Okay, fine. All right. Oops, wrong one. Okay. And we're live. I have no clue if there's anybody actually watching this or not. So if we get some yeas or nays in the audio, that'd be great if there is actually anybody watching. I don't see anybody in chat yet. Um, this is me speaking some words as such as they are. Voice isn't there a hundred percent, but we're getting there. Uh, Steve's working on it. Steve and Josh, you guys could say some words. Saying words, uh, if you just to clarify for everybody here, the reason why my background is dark is because I'm using all laptop batteries right now to power my set up and everything's giving me an ETA of four hours before I run out of power. So I think we're good enough for the podcast. Hopefully. Steve, some some words. Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious. He always goes with Mary Poppins. I love that word. I don't know why. You ever watched Chitty Chitty Bang Bang? Yes, of course. That's a good movie. You should watch it. If you, the viewers have not seen Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, you should go back and watch Chitty Chitty Bang Bang and then watch some Herbie after it. Oh Herbie's the the Volkswagen Beetle that's alive, right? Yes. Yeah, and yeah, that's really old. All right Welcome to the stream everybody Uh As you can tell I am still not 100% we're getting there. Um, just before we get started I will say that hopefully this week I'll be coming up with some videos So the see if I can salvage the channel Because man does youtube not like you to take two weeks off It really really don't Steve could be louder. I can't make Steve louder. Steve, can you make yourself louder? Can I make myself louder? Yes. Just like just a smidge You sound fine to me, but who knows how it goes? Raise the microphone like two inches Okay, is that better guys? It sounds exactly the same Make your microphone and physically move it up Is that better guys? Oh gorgeous. There you go. Yeah. Yeah, you see what it is that your microphone? Uh May pull out my sample microphone Your microphone doesn't detect off the top here. It detects off the side So yeah, it's it's a condenser. Yeah Yes I keep forgetting that sorry now we're going to get a whole bunch of plosives. It's going to be great All right We're going to go ahead and get started. It's a little bit early But I don't also I can I can hit record though Um, when I say you can chill chill, man. Sorry. Okay. All right. All right. Let's see. I need to go to the right workspace All right. Now I'm going to hit record In audacity I'm going to hit record in obs and you guys can get recording as well Okay, recording excellent. Uh, I see waveforms, which means that it's working. Yeah Mine appears to be working as well, which is good Steve you can lead us off on the claps, which we will no doubt Not be any by the way last week it was Highly entertaining watching you guys try to get the glass right. This is very good All right. Anyway, Steve on on on the on the three three two one Why are you so fast, man? All right, I'm sure I'm sure that it wasn't anywhere close All right, we are bad at claps It's fine. We're perfect at it. All right We're talking to the guy who is from a country who split between two time zones in the same country and the entire country makes half a state in the u.s You guys can't agree on anything. Can you all right?  Welcome to the Linux cast. I'm your host matt And I'm Josh Now I'm Steve oh Yeah, I didn't really Prepare us at all for that, but that's okay. Uh, yes, I am back I would say and better than ever, but definitely not better than ever if you guys see me Scratch in my nose. I had the itchiest nose right now. It's the stupidest thing Sorry, I'm also going to be coughing through half of this and then obviously my voice isn't still there, but anyways This is the Linux cast we talked about Linuxy things um, I'm Obviously, there's some things going on in my channel lately. That's not great because I've been sick Hopefully things will return to normal once, you know, I'm actually, you know, healthy again Well, we'll uh, see when that happens when the boss is out the children play Yeah, by the way, thanks. Thanks to the three of you guys for doing the podcast last week. That was wonderful You guys did a fantastic job Um, you gotta do you guys did a did a great job. Appreciate that It's nice to know that I can take a week off if I have to and you guys can carry on without me So anyways before we jump into the news, which is what we usually do We're going to talk about what we've done this week in open source and stuff like that So, uh, Steve, why don't you lead us off? What have you done this week in open source? I've been working on zero Linux and on something behind the scenes that josh will not say anything about Okay Okay Working on something behind the scenes Trying to get to adapt to the new Power schedule, which is completely random We get power I said on the computer work for as long as we have it then it goes then I turn everything off everything back on everything back off That's uh, that was my week in uh an open source other than that. I've been reading a lot And watching a lot of youtube Yeah, all right I'm really curious as to what's you're working on and you know, that's so secretive, but you'll have to tell me later I'll be honest. He probably said it out of his show earlier where I was half asleep washing the thing So I have no idea You have no idea. Yeah, you said it on the stream, but okay Oh, I said, I don't even know what I said Josh, what do you remember? What have you been up to this week in fos? Well, you know since uh, my my venerable 5700 x t has died I've been stuck with this arc gpu using it and uh making the 6.2 kernel work for me And I have an update on the arc gpu adventures for you guys Currently our distro choice has been fedora silver blue 38, which hopefully does not break on me Even though I have already broken it three times, but we'll talk about that later Uh, running the 6.2.7 kernel mesa 23 and gnome 44 Uh, just just in the event that you guys are going to buy an arc gpu and install and run it Fedora right now is the best out-of-the-box distro that actually works with it besides arch linux, which don't even try Uh, but for the most part xorg session hardlocks completely You you can restart your display manager service to see if you could get it to work But it didn't work for me. So I had to bust out login ct on kill the user session the old fashioned way Uh, waylin works far Far better on an arc gpu than xorg does it actually works Uh in terms of video games, uh, doom eternal is a pixelated mess for me I still trying to figure out what's going on with it, but it's been most mostly no go Near automata Works perfectly fine. Uh, there does seem to be some frame hitching Uh, world warcraft both classic and retail works perfectly fine monster hunter rise I was I wasn't able to get the gameplay, but it did compile shaders So I need to figure out what's going on with that. I have not tested world at all Now in the realms of the not gaming and actual productive things Uh OBS studio open shot and kaden live all do pick up the hardware x264 encoder that Handbrake for some reason does not Uh, and then for the av1 encoder, there is no graphical software that supports it yet and ffmpeg Scripting is still black magic to me But I'm working on it because it does look like the that the av1 encoder is picked up by the intel media driver that fedora is shipping So it should theoretically work as soon as I figure out how to script ffmpeg Uh blender runs like absolute garbage We are currently working on 17 separate bug reports that we're going to be reporting to fedora Who's just going to tell me to take things upstream anyway What I don't I don't understand why anybody would buy an arc gpu at this point. This doesn't seem like anything's ready Uh, it's something brand new. That's it. It always happens It just Doesn't make it always by a generation behind not a generation ahead if you're gonna buy something Uh, well, you see this is what I happen to have And I bought it just so I could do stuff like this Yeah, you're weird. So it's working as intended All right, so for me personally, I did absolutely nothing this week in terms of open source and linux or anything like that There there have been days where I haven't even turned my computer on which is just kind of the way things have gone So, uh, hopefully next week. I'll have some more interesting things to say, but I can say that I'm still on redcore Um, and it still works just as well as it has been Uh, I haven't I've been doing the updates and stuff and Compiling things left and right when I've been you know installing stuff Uh, yeah, I'm working on getting neomut and all that stuff set so I could switch away from thunderbird and all those, uh Dependencies have been fun. So that that's that's I guess that's something that I did um other than that I haven't been doing much redcore still here and uh I'm like a month and Three weeks into the challenge now or so so Yeah, I think I'm gonna I think I'm gonna make it but we'll see and uh, still kaywin is uh, it's still a Um, uh Crappy mess. What do you mean? It looks far better than stdm does.  Uh, uh, even after releasing the new zero linux Uh, people have been reporting, uh issues with wake up and sleep on xorg. So, yeah I Plasma is one of those things where I always want to use it because it's really good But it's just it's too buggy and I'm never gonna be able to use it. So I've stopped trying at this point. I've just I've stopped trying Uh, I'm They gave me another reason never to buy a laptop Um, well, yeah, uh, I have uh I've been using q-tile. I'm happy there for now. I've been using gnome Your band off the podcast dude. You can't do that All right. Anyways, let's go ahead move on to the first News item of the week. Let's go ahead and have uh, steve your first one My first one is going to be the best one of the two that I selected and it's nvidia530.41.03 linux driver released with ibt kernel support Vulkan video and better support for xfce for some reason Didn't know if the wasn't well supported by the driver, but whatever Uh So, uh Just bug fixes and open gl compositing and gsync enabling suspend and resume support when making use of nvidia gpu system processor gsp firmware fixing prime render offload issues for wayland apps and amd igpu Uh nvidia installer fixes and nvidia vulkan video extensions And various other bug fixes. It's a bug fix release That has better support for xfce I'm like, huh But anyway, I built the drivers. I tested them and they were just fine and Yeah, I did notice a little bit, uh, better performance when it comes to, uh, gaming because i'm i've been playing god of war on on the system I will refuse. I still refuse to run it on steam deck Uh, but yeah, it runs much smoother less hiccups. Uh, and yeah So, uh, it's a it's a nice to see that They're releasing a new new driver versions much more often nowadays uh than before and Yeah, when it when it comes to the h264 encoder video decode It made obs much better so There's that for other than that. It's just a bug fix release and quality of life Things Yeah, there you go ibt is actually pretty interesting because that means that that nvidia might be signing their drivers a little bit sooner for like newer versions of the kernel maybe Yeah, that's what I thought too their track ibt would suggest that tracking off the mainline branch of the kernel Which is the development branch So that should mean that on your arch Linux systems the your kernel should be able to install and Install the dkms package a little bit more reliably, which I know is an issue on arch Not an issue. No, it has never been an issue for me, but uh, there's another thing you you lost over that is uh interesting is uh That it's on the kernel they're working on the uh development branch of the kernel And something happened which reminds me I know it's not directly related to that, but it reminded me that mesa recently shipped Got updated to arch shipped mesa 23.0 recently on arch which made Laptop owners lives miserable. Yeah, not everyone a lot of laptop owners lives miserable because they ended up Not being either not being able to log on to the To the desktop or getting just a black screen with a cursor Or lags taking for like five to 15 minutes for for the desktop to show So I had to tell everyone to roll back to the previous version which Weird on arch is 22.3.6. Whereas the actual previous version is 20 22.3.7 But for some reason on arch is no longer there So they go back want two versions behind But at least it's more stable on 22.3.6 Because I guess something happened I watched the video I glanced over a video by Brody which said that something happened with asahi Manjaro shipping Deciding to merge asahi code that was not meant for public for the public it was meant for arm and Uh, it was not production ready. It was just a test and someone on the arch end Merging it completely merging it without testing. Yeah, thanks. Thanks stritt Yeah So he merged it to to the upstream without even testing it All laptop users are suffering desktop users. No problem You'll notice a little hiccup here and there but no no big issues But laptop users.  