Hello, my name is Gordon Winkage, and I'm going to talk about Freebies the audio for professional and audio and amateur Setups and equipment It's basically Mostly going to do with the non-audio stuff basically going through the The system and components how they all come together to give you a better audio experience and Agenda I'm gonna work. I'm gonna talk about is first virtual OSS is You can kind of say that it binds all together and makes Advanced hardware less advanced for the applications It does some routing it has a lot of things Jack to as one of the audio servers But it's a it's a special one because it's designed to be running a studio. There are some other Audio servers that I'm gonna briefly talk about and how they correlate to the to the applications and to the environment There is this Mystical thing called real-time That got really better Over the the time in free BSD and How to actually tune your free BSD for more real timeness and a better response faster response from the your audio device I Have some Wishes for the future, but we will see what the future brings so virtual OSS is Written by Hans Peter Sileski. Thank you very much It's a really amazing software that Extends the capability of a built-in OSS kernel OSS And it can do stuff like Big number of channels Being more than eight probably not problem, but Mixing and resampling is faster in user space. So if you have Big number of channels Like I have 18. I know that Hans has 32 and it gets Sluggish of the kernel does it so the virtual OSS helps with that Combining splitting is Weird concept of if you have Let me talk about combining first What I mean by combining today You can easily find a hardware that has for example USB microphone and Bluetooth headphones. So you kind of have to combine them into one One audio interface virtual interface that application know how to talk to and communicate with it That's where the virtual OSS really shines with how to say consumer electronics and Splitting if you have something like 18 channels of audio that I have back at home and you Say to for example chromium. Okay deal with this weird stuff my my happen and Usually applications that are not specifically for audio are not gonna handle Weird number of channels in a right way So having Ability to split the card into two maybe clone them would be better Term Gives you ability to have one huge card Represented at one stereo device and one device with the rest of the channels That way your Firefox your chromium, whatever the common application that uses audio won't get confused and It's beautiful that virtual OSS can create Slash dive slash DSP, which is a default audio device so all your applications don't have to deal with the Whatever they find weird in audio sense Yeah, and it can also resample and Adjust to the audio so your application doesn't have to know about that Usually you don't want that in a studio, but you want that in on your laptop or some consumer device When I say routing in utilities there is whenever you have a system that has multiple channels or Multiple as called and peer-to-peer routing becomes Important that work is the obvious Example of that, but if you imagine 32 channels or even 64 Then what goes where is really important because sometimes you don't want to all your channels to go to the main mix Sometimes you want to listen to something in the monitor, but not to go to the to the PA and routing in virtual OSS Enables you to To achieve certain flexibility with which channel goes to which output and stuff like that And when I say utilities there is built-in Equalizer there is compression almost by default because Sometimes you're gonna have like two programs output their audio and It would normally clip You would just cut off if it's too loud, but the the virtual OSS has a compression So it gradually Lowers down the volume of the output and if it's too loud it's just gonna hard clip it anyway Just to protect the device There is a really weird consequence of not having your Device turned on while your virtual OSS is working because no Callback is going to be cold or audio callback all your videos are just gonna stand there They're not stuck. They are just waiting for the callback that never arrives So the consequence of that is that if I don't turn up my My mixer, which is also a USB audio device All my ads are just stuck So it kind of is funny that the virtual OSS is an ad removal thing It's it's a funny coincidence. Yeah, sorry and It enables us easier development One of the features virtual OSS has is a dummy device So it doesn't have to be connected to any harbor. You just Create a dummy device and you use it for example in your audio tests. So you don't listen to all the crappy noise that that would otherwise go to your speakers and you can have end-to-end tests and Really be well more sure that your application is working As I mentioned Jack two is Well, there was a Jack one before I think this year we got to Jack two Jack two is Well more actively we maintained Jack implementation and It started by Somebody wrote Problem report on a bugzilla saying hey midnight BSD has in their imports Jack to and I was very interested in that because I am following the Jack Development even before I switched to free BSD and I was really interested in that I Found a patch. I updated to the Current version. It just compiled and worked on my machine, but Florian Vaupen Actually did the proper porting balancing of buffers and Really really good implementation was done by Florian. I just made it compile But I was happy with it for a while the One thing that I'm gonna return to that one thing that Jack knows Since it was conceived is a real time I'm gonna explain what real time means for audio in just a second, but Jack always knew what the real time is and used it on Linux because it was conceived in Linux and it had problems with Free BSD not in the implementation the implementation was good, but the user non-route user couldn't Use the real-time priority for its threads so That was kind In the limbo it kind of works, but not and it was weird and And It's intended for studio the Florian really did a good job there. It runs on Weird hardware 24 bits which is weird because it's three bytes data and It really shines say in the studio you can of course use it in a consumer Like laptops or whatever you want to use it. It's just not that it's gonna bring something to you on If it's not in the studio and that's why although it's Audio server I mentioned it separately because its intention is different from the others and the others are post audio as in the IO and also They can all they all have a back-end for OSS So they can either use virtual OSS or your OSS device in kernel depending on what you want and what you have and All of them are supported and when I say portable audio development you can do Stuff like for example, you can create a jail you can create Sorry first you can create a dummy device with virtual OSS true DevFS you can assign it to a certain Jail and you can have your development in the jail. You don't have to use the jail But it's a possibility if you want it and all of those Audio servers are also working With either virtual OSS or in kernel implementation So free bsd gives you ability to if your DSP developer or audio developer It gives you a really nice ability to be portable and to be nice to other operating system and support them Although you've never seen for example as in the IO own open bsd You can still develop for it and well be nice to open bsd Real time it's It's a It's a really weird concept because it depends on the where are you defining it? For example Web sockets are considered to be real-time communication But they can have like I don't know 300 millisecond delay or maybe even more depends on where your server and clients are so Initiation of real-time really depends on where you use it and in in the industry Embedded devices real-time is like give me now don't be late Even one millisecond if it's possible, but don't be late at all right for audio. It's impossible to achieve that the different components are going to have different delays like your Analog to digital converter is gonna have a small buffer DA Converter is also gonna have a buffer. You're gonna have a buffer in the For example jack or your application. Maybe your application uses OSS directly So there are always small buffers that are gonna add up. So we know you World real-time is usually five to six milliseconds totally like a round trip And if you have six milliseconds, that's okay I mean okay in a sense that if I plug my guitar, for example, I don't get boom Right. It's really hard to to to play if you if something is lagging too much So too much in an audio sense over six milliseconds Real-time in freebies D is not a new thing It always was there or at least Since I use it it was always there, but non-route users couldn't use it so Hanson Florian wrote a patch for the Mac framework that allows Real-time group users to utilize real-time Scheduler So it's not that real-time needed to be Bundled in the kernel. It was already there. Just the permissions were wrong in the audio sense and Why it's important? Well, you can have for example Playback and your playback is let's say a second late But if all playback is exactly one second late You don't care about that because the music is just fine but If you're playing you really want it to be fast and to get the feedback right away if it's possible and One thing that you want to avoid is called the jitters. That's if There is absolutely no real-time implementation and your system is under a load for whatever reason your audio can be late and your Sign wave can distort or whatever you're playing can distort because Sample is not here, but here in a Time-wise scale, so it's gonna play too late and your your Signal is gonna distort now if you have only one system that it is towards it You're probably not gonna hear it because human ear cannot hear distortion under 3% But if you chain that up For example a few devices like we have some some chain here It can end up and you can really get lousy audio at the output and you don't want that and It's beautiful that even applications without Real-time support can utilize real time It's a weird concept that I only encounter in free BSD But I'm Only using free BSD some other operating system might have that I'm just not familiar with it this is All you need to to enable your user to utilize real-time well logout and log in and to actually make it active But that's it and this became The this got into the generic kernel in 13.1. So before that there is I think there is a port that Florian made for older Versions But I'm not gonna lie to you. I didn't use it. So I'm not gonna talk about it much And then audacious is my favorite audio player, but you can swap in whatever command you want in here and What is does is Artiprio is gonna run audacious with run time priority of 20 Real-time priority is like a nice so it has Range of real-time priorities 20 is I think the the least prioritized one and Then if your system for Example is building something and all your course are busy. You can Still have non choppy audio playing and it's all nice and I actually use it on a daily basis on Something that is really old Harbor 11 years old. I I 5 with 8 gigs of RAM. So Literally nothing special You could probably achieve the same goal differently, maybe by CPU pinning or some other Summoner technique but audacious on that on the mention system takes about 0.13 of load and having it sit on a CPU it's kind of Overkill so that this works really nicely for the past Well, whenever the 13.1 came out it was beginner beginning of summer and There are few tunables that you're probably gonna want to have in A real-time setting This is totally unimportant for the consumer devices But it kind of gives you better Work environment in the studio this here is It goes from zero to I think hundred and it's The way I understood it because I'm not kernel developer and I just try to understand stuff the best I can When IRQ appears if you don't have the Deviation set to zero it's gonna wait a bit So it's gonna handle all the IRQs that accumulated over time in a batch But you don't want them to in a real-time Scenario you want okay. There's an IRQ go for it do something right away So this gave us a problem when I say us. I mean I'm also contributor to drum sampling software called Drum Gizmo and tests were failing