight hours, clock out and go home. This truck, from the time it leaves the driveway, it's rolling. I mean, she'll have a patient, she's got to travel just one way, 70, 80 miles. Well, that's 70, 80 miles back.  She'll do sometimes eight, nine a day. So this truck is constantly rolling. And plus, you know, our little adventures we take and everything. The car is still broke down. It is running. It does run. It'll sit and idle. It doesn't overheat. But if you drive it, it wants to overheat.  I'm going to try something on that. That's another video though. We'll do that together as well. But in the meantime, this is what we're doing today. We're doing the brake pads. These are easy.  If you don't know how to take a wheel and tire off, you shouldn't be messing with the brakes. I mean, that's just my opinion. I, you know, someday if you guys want, you know, give me a couple likes, mention it down below if you want to know how to change the tire in case you ever have a flat. I will do a video on that to show you guys that. But right now, this is what we're doing here. We're doing, we're doing, just doing the brake pads. Now, some tools you're going to need. You should have a seat clamp. There's a piston inside here. Now I did a video on a Buick, which is similar. It's all based on the same thing.  But you get the rough idea. It's basically, you know, it's on the same principle, I should say. There's piston in here and you put your, your clamp here and on the back of this and it pushes together and it squeezes that piston back in here. Because as your pads wear, that piston pushes back out.  So put a rag around it. That could happen.  I wasn't even up there. Now I got another problem. No, you don't. Just make sure don't get on your paint or anything like that. Make sure you got it. I got a little rag or paper up there or whatever, whatever you want to call it, napkin type thing. Just something to stop that from. And when you do that, squeeze them real slow. Now we don't have a seat clamp. I'll show you how to use this screwdriver right here. This old antique screwdriver. We're going to use this, okay, to push that piston back. Horse or brake pads. We're going to use those.  On this particular truck, there's a bolt here and a bolt here. Now this, it's, these are 17 millimeter. You can use a ratchet on the bottom, but you can't use a ratchet on the top because I don't know if you can see that. There's a brake line right here that gets in your way. So you need a wrench. Now most of my tools are in the trunk of the car, which is out in my shop right now. I'm not going to go clear out and get it. So what I'm using is 11 sixteenths. I did try it and it did break loose. So if you guys got to just be careful. Start slipping on you. Try to find somebody that does have a 17 millimeter. If you strip these out, they're a pain. They're pain in the butt to get out. So let's zoom in a little closer here and bring the remote out a little closer so you know what I'm talking about. Now this wheel is turned all the way to the right. This is the driver's side. Now some of them may be up front if they are and you're on driver's side turned it this way. What it does is give you more room to work here. Like I said, these are, these are really easy. So what we're going to do right now. So really, that's other than the jack in your four way or whatever you use, take your wheels and tires off. Really, that's only three tools you are going to need. Socket or you know, ratchet wrench. If you got the gear wrenches, you know, you can use on both of them. And yeah, it's best to use the seat clamps a lot easier, but I will show you how to do this, but you got to be real careful. This started grinding a little bit. They're not super bad yet, but they are down. And last year we did replace the rotors too. They're pretty pricey. You don't want to get into the rotor. So I wasn't planning on doing this or I would have gotten the tools, my other tools out out of the trunk of the car. So what we're going to do here is we're going to take them two bolts out and I'll show you how to push that piston back in. So use this on the bottom one. Now some of these you may be able to take one bolt out.  And this one you can do the same the same thing as well. What I'm going to do here is I'm going to take one pad out and I'll show you the difference in these pads. See if I can get you up close. This is the one we're taking off. Okay, I don't know if you can see the thickness of that and this is the one we're putting on. See the thickness, the difference in those. So yeah, these aren't really super bad yet but I can feel them. I knew they were getting low. So but that's all you would have to do one bolt. You take them out. But what we're going to do is I'm going to take this one out. They can be a little finicky because they have anti rattle springs in here. But it's no big deal. Just be careful not to score up your rotor too bad. There we're going to take this one out. Now you can see how thin this one is. You can't even see the line in the center hardly with that line out there rarely. But it feels pretty good. So I'm going to put this one. I just took it out just for a second to show you. Now see, I could have just put the new ones right back in.  The C clamp that I need.  