Welcome, everyone, to our final session of the A&U Crawford Leadership Forum. I'd like to start by celebrating, acknowledging the traditional airwaves and lands that we're meeting of, and specifically the elders past and present of the Nunnawal Mambury people and traditional custodians for this part of the world for more than 20,000 years. So I also acknowledge that many Australians here today are joining us from all over the world, and I pay my respects to elders past and present across all lands that we're seeing today. So it has been a very intense day and a half here of our ACLF 2021. And it's going to be a final session where we can talk a bit about some of the highest level takeaways that we've had. Now, I very much enjoy being able to meet and greet and have a coffee with people in person and really extend the conversation. We obviously have not been able to do that. But we have had an outstanding set of sessions that I have been able to attend. And I have to say it has been a very welcome distraction for me, not running the university for a day and a little bit and being able to learn and contemplate the big questions that our university of course is here to help answer. And so I really appreciate the diverse range of panels that we have had and I've had a chance, I think to learn a lot. It is great to be able to bring the best people that around the world together. And that will continue here in this final panel where I'm joined by Dr. Heather Smith and form director Richard Maude. I just, since we haven't actually introduced Richard you have probably seen him pop up in the middle of Julie bishops. I'm seeing when her line went off, but he's senior fellow at the Asia Society Policy Institute, in addition being the director of this forum, noting his lengthy stints at D fat, and also at ONA. Dr. Smith is commencing as professor of national security college here in the College of Asia Pacific, but she most recently served as secretary of department of industry innovation and science as well as the Department of Communication and Arts. She's a PhD economics here from a new and has served in many roles in government, including in ONA treasury D fat, and she was the G 20 Sherpa when Australia hosted it in Brisbane back in 2014. So, let's go through and have a little chat with Heather and Richard about the main things that we've seen and heard it's so much to cover. Let's start with you. What are the takeaways the three or four major takeout major takeouts you've had over the last day and a half. Well thank you Brian and it certainly has been a very rich couple of days of wide ranging discussion. So I, I thought of three key takeouts. The first of those is really across the world I think the focus is really on domestic economic renewal and to preoccupy governments for the years to come. So, from what I heard yesterday we're facing a global economic recovery that is fragile that is uneven. And it's unclear that technology which we've discussed over multiple forums and still having that similar discussion, whether technology is going to deliver the productivity dividend needed to meet citizens expectations, particularly now given the generational constraints economies face with high debt and budget deficits. I had worryingly that intergenerational inequality between and within countries looks set to increase with all the problems that will flow from that. But in the short term there was a key point, particularly made by the World Bank that vaccine access is going to really be the key determinant of growth rebounds for individual countries. So related to that, and this is my second takeout that rather than some people saying that the post war global operating system is being disrupted. My take on what I heard over the last day and a half is the view more that the global operating system that we have known is not fit for purpose. And that it's run its course, even as simultaneously we have been shaped by the two themes that have dominated I think this, this group, at least in the sessions I was involved in and that is obviously great power competition and technological change. But I don't think we've yet got the clarity of what the next model is the organizing principle for the world. I don't think we're yet in the world of the two block or two systems, but a world of constrained globalization to me seems likely going forward. The two sessions that I sat in on technology I think really sort of demonstrated the paradox and I think was put really well in in the US National Intelligence Council 2040 report on global trends where we're in a world that is both inextricably bound by productivity, but fragmenting in different directions and I saw this in conversations around, again, technology where you could say one of China and the Democratic world are on a unity ticket when it, when it comes to how do you constrain the market power or technology in the digital platforms, but really diverging deeply on the motivations and the objectives of how you approach, approach that issue by sent to be focused on the pursuit of fairness and equity but very different objectives when it comes to how you constrain the use of technology. I think for me probably the overarching theme and it's I'm going local now is, I think it's going to be a lonely world for Australia to to operate in. And I say that because of a number of cross currents that I picked up. Firstly, the increasing calls that we're we're hearing for greater self reliance and reconceptualization of the US alliance. This is to be a no going back in terms of our previous relationship that we've had with with China. The new reality is the treasurer said yesterday is that Australia is at the front line of strategic competition in the economic arena. Noting now I think in here this paper on the first day around the defense discussion is really important in pointing out that there's no rhetorical. Support for Australia on China's economic coercion that this is yet to really translate into any measures that would impact on China. I think also we're in a we're in a more lonely world if we remain elected when it comes to the decarbonization of the world. And I think the the operating model as it involves and Richard's really good paper on the China session and talking about competitive coexistence. How about challenge us in ways that we can be effective because it's going to be very hard to really integrate necessarily wide array of policy approaches across our defense and our foreign policy on our economic space. And in a thing that I thought was interesting from the defense session yesterday. And use of the language that will need to be better at strategic empathy that we will need to get be kept on the tone that we adopt within the region but also to look at our region through others lenses. Finally I was struck by the perhaps the disconnection between the treasurer's comments that implied that the drivers and policies are in place to shore up Australia's resilience both now and into the future. This stood in contrast to what I thought was the very good and rather robust discussion in the session on Australia's resilience that concluded I thought that we aren't well placed economically, culturally, politically and institutionally to deal with the challenges and the inevitable shops that are going to come our way. So that sort of left the thought in my mind that if this view is right and the price of the treasure acknowledged that we will have to be paid for this resilience could be significantly greater than is currently understood. So that was my three takeouts. Thank you, Heather. Certainly, you reflect a bit on things like climate change and I was a very sobering session where the mark haven really demonstrated that the predictions around temperature have been pretty well spot on, but we've actually kind of the bad bits of climate change like the actual rise of sea level and extreme weather in ways and so it's going to be an interesting ride. We also you also talked a little bit about what I saw was a consistent message throughout which is Australia really thrives in a well working globalized world and there seems to be downside after downside. About things changing to be less good that way. And so Richard, I guess, turning to you and what you picked up, I guess, yes, there's a lot of downsides and we keep talking about that but I'm curious to also know if there's any upsides and all of this. You're talking to a foreign policy person. Of course there are no upsides, although economists are more gloomy I think than foreign policy people. I don't know directly if I'm wrong on that. Not much, I have to say, although I will make a point that I think is hopeful and positive. Heather's been very disciplined and giving you three things and doing things in threes is usually best. I've got five. I've got two big thoughts that really struck me. I've got one data point that I found really interesting. I've got one quote that I found really interesting and I've got one. One issue that I think it's that is that we covered in the forum but it's not getting the kind of policy or political attention that I think it deserves. Heather, just cheekily upfront, though, Brian, just thank all our participants for sticking with us through the conference. We did design this conference to be done in person. It's a lot of content to shift online in the era where people are tired of zoomathons and I'm really grateful for people staying with us. I'm also really grateful for the many people across the university who helped pull this conference together, not just the events people, the program people, the media people but the broader set of experts in the university who are very generous with their time to be on panels or chair panels and to help me devise panels so that the climate change panel, which I thought was terrific, for example, was sort of mapped out over a cup