Dried fruits are unique, tasty, and nutritious. Sometimes called nature's candy, dried fruit tastes sweeter because the water has been removed, concentrating the fruit's flavor. This also concentrates the nutrients, so dried fruit is a nutrient-packed package. Dried fruit can be eaten as a snack, added to cereals, muffins, even ice cream. It is important to choose produce of high quality and at the desired stage of ripeness as drying does not improve the quality of fruits. Follow directions for preparing and treating fruits carefully so that quality is maintained. Hi, I'm Julie Cascio with the University of Alaska Fairbanks Cooperative Extension Service. Fruit is ideal for drying because of its naturally high sugar content. Fruit is high in acid and thus less prone to spoilage in microorganisms. Fruits should be at the desired stage of ripeness for best quality when dried. Fruits with high water content such as oranges or other citrus fruits are not suitable for drying. Do not use under-ripe produce. Fruits to be used in leathers can be overripe as long as they are not spoiled. Equipment for drying fruits using a food dehydrator includes a portable electric dehydrator with an enclosed heating element, fan, and enclosed thermostat that ranges from 85 to 145 degrees Fahrenheit with a dial for regulating temperature. Mesh trays, nonstick cooking spray, knife and cutting board, slotted spoon, spatula, timer, small bowl, pretreatment powder and measuring spoon, and containers for storing the dried fruit. Because fruits contain sugar and are sticky, spray the drying trays with nonstick cooking spray before placing the fruit on the trays. Prepare only as much fruit as there is room to dry at one time. Wash fruit in cold running water, which I've done, to remove the dirt, insect larvae, and any surface microorganisms. Trim away bruises or soft spots, remove stems, pits, or cores. Peels may be left on the fruit, but they do get tough or brittle when dried. Also, drying time increases when peels are left on. Slice uniformly about ¼ to ½ inch thick for even drying, shorter drying time, and more nutritious, better quality food. These strawberries smell so good. Pretreatments prevent fruits from darkening and may help retain nutrients. Common options for pretreating fruit include ascorbic acid mixtures and fruit juice dips. Ascorbic acid or vitamin C, mixed with water, is a safe way to prevent fruit browning. Mix ½ teaspoon of powdered ascorbic acid, or 1500 milligrams, crushed ascorbic acid tablets, to 1 cup water. Place fruit in the solution for 3 to 5 minutes. We're going to use apples. We want to separate the pieces, too, slices, so they all are exposed to the ascorbic acid solution. When the fruit has set for 3 to 5 minutes, then we'll remove the fruit, drain it well, and place it on the drier trays. After using the dipping solution twice, add more ascorbic acid. If using a commercial antioxidant, such as fruit fresh or ever fresh, follow the label directions for the cut fruit. Hold the fruit in the solution no longer than 1 hour, because the fruit will absorb moisture and it will take longer for drying to be complete. Another option is to dip the fruit in a fruit juice that is high in vitamin C. Today we're going to use pineapple juice. Place enough juice to cover the fruit in the bowl, and then add your cut fruit. Again, separating them. Allow the fruit to soak 3 to 5 minutes. Then remove the fruit, drain well, and place on drier trays. I'm just checking my time. This solution may be used twice before it needs to be replaced. Light colored fruits, such as pears, peaches, nectarines, and apricots, may use sulfur treatments to prevent browning, protect vitamins A and C during drying and storage, and help retain that fresh fruit flavor and increase the shelf life of the fruit. For long-term storage, sulfite dips are an effective pretreatment. Sulfite dips can be prepared and used in the kitchen, and sulfite dip fruits can be dried indoors. There are several disadvantages of sulfite dips. Penetration of sulfite may be uneven, resulting in uneven color retention. Recent research also indicates that certain asthmatics may react adversely to sulfites. Persons who are sensitive to sulfites should avoid preparing or eating sulfite-treated foods. Sulfite fumes will be given off during the drying process. Also, if sodium bisulfite is added to water for steam blanching, fumes will escape with the steam. To make a sulfite dip, dissolve ¾ teaspoon of food grade sodium bisulfite per quart of water. Soak ¼ inch thick fruit slices for 5 minutes. Soaking times vary with the type of fruit and thickness of slices. Cherry's grapes, blueberries, and small dark plums that are dried whole may require a short heat treatment called checking to remove a naturally occurring waxy coating and to crack the skins. Checking speeds up drying by allowing interior moisture to evaporate. If checking is not done, there's a greater chance of case hardening, which is the formation of a hard shell on the outside with moisture trapped within the fruit. This may occur more readily when fruit is dried in an oven rather than a dehydrator. Fruit to be checked should be immersed in briskly boiling water for 30 to 60 seconds, then dunked in cold water and drained on paper towels. Treatment time depends on the thickness of the skins. Checking can be done in a microwave oven by heating on high about 20 to 30 seconds, then chilling. Some flavor loss may result from the checking process. Now that these fruits have been pre-treated, we're going to put them on the trays that have been sprayed with non-stick cooking spray. It makes it so much easier to get the fruits off. The bananas were pre-treated in fruit juice with a high vitamin C content, in this case pineapple juice. In fact, we used canned pineapple to get the juice, and the canned pineapple can also be dehydrated. You don't have to do anything to it, just spread it out on the tray. We also pre-treated apples in an ascorbic acid solution. We'll spread those out in a single layer in peaches that were done in the bisulfite solution. Then we'll put them in the dehydrator and start the dehydrator. About halfway through the dehydrating process, and it usually takes six to eight hours, depending upon the thickness of your slices. We're going to turn the fruit so they don't stick. In fact, I would check them at about a couple of hours, at about two hours into the process, to make sure that you can prevent sticking, and then maybe another two hours. It's good to turn them again. That's where the spatula comes in handy. When dried fruit is taken from the dehydrator or oven, the remaining moisture may not be distributed equally among the pieces, because of their size or their location in the dehydrator. Conditioning is a process used to equalize the moisture and reduce the risk of mold growth. To condition the fruit, take the dried fruit that has cooled and pack it loosely in plastic or glass jars. Seal the containers and let them stand for seven to ten days. The excess moisture in some pieces will be absorbed by the dryer pieces. Shake the jars daily to separate the pieces and check the moisture for moisture condensation. If condensation develops in the jar, return the fruit to the dehydrator for more drying. This one looks good. After conditioning, package and store the fruit. Store dried foods in glass jars with tight-fitting lids or vapor-proof freezer cartons or plastic bags. Screw lids or covers on glass jars to prevent insect contamination, but it is not necessary to heat process the jars. Metal cans may be used if fruit is first placed in plastic bags. Let's check on our fruit. This is some fruit that was dried for about eight hours. We have strawberries and blueberries. Strawberries are leathery, and the blueberries rattle. You can hear them when I put them together. These are ready to be packaged. I'm just going to take my blueberries and add them to my glass jar. When they're in the jar, I will put the date and any pretreatments that I did. In this case, I checked the blueberries on the top of the jar so that I remember what I did. Dried fruits can be eaten. They will keep up to one month at room temperature in a cool, dry, dark place. For storage up to one year, place the tightly-wrapped dried fruit in the freezer. Low temperatures extend the shelf life. Dried fruits can be eaten as nutritious snacks or can be soaked in water or juice and used in favorite recipes. Use one and a half to two cups of water for each one cup of dried fruit. Soaked dried apples about a half an hour, pear and peaches they need to soak for an hour. Cook reconstituted fruit by simmering in a covered pan in the soaking water. Adding a little lemon, orange or grapefruit juice to the fruit just before serving will give it a fresh fruit flavor and add vitamin C. Enjoy eating the nature's candy you have preserved.


For all those watching our videos and exchange for media, I make sure I'm here to interview Pulkit Trivedi, director of Facebook India. So Pulkit, if you can tell our viewers a little about today's Facebook KPMG Travel Report launch and regarding the growing travel industry and how it will help the brands and how the brands can benefit from this business proposition. Sure. I think travel is at a very exciting stage in India. If you look at all industry reports, domestic travel will be a $50 billion industry, largely led by airline and hotel growth. Given how the internet population in India is increasing at the back of connected smartphones, travel is increasingly becoming more and more mobile centric. Travel as a sector is also very, very personalized, which means that people now are becoming more demanding and given the fact that they spend more and more time on mobile phones, travel is an experience, whether it is dreaming about travel, planning about travel and sharing your experiences post-travel is becoming increasingly more mobile dependent. So our endeavor here is to unearth some of the consumer behavior that travelers depict in the context of a growing mobile phone user base. And what we are trying to do here is unlock the various aspects of how consumers drop across various stages of the funnel, starting from awareness to consideration to intent to purchase. So what are some of the factors that lead consumers to abandon their purchase journey across each of these stages in the path to purchase? And what we call that is friction. So ultimately the objective of this report is to present insights on what causes friction at each stage of this path to purchase journey and what are some of the dominant friction points led by media, right? And when you combine all of these insights, it will help brands and businesses to shape their mobile strategies in a much more meaningful way. Let me give you two headlines on what this report is talking about. The number one headline is because of media friction, there is a loss of revenue for all the businesses and brands. If you were to reduce friction by the use of or integrating mobile appropriately in your business stack, there is an upside of $42 billion that you can achieve by 2022. Half of that influence, mobile influence across airline and hotel industry is going to be influenced by Facebook. And that's a huge revenue opportunity or upside that business and brands will care about. And these insights will help businesses shape their media strategies in a form that fits their overall mobile mix strategies in the best possible way. So our endeavor is to take this report to organizations and help them craft their overall strategies which help them grow their business, acquire more consumers and strengthen their brand proposition. Thank you. Thank you.