So you can get in there and get some leverage. The reason why I did put I put that um see it's starting to go back in. I did put that pad in there because I did not want to score up the rotor real bad. This is not the right way to do it guys. But sometimes you got to do what you got to do, right? So let's try to get this pushed back in here and it is going. Um what I want to tell you guys is tomorrow night. New Year's Eve tomorrow night. What we're going to do for you guys. Sorry about that. We're going to go live and um we we want to bring the new year in with you guys. So tomorrow night and I'll see this in here. I'm between the piston and the brake shoe now or the brake pad. The shoes are on the back. But we're going to do a live feed for you guys tomorrow night bringing the new year at midnight.  So it's going back. It's a screwdriver. Like I said, it's a little now. Also, if you have a uh a tire iron, you know, it looks like a seven or an L shape. That's a lot better. It's a lot sturdier but I don't have it. Of course, it's in the trunk of the car too. So let's just keep just keep going with it and it will the piston will go back in and you'll know it. It'll be flush right down in here. I don't know if you can see that it will be flush. It'll be perfectly straight. So and this is actually a little long. I don't know if I got anything else. Let me run over here and check for you guys. Yeah, let me see. Try this. Whatever you can get to pry that over will work. Sometimes you just gotta think outside the box. This assists a little long. The fender's getting in my way. We'll just keep going this way. I had to buy a new jack because our other floor jack's in the trunk of the car. So that way we at least now we've got which I just bought one of them cheap. It was on sale. Got it for twenty-four. Save ten bucks on it. It advanced auto. Got it for twenty-five bucks. It was originally thirty-five. Okay, now this is all the way back. See how all the way back that is? That's and it was out. Be careful not to hurt this. This is just a dust boot, but what it also does is keep your piston from getting rust. If you get rust pits on that piston and you go to change the brake pads next time, there's a seal inside here. It's like a square o-ring type deal. When you go to push that piston back in, it'll score that seal and you could start leaking here. So be very careful when you do that. So let's get this brake pad back out of here. The new one goes in exactly the same. The curved part, where you got that? The curved part right here. See how it's curved? It goes back towards that way and this part comes out just like just follow the curvature of the rotor. Make sure you get it in anti-rattle springs. I know what some people are going to think is well, if you get the higher priced ones, they'll last longer. No, they won't because she always used the forty and fifty dollar brake pads and still a couple times she only got less than a year out of them. I like these mid-grades. They're cheap and they do last long and besides, I don't know if you guys noticed how most of the time you get those those expensive pads and what they'll do is they're so hard and they've got metal in them, they'll start squealing after a little bit. They'll start squeaking and there's nothing wrong with them. It just, you know, can't handle the brake dust whatnot. So get these on here. Like I said, they can be a little finicky. I can't really see, excuse my head but I've got to see where I'm going here with this one in the back. This one's not wanting to go. There we go. Make sure the bottom gets into. Like I said, just take your time. Any do it yourself or can do these. There we go. Just like that, okay. Brake job is pretty much done then you slide this back down. Make sure and boots get in there.   It's done. And these things, a lot of people use Never Seize on them. Good idea. Now that brake stuff they give you them little tubes. Do you want to, don't use that.   But yeah, if you want to put a little, but these are covered. The reason why I'm not doing it is these are all covered in rubber. So I don't have to worry about that. They're not going to seize up on me and besides I have them part once a year anyway. So they're not going to seize up in that time.  That's really, and to tighten these, they don't have to be super dynamic. Hit it. Hit a couple good wax. Same with this one. A couple good wax. And it's done. Now what I have here is this is the reason why I'm wearing gloves guys. You know I don't hardly ever wear gloves. But the reason why I did was because you don't want these brake pads dirty. So what I'm going to use, I'm going to spray this off and clean it. Let me grab something out of the truck here. I love this wireless mic. I can keep talking to you guys and keep rolling at the same time while you guys are checking things out. Now what I'm using here, it's not brake cleaner. See what I'm using? Gunk. Carburetor parts cleaner. It's on the same basis. It will clean that. It's fine. You can use this. It's no problem. The reason why I bought this was the other stuff was like five dollars a can, four fifty nine whatever it can. Of course they were a little bigger. But I bought this was because it was three ninety nine a can but it was buy one get one free. So I got two cans for four bucks and I can use it on this. And all you're going to want to do is spray it off. Get all that brake dust off there. I don't know if you can see it running down there or not. But spin it too while you're doing it. Same way at the back. Get all that brake dust off of there. Now I'm going to take this and just kind of hold it right there. Spin it. This stuff will evaporate fast. So let's not see all the dirt we've cleaned off of there. So same way with the back. Let's do the back here. Now you can do this as many times you want. I usually go through one can per side of regular brake fluid or brake cleaner. I'm sorry. But this stuff's pretty good. It's for carburetors. So I think one can will probably get me. But as you can see and just you know make sure it's clean.  