because it was too late to the test detected that the audio is always Too late, so it took us about I think four months to find that this actually exists and I think this speeds up audio more than anything else on a non-fully loaded system if it's a The high load system then real-time is gonna give you the best results USB as any device has a buffer and The lowest setting currently is two milliseconds of buffer So to achieve real-time The rest of your system has to do its stuff in four milliseconds It's possible It's possible, but it's kind of limiting So You have to tweak more stuff there than just this and I've been talking to Hans to lower this to a one millisecond Because maybe my hardware cannot deal with that. Maybe he's cannot deal with that But who knows what the future holds and maybe we are going to have devices that can do one millisecond of buffer So probably this is going to be lowered to one Maybe some distant future even sub millisecond, but we are gonna see when we get there This actually has nothing to do with Studio environment it's actually if your application doesn't know how to handle buffers with OSS and Configure the device properly You're gonna say, okay. This is the lowest latency. I mean not zero, but zero denotes that Give me the smallest possible buffer that is possible. I cannot tell you how big that buffer is because it depends on a Number of channels number of beats in a sample and so on But this is going to give you the the shortest one. So for example, if you use MPV it's going to get the the shortest buffer and be Real time as much as possible for an application unaware of the real time and This I'm not sure you should use this because sometimes you want it sometimes you don't Bit perfect is going to say, okay Whatever stream I get I'm just going to spew it out to the output and not do any kind of processing any kind of Sample rate conversion or whatever That means that all your audio applications have to deal with Fact that only one sample rate and bit depth is supported Although your device can can probably do more But not at the same time And there are devices that can do sample rate conversion And whatever conversion is needed in the hardware. So they are faster and you get faster responses Uh, luckily I I had no idea that such devices exist But Tommy Pernella was nice enough to tell me, okay, I have one so you can use that and I personally don't because my device doesn't handle resampling and adjusting of the audio But yeah, if you use for example jack Uh, it knows how to resample and and do all the the conversion that's needed. So that's going to speed it up a bit By not needing any Any more sampling any more Processing And the future is uh future is bright actually Uh Why say that? The reason I switched to to free bsd in 2016 Well, there are two reasons first. I come from Serbia and in 2016 euro bsd was in belgrade. So I was I was kind of embarrassed to go with a laptop that is not on the bsd and I tried it Before the conference and it was great The second reason is I had A dimension desktop back then And it has a hard drive and ssd ssd was with linux and hard drive was for whatever i'm experimenting at the moment Uh, and I experimented at that moment with the free bsd and even with a slower drive The free bsd gave me less jitters Uh, I don't know why maybe it's my setup. Maybe I did something wrong on linux So I don't want to blame the linux for being worse. It's just That's what made me switch to free bsd in the studio and So the future even the past is bright Well, but the future is even better because we have all this support everything That linux have uh software wise or most of it compiles on free bsd and you can use it like I don't know effects and sins and whatever you you desire So what we need now is more docs and examples Uh, I started learning about, uh dsp and audio development few years ago and Uh This year I wrote my first example that that is like a full example of audio So it's really hard to start There is no documentation and it's not only free bsd pick any operating system And it's really hard to start with audio Just playing the the I don't know way file That's One level of a problem, but really dealing with the buffers and sample rates and doing Properly in an audio studio sense. That's really hard to find So The documentation is growing I'm Striving to write the examples of audio Scenarios And today we have just one basic example of audio in a user share examples sound Uh, but there is a midi in review and There is going to be Combining of midi and audio True pulling and select Which is what you probably want in your studio midi for control and audio for the the well hearing So we really need more of those and uh better ones When I say more ports It's It's not that we don't have enough ports But the audio ecosystem recently is really growing I'm really happy to say that Open source audio is starting to shine and to do what proprietary software can do Not in all regards unfortunately and we are not Ready yet to to switch Proprietary solutions with open source ones, but we are really really close there is There is a really small window that that needs to fell then with With the ports and Linux normally has more audio developers than free bsd. So we need porting To be done to to catch There is sorry There is some optimization that can be done Maybe But dr. Hans In a lobby and we said okay, how about we profile stuff and One of two things is going to happen either free bsd. So perfectly implemented Has so perfectly implemented audio that nothing can be done But then it will The profiling will be like a hard the tangible proof of that I kind of suspect that's not the case, but we're gonna see The second thing that can happen. Okay free bsd is not the most optimal that it can be and we can make it better And profiling is probably going to show us with flame graphs where we are losing time and The that's the easy part with optimization. The hard part is what if we need I don't know for example different structure. There is no profiler that's Gonna tell tells us. Okay. Maybe you need to align these Variables better. So it's gonna be better and so on. So it needs to be done by somebody who is Really into it and understand it Currently, I'm afraid I'm not the one but I would like to learn it and to Contributing in such a in such a way And there is a really new concept. Well, you know a few years For audio that is A few decades old This is new those are Network based mixers. So they don't have any audio ports for input just for output And everything is done over the network Maybe that's the future. Maybe we Decide as an audio community that that doesn't really work well But I would really like to have a driver for such a mixer. They are out there in the in the Market you can purchase one and Kind of have the the Early introduction to them because I don't think they are Common enough to be as stable as they can be Because for example, what happens if I don't run a dedicated network just for audio? And if I do run a dedicated network for audio, does it mean that all my machines have to have to Ethernet cards or So it's new and a bit of uncharted, but it's there and I think it's a great concept and Speeds of Gigabit Gives us Nice ability to be real time and in the future, maybe 10 gigabits are gonna be So fast and efficient that Normal audio mixers are going to be replaced. Who knows? We're gonna see how how all that happens and I would like to tank of quite a few people That brought us here as you might have heard I am Presenting other people's work. I had really little to do with the implementation of this more with the documentation Hans Peter Sileski is the the first one his amazing developer helped me so many times answers all the questions and I'm already embarrassed to ask a next one and I guess he's gonna say once. Okay. Can you even read the code? Come on try it, man But yeah, you're amazingly patient and thank you Florian is another developer who who gave Endless stream of answers how advanced audio works Because it's complicated It sounds simple, but To to a newcomer that I was and then I discovered. Oh my god. What what have I Gone into this is so complicated and I mean there is no debugger for audio because Either you're not gonna get the sound you're gonna get the proper sound or you'll get So there is no debugger to tell you what the third one is doing wrong You have to stare at the code and see that You're off by one or something similar that I created all kinds of Errors before I started programming for this particular reason If the error occurs I want to be able to recognize it and not see it the first time that it occurs So I try to make all the errors I can In order to prepare myself how to to recognize that error Yuri Viktorovich is A few years port committer and he's already second on the list of Comminters who have a high number of ports Now for some reason he's interested in audio, but not so much in In a studio equipment if I remember correctly Talking to him. He's interested in measuring So there's Tons of ports that he did and so thank you Yuri It's it's wonderful and all the lv2 developers lv2 stands for Latzpa version 2 which is framework and libraries For developing plugins and digital audio workstations and hosts for those plugins and stuff So that you can have Delays flangers and whatever you want And they're mostly Mostly, I don't know any bsd developer that's Developing lv2 As a as a framework. So most of those people are linux developers So we are Blowering from them and thank you developers. It's been It's been a pleasure to to do that to to extend where the To go where no lv2 has gone before Right so They told me every presentation should end with the cat and this is my special reviewer Uh, I don't know if you can see but he's actually looking at the code. He's staring at it He's never sleeping when when when he's staring when we do this. So He's a fearsome reviewer and I still have a mark from a two-week old review that he left on my thumb And unfortunately it was his last review because we have to He passed away a week and a half ago on wednesday So I am sure my Contributions to the audio and freebies. They are never going to be the same This little fellow helped me that with that And if you have any questions, don't hesitate. These are my contacts And if you want presentation is the the last one Uh for the reasons of uh, Libra office breaking last week for me, I couldn't Use it to to create a spreadsheet So now everything is in latech and you will need that to build a pdf So you can view it But from now on it's everything going to be in latech for me and most of my Work and research is in audio. So if you're interested bookmark it or whatever Thank you Any questions? Sorry, can you help me with the mask? I have a problem understanding most of the jack Oh, yeah, uh The person is maintaining jack to port in open bsd. So Uh, they're interested if it can be upstreamed if I understood well There is I don't know how it's pronounced folk tx the the person who is The main developer behind the jack to and uh, uh on free bsd. It's a florian so Rc channel jack on Libra chat is where most of the communication is going on. I know for a fact that Falk tx is on mastodon also, but I don't know What are the preferences and maybe rc is the best because it's a real time Again with within its own context So sorry, can you remove the mask for the question? Okay, so so Well, it's not a question. It's a remark Uh audio over network is already established in live streaming and Well live venues So, uh, I need to update myself. Thank you And I can't say mine, right Yeah, well, uh I like bands that are in between like in between rock and metal. So godsmack Volbeat clutch Something like that rock and something else either rock and metal rock and blues and but rock is the The foundation