WIPO's CDIP met May 15th through 19th here at WIPO headquarters in Geneva. Irfan, I understand that there was a breakthrough and a long simmering issue during the session. Can you tell us about that, please? Thanks. Yes, indeed it made progress on a very long standing from 2010 issue. These are two issues. One is which are the relevant WIPO bodies that should provide a report to the General Assembly on their activities related to the development agenda. The second was a proposal by a group of countries to have a standing agenda item on the committee's agenda. In 2013 the General Assembly referred the issue back to the CDIP to discuss and make a recommendation. So from 2010 up to 2017 it's been a long time. Finally there was a breakthrough and there was an agreement. There will be a standing agenda item on the committee's agenda in the future and on the other hand the issue of relevant WIPO bodies. There was a compromise and issues resolved. That sounds like very good news. Were there any other advancements to report? Quite a few in fact CDIP deals with numerous issues but if I can just mention a few. We had a director's report which we provide annually to the committee. It provides a broad overview of the activities of the organization. We had our first report on the issue of SDGs with regard to the organization's efforts to assist the member states to implement SDGs. There's another issue to have a standing agenda item on the committee with regard to SDGs. That was postponed to the next session. We have had the recommendations of the independent review that was conducted. Last year it was a six year review and the recommendations have been discussed. We'll be continuing the implementation and discussion on the recommendations. Transfer of technology, they were quite a few decisions. They were the decision during the last session based upon a proposal made by three countries. So we are implementing those. There was another decision. There was also a project proposal made by a country that was approved. So we have substantial work in the domain of technology transfer. We also had technical assistance. There was an agreement during the last session of the CDIP on technical assistance. So we are implementing one by one those activities and we will be coming back to the committee to report as to what we're doing. Thanks Harris. Thanks very much Irfan.


Some people, I'll just comment on something that's going on on the on the on the on the chat. Some people conflate the idea in this world. The certain people can only think in two dimensions. You can only be a leftist or a rightist. So if you're against the right, you're by definition a left. And if you're against the left, you're by definition right. And people like that can't actually place objectivism. Because objectivism in the political map today is neither left nor right. As I've often said, the real political line is between collectivism and individualism. It has nothing to do with left to right. Left and right today are both collectivists. You can be shockingly, I know this is a shock to some people, you can be both anti-left and anti-right at the same time. By being pro-individualism, by being pro-capitalism, by being pro-freedom, you would actually by definition be anti-left and anti-right at the same time. So you cannot be an objectivist and a leftist. But they conflate objectivism with left because objectivists don't go get all excited by supporting the right. So, since they can only think in dualities, you either left or right, and you're not pro-right, so you must be pro-left. And, you know, get over it, guys. Get over it. And you don't start thinking using your mind. It's there for a purpose. And get away from the tribalism and the kind of dual thinking, this duality, that Ayn Rand talks a lot about, you know, objectivism is not intrinsic, it's subjective. We're not, you know, we're objective. A two-party system doesn't define who you are and what you are. There's a two-party system. Both a collectivist doesn't mean you're for this or for that. I'm against both. The fact that there's a two-party system doesn't change the fact that I reject both. As Ayn Rand did, Ayn Rand was often critical of the right and of the left and often didn't vote in elections. And sometimes, I think when she was younger, voted for the left because the right was so important to her. You've got to make decisions about individual rights, about freedom, about liberty, not about left to right, about liberty, not about Republicans versus Democrats. Now, we can disagree about which path goes towards liberty. But the fact that we disagree about which path goes to liberty and you don't agree with me does not make me or anybody else in this chat a leftist. It doesn't make us, if you're arguing from a different perspective, a rightist objectivist. Politics is not the politics of the right objectivist. Politics is the politics of individualism. And if the right is not individualistic as it's not today, then, yep. Daniel asked you on, you're making the absurd proposition that the left and right are both statist. Yeah, they are. Might one even call them mystics of various kinds? Yeah, both of them. Having non-fundamental disagreements with one another? Yeah, absolutely. And they're both altruistic in a sense that they both believe in the sacrifice of the individual to some collective goal. They just have different collective goals. They're both mystics. One worships Mother Earth and one worships Father in the skies, right? And they're both wrong on issue after issue after issue. Both two people both disagreeing with one another and being wrong. And this is the thing about the world. There are multiple ways in which you can be wrong. Multiple ways. An infinite number of ways. There's only one way of being right. But there are lots of ways of being wrong. And that's what we're seeing today. We're seeing left and right being wrong. And objectivism, I think, is right and has a right view of politics. And neither one of those views is any of the objectivist views are represented by left or right. So how can I be pro-right when my views are not being represented in the right? How can I be pro-left when my views are not represented in the left? I'm neither right nor left. And I know, I know, these are hard concepts because we're so trained to think in dualities and we're so trained to think in tribes and in collectives and in groups and in belonging. And we don't belong anywhere. And I know that's hard. It's lonely. And this issue of the stimulus, by the way, is a good example. I mean, Republicans and Democrats are going to vote for this. The right and the left are going to vote for it.  And we've spent $4 trillion, by the way, because both left and right wanted to. The right didn't stand up for capitalism. Trump didn't veto stimulus bailout bills. And we've been running trillion-dollar deficits during Trump administration. Is that a right I can support? Support. No. I can't support the left either because they want to run $2 trillion deficits. So I've got two evils and it's such a level of evil that I'm not sure there's a less of two evils. All right. What we need today, what I call the new intellectual, would be any man or woman who is willing to think. Meaning any man or woman who knows that man's life must be guided by reason, by the intellect. Not by feelings, wishes, wins, or mystic revelations. Any man or woman who values his life and who does not want to give in to today's cult of despair, cynicism, and impotence and does not intend to give up the world to the dark ages and to the role of the collectivist. All right. Before we go on, reminder, please like the show. We've got 163 live listeners right now, 30 likes. That should be at least 100. I figure at least 100 of you actually like the show.  But at least the people who are liking it, you know, I want to see a thumbs up. There you go. Start liking it. I want to see that go to 100. All it takes is a click of a thing, whether you're looking at this. And you know the likes matter. It's not an issue of my ego. It's an issue of the algorithm. The more you like something, the more the algorithm likes it. So, you know, and if you don't like the show, give it a thumbs down. Let's see your actual views being reflected in the likes. But if you like it, don't just sit there, help get the show promoted. Of course, you should also share. And you can support the show at your own book show dot com slash support on Patreon or subscribe star or locals and show you support for all for the work for the value. Hopefully you're receiving from this.  You'll know what shows are on when they're on. You'll get notified. So, yes, like, share, subscribe, support, like, share, subscribe, support. There you go. Easy. Do one or all of those please.


The Pipeville Police Department received a complaint of a suspicious individual on Marion's Branch. We had three officers respond when they got up here they made contact with the male subject and discovered he had a warrant on him. Once he determined that we knew he had a warrant, a foot pursuit, and sued over the hill onto the train tracks in the riverbank. During that pursuit we did have two officers that were injured and they are going to be transported to Pipeville Medical Center for treatment. The suspect is also going to be transported for treatment. He was also injured during the pursuit. We do have him in custody at this time and we'll be able to release further a little bit later.


When your system experiences rage, to associate that rage as being something which has evolved in your system is essentially to accept ego. But if the approach is that that rage or that anger is something which has taken over the system, because the system called Sudama, a very beautiful name by the way, has lost its surrender in that moment. You cannot be angry, you cannot be enraged if you are in surrender.