I meant to put that under there. But all it is is brake dust. Well you think well my brakes are squealing. It's time for new brakes. When all they'll do they'll charge you for a complete brake job. But it's all they'll do.  Spin this around. Clean it up for you. And you go oh I got new brakes. Now unfortunately there are people like that out there. Now when you get done with this what you're going to want to do is set what we call set the brakes up. Because that fluid was pushed back in. Now what it's got to do is get the fluid back out. Now you do not have to bleed them if you do this. This way. Because you you didn't break anything loose. You didn't break the bleeder loose. You didn't break the line loose. So you're not going to have air in there. But you do want that piston coming back out.  Start your vehicle up. Pump the brake pedal four or five times until it feels good and hard again. And you're good to go. That's how you set them up. Because if you don't yeah your first initial push on that brake pedal is getting the fluid back down down to here. And which there are some there but it's got to push that piston back out to set itself. That's what we call you know set up the brakes. So it's going to feel like you have no brakes that will go almost clear to the floor. So don't be alarm. Pump it up a couple times. It will be fine. If it doesn't you have other problems. You gotta leak somewhere or whatnot. But that's how you do this.  I'm going to go over and do the other side. There's no sense in showing you twice. You get the idea. I'm going to do the other side. And I'll be back with you when I get the other side on. And I'll show you how to set the brakes up. How to pump the pedal. It's real simple easy to do. So I'll be right back with you guys. Stay with me. All right guys. Shave Bear 1000. We're back. What I want to show you is I'm going to show you how to set these brakes up. Okay. It's real simple. Now the brake job is done. I didn't put the other wheel on yet because I want to show you something. But it is done. Took me about I don't know five or ten minutes maybe. So I'm going to start the truck up. What you're going to want to do. Let's see how far down that pedal goes. It goes almost to the floor. Now let it back up. Do it again. Now you do this four or five times. And what that's doing is setting the brakes up. There we go. Now we're starting to get brakes. There we go. We got brakes now. Okay. Good. So we're all set. What I want to show you guys was what you can do. If you got wheels like this. If you look inside that wheel. That piece back in here. I don't know if you can see it. But that's your rotor. If you see any heavy grooving or like this. There's a sure sign your brakes may be getting low.  As opposed to the back. The back's a little more clean. Of course yeah the truck's dirty. But the front is more blackish. Maybe I can get a good view for you on this side. Okay yeah. Let's see if I can get you back here. I see the back and then the front. See how dark the front is. Okay that's brake dust. That could be a sign that you know it's time to change your brakes. But here's your rotor. Here's what I was talking about. Now you can see a couple little grooves here and you might be able to feel them. But if they're like this you're okay. It'll be fine. Now if they start getting in really deep then you're going to want to get a new rotor. Don't have it turned for the price. I don't even know if anyone turns them any more. I'm sure they do or mill them down whatever you prefer. They they will uh it's best just to get new ones and and put the new ones on now. These ones are a little bit harder. Because they're the old style where you got to actually take the uh you got to take these bolts out. You have to take this the caliper clear off and hang it somewhere. You got to take the caliper mount which is this piece. You got to take it clear off.   Then when you put it back on you got to preload that bearing. It's another if I ever have to take these off again or grease them I will show you how to do that. But since I didn't have to this time unfortunately I can't show you. But I can show you something else that um this thing creaks and groans and I think this is a lot of where it's coming from. See this side this bushing right here. Um right there there's a bushing inside there. This is steel goes around the rubber bushing. This is what you call a sway bar or stabilizer bar. Now as you can see this one see that's the rubber coming out. What happened is it swelled up. There's a there was a leak here. Maybe a power steering fluid or transmission fluid. I can't remember now what it was. But that oil gets on these right here. Oops right here and it swallows them up and pushes them out. Now what this does is is when you're going down the road and you go around the turn it keeps your your vehicle from leaning too far and it just feels real funny. It keeps it more stable and um we do need to get alignment pulls a little to the right but I'm pretty sure they will not align it line it up until I get that fixed because anytime you do front end work like that ball joints anything like that you should have it lined up once you're done. Have it put back in line so but anyway guys there's there's a great job um this is what I was talking about