But yeah, that's it's related to gpu stuff. But yeah, there's that too Our lives were uh as maintainers was made better So, yeah, that's the gpu news All right, let's go ahead and uh, josh your first one Okay, so my first article is going to be a banger and that is gnome 44 has been released and still not updated on arch linux Because you know arch linux likes it likes to track known behind schedule unlike what people say that arch Linux is great for Getting the latest greatest software. So as a result, I'm I'm sitting here running fedora But anyways, uh gnome 44 releases where the where mutter has completely dropped Uh gtk3 entirely the so basically your entire desktop environment is now basically gtk4 except for Two or three apps at this point like fundamental apps like gnome tweaks and uh boxes and something else extension manager, uh If you've used a gnome file picker in the past, you know that it does not that it did not support thumbnails before Uh now it does and if you want an explanation as to why it took so long Brodie roberton has an amazing video explaining why it took them 15 years to fix that 18 18 18 years so it's been a long time. Uh the gnome settings app has been has been uh updated with with like an actual Well a bunch of features actually But it can it'll actually show you security status as well in tpm status as well Uh the file picker you get the tree or not the file picker But the file manager not a list you can get a tree view back if you want it. Uh, there's been some Uh changes to like the mouse and touchpad changes I actually haven't looked at that because I use the desktop my mouse works. So I haven't even looked at it There's another thing for the background when you get to the background apps in the quick settings You shall talk about that Actually, I was going to be getting there after I talked about the sound menu because the sound menu is buggy as crap And it's uh, but it is a massive improvement over what it was But it is it is a little buggy because for some reason What's it do tell me that some of my sound devices do exist But they have no volume whatsoever until I jump to another another device and then jump back Which uh, you know when I'm running, uh three displays that have like, uh on board sound, uh an audio mixer a And uh, you know a set of usb speakers. I have something like, uh Eight, uh audio devices which cause a little bit of a bit of hell And that's why I typically just you know use a wire plumber.com file to manage my audio devices because it worked a little bit more lively that way But uh gnome software vastly improved it's actually somewhat functional nowadays You can actually use it without having to uh pkill and relaunch it if you actually wanted to use it at all Or just give up entirely and use the terminal like a smart person Uh, and then the quick the quick setting the quick settings have been further refined with all that other stuff including a Terrible attempt at a trait at a built-in tray menu displaying all your background apps Which if you're using a gnome application works perfectly fine if you're using something else not so much And I'm sure that steve has plenty to say about that Correct and another issue with that is the fact that Icons are just there you can't do anything with them You cannot you can only close them click the x button and close them Beyond that what what we used to have in the tray icons click the icon and have options for each background app running app Now all that's gone. All you get is a close button. That's it Uh, that's a half-assed Uh new feature, uh, they shouldn't have included it until they Completely finished it. It's an unfinished product. They shouldn't have included it in this release of uh gnome Because it's it's just a visual I guess they they only shipped it because it's a visual confirmation that you have uh gnome apps running in the background Well, let me raise a counterpoint to you Would you rather than ship something just to like get opinions on it just like that? Or just ship nothing at all and continue to have everybody complain about the lack of if you think about it that way your argument holds water Yes, it's just to show people that they're working on it. It's a confirmation So what you're saying is that gnome is a an experimental desktop environment They use their their users as guinea pigs to test things that they aren't really ready yet in the history of gnome The the even numbered releases are typically what what they treat as like their user feedback Refinement releases. So a lot of this stuff has actually been community requested that they that they added and changed Whereas when when you use the odd number releases, that's typically where most of your development is actually going to happen in gnome for example with uh the But of course right now they're it's a bit weird right now because they're transitioning everything to gtk4 stack Which brings me to another subject josh Yeah is Okay, their in-house applications are gtk4 but everything every other gtk application is still gtk3 Is not tied directly to gnome now It's never it's never been that way mean no It's uh, no, i'm not saying it has always but I'm saying all i'm saying is People when people download a gtk application. It's not Going to be a hundred percent gtk4 It they should expect that the vast majority of gtk applications to still be on gtk3 Because they're not tied to gnome Direct well, how long has gtk4 been out now and how many of those gtk applications actually see like actual feature releases currently Like by using by using k a kde myself I have or because i'm a kde super simple I have a vast majority of my applications that are gtk application but since Most of the one like 80 percent of them Non gnome specific applications. They just use the gtk library They 90 percent of them are still on gtk3. So I can theme them There's only maybe five percent of them the or 10 percent of them That are gtk4. That's why I can't theme them with the gtk theme that i'm using which is has always been lay in So they fall back when when because I on zero Linux I ship the The What I call it the work around to to theme Flatbacks, that's why I told it to use when I told it to use Lay in gtk theme But when an application is still using libid vita dark Even though I told it to use lay in that means that it's gtk4 because libid vita will not I mean Lay in will not be updated To you to theme gtk4 the developer confirmed So he quit gtk theming He gave up when Libid vita got introduced. He gave up. He's not the only one. There's a lot of them. Wait, but that's just Terrifying that a lot of gtk applications still don't use gtk4. They still use gtk3 Don't worry too much the transition between gtk2 and gtk3 took 15 years I mean, there are still there are still many applications gimp that still use gtk2. Yeah, so I mean I don't know if it was actually 15 years or not, but it took a very very long time So if you're expecting the transition to gtk4 to happen Quickly you just this is never going to happen No, because I'm saying I'm just saying that because there's a lot of users wondering Why aren't all the all the gtk applications you using the lay in on zero learning That's the reason why it takes a long time and there are going to be some applications that will never see gtk4 Exactly like it's never going to happen I mean, it happens with kde2. I believe clementine still has you have to see a qt5 release It's still it still uses qt4 and now plasm is moving up to qt6 and Honestly, it's been they've been using qt5 for how many years now like eight eight nine years or something like that Wow Matt was correct when he said some application a few applications might not even go to gtk4 Uh, they use whatever feels comfortable for their app perfect for their applications if it ain't broke don't fix it Well, and it's a lot of work too. So you respond to username in the chat here gtk5 is not is not confirmed to be wayland only yet Uh, but at the same time gtk5 is also good is also like six to seven years from now So wayland might be vastly improved by that and might and another thing and someone asked Will uh, will xfce support wayland. Why don't you ship? No, his question was Will xfce ever see wayland support? Yes. Yes, it will they've already announced it the next version four dot The four twenty is the next one. Yeah. Yeah, the next was going to be wayland. So yes Yeah, yes, but currently no So if you want to use wayland and really really really want to use wayland Don't use xfce. I mean you can use xfce You just can't use xfwm because all the other xfce apps are gtk3 native, which means that they do work with wayland So all you need is just a wayland compositor like lab wc Okay, but your average user will go through the lengths to do that All right, let's go ahead and move on to the next one Which will stick on gnom for now. This is mine So the gnom guys are working on adding Accent color support to gnom, which is something that people have been asking for for a very long time Uh, you know, there's been some merge requests and actual work on this feature So we but we still don't know when it's actually going to happen And in traditional gnom fashion, they're going to be doing it in the gnom way instead of doing it in You know a normal way of just taking it, you know, like Stealing basically what what Ubuntu has done and and implementing it that way would have been probably a faster way of doing things but instead well Would you want to implement it in javascript or or uh implemented in the c or vola code natively I just want them to actually have done this years ago is what I want them to have done. Um It'll be interesting to see how they actually implement it because there's not a lot of information obviously so far but there have been some screenshots here if I can show the screenshots if uh, it will ever load um It's not The screenshots are about the most useless ever because all they show show is that the quick menu settings The uh changed color I mean that's the kind of thing that you want your accent colors to be modifying Well, yeah, that's obviously one of them but I'm more interested to see how they because a lot of ganome implementations to have accent colors from zoren or Uh ubuntu they'll change the folder colors inside of Nautilus and stuff. So I would be interesting to see if They do that part