So, we were discussing some two some test for the two sample scale problem. Let me consider now Socrates test. So, for this Socrates test let me define d i j is equal to 1 if y j is less than x i is less than 0 or 0 less than x i less than y j and it is equal to 0 otherwise. You can see that there is a little bit modification here. So, we are on one side of 0 like if y j is less than x i less than 0 or if y j is greater than x i greater than 0. In both the cases y j is further away than the 0 than x i from 0 than the x i. So, that is why you can see that this test is I mean it is different than the one with near this one because it is not simply based on the ordering of x i y j, but also that positioning from the 0 and we then define the statistic as double summation d i j i is equal to 1 to m j is equal to 1 to n. So, what will mean small t? Small t indicates more 0s among d i j s that means x's are more variable than y's and so theta will be greater than 1 and large t will indicate that is y's are more variable than x's that is theta is less than 1. So, you can see that this is a very very natural kind of definition that has been taken by Sukhatne. However, let us show the calculations for this. Let us consider say pi that is the probability of d i j is equal to 1 in terms of that we will actually derive the mean and variance etcetera of this statistic. So, this is equal to probability of y j less than x i less than 0 or 0 less than x i less than y j. So, that is equal to probability of y j less than x i less than 0 plus probability of 0 less than x i less than y j because these are two disjoint events. So, we can write it as the sum of the probabilities. Now, using the conditioning argument on x. So, we can express it like for example, if I consider y j less than x i less than 0. So, this we can consider as the conditioning on x i is y j less than x into the distribution of x, but x is up to 0 only. So, it will be from minus infinity to 0, but this can be written as simply g y x d f x. Similarly, if I consider probability of 0 less than x i less than y j, then this is equal to 0 to infinity probability of y j greater than x d f x. Then this becomes 1 minus the c d f of y ok. So, what we do? Let us consider under H naught. So, under H naught pi will become equal to minus infinity to 0.  So, let us put say f x is equal to say u, then pi will become equal to at minus infinity this is 0 at 0 this will become half. So, this is becoming u du plus 0 to half well this is actually second one will become half to 1 and this is 1 minus u du. So, both are actually 1 by 8 plus 1 by 8 that is equal to 1 by 4. So, under the null hypothesis the probability that d i j is equal to 1 is actually becoming equal to 1 by 4. So, if I consider the expectation of t under the null hypothesis of course, this is equal to double summation d i j. So, that is equal to m n pi, but under the null hypothesis this is simply becoming m n by 4. So, you can see that actually the symmetry will come around this value. Let us look at similarly the variance term here. So, variance t is equal to we can write the general term covariance d i j d i prime j prime where the sum is over all i's and j's here. So, this is then equal to expectation of d i j d i prime j prime minus pi square i j i prime j prime. So, this value will be 1 only when d i j and d i prime j prime both are 1 in all other cases this will be equal to 0. So, this is simply equal to the probability of d i j is equal to 1 and d i prime j prime is equal to 1. So, we can express it as double summation well quadruple summation probability of d i j is equal to 1 d i prime j prime is equal to 1 minus pi square. Another thing that we observed since this d i j is based on x i and y j therefore, d i prime j prime will be based on x i prime y j prime since the random samples are taken therefore, this will be totally independent. So, this can be written separately here. So, that is equal to so, let me express it in full form here there will be all cases i can be equal to i prime j can be equal to j prime and so on. So, let us consider all the cases here. So, one case is when i is equal to i prime j is equal to j prime then this will become simply double summation. So, this term then can be written as if i and j i is equal to i prime j is equal to j prime then this term will become probability of d i j is equal to 1 only minus pi square. Now, let us consider other case one case will be when i is equal to i prime j is not equal to j prime. So, then in that case this will become triple summation that is i j j prime. So, this is then equal to probability of d i j is equal to 1 d i j prime is equal to 1 minus pi square. Now, this we have to calculate separately. So, let me give a notation for this will become pi 1. So, this is again pi here this is pi 1 then there will be another case the other case will be when i is not equal to i prime, but j is equal to j prime. So, this is i i prime j. So, this is probability of d i j is equal to 1 probability of d i prime j is equal to 1 minus pi square. This one let us name it as pi 2 and then there will be the choice when all of them are different that is i i prime j j prime here i is not equal to i prime j is not equal to j prime. This is probability d i j is equal to 1 d i prime j prime is equal to 1 minus pi square. In this case this is actually equal to d i j is equal to 1 d i prime j prime is equal to 1. Why? Because x i x i prime y j y j prime they are all independent. So, d i j will become independent of d i j prime d i prime j prime. So, then this is nothing but pi square. So, pi square minus pi square that is becoming equal to 0. So, this term vanishes we are left with this this and this term. So, in terms of the notations pi pi square pi 1 pi 2 etcetera we can express it as. So, then this we write as m n pi minus pi square plus m n into n minus 1 pi 1 minus pi square plus m n into m minus 1 pi 2 minus pi square. Let us look at the counting of these terms. Here we are taking over all i j. So, there will be m n terms. In the second one here I am taking i is equal to i prime, but j is not equal to j prime. So, these are n into n minus 1 and i's are m. So, m into n into n minus 1 pi 1 minus pi square. And then in the third one j is equal to j prime. So, that is n terms and then i is not equal to i prime that is m into m minus 1 term. So, it becomes m n into m minus 1 pi 2 minus pi square. And the last one which is actually m into m minus 1 n into n minus 1, but actually this is becoming 0 because this is pi square minus pi square. So, we are left with this much only. Now, let us consider the expressions for these quantities under general and null hypothesis. So, pi 1 let us look at for example. So, that is equal to d i j is equal to 1 d i j prime is equal to 1 where j is not equal to j prime. So, that is equal to probability of y j less than x i less than 0 or 0 less than x i less than y j that is d i j is equal to 1. And we will be taking intersection with the event y j prime less than x i less than 0 or 0 less than x i less than y j prime. So, then this is becoming equal to here you can notice here x i is fixed here. So, we can do the conditioning on that. So, this becomes probability of y j less than x less than 0 or 0 less than x less than y j intersection y j prime less than x less than 0 or 0 less than x less than y j prime d f x. So, that is equal to y j and y j prime are independent. Therefore, these two probabilities can be written as the product here y j less than x less than 0 0 less than x less than y j. In fact, you can write it as sum here into probability of y j prime less than x less than 0 plus probability of 0 less than x less than y j prime d f x. So, since j and j prime y j and y j prime have the same distribution therefore, this quantity will be same as this. So, we can write it as the square term here. So, that is equal to probability of y j less than x less than 0 square d f x minus infinity to infinity probability of 0 less than x less than y j square d f x plus twice minus infinity to infinity probability of y j less than x less than 0 into probability 0 less than x less than y j d f x. Now, you look at this one. See, this is saying y j less than x and of course, x is less than 0. This is y j greater than x. Now, under the same distribution of f that means, same distribution of x we are having two disjoint sets here. So, these two are disjoint sets. If these are two disjoint sets, therefore, this should be equal to 0 because this joint these two events cannot occur together. Like, if I have to put integral then for this one it is minus infinity to 0, for this one it has to be 0 to infinity. So, both of them cannot occur simultaneously. So, this term will become simply equal to 0. So, this one now it is equal to minus infinity to 0. This is the c d f of y square into d f x and the second one is then 0 to infinity 1 minus the c d f of x d f x. So, this is the general expression now we have obtained for pi 1.   So, u square d u. So, this is then becoming equal to 1 by 12. This will become 1 by 3 here. So, u cube by 3. So, when you put 2 here 1 by 24 plus 1 by 24 is equal to 1 by. In a similar way if you look at the expression for pi 2. In pi 2 what is happening? The roles of x i and y j's you can interchange. So, I will not write the expression for that now in full detail. Pi 2 can be obtained from pi 1 by interchanging the role of x's and y's. So, under h naught the expression pi 2 will then become equal to 1 by 12. So, variance of t under h naught that is m n 1 by 4 3 by 4 that is pi minus pi square plus m n into n minus 1 1 by 12 minus 1 by 16 plus n m into n m minus 1 1 by 12 minus 1 by 16. Of course, you can simplify this. It becomes m n into m plus n plus 7 divided by 48. So, the null distribution of Socrates test statistic has been obtained here. The expectation t is m n by 4 and the variance of t under the null hypothesis is obtained. So, this Socrates test statistic can also be used for deriving the for testing the scale problem 2 sample scale problem. As I mentioned here that the small t indicates that theta is greater than 1, a large t will indicate theta less than 1. So, this can be used for the and also we have obtained the null distribution of that. As I mentioned now I am discussing the large sample property of the test for the nonparametric situations. So, this property is called the consistency of statistical tests. So, you can actually think of the consistency property of the estimator. In the point estimation, how do we define the consistency? We consider that the probability that the estimator approaches the true value of the parameter converges to 1. In the case of testing, we can consider the power function. If the power function approaches 1 that means the power becomes large and large as the sample size increases then we can consider it as a consistent test. So, it is similar to the consistency of the estimator in the sense that here the power will increase here. So, let me define here. Let t n be a level alpha test based on test statistic based on n observations for testing H naught say g belongs to omega null versus H 1 g belongs to omega alternative which is actually equal to omega minus omega null. This is my testing problem here. Then the test based on t n is consistent if probability say g belongs to omega alternative rejecting H naught. This is goes to 1 as n tends to infinity. So, it is same as the power of the test going to 1. Let me consider a simple application of this. Let us consider say observations from a normal distribution with mean theta and variance unity and we are considering the standard test for the hypothesis testing problem theta is equal to 0 against theta greater than 0. So, consider the most powerful that is we call it UMP test here uniformly most powerful test that is reject H naught if root n x n bar is greater than z alpha that is a level alpha test here. So, we consider at a point theta 1. So, let us take say theta 1 greater than 0. What is the power at this point? Root n x bar greater than z alpha that is equal to probability of root n x bar minus theta 1 greater than z alpha minus root n theta 1. When theta is equal to theta 1 this will have the standard normal distribution. So, this is probability of z greater than z alpha minus root n theta 1. Now, as n tends to infinity what happens here? Here theta 1 is positive. Therefore, this value will go to minus infinity. So, z greater than minus infinity this will go to 1 as n tends to infinity. So, root n x n bar is a consistent test statistic and this test is actually consistent that is root n x n bar greater than z alpha this is consistent test region that is consistent critical region here. In the non-parametric situation directly specifying this kind of thing is difficult here. So, because we do not have the knowledge of the probability distribution here. So, we cannot write down this kind of statement. So, we define in a different way in non-parametric situations this type of testing is difficult since we do not have any knowledge of the