take your cap off and when you're done of course look down in there make sure it's full. See it was a little lower but when I pushed that like if you just topped it off and then realized your brakes were bad well yeah you're going to have some squirting out there. I didn't I was fortunate enough last time I checked it when I seen the brake fluid was getting a little low wasn't low low but it was lower than normal I knew it was about time and then we started feeling them I'm trained for all that you know SE certified so but so I knew it was about time so that's why I did not top it off because I knew it wasn't leaking and I knew I was going to have to push the pistons back in one new sense I'm wasting. Yes this engine is very dirty the engine compartment is but we take it muddin she's off road all the time going to patience um but yes it does need clean but anyway guys um that's how you do a front brake job on Toyota Tacoma now they are like I say the same general principle they're on the same basis um if you do one you can pretty much do pretty much any of them now you start getting Volkswagen BMWs Subaru's that are a little different and they could be a little more complicated but in this case it's all pretty much the same you got a truck like this old car like this um you know you can do it I you know I would feel comfortable telling you if you if you're a do-it-yourselfer and you can if you can change an alternator you can definitely change brake pads and you probably have before but these this video is is a kind of a how-to on for the people that don't know but they're they're comfortable doing it if you don't feel comfortable by no means don't do it and but by all means get a friend to help you there's no sense in paying over a hundred dollars guys let me turn you around here um to take it to a shop and let them do your brakes if you can do it because the total start to finish if if I had to see clamps um jacking up pulling the wheels and everything I can do this in 20 minutes both sides and that's another thing too guys I want to let you know uh the brake pads when you buy them they come in four there's four of them in there and there's a reason for that don't say well I can't afford to do both sides yeah you can because you get them for both sides so do them both please there shouldn't be any reason why you you only do one side at a time don't do that it's it's not good you're just going to have to do it again you're going to cause more damage and more money later on but like I said any questions on any any um auto tech questions or anything like that you guys may have comment below in one of my videos uh you know I'll get back to you as quick as I can and maybe we can work together and help you solve your issue um the you know there's all kinds of things that we can do ourselves is people look you know they look under the hood at this and go oh my god where do I start you know what's this what's that you know which is understandable but if you know what the problem is then you can then you can fix it google it ask me uh youtube it youtube it you know I gotta check in late on and I had the code scan and it says it's an o2 sensor where's that at it's in your exhaust pipe okay find it some of them have five six of them it just all depends on the vehicle find it youtube it google it do your research because it's it's kind of like changing the spark plug if you can do that you can change an o2 sensor uh but some vehicles you cannot reset the code which yes you should I know in check engine light you go yeah I know what that is my gas cap's bad but if that's case what if something else is going wrong and you don't know it because you know it threw another code but your check engine lights still on you won't know so it's always good to try to uh try to try to to fix the problem if you can understand sometimes you can't and you know there's no harm in that just if you can try to get it checked especially if it's your only vehicle in cases like that also this one yes it does have a check engine light on and yes I do run the codes frequently but the reason why it has a check engine light on is because someone had what they called bypass the catalytic converter because I guess it was clogging or something it's still on here but what they did was run a pipe down into it so of course that's going to change you know the gases the exhaust and everything that's coming out to the O2 sensor so yeah it's going to throw a code because it's not getting the right reading but I know what that is but I still periodically check the codes to make sure it didn't throw another one that something is going bad uh and you're not knowing then later on go well damn if I had spent 50 bucks it wouldn't cost me 250 now and sometimes it's hard to do you can't you know I mean we just got lucky that you know this happened on you know pay weekend so you know so we got lucky because if we'd have waited until next week we would have been buying rotors again but anyway guys I want to say thanks for watching remember tomorrow night hopefully I can get this up today or tonight for you but New Year's Eve 2017 which is tomorrow night if you want join us we're going to we're going to go live maybe about uh 11 50 p.m so that way we can bring the new year in with you guys she got a couple party favors you know there are things you blow through little hats and stuff so it's going to be fun but we want to spend it with you this year we're going to do live feed for y'all so without being set all also I I've got to take this off this