of coffee a very long time ago with Mark Howard on the university campus. So onto my two big things. Well, we really, we all know this but but listening over the past day and a half really ran home to me that governance and governing is just so hard at the moment. It's never been easy but when you do a day and a half of this, it just strikes you that the size of the challenges we're grappling with the sheer number of them, the complexity of them and the fact that they're all happening at once. So we've got a pandemic and a health crisis. We've got an economic challenge. We've got a climate crisis going on. We've got the biggest shift in our external strategic environment since the end of the Second World War. We've got the tech story we've got pressures on democracy so systems everywhere governments everywhere are hard pressed our government, our public service is certainly very hard pressed. It's also tired and there are a few moments I think where that came through and one of our participants noted at one point in the conference that resilience is not just about systems and institutions but but also about individuals. I was also struck when thinking about all those big challenges by the gap between the perception of all the view of many of our expert panelists about what we had to do now but also in the future. Both over the sort of short to medium term and the long term the gap between that and how the government thought we were doing and what we might need to do, or at least what our ministers and senior officials who are very kind to appear with us were prepared to say on the record. I've got a couple of quick observations about that I mean things do often look different inside government, and it's important for universities and think tanks to understand that especially when they're looking to work with government to influence the development of policy. The second point is that there are limits to the ability of any government to fix really complex problems but thirdly, and this is I think my positive point and this came through strongly right across the conference. We do actually have the tools and expertise and we're not short of ideas on how to move forward on any of these challenges across the public sector in the business community and within the academic and think tank and not for profit worlds. And then lastly on the scale of this challenge. One thought that came through to me across the conference is that leadership counts it really counts to tackle these challenges and many panelists I think it's had that said in relation to climate change and looking for more leadership across our nation a stronger drive to get some reforms done that are going to go to these issues that are essential for our living standards to the equity issues that either mention and also to our environment. The second big thing that was really struck by was the Treasurer's speech was a strong speech a really striking one. I wrote a piece a few weeks ago that said Australian foreign policy was now dominated by just two super challenges one was responding to the various dimensions of the pandemic, and the other was dealing with a more authoritarian nationalist and assertive China. And if you'd asked me to guess I would have guessed that the Treasurer would have focused on the first of those dealing with the pandemic, but he chose to focus on the second. And I think that really just demonstrates how much the government is gripped by this challenge from China at the moment, how seriously it takes the economic coercion that we're under at the moment. It's determination not to give into that that was very clear in the speech, and also its confidence in the flexibility of our economy and its ability to adjust to economic pressure. And then also there was a very clear message for the business community in that speech which which I also thought was striking I mean we have heard the government talk a little bit like this before but the Treasurer was very clear that businesses really had to pursue a China plus model to use his term now that they had to take diversification seriously that the risks of over dependence on China were growing. So this is you know uncharted territory, of course for Australia, and no real break for Australia China relations, as far as I can see, for the time being. I agree with Heather that we're not seeing a two block world but I think through the conversations over the conference we did clearly see that there's definitely a degree of separation going on now, whether that's on values, or on democracies versus autocracy, whether in part on technology, or in the way the multilateral system is working. And in that multilateralism panel, for example, really eminent experts like Tom right are advocating for the democracies or like minded to move on without China and autocracies, if that's necessary to get things done. Look, the data point I wanted to mention, which struck me came from a really fascinating discussion on liberal democracy and its internal troubles. And we had Daryl Karp from the Museum of Australian Democracy join us and she quoted some data from the Edelman survey of trust in government which looked at a number of countries across the world. And in Australia, 76% of what Edelman calls the informed public trust government, compared to only 48% of trust in Australian government for what Edelman called the mass public. And this has led to a phrase called trust inequality and it's quite marked in Australia, Edelman himself says that this trust inequality provides ample ground for nationalism and protectionism and he talks about an Alice in Wonderland moment of elite buoyancy and massed spare about the way in which democracies work. So the health of our democracy is good, especially compared to the United States, but Larry Diamond also in that session left us with a ringing a warning that rang in my ears which was don't be complacent and he said don't think that some of what's happened in the US can't happen here in Australia, even with the stabilizers we have like preferential voting and independent electoral commission. My memorable quote is from a Dr Gishankas Crawl Federation last night really terrific speech since discovered that this quote is getting around a fair bit on Twitter in the media but he said the days of unilateralism are over. Multilateralism has its limits. Multilateralism is simply not working well enough. That leads us to look for more practical and immediate solutions. And that is the case for the quad, the quadrilateral security dialogue. There's a whole world of foreign policy and strategic assessment in those two sentences and it speaks to Australian foreign policy, as much as it does to India's. And lastly my my issue that I think needs more policy attention and more political leadership. We had a great session on nuclear disarmament or the lack of nuclear disarmament was a masterclass really with Bob Einhorn from the United States and the pretty sobering discussion that the takeout was really that there are no there is no chance of reductions in nuclear arsenals at the moment and indeed China looks set to increase its nuclear deterrent potentially quite significantly. North Korea has just started the Yongbyong reactor from which it uses to extract plutonium. So if there's any hope it has to rely on risk reduction that is trying to create the conditions and norms that would prevent nuclear weapons ever from being used but that in itself is a very hard task at the moment and requires some more elbow grease. I'll stop there from. Thanks Richard. I guess I mean you had the benefit of trying to create the sessions here for everyone. Is there anything so so clearly nuclear proliferation is something that's going to come back at us over time and it's something that seems to diverge slowly over time. Are there other issues you wish you would have included as part of things as we see it now. There are inevitably issues that we couldn't cover or didn't cover enough. One of them I think is that in our own region we touched a little bit on this in some of the sessions but if you think about our own immediate really region particularly the Southwest Pacific and Southeast Asia. There is an enormous task here I think for Australia to help those countries recover from the pandemic to reopen where they can. To restore if we can help them some of the lost economic the economic growth that they've lost and that they've never got back. With the loss of human capital the increase in inequality the damage to many small businesses the damage to health systems. And I think that's going to require new kinds of partnerships for the long term. Some creative new thinking. And it really requires I think more substantial investments over and above the increased effort that we are already credit to the government is the government is already putting into the region. Here you see the world through slightly more economics lens than Richard although obviously you do a little bit of everything. What do you see as some of the other issues that maybe we could have spent more time on. It was a very comprehensive last eight last 36 hours but anything that we've missed from your perspective. In terms of what we miss perhaps in terms of emphasis. One one that came to mind when I was listening to the conversations was really how do we think about the long term consequences of what we've seen in the last year in terms of judging things. Particularly the speed with which he has been cracking down on business sort of under the guise of common prosperity I think we need to sort of understand what the implications of that are because I think for me relatedly is a question about are we actually overestimating China's financial power going forward. You can still be the largest economy, but not necessarily the most powerful economy, particularly with a system that directs capital and increasingly