distribution of x's except that it is continuous. Let us consider suppose the test statistic v n based on a sample of size n satisfies v n converges to mu of g in probability as n tends to infinity. And the function mu satisfies mu g is equal to mu naught if g belongs to omega null and it is greater than mu naught if g belongs to omega alternative. Let me give this numbering here. So, we have the following result then regarding the consistency here. Suppose v n is a test statistic for the situation 1, 1 is the hypothesis testing problem g belongs to omega null against h 1 g belongs to omega alternative. So, suppose v n is a test statistic for testing problem 1 and rejects h naught for large values and satisfies 2 and 3. So, that means it is consistent that is convergence in probability to mu g function and this mu g itself satisfies that under the null hypothesis it is equal to some fixed value mu naught and under the alternative hypothesis it is greater than mu naught. So, basically we are trying to put it in the framework of a parametric testing problem here. Suppose further that there is a constant sigma naught such that root n v n minus mu naught by sigma naught converges in distribution to standard normal distribution for all that means under the null hypothesis. Then there exists a sequence of critical values there exists a sequence of critical values k n such that v n is asymptotically of size alpha and probability of v n greater than or equal to k n under g is going to 1 as n tends to infinity for all g in the alternative. Asymptotically size alpha we let me define here. Test based on v n is called asymptotically size alpha if k n are such that alpha n is equal to probability v n greater than or equal to k n goes to alpha as n tends to infinity for all g belonging to omega null. Let me prove this. So, let z alpha be the upper 100 alpha percent point of the standard normal distribution. So, let us define say k n is equal to mu naught plus z alpha sigma naught by root n. So, let us consider say alpha n is equal to probability of v n greater than or equal to k n. So, that is equal to probability of root n v n minus mu naught by sigma naught greater than or equal to z alpha. So, alpha n goes to alpha by 4. We have assumed here the asymptotic normality here and v n is asymptotically size alpha. Now, we fix here g star belonging to omega c and define epsilon is equal to z alpha. So, this is equal to mu g star minus mu naught divided by 2. So, by 3 this epsilon will be greater than 0 and for sufficiently large n, k n is less than mu naught plus epsilon. Since k n goes to mu naught from 6. So, this is equal to 0. From 7 we will have mu naught is equal to mu of g star minus 2 epsilon. Hence, k n less than mu of g star minus epsilon.  So, this implies that probability of modulus v n minus mu of g star less than epsilon for the distribution g star, it is less than or equal to probability of v n greater than or equal to k n under the distribution g star that is less than or equal to 1. Now, by the equation number 2 that we have taken here that is v n goes to mu g as n tends to infinity. So, therefore, the left hand side goes to converges to 1. Hence, probability of v n greater than or equal to k n goes to 1. Since g star was arbitrarily fixed in omega c, the theorem is proved. We will prove the consistency of some standard test here. Let us consider say consistency of the sign test here. The sign test that we had introduced firstly for testing whether the median is equal to 0 or greater than 0 or less than 0. So, let us consider here k is the sign test statistic. So, let us define say k bar is equal to k by n. So, probability of k bar minus 1 minus f of minus theta greater than epsilon. This is less than or equal to by Shevy Shev's inequality 1 minus f of minus theta into f of minus theta divided by n and this goes to 0 as n tends to infinity.  Mu of f theta is equal to half and it is greater than half for theta greater than 0 and the sign test separates the null hypothesis f belonging to omega naught theta is equal to 0 from the alternative f belonging to omega naught theta is greater than 0. The consistency set for the sign test is the class of absolutely continuous distributions with unique positive median and the required asymptotic normality will follow from the fact that k minus expectation k divided by square root of variance k has asymptotic standard normal distribution with mu naught is equal to half and sigma naught is equal to half. Any reasonable test should be actually consistent. Therefore, actually consistency does not provide a criteria for distinguishing among test. However, if a test is not consistent then certainly it is a defective test. So, that means basically all the good test must be consistent test. So, let me just give it as a remark here certainly consistency is a desirable property for any test and so a test which is not consistent must be outright rejected. Let me consider a test which is not consistent, which is not consistent. So, let us consider say x 1, x 2, x n. Let x 1, x 2, x n be a random sample from a Cauchy distribution that is with pdf. Suppose I am considering the location form 1 by pi 1 plus x minus theta square. If we consider here actually we know the characteristic function. The characteristic function of Cauchy distribution that is phi t is equal to e to the power minus modulus t plus i times theta t. So, suppose for testing h naught theta is equal to 0 against alternative theta greater than 0, we reject if x bar is 0. Greater than or equal to c. So, if we consider this characteristic function of x bar then it is same as phi of t by n to the power n that is equal to e to the power same thing basically because of this form it will turn out to be phi t itself. So, what we are concluding here is that. So, x bar has exactly the same distribution as x i that is it is independent of n. So, power function of x bar does not depend upon n. So, power cannot converge to one. As n tends to infinity. So, x bar does not give a consistent test. So, this is an example of a bad test. I have proved the consistency of the sin test. Let us also consider the consistency of the Wilcoxon test say. So, omega is the class of symmetric continuous distribution with median given by n and omega naught is the class where we say that median is equal to 0. So, we consider the following subsets of for alternative following subsets of omega minus omega naught. So, these are for defining the alternative hypothesis here. Let me call it gamma 1 that is f belongs to omega where g f is greater than half. So, basically here g f is probability of x 1 plus x 2 greater than 0 under null hypothesis this is equal to half omega 2 is the where g f is less than half and gamma 3 f belonging to omega greater g f is not equal to half. Let us consider here S n that is 2 t plus by n square. So, if I consider expectation of S n that is equal to 2 by n square into n into n plus 1 by 4. Naturally this will converge to half as n tends to infinity. Similarly, if I consider variance of S n then that is 4 by n to the power 4 variance of t plus that is n into n plus 1 into 2 n plus 1 by 24 that goes to 0 as n tends to infinity this goes to half. So, if I consider probability of S n minus half modulus being greater than epsilon then by Shevy Shev's inequality it is less than or equal to expectation of S n minus half square divided by epsilon square and this we simply split into 2 parts that is equal to 1 by epsilon square variance of S n plus 1 by 2 n whole square. So, this goes to 0 as n tends to infinity. So, what we have proved here that S n then converges to half in probability as n tends to infinity under H naught and the asymptotic distribution of S n is also normal. Hence the following tests will be consistent that is reject H naught if S n minus half is greater than C n for f belonging to gamma 1. Reject H naught if S n minus half is less than some C n star for f belonging to gamma 2 and thirdly reject H naught if modulus of S n minus half is greater than say C n double star for f belonging to gamma 3. All of these 3 test statistics will be consistent. Since this Man-Witney test was simply a variation here from the Wilcoxon let us prove the consistency of Man-Witney also. So, consistency of S n I will just like to explain once again here the consistency of the Wilcoxon sin rank statistic in the null hypothesis we are saying the median is 0. So, here we are saying the on either side that the median is greater than 0 less than 0 or not equal to 0. So, to prove this what we considered is that consistency and the asymptotic normality then for the one sided alternative that is theta greater than 0 when we are having the right hand side as the rejection region then this is a consistent test. For the m less than 0 when we have the alternative then the left hand rejection region is a consistent and the two sided rejection region will be consistent when we have the two sided alternative hypothesis here. Now let us consider consistency of Man-Witney test statistic. So, we define omega is equal to the class of all two sample problems. So, f and g are continuous distribution functions and gx is equal to f of x minus m. So, omega naught is the case when m is equal to 0 that means we are considering f g belonging to omega such that f and g are the same. Let us define g of f g that is equal to probability of y less than x. So, g of f f that is equal to f of x into df of x that is equal to integral du 0 to 1 that is equal to half that we call it is equal to g naught. So, we define the alternative hypothesis sets as f g such that g of f g is greater than half less than half gamma 2 or gamma 3. Let us consider here S mn that is equal to u mn divided by mn this u mn was the Man-Witney statistic. So, we are considering scaling by mn here. So, expectation of S mn that is equal to mn by 2 into 1 by mn that is simply equal to half that is equal to g naught. Let us consider variance of S mn that is equal to 1 by m square n square mn into m plus n plus 1 divided by 12 this goes to 0 as minimum of mn goes to infinity because here one of the mn will cancel out and the term will become 1 by m plus 1 by n plus 1 by mn. So, if minimum of mn goes to 0 then both of the terms will go to 0 and if I consider then S mn minus half probability of this greater than epsilon then this is less than or equal to well again we can show that this is less than or equal to variance of S mn by epsilon square this goes to 0. So, we are concluding that S mn goes to half in probability as minimum of mn goes to infinity under h naught and also the asymptotic distribution is established under h naught this goes to z following normal 0. Since these two properties are satisfied we conclude that the one with me test statistics will be consistent provided we define it in the following fashion. We have the three alternative hypothesis one is when we are considering g f g greater than half. So, we consider the right handed rejection region here we consider the left handed rejection region here we consider the two sided rejection region here. So, let me define it here therefore consistent tests based on one with me statistic are given by reject h naught if S mn minus half is greater than C mn for f g belonging to gamma 1 reject h naught if S mn minus half is less than C mn star for f g belonging to gamma 2 and thirdly reject h naught if modulus of S mn minus half is greater than C mn double star for f g belonging to gamma 3. So, all of these test functions are actually consistent tests here. Here we have considered two types of two sample problems in one of the two sample problems we are shifting by a location and in another one we are shifting by a scale. So, we want to know whether the shifting is actually significant or not that means like if we are shifting by the location then we are saying whether that shifting is on the positive direction or it is in the negative direction. Similarly, in the scale we are considering greater than one or less than one that means whether we are introducing more variability or we are considering less variability. One may also think of a general two sample problem in which we do not talk about the location scale rather we consider whether the two distributions are the same or not. It is something like we consider in the one sample problem that we test whether the given distribution function is of a given form. So, we have for example, a chi square test for goodness of it. We also introduce the Kalmogorov-ismirno test for the single sample problem. So, in a similar way if we consider a more general form of the hypothesis for a two sample problem that means we simply say whether the two distributions are the same or not then it becomes a you can consider it as a goodness of it problem and we can consider a Kalmogorov-ismirno two sample test for this. So, in the last lecture I will be actually discussing about the Kalmogorov-ismirno test and we will discuss the concept of the efficiency of the test also. So, in the next lecture we will take up this part here.