A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor. The word video in video game traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two or three-dimensional images. Some theorists categorized video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial. The electronic systems used to play video games aren't known as platforms. In addition to general-purpose computers like laptop flash desktop being used, there are devices created exclusively for the playing of video games. Platforms ranged from large mainframe computers to small handheld computing devices. Video games are developed and released for specific platforms. For example, a video game that is available to Steam may not be available to Xbox One. Specialized video games such as arcade games, in which the video game components are housed in a large, typically-coin-operated chassis, while common in the 1980s in video arcades, have gradually declined due to the widespread availability of affordable home video game consoles e.g. PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Nintendo. Switch and video games on desktop flash laptops and smartphones. The input device used for games, the game controller, varies across platforms. Game controllers include game pads, joysticks, mouse devices, keyboards, the touch screens of mobile devices, or even a person's body, using a Kinect sensor. Players view the game on a display device such as a television or computer monitor or sometimes on virtual reality head-mounted display goggles. There are often game sound effects, music and voice actor lines which come from loudspeakers or headphones. Some games in the 2000s include haptic, vibration-creating effects, forced feedback peripherals and virtual reality headsets. In the 2010s, the commercial importance of the video game industry is increasing. The emerging Asian markets and mobile games on smartphones in particular are driving the growth of the industry. As of 2015, video games generated sales of $74 billion annually worldwide, and were the third-largest segment in the U.S. entertainment market. Broadcast and cable TV


Hey guys, it's Nate, AKA The Foot Accountant. Welcome back to the channel. We're making a video today about the best investments for the upcoming promotion of Black Friday with a lot of panic happening on the market already. I wanna sit down and take an early look at what some of the best buys could be this year in FIFA 21 Ultimate Team as we head into the Black Friday promo. Now, whether you're looking to buy a team or just invest in cards to make profit after Black Friday when the market goes up, we're gonna talk through some things today with gold cards, icons, out-of-pack specials, and SBC fodder that will help you make some more informed decisions and especially maybe help you formulate a game plan as we head into that time period and how you can make some coins during this time. We also know, or we obviously know that the market is down a lot already. We have a lot of gold cards that are down in price, a lot of very meta items, a lot of out-of-packs cards are down in price, and I'm gonna talk about some of these cards today as well as just cover some general investments of things that always go up after Black Friday because one, the biggest thing about Black Friday is so many coins are put onto the game. They're put onto the market from the lightning rounds, from the pack supply, and all that sort of stuff. That's one of the biggest things that we do see from the Black Friday time period. So, let's head over to football and look at some prices from last year, from last year. I'm gonna start with actually out-of-packs cards because this is my favorite investment during the Black Friday timeframe. This is out-of-packs cards, whether it be specials or informs. I just wanna show you some of the movements that happened last year with some of the cards and how to find cards that you'll be able to make a lot of coins off of this year and why some of these cards went up last year. Now, the Scream team last year was very rare. There was not a lot of them that came out of the packs. They became very rare after they went out of packs, very similar to the Rule Breaker cards of this year. Big fan of Rule Breakers this year, rising after Black Friday, especially the really meta ones, and we'll talk about some of those cards here in a second. But, here's an example of a card that went up after Black Friday, and you can see. You might ask, when's my buy time for some of this stuff, right? The out-of-packs informs, what you're gonna see is a common trend, especially every week this year, on Sunday nights, Saturday nights, and Sunday nights for out-of-packs informed cards, that is like the best time to buy any of those. So, depending on what happens this weekend with the content, we'll have to kinda make that decision then, but as you can see here, Odomenny goes from 2.19 for the weekend, up to 2.50, back down to 2.20 on that Sunday, and then it rises a little bit up to 2.40 throughout the week, and then boom. The Black Friday promotion comes, all the coins get onto the market, and a week later, he's all the way up at 300,000 coins on that next weekend league. So, if you bought this card at 2.20 the week before, Black Friday, you're chilling, right? You made a lot of coins in that card, you could hold that as an investment, or even you could have sold them right here at 2.70, and made a solid bit of profit, and not had to hold as well. So, that's what I wanna show you is some of these out-of-packs cards. Now, which of these out-of-packs cards do the best? Let's take a look at Insignia here. Insignia went for them 835,000 coins the weekend before Black Friday, all the way up to 985, so we went up to almost a million coins. Now, why did Insignia and Odomenny go up the most? These two cards were very, very good, and they were also rare for their position. Insignia was very meta, 520, remember we had all the bannetter, high agility, high balance with the pace, that was the meta last year, also part of the meta this year. And this guy was a rare card out-of-packs, kind of on the more expensive range that people could upgrade to in their teams as they got more coins from Black Friday, and then Odomenny, there were not very many special cards, they were Premier League center backs last year, and that's why this guy went up so much. That's a huge rise for a 200k card, going from 220 to all the way up to 300k. That's a really, really massive rise on a 200,000 coin card. So, we'll talk about in a minute how many, what cards I could see similar to this this year, but just kind of think along those lines, right? A rare card in its position, hyped, meta, and just a card that you commonly see as one of the most popular cards in this game. Those are the cards that get bought up, right? But those are also the cards that get panicked hold for some reason. So, these two cards were great last year, a lot of the Scream cards went up last year, a lot of out-of-packs, Informs went up as well. I looked at Antoine Griezmann's left-wing 90-rated Inform last year. That was one that went up a lot out-of-packs, but I do wanna talk about some cards that do not go up out-of-packs, and those are Informs and out-of-packs specials that get into the best-of team of the week, and those are cards that they put in packs last year. They've done it for the past two years. Could they do it this year? Yes. Could they also include rule-breakers in this? It's a possibility. Instead of best-of team of the week, they could do something that's just like best-of FIFA 21, and not only put team of the weeks in packs, but they could also put rule-breakers and other special cards back in packs, maybe even wrote to the finals. That would be a bit scary, but for now, we're assuming that it's just going to be best-of team of the week. But take a look at this. If you have any cards that are considered, that could be possibly getting in best-of team of the week, this is the kind of drop-off that you can see. Kevin De Bruyne from 640,000 coins in early November drops all the way down. On the date of Black Friday, he drops down to 400K, and after that, he continues to landslide from all the supply that happened. This happened till Ben Yetter's informed last year as well, and just taken a quick screen through some of the team of the weeks. What cards would I expect to get in best-of team of the week this year? Ben Yetter could get it again, possibly Lewandowski. You know, maybe a guy like Sergio Ramos gets in, they could put in a Kyle Walker, if I'm being completely honest. A Marcus Rashford, if they wanted to throw in rule-breakers, maybe Kane, Costa, other informs that could get in, possibly Benzema. Of course, Messi, and this 89-rated Bruno Fernandez could get in the best-of team of the week. Now, this team of the week, we have Mane, Kante, Insigne. So there's a lot more higher tier informs that have now been released the past two weeks, honestly, with Messi, Bruno, Mane, Kante, Insigne. Those are all cards that could get in best-of team of the week if EA decided to do that again. So what I would expect is those card prices are probably dropping until Black Friday, until we figure out if those cards do get in best-of-team of the week or not. But again, out-of-pack special cards are my number one favorite investment during the Black Friday time period, just because of the lack of supply that they have, and people get more coins, so they go out, and maybe somebody who was rocking like Gold, Benjamin, Mendy before, or like Gold, Rusillian, now packs somebody during Black Friday with their, you know, putting on FIFA points with lightning rounds, and now they can afford a guy like Kamara. So guys that I would look to buy into would be the guys that are the most hyped, right? Think about these rule breakers' cards that are very rare. Think about cards that are very, very hyped up at price. This Llorente, right? Has been a FIFA favorite since the beginning of the year. He was 356,000 coins. Now I know he had an Inform that came out that dropped his price. He went down to 260 after that came out. Now he's down to 210, right? If this guy is like under 200,000 coins or even close to 200K again this weekend, that is like a screaming buy for me. Honestly, all these rule breakers should be good buys. If you want to get yourself a Harry Kane, I am contributing and kind of comparing this card a lot to this Insignia card from last year is what I would say. They're very similar in terms of rating and just a high tier striker. Insignia went down a little bit right before Black Friday and then boomed up. And this Harry Kane card is like super rare and has super high amount of hype in this game. So that would be a card. If you can get him in like one, one lows, maybe out of this weekend league sell-off or at some point this weekend, that'd be a great time to get in some of that. I'm honestly eyeing Andre and Kamara just because of how many games play these guys have. We do this all the time on the Twitch livestream, right? Link in the description by the way. We always check to see, we call it a hype check, right? We look at the amount of games played that these cards have. Like this is by non-hold is a very, very popular card. 191,000 games played. There's really not many other special cards that are left-backs in their Premier League. Now, this Jimenez, 300,000 games played, is a very hyped up card. This Van Onhals is very rare though. Just look at a lot of these cards. We call it a hype check, right? We look through how many games played they have to share a 305,000 games played. Marco Royce, how many, 100,000 games played. But he's a very rare card. DeMaria, there's a lack of right wings in this game. 170,000. So looking through a lot of these so far, Jimenez looks like a pretty good investment to me. What about Quadrado? 259, so looking through these teams and looking and see which cards have the most games played, if you can kind of see how we're looking at that up here on the top. That's where I'm finding that right here. That's a great way to kind of gauge the hype on an out-of-packs inform card. And you can do this with Team of the Weeks as well. One guy that I remember flipping last year was Inform Ricardo Perea and Inform Theo Hernandez outside full-backs that were very popular in this game. Couple cards that I might keep my eyes on from Team of the Weeks, right? This Team of the Week 3 is really rare. Ramos, Partay, Firmino, Walker, if he doesn't get into best of Team of the Week, I'd keep an eye on those. Team of the Week 1, also very rare. Jamie Vardy is a Premier League English striker. Oop Makano with the Bundesliga and French links would be a good one. Of course, Alan St. Maximon, even Theo Hernandez this year. Holland could be a good one as well. So just a lot of these Team of the Week cards are gonna be great investments, especially on the mid-tier. Kimmich could be one that would be spectacular. Zaha, five star of skills. Valverde, this is a very OP Inform. This guy was over 300,000 coins. He's now down to 250, 260, and that would be the sort of investments that I feel the most comfortable in this year. And the out-of-packs Informs are my favorite. That's why I spent the most time talking about those today. If you're making a pure investment, right?  