directs technology. So I think that's a that's worthwhile discussion the second. Second one came to mind in discussion around resilience and the pandemic was really what are the implications of our fractured federation, you know in terms of the theme of how to renew a damaged country. So that's a theme of our conference particularly when we have states in a federation that that don't accept and don't really take responsibility for the national interest. So how do we actually project a coherent and confident view of who we are if we don't come out as one and what we aspire to be in this world that we're trying to navigate so I think trying to understand what the federation looks like going forward I think is is a key thing. And Heather if I suddenly made you Prime Minister. What would be the theme of most focus on for the benefit of Australia, and I'm going to make you a non political Prime Minister but a technocrat. What do you think needs the most amount of effort over the next, let's say two years. Well, to me it's, and this is not a surprise but it's really, it's the new sources of growth that I think, you know where are they coming from we were living in a full paradise if we think the Australian economy is going to be sustained in a sustained growth surge as we come out of coven without addressing the underlying challenges and all of these were traversed by many of the last day and a half but to me, it is this this transition to sustainability and the circular economy and everything that is involved in the circular economy needs to be front and centre. And the only way to get there is is where we've been discussing over the last couple of days is really an integrated focus on innovation and there are so many economists had on there are so many opportunities for Australia in this space. I think, as we said yesterday, it was a good conversation about, we can't rely on the old playbook in terms of how we respond to crises that we're going to have to really think about more services led recovery and all the issues and reforms that go along with that. But we can't yet seem to get through that, that current paradigm. So, you know, one of the questions that also you were talking about is, you know, our governments are governments up for these types of reforms. I guess the conversations that I've heard over the last day and a half is that we will be continue to probably be disappointed in the pace and focus of change. And again, some of the discussions I heard that governments are very good at early stage crisis management but less less so in the slow burn challenges that really require anticipation shared responsibility and bringing the public along with you. So, you know, I think it's from the ask me to be a technocrat but also Prime Minister I think, you know, what would you be doing well I think it's about also getting you know political leadership which is what Richard mentioned unfortunately does come down to to that. But I think we're going to need more, more leaders of the type that Don Ruslan in a really good Monash monograph described that you actually need more doers than pleases people who will actually do things and bring the public along with them. So if that's going to require a more mature political debate, then I think what we're currently having across an array of issues and again in that same monograph series, so I think it was both really interesting because that question of how do you get change. I think what Brian, the President of the Senate also in the same series says that it's, you know, it's where it's really hard with the most operandi of political discourse is to impugn the motives of, of the individual rather than grappling with issues that require challenging so I think the political discourse and the ambition around political leadership has to be has to be part of that to really drive those new sources of growth. Thank you Heather yeah I mean certainly my reflection has been, if we are going to have a, for example, a China plus strategy which the treasure talked about Richard referred to. I'm in a very China expose industry of higher education, and I easier said than done. And I guess what I'm seeing is, we need to actually have the whole way of thinking about higher education policy in my case evolved before want to do that I can't just do it on my own. And I think that's true for every industry if we really do want to the circular economy where we clearly have a huge upside, but it has to actually be sort of co designed between business academia and government to make it work and I'm not sure that I'm seeing the political wherewithal from any side to really do that it's it's easy just to incrementally change and it will be an interesting evolution over the next few years Richard. I guess if I were to make you the technocrat, the technocrat Prime Minister, what would you be focusing on you talked about the two key issues earlier for Josh, are those the areas you'd focus on are there others. I'm tempted to say that on behalf of all the Prime Ministers that would come after me I would build a functional Prime Ministers resident suited to a G 20 country, but I'm sure I'd be held down by my party room. At least we now have a decent plane that you can take overseas and not be embarrassed by. Look, a couple of things. You know, our ability to shape our external environment is is is limited obviously now we have agency that's a that's a word that our Prime Minister likes to use and I believe in it very strongly we do have agency and we should and we have to run a very active foreign policy, but the parameters of that foreign policy are often quite tightly constrained by external circumstances the choices are often not as large as you might think. I suppose that's a long way of saying I think foreign policy kind of takes care of itself, and I would focus on domestic policy. One of the things about the 2017 foreign policy white paper which is you know I had a bit of a hand in shaping. It starts before even get to the foreign policy by saying that Australia has to invest in its domestic strength and resilience. And that, and that was the way that we would thrive in this world that was coming that we could see dimly then and we can see clearer now about how challenging it was the strength and house of our economy the strengths of our institutions the cohesiveness of our society. And I still think that's where we can do better. I wouldn't have a long list because governments that try to do too much get nothing done. So pick, you know a handful of things that really make a difference to a long term, even if they're politically hard knowing they're politically hard and try and build a national consensus around them. All right, well, thank you, Richard and thank you, Heather. I guess that discussion around the resilience of our democracy, which you've referred to I think at length Richard really calls into question of whether or not the Australian democracy and indeed Western democracies are prepared to evolve with the times. And I guess, make sure that we really do represent the whole set of constituents across our economies are across our nation, including young people who definitely seem a bit disenfranchised right now, but also the people from all sorts of backgrounds and we talked about that able and trust index and that the elite bubble which I'm afraid most of the people on this call sort of an habit seem to have a fairly different view of the world than the average Australian. And certainly for me one of the things I'm always trying to figure out is how do I connect to Australia so that we can move forward collectively. So, in wrapping up, I'd like to thank all of the speakers from all over the world who have agreed to be on our panels and as I said it's really those people and their expertise and wisdom and different perspectives that make the profit leadership form, what it is. We've had people again giving up their valuable time to participate in the conversations from all walks of life government business academia, and that willingness to give freely of their time, the wisdom and insight is greatly appreciated. We've had many good panel chairs have gone in and kept the conversation going, including many members of our own university but other universities think tanks, and academics around the world so thank you very much. Richard, let me thank you and your team, taking what is a kind of a mumble jumble of ideas and making a nice coherent program, and then having to at the last minute switch it to a fully online mode and that has been not just hard on you but it's been hard on the entire program and to the faculty who have been working with you over this time, and I think you've done it exceptionally well. I'd like to thank Mirvac, our generous sponsor for this year's forum. In these difficult economic times, it's great to have this support, I can tell you that we counting every penny within the university sector right now. I'd like to thank one and all of our conference participants for sticking with us. One of the things that we're going to do is be asking you to do an evaluation we use those evaluations to help figure out how we can prove things and look at how we might do things next year. And finally, we will have an in person program again next year. This has been interesting doing the digital programs but I think I'm definitely looking forward to an in person one. So, we hope to see you all next year, but we would certainly appreciate your feedback about what you all think would make an excellent discussion for Australia, and the world to have about how to make the world a better place. So, we hope you enjoyed things. Thank you for joining us, and we look forward to seeing you around the country this year, and next year as we open up. Best of luck everyone, stay safe, and for Heavens to Betsy, get vaccinated if you haven't already. Cheers.