before I forget this thing's all busted the bug shield or whatever you want to call it now there's only a couple screws across here they're full up screws I got to take that off what happened to that's an amazing story that um I hit the record button before we got together she was going down the highway and a wheel or tire came off the back of a truck or car and hit that jumped up hit the roof and the windshield and that's all it broke she got lucky it's anyway guys again thanks for watching hope this helped uh any questions technical questions let me know if I don't know right off hand I'll google it for you I'll search it we'll do our research together whatever just to help you guys out and help me out maybe I'll learn something if you've got a question that I've never run into before love to help love to research things like that and we both learn and we help each other so that being said again thanks for watching guys monkey's in the house she's running around doing laundry and stuff like that so all right guys I just want to say um happy new year to you uh whoever um is watching live feed we'll talk to you then if not we'll see you in the next video all right guys well that being said Bruno's out back he's tied up he's going ape crepe all right guys uh shea bear 1000 I'm gone bye bye guys thanks


You're not the same person I thought I knew you've changed. Let's end this. He hurled these painful words to me one day The words were a weapon that ground me to dust the love of my three-year-long relationship was suddenly nothing but ashes One short breath could make it disappear. I Could hear my heart breaking my emotions were turning switching from pleading for answers Why can't he try harder to make our relationship work to the anger of betrayal that jerk? He should be more understanding crying used to be a healthy Occasional cleansing release for me, but now it had become an unwanted habit for me day by day I was imprisoned in the darkest corner of my mind My daily routine consisted of lying in bed the whole day filled with endless mindless scrolling through social media Every time I would happen upon photos of my friends with their significant others. I'd find myself crying again. I Felt changed Instead of being happy for them like I was before I felt envious. I couldn't help but think maybe I did change Maybe it's true that it's my fault our relationship ended. I Understood I needed help and sought therapy, which was good, but it wasn't enough So I turned to my closest friends for support Yes, those same friends. I found myself envying Then came the wave of guilt. I cleared all of my friends from my social media I removed myself from my closest friends chat group the envy that built up inside of me made me feel Unworthy of my friends love. I felt I was a burden One of them seemed to confirm this thought when she said you're not trying hard enough not to be depressed You're just draining the life out of our friend group. Just snap out of it. I Lashed out when she said that I even turned down each of my friends who reached out to me I was crushed by yet another wave of sadness. I Found myself being stuck in a vicious loop of sadness anger and guilt and feeling unworthy of love I isolated myself from the world Even though I was the one who turned them away It felt like all my closest friends distance themselves from me I began to really believe that I was a burden that I had become the person who leeches from everyone for attention I felt like I was some ego maniacal lost cause Whom everyone had left because of this awful change Then one day my therapist told me something that switched some sort of release in me They said the constant fact in life is change This nudged me to think of my situation from a different perspective Maybe instead of this being an ending with nowhere to go This was a turning point in my life Perhaps this lowest point is a stepping stone to change a change for the better Depression puts you through a dark and lonely journey To those who have lost all their emotional support to those who are still battling depression To those who feel like life is meaningless I want you to know that you're not alone and you deserve to be loved and cherished You are not a burden. You are not a mistake. You are important


So even though Descartes and Fermat were, in many senses, rivals, one result of their rivalry is a powerful method of solving many different types of problems by shifting between an algebraic and a geometric viewpoint. So let's take care of the easy cases first. We have the following result. Every linear equation in two variables corresponds to the graph of a straight line, and every straight line corresponds to a linear equation in two variables. So the problem is, given a line, how do we find its equation? Well, let's start off with a couple of simple cases. Let's find the equations for the vertical and horizontal lines through the point 5-3. So we know that the graph of x equals h is a vertical line through the point hk. So if we compare this result, then we might say that the vertical line through 5-3 has equation x equal to 5. Likewise, we know that the graph of y equals k is a horizontal line through hk. And so comparing our result, we might conclude that the horizontal line through 5-3 has the equation y equals 3. What if our line isn't vertical or horizontal? To write the equation of any other line, we'll rely on a useful property. The slope of a line is the same regardless of which points on the line are used to calculate it. So how can we use this