There goes the accent color extension down the drain well honestly If they implement it into uh, no natively and it's It's reasonable then I think it's fine for that extension to be depreciated Well, uh, here's the thing though is that ganome never does it the first It always takes them a while so take a take a look at what they just did with the background services settings To replace the task manager the task bar or whatever Um that they had it's half ass. It's only partially the way there It doesn't give you all the features that you want. It's going to be the same thing here look how long it I mean They still haven't taken and done anything with the ability to have folders on the desktop again. That's been a Thing that people have wanted since they've ripped it out right and Maybe they'll never will but if they were to do so it would be It'd be very simple to begin with is the way they've always done it when they take an extension that exists and Built it into ganome. It always comes out You know partially the way there before you know, and it takes them a little while so Uh, hopefully they do a better job on this one, but we'll see Um, it's ganome. So I'm still not going to use it well, uh accent colors in gnome is Uh, I I consider it it was a missing uh livid vita central feature But it's just I I see the way I see it. It's uh, how should I put it? It's part of livid vita So livid vita is not complete yet until accent colors make it in and more stuff are added. So it's still livid vita is still to me, uh My own opinion. I'm not saying to generalize. It's just to me livid vita is still Incomplete uh with accent colors. It's near complete There's still a few nicks and crannies they need to work on but Other than that, uh, I appreciate livid vita. It can be themed I don't know why people are fighting and screaming and yelling against it and hating gnome for it. It's just Needs more work than gtk2. Uh gtk3. Sorry, uh was it's different if they can make gradients so that it continues to improve It's going to do it do a lot for get theming and and stuff like that It might honestly, I think gradients is actually more powerful than a standard vtk theme anyway Say it again gradients No, no, no, no wait gradients gradients. I ship it on zero on zero g as you have you might have seen but gradients is a hack because it overrides a lot of files that Not supposed because livid vita doesn't really use the CSS that gtk3 and gtk4 It hard codes in the way that gradients works is that intercepts those calls. So I I know how gradients works. It's a hack. So yeah But if implemented correctly in livid vita itself Well livid vita do marvels livid vita is there is actually a Branch on the livid vita get that you can look at that actually has support for css style sheets It's still very early days and not reliable whatsoever But the it is something that somebody has taken time to open up a branch and actually do some work on and Last I checked the last commit relating to that was about 18 hours ago. So there is somebody working there Yeah I can contrast that I can contrast that with with With something for example like Latidoc on kde on kde a lot of people are considering that latidoc is dead. It's not receiving any Any commits or anything? This is when you talk about the stable branch. Yes, that is correct stable branch is no longer receiving any Commits because the developer is gone left the project But they keep forgetting about something called the git master branch That exists too With every stable project. There's a git A project to work on where everything is tested on then once stable it will get merged to the stable In this case since the developer left the project all the work is being done still to this day And there's a nicolo timestamp on one of his videos that I saved To answer people who keep telling me that the latidoc is no longer being maintained He says it himself that latidoc is still being maintained. It's still alive and it's one of his favorite tweaks on kde, but to go back to gno same thing There's you got the git and you got the the stable branch if the stable branch doesn't receive Updates in six months. That doesn't mean that the git master branch is not Me just means that a lot of work is When was the last time we seen a commit to something like open box? That hasn't seen a single commit since 2008. That's a different project So and look at box isn't dead Yeah, and look at the what's it called? Ah, I forgot hyperland Hyperland I used to maintain the package and push to my repo that receives a thousand commits a day Yeah, about a commit every two and a half hours and just like after all I just get get kind of just tired of rebuilding the package Because you know it seems to remove it if it makes it That's why you don't package dash git well He told he recommended box free himself the developer of hyperland recommended the git Package because that's where all the work is being done But uh, eric went from eric dubois from arco linux. He went a step beyond he forked He forked the repository and he froze it Yeah, that's basically what you that's basically what you'd have to do if you're going to be packaging it at all All right, let's go ahead and move on to the contact information real quick If you want to get in contact with us you can do so in any number of ways But the best way is probably to go to the website Which is linux cast out which is the linux cast out org there You'll find previous episodes all the way back to season one as well as blog posts when i'm posting them Uh, i'm behind on blog posts obviously as i'm behind on everything. So we'll just have to catch up there eventually You can support me on patreon at patreon.com slash linux cast. Thanks to everybody who does do that already I appreciate that you can subscribe to linux cast on youtube at youtube.com slash linux cast josh has a Interesting url that you can find all of his contact information that he's at 10 lee j.com slash stalker steve As multiple places you can find him um The primary one he probably wants me to pimp is youtube.com slash at zero linux at zero linux with an x not a z You can email the podcast at email at the linux cast.org if you watch previous episodes I try to mention this all the some of the previous episodes have Uh, the wrong email address in the show the description. So just I probably said it okay in the show but the show notes were wrong So, you know, just keep that in mind and you can find all of this contact information at the linux cast.org slash contact Where you'll find actual links that you can click on so you don't you don't have to type things in which is uh Always the best way to go about things. So that is the contact information I think I got everything there that needed to be needed to be gotten Uh, let's go ahead and move on to the next one. So steve your Next link, please my next link is the orange pi five is a great and very fast alternative to the raspberry pi four I guess with the the scalping prices of the raspberry pi four today Uh, it left An empty space for anyone to occupy in the single board computer land Uh, that's where the uh, orange pi five swoop and took The crown because that thing is damn fast It it uh, it uses the rock chip rk 35 88 s s o c With up to 32 gigabytes of ram, which the pi It was it stopped at eight Uh, and it has the the rock by uh, 35 88 s is Way leaps and bounds faster than the raspberry pi All in the on a single board computer the size of the raspberry pi. I'll I'll be at a little bit tiny bigger Uh, it's got Lot of io. It's got an hd a full-size htmi. Thank the lord Not the mini htmi like the pi because I broke three of those just by plugging them in Uh, you can run it's it's community driven just like the pi four It you can run anything under the sun on that thing and it's uh, I love it It's it's got the pc i e 2.0 usb 3 connectivity Hmi 2.1 mind you not 2.0 So 8k wow Uh gigabit lan, uh, there's a 26 pin header on the sbc for those considering adapting this to the sb This sbc for other purposes Uh beyond that It's just a 10 times more powerful sbc For a low price, but they don't display the price on the on the article, but let me check the last page Maybe they display it on the last page This price is 88 dollars for the cheap one. Yes, that's the last paragraph there Yeah, 88 dollars for the cheap one. It's not as cheap as the raspberry pi 4 But for price to performance ratio, I It's it's better than the rest. So you guys probably will tell me this better than Uh Say stuff about this more than I can because I've never actually had a pie But from everything that I've read about the raspberry pi The most recent one is that if you have the top end one and you're trying to do anything with it It can get very very hot like very very hot, right? Yes temperature is an issue. However, uh All you need is just like the most basic of cooling fans just to blow air over and it's perfectly fine No Can disagree with that in my case it has been lighted. I'm not using anything I'm not using my price for anything super heavy like okay. Here's the desktop Here's the situation The you know fedora released a pi 4 image, right? Yeah, I know that I am purposely never going to use it I made a review of that. I released a review video on that a while back, but You know I'm on a raspberry pi. How unrealistic is that? That's number one. Yeah, that's why that's why I said I would never use it But uh I ran it on my pi 4 for like three days. I would leave it just idle No idle and the screen would sleep Which matt keeps suffering from on kde that never his screens never sleep Well, even with the screen Sleeping and and the system being idle. I would see temperatures as high up as 88 degrees 88 degrees the reason why I asked this is because if this Raspberry or this orange pi thing is so much more powerful has so much more ram Can you imagine how much? How many how much more heat it generates than I can't why? That's why they the cases they created for it have better cooling than any case for the raspberry pi Because they took into consideration that this thing runs At faster speeds and more wattage equals more heat So, uh, the the cases that I saw for the for the orange pi 5 Wow, there are cases that full aluminum with Passive cooling and the whole case is passive as a passive cooler And they kept the the temperature at full load while running a benchmark As low as 53 degrees 56 degrees something around there and it was running they were benchmarking it So i'm like, yeah, this does better way better than the raspberry pi ever did I think the rock chip the rock chip cpu is typically do are a lot cooler cooler than the cortex cpu is too Yeah, and it's an octa core cpu. I think it's eight cores so I'm I'm waiting to Come back from my trip Maybe while i'm on my trip. I might grab one of those to replace the pi 4 but because The pi 4 no matter what I run on it. Nothing runs great. You have to run a tty on it or pi whole Well, those are those are the two kind of os's that are realistically feasible on the Yeah, that said for my pi i'm using the poe hat which will naturally have the have the pi actually run a little bit hotter than It normally would But i'm also running an active fan on that as well and I never see a temperature above About 40 degrees celsius, but at the same time it sits in my server room, which actually has some air conditioning to it Not like the pi runs so hot that it's unreasonable Well, it just needs a fan But I I knew that I just figured that because this one was so Supposedly so much more powerful than it would it requires more. Yeah, uh in regards to like a Anyway, that might be listening to it that it's Oronics did a but they have a bunch of benchmarks on it where it shows that the more modern hardware that the orange pie is using Is roughly about two