Super. Thank you very much. Those were two presentations that are excellent to follow because I think there's just so much resonance between all of the work that we're doing. We're going to have to keep on talking for a long time. Thinking about delivering housing for all, of course, the thing that occupies my mind is that cities are built the way they're financed. That's not a new statement. I also borrowed that from someone long ago. That is early as 1984, but we keep on forgetting this and we forget it especially in relation to housing. Oftentimes in the African context, that's the last thing that gets thought of is how do you actually pay for it? And just looking at these images which were taken by unequal scenes, a really interesting website. And you can see the difference in the different environments between where you've got mortgage financing on the one side and explicitly construction finance and then clear registered title. And then we have informal housing conditions. Oftentimes there's some level of government subsidy that might have been in that space. Household savings and labor. And then often what it is that's causing that is inaccessible title. But to split that into two pieces is also not sufficient. So what I want to start with is really to take a look at some of the pictures of what do cities look like right now across this continent and what are the things that they're telling us. We're going to look at ways in which housing developments themselves are beginning to show how we're not looking at a value chain. And I'd like to split up the value chain into its pieces so that it can explicitly respond to households. Okay. Many people here would know about Columbia and Gola. But there's another development called Vision City in Rwanda. And then there is a development that we saw promised yesterday called Lagar, which is here. And I think what's common across all of these and I'm well I'm guessing forward on Lagar. But that we've got poor targeting. So a focus on delivering scale, massive, beautiful development. Someone talked this morning about the romantics of the big plan. And they're focusing on households on a housing vision that doesn't match the reality of affordability. But what it also doesn't match is in fact the reality of the financing structures in that society. So in Angola, the nation of Angola did not have enough mortgages in its existing mortgage system to actually finance or to match the units that were being delivered here. In addition to that what ends up happening is that the target, this development here, the units went for about $190,000 down to I guess the lowest priced unit was $120,000. Because people couldn't actually afford that and access mortgages for that, they had to slash the prices. And what that then said to investors was that delivering so-called affordable housing is in fact an enterprise that will not realize the returns that are expected. The same happened in Rwanda. This here and that's about what we're seeing is these are older units, but there has been an element where houses are allocated to low income households. And then in addition, there is a consequence of those allocations that households are subletting. And they're making a choice, they're moving away so that they can earn an income from the rental of these units. That's a logical decision in many instances by those households, but it's not achieving the kinds of development expectations that the government has had. I was in Abhijan about a month ago. And this is a development in Cote d'Ivoire. They've made a promise of delivering 150,000 units, affordable housing units. And this is a development of 34,000. And it's sitting stalled at the moment, or many of it is stalled. How do I do this? There we go. Good. And partly that's because these 34,000 units in this development were allocated across a series of developers who were unable to access the construction finance they needed to finish their projects because they don't have the capacity as businesses to receive that money. So they're not big enough. And the capacity of developers to deliver large scale developments is actually very limited across many of most countries across this continent. And the expectation, however, for scale is such that pushes them to a point where you do get abandoned developments because they can't finish the projects. A fund, the Pan-African Housing Fund, was set up to fund affordable housing developments and they were unable to amass enough projects to actually use the money that they have in their fund because they can't find developers to receive their money. And then we have, I think, the point Jose that you made is that there's a lot of, both of you made, is that there's a lot of existing housing. And in fact, rental is dominant. So this is a picture of Abhijan. And 54% of urban households in Cote d'Ivoire are renting 78% in Abhijan itself. And many of them, in fact, the housing conditions that people are in in those units are poor. So access to services, access to water and sanitation is limited. And we spend so much time thinking about new build and we're not thinking about refurbishment and the kinds of financing structures that would improve the quality of this kind of housing. And then my last point is that in the meantime, people are making a plan. They are actually trying to get on with it. So this is a woman in Johannesburg in an area called Slovoville, which is just outside Soweto or in the edge of Soweto. And having received this plot of land and that pink house through the government subsidized housing program, she dragged the container on it and ran a small business from that, which raised an income that she could use to service a loan to build backyard rental. You can see that in the back there, that cement structure. What's so interesting is that South African policymakers for the longest time thought backyard rental was informal. And yet there are so many examples of households actively of their own accord and often despite policy, building good quality rental housing, because they're responding to a need. You can see a mine in the far background there, which is the source of her demand for rental accommodation. So what does that begin to tell us about a value chain? And when we think about a value chain and the delivery of housing, we like to group it all together because that's easier. So that first example in Colombo was trying to get it all together in one bit. So this is stylized. It's different from one housing process to the other. But this is our housing delivery value chain. And I'd like to suggest that each and every one of those links in the chain is a finance moment itself and doesn't have to be grouped together. It's easier to group it together, but it's more expensive to do that as well. And so what we need to start looking at then is what are the finance instruments that can service the different finance moments along the value chain. And some of those may well group things together. A mortgage will group together a whole bunch of those. And in fact, the mortgage is only possible actually if there's construction finance proceeding that. And those two go together. But if not, it might be a micro loan that enables access to land or access to title and then extension of a room. The difficulty is that all of those finance instruments need money themselves and they rely on funding instruments in capital markets and investors. And the problem that we face as we try to promote housing for all is that we've got all of the turquoise actors at the top looking at that value chain at the bottom and trying to understand where they fit. And if they see an inconsistency in any one of those bubbles they're going to rather go to a shopping mall or a casino or a road or something else. And they're not going to do housing because housing can be messy. And a critical thing I think for planners and for governments and for development practitioners, in addition to the parties in this map here is to create confidence in each one of those links along that chain so that the people in the turquoise space, oh my goodness, will be able to respond to the opportunities along the value chain. So quickly to just look at what those might be. There are some really interesting examples across the continent and I have them listed and we can talk about them later but to summarize, fascinating land readjustment strategy that's being employed in Maputo in Mozambique. We're taking an informal settlement that's located in the inner city