result? Well, let's try to write the equation of a line through the points 2, 5, and 1-3. So remember, the slope of a line is the same regardless of which points on the line are used to calculate it. So we want to find an equation involving the coordinates x, y of any point on the line. So one thing we might note is that the slope between the point 2, 5, and x, y will be the difference in the y values, y minus 5, over the difference in the x values, x minus 2. Well, what about the slope between the point 1, 3, and x, y? So I can calculate that slope as well. And at this point, something that Descartes said is very useful to keep in mind. Any time we get two different expressions for the same thing, we can put them together to form an equation. So here we have an expression for the slope. Here we have an expression for the slope. Our theorem says that the slopes should be the same because therefore points on the same line. And so I can put the two expressions equal to each other and get an equation for the line. And again, if you're a politician, you can say, I've done something so I've solved the problem. But if you're a good human being or a mathematician, you might look at this and say, you know, while this is the equation of a line, it's not obviously a linear equation. And so the important question to ask is, can we do better? Well, let's think about that. Suppose a line passes between two known points. Then the slope of the line can be determined by formula. Since the slope of any two points is the same, then if x, y is any other point of the line, we have to have the slope between x, y and x1, y1 has to be equal to m. And so this gives us an equation and we can rearrange our terms slightly. We'll multiply both sides by the denominator x minus x1 to get rid of the fraction. And then we'll add y1, so we have the equation solved for the variable y. And this gives us what's known as the point-slope form of a line. The equation of the line through x1, y1 with slope m is y equals m times x minus x1 plus y1. A useful way to remember this is that it's y equals slope times x minus the x value plus the y value. So let's try to find the equation of the line through the points 2, 5 and 1, 3, and then determine if the point 3, 8 is on the line. So first we'll calculate the slope of the line, which works out to be 2. Now we can write the point-slope form of the line. We need to know the slope, got it, and we need to know a point on the line. And we can use either point. If we use the point 2, 5, we can substitute in our m, x1, and y1 values to obtain the equation of the line in point-slope form. So a good organization is important, and we might want to say that we're writing the equation of the line with slope m equals 2 through the point 2, 5. And we can write that equation as y equals slope times x minus the x coordinate plus the y coordinate. How can we determine if 3, 8 is on the line? So remember that every point on the line must satisfy the equation of the line, and any point that fails to satisfy the equation of the line is not on the line. So we'll see if 3, 8 satisfies the equation of the line. Substituting x equals 3, y equals 8 into our equation, and this statement is false, and since our statement is false, then 3, 8 is not on the line. Or let's take another example to find the equation of the line through the points 5, 3, and 8, 3. So first, we'll find the slope between the two points, which works out to be 0. So if we want to put our equation in point-slope form, we can use either point. So using 5, 3 as our point, we obtain y equals, and we can do a little bit of simplification here. This 0 times x minus 5 can be dropped out entirely, giving us our final equation, y equals 3. There's actually a better solution. Unfortunately, it's easier. And while you might not want to do things the easy way, while you might insist on doing things the hard way, every now and then it's important to do things the easy way. So in particular, once we know the slope is m equals 0, then we know the line is horizontal, because the slope of a horizontal line is 0. But we know how to write the equation of a horizontal line. The graph of y equals k is a horizontal line through the point hk. Well, we do have to be a little bit careful. There are two points given here. So let's think about that. If we use the point 5, 3, we get the equation y equals 3. But what if we use the point 8, 3? Well, if we use the point 8, 3, we get the equation y equals 3. So maybe it doesn't actually matter which point we use. The importance of doing things the easy way once in a while is that sometimes you have to do things the easy way. So let's try to write the equation of this line. So we can calculate the slope of the line through the points, except we can't because our denominator is 0 and our slope is undefined. And since the slope is undefined, we can't use the point slope form of the line. So we should consider what we know about lines with undefined slope. And what we know is that vertical lines have undefined slope. So since the slope is undefined, we know the line is vertical. Well, we do have an easy way of writing the equation for a vertical line. The graph of x equals h is a vertical line through hk. And again, we should be careful about which point we use. If we use the point 3, 5, we get the equation x equals 3. But if we use the point 3, 8, we get the equation x equals 3. Maybe we don't have to be too careful about the point. So since the slope is undefined, this means the line is vertical, so its equation is x equal to 3.