to all to sometimes three times faster than the than the pi 4 And I think that they tested equivalent models, but although they I didn't see anywhere where they said exactly which model they were testing The the fastest single board computer in existence today is the What's it called the kadha's edge? Has the best cpu, but the nvidia jetson still has the best gpu Of course nvidia. Yeah. Yeah. All right. Let's go ahead and move on to the next one. Josh your second link, please Uh, well ubuntu 20 Ubuntu has released their latest and greatest lts Point release, which is 22 0 6.6 or I must type that it's 22 0 4.6. I mistyped it in the show notes. I'll fix it. But anyways, uh, there's The reason why I'm making this like a news article is because It looks like that for some reason, uh, they're they're secure boot keys actually got revoked So, uh, what what this update does is it brings a refresh and star which actually which actually has a fresh set of keys So that way you can actually enable secure boot on your ubuntu system And after doing some looking at this, uh You can take an existing lts release of ubuntu and update it But you will still have to manually sign the kernel if you if you're If you're running a system that where you actually have to you be using secure boot due to like some compliance reason because, uh, realistically You can just disable secure boot and be perfectly fine but There's also several high impact bugs. I've been fixed. Uh, the all of these releases don't really explain which ones and I haven't really looked and uh, you know, uh These the ubuntu server installer is actually somewhat more reliable now I'm actually about it. I've been hearing things from people who have been using ubuntu for many many years That the most recent versions of ubuntu have been so much more buggy than they have been Previously, uh, they really have been but then again, that's exactly why I keep telling steve Don't ship known with a thousand extensions because that's exactly what's going on with the ubuntu Speaking speaking speaking of speaking of which yes, I'm removing. I'm going to be removing a few extensions But no this brings a you just opened a big can of worms with that article Uh, welcome because there's There's this this stigma of Uh, we'll have to update their system to work It's wrong I have a user on my server, which I mentioned on my podcast Uh, peter He's such a unique person. He's kind of like josh Uh, he's such a unique and wonderful person, but uh Are you talking about are you talking about emacs peter? Oh, no, uh, peter For someone else there's a lot of peters. Yeah I just assume they're all the same person The way he goes about about doing things is every time I release a version of zero linux He installs it and never ever runs the update command Ever until I release the next version in three months Then does back does a backup Install does a fresh install of the new release to get Because he's sure that I tested all the packages and he has never had a single issue He never ran the update command. He's not a gamer He's not a Weirdo hacker or or or he works bro. Don't fix it. Exactly Don't and and people this stigma that said that people are afraid Oh, my computer is not going to work unless I run update 10 times a day and get the latest packages He's treating it as an LTS release Like he's freezing it by never running the update command You can't do that It's not wrong. It's not A sin never to run an update if your system is working the way it is Why do you need to update unless you're a person who loves updating like me? Yeah, you you know that Because on linux the update command is a Fearsome command.  It's always 50 50 always 50 50 when with arch linux and rolling releases So if you don't run the update It's not wrong. Why are are people afraid not to update their systems? It works Leave it as is don't update this stigma gets my blood boiling. That's that's weird I find people I don't find people like uh, peter weird. I find people who think that people like peter are weird Okay, it's just it's just my two cents on on the subject The ability can be achieved just don't run the update command As someone who lives on a rolling release distribution right now and has for many many years You know various different distros I always update run the update command and hardly ever have problems. You know, it's just All I'm saying is it's a 50 50 Reality of the matter is it's always 50 50 if you don't run into issues Put on you I never ran into issues A lot there are people who don't run into issues, but there are people who Want stability? Okay. You don't want to toss the coin and My question see what's he on the other end my question there my question there Is if you're wanting stability, why are you running a rolling release distribution? Why don't you run debbie it? Or or if you want if you want newer packages run fedora fedora is halfway in between Same thing is on non rolling releases as well But I was too scared to to say that but you made me say it, but It's it's always a 50 50 chance on the entirety of linux, but no, I'm sorry. I I disagree with that 50 50 50 It's either gonna work or you're not gonna work. That's it. That's what I mean by By saying if you have a 50 chance of your system breaking it every update is completely farcical That have you ever heard the phrase by the way I run arch Yeah That's why I don't get it That's the reason why people run arch is because I can say that oh, okay. Yeah. All right. I mean Pretty much, you know, uh, you're running arch linux. You're you're you're officially the linux badass even though this guy right here runs gen two Um All right, all right. Yeah, it's always a run gen two It's always a 50 50 chance No, it's really it's Anybody who says it's a 50 50 50 chance that your system is going to break after an update Isn't telling the truth about it because it's not 90 90 if you think about it, maybe no, no It depends realistically on what grub does upstream. Well, yeah Obviously, there are people who have problem with problems than others And I've been extraordinarily lucky, but if if you're not running obscenely new hardware You're gonna have a lot easier time and your percentage of success on an update is going to be like 90 95 For most the vast majority of people If you're running obscenely new hardware, then you're going to be experiencing many more problems And uh, we can all look look at josh as an example, right? He's running an arch our gpu. He's having problems You know, if you run all all I meant was all I meant was it's What I meant by 50 maybe I used the wrong expression english is not my number one language Realistically, it's a flip of a coin. That's what I mean. It's a little bit when you're running a system like arch Linux It's probably worthwhile investing investing to take the time to actually pay attention to what packages are updating But which a regular user which a regular user will not do As a guy that at one point ran a debian stable system for six and a half years as his daily driver There are times where debian will screw up too. Oh, yeah And just because debian stable is stable. It does not mean that it will work every time you update That's why I meant Running update is a flip of a coin. I didn't mean it by 50 50. I didn't want to put numbers on now But that's why I blindly running the update where you know, you run your pacman dash s y y u And then just hit enter and just let it go That is a flip of a coin Now if if you're just going to run a pacman Pac s u or whatever wherever. I think it's s y u to sync the repositories So and and then uh, you you take the time to at least read the package list that you're about to update that then I'm not going to say that you're flipping a coin because at least you're taking time to Understand what you're updating Yeah, how many people do that? Basically nobody Exactly. That's what I meant because people run update enter update enter Yeah, what would you know? Honestly, those people probably shouldn't be using arch Linux to begin with but uh, they're going to anyone or Linux as a whole because The thing I wanted to say The subject we talked about with zany was so deep. I we talked about it I'll part one of it on my on my podcast, but It's it's a big can of worms We don't need to dig into it right now or else the podcast will go for three hours It really is everybody should just run fedora, so we're going to enable automatic updates And just let the system handle everything itself Well pamac enabled the automatic updates and installing updates in the back uh on shut down on our system That's just insanity. Let's just let's just have everybody switch to immutable distribution Where you know if it if it fails to boot it's just going to automatically default to the last Previous system that actually booted But anyways matt Matt, I heard that mozilla's got a new project Uh, when don't they all right? So the last link is that mozilla has started work on an open source ai to uh, basically compete with chat gpt and all that stuff that now I made a whole big deal about never Doing chat be gpt But I did actually end up signing up for an account and trying it out because you know peer pressure and all that stuff And uh, yeah, it's you know, really cool. But um So as is usual when there's something that's very popular that is proprietary Mozilla takes it upon themselves to make a open source version of it So they've done it with like the metaverse. They've done it with you know, obviously a browser They've done it with several other things as well the the voice recognition stuff comes to mind And ai seems to be the next thing that they're going to tackle um The question I have whenever they come up with a new uh project is you know, is mozilla really the you know The hemat that we want behind is mozilla really the company we want to be we want to be working on this and the answer to that is Sort of yes and sort of no at the same time Yeah The wonderful thing about mozilla is that they are fully committed to this being open source And as a result they will be probably at least using the mozilla public license with it, which means that the It's open source and it's relatively regarded and it's going to be relatively regarded as free and open source That said they are committing 30 million dollars Which is one third of the google fund to to this uh startup that they're calling mozilla.ai because it's very creative right Sky net here we come Yep, that said, uh, is there going to be a monetary income for this So mozilla can eventually get off the google fund.  