Out-of-packs cards are your number one investment there. And if you're gonna add them to your team, that's a bonus, right? You're buying a card, putting your team maybe for a week or two, and then selling before we get into foot mis, and all of that. But that's enough about out-of-packs Informs. I would also throw Road to the Finals in that same scenario. You can see a guy like Kante went up a little bit last year, went down the week before Black Friday, and then of course, boomed up that next week with Champions League games happening, and then of course the upgrades happening in early December. So keep a close eye on these Road to the Final cards if there is panic selling that comes this next weekend. Keep an eye on those as well, because these are very hyped up cards. They're up already in price a little bit. Gareseman's up 50K. You know these guys are up. Just watch the panic selling this weekend because these guys could be great investments as well. But let's talk about some gold cards and then icons as well and SBC fodder.  Now I talked about this last week. I think Mbappe, as we talked about before, is at a very viable price right now just the amount of hype that this card has this year. He is very, very overpowered. This guy's down over 150,000 coins. I think he's gonna explode after Black Friday, but when is gonna be the absolute best time to buy? We've talked about it's so hard to time and so hard to figure out when is the absolute, absolute best time to buy? So I think you're gonna spend way too much time trying to figure that out for either Mbappe or Mbappe or any of these really meta cards. You're gonna spend way too much time trying to figure out that best time to buy. So this weekend after Weekend Link sell off or if there's a lot of panic on Friday, Saturday with icon SBCs possibly coming out. Take a look at these cards, right? Take a look at these guys and it might be a time where you buy these for your team to watch them go up after Black Friday. That's kind of my only gold card investment. Honestly, it would be like an Mbappe, Neymar, Cristiano Ronaldo, some of the other meta golds, right? Like a Paul Pugba from last year. So he was down the week before Black Friday, of course, right here, 250,000 coins Xbox, 289,000 on the PlayStation. And then two weeks later, he's back up to over 300K. The gold cards just don't have the return on the investment that the informs and the out-of-packs cards and some of the icons do, just because they're still in packs and their pack weight is a lot higher than some of those cards. And you have to be careful with cards. They're gonna get packed a lot that maybe aren't the most tight because check this out, Leroy Sane, right? Week before Black Friday, he's 120K. Black Friday comes. He goes back down. He goes all the way down to 100,000 coins, pops up a bit and then crashes even more into foot miss. But some of these cards that are even 85, 86, 87 rated are just gonna get supplied a lot. And if they're not a super duper meta card that a lot of people like to have in their teams, this year, I would classify like Kante as super meta. Sun, Ratchford for sure. Joe Gomez, Ferland, Mendy, Demo, Werner, Mane.  I would mostly expect that kind of card to go down. Now let's talk about a guy like Ferland Mendy for a second. A lot of you guys want this guy or Joe Gomez for your team and you're scared, right? Cause they're 83 rated. What's gonna happen is so many people want this card for their team. They're really not that packable. There's so many packs open. So it's like, what do you do with any of these cards? In my opinion, what you could do is just manage and watch the sell off again as we head out of this weekend because Ferland Mendy was 100 and what? 40,000 coins. He dropped down to 100K, went back up to 117 and is now down to 109. This is still gonna be the best left back in the game. In my opinion, I think if you wanna take the safe route, you could wait to buy this card until the lighting rounds on that Friday of Black Friday, if you wanted to. That might be a good shout there. Same thing with Joe Gomez, waiting for the lighting rounds on these cards because you might see just a huge amount of supply in the first hour to two hours and then the card going up from there. I don't think I wanna risk it with the pack weight. If you do wanna buy beforehand, then we can resell off this weekend, could work for you as well. But that's just something to consider with some of these really meta cards that are low rated that still have a lot of hype. So just kinda think about that there. That's kind of like the toughest situation out of Black Friday, like those low rated gold cards. Is the supply gonna overwhelm the demand?  Now, let's talk about icons really quick as well. I'm gonna talk about Eusebio, right? A really high tier. If you're like a pro player watching this video or you've got gobs of coins, buying some of these icons in the panic this Friday because we're supposed to get, I think, icon SBCs is the rumor. This Friday could be icon SBCs. So just watch out if there's any panic on babies, middles, icons that are in packs right now. Keep an eye on that panic and the weakening sell off that comes after that this weekend because as you can see, a guy like Eusebio was 4.8 million coins. He rose to 5.3 million coins as one of the most meta icons in this game. And then some sneaky ones, right? This is baby Mateus, right? A lot of people use this guy in like a five back formation and then play him as a midfielder in game. He went from 8.90 all the way up to 1.1 mil two weeks after Black Friday. So there's a lot of middle and base icons that are gonna rise up a bunch. Think about the new icons like Pushkas, like Etoe, like Fernando Torres. Now, of course, if we get an icon SBC for one of these that might kind of change their value a little bit. But just think about some of these cards that are very OP, very meta that people just want to use or try out as a new icon in this game. Those would be some of the ones that I would look at or staple icons, right? Like Baby Desai as in a French center back icon, 900K. This would be a card that I would keep my eye on as well. If there's any panic selling this next week, this would be the type of guy that I would expect to rebound. Carlos Alberto in there as well. Just the meta icons that are very good value that people like to have in their teams. And one thing you can do too, if it's an icon that's been in the game for a while, like let's say mid-ride card. You're like, yo, I want mid-ride card for my team. Is this guy gonna rise a lot after Black Friday? I would say he's probably gonna rise regardless, but is it a lot? Is your question, go back to last year, right? Go back to foot bin and let's search up right card. Let's look up right card really fast, right? It's a position change. That's one thing about some of these icons that are really good as well. Let's go Generations FIFA 2088 right card. And let's see what happened last year because I'm kind of curious on this item. So Black Friday starts right about here. He's 675k, the week in the sell-off before Black Friday. He goes all the way up to 770. So we went up 100,000 coins in a span of two weeks after Black Friday. So that's the kind of stuff that I would look at in terms of the icon market. Icons are gonna be the cards that really rise the most. If you find the right ones that people really want for their teams. Icons, probably some of the rule breakers, some of the road to the finals are really gonna boom because people are gonna have way more coins and they're gonna be okay spending that high amount of value, coin value for guys that are live items that are very expensive on the game. So Soco would be somebody I would expect to go up a lot after rewards today.  Same with Hazard, right? But people will pay for those high tier cards in this time period. Last thing I wanna talk about is SBC Fodder. All right, so SBC Fodder right now before rewards is actually getting panic sold a little bit. Fodder's down. But I'm not here to talk about that per se. I'm here to talk about during the Black Friday timeframe what we had last year on the game is we had a lot of SBCs that came out day one of Black Friday and with all the packs applied that people were expecting, I don't know if you remember this or not, but there were two new SBCs that came out on Black Friday. There was a flashback. I think it was a flashback Battletellie and there was a player moments Morales which is a very good value SBC that a lot of people went out and did. But there was also the base icon repeatable upgrade and what happened was people stopped doing that upgrade SBC two or three days before because they thought, hey, Fodder is gonna go cheap during the first couple hours of Black Friday.  But what happened was people just started buying 85, 86, 87 rated cards because of those new SBCs coming out, there was like double demand and the 85, 86 cards shot up after like at the start of Black Friday when all these packs are coming on the market, 85, 86 is shot up in price. I can show you the graphs from last year because people went out to dupe the new Morales, the Battletellie and the icon SBC, the repeatable base icon. So actually Fodder went up. Then it dipped down like a little bit after that because like people who had invested started selling and all of that kind of stopped because people realized, hey, these prices are too inflated and then it went back up into the nighttime. So just SBC Fodder is honestly gonna be a great way to trade on the actual date of Black Friday. So if you're looking in terms of how do you wanna make coins?  Again, a lot of the buy time I'm looking for out of packs cards for icons is gonna be this weekend. I know we've already had cards that have dropped really low but you've seen them rebound a little bit and that can kind of give you a little bit of sense of security that, hey, if it's rebounded this week, if a card is rebounded this week, that will tell you that it's a very meta card. A lot of people want to use that item in this game and that should tell you that it should be rising and be a high riser after Black Friday. So that is one kind of nice thing. And if you've seen a card bounce up this week that you can kind of put in the back of your mind. That's why I've been watching some of the rule breakers this week, like Mertens has been fluctuating from around 500K to like 520. Whoa, what is that? Huh, Mertens. Wait, what? What am I seeing? Did I just see this with my own eyes? A rule breaker Mertens for 346,000 coins. The dude goes for 500K. Let's freaking go. What is that dude? That was literally on the market for like 10 seconds as well. This is PlayStation 4. Anyways, I'm gonna send it to my transfer list and collect my cheeky 200K. There we go. Anyways, boys, watch out for the panic selling this weekend with the sell off from the good ol' weakening sell off and any panic that we do see with icons. That just completely threw me off the tail end of this video, boys, I'll be honest. That sale completely, or that snipe completely threw me off there. But anyways, boys, that's what I'm thinking about the best Black Friday investments that you can make. I love the Out of Pack special cards because that's what people like to do to buy and to upgrade their teams after Black Friday and you're gonna see rises right away on that Friday, Saturday night. So if you do have any questions, drop them down below in the comments. I know that's a lot to absorb in this video. There's gonna be more videos kind of zeroing in on maybe some sub-sectors of this video. We'll look at icons, special cards, gold cards next week after the weekend, a little bit, especially on the Saturday night, Sunday night timeframe. So stick around for those videos as well. But I wanted to get this one out early to you guys today just to talk about the, just kind of the mindset and get your minds ready so that you can prepare for this upcoming weekend where you might see some low prices. So if you enjoyed this video, smash your thumbs up on it, comment down below if you have any questions and subscribe to the channel for new. It's been Nathan Foot Accountant. Catch you guys later. Peace out.


