almost my entire life, that everybody has a purpose, a path they're supposed to follow. Something that brings them so much passion and joy when they're doing it. They may not know what it is early on, and it might switch. You might start with one career and go to another. But we know there is something, there's a longing inside of us that makes us want to follow a certain path. And that's what this show is about, taking your purpose and your passion and turning it into a career. Today my guest is Amy Hu, who is an acupuncturist and a very good one at that. As you'll see in just a moment. Hi Amy, welcome to the show. Hi, thanks. It's wonderful to have you here today. It's good to be here. So Amy, when did you first hear about acupuncture? I was in my 20s and I had had migraines. Okay. And a chiropractor suggested looking into acupuncture. Excellent. And then, how often did it help with the migraines? I did the very first treatment. After about 10 minutes, the migraine was gone and I felt definitely different and I think a lot better than I probably ever felt. So I was kind of blown away by 10 minutes of acupuncture. Okay. So for people who are watching who might not know what acupuncture is exactly, what's a brief description of acupuncture? A system of healing that's about 5,000 years old, originally developed by we believe Tibetan monks that were using some rudimentary sharpened stones and stuff to stimulate points and documenting what these points did. Now it's evolved into needles that are as thin as a couple of human hairs or a cat's whisker and you insert these into precise points or nearly precise points since they're not always the exact same on every person and they stimulate the energy within the body to move and hopefully solve problems. Amazing.  Now where did you go to school? Midwest College in Racine, Wisconsin. Excellent. Now I am going to, Amy is going to now do a demonstration of acupuncture on me. I've had acupuncture before, it's extremely relaxing but we wanted to show just how comfortable and easy acupuncture is. So I'm just gonna move my hand forward now and she's gonna start the process of what acupuncture would be. I'm just gonna put my little questions right there. I just wash my hands before I touch a patient because I may have been touching paper or something else. And then this is a clean field that isn't contaminated.  And I seriously did not even feel that go in. That is amazing. Now at that point, what are some of the things this point stimulates? This one would remove heat and move chi. So chi stagnation is a big cause of many problems within the body, especially pain. And basically your chi should be moving. Your chi should be going through the meridians as like cars on a highway and should just be flowing and not running into each other and not stopping. And when it stops anywhere or slows down or there's a jam, there's stagnation. And removing that stagnation generally changes the state of the body or the state of an illness or pathology in a beneficial way. Excellent. So I'm also going, I'm going to move my hand over here. You can see with acupuncture, I can move it. It's not painful. It actually has no feeling whatsoever.  Now this foot has two plates and 13 pins in it. And I was explaining to Amy when I run, the next day there's some pain with it. So she's gonna hopefully, she's gonna needle me and move some chi in this area also. So go ahead and pick a point wherever you want. Well if I use this one, if I use this one, that's a liver point and the liver meridian often helps resolve pain. So when we're looking at pain, cheese stagnation, the liver meridian is usually a good choice. And this just benefits so many things. And I just have to say I'm already becoming so relaxed and so comfortable. I'm just kind of zoning here already. And that is one of the things acupuncture does. Every time I've gone in for acupuncture, I just become so zoned out. It's like better than a massage, actually. So we could needle near the pin if that's comfortable unless you think that's a little scary. No, that's good. I'm good. I'm surprised you with that one. That's good. So this one's not going in as easily. Yeah, that's a plate there. I'm like, there's a plate behind that. Does that hurt? No, that's good. It's good the way it is right now. So that's it. That's getting needle. It's just that simple. So I'm gonna ask you, Amy, now, what can acupuncture help? I know it can help with anxiety and fear. What are some of the other reasons people would come to you for an acupuncture session? The biggest reason that people come for acupuncture is pain. Okay. Another reason would be insomnia, stomach problems like nausea, or other bowel and stomach problems like colitis or irritable bowel. A lot of times we can help the body relax so that those things aren't as bothersome, and some people go into remission completely. There's also neurological issues, like you can address paralysis, there's never any promises, but sometimes if it's a temporary neurological issue, you can reverse it. If it's a new, the newer the issue, the better the success with acupuncture. Excellent. Now I know people can also use acupuncture to help stop smoking and for heart conditions. Correct, yes. To stop smoking, there's a, if you can come more frequently at the beginning, it generally helps a lot. And also institute a lot of other behavioral commitments. So it's not that acupuncture itself cures smoking, but acupuncture is a great support for quitting smoking and for a lot of health conditions. Absolutely. Now the very first time I went for acupuncture, I was so nervous and that I'm gonna say this wrong. They put the thing on my foot, the maki, or moxa, moxa, that's it. And