and for each plot where households have rights to that land, in fact dividing that plot into building two houses on top of the land and using the development of the two houses, the supply of the land to enable the existing household to have a formal dwelling and another dwelling put on top. Some blockchain registration approaches which are being explored in Ghana to accelerate the title process. In terms of bulk infrastructures and very interesting public-private partnerships those are dangerous and scary but old mutual working with CABS which is a mortgage lender within Zimbabwe able to support the delivery of infrastructure that normally is the job of a municipality a municipality that doesn't have the capacity to do that. In terms of house construction itself, a fascinating mobile platform to connect and enable scale builders and I want to jump to that quickly just to show that I think that's probably the most interesting one in terms of our context here and to feedback into what we've been talking in the previous two inputs. Then a recognition of the fact that housing consumers in fact are housing suppliers themselves and the trust for urban housing finance tough in South Africa providing commercial mortgage finance which is based on not the affordability of the borrower but their future income stream to provide rental accommodation on a small scale basis and they do I think Jose what you were alluding to massive small so they've delivered now or they financed the delivery of 33,000 units in the past 15 years which is more than any other development in South Africa that's gone large scale and they've managed to achieve that by funding landlords who each have maybe three to 30, 50 units each. Then we have maintenance and improvements is also addressed by that sales and transfer looking at underwriting for informal incomes in Nigeria and some interesting programs to really recognize to get lenders to grapple with the fact that the majority of their customers whether they're going to be for mortgages or for other kinds of finance are coming with incomes they don't understand right now so to develop uniform underwriting standards to make it possible for lenders to lend to people who have different kinds of incomes in our evolving labor market and lastly home-based enterprises and backyard rental really creates an opportunity to diversify the urban infrastructure and what has in many cases I'm looking forward to seeing that happen in Addis to create not residential dormitories but vibrant economies where residents are also entrepreneurs and I guess I will stop there. Thank you. Just a quick question. One very interesting thing in the South African context is there's a complete disjuncture between where people live and where people are living and you spoke now about all the difficulties in financing new housing if you were to sort of think about how do you merge those two dimensions which are at least in the South African context and I think in many other contexts and not being successfully merged together do you think this could perhaps create a different logic in terms of how do you get people able to participate in some of these systems some of these new systems that you say are emerging and be able to maybe incrementally afford a different kind of dwelling? Absolutely, absolutely. I mean I think that if we look at some of the established the existing townships, low income areas within South Africa we work in an area called Kailicha which is on the edge of Cape Town that's already a functioning area people have been living there for a very long time and you're right the majority for the longest time that was a residential dormitory travelling into the city of Cape Town as that area, as governance in that area improves streets are paved, services are delivered rubbish is collected and so on and people start to invest in their housing and are able to do that in such a way where they can extend by putting in a shop or providing rental accommodation and in fact there's an explosion of quality rental accommodation the thing that's been missing is that value chain at the bottom often times it's the finance that glues it together and if a household can't afford that big piece of finance if they can only afford a micro loan the value chain itself doesn't function well for them and so finding ways to connect the value chain together and I think that's the one example I wanted to raise the platform is called iBuild it is a technological platform but it doesn't need a smartphone and what it does is it connects builders to people who are looking to improve their properties to lenders who want to invest explicitly in housing by creating almost a micro ecosystem it creates the opportunity for residents in Kailita who are not yet employed, formerly employed to build economic activity on their properties and that then creates a suburb that's functioning and that doesn't need to travel into the city of Cape Town on a daily basis because there is a local economy that's operating in that space In a moment we're going to move to three other case studies in three other parts of the world but just to play devil's advocate for a moment with these three presentations it seems to me that what I'm hearing and maybe it's a fault also of the urban age and the way we've just organized these two panels after the other, there is a profound disconnect between let's call it planning vision for the city as a whole and housing I mean that's what I keep on hearing and the only examples we get are from Mexico City where it failed so in many ways what are we actually bringing to the table and I think I know that Singapore obviously is the prime example of how to get it right but I think we might want to reflect on that in those cases one of the points you made very interesting is that the landscape of the cities that you're studying and are inhabited in this region effectively you said something like form follows money effectively the landscape of investment is what we're ending up with and it ain't a very happy sight that's what we're doing I think if Jean-Louis Misica were here I can't see him or those of us who maybe are admirers of the city of Barcelona or even the Uber capitalist grid of Manhattan could say that there are ways of actually designing and investing in physical form which is privately funded which is ultimately equitable and that can actually deal with all these issues and I'm just parking it there perhaps we can go back to that I think the point that Scott made about the planning regime that recognizes the way Indigenous or the way people get on with it actually and that supports that so that's important to enable their activity but what's equally as important from that kind of an approach is that to create the confidence of the money so that the money can trust that that's going to be a good process and will be well governed and will be able to do this and engage in the way in which people are improving and developing and they may well even be going up we see that there's a variety of urban forms but the investor at the very top so far removed from what's happening on the ground needs to trust that that's going to be a good strategy and if they can start to feel that and recognize that they may then move away from those massive investments that they can go with in other places I would say I think that there is definitely the idea is not to romanticize self-building because it takes too much out of households to do that the idea is to sort of say I think that planning needs to intervene at different stages in some Indian cities you see households that after a generation of slow improvement are actually able and happy to enter into mortgage-based vertical housing and I think the question is to say where are your wages and if you treat housing as a wage question there are cities in India where I would be fully ready for vertical upgrading because the employment pattern and the wages of those households have done so typically after about 10 years of upgradation so actually it's not that planning has not engaged with informal settlements it has but it has done it without saying it's doing it we give water to informal settlements we give electricity and drainage we give slow improvements but we do it at a discretionary way not as policy and not as rights and I think that is unfair to residents and citizens because then you are not getting services as a right you get them because of a political negotiation endlessly with the state if we call that our planning process I think that in a generation you will have a different economic market that is able to take land-based planning but my only point is we are not there yet and pretending that we are is disingenuous to our planning practice we hear more from Joseph and Taibat I'm sure that issue in a moment but I think it would be good now to move on to the sort of second set of presentations effectively on mass housing models and given that a few of us were able to experience through the visits yesterday some of the projects and in fact Jose showed in photographs there's nothing nowhere better to start but with Addis Ababa then we'll move to Singapore and the Karachi experience