Oh my God, Mcnot, it's gonna arcade! This is it! It's seeing us! Okay! Oh my God. Guys, welcome to fish feed and grow. There has been a new update. They've added like cool Christmas skins and the, I think there's loads of other new stuff too. So we've got a river Christmas, aha, there it is! We need to get over there guys. That's the Christmas tree! Oh no, that's a dead end. Oh! Ha ha ha ha! It died, died! No! Oh, yes, look, this is the current. Oh, why they've completely changed this? Yeah, this is, okay, so we follow this way. Okay, now we need to get through this without dying. We're still level one, because I'm wanting to speed run this and get to me Christmas presents. Ha ha ha! Like how we, oh, gingerbread cookies! Come here! There's another one. Yay! Gingerbread man everywhere, okay. Oh, it's picking up pace. It's picking up pace. And we're getting back towards it. Oh, give me gingerbread! Oh! Ha ha ha ha! God! Oh, okay. Oh, oh God, it's for, oh God. Help! Help! Ha ha ha! I'm here! Where the hell's the Christmas tree before I get eaten? There it is! Yes! Oh! Yeah! That's the one I'm wanting, guys. Ha ha ha ha! Okay, what else is there? I'm gonna eat the present. We've got the shark. I think we have that one. Yeah, I think we've got that one. I think the one, because this is all the previous Christmas presents. I could be wrong. Yeah, there's the skeleton Bebos. We've got that one. We've got the eel. Yay! Oh no! Ha ha ha ha! Bug bows! What's the difference, you might ask? It has a five-on steering. Yeah, it's basically good at turning and it has faster speed. Ha ha ha! I did! Ah! Look at this! Ha ha ha! I love this! This is the best thing ever. This is so good. I love it so much. Okay, ha ha ha!  Okay, guys, we need to become a huge little poppers. That's what we need to do. Blah blah blah! Oh my God, that's terrifying. Ha ha ha! We're gonna get him. Dolphin fish?    I killed him. Come on, Pug. You got the- Oh! He attacked my minnows! He attacked my everything! Okay, I need to get this to the surface. Eat it. And then, and then, and then get some health. Quickly, quickly, come on, Mr. Pug. Ah!  Oh! Dammit! I should have tried to wait. I should have tried to wait. Dammit! Yes! Level two! It's the biggest truth ever. Oh, he's back. He's not eating the turtles, is he? Okay, the turtles. I don't think the turtles go for me. So I think I'm okay. I think if I just keep eating starfish, we'll be good. There we go. Nom, nom, nom, nom. Okay, I don't know what he's doing. Hello! He's stuck, apparently. I wonder if I could kill a turtle. Oh, oh, 2.6 damage! Get him, Mr. Pug! Get him! Don't let him get away. We've got fast biting here. And 2.6 is a lot of damage, actually. Especially when they've got armor. Oh, come on, we got this. We can get a turtle, guys. Oh, we're on our road to victory.  No! Don't get away. Just get him, 2.6. Like, look, look, that's like 10 damage. I wish there was a way to show like how much health they had left. Or, like, some sort of damage indicator. That would be good. Oh! What's this? We got him. Okay, time to get to the surface. I don't like how the pug gets red eyes. Yes! We're getting even more roses. That's so good. Oh, look like how his eyes are sort of going a bit funny. I've reached an awkward stage. I'm too small for it to be cute.  Another one! They can't seem to get these sea urchins. Oh, he's actually scared of me. Oh, bless him, he got stuck. There we go, 3.5, 3.6 this time. Yeah, we're doomed. An extra 50% damage from the last one, each bite this time. In which case, it might take a little bit longer. Oh, there we go. I got him, I got him. I don't know what that was, but it made a horrible noise. Unless I can just... Who's tickle? Who give you tickle, yes. There we go. Yum, yum, yum, yum. Once I saw this, I just couldn't pass up the opportunity to play as a punk. Level 7! Look at us go now.  Oh, no, we do, never mind. Oh, oh, do we have enough to take on the mahi-mahi? Oh, God, he's coming. Oh, God, he's coming. Oh, he a coming. Oh, he a coming. Look at that, and the music changes when we... Yep, here we go, here we go. This is it, this is it. Five damage, seven damage. Oh, God, oh, God, I don't know. Seven, yes. Yes! Yes, you fool! You messed with the wrong punk. Yes. Oh, God.  Nope, doesn't want to go. Doesn't want to go. Oh, there we go. Did a roly-poly. Oh, I hit the starfish hole. Oh, my God. You gave me a shock there. Now it's time.   Four, five, six damage. Ho, ho, ho. Now the problem with the Bebos is that they do a lot of damage. Well, you know, they do a lot. They do a medium amount of damage fairly quick. But the problem with them is their health. Their health is so minuscule that even at like level 100, you need to be careful.  Ah! I'm gonna get you.  I'm gonna get you. Ah! Nope. No! Oh, my God. Where did he? Whoa. Wait, what? I can't, yeah, look at him. You can see him up there. Damn it, there's two turtles up there. Cowards! We got a weak one. We got a straggler. Come on, we can grab him. We can grab him. Pug shock! Ah! We're going to fall in. Yeah! The point that takes his victim.  Yes! We got him. Oh, that was so quick. Okay, guys, we're gonna have to go into open waters. They don't even seem to be scared of me. I'm just eating them all. Come on, then. Keep appearing in me, gob. Yes, yes. More, please. More, more. Look at that. Pug makes fish species extinct. Yeah! Yay! First to speed! Damn it, he's too fast.  Come on, yes! There we go, got him. Got him. Okay, please don't let that be a megalodon or something to eat me. I wouldn't like that. Oh, 16 damage now. Oh yeah, we've done this. We've done this. Easy. Look at that! Oh, God, his eyes!  I don't ever want to go this way. You know what I'm gonna do, guys? I think I'm too big for a whale shark to eat, so I'm gonna go see the whale sharks. Oh, is that as a fact in a San Plesiosaurus? It is, it is. Oh, that's dangerous, man. They're really dangerous. I need to see my friendly whale sharks. Hopefully they can't just eat me in one bite though. Not those. Those are dangerous and I don't like those. Yeah, come here. He's just doing circles. There we go. Okay, this is good. Oh, look, he's got no armor. Oh, yeah! 37 damage! Oh, wait, what? He hit me! He hit me again! Stop it! Stop doing that! The music's kicked in! Oh, we've killed him. Oh, I can eat the big chunks. I can eat the big chunks, 21! 22! 25! Oh, my God. He just got massive. Oh, guys. Oh, this is gonna be insane. Oh, the Latin fish is, yep, he's running. I think, let's hunt the hunter. Oh, he does a lot of damage. He did a lot of damage. Okay, let me play it on. Oh, he's turning. He's turning. He's trying it. 90, oh, 100! Oh, God! Oh, dude! Oh, we just killed him. Oh, that was so close, guys. 200, 200, 200, 200, yes! Oh, it's a feeding frenzy! Oh, God, guys. Guys, this is not good. This is not good. This is not good. Okay, we need to go. We need to go. Oh, God! Oh, my God. That was intense. That was intense. We did it, though. You see what I mean? Like, we do a lot of damage, but we've got such little hell. And they just all swarmed in. Wow! Like, we can do hundreds of damage, but you need a little bit of a warm-up. And when you've only got like 1,000 health when things do hundreds of damage, it's not very good. Like, I'm pretty sure the Mosasaur does 3,000 damage. So, we're nowhere near taking on the Mosasaur. Like, if we could get a good angle on them, we probably could. But one bite, we're dead. We can't take on the Mosasaur. Not yet. We must take on a whale shell who just seems to go around in circles.  I'm so big! Where'd he go? Is there more? Yes, yes, too. Yeah, I need to kill both of them at the same time, then. Oh! That was lucky. They both spawned back. Yeah, 48! We just doubled our health, guys. Look, oh, look at all these orcas. Oh, what are they chasing down? They're chasing down a narwhal. Bless them. Okay, we need to kill them. That's terrifying. Well, we can't take that on. Surely, we can't take that on. That'd be nuts. Freaky nuts, that would be. Think you can hide in a log? No, I have the suction of a thousand black holes. I love how they kind of incorporate the Jaws theme tune into it, the dud. Oh, that's him dead. Oh, that's definitely you dead. Okay, pop goes you, 51. Pop goes you, 53. Look at all these fish. Don't stand a chance. Yum-yums. I love those little jowls. A whole show of the fish.  Oh, yes. There were big sephactinus over here, but I am wary that there is a megalodon as well, because you're a good boy, aren't you? Look at that. Oh my God, could you imagine if you were on a cruise ship or something, and then you just saw that? Terrifying. I'm feeling a little bit more confident now. I'm feeling a little, I've got 3,600 health. What is that? It's like a lone fish up here. What are you? Are you a dory? Oh, it is a dory.  What is it doing just out here in the middle of nowhere? They should have added the real sound effect of pugs. Just. Oh, oh, oh, I don't know. Should I? It might not even be my decision anymore. I think megalodons made it for me. Megalodons made it for me. Go, go, go. Go, go, go. Oh my God, megalodons got a regain. This is it. He's seeing us. Oh, okay.  Stay back. Look at the light glow down as well. Eh, I'm terrified. No. Leave us alone. Oh, he's running. He's actually scared of me. Look at that, how tiny he is. Look at him. The tiny little mosasaur. Dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun. He's got armor as well, apparently. Oh, I don't know how much damage I do, like, because that's... Oh!  Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha. Ben-as! Come here, you. Come on. Yeah. Oh, that looks so cool. Where's he's eating my ang-yang? There we go. So, is this where the megalodon now spawns? Or is he just over here? Okay, what else is over here? The music's got intense. Yeah, that's right. They never fixed the black-tip reef shark. He always spawns here. You see him there at the bottom right? No! You can just stay here for ages and keep on eating, because the megalodon just has an aggression that kills everything. The mosasaur kind of knows its place. One, two, three, four, five. No! Oh, look at the dunkelostius. No! Ha, ha, ha. He's like, sweet, I found him. No! Okay, guys. Now, the only one that I can almost guarantee will always be here is the sperm whale. He never moves. He always stays in the Antarctic. That looks like that might be him. Oh, it is. Oh, it's a narwhal. No narwhal! Get out of there! He's got, oh, that's a big narwhal. Sperm whale, no. Are you aggressive? Of course you are. And he's dead. Oh, this is so haunting. Those sounds. Narwhal, narwhal. Oh, they're going to eat him. Are they going to eat the sperm whale? Oh, they so should. There he is. He's spawned back in. He's spawned back in. No, you don't, son. Ah, gunk. Ah, get off. Ha, ha, ha. Oh yeah? You think that's scary? Oh, they're kind of fighting over it, but they don't really know what to do. This narwhal might be able to do it. Oh, the narwhal. Ow, look at them go. Oh, they're getting big. Oh, look at him over there, he's massive. Okay, I don't know why you're making like a proper rave of noises. It's Shamu. Oh, you just kissed me. Oh, it's adorable. I think the creators went a bit crazy with your sound effects though. They had a proper conversation with themself. The hawker's after the seal. He's after the seal. Oh, they're eating it. Got him. Ha, off he goes. Whee. Ha, ha, ha. I just want to eat him whole. Is that too much to ask? Ah! Oh, ah! Me! Oh, he's back. He's back. Go on. No, don't go for me. Did you go for me? Really eat him.  I even like explode him. Whoa! Yeah, I think that the hawker is just like found a spot and like they get to a certain level in this game where they just decide, yeah, I'm not hungry anymore. Pyo! Pyo! I can't get to him. I can't reach him. Oh, there's too much food in the way. Ah! Oh, he's swimming away. You think you can out swim me? I was born in the sea. Molded by it. Okay, there we go. It's about time we leveled up, guys. About time we ate all of this.  Look at his face.  I don't know how big I have to be. Look, you're tiny now. I do 10,000 damage in one bite. Oh, I don't like your mouth. Ah! I can push, look. I can push him completely out of the water. Okay, ready, guys? Well, guys, we did it. The biggest pug in the world. Well, that was loads of fun. And there's only one thing left to do. Oh, yes. That's all that was inside me. But there you have it, guys. I wanna see what happened to the huge orca that we had. Did I accidentally eat it? And there we have it. Off she goes to swim into the great Dunno. And if you enjoyed today's video, guys, leave a like and until next time, I'll see you with more pug madness. Well, probably not, but something else. Bye.