Hello, traders at CMC Markets. Welcome to a new update by RRG Research for Monday, the 7th of August and I'm recording this on Friday the 4th in the morning. My name is Julius de Campanare and I'm presenting to you from Amsterdam in the Netherlands. As usual, I will start with an overview of the rotation in world stock markets and the RRG on the screen shows you the rotations on a weekly scale for this group of stock markets. And what you can see is that inside the leading quadrant and New York Fang moving into weakening are the markets that have been leading over the last few months and they are now going through a bit of a setback where they are losing relative momentum. So that's the Nifty, in India, the S&P, the Nikkei, the NASDAQ and of course the New York Fang index. On the other hand, we have the group that has been lagging and in a way still is because they're on the left hand side and that means that they're in relative downtrends and if you're on the right it means you're in a relative uptrend but you can see that the tails are starting to pick up at least a little bit of relative momentum. So the comparison between the group on the right hand side and the group on the left hand side is that the tails are moving in opposite directions and that suggests that there is some sort of a rotation going on under the hood, moving out of the leaders of recent times and moving into the laggards of recent times. That is the bigger picture on the weekly scale. If you look at the daily version of this RRG you can see it in a little bit more pronounced way and what I'm trying to do to find trading opportunities is to see if I can find tails that are moving in opposite directions because if they're moving in opposite directions that gives us a trading opportunity to play pair trading ideas. So the ones that I want to pick out here are two and the first one is the US versus Europe and I'm going to use the S&P and the Stocks Index. So what you see here is that the S&P has been rotating through weakening and moving back up towards the leading quadrant and on the other side we have the Stocks Index, the SXXP and you can see how that has moved through improving and now starts to roll over. That suggests that there is a rotation out of Europe into the US ongoing so that could give us a nice trading opportunity. The other one that seems interesting is the one between the Hang Seng Index. It looks like a very long tail moving into the leading quadrant versus the Nifty Index and we all know that the Nifty has been doing really really well over the last few weeks, months and it's now moving into the lagg and quadrant from weakening and if you look at that rotation over time you can see how the Hang Seng is powering further into that northeastern direction whereas the Nifty has rolled over and is now moving into the lagg and quadrant. So I want to put these two against each other, look at the individual charts and see if we have some trading opportunities there. If you look at the bigger picture of all these world markets against or in price terms, not in relative terms but in price terms, you can see that they're all on the right-hand side which means that they're all in uptrends, not relative uptrends but uptrends in terms of price but you can also see that they're all losing momentum. So the bigger picture if you put it into perspective all these world stock market indexes are still in price uptrends but they're going through a little bit of a setback. Now back to our trading opportunities. If we start with the S&P 500 you can see how recently weakness has sneaked in. We broke the trend line, we broke support and it looks as if we're on the way to the next support level around 44.50 and potentially even further to 43.20, 43.30. More importantly, and that's what I'm looking at, is the relative strength of the S&P versus the equity, that's the MSCI World All Country Index. And you can see how recently that artist momentum line has started to pick up indicating that the US is improving and it's now starting to take its effect on the RS ratio line which seems to be bottoming against the 100 level. If we put that against the move that we see in the stock index in Europe you can see how the stock index did not manage to pass its resistance level just like the S&P. In other words, dropping back inside that color range there's room for downside towards for 44.45 in the stock index but more importantly the RRG lines are starting to roll over. It's pretty early but you can see how the green RS momentum line has started to put in a new peak without the RS ratio hitting above the 100 level and that's pretty crucial. So this suggests that a new down lag in the already declining relative trend versus the equity index is about to begin and that's when it's rolling over inside the improving quadrant and moving back down to lagging without hitting the leading quadrant and that's what's going on here. And that's what makes the spread the offset between the US and Europe at this point in time probably an interesting opportunity. Something similar is happening in Asia where we have the Hang Seng Index which has been an underperform for a very long time. You can see how the RS ratio line dropped below 100 back in February and it remained there until very recently. The green RS momentum line has has oscillated around 100 and what that causes is rotations on the left hand side. So what you've seen is the Hang Seng Index moving from lagging into improving back to lagging back to improving back to lagging completely continuously completing rotations on the left hand side that's what happened over these months. And right now you can see how the RS ratio line is pushing back above 100 pushing the Hang Seng Index into the leading quadrant. If you look at the price chart maybe not so interesting yet because there's quite a bit of overhead resistance but from a relative perspective definitely one of the better markets at the moment. And if you compare that with the Indian Nifty 50 index you can see how that look at the difference between those charts Hang Seng down and then more sideways. Nifty pretty much all the way up. So that's a very clear difference that's why the Nifty was leading and right now that pattern seems to be changing. Look at the move of those RRG lines. The RS momentum