No, this is going to be a money sink for a very long time if they keep it up Uh, and that's just because we know that's we know that to be true because the open ai or whatever Has had billions of dollars put into it and they've never been profitable um that they're the Thing about ai of course is going to be that it requires a ton of work In a ton of time And my worry every time that mozilla comes up with another project my worry is that the prime For me what I want from mozilla is exactly one thing. I want them to make firefox good and to keep it good That's my personal favorite thing here is where they get quoted here as to saying that they want to make their a That they want to prioritize human agency and the interest of users at at the core Which makes me wonder, uh, will uh, mozilla will mozilla is ai be nearly as aggressive as being Because apparently being's ai will sit there and shout at you and accuse you of doing things Accusing things which apparently it doesn't do that now according to microsoft, but people are still saying it does it anyway Don't connect ai to the internet. It will create a Uh A mind of its own and it's the apocalypse and skyline It won't it won't be long before there's a reddit There's a subreddit dedicated to just making that ai do very shady and illegal things Do anything like we talked like we talked earlier Anything that's done for the good will be used for evil That said that said I will still continue to give $25 a month to mozilla because I still believe that mozilla at at the very core is a good company It's just that their leadership is still going to be skeptic. It's still going to be sketch as always wait For someone who uses revolvely, uh It was already a not open source, you know Don't beat me over that. I will I'm gonna say something good for once about mozilla firefox. Let me do it. Okay Uh Mozilla firefox, I guess is the only one not using chromium in the back end. Yeah, am I wrong? No, what? Um, yeah, nobody's gonna web I'm using it over right now. It's actually pretty cool right now. This place released From the podcast i'm just pointing this out so you don't But 90 90 or 95 of all browsers, uh that exists use some sort of Google chromium or chrome engine on the back end Uh, uh, well according to last pornhub survey Um, well firefox has a 12 market share So it's a little bit more than it's a little bit less than 90 percent. It's like 88 Well, still, uh firefox is one of the minority that's not using a chromium engine on the back end I give it a thumbs up for that. They're they're not they have not sold to to evil google Oh Well, I mean obviously the asset threes and why you'd want to use firefox the poor I was making Was that whenever they come up with a new project That's going to take millions and millions of dollars It makes me worry about the future firefox because that's that has to be their main project product Whatever And it seems that the the more spread out that they are going to be the the More I worry about firefox You know maintaining what it is right now and not getting worse Honestly, the only project that mozilla seems to make that actually makes an income is Thunderbird and technically mozilla only has a 30 stake in thunderbird these days Okay, I don't know but they're not actually really making any money whatsoever off of thunderbird Uh firefox is basically losing mozilla money It Hammering money. Yeah, well everything Which is why google is paying mozilla 100 million a year Yeah, all right. Anyways, let's go ahead and wrap this up go around move on to the thingies of the week. So Steve your your thingy of the week My thingy of the week is a strange one this week I've been updating this package for over six months now on my repositories and I never Really thought about talking about it It has been it has proven to be very useful lately and it's called system monitor in System monitoring center smc as I call it for short I I included a screenshot if you want to show it on the stream if you don't It's just a monitoring tool to monitor your temperatures your cpu usage your ram usage And it has way more information than kde's version because i'm a kde user I needed something to be more Transparent and that tool is amazing. It has a nice ui easy to read easy to understand And it even monitors your internet connection shows you where the traffic is coming from going to Shit load of information and yeah, it's a cool little tool. Not very big. It's a few hundred kilobytes Maybe a megabyte at most Uh, and it's uh, it's been my go-to whenever I wanted to monitor. It looks like something you would download from download.com and have to bypass Several different things several different bars that it wants to install for you So that you don't remember back in the day when you had downloaded some download.com it offered to install the aol bar and the Yeah, I know it looks like that It it does look like that it reminded me a bit when I first started using it But then I got into using it more and more if you go for the more info Tell you what we're gonna live install this right now Uh, let's take a look at this here.  Josh. Don't do it I'm just changing my camera. All right. I think you're doing that in discord Let's look at this here. Uh, okay. So, uh, we've got a live cpu readout, uh ram percentage We got some process controls. So this basically just looks like, uh This looks an awful lot like this, but it just seems to have a actually quite a bit more detail It does that's why I use it does seem to have some gpu support, but of course Me the arc gpu is probably well, it seems to be reading the right one, but uh, it doesn't seem to be just playing anything in here Uh, looks like it could detect cpu course processes tells me which users are logged in Uh, integrate system d services basic system information. It's actually pretty comprehensive Yes, it is. That's why I use it and uh, even network it shows you the network traffic going coming and everything And there goes the power Uh, but no, don't worry. Don't worry. It's gonna come back. It's before midnight Uh, it seems pretty cool But uh, it's a very useful tool. I recommend people who like just To use something windows like Coming from windows. That's very similar to task manager. Just with a better UI Yeah, it's called system monitoring center is the name on gnome software. Uh, looks like it's available on the gnome software That was yeah It's available as a flat pack Oh really? I didn't know that. Yep. Well, I should stop updating it and offer the flat back instead Josh your thingy of the week Uh, my thingy of the week is a beautiful new note-taking application, which I am currently working on the replacing emacs with Uh, because the only thing I use out of emacs is org mode for the notes And this is going to be a very long-term project because I've I've decided I was going Is I'm going to integrate next cloud into my life seeing as I run a next cloud server for the purposes of this podcast and my own personal uses anyway So I wanted to take advantage of next cloud notes and set up this application called iotus Uh, it's got a weird name, but it's also one of their convergent applications So like, uh, it will work on like your pine phone or like any of your Linux phones And as well as your desktop as well I had It uses a markdown send Syntax so uh, basically matt you're you could probably just use this thing just fine It does not seem to save as local files But you can Get it to generate local files too if you use the if you use a command line argument with it So which basically means that you're probably never going to use it anyway And it has a very very very fast Sync sync process with next cloud. It's using a direct api rather than what what's something like a qo notes would use Which is more like an rss based sync solution But uh, you know it it seems to work pretty well I mean I can just uh flip my camera back over here And uh, so this is just like a little test note that I put into you can get like an actual render note here And like I just said it's just standard markdown syntax And uh, this is the only note that I've got in it right now. Uh, at least that I'm willing to show you But like I said, it's it's got some categorization and some tagging and some features with that too and uh I've got I've got it syncing with next cloud right now But yeah, uh, that's all it is. It's the most basic Note-taking application you can have besides using like a standard text editor editing text files. Yeah Sounds really cool. All right, so mine's mine can be done really quick Just something that I pulled off because I've been using it for a long time and Maybe other people don't know about it, but it's called nerd fonts. It's a huge collection of Uh fonts that you can use to theme your system Now obviously it includes just regular fonts, but a lot of them have been Uh, you know altered in order to have icons and supports and stuff like that. So A lot of people use font awesome, but font awesome is very, um proprietary obviously, but also They update it Font awesome has some really weird versioning issues Like if you're using version five, you know, you only get access to those and you have to use version six So there's a chance if you want to use font awesome, you have to use multiple different versions of Of the the fonts, which is can be messy as hell And so a lot of people who have problems like using poly bar with font awesomes and they have, um Problems getting the icons to show up.  I have the I maintain The package which is 2.3 gigabytes Uh, but I once installed it's eight gigabytes. Yes So Unless you're your package maintainer or you're you know me Chances are you won't download them, but you can go to their website and just go to their The download page and it'll take you through all those fonts that they have and you can just download individual fonts Obviously, they're mostly focused on Monos fonts and and stuff like that, but they do have others My favorite is jet brains motto nerd font, which is really good. So if you are mine too mine too But I'll have everyone know that recently they made the move to the extras repository on arch So they're no longer on the you are Nerd fonts aren't on the you are anymore Nope, why now they move they've been promoted Been promoted to the extra extras repository in the regular repository. Okay Now they're they're no they're no longer called nerd dash fonts now. They're called ttf dash nerd dash the name of the font Yeah, um, I I never installed it from the you are anyways I just installed it just pulled down the get repo and then ran the Just run the shell script to to install everything. Yeah, that's exactly what you do because it just it works so good um I always have this problem The biggest problem I have with nerd fonts is because they're so big and because of the way I install them I always have them in my get repository where I download all my get stuff And half the time I forget to exclude that file from rsync when I do my backups So every single I have like probably 40 copies of nerd font sitting on my external hard drive Just taking up space, which is dumb, but I I need to remember to exclude that file which I haven't done also Uh, if you do install like from they used to be when you install from the you are you you get you guys know how like, uh The pacman and and any a you are helper will usually keep a cache of the the file package every time they do an update Stuff like that if you don't if you forget to exclude your cache files from your rsync script or whatever that will Cause you to have a huge backup for that cache file because the entire nerd fonts package is basically stored there Um, so that that's another thing to keep in mind because it is it is a very big package if you download all of them That's why I recommend just finding the one that you want and you know downloading it. Anyway, so that is it for us this this time guys, uh A little bit shorter than normal just over an hour. So that was wasn't too bad If you want to get in contact with us. I already went through all that stuff, but again the linuxcast.org slash Contact is the best place to find all that stuff You uh, you can support me on patreon on patreon.com slash the linuxcast. Thanks to everybody who does support me on patreon Uh, you guys are all absolutely amazing without you the challenge has not been anywhere near where it is right now I think I have Uh, all the new guys who who started supporting me during my time of sickness Uh added to where they need to be so thanks for all the new guys. Thanks to all the old guys Thanks for watching. We record this live every saturday at three o'clock p.m. Eastern time or thereabouts So join us live and in the chat room. We have a lot of fun and all those who joined us live this time Thank you very much. We'll see you next time on the linuxcast Take care, buddy. Bye everybody.