The book of Jonah is a narrative about human interactions with God's judgment and redemption, and the futility of trying to resist either. Through Jonah's experience, we learn that God passes judgment and offers forgiveness through His will. Humans have choices because God gives them to us, not because we have a say in the matter. It's a reminder that submitting to God can sometimes put us outside our comfort zone, but it is inevitable for both those of us who want to obey and those who don't.


At a school historically known for its left-leaning standpoint, UC Berkeley says it strives to embrace all political perspectives. Every year, Cal dedicates an event to the Cal Conservative Society versus Cal Democrats' debate. We're here today to see a model of civil argumentation between two polarized parties in the Cal community. The Berkeley Conservative Society initiated the creation of this annual debate with the Cal Democrats a year ago. Chancellor Christ of UC Berkeley attended the event both years. How do you lead students to embrace free speech and embrace their diversity? I am so impressed and I admire so much the efforts of the Cal Republicans and the Cal Democrats to do this series of debates. I think what's really important in our country is to learn how to speak civilly and with respect about issues on which we per-family disagree. After hearing both sides of the argument on taxes, healthcare and minimum wage, we asked President of the Berkeley Conservative Society and the President of the Cal Democrats what their take is on free speech at Cal and how it is encouraged through this event. I think the debate was absolutely a victory for free speech and just civil discourse more broadly. We launched the debate series with the Cal Democrats last year as the Berkeley Conservative Society to heighten discourse and we're just so heartened by the warm reception we've received. Well, I had a lot of fun debating the Berkeley Conservative Society. I think that that was a good exchange of many of the policy issues that we see being debated on the national stage. It was nice to kind of debate them in miniature here at Cal. Amongst other distinguished faculty at the event, Professor of Public Policy Dan Lindheim gave a statement during the opening remarks on the importance of civil argumentation. What I think is necessary for meaningful debates is to bring people together and say, okay, look, what is it we're trying to achieve? We have different points of view, but let's see are there commonalities about what our goals are. This is Nell LeBron for Cal 2E News.


We're talking about global connections and we're talking today about comparative cultures and the effects and the leadership that emerges in comparative culture, quality of leadership in comparative cultures. Comparative politics, comparative political systems actually, let me, let me clarify a little bit. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Okay. You're right. Sometimes a culture can be less than a country and sometimes a culture can be more than a country. But Jay, it's great to reconnect, of course, to continue our ongoing dialogue, offer some perspective, in this case globally from outside of the U.S., but also informed about what's happening in the U.S. and elsewhere. What I wanted to share today was a brief snapshot of what I'm calling the comparative politics of basically coronavirus. What I mean by that is what is it about political systems that might tell us, now, let me begin by broadly saying we can generally identify two broad systems of government, authoritarian regimes, different types, many variations, and democratic regimes of many variations as well. But broadly speaking, right, democracies and non-democracies. Now, within the democracies of the world, we also have a broad difference, often either parliamentary and presidential, for many Europeans tend to be parliamentary systems. But more than that, I think what we see, some good examples are more centralized political systems where it's more cohesive and maybe a country like France or Japan, where it's very tightly controlled and very deeply connected to every part versus federal systems. As you know, here in the U.S. and the United States, we have a federal system that divides power. But we used to, Carlos, it's not clear what we have right now. It's a federal system that's in a mess, of course, and with tendencies towards authoritarianism. But more generally, what we mean by federal is you have a division between the national government in Washington and the states, the subunits. And the federal systems, there are less, but they are usually larger countries like Germany, like Brazil, Canada, and the U.S. and Australia. So you have a very important role for the states or the provinces. And there's a division of power, more clear. That's different from Japan or France, where a very centralized power in the central government. Now, again, it's important to underscore either any of these options. It doesn't tell you enough about how they might respond to this. We have very good examples of successful federal systems like Germany, perhaps, that have responded quite almost like the textbook definition of a response. We have to maybe talk for a moment about Germany. Angela Merkel, of course, the chancellor, she is the leader of the country, the head of state. But she does not have the power to make the individual states like Bavaria or, you know, different regions. They have governors who obviously have considerable power, but she can, as a leader, she can bring them together. She can coordinate. She has been a very clear voice of both reason. She is herself a scientist by training. And so she brings a very much an appreciation of a scientific approach. That may be unique in this sense. And I just want to add a thought here is that she is a good leader. She is a great leader. And the reason they listen to her is not necessarily because they have to, but because she's persuasive and rational. Yes, yes. And so you cannot have, in my view, let me throw this at you, you cannot have a functioning federalism unless you have the people who will establish relationships. If you have a poor leader at the top or poor relationships, such as we have in this country right now, federalism doesn't work very well. That's right. And I think, you know, just to follow on Angela Merkel, as you may recall a few months ago, I mean, we were talking about the end of her days. She was losing a lot of power and credibility. Some of the might be right wing parties are gaining. She's been there a very long time now, frankly, frankly 15 years, and she has been really the leader of Europe. She's the dean of all the heads of state. Now this crisis, I think it's fair to say at this point, it has helped gain her tremendous legitimacy and support, very high credibility. She has managed to be a voice, again, of reason, of calm, and letting the science drive it. And Germany, again, underscores an example where it is a textbook definition of a response to a pandemic. Now, they have to begin with a robust healthcare system already in place. They began very early, a strategy of mass testing, but this key point that we've just made reference, they have a trusted and effective political leadership. They may not agree with her, they may not like her, but she has been able to be a voice of very, you know, commanding a lot of, well, just credibility, but I would go back. Can we start for a moment? Yeah, yeah. I must say, although I have followed her achievements, I haven't followed her style. What is it about her style that makes her trusted? What is it about her, you know, day to day functioning, the way she deals with people, calls them, writes them, talks to them, that makes her so persuasive and so trusted? Do you know enough to say? Well, I can offer some, yes. I mean, she, on one hand, she's a very low key and quiet.  So she has this certain calm demeanor about her. I mean, one thing they obviously don't, you know, if you see her, she walks into the room and she's famous for holding her hands together, but she has this presence about her that is very, I don't know, almost reassuring and it's a combination of she is an expert, she's smart, she's knowledgeable, but she also has a certain, almost like a motherly part of her, you know, very, I wouldn't say warm and friendly, but she's definitely got, and maybe at the end of the day, what she has is an ability to balance her role as a political leader, but also giving a deferring power to the subunits, which are the, you know, they call them London, they are the states. And one example of in the state of Bavaria, the southern part of Germany, they have a leader there who has been quite a law and order, very tough for himself, but he's a paternalistic guy who is extraordinarily popular. And I think his name is Markus Schoder, and he is the Bavarian governor. But just as an example, I mean, she defers to him, so he takes care of the region that he's in, but she brings this, and I think it's partly her expertise. She's got a very scientific approach as a, as a herself. I have three things out of that. Yeah. One is, I guess she's rational, she's scientific, not so emotional. She doesn't have a narcissistic, you know, approach to thing. That's one thing. Two is she respects people in general, respects everyone. I mean, look, look at the respect she gave to the migrants, even at the expense of her own political campaign, that was respect for humanity. Okay. And the third thing, and I've, you know, I've seen this in my life and I'm sure you have in yours. The most successful people are the ones that do not profile you, that talk to you as a human being, a one person, a special person, and they have a special relationship with everyone that's different. That's, that's, that's tailored to that person. That's the ultimate amount of respect if you do that. So I think so. I think those are good points. And here again, she defers to the local authority of the governors. So she, in some ways, as a leader, she sets the broad pattern, the major policy, and she allows them to then implement it and to do it as they see fit. And so the individual governors are quite powerful in Germany. Now, we're seeing it play out in the US, but in a different way, the absence of leadership, the confusion and basically, well, the lack of any national leadership of any federal leadership, we have seen instead, individual governors that have taken up that slack and they've become, you know, more visible, more important. Look at Andrew Cuomo, look at NUSM in California and others. So they have filled a void in a different way. But going back to the political system, again, that alone doesn't explain it. You need leaders that have, of course, effective and credibility of the life. Then you have a contrast, let's say, authoritarian regimes. They have certain benefits to mobilize, you know, resources to control information, but also the other side is they can also be very much suppressing information. And often they don't have full credibility, especially in these days when we have access to more sources of information, it gets harder to control it. So on the one hand, authoritarian systems can be helpful to mobilize this. I think another interesting angle is to look at both Germany, but not just Germany, South Korea, which we've seen as a good example. Again, these are two countries that are products of enlightened post-war American leadership. I mean, after World War Two, the U.S. helped those countries transition to stable democracies over time, you know, a little slower for South Korea. But today they are clearly good examples of countries that have in the past been closely supported and allied by the U.S. Today the U.S. has alienated them and sort of is no longer, they're not looking to the U.S. for leadership, they're doing it on their own. And so it's, you know, just an interesting contrast. A moment on the tragedy of that, you know, in both of those cases, I think that's true. And Japan, too, would have to be in there in that category.  