line already dropped below 100 a couple of weeks ago and you can see how it's now dragging the RS ratio line down as well. The price is hovering just above a double support level around 19,300. When that gives way I think that we'll be looking at levels below 19,000 for the Nifty 50 somewhere like 18,900. But the most important takeaway is the relative weakness for India and the relative strength for the Hang Seng which gives you a trading opportunity. Now let's zoom in to some individual stock market, individual stock rotations inside the New York Fang Index. Here's the weekly RRG for this universe and you can see the dominance on the left hand side so most of them are on the left hand side in relative downtrends versus the New York Fang Index and that means that it was carried or it's driven by the moves of Tesla, Meta and Nvidia. But here also you can see some of the rotations that are ongoing and most importantly I think or the ones that that have my attention are the moves for Nvidia which is inside leading but hooking shortly back down and the move of Meta which is inside the weakening quadrant but starting to pick up relative momentum quite quickly over the last few weeks. This is a weekly RRG and then you can see AMD moving into the lagging quadrant. That's not good and Netflix picking up. For trading opportunities I'm always looking to see if I can find alignment between the daily and the weekly so if you obviously you want you want them to move in opposite directions because that's where that's where the spread is coming in that's where your potential to generate alpha is coming in but when you can find an alignment between the weekly rotations and the daily rotations that gives you more confidence gives you more strength of the move and the ones that I want to point out here is especially the move between Meta and Nvidia because when we look at the daily RRG and you look at the moves of Meta and Nvidia they're pretty much on the same path and this is a daily RRG. The previous one was a weekly so you can see how the weekly improvement of Meta has translated in Meta moving into the week into the leading quadrant on the daily RRG whereas the weakening rotation of Nvidia on the weekly has translated into a move of Nvidia into the weakening quadrant and you can see how the arrows how the tails are moving in opposite directions very clearly showing how the spread between Meta and Nvidia is going. So if we look at the individual charts and let's start with Nvidia then obviously that chart is still there's no problem with that at all it's still a very good stock for the long term. We all know that big gap that's a very strong support area but we can also see that the recent trend channel that has emerged after that gap now is broken so that little trend line is broken but more importantly is broken below its previous low so it looks as if we got a new series of lower highs and lower lows ongoing and that's confirmed by the rollover of the RRG lines which are now pointing lower the RS momentum line is already below 100 and it's starting to drag or roll over the RS ratio line so that suggests an upcoming weakness under performance of Nvidia versus the New York Fang index and then we've got Meta on the other side which by the way look at this trend channel this is a very regular nice good strong trend channel so there's nothing wrong with that but within the channel there's definitely room for some downside from a price perspective look at the relative here look at the RRG lines and compare that to the ones in Nvidia we saw Nvidia rolling over and here you see the opposite you see Meta on a relative basis starting to pick up strength it's all it was already in a relative up trying to pick it up we went through a bit of a setback through the weakening quadrant when the RS momentum line dropped below 100 but that's now going back up and now both RRG lines are back above 100 pushing upward so despite the fact that there is downside potential in terms of price from a relative perspective Meta is expected to do pretty well against the New York Fang index where Nvidia is expected to do less well versus the New York Fang index and look at the you know the rotation here the price price move lower highs lower lows and how Meta is still in that rhythm of higher highs higher lows so that's a pretty good example of opposite rotations on the RRG which are confirmed on the price chart and an alignment of the weekly and the daily tails that's also a pretty significant addition contribution to the strength of Meta and the weakness of Nvidia and the last one is one more stock that I want to put your attention to and that's because it's also look at Microsoft here on that weekly tail moving into the lagging quadrant or further into the lagging quadrant I've got to say and here is the daily tail and here you can see how Microsoft has rotated through improving and now back down to lagging and we all know that those rotations are the strongest those are the most reliable rotations where a tail goes from lagging into improving and then back down to lagging because it means that you're already in a relative downtrend and you're starting a new downward lag inside that trend if we look at the price chart of Microsoft and we see why that is we can see how that relative downtrend from Microsoft already started back in May we picked up so we went into improving back in June when the RS momentum line moved above 100 we shaved 100 once again and we're now clearly below it and now once again both our G lines are below 100 and the RS ratio has put in a high below 100 and that's causing that rotation inside the we the improving quadrant but now back down and this is pushing Microsoft further into the lagging quadrant and we got a very good confirmation from a price perspective where Microsoft is now dropping below support that has formed over the last since June one two three touch points on that horizontal level and it's now getting broken so that's suggesting an acceleration lower for Microsoft in the coming weeks making it one of the weaker stocks inside that New York Fang index universe and that wraps it up for this week thank you for watching and I hope you enjoyed it I'm looking forward to seeing you again next week at a new update by ROG research same time same place