Moving towards next generation networks, it is going to be quite interesting to look at how the traditional internet has been shaped up. In this module, we'd look at some of the enabling technologies. We also call them as enablers that helped us to look at internet, how it is shaped as of today. Then we'd look at the confluence of different networks, such as voice, video, and data, onto a single internet platform that makes internet to be like a socket. We'd look at all these terminologies here. To begin with, internet did not appear in overnight. It evolved from typical communications and communication technologies that strongly pushed the transmission of data between users for various applications. The users got excited when they realized that internet can be used as a means to transfer any kind of data between any user as long as data is represented in packets and as long as it complies to certain protocols which are the essentials of the internet. Internet saw that the existing networks which were supporting telephony, data, video, and audio, and, of course, messaging, were living in isolation. For instance, PSTNs were there for voice. For mobile, we had PLMNs. For data, we had these beeper networks. For video, we had the cable and the satellite networks. For audio, we had the audio broadcasting stations, as in FM and AM broadcasting stations. And messaging was also supported through, for instance, beepers. So internet realized that if all these technologies could be translated into packetized data streams, internet could provide a means for sharing this information amongst a variety of users. So slowly, we saw that the heterogeneous networks living in isolation disappeared, and internet came in the forefront. Of course, the beauty of internet is that it allows various devices with different sizes, shapes, and form factors can coexist as long as they're compatible with the internet. And internet does not care or doesn't bother much about what is the transmission medium. Radio, fiber optic, or electrical conductors could all be integrated into the internet. This leads us to considering internet as a socket. If you recall, in the electrical systems, we have the power plugs and the sockets, which when joined together result into the usage of electrical appliances for a variety of purposes. Here too, internet acts like a socket, where regardless of the underlying infrastructure, regardless of the type of data which is to be carried, internet provides a seamless means. The strength of internet that allows it to do so primarily owes to the protocols, especially at the network layer and the upper layers. For the lower layers, it is only a matter of integrating the underlying medium through a proper hardware technology.


Another core principle is neuroplasticity. The brain is plastic, it's flexible, it's elastic. It exists throughout the lifespan. You can learn until you die, basically. There are, however, notable developmental differences by age and many people have heard about all these great studies that say, oh no, the kids are sponges and zero to three and this is the main time of learning and there's so much new connections. Well, so this makes us think that, plasticity is something that's stronger and more important in the early years. Not 100% true. In fact, some of the things that happen later on in life, for example, in teen years, there's a whole lot of pruning going on. So not only are there new connections, but the brain is becoming very efficient and it's actually cutting off types of connections that are no longer useful.  Try to create these links and sometimes some of those are just not useful. Once you've figured out, for example, if we look at a brain of a kid learning to read, there is activity all over the place. They're trying all kinds of things, right? But if you look at an efficient reader, somebody who knows how to read really well, it looks like they're using a fraction of the brain space, the energy, the networks and that's true because they have realized this is the most efficient way to do it. So we realize that plasticity, the creation of new connections is really important. But the pruning that occurs afterwards is equally as important and this is very important to note. So number one idea is that plasticity exists throughout the lifespan. Number two is that pruning is also perhaps as important as neuroplasticity. The key is that plasticity, the creation of these new connections between groups of neurons, the strengthening of that that's visible through new white matter tracks or myelination that joins and creates a speedier transmission of electrical stimulus through the brain. That's important and it occurs throughout the lifespan. But how does this have any impact on teaching? It's basically plasticity is the physical manifestation of learning. But part of our problem is, part of the deal here is that sometimes, some teachers mistakenly think that, okay, there was a critical period and this kid just missed it. Instead of believing that all students can learn and they can improve and training always improves. It doesn't matter what your natural level of intelligence is, the more you rehearse something, the better you can get at it or the more permanent that particular behavior can become. So, and this connects onto an attitudinal element that teachers might have. Teachers have to believe that their kids can do this, that they will learn throughout the lifespan. Unfortunately, we still have two big misconceptions. One is that, okay, there's a critical period and these kids have passed it and so since he didn't learn foreign language before the teen years or because she didn't learn to read at a particular age, she never will or he never will be able to do that. That's not true. The order of steps is much more important than the age of a person. So we have to just believe in neuroplasticity. That's number one. The second point is very much linked and it's connected to Carol Dweck's work related to mindsets. Learning is fluid. It is not fixed. You oftentimes will hear a kid just because he's heard, you know, oh, I'll never be able to do that well because, well, my dad was the same way. He wasn't good either. So therefore, I inherited that from my dad. I will not be able to get better, something like that. That's just wrong. We know that people who believe in a fluid, who have a fluid mindset, who are open to the belief that, you know, I am not only my genes. I can be my own experience. So if I've decided that I can do this, I will do this. So being able to break out of that idea that you inherit and are locked in to the definition of yourself just based on your genetic makeup. So it's really important for us as teachers to really believe in this concept of plasticity and believe in our students and give them the space that they need and the time that they need to be able to achieve as much as they can based on their own potentials.


can run anything anywhere. I don't think they have personnel. I think what personnel they have is generally not too competent to ex-school teachers, things of that kind. They're third of their people short out there, and I don't think they're tight, they can take over when the troops move out, and so on and so forth. And even if you had to recall somebody like Fred Anderson or someone that has both a military and civilian background, I think it'd be much to be preferred to what the way we handle it now, and I don't think Lodge is any administrator. I think Porter's just gonna be his deputy as long as he's there. So I think we've got to find some new way to do it. Now how to do it without having to blow up is Mr. Anthony's problem, and I leave that up to you and Comer, but I am concerned that we're not any better off than we were three years ago, maybe not as well, and I do have a respect for the military or whatever, respect for chief of police that's had some training and protecting people from coming in with terror at night and things of that kind, and I don't think a school teacher's got much. I think temporarily it's kind of like a New Orleans disaster with IMS. You've got to have somebody that can command, take charge until you can teach the people until they can grow into it, and we just got to recognize that. We can't get the civilian personnel. We don't have experience training or anything else, and I think that's gonna do his job just to win a military victory as soon as it wins, he let them take over behind him. So you have to find some way to pull it together. If you make your recommendation, we'll try to get them together here.