Yes. Shall I make it full screen? We are good to go. Recording is good. Yeah, I think it's full screen enough. Yeah, you can do that. Yeah, of course. Okay, but first I'll introduce you. So welcome everybody to this ICTP math associate seminar. So we're going to have a talk today and also one week from now, November 19. We'll have the talk by Cecilia Salgado. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you for that. The speaker of today is George now from the University of Mumbai. We're very happy to have her speak about her new work on reaction diffusion equations on the evolving domains, regularity and global existence. So far as yours. Thank you very much. I thank that for the invitation and in fact, the entire math group at ICTP presents my work. And I will be speaking on reaction diffusion equations on evolving domain. We'll talk specifically about global existence results, including regularity. I would like to say in beginning that I'm not going to do any or show any technical calculations or computations, but just give an idea or sketch of what goes into the proof and the main result. So maybe it may not, maybe it is shorter talk than what one expects. This is something which I had been reading during last few months and it is a joint work with Dr. Vandana Sharma from IIT Jodhpur, India. It has been very interesting to work with her on this kind of field on reaction diffusion equation. So let me start with a brief introduction of what is known and what has been done. Of course, I'm going to refer to very few of these recent works. And for the detailed references, maybe I can refer to our paper which will be on archive soon. So what is reaction diffusion equation? We cannot. So system of reaction diffusion equations are used to model pattern formation in chemistry and biology. I think it was during who had used these equations to model pattern formations either on shells or the patterns which are formed on animals as they are developed. For example, the stripes on zebra and some other animals. What used to be done initially was like theoretical and numerical studies were done on fixed domain. And now people are kind of moving on to domains which are either growing or shrinking. And when I say domains, then not only not only like domains in the Euclidean space, but also also on general manifolds. So for example, one can consider a sphere or ellipse or one can also think of these kind of equations which are used to model cell growth in mathematical biology. And then you can have different types of surfaces which one can consider. So what is the equation? Here what I am doing is I am directly writing the equation which is which is for the domain which is evolving with time. So instead of what evolving which usually represents something which grows. So here one can also use reforming which means either you grow or shrink in one part or grow in one direction. So one can consider a more general situation. So here this is time derivative and you have this one extra term. So if this middle term doesn't appear and say your C is just a function of Y not depending on T then you would get a reaction diffusion equation on a fixed domain. So if I say T equal to 0 over here then everything becomes on fixed domain. So I will just set up the equations and equation and continue and try to relate with what we are doing soon. So here we look at this system. So though I am writing here only as just think of it as M equal to 1 to begin with. You have D this corresponds to the diffusion term and this is the coupling parameter between the various components of your system. So here one can in general consider C equal to C1 to Cm. This is going to be your diffusion term. So it is for C1 you will have an equation which takes into account C1 to Cm all of them. So here one can consider the way I write it over here. So this is kind of a matrix form. We have C1, C1, C1 and F1 over here where F1 depends on all M and usually one assumes that these coordinate functions are locally Lipschitz. So this is the expression which is considered for which is already existing for evolving domains. So here one needs to know that the term AYT, this term which appears over here it is referred to as the flow velocity and this corresponds to flow velocity and it is the flow which is generated by the evolution of the domain and of course this is the expansion as I said you can just look at M equal to one and you will one can understand that this is the gradient term which comes because of the additional condition that domain omega is deforming and due to one usually assumes I think that is called as Reynolds transport theorem that flow velocity is same as the domain velocity. So Y is going to be a function of rho T times X. So basically one can think of the fact that the flow velocity is separable in T variable and the space variable. That kind of simplifies later computations also as we will see. So let me just speak about some of the works as I said these I am mentioning very few of them. One of the earlier works was in 1999 by Cramping et al. and they considered uniform and isotropic domain growth in one dimension reaction diffusion system and here as I have written over here like they allow like sometimes the time to grow fast or time to be slow like they control the velocity of growth and try to see how the patterns change. So many of these existing works they are just mostly focusing on numerics and then trying to observe how the patterns emerge after so they start with an initial pattern they allow they apply the differential equation they allow the program to run for certain period of time and then they try to see how the patterns have developed at certain later time capital T that is what is usually done using the numerics. Then also one of the important papers was in 2004 by Plaza Padilla and there were a couple of more collaborators where they developed a general formulation of reaction diffusion theory on isotropically evolving one and two dimensional manifolds. So they derived the equation for general manifolds using the Laplacian and with the first motivation from biological settings they had a problem where they were considering how the curvature of the surface where the evolution is taking place or where the pattern is forming affects the resulting pattern after the growth. So for example like you may have a small shell and there is an initial pattern and over a period of time the patterns develop and then they see what kind of patterns are formed in the shell after it has completed it's both period that's what they are interested in. So the latest result which I found and in fact this is kind of quite interesting and these are results by Cross and his collaborators where they generalized the modeling of reaction diffusion systems on doing manifolds which was developed by in the previous work of Plaza to allow for dilational and isotropic growth. So one thing which we observe is that if you saw we had the assumption that the flow velocity is proportional to is of the form roti times X so it is like dilational in the space variable right you have roti and your X is your usual coordinates. So here you can allow an isotropic growth so in different directions one can allow different parameters to be depending on the T variable. So at this point I would like to show the figure from this particular paper so I will escape from the yes yes so this is the figure which I have taken from their paper and as you can see they have studied so here they are studying the reaction on so this is the initial pattern which they have and then this is the pattern which they have on an ellipse this is a two dimensional figure or manifold one can say this is a two dimensional manifold and then you allow it to grow so as we see that here after certain period of time so actually this is more visible in this second figure where the initial pattern is on the sphere then they allow it to grow in this axial direction and then they have a resulting pattern here here in this figure C they have allowed it to grow in X direction so one can easily see that you are having an isotropic because you are going more in the X direction and less in the Y direction or Z direction the three dimensional plot which they have got and then this is the final means you do this kind of growth actually or say in X direction, Y direction and then again you come back to the sphere and these are the patterns which appear over here so most of the existing works have been about the stability of the stability results and usually apply to do numerics and study how the patterns grow on different manifolds so here ellipse and here on the sphere so so that is in fact that paper contains other numerics also and there are quite a few nice pictures which one can see also as one can see that this is the most recent work and yeah so they studied how rate of deformation type of growth or extremity of growth affect the patterns formed on the domain in case there is if the pattern changes at all then they studied what are the final results after applying the numerics okay so as I mentioned that many existing results focus on sorry yeah focus on growth and curvature focus on effects of growth and curvature of the domain on the resulting patterns and their stability but there are very few works where people have studied the question of existence and regularity of solutions of systems of reaction diffusion equation on domains which are evolving with time now one of the results which we have come across is by Chandrasekhar and his collaborators Chandrasekhar and Akita and maybe one more there is one more person where they had included in their work of course they again focus on stability and you know the effect of curvature and growth of the domain and how the patterns change but here so but they had also studied the global existence of a solution of this reaction diffusion equation on going domains and their proof was based on the work of Morgan Jeff Morgan on stationary domain and what I would like to remark is that they did this work which of course one can see if one looks at any of the previous papers also one sees that the usual method is that you take your problem on the stationary domain and you reduce it to or transform it to a fixed domain where you now look for a solution which is also depending on time and there are certain extra terms which also involve the fact that your domain is changing with time now I will show you in the next few slides what I mean and I write down the equation so this is one of the work which we found and in our work so yes this is my collaborator so she has been working on reaction diffusion system of reaction diffusion equations on stable domain or stationary domain so what we will do here is that the results that she has developed in couple of papers recent papers we are going to adapt them to the domain which is deforming with time so yes so let me go back to the notations my here is the domain which is changing with time and it is with boundaries C2 boundary and I am going to consider omega t in Rn and if we denote C as the chemical concentration in the domain omega t then this is the equation which drives the diffusion process so here as you see means it really doesn't matter whether I write C as one function or as a vector but for simplicity I am just going to write it in this simple form if one wants to write think of it as a vector one can write it as a vector also it's just one equation for to avoid the technical complications so here so this is d of omega t so here this is the measure on omega which is of course also changing with time so this is this derivative is outside this integral and this is the normal derivative on the boundary again which is changing with time so this is the governing equation for the diffusion process of chemical concentration on a domain which is changing with time so here we have the initial domain we fix or we take initial domain omega 0 is equal to omega and we assume as we usually