Muslim faithful in the ocean state have asked the federal government not to relent in fighting terrorism, kidnappings and other vices in Nigeria. This was at an event in Oshobo. They also command the effort of the federal government with the purchase of the state-of-the-art military equipment to tackle insurgencies. We would want to reiterate that the federal government should not relent in efforts in fighting terrorism, kidnappings and fighting bandits. The community commands the effort of the federal government's commitment with the purchase of the state-of-the-art military equipment to prosecute the insurgencies. It is our prayer that Allah grants our sugars success. Thirdly, the security is everybody's business. Nigerians should be security-conscious and assist the government in exposing miscreants and mischief elements in the society. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Internal Revenue Service IRS tax news join the taxpayer advocacy panel and health improve the IRS apply by April 8th IR 2022-37 February 16 2022 Washington the internal revenue service today announced it is seeking civic minded volunteers to serve on the taxpayer advocacy panel otherwise known as the TAP the TAP applications will be accepted through April 8th what is the taxpayer advocacy panel you might ask well here we go will give you the answer the TAP the TAP the taxpayer advocacy panel in other words is a federal adversary committee that serves a vital role in tax administration TAP members volunteer their time and energy to improve IRS services and taxpayers satisfaction by listening to taxpayers identifying significant taxpayer concerns and making recommendations to address those concerns the TAP the TAP is a diverse group of ordinary citizens who possess a sense of civic duty, patriotism and belief in an effective and well regarded tax system the TAP makes a difference by joining it joining it you can too so TAP successes in 2021 each year the TAP submits dozens of recommendations to the IRS in 2021 alone the TAP made 193 recommendations to the IRS many of which have already been implemented because of the TAP's recommendations in 2021 the IRS has improved many of its tax forms instructions and publications and clarified the information in several frequently used IRS letters when the IRS closed one of its processing centers in 2021 the TAP worked with the IRS to ensure news releases and other messaging was issued to alert impacted taxpayers in several states the TAP effectively advocated to have the IRS partner with volunteer tax preparation organizations to spread the message even further Martha J. Lewis 2020 new national TAP chair recently stated quote if we look at the past and all the TAP has accomplished is truly amazing we will have a lot of work to do especially in the area of taxpayers understanding what we do and how we can help them and quote who can apply to extend the to the extent possible the TAP includes members from all 50 states the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico as well as one member to represent U.S. citizens living and working abroad each member is appointed to the to represent the interest of taxpayers in their geographic location as well as taxpayers overall federal advisory committees are required to have a balanced representation of different viewpoints therefore applicants from underrepresented groups such as Native Americans and non tax professionals are particularly encouraged to apply TAP is currently seeking candidates in the following states Alabama Arkansas Arizona California Colorado Florida Iowa Idaho Illinois Indiana Kentucky Massachusetts Maine Missouri Mississippi Montana North Carolina North Dakota New Hampshire New Mexico Nevada New York Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Texas Vermont Wisconsin and West Virginia However candidates residing in all the listed locations are encouraged to apply and all timely applications will be considered TAP members must use U.S. citizens must be U.S. citizens who are current with their federal tax obligations and able to commit 200 to 300 volunteer hours during the year TAP members must also pass a federal Bureau of Investigation criminal background check members cannot be a federally registered lobbyists so you can that would be okay current current Department of the Treasury or IRS employees cannot serve on the panel former Department of the Treasury or IRS employees and former TAP members can be considered for appointment three years after their appointment or previous TAP member has ended tax practitioner applicants must be in good standing with the IRS meaning not currently under suspicion or disbarment new TAP members will serve a three year term starting in December 2022 applicants chosen as alternate members will be considered to fill any vacancies in their areas during the next three years More information for additional information about the TAP and to start the application process visit www.improvers.org there's a link to that here or you could call the toll free number at<PHONE_NUMBER> there'll be a link to this in the description so you can get this information from there so I won't read this stuff like five times like an infomercial or anything like that and select prompt number five callers outside the U.S. may call<PHONE_NUMBER> not a toll free number or email the TAP staff at there's an email address a video there's a video link here is also available with more information about the TAP about how to contribute to this dynamic group of volunteers so if you're interested in that there's more information here including that contact information and the video to possibly provide more information about them and there'll be a link to this in the description


Hey Bolo Buddies, thanks for watching. Okay, this is part five of my Bolo Buddies Unexpected 50 unexpected Bolo's that are coming from my Bolo Buddies Facebook group So I invite all of you guys to share Your Bolo's with me in the Facebook group So what you do is if you have an eBay auction, it has to be an auction. It has to have bids You have to have gotten it cheap and have like a good profit margin and then you message me on Messenger on Facebook and you say hey, I got a Bolo You give me the link if you can tell me where you got it and what you paid for it I do appreciate that but if you want to keep that to yourself, that's fine also But and then I share it in the Facebook group and it helps others learn and now that I'm doing this video It will be featured here So definitely join my Bolo Buddies Facebook group if you're not in it the link is down in the description of the video and Share those Bolo's with me and I'll get them in the group So it gets you exposure for your eBay store and exposure on your item. I have had people sell items that way. So Thanks for being here. Thanks for watching. I'm Courtney. I share with you Bolo items items to be on the lookout for I Share items in many ways. I do category videos. I do featured seller videos. I'm doing this series I also have a new channel called sourcing with Bolo Buddies where I share with you guys how I source thrift with me videos unboxing videos YouTube auctions when I source there just all kinds of videos garage sales coming soon videos Things I used to do them on this channel, but it was just getting to be too much over here So I'm branching it out and doing those videos on that channel sourcing with Bolo Buddies So go check that out. There's also a link down in the description Alright, let's get started with 50 unexpected Bolo's these are items to be on the lookout for some of these items are probably a little harder to find But it's better to at least know what to look for even if you never find it Because if you don't know about it, you're definitely not gonna find it because you're gonna walk Right past it and