Skipping for the basics to survive, that's it. Those are the words of Jamaica and Hamasroa, Neocon, Clunis, who took to social media to lament a lack of support. This is what she said. Nobody wants to talk about the lack of funding or sponsorships that track and field gets. If you are not ranked in the top 5, people don't take you serious. I am ranked in the top 30 in the world, 27 to be exact, while some countries would jump at the opportunity to help develop my talent, not mine. They don't help with anything outside of airfare and stay at national representative meets. And yes, I've been pleading for assistance from the J3As, the JOA, even the minister and no one is willing to help. How are athletes to survive? It costs me $120 for a massage and $150 for a Cairo and I can only afford one once a month. So when you all see athletes like me not getting to that next level or not performing up to standard, it's because we are not getting the help we need to be great. I am not asking for the world, I'm asking for the basic to survive, that's it. While in August, Clunis made history for Jamaica by becoming the first man or woman to compete in the Hammer's Row event at the World Championships. She finished 18th in qualifying, failing to make the final in Budapest. Her best mark was 58.00 meters, while of the automatic qualifying mark of 73.00. So Ricardo, I like to say you're the track and field man on the show. What's your take on Neoka's cry for help? Well first of all, let me start by saying that Clunis has tweeted subsequently to what we just showed you and well, she says since we first met this summer on to Grange, speaking about the sports minister, Olivia Babsegrange, has been nothing but a blessing. As a result, I sincerely apologize to her how the matter was portrayed and for any wounded feelings she may have felt. I could have been more specific in my statement to break up the talk. I am not in no way shape or form fighting any local organizations. I am stating facts on my situation. I wish it wasn't so, but it is what it is. I am doing my best with what I have, but I am at the point where my best isn't enough to get me where I need to be. So I just thought I would get that out there. That's important, yes. Yeah, quite important. Here's the thing though, Mariah, there are a few issues at play here. So one is the specific situation for Neoka Clunis, who is trying to get financial assistance to improve to the level that she feels her talent is capable of taking her and she is not getting that support as we speak. But there's a bigger issue for me. Before I get to the bigger issue though, as I understand it, and maybe this is why the apology has come to the minister, Olivia Grange, I'm not sure, but there is a national athletes insurance plan. It was only yesterday, incidentally, that minister Grange was at a function and she was suggesting not enough athletes are joining that insurance plan. Do you know what it comprises of? I'm going to get to that shortly. So at this stage apparently only 1,300 athletes are joined onto the plan and minister Grange is saying based on the number of athletes we have across sports, not just track and field now, there should be more on that national insurance plan. Now, as I understand it, we're talking about life insurance, well it's group insurance for life health and accident insurance. I think it is what it is. As I understand it, this type of coverage can help with a few of the things that Nayoka suggested. If you're talking about physio, if you're talking about... Cairo. Yeah, I'm not sure about the chiropractor, maybe not massage therapy. In some instances, depending on where you go, I guess, Nayoka is based overseas though, and so I'm not sure if it extends to athletes who are based overseas, I don't know if they can pay and then reclaim through the national insurance scheme. But I'm not sure if Nayoka is even aware that that exists and that is something that she could potentially tap into. So that is one thing. But that's where I wanted to ask the question. You found out about this yesterday? No. Or you knew about it? Well, since it came on stream. But I think, Ricardo, some of the athletes are not made away or these things... This is public knowledge. No, but you say it's public knowledge, right? But sometimes not everybody has the luxury of getting information like some of us do, like some athletes. And I could say that first, I've grown up around athletes, my sister plays in a team and all these different things. So things that we sometimes take for granted and think we know because of what we do, sometimes people are not aware of it. Yeah, and you know what, that could be right. I don't even want to go down that road because I think there is a bigger issue here. And it is the issue of generally whole support is given to athletes and this now specifically speaking to the National Association, the Jamaica Athletics Administrative Association. I'm very sure that the J3As will say that we help many athletes from time to time. And that is fine. I'm very sure that they do. I do have an issue with the process though and part of it goes back to what you are talking about, Mariah, in terms of the athletes being aware of how they access the type of assistance that is available. If you take for example the UK, they have a tier system where depending on the tier you fall in, there is a certain amount of support you can get. The criteria is clear and so you know exactly how you apply for that. That system does not exist in Jamaica and for me, that is a massive problem because that should exist. From a National Association standpoint, I think the J3As has to get to a stage where it is saying we have this amount of money for athletes financial assistance over a one-year period, a two-year period, a three-year period, whatever it is. We will be looking to support 30 athletes over this period. This is how you apply. This is the criteria. This is where you need to be ranked. This is how close you need to be and make it very clear so that athletes like Nyoka Clowness can tap into those opportunities. At this stage, it doesn't exist. As far as I understand it, what happens now is if you need support, you write to the National Association, they may or may not respond to you, but there is no clear criteria. So it almost comes across as, well, this person knows that person and so, yes, the support will go to that person and in my opinion, that is not good enough. I think that is the bigger conversation we need to be having and Nyoka, I think, has started that conversation and I personally am happy that she has started the conversation but this is only the beginning of how we go forward. Right. Even reading what she posted, Ricardo, it's very, very painful because when you think about you go to chiropractors and you go to physios and all those different things, the cost that she quoted and the fact that she has to choose per month which one she goes to, I think it really, really, it gives us a picture of the problem at hand and she feels as if she can't reach her best and she can't do her best because she's really limited with the resources and the thing is athletes always say that they do all these things to represent their country on the highest level. So sometimes they feel as if the country is being ungrateful and when I say the country, of course, I mean the leaders and those that are put there, of course, assist. So I hope that the conversation does not end here and I also hope, Ricardo, that the post that we saw that came after is not her just silencing herself now when being quiet because I think her coming forward, as you just said, is a step in the right direction. Sometimes it takes these difficult conversations to move us to some point where, you know, others too can benefit from it. Yeah, completely agree with you. Don't disagree there. And it is why it is important to have a clear criteria because it may be that when you have that criteria, Nayoka qualifies or maybe she doesn't qualify, but at least then it will be clear to her. And the process appears fair. Yes. And the process appears fair. And it is clear to her what she needs to do to qualify for the assistance that she is looking for at this stage that does not exist. You take the Bahamas, for example, Mariah, where it does exist. There is a tear system in the Bahamas, Barbados. While I'm not clear as to exactly how that system works specifically, but I do understand there is a lottery. The Olympic Association gets a percentage of that and athletes do benefit financially and and there are markers as to how you get financial assistance that does not exist at all in the Jamaican landscape. And for me, as I said, that is where the real problem is. And until that is fixed, then we're going to continue to have athletes like Nayoka Clunis coming out and crying fall. Do you think it's more difficult in Jamaica because of the fact that you all are so you all have so many great athletes? No, no, it's it's in my opinion, no, because you simply need to sit down with the various stakeholders, figure out the athletes or types of athletes who need the support and put together a document and a criteria that will ensure that majority of those athletes get the assistance. And the truth is you are not going to be able to help everyone. And that is what must be understood, Mara. So you are right. Jamaica has a plethora of athletes. You're not going to be able to help everyone. But along the process to be clear and a fear. And I think we can move forward from there. But at this stage, because there is no clear way defined way of how financial assistance is given to athletes, then we have issues like this. So where do we go from here? It's time for the Jamaica Athletics Administrative Association to step up and do the right thing. And as I said, I'm very sure that the J3s will tell you that we assist athletes from time to time. But I have a problem with the way it is being done. We no need to formalize the way it is being done. And until we do that, then I think the national body is failing in this area of athlete financial support. What about corporate Jamaica? What part do they play in all of this, Ricardo? Well, it's the job of the National Association to engage corporate Jamaica in whatever decision that they make or whatever criteria that they put together. So if you say, we want to help 30 athletes per year and this is the tier system and this is the type of assistance that we want to give to them, then you engage corporate Jamaica and get the support from that standpoint. Corporate Jamaica, if you're talking about individual athletes, are looking for athletes who are at the top of their game and who they feel will help them to sell a product. Help their brand, yeah. And that is perfectly fine. But the National Association has the opportunity to gain a broader sponsorship that can help more athletes in this area. And that's why it's important that they step up and formalize how financial support for athletes is dealt with in the land of water. Well, I'm really hoping that Nyoko Clowness, she gets the assistance that she requires. I hope the conversation continues. And you know, Mariah, you say Nyoko Clowness, but the problem is there are hundreds of athletes like Clowness who are afraid to come forward and say anything and that is the main reason why it is so important that this is formalized and that it is formalized quickly. Mr. Garth Gale, I know you watch the Sports Mag Zone and if you don't, your friends do, so I'm sure you'll get this message. A little work for you to do and I'm confident that you will get it done. Yeah, all I'll say is it's time for a break.


although it's great to see a ball rip into the back of the net or nestle up into the top corner, these are the types of shots that score goals. So if you can start to hit these shots consistently, low, a bit of pace in the corners, accurate, you're going to score more goals. I will send the better in one day soccer blueprint to anyone who comments hashtag soccer on this video. So don't worry if your shots aren't putting holes in the back of the net. What's most important is that you are consistently hitting the target. If you do that, you are going to become a goal scorer. If you like this content, check out the soccer success planner. You can download it for free. There's a link in the description below. And for advanced training, check out the online soccer academy.