We were really good at, you know, setting up a world order where we respected these other countries and we gave them, you know, on a very charitable basis, may I say, a lot of our ideas it wasn't only intended for control, it was intended to actually benefit them. Sometimes at our expense and we set up a number of governments around the world that are that have incorporated our concepts, our ethics, our morality into the systems. So when you say that Germany is a good system in part, that's due to the time of the Marshall Plan in the early fifties. When you say that Japan and South Korea, the same thing, that's, you know, that's partly at least, at least partly, maybe substantially partly due to what we gave them. And that gave us and until recently gave us a tremendous amount of political capital and influence, you know, because we we were part of the foundation of their system and everybody knew it. Now, when you turn your back, when this president turns his back on them, we are squandering that capital and not only temporarily but permanently. We're turning our back on the history of it and we're losing, you know, enormous leverage that we have had. That's just my comment on what you said. No, absolutely.  The older generation who remember the Cold War, who remember the, you know, understand the history of the post war, where the US helped those countries establish their variations of liberal democracy. They're obviously they've tailored them to their own particularities. But today we have a reality where in the absence of any American leadership, what you have in the world is a sadness and a disbelief, especially from Europe. They are, I mean, in shock and disbelief that there is a total absence of American leadership and they're no longer looking to the US. It's clear that they have decided and make, you know, basically realize they have to look to themselves and look to others. And if you look at it from other places in the developing world, in Africa and Latin America, increasingly they are looking to China as the new global power that is, you know, carrying out its own soft power. Now, we can see it as we do in the US, sometimes more cynically. It's an authoritarian regime. It's not democratic as we think of it. But the reality is that they are winning. They are winning the hearts and minds of particularly many in the developing world, both because as we speak now, they are bringing supplies and providing support to some of these places. I think I shared with you before in Mexico, for example, they already received a number of shipments of medical equipment from China. The US has kind of bungled it and trumped, rather than doing it as a soft power or as a humanitarian gesture, for him, it's all about transactions and maybe squeezing Mexico for other things and trying to sell them at a cost, medical equipment that, ironically, is sometimes manufactured in Mexico and resold to the Mexican government at the US profit. Which makes it would make people hate him. And one big question I want to pose to you, and this is a hard one, I think, is that people in other countries judge us or judge each other, the other countries by the quality of the leader. So if you say after three and a half, almost four years of Trump to go to somebody and say a country in Europe, you say, what do you think of the United States? And they say, he's a buffoon. And therefore, the country is a buffoon because they elected him. Whatever their system is, they let him stay there. He represents them and the action he takes is on their behalf. So you can say that the guy in the street, you know, in any major city, take Honolulu, you know, who is a good person, who thinks globally, who wants to care for everybody in the world, who has that the Marshall Plan kind of mentality. You know, that may not matter so much anymore when you have a jerk running the country who has alienated all of Europe, you know, and they cannot feel the same way about the US as they used to, even though they may know on an intellectual level that you and me, we care about the world. You and me are, you know, global, global people and we want everyone to do well. But they don't see the country that way anymore. Am I right about this? Well, yeah, there's a lot of that. Now, I would add to that, though, for people who have a contact and know, let's say, Americans or who have traveled or interacted, often they are able to distinguish a difference between that leader. But that's not the reality for most people. For many, they just have the image of this leader defining the nation. And so if all they see is Trump and policies that are, you know, very antagonistic or confrontational, they will have an image of the US that reflects that, of course. But what I go back to is that those who maybe know the country better, who have come to study, who have traveled or who have American friends, often they can distinguish a little bit better. I guess that's true of all of us. You know, people are often maybe bigots or races because they don't really know other people from different cultures, you know, even in our own, you know, immediate environment. Until you actually break that down on a human to human level, people to people level, you often will paint and make generalizations. But I think it's fair to say that with Trump, yeah, he has given a very bad image to the US. The other is that it's a puzzle and me as an educator to try to explain how does somebody who is so unpopular and who has policies that are very, very aggressive, how does he continue to have support from a pretty substantial percentage of the population? It's not that easy. I mean, you know, it's a it's a puzzle that you have to explain in many different ways, but that is also a remarkable puzzle for many people. How can they continue to support him when he is doing policies that are hurting different people or just very mean in their I can't. I can't explain that. I try as you know, I try to explain that why there's so many people that went 40 percent plus in the country enough, maybe even get reelected who still support him no matter what the Michigan is and I do not. I cannot. I come up with possibilities. I come up with a combination of possibilities, but I still cannot accept the explanation that I give myself. Yeah. And what's worse about it is I do not. I cannot draw a line from where we are now to where we're going to be. It's completely unknown. What's going to happen? That's right. It's right. And again, you know, some of it is reflected in the polarization where we have a population that is looking at different information. People who we know, let's say, are told from from data and research that if their only source of information is Fox News, they are going to be skeptical of this whole virus thing. They're the people who are out there now protesting to open the economy. They don't care. Well, you don't care about the virus, but guess what? Your actions are going to affect me and my family and my friends. And so unless you have good information, I think increasingly we have a world where people are just going to hear what reinforces their biases. We don't have a world as you can recall, you know, a generation ago where most of us looked at the same information. We had fewer sources, but there was a common, I don't know, a common narrative that we could all evaluate today. We're so divided in what we read and or even if we do, because a lot of people are simply not particularly well informed. And I mean, that's a sad reality, too. I think, as you know, I educate a lot of different people, whether they're Mexican elites or in Europe, when I lecture there. And it is astonishing the level of, you know, limited history and knowledge of the world that Americans have, even basic geography so that there's often a relative ignorance. It's sad to say, and it's a sensitive topic to say that, you know, the average American is not particularly informed about the world. No, that reminds me of Jay Leno used to call it Jaywalking. Yes, show, and he would approach people in the street and it would ask him really fundamental questions like who's the vice president? Today, it's Jimmy Kimmel, one of the comedians of the late shows who does the same thing. You just go out on the street and ask people to identify or find Russia on a map or anything like that. It's quite sad, I think. We don't have basic knowledge of civics, of culture, of history.  And, you know.  You know, you say political system, but a political system has many ramifications. It's not just the Constitution or the lack. It's not just the Congress or a lack. It's not just the president or the courts. It's more than that. A political system is some of the some of the institutions that the political system has spawned or protects or doesn't protect. One of them would be the media. How is the media functioning in one of these comparative systems?   