there are so many items that I post in my Bolo Buddies Facebook group that I'm like I would have walked right past that so let's get started All right, the first item is this steif bear and they didn't even put steif in the title. I thought that was really really strange, but It does say Steif down here Um But not Mercari and Poshmark do a great job of checking the description for words when you're searching But I don't think eBay does I think you actually have to filter in that you want to search the description also So anyway, I don't know it sold for a hundred and fifty two dollars and fifty cents I'm not sure if that is good or bad for this bear or this bunny, but Yeah, could it have gone for more if steif would have been in the title. What do you guys think comment below? The next item I definitely would have parted out I recently got a huge dollhouse haul more items than this and I parted a lot of the items out Now I did list items some items in bulk But for the most part I did small lots or even individual items There's definitely money to be made on vintage dollhouse items I'm guessing that maybe a reseller bought this this sold for two hundred and fifteen dollars thirty nine beds plus shipping I also have a Bolo buddies Bolo category video on dollhouse items. So definitely go to my YouTube channel and check that out Then okay, so this is the butcher cover and you guys honestly I Just saw this and I just Saw how much it was going for and I shared it. I didn't even look at the graphics. It's awful I can see why they took this cover away and said no, it's horrible It's horrible So anyway, if you find an original butcher cover They are a major Bolo this one sold for six thousand three hundred and ninety eight dollars But I can most definitely see why this is no longer in production. I awful Anyway, the next item that sold are these vintage stickers. I also have a Bolo category video on vintage stickers They can be a major Bolo and they can also be bread and butter So definitely go check out that video. So you know what to look for these sold for a hundred and fifty two dollars and fifty cents they are from the 80s and The buyer paid shipping and it looks like there's just one photo That's very weird All right, the next item that sold is this vintage 1965. It's a mini real-to-real tape recorder How cool is that and this sold for two hundred and fifty three dollars plus shipping? The next item that sold is this vintage Stereo cassette radio boom box you guys this sold for seven hundred dollars 65 bids plus shipping The next item are these nineteen ninety two Mattel totally hair Barbies would you have sold these as a lot or individually? Let me know in the comments Considering like five of them are exactly the same. I don't know if I would have sold it this way But they sold for two hundred and eleven dollars and ten cents plus shipping The next item that sold is this vintage Pokemon Pikachu flash film camera sold for a hundred and fifty two dollars and fifty cents and The buyer paid shipping also back on the Barbies I'd like to tell you guys my reseller treasure and toy attic are two great Toy channels that will talk about Barbies. So definitely check those out again That's my reseller treasure and toy attic The next item that sold is this John Deere It's a brochure guys sold for fifty three Dollars and the buyer paid shipping. How cool is that?    It's a sunflower vase sold for two hundred and seventy two dollars and ninety eight cents and The buyer paid shipping Okay, so this one was Listed and sold by Mountain Man Treasures treasure. I always say treasures. It's Mountain Man treasure Troy He has been like on a Barbie kick and this guy is finding Barbie after Barbie after Barbie that are selling for good money Here's one that sold for a hundred and seventy seven dollars and fifty cents. It's the totally hair Barbie So Troy sells more than Barbie So definitely go check out Mountain Man treasure because he is a Bolo finder and he was a part of the thrift 15 challenge So if you guys want to see all of the thrift 15 videos You can go to the YouTube search bar and type in thrift 15 But you got a hashtag it and it'll pull up the 12 people that participated and I sold a 95 dollar plush That I found and it sold and I got fourth place So there was some steep competition. So you can learn a lot from those videos. So definitely go check them out This and the winner was the homeschooling picker if you guys haven't checked out her channel Definitely check her out. She is a hoot, but she is also super knowledgeable and you will definitely learn from her Okay, so this vintage full circle lilac ruffles it's like a pageant dress and I do have a video on Toddler dresses to be on the lookout for and one thing you want to do is lay it out in a circle Like this photo if you find these because that is one thing that will help sell your item for more money This sold for two hundred and forty three dollars and fifty cents plus shipping The next item that sold is this vintage ERT L John Deere. It's a log skitter like tractor It's sold for two hundred and twenty five dollars plus shipping The next item that sold is this vintage postcard. It's of oak wood Sanitarium Lake Geneva in Wisconsin. This one single postcard sold for 90 Dollars you guys so there is money that can be made on postcards. I don't know anything about it, but Definitely be on the lookout This one is unbelievable. It's an X rare unlisted vintage bitters bottle crystal bitters Louisville, Kentucky I don't know that I would have picked this up. I probably would have walked right by it I don't know about you guys. Let me know if you would have picked it up or if you would have walked right by it Sold for one thousand four hundred and twenty five dollars buyer paid shipping The next item is this vintage victorious secret second skin satin bra and panty set I The bra was not the second skin satin. I don't think it sure doesn't look like it. I could be wrong But the panty definitely is so if you guys know something I don't know that doesn't look like satin But anyway, this sold for a hundred and thirty two dollars and fifty cents this line from victorious secret is Highly sought after almost always a bolo. So if you can find the second skin satin collection definitely definitely Pick it up This looks to be new old stock because I can see a tag right there The next item that sold is this ethan allen mirror so One item that is talked about in my bolo buddies facebook group often is ethan allen There's a guy in the group That specializes in ethan allen and everybody's like should I buy this how much is it worth? I mean all the time ethan allen But uh, if you want to know more about ethan allen definitely come check out the group because there are ethan allen posts all the time So I guess it's just a big money bolo like you can sell it and it sells well on ebay you do have to like, uh Ship it it's usually furniture So, um, he kind of helps out with those tips also and shares with you his carrier and stuff The next item is this antique wool short belt baseball cap. It's from the early 1900s. It's a uniform hat And it's kind of a hot mess and it's still sold for two hundred and twenty five dollars and twenty five cents And the buyer paid shipping The next item was listed and sold by a member of my bolo buddies facebook group. It's a vintage briar creations Siamese kitten and it sold for sixty eight dollars plus shipping So the gal reached out to me and she shared this with me and I shared it in the facebook group And I went and I looked at her store and i'm like girl you are a bolo finder I'm like can I feature your store and she said yes So what I did is I featured her store and um I think it's called a top drawer boutique Um, but I recently did that video. It's a featured seller video So you can go to my youtube channel and I actually feature her bolos and I do pick people from the group from time to time Typically people will message me saying they're interested or something like this happens Or it's another youtuber that's interested in being featured. So if you guys are interested in having your eBay store featured feel free to reach out to me and I will try to fit it in when I do the featured seller videos But definitely go check out that video The next item I Not that I sold sorry. I'm so used to doing my what solds The next item that was shared in my facebook group by me that I just searched ebay and found for you guys Is this lip smackers glitter kit and it sold for 295 plus shipping