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Welcome to Sister Power. I'm your host Sharon Thomas Yarbrough. Sister Power's vision is that women everywhere will learn to live as sisters, to respect each other's wounds, to promote each other's progress and to benefit from each other's knowledge. Our vision is to create activities and services designed exclusively to increase women's networking opportunities and to build the knowledge and skills that can lead to self-sufficiency and empowerment. And I'm so happy today to have a very special guest with us, Tadia Rice, owner of Rice Consulting. Welcome, Tadia. Thank you, Sharon. It is an absolute joy to be with you today. You do realize you were the first person I met when I came to Hawaii. Oh, another first? Yes, another first. I love it. Oh, this is what I love about this. And our title today is How to Help Women to Succeed. And you are the perfect, perfect guest to lead us on this journey. And so we have so much to talk about. I do. And so let's just get started. All right. How about that? All right. Again, we have Tadia, Dame Tadia Rice, who is a knight in the chivalric orthodox order of Saint John right here in Hawaii. You all do such good work for others. And now you have become part of an only 90 native born and naturalized who won the 2017 Ellis Island Medal of Honolulu a few months ago in Hawaii. Congratulations, Tadia. Now I have a quick question for you. Sure. And this was over a month ago. So you're just coming back from New York from this prestigious award. How do you feel? It is indeed an honor. The Ellis Island Medal of Honor, which is given every year to less than 100 Americans, was so exceptional. And I had no idea what it was going to be like. And it was indeed an honor. I've never been honored in such a significant way full of pomp and circumstances. And on Ellis Island with the Statue of Liberty next to us, it was very significant and very symbolic. And I was very happy to join so many people that I've admired for so long. And here I was among them. Wow. Well, you're the perfect person. You've done such good work.     You've acted in films. And you have several books under your belt. Let me ask you this. The Ellis Medal of Honor ranks among the nation's most renowned awards, given to those who have shared knowledge, compassion, exceptional talents and abilities. And significant philanthropic and humanitarian contributions to this country. In a spirit of generosity. And the lofty ideals of democracy. The U.S. Senate and House of Representatives have officially recognized the Ellis Island medals of honor. And every recipient is listed in the congressional record. That includes you now. Yes, it does. And I was very happy to be representing Hawaii to do so. Thank you. Oh, it was remarkable. I mean, pictures tell the story much better than I can. But what was so wonderful was to be with people. And what most excited me was that the youngest ever medal of honor recipient is Malala Yusefzai. The young Pakistani girl who was shot in the head because she believed in education and still does and is a warrior fighter for women around the world for education. And of course that is exactly what I feel as well. And then I got to meet Hamid Ulekaya, who's the Turkish fellow who came to the U.S. with nothing. And he started Chobani Yogurt. And it has become not only the number one selling yogurt product, but he has a very humane business, a very human way of treating his employees, and actually become stockholders in the company. And it's just a very new model of doing business that I really hope others will embrace. That sounds absolutely wonderful. And just a little intimidating with all these fabulous people. So tell me, so who are some of the other medalists? Oh, my goodness. Well, what was very interesting was that, you know, there's no bill. No bill laureates. So many, there's like 2,000 people in the 31 years that this award has been given. There were no bill laureates, civil rights leaders like Coretta Cots, Scott King, and Rosa Parks, Cesar Chavez, who I had the honor of marching with. And in the day, Elie Wiesel, political leaders, Madeline Albright and Joe Biden, Charlie Rangel, who I also had a chance to be with, what a charmer he is. Then this year, in this class, I was with Buzz Aldrin, 87 years old. That man walked on the moon, and if he could go back and walk on it again, he would. He, no glasses, fit as a fiddle, amazing man, truly. And he actually spoke, and his message was that we are always discovering this is an adventure and that we must remain committed to discovery in the universe, starting with ourselves, of course. So that was really wonderful. Deepak Chopra has received the award. Dr. Oz, who I was also with in New York. Ruth Westheimer, who is a kick. And there's also other medalists, Mike Wallace and Diane Sawyer. Oh, why? And this year, Fareed Zakaria, of whom I'm a fan, for sure. And we were together and had a talk, and I invited him to Hawaii, and he's never been. And so I do hope he will come. His kids were very, very anxious. So it was great. It was great. Sounds like it. I see that seven U.S. presidents have also won in three secretaries of state. All women, by the way. Yes, ma'am. I'm not hearing that. All about empowering women. And our all-long-serving senator, the Honorable Daniel Inouye, was among the very first group in 1986 when the medals were first given. And I had the opportunity to meet the gracious Senator Daniel Inouye. And so tell me more. Well, it is an amazing history to how and why these medals began. And, you know, initially there were a lot of celebrities and noted people, Bob Hope and Frank Sinatra, Quincy Jones, Paul Simon, Penny Marshall, Natalie Cole, Gloria Estefan. Very diverse group. It was really wonderful. And Eddie Olmos, who of course I know from early days, Casey Kasem, Alex Haley, Martin Scorsese. So there was a host of celebrities early on. Now it is more about scientists and a lot of sports figures who have been Olympians. I mean, Muhammad Ali won the first year, Evander Holyfield. A lot of really remarkable people. I mean, everybody has done something or things. A lifetime of work, a special discovery of some kind, a scientific breakthrough. Something that moves forward humanity and moves forward the country and our nation in terms of being innovative and modern and just wonderful. Wow. You know, in the first year of the award with Senator Inouye was a remarkable Muhammad Ali, as she spoke earlier. And the list of medalists reads like a who's who of sport. Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mano, Arthur Ashe, Tommy Lasorda. I remember those days when Tommy Lasorda, sure. Evander Holyfield had the opportunity to see him fight in Las Vegas with Markable and Arnold Palmer. So tell me more.  It really is a who's who. So for me, to now be among who's who's is very exceptional. And I was indeed extremely honored to be among such caliber of individuals. Wow. Do you know why you were chosen to receive the Medal of Honor? Well, I don't know the specifics of the panel that identified me. But one, I knew a previous medalist and you're nominated only by previous medalists. And so this friend of mine, who's known me for 40 years, literally witnessed my lifetime of trying to break ceilings in the corporate world and entertainment and international relations. She watched me develop my career as a management consultant. And ironically, we both became organizational dynamic experts and keynote speakers as well. So we have a lot of notes to compare. But she saw that I was very consistent in my fights for promoting women's rights and the rights of marginalized communities, the elimination of racism, trying to make the world a better place. She was very close to me when I was creating the Tahare Association, which is a nonprofit and we've educated 22 girls around the world. With the criteria being that they are agents of change in their communities. They don't have to have the best grades, but they have to be an agent of change in their community. So she saw me through different board commitments that I've made that benefit social and economic marginalized communities. And she knows that for the last six years I've been volunteering at Kailua's Women's Prison, the Hawaii Women's Correctional Center. And I often tell great stories about how wonderful these women are who I have the privilege of working with. Before we switch gears, we have your beautiful award that's displayed here. And tell me a little bit, when they awarded you this beautiful award here, what was going through your mind? I don't know. It was overwhelming. And you're behind this stand up of the medals and they present it to you on your neck and there's pictures and flashing cameras. And you don't really get it until it's over. And then you're very swiftly moved to here and you sit on a dais and you're doing things and it's like a three hour program followed by an incredible dinner actually in the Ellis Island Museum. All this is placed on the island. So you're ferried over and I mean it's very well coordinated and one thing happens after another. And you watch as everybody else is shown because your picture is on this jumbotron and they specify who you are, what you do and what your ethnic background is. And so you kind of begin to see the bigger picture. There were 37 ethnic groups represented. 37. So it was interesting to see people from all over the world and these are a lot of newer immigrants. So you had people from Iran and Turkey and Korea and China and Cuba and various places around the globe who were new immigrants. Then you have your older fifth generation and third and fourth generation Americans with Italian extraction or Polish or Eastern European or wherever. So as it happened, as it unfolded you began to see what this was because I really hadn't been able to appreciate what it was because I've never been. And so by the end of the night you do feel honored. All four branches of the military are there. They traditionally participate. They honor you as you walk in and up and at every point they're saluting you and they're playing music and it's extremely patriotic and very, very American. So it was really something I hadn't quite experienced in the same way as any other experience that I've had. Now can anyone attend? I mean once you're honored and you receive this letter I'm sure there was a special letter. How was it delivered to you? Was it via email?  Everything was very formal. Snail mail and they call you, they talk to you, they ensure that you can attend because if you can't attend you can't go. And first choices are for the medallists and their guests and then previous medallists and their guests. So it's not really open to the public. It's really quite elite and exclusive to people who are within that medallist community and of course politicians, the New York, and because it takes place in New York you have a lot of New York people. Well I'm excited to hear more and we're going to take a short break and we'll come back with Tanya Rice and finish this journey. Thank you. Aloha, my name is Raya Salter and I'm the host of Power Up Hawaii which you can see live from 1 to 130 every Tuesday at thinktechhawaii.com and then later on YouTube. I am an energy attorney, clean energy advocate and community outreach specialist and on Power Up Hawaii we come together to talk about how can Hawaii walk towards a clean, renewable and just energy future. To do that we talk to stakeholders all over the spectrum from clean energy technology folks to community groups to politicians to regulators to the utility. So please join us Tuesdays at one o'clock for Power Up Hawaii. Aloha, I'm Tim Apachea host for Moving Hawaii Forward a show dedicated to transportation issues and traffic. We identify those areas where we do have problems in the state but also the show is dedicated to trying to find solutions not just detail our problems. So join me every other Tuesday on Moving Hawaii Forward. I'm Tim Apachea. Thank you. Welcome back to Sisters Power. Your host Sharon Yarbrough and we're here with Tadia Rice owner of Rice Consulting and we have a lot more to cover and I think today is how to help women to succeed and we have the perfect woman here. We're going to change gears a little bit. We want to talk about your prison work and has so much impact on the women at Hawaii's Women's Community Correctional Center. What do you share with them? It has been such a fulfillment working with the women in prison who were incarcerated and what I was able to do was really create a totally different program of basically skills building and I help them build self-esteem and self-confidence which is what they need so so much. They also need education so essentially I do the same work with them as I would do with the CEO or leader of any organization. Their work is to learn to be comfortable speaking in front of people to have emotional and mental clarity to be able to think through situations impulse control which all of us have to work on to how to communicate clearly which is a very strong part of what I do for CEOs and leaders how to develop emotional intelligences and a host of other skill sets that is really important for anyone to better themselves improve perfect continue to strive for excellence and for them especially it is a healing piece they are able to heal once they have knowledge and self-reflection. Wow and I want people to know that you've mentored me throughout the years as well and I appreciate that I love this platform because sometimes you never have a chance to just sit down and have girl talk and really find out the more details what our friends are doing so let's move forward so you are recognized for having lived an extraordinary life of generosity to others which you share with us