I'm gonna tell you within a few seconds, I was so like in my happy place. So is that, if somebody is nervous, they can start with the moxa and then you're just, you're in like this dream state place and nothing like being needled after that was nothing. And that's sometimes a term that people use getting needled is a term people use for acupuncture also for the actual process, right? Right, and there's a, there are also some, there's some auricular points which is in the ear. If somebody's comfortable with that, you can stimulate the points in the ear either with a needle or with a tool and that can relax them. Sometimes just having the conversation, turning on some soft music, putting the lights down, getting through that first needle if somebody has anxiety as usually, you know, the solution, a solution to the problem. But if we can't even get to that needle, sure. There are accessory techniques to use. You know, there's a, there's tween massage that's part of acupuncture training. So, you know, almost any kind of touch if they're, if it's appropriate to the treatment and helpful to the patient can help resolve some of that. Right, absolutely. So I'm just a little update here on annealing. I'm so completely relaxed right now. Like I'm like thinking in my head, you should look at your questions. You should ask the questions. And I'm just like, I'm just so comfortable right now. So let's talk about how you determine how many needles to use on a person because somebody might come in and say, everything's wrong with me, just put them in. And is more better or more is less? Or what's the philosophy on that? There are different philosophies, but in general, less is more. So, you know, keep it to probably an average of 10 needles that's really beneficial. There's a lot of practitioners that don't and they're not doing it wrong. But, you know, I think that like 70 or 80 needles is a lot as we learned in school. We probably did, you know, 10 to 20 needles per treatment when possible. There are some conditions that benefit from a lot more needles, especially say you're doing the whole spine. There's a certain type of treatment. You're kind of following the whole spine. That's a lot more needles. What does that help? The paraspinal pain. So relaxing that whole, the very thick muscles next to the spine. And that, you know, it can take more needles. I don't think everybody prefers it. You know, there's all different philosophies and theories within the practice. So somebody may be watching that's a terrible treatment. That's not per textbook or whatever. But, you know, when I've seen results with it with people, it's something I'm gonna keep in my book of big tricks. And just like every treatment might not be right for every person, but there might be a person that this treatment is perfect for. Right, if somebody's frail or weak or young or very old, less needles is definitely the answer and less time. If somebody is bigger, heavier, stronger, young, not too young, but youthful and strong and their treatment requires or can benefit from more needles and more time, then that's possible. The sicker a person is, the less needles and less time. And also if you're sick with upper respiratory, you keep the needles above the waist. Whereas if you're not sick with an upper respiratory illness, then you can choose needles upper and lower. Okay, perfect. So now how long, once the needles are in, how long do they stay in? How long does it normally, once a person is needled, what's the approximate amount of time the needles will stay in while they're lying on the table? An average treatment's about 20 minutes. Okay, and then do you? If you don't fall asleep. If you don't fall asleep. Forget what's going on, yeah, then 20 minutes. Is it like massage where they turn over and then they get needled in the back or is it just the one side? Not, that wouldn't be a standard format, but that can happen. There can be, pull the needles and flip you over and do the other side. So it kind of depends on conditions, it depends on the person's constitution and the time that the office has to do it. Perfect, perfect. So I'm gonna go to the next question now I'm so zoned right now. If you wanna really be zoned out and relaxed, this is such a perfect thing to do. So you talked a little bit about age with acupuncture. So what would be, you mentioned children, are children really good candidates for acupuncture? For acupuncture. They can be, generally they don't need to have a 20 minute treatment. They may not even need to have a 10 minute treatment. They may, their chi is more accessible. They're more receptive to treatment. So sometimes just a needle in and out is enough to treat them for their condition. But generally I guess you pay attention to the patient and if you put the needle in and they scream, you take the needle out because you don't want them flailing or causing any problems. But even just accessing that point a little bit can. Be helpful. Now, if a child has let's say ADD or an eating disorder, this could be very helpful for them. Definitely, there's definitely some auricular points that I would use for those type of conditions. But the body points to are beneficial in helping them relax so that they feel more control over their issues. Okay, excellent.  