The next item that sold is this vintage um 80s matel masters of the universe heman scare glow figure Sold for 135 And 50 cents in the buyer page shipping The next item is this vogue baby doll 18 inch from the 1960s and I can't say that I would have looked at this and thought that it was a bolo This sold for 121 Plus shipping if I saw this at a garage sale. I probably would have left it in the free pile like honestly It's got a stain. It's hairs a mess I never would have guessed would you guys have thought that this was a bolo Let me know in the comments. Am I the only one that would have walked right by it The next item are these 14 my little ponies. This picture is awful. I mean I'm not trying to be mean, but that's not a great picture And the person has enough feedback that you would think like this should have been the first picture I mean people are going to look at this and think they're getting five ponies Well, you can kind of see a couple maybe seven But you know what I'm saying this picture definitely would have been more Telling of what's included, but maybe I'm wrong Maybe one of these is like the high dollar ones So they wanted to zoom in and make you go into the listing to look for the other pictures That could be do you think it was strategy or do you think the seller messed up and put a bad picture in the front? Let me know what you think in the comments The next item is this 1930s vintage john rite cast iron swordfish Figurale bottle opener. How cool is that? Um, anyway, it sold for 167 dollars and 51 cents cool boy crush CD and a member of my bolo buddies facebook group sent me this one They had it up for auction and it sold for 110 dollars and 50 cents and the buyer paid shipping The next item that sold is this vintage zippo Missouri midshipman cruise lighter And it sold for 514 dollars And the buyer paid shipping now. I feel really bad about as 483 dollars and 87 cents It is rain. So this is a horse bit. I believe that goes like in a horse's mouth And it is really decorative and fancy and it's sold for 410 dollars Plus shipping The next item that sold is this vintage gi joe. He's one of the fuzzy haired guys See there. He's got fuzzy hair. Um Yeah, there you have it Is that like stuck to his chest? Oh my goodness. It is that's so weird Huh, yeah, obviously I've never seen this guy But he stands up and everything That's pretty wild. Does he talk because that looks like a speaker Yeah team talking commander sold for 285 dollars and 50 cents plus shipping The next item is this vintage girls dress Sugar cookies outfit sold for 78 dollars plus shipping always look up the vintage dresses Some of them can go for big money The next item is this vintage nineties betty boop all over print rack tea I think a member of my bolo buddies facebook group sent me this one also Not a hundred percent, but if I remember correctly they did and It's got some stains But still sold for 165 dollars plus shipping Don't quote me on that, but I think they did If not, I just found it on ebay This antique teal wall mount phone and I think somebody said that that could be like cigarette smoke Like somebody smoked in the house and that's what that staining is I don't know if that's It says original old So I don't know if that's legit or if that's just what somebody thinks happened Anybody know would cigarette smoke do that? Because the cord looks like it's like minty I don't know. I think it's just maybe where it was sitting in the box I don't know. Maybe that part wasn't exposed So for 112 dollars 50 cents buyer paid shipping the next item is this all brass rare 1987 eagle claw fish and animal Mouse trap, huh Sold for 305 dollars and the buyer paid shipping The next item looks like a kid's shirt, but I think it is listed under Men's clothing. So I think it's just how it's laid out, but it's a vintage Disney Pinocchio t-shirt sold for 191 dollars and 50 cents plus shipping The next item sold. It's a vintage half gallon ball Mason jar and it's folk art hand-painted. So I'm guessing it's probably one of a kind Sold for 138 dollars and 50 cents plus shipping Next item are these vintage sandy lion sticker lot. There's bears rocking chair bunny rabbit animals Cowboys sold for 79 dollars and 22 cents plus shipping The next item is this vintage lot of 350 Refrigerator magnets and most of them are like states and stuff like that How would you guys have sold these as a lot or would you have sold them individually? Seller got 184 and 50 cents plus shipping out of that Next item is this ag rogers vintage buddy l moving truck pressed steel sold for 866 dollars and 99 cents that is amazing Amazing buddy l So if you see a buddy l definitely look it up. The next item is this vintage Dior Samo a a de cologne Christian Dior perfume 444 dollars for that one and it says that it is new And that's what it looks like Hope I find some of that the next item is this amazing vintage brunette flip twist and turn barbie doll and her makeup is Fantastic a lot of times the makeup will peel. I do think the seller should have put more photos But either way she sold for 295 plus shipping The next item is so cute. It's a rare original 1940s vintage buddy Lee doll look at that little corduroy not corduroy Overalls the little overalls are they not cute and it says sanford sanford eyes Sanford eyes Union made so the little corduroy's are vintage. How cute is that so for 635 dollars 37 bids plus shipping The next item is this 1890s rare vintage label under glass Flask mary christmas. Happy new year. So label is under the glass How cool is that sold for 305 dollars plus shipping The next item is this rare vintage pyrex opal and blue clouds and stars and this sold for $5927 plus shipping now this person had zero feedback when they listed it So let's go in and look at their feedback Why isn't it letting me? Okay Why won't it show me their feedback? There we go Rare vintage pyrex it sold an amazing piece and a truly great experience with this seller so everybody's afraid to order from zero feedback sellers here was a Good example of a success They became a member on january 26th of 21 and I bet that they Decided to put this on ebay and it was their first sale. So that's pretty cool The next item is this vintage lace trims and they sold for 172 and 50 cents plus shipping The next item was shared with me from a member of my bolo buddies facebook group Um, I forget why she said this was going for so much. I think it has something to do with the author fran Lee bowitz. I don't know if she's like something with the tv show Um, I cannot remember what she told me Not sure but anyway, she sold this for $200 and 50 cents plus shipping. It's a paperback book you guys So I wish I could remember why I'm sorry. Maybe do a google search. I'm sure it'll tell you Um, tell you why but it's something to do with the author The next item that sold is this gorgeous vintage blonde walking jamie doll mint And her makeup looks great. She's got the eyelashes that look real And she sold for 368 dollars 57 bids plus shipping and she is in excellent condition. Look how good her hair looks The next item that sold are these vintage lot of seven various wood and cork fishing bobbers and floats These sold for 115 dollars plus shipping The next item is this vintage 1920s moonlight polywog lower Series 700 wooden bait sold for 355 dollars plus shipping Definitely bait Fishing lures can definitely be a bolo, but for me, I just don't understand them enough. So I usually pass But my husband has found some amazing fishing lures The next item is this huge lot of 145 pokemon toys Some of them are rare and these sold for $1,000 I do think that a white background definitely would have been beneficial for this listing just as far as seeing the items better But it looks like they did okay. I think I've sold that little guy in the front See the little purple guy in the front. I have sold him individually by himself before I think it was like a bath toy So you can definitely sell these individually as bread and butter also All right, you guys there are your 50 unexpected bolos again These were pulled from my bolo buddies facebook group Please go check it out if you're not a member the link is down in the description And sorry for the sleepy eyes. I feel like I'm trying to like hold my eyes open Um, thanks for being here. Thanks for watching. Be sure to like comment subscribe and share and I'll see you at the next video Also, check out my new channel sourcing with bolo buddies and reseller testing products Thanks for watching