with the women's prison it's no surprise you've been recognized by the United Nations U.S. Congress California State Senate and the cities of Atlanta Honolulu and Los Angeles Yes Los Angeles was home to me for a very long time before I moved to South Africa and before I came to Hawaii and one of the wonderful things we have in Kama is we were both Angelenos at one time at one time in our life and we knew a lot of the same people Mayor Tom Bradley and Congresswoman Ambassador Senator Diane Watson were very helpful in many ways and been involved you know when I was young I was always searching for truth as an adolescent so when I was a teenager I learned about the Baha'i Faith and the teachings there really were very sensible and the teachings were every single human being should have a craft a profession, a skill and once they attain that as they work in that they strive for excellence and perfection and when you do that your work actually becomes service to others so service is a linchpin unity is a linchpin and when you're able to incorporate that kind of spiritual component that motivation to do well do good for others as well as yourself and your family it's amazing the opportunities that come to you the rewards of how good it feels to do good work and be a good human I don't want to do anything unless it's a feel good thing and I think that's our brand I think more people should incorporate that if it feels good it is good and so tell me what was your take away from the Ellis Island medals of honor very interesting it was great to see the diversity of individuals being honored those 37 ethnic groups really did span the globe it was a celebration of immigrants and you know in America we're always celebrating the immigrants and their contributions to the United States for me though as I sat on the dais looking out at the thousand people who were essentially there to honor us not all of us are immigrants and not all of us have immigrant backgrounds and as I was thinking about it I realized you know immigrants benefited really from the contributions and sacrifice of the First Nations people of this land who were wonderful stewards Malama Honua same thing that Hawaiians do and that we want to strive for the world to do they took care of that land of course it was taken from them stolen from them genocide committed against them and then it was enslaved Africans who were then forced to work the land and literally on their backs build this country buildings bridges everything you name it so for me I thought you know I wonder if immigrants realize that they have benefited from the sacrifice that they suffered and they have now benefited so I really hope that Americans and anyone that I talked to can realize that we have to acknowledge this truth and we have to celebrate and honor First Nations people enslaved Africans colonists and immigrants when we talk about how great America is because it wouldn't be great if it weren't for every one of those communities so today more than ever all of us are called on to show the same kind of courage that all of those communities demonstrated when they were either forced to leave their land forced to work and build the country come to new lands that they didn't have opportunities in before and and become a great nation because of those elements and factors I feel the passion that you're and I see that your eyes are watering up and I see how passionate you feel about this so this has really impacted you this journey receiving this prestigious award and I like your take on that and I'm glad you had the chance to share to the thousands of women and men who are listening to this show we need to keep that in mind America's identity is very very big we have to be informed and not everyone is school is never out you have an extensive background that crosses so many industries you are a playwright and performer with two CDs that competed for Grammys how did you achieve all of this well first of all I started out very young second of all I'm now very old so this time I had a lot of time to do this I didn't do it in a week or two but I was I don't know why it is but from childhood I always was curious always inquisitive I mean to the extent that people really didn't like me asking all the questions that I asked but I always wanted to learn more and more and more so I was very willing to learn anything and everything even if I didn't get it like physics but I want to learn about it and I also realized that if you work hard and you learn everything you can and then you begin to identify opportunities and seize them life rewards you and you can't anticipate what those opportunities are you won't know what they are but you say yes always say yes you are a popular keynote speaker whose presentation lead with aloha actually proves the science of aloha how did that happen? accidentally like most things happen to me in my life I was so fortunate I had been coming to Hawaii for a very long time since the 70s and I knew that one day I would move here and stay here and be here but I had other things I had to do before then when I got here I was completely astounded when I learned about Aunty Pilahipaki who created the aloha spirit it was actually called the pacific prayer initially and eventually the legislature adopted it as the aloha spirit law it's actually a law on our books so there were these five aspects of what is in aloha she took the words of aloha in english and made acronyms for them but she was much much deeper than that I know the depth of how far she went with this so I then got to befriend Kumu Ramzi Tom who became my cultural Kumu and I just adore this man and his knowledge and of course he was one of her students so he really schooled me about Aunty Pilahipaki and as I learned more and more about the different components of aloha I said why does this work I mean it works but why so my curious mind started researching what happens socially, psychosocially what happens physiologically when we express kindness and perseverance and unity and all of these parts that comprise the aloha spirit and so I contextualized those and I then was able to explain an often to audiences the mainland to come here a lot of businesses that if you incorporate these behaviors in your life with your family with your employees with your coworkers your leadership skills and ability exponentially increases and I use examples and I show exactly how and people get it they get aloha and they see it's deeper than just hello goodbye we have so much more to cover and our time is ended thank you so much Tadia we'll have to do a part 2 how do we help women to succeed aloha aloha


What's good Josh about Ross back hanging in with another video, so I just got a chance to check out some clips from smack now I didn't want to do a traditional reaction to certain clips this time only because I just didn't feel like it was warranted I actually wanted to just kind of have like a little breakdown and my thoughts and opinions on what I saw So let me start with one of the major things and kind of just work my way through the list of things that I remember off hand First thing first Becky Lynch and Bianca Belair It's like the second week where Bianca Belair is basically trying to get a one-on-one match with Becky And Becky's basically shrugging her off like we'll do it on my time heal like tactics I do like that. They're setting it up. She's not overtly healed yet, but you can see it's coming my only issue still is the fact that we got to this point in Embarrying Bianca now you may think Bianca is not very but I'm be honest with you me personally I don't care if they have a match at extreme rules, and I don't care to see Bianca win it not because I don't think she deserves the title. It's because She already lost to her clean in like a few seconds So if Bianca was to beat her then it'll be like what was the point of having the title? Taking from her in the first place if Bianca's just gonna win it right back I'm sure they will have a match at extreme rules, but I don't believe Bianca will win Will it be a probably a good match? I think so would I be interested in seeing it? Not so much, but I would still enjoy it only because like I said for me They've ruined Bianca's like credibility as a character as a true champion because of how she lost the title So I'm not sure maybe they can change my mind about it But it doesn't look like Bianca will be getting that title back because it just wouldn't make sense to hot potato The Smackdown women's championship So that's my personal opinion on that I would like to get your guys opinion on that Would you guys even care to see a match between those two a full match? Does it really matter to you because of how Bianca lost at SummerSlam or do you feel like her character? It's too much in in a disarray and maybe she needs to move to raw so comment down below Let me know what's going on with that. Um, so The next thing that comes to my mind is the edge and Seth Rollins feud is being sparked back up Basically Cesaro was having a match with Seth Seth is still not really over how he lost and Pretty much he gets himself to squallers fired start using the same tactics the edge we use with putting them in the cross face with one of the The legs of the chair and then you know about to hit him with the chair though edge comes out try to save today but Rollins slithers away and The beautiful promo segment with edge in the back basically saying yo I thought this would be over at SummerSlam But it's not but it makes sense because we're more or less the same way Seth Rollins lost to me It probably wouldn't be over if I was in that if I was in his position So next week which they're gonna be at Madison Square Garden, which should be a pretty nice showing They're gonna he challenged him to a match and he said you're not gonna be the same So it's looking like they're setting up something for them at extreme rules. I'm pretty sure There's gonna be some Something that's gonna happen in the match they have next week So it looks like they're probably gonna set up something for extreme rules Maybe a TLC match edge made the TLC match famous. So I think that would be pretty cool You're gonna have an extreme rules. You have edge there do a TLC match. I'm all for it To be honest, I'm okay if edge does get the win here But I could see them going with giving Seth Rollins the win and it's like, you know They both have a win and they have a rubber match So we'll see how the booking goes but comment down below Let me know what you guys feel about them having a TLC match at extreme rules If you think that would be interesting Well, who do you think should win edge or Roman cuz it's looking like it's gonna probably go past more than just next week on Smackdown We also have to talk about Paul Heyman getting the phone call from his his old friend Brock Lesnar He called him was like, yo Let your guy know I'm gonna be there next week. You know I'm saying at Madison short garden Roman basically nonchalant about it when Paul Heyman brings them to news but then he slowly starts to get serious because Brock Lesnar is a serious threat to his title run So I'm interested to see how that's gonna play out. So basically I will be reacting to their interaction like their face off I think that's gonna be pretty good and We got to talk about Finn Balor versus Roman Reigns He challenged Finn Balor challenge Roman Reigns last week for a title opportunity and of course, you know, you know Roman being a gracious champion obliged But Uso is getting involved as I expected. He's a heel has to be some heel tactics involved But from the stuff that I did see they were putting on a fantastic match Roman made it look believable that That Finn Balor could get the win, but ultimately he did not get the win and this is what's going to lead to potentially The demon king returning if you guys saw Right when Roman is walking out the ring walking up the ramp the lights turn red just for a second and he notices it No one else notices it like I like how Paul's not noticing it, but Roman notices it And then you know, he kind of just keeps on going about his business and I like that. That's subtle That's I like subtle stuff like that. The demon king may be returning and if he does I'm all for it.  This could be good. This could be really great Not sure when they're gonna set this match up for how they're gonna book this, but I'm interested It's it's it's so good to have a top heel like Roman because you want anyone that's like, you know credible and believable to take the title off of them and Roman knows how to make his opponents look good in the feet. So I'm looking forward to it I also want to see how Brock Lesnar is gonna play into the mix This is going to be interesting next week and leading up to extreme rules. So, yeah I'm looking forward to I like the T so comment down below Let me know if you guys are excited for potentially the demon king coming back to face Roman Reigns If you guys are excited to see the face off with Brock Lesnar Who you think is gonna win between Brock and Roman who you think is gonna win between? Roman and the demon king film thin baller when it does happen if it does happen be honest Roman's still taking the gold I think they're doing long-term booking and ultimately it's gonna end with the rock I think they're building it up for him to knock everybody down all Contenders until we get to the rock and even then I still think he's gonna beat the rock But that's neither here nor there. I just that's where I think they're taking the booking comment down below Let me know Your opinion on raw if you enjoyed it this I say raw Oh God your opinion on Smackdown if you enjoyed it this week, but I appreciate all love and support road to 60k appreciate y'all kicking in with me and I see y'all on the next one. Peace