do in geometry that your omega t is the white of omega so basically we want to say that omega t is generated by flow of omega under given diffeomorphism so then one can see that your your measure is just going to be the determinant of this particular flow which I have defined here times the usual Euclidean measure on omega so if one solves the above relation then one gets this particular equation so here this is what we get as flow velocity the equation that A, X, T whatever term which I had got before so this is your flow velocitiveness and now since we have simply written omega t as y t of omega one can see the justification that why we get this term over here and then the equation is one can work out and equate the terms on the left hand side and right hand side it is nice because we are getting the linear term but it comes with negative sign and it does not cause too much problem I think usually that is what I would say so now this is where I transform I am going to say that my original equation which was represented on omega t if I define my u x t as my previous equation becomes now equation on a stationary domain so if I solve for u in this particular equation then I have solved for c in omega t so are there any questions are there any questions so I think there was a question in the chat but I minimized this so Boris is saying I would like to know if there is someone studying the effects of time delay in the reaction diffusion system time delay I do not know actually I do not know because as I said this is for something which I am learning so sorry I am not sure okay because it becomes visible here so I do not know how to take care of it so yes so this is so now what we have done we have done is reduce the problem to stationary domain but we see that the fact that we have this flow term now it is going to be a different Laplace operator actually it is the pullback of the metric of whatever we have on omega t to omega we have this additional linear term which comes from the because of the flow term over there so here yes so what we do as I said is I take we take a simpler situation where we just look at the 80 times x one can probably introduce a complicated matrix and go through the entire work but for sake of simplicity we are just trying to work with a simple case where the matrix A is diagonal and as you can see we do allow for an isotropic flow so you don't need to have 1 equal to lambda 2 equal to lambda 3 one can have different flow, different speeds in different directions and it is quite simple we start with the initial one identity and these are diffeomorphisms so these are non-singular matrices and I have written it down for 3 by 3 but of course same thing can be generalized I think there is a type over here because so here this is determinant of n product divided by n product which should be n product here because this equation which I have written I have written for n dimension so yes your delta t once you do the transformation you get it because you have a simple representation here you have it to be 1 upon lambda i t square d square by dx i square so if this is identity you are going to get your usual laplacian so when t equal to 0 you are back to usual laplacian yes so yes this is what we finally come to so what we are doing is studying this system of equation on the stationary domain as I said that if one does not have growth then of course this operator I have sorry I think there is another mistake I am so bad this is a type over here it should be l which is given by di delta t minus at where at is this term the term which we had got in the previous one here so I apologize for this type over here d t u i equal to yeah so l times u i I think I should write it in vector form this is the Neumann boundary condition here eta now is the unit normal vector, outward vector on the fixed domain omega so the usual normal derivative condition on omega t translates to di gradient t sub t u i so gradient sub t u i is nothing but 1 by lambda i times del by del u i so yes yeah so this is my new gradient vector so it is going to be 80 inverse of the nabla which I have and it is of this particular form and for say for calculations that we require to do I think this is a natural condition that we assume that these coefficients which appear over here are bounded so since here in this paper we are only interested in terms and equality so we are assuming everything is kind of fine so because in practice of course one can expect that with time maybe the domain breaks up or the boundary no longer remains smooth so all these kind of possibilities one can expect but for sake of our analysis we are assuming that everything remains fine over the entire period of time so the domain omega t evolves nicely in fact what we have assumed is that as t goes to infinity my omega t remains in neighborhood of a fixed domain omega infinity this is just a notation and that also ensures that say if gamma t is the boundary of my domain then gamma t also remains in neighborhood of one fixed boundary so it doesn't maybe it oscillates but you do not have the smoothness doesn't break or the domain doesn't split there is no crossing over no singularity is developing so we are just trying to work in kind of ideal situation so that's one remark which I wanted to make so coming back here this is the equation sorry for this error here and these are the assumptions so here we assume that the initial function on the stationary domain at the time t equal to zero is in c2 omega bar and it satisfies the compatibility condition on the boundary this is the non-homogeneous boundary condition here we also assume that the non-linear functions on the right hand side so these remember the FIs are on the domain and GIs are on the boundary so these are posi positive so what it means is that if I take Fi and if I take ui equal to zero then sorry on all other conditions the condition is non-negative and this condition ensures that if we start with initial non-negative data then the solution of the system continues to remain non-negative and this is a condition which is what we refer to as VL1 so here one sees that you have linear combinations of Fi and Gi so again boundary and domain and there exist a fixed constant so this is strictly greater than zero otherwise it's redone and it's missing so sorry so you should have L1 over here times this particular sum L1 over here times this particular sum so this is condition VL1 and this is the condition which Fi and Gi are polynomially bounded so there are there exist M and national number L such that these functions are less than this summation of the coordinates power L so here these are usually this condition is used for for deriving high regularity of the solutions so these are the common conditions which I have put over here let me say over here that my collaborators paper it has got recently accepted in communications and applicable analysis I can see pure and applied analysis I believe and our work over here relies on the work in that particular paper so many of the assumptions which I have taken in fact all the assumptions are compatible with the assumptions which she has assumed on the stationary domain so the difference is that if you have gradient to there then we have to kind of generalize it to Nabla T over here where you have a slightly modified gradient term and also the operator is different it is delta T in our case so yes so I will state the first result which is talks about local existence so here if we have the functions f i n g i are locally live sheets and satisfies v n that is the Neumann boundary condition and this is posi positive then one can find T max strictly greater than zero such that the system this system this system has this system has unique maximal component wise non-negative solution so here you can see that I have written it for me to what it is for m it is also true and if T max is finite this limit is pos to infinity so here as T approaches T max from the left it is pos to infinity so this is the first result which shows the existence of non-negative local existence and for the proof let me mention the main results so here the next we have also proved the global existence result and here what I have done is instead of writing it as two theorems I have combined them what we have shown is that in the case so this is again Neumann boundary condition non-negative and polynomial polynomial bounded I should say and for m equal to 2 so this is if I have two components u1 and u2 or which I refer to as uv then if we assume vl1 and suppose that there exists a non-decreasing function h such that one of the component functions is bounded and so remember vl1 gave a fixed constant l1 whereas here we have one more condition on the boundary on the gis that whenever there exists k greater than zero such that wherever a is bigger than equal to k you can find la such that this estimate holds so you have one over here and this is similar to l1 but as I said l1 condition say gives us fixed constant whereas here you have one can one can one has a choice to make so either you assume one component is bounded by a suitable function non-decreasing function together with this condition or for any m if this condition what is called as vl holes there exists k such that for this particular vector with am equal to 1 and all these ai's strictly greater than equal to zero there exists la greater than zero so this is a linear combination of f i as well as linear combination of g i is less than this particular sum then the equation the system has a unique component wise non-negative global solution so for m equal to 2 if we assume that one of the component is bounded we are able to arrive at global existence but in general for any m greater than equal to 2 if we assume this we are still able to arrive at global existence one thing which I would like to mention is that for m equal to 2 the vl1 condition is of course contained in this one so let me say few words about the proof I just wanted to mention so about local existence the proof of local existence relies on holder estimates for the linearized problem and so in this particular case since our operator has changed we have to look at the linearized problem corresponding to this particular operator over here here I have written delta t is equal to a i t d square by d xi square in our particular case a i t is 1 upon lambda i t whole square so but one can one can see that the proof works in general for these kind of operators it's suitable condition of boundedness that's what I would like to mention so in fact for the so this is the result of holder estimate which I require for local existence so again this is related to the linearized operator so we have this equation with the initial condition initial normal initial Neumann condition the function phi naught satisfying this then we have the following estimate where the constant is independent of theta phi 1 and phi naught so this is the Neumann condition function which appears there this is the boundary condition the initial function is equal to 0 and this is your function which appears on the right hand side of here phi naught phi 1 and theta over here so the function is independent of this and you get holder estimates for a solution of the linearized problem so what I would like to mention here the proof of the linearized problem uses extensions of the estimates of fapes and river paper to the operator delta t together with the first alignment boundary the nabla t which we have and in fact this was done because we have used the techniques and results of Sharma and Sharma Morgan this paper has appeared already in SIAM and they required similar result for stationary domain so we extend those results here to our operator and we get nice estimates and get the holder estimates that we