Do you use a massage table or? They're a massage table or a zero gravity chair. A massage table is the most typical. Okay, perfect, perfect. With a clean sheet or a clean paper underneath them. So what's the most typical thing other than pain that people come in for acupuncture for? Pain, migraines. Migraines is a type of pain though. So probably, I think anxiety. Yeah, that's so huge. So it really, really calms people down. Like you're saying it's calming you down and you didn't have anxiety to begin with. So somebody with anxiety, if you can just bring them down a notch, can sometimes feel like a world of difference. So that's pretty magical. Now once somebody's been needled and the needles are taken out, how long can they expect the result to last? That definitely varies by patient. But at the very beginning, it doesn't last as long as after multiple treatments. For some conditions, it's suggested to come a few times a week in the very beginning and then start stretching it out to once a week and then all the way down to once a month. And then sometimes those treatments can last in between those appointments. But there's not really one answer to that. I think that like for me, treatment will last minimum of eight to 12 hours, which may not sound like a lot. But if you have any kind of condition that's bothering you, a period of relief is really beneficial to give you that hope and give you that feeling of not having the condition so that you and your own mind and body can kind of draw that out yourself. And that's, it may sound kind of hokey, but I usually instruct patients when you, if you're feeling relief right now, kind of capture that, capture that in your mind. And it's not the same as taking a picture of it, but keep a record of it and see how long you can kind of hold that picture. And if you lose sight of that picture, get that picture back and see if you can kind of recreate that pain relief that you had because some people can really do that. And my goal isn't to have them come back to me and be my patient for life. My goal is to help them so that they know how to help themselves and then they can come back as they want, not as they need. Absolutely, absolutely. So now Amy, you practice another healing modality called access bar, correct? Yep, access bars is a method of healing through access consciousness and it helps to remove like past belief systems and past, I guess, negativity, they call it, that has accumulated in our consciousness that is no longer necessary for our existence. So it's just kind of cluttering us in our mind. Okay, so and how do you do that? How is access bar performed? Generally a person's laying on a massage table, they can be anywhere though, they can be sitting in a chair, they can be laying on a couch and there are points on the head or 32 points on the head. You start with the back of the neck and the forehead.  And I mean, the long and the short of it, the result is most people feel just super relaxed. Okay, excellent, excellent. And then with access bar, I wanna reach, I know it can help with some of our past, you mentioned like past lives. Approximately how, I know that one time you'd given me a number up to, I'm so relaxed, I can't formulate a question folks. This stuff is awesome by the way. So please elaborate on the whole. Well, the system of healing describes it as each session can remove up to 10,000 years of negativity. Okay, perfect. I kind of took that out of some of my flyers because I think that especially in the area I'm in sometimes that can kind of push people away. If they don't believe in past lives or whatever else, just let them know that it removes negativity and helps them feel really relaxed. And if they wanna try it, they can try it. And then more of the one-on-one conversations would discuss the technical aspects if people are open and interested in that. So I don't want to, I don't wanna deprive somebody of it because then scare them away by that. But it's pretty exciting to me if we potentially have past lives we can remove 10,000 years of it each treatment. That's pretty cool. So just keep getting treatments and giving treatments until we reach whatever number of years we think we've had in reincarnation, which who knows, but I don't know. I think too, by not stating it, if you're removing it and the person doesn't know that, it's not a trick. It's just removing stuff that is blocking them. And we, as people, we think we know what's blocking us, but then we work on that and we're like, okay, I worked on that, it's not that. So sometimes we need a system that just goes in and can work on it, start removing it without us knowing all the details of it. I think as people we can get caught up in the details and because we think it's this and we must work with this and it could be something completely different, right? Yep, that's definitely something that we've talked about as people involved with access bars, some of the people have said that it seems like it works better if we leave the story out. Sometimes the patient or the practitioner wants to talk about the story and that that's not wrong, but as you know, by telling our story over and over, especially if it's negative, you kind of lock that in place. And you reinforce it. So instead of locking that story in place, we just want to go, let's remove negativity and then let's just remove it. So hopefully then that story, some people have described the result of access bars as a memory they had before that was negative that they kept repeating, they just couldn't really remember anymore. So I mean, of course you can recreate that memory again if you start thinking about it and replace that into your mind, but removing that from your immediate consciousness can free up a lot of space to accomplish positive things. So what was the process of learning the process or the procedure of access bar? It's a one day class with a certified facilitator, but I had probably five or six sessions with that practitioner before deciding to take the class. Okay, perfect, perfect. And then when you're treating somebody, do you know, I mean, I know you say, keep the story out of it, but