So where does that fit, Carlos? Because does it play out in the countries that we're comparing today? Oh, absolutely. And maybe very oversimplified, but broadly speaking, countries that are more open and democratic will tend to have a more open press. They have a variety of opinions. And the role of the media is one of a effective watchdog. It holds the government accountable. When you don't have that, when you have the tendency towards authoritarian or autocratic leaders, you get to have more of this control of information. So when we talk about Trump eroding some of the democratic norms and values, his attacks on the media are precisely that. Suddenly, he repeats and calls into question media. And then by repeating it, people began to have skepticism about it. And not only that, by attacking the media, again, it's not giving it its role. And so the media is a critical component of any democratic open society. And it's one that both the government needs to learn how to serve and the government needs it, but it needs it to help explain its policies, to help convey its message. When you have antagonism as we have today in the U.S., suddenly it erodes trust and confidence both in the government, but also in the media. So we all lose. And that, again, in autocratic authoritarian systems, the media is clearly co-opted or captured or otherwise controlled and suppressed by government. And that is clearly anti-democratic. Well, let me offer an analysis that you and I can make. Let's take one country that we know has done pretty well in coronavirus. I don't know what country you would pick. South Korea, that's what I said. Okay, and then take one that hasn't done all that well. And that would be the U.S. We've done worse than really any major country. And so what I want to ask you is, does that reflect the quality of the systems? The political systems in those places, is it true to your model of a better political system can deal with a crisis in a better way than a political system, which is dysfunctional, can deal with a crisis? You know, I want to say a quick answer to that is that it's not enough. The political system is important and helps us understand how it works, but it's not sufficient because if you have two countries with the same system, one has very weak and poor leadership, it's going to flounder, it's going to fail. And yet when we look at the success stories, it is a combination of the system. Let's say South Korea, it is today a liberal democracy, one that the U.S. helped to nurture and support. But there are other elements, and this is where it gets more controversial. For some people, for example, culture that we mentioned at the beginning. For some, it's difficult to measure. It doesn't explain enough. And yet the reality is that in a lot of East Asian societies, you have a culture that is more differential to authority. People are more likely to obey the rules and when the government says we're doing this, they don't question it. Obviously, the U.S. has a long tradition of dissent and protest, and that today is working in the ugly way against it. But it's also in response to the government that is floundering mixed messages, the president announces this policy, and then he supports the criticism of that same policy, you have mixed signals. So I just, I think I want to say that the political system alone is not sufficient to tell us whether a country is going to manage or not. Authoritarian systems can be very good, but so can democratic. Look at New Zealand. Again, another of these small states, but a very effective leader, all the sort of all the right things put together. And maybe before I forget, I think we've talked about political systems, but something that is clearly remarkable now that we have seen is the very strong role of female world leaders. Some of the places where we have seen the best responses are, whether it's Germany with Angela Merkel, the Prime Minister of New Zealand, and basically these are women who are voices of reason, who are, you know, reason in the midst of chaos. And this is in sharp contrast to the bombastic rhetoric of several very prominent male leaders, you know, whether it's Trump or the leader of Brazil, who's also taken a lot of criticism. And so I think it's interesting that, you know, we have clearly not just the political system, but the role of women leaders has been. It was an article recently about it on jurisdictions which have done better. And it seems like there's a clear demarcation. The jurisdiction is that where the political leader is a woman have done better than the ones, you know, and that goes for states also, a number of governors. And for that matter, cities, women do well in the modern, you know, political comparison. But I wanted to ask you one more thing, and that may help us in our little quest today. It's the social fabric, namely that people believe that they're engaged together, you know, with common goals and common values. And when they believe that they are together in something, we keep hearing in, you know, on the media, we keep hearing this, but, you know, every time I hear it, I say, it's really true we're in this together. Maybe we like to be in this together, but in fact, we're not in this together. But a country, a jurisdiction that is in it together, really in it together, where everybody cares about the benefit of his fellow man and woman, where everybody cares about the country, the state, the city, and want everyone he knows or she knows to survive and do well. That's a better place. That's a place that's better capable of dealing with a crisis. Do you agree? Oh, absolutely. And again, it reflects those are both social norms and values. Sometimes it can be reflected as part of the culture. You can think of some Scandinavian countries, like actually interesting contrast, Denmark and Sweden, very similar on many levels, but Sweden has taken this different approach, a lot more relaxed, but they still, nevertheless, they have considerable social cohesion. People understand, you know, their role and they're going to, you know, go abide by it. And here again, I think what you have, even in the U.S., even though we have this chaos and poor leadership at the top level, I want to suggest that at some of the local community levels, you are seeing some, you know, more effective responses at the local level. You know, some municipalities and cities, maybe certain states, but they are filling a void that is at the higher national level. But ultimately, yeah, I think this is where you need effective leadership to bring us to understand what are the shared values? What are the shared purpose?  And if you don't have that, then you have the divisions that we see very clearly in the U.S. and other places. You know, a country, another one that, again, it hasn't been in the news too much, but Nicaragua. For the last month, the leader has been missing, Daniel Ortega, who is the, you know, basically the autocratic leader, came to power 40 years ago and then he was voted out. He's been back, but he, I think, kind of shows us the dangerous combination, not only an autocratic leader who's kind of been missing in action, but a very weak healthcare system, a very poor country, and that combination has been lethal. I would contrast that, and again, obviously poor countries, developing countries, like we talked about in our previous show, have real challenges. They're dealing with a different reality. But you have examples, like in the southern state of India of Kerala, where they have a long history of very good healthcare, even as a poor developing country, very, you know, and they've been a good success story of doing all the tracing and ensuring, you know, testing, even in the midst of poverty and inequality. So it's not enough to just be rich. If you've got good leadership and a good healthcare system, even in a developing country, you can manage this much better than you might otherwise. So, I mean, yeah, a lot of this is clearly, leadership does matter, and it helps to mobilize and organize society. And when you don't have that, we've got the kind of chaos we see now in the U.S. Well, worse yet, you have people who sow chaos. I mean, look at Putin, look at the, you know, Internet Research Agency and the measures that he took for the 2016 election to help Trump get into office, dividing people, dividing a community, creating two groups in the same community with different advocacies to try to divide the crowd. Why? Because it's in the general notion going back to the KGB is you're better off if your adversary is divided. Because that, you know, it makes your adversary dysfunctional. And so I think he has achieved that. I also think, is it interesting, that Trump has achieved that. He is dividing us. He's dividing the governor's one from the other, the state's one from the other, the racial group's one from the other. I mean, it's like, you could go through three and a half years and find that everything he has done intended or, you know, preply intended has divided us. So if you have a divided nation, a divided political system, if you will, that tears the fabric. And I think that's where we are, Carlos, don't you think? Absolutely, no, I couldn't agree more. And I think, you know, again, we see it as you've suggested, very evident. And with Trump receiving a lot of criticism, rather than address it and confront it, it's finding other scapegoats. Now the agenda is going to be blame China for everything. And there's certainly reason to critique and analyze and see what did China do wrong or right. But it's also a way of deflecting from, you know, somehow what's happening here. But this divide and conquer that you described is very common. Again, it's a more autocratic tendency to try to confuse the, you know, the population rather than what a real, maybe more effective leader would do, bring them together. And you know, a shared value, a shared common goal and why we're doing this. So that a real leader who wants to confront, let's say the protests would have to say, look, I feel your pain. I understand it. But here's why we need to do it, rather than instead Trump, he announces a policy that says we have to stay locked down. But he also thinks that those people are responsible and they're, you know, they have it. Well, you're sending mixed signals. You're creating more division. That doesn't help. More chaos. So here we are, Carlos. You and me, we were talking about this. I think the way we're pointing here is true. But the fact is that there's a certain unraveling going on. And it's being exacerbated by a government who isn't doing anything to, you know, handle anything useful. To handle, Jefferson said, let's all make ourselves useful. A government who hasn't really been able to deal with a more even immediate threat, existential threat, namely coronavirus. So here at the end of our show, we only have a minute left. What are your thoughts about what the individual human being in this country or in another country? What should that individual human being do to do his part, to make himself useful, you know, to save his system, to save the values that he cherishes? You know, and I think we're seeing little nuggets of this here and there in this crisis. People are suddenly, for the first time, getting to reach out and learn and know their neighbors or they're carrying out their own individual acts of kindness and support. And we need more of that. If we're not getting that, let's say, signal from our top leadership, get it from your own immediate neighborhood, from your neighbors and sort of, as individuals, I think we have to move away from the focus of the macro, maybe the national, and come back home, come to your own neighborhood, your own community. Because in the end, that's where we're going to solve the problem. And hopefully, if there's a glimmer of hope in the future that we can learn that, you know, people have good hearts and want to, you know, do good for their neighbors, that's where we need to probably focus. So it's more, instead of the thinking global, it's acting locally and getting to know your communities in a better way. Hopefully, if there's some good that comes out of this, we will see a lot of that. We realize that we're all in this boat together. And somehow, I don't think everybody is doing that. These protesters are selfish. They're thinking about their own individual narrow interest. We need to realize this is a problem that's affecting us all, and we have to look out for the others. So just the final thoughts. Rebuilding, rebuilding our social fabric. Thank you so much, Carlos. I always enjoy these discussions with you, and I look forward to the next one.  And immediately after the show, I hope that you will wash your hands. Thank you, Aloha. Namaste. Namaste. Yeah, take care. Take care, adios.