require over here so this is one of the classic parameters of fapes river and what we do is for the proof we first show that if fngr then there exists a unique solution using the solution of the linearized problem and if they are just locally then we use cutoff function and arrive at the conclusion by taking limit so here the condition that fngr quasi positive ensure as I said initially that the solutions remain non-negative so next what we also obtain is L1 estimates again I prefer to show it separately because these hold for both the results for m equal to 2 or m greater than equal to 2 this particular step is kind of common so here again as you see I have written only for two components so you let uv be the unique maximal non-negative solutions to 5 and suppose that tmax is finite so this is Neumann condition this is Lipschitz and Vl1 Vl1 holds then there exists this constant which depends on the diffusion coefficients such that for each fixed t in the interval we obtain this particular bound we see that the L1 norms are all bounded so one sees that this constant is going to depend on t so the proof of L1 estimates is like again I wouldn't say it is difficult but of course one needs to add the solutions and then one uses the given data particularly this L1 condition and uses ground wall inequality to arrive at the required application of ground wall inequalities to arrive at the required result so here I have written for for 2 functions remember for m equal to 2 I am assuming one of them is bounded so assuming one of the say so here I am already so it already means that V is in L1 so here I am saying that U is going to be in L1 on boundary also there is L1 bound for V also the L1 bound holds also let me mention that this one really doesn't require one of the functions to be bounded over here I have not used that property over here so this L1 estimate is a common feature for either m equal to 2 or m greater than equal to 2 and it does not use one of the functions or any component function to be bounded so is there any question because I am not seeing anyone is there any question I don't know because I don't think that of yours yeah so there was a question in the chat again so now I wasn't sure if Claudio also had one but the question again from Boli is in the chat he is saying that I am actually trying to improve reaction diffusion in epidemic systems are there are biological implications of an isotropy in the epidemic model I don't know if this is maybe I would I mean often I cannot say anything unless I see the equation okay and then we have another question so Claudio would like to see again equation 5 yeah you please stop me I am not looking at this I cannot see chat or anything here so you can stop me and ask yes now this question just came in this from Claudio so yeah yeah here yes there is an error there there is an error here please it is this I should have written here so I think you can go on yeah so I was talking about the proof yes so for m equal to 2 okay so why did we do m equal to 2 separate and m greater than equal to separate so again as I said since our work is based on my collaborators work recent work and I think it is quite interesting because there is a paper by Martin Hollis where they are dealing with two components and where they assume one of them is bounded and they prove global existence again only for stationary case they prove for stationary case and they use different techniques I think it is semi-group they use techniques of semi-group if I am correct to prove the result so in her recent work my collaborator proved this result that is when m is equal to 2 one of them is bounded she used duality and lay up on our function type of functional to prove this so without using the semi-group theory methods yeah so it was natural that we extend the similar ideas to the evolving or deforming domain case so that is what I have written here that we prove is combination of duality argument so the duality argument gives you LP bounds for the component functions and then if you want to extend so what one usually does is that you assume T max is finite if you want to show T max is infinity so you assume by contradiction T max is finite and then the duality argument gives you LP bounds and what one does is one uses lay up on our type of functional which is defined by this particular polynomial so as you can see I have written it only for two components case so one uses this kind of functional and derives you differentiate it with respect to T you derive one more type of inequality using this functional and then you try to not try then you show that the solution is bounded up to the boundary T equal to T max okay so then then that would be a contradiction to the local existence where we have already shown that the component solution go to infinity goes to infinity as T approaches T max so that is how one arrives at a contradiction to the fact that T max is finite so the novelty in her work was this lay up on our functional which is nice it is much simpler than a similar functional which was used for general M components by in work of Koachi and his collaborator where they had slightly more complicated polynomial it is still a polynomial equation but yeah so thetas here are constants so here there is just one theta so this is a constant there is a choice of theta involved over here where the condition which are given on G that is used so that is the proof and of course what I would like to say is that for M in general in general if we don't assume that any of the component is bounded when you don't make any assumption on any component then one can still use this this is something which we have just recently done one can extend this polynomial to general M so here instead of just uv you can write it down for u1, u2, um and again use Lyapunov type of arguments like a differentiated and then try to estimate get LP bounds and then you use trace theorems embeddings and you will get contradiction with the assumption that Tmax is finite so this is something that we have been working on I think last couple of months and yeah I think I have not really shown you any proof but this is the thing which I would like to end with over here so let me show these are the references this is not comprehensive so this is the paper of Fitt's review and these are some of the references this is paper of cross as you see that it's very recent they are quite beautiful pictures over here and yeah this is Plaza's paper if someone needs reference for Sandra Shekhar's paper maybe I can give so this is the recent work which has been already accepted of my collaborator on which our results are based I would like to make a remark here that as I mentioned Sandra Shekhar had also Sandra Shekhar and his collaborators had also proved global existence for evolving domains but what they had done is that in their analysis they had changed, used a transformation to change your instead of Delta T you work with Delta T as we have tried to do in our books that's what that's one I think one major difference which we have also I think that is all that I would like to say there are a lot of things which we are planning to work on because we plan to develop this for interactions surface and bulk surface interaction of reaction diffusion equations and that is in progress so the paper will be on archive maybe in couple of days so yeah I think I would like to end over here if someone wants to see more details I can share with them and I think I would like to end here okay so thank you very much for a very interesting talk so do we have any questions if so you may feel free to unmute yourself and ask for you can also type in the chat and I will relay the question because I cannot see the yes so we'll see so perhaps while people are thinking if you have a question or not I can ask so from the point of view of a completely non-expert of course in this I was just trying to understand a bit better your assumptions in the global existence PRM so yeah I don't understand them very well so maybe if you could explain a bit more see how this for example this assumption here yeah some should be well what does it mean sort of more at least speaking let's say not just technically yeah I think this is relating all the non-linear functions which appears on the right hand side so it probably gives you a combined condition that you cannot so this is like a diagonal matrix acting on the vector F1 F2 Fm okay you have a diagonal matrix A1 A2 Am which acts on F1 F2 Fm and in fact I should mention that this condition I think it has its origin in math biology or the problems which they consider some of these conditions appear naturally okay since you asked in fact one of the original conditions with which my collaborator has worked with is what is called as intermediate some condition where instead of a diagonal matrix you have a lower triangular matrix and that condition was formulated by Morgan so if one sees their papers one has references to that condition which is slightly more so I should say these conditions naturally occur in the real life applications it's possible to explain why or how they occur naturally or something just very basic way for example I don't know if my I am too new to the subject to comment on these but the examples which are there the functions on the right hand side whatever nonlinearities they put they do satisfy such conditions as I said this is slightly stronger the intermediate some condition is slightly more common it covers more general general varied kind of applications so I am sorry I am also but at least that is what I have seen that in the examples which are cited or where the works are there these conditions are satisfied yes okay so any other questions okay we cannot hear you well or not at all actually at least I cannot so okay so glad you will type I think and in the meantime I have a question in the chat from Johanna who is asking are there uniform in time L1 estimates no I don't think so so we have the answer yes from I think is this your collaborator or mention in the talk yeah good okay okay they said this is work in progress but the way I have mentioned here the estimate depends on time the way I have mentioned in this result here the way we have it so also if you want uniform estimates I think we require one has to be here it is time that's what yeah so that's my collaborator so thank you one then okay and then we have another question I did not understand how the domain evolves in equation 5 so we go back to this evolves in the so actually actually what I have done here is we have this is my original equation this is my original equation where so what I have done is that I have I have written so now if I do uxt equals to we have this uxt is once I substitute this my x depends x is in domain omega so if I want to go to the c I will have to use this relation to go back to c the usual reaction diffusion equation does not involve this term it does not involve delta t have I answered this question I am not sure I cannot see the chat okay yes we have no answer yet from Claudia but they think he's typing something okay well in the meantime we have people saying thank you for the web conference so for the talk so you're welcome for listening to me but yeah here I in this equation it is the evolution is visible in the operator and this linear term okay so we have a follow up question here so from Claudia saying but do you prescribe the evolution of omega t prior to finding the solution of u or not yes yes so it is given by 80x the flow is given by this omega t is 80 times omega so it is prescribed the flow is prescribed okay so any more questions if not I think we can thank the speaker again for this very interesting talk and I will hope to see you all next week on November 19 for the next speaker and here is also