what are some of their testimonials, what they say afterwards after experiencing it? The people that I've treated said that they just feel so relaxed and centered and balanced. Okay, and then again, they can't remember that negative process. Now, does access bar also help with children? Definitely, children may be pulling in past life memories or picking up energy from other people and it can help them feel more centered and calm. Yeah, I've said this before. In children often remember their past lives when they're younger. As we get older, we forget it. And I believe it's England. If you Google YouTube past lives England, there will be all these children telling their stories of past lives and their name and where they lived and they look this up and it's accurate. I mean, it fits. It's like, oh yeah, there was a guy named that that did live there. And that just, that amazes me. And you know, I'm not trying to change anybody's mind if they do or don't believe in past lives. I just think it's a very fascinating situation when something like that comes up. It is. It is, absolutely. So Amy, is there anything else you would like us to know about your work? Either acupuncture or access bar? Oh, not necessarily unless, I mean, I can remove the needles. Okay, let's start with the foot so I can take this off the table. Oh, there you go. And felt nothing. And felt nothing. And now I can just kind of get my foot off the table there and then this point. Here we go. And again, there was no feeling going in, no feeling coming out. When done correctly, you really do not feel that needle going in. You have a knowing it's happening because you might be watching it, but don't feel it at all, which is very, very amazing. I love that. So how often do you get needles? I don't get needles as much as I want to, but I would love to get needles probably once a week by somebody else. I'll needle myself three or four times a week, especially in my ears. It's just really good for keeping, for staying calm, staying centered, and it's quick in the ears. Like an easy. Yeah. So that's excellent, very perfect. So Amy, I'm going to have your website listed below. I want to thank you so much for being a guest here today.  And hopefully somebody who's watching will be able to say, I think that could help me. Now, one thing we didn't bring up is acupuncture can also help weight. Oh, definitely. If people that want to lose weight, it's again, not the only solution, but it's a good support to people that are trying to lose weight because you can remove some help reduce edema and reduce cravings, reduce addictions. Food addiction is a big addiction. So can help people with that. We can also put some tax or seeds in the ears and then that'll remind you you can stimulate those points and then that's something you can do instead of eating when you say, oh my gosh, I'm so hungry. And then you'll have something that you can touch to, hopefully that would reduce the craving. Absolutely, that's wonderful. There are so many options for people, holistic options, natural options that people can use to help, whether it be weight, smoking, any of the other things. Thank you, Amy, so much for being such an incredible guest today and thank you for watching this episode of Create a Life You Love. If you would like to connect with Amy Hu, her website is right underneath here. Go ahead, write that down, connect with her. If you'd like to connect with me, now my website is right underneath there. You can also connect with either one of us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube and a number of other social media outlets. I look forward to seeing you on the next episode of Create a Life You Love. Thanks and have an amazing day, bye-bye.


Hello, Mada.  I'm Rick. Nick Fawcett. Hey, what are you doing, everyone? Not Twitter. Chew's sick. Gone. Dead. Haven't you been blocked over there yet? Not yet. Yeah. Everyone will be at some point. I hope so. Yeah. And thank you for sort of some Patreon. Follow us on Twitter account. Subscribe if you don't like button, because that helps the old sexy algorithm. Mmm. A like in a subscribe is like a titillating spanking. It's true. The buttocks of YouTube. Often in moments of intimacy, my favorite thing to hear whispered into my ear is algorithm. Yes. That's actually my climax of expression. It actually helps me to remember rhythm. Yes. Today we're doing a movie review of a film that is the official selection of India for the Oscars for them this year. And we finally were able to watch it, we've been wanting to watch it since it was announced that it was the pick and we had never heard about it. And so if I believe it on India in India, it's on Netflix. It is not here because obviously it's an award contention. So they, what they basically do is they take it off everything. Right. They take it off and then if it gets nominated, that gives distributors wide breadth of releasing comparatively if it doesn't get nominated. So it's not here. But we were able to get a copy of it. So that's fantastic. So if you haven't watched it, it's on Netflix. You can go watch it there and we will talk about it as a film as a whole. And then we will talk about what we think its chances would be as well. Yeah, we have to because that's part of the conversation. And this will be non-spoiler until we warn you. Yes. So Rick, your initial thoughts, please. My first thing I want to say is I've heard around, you know, the water cooler proverbially about this being, I don't want to say ripped off, but borrowed from Cinema Paradiso. Yeah. I think it's mainly the relationship. Yeah. It's this. No, just because it has it's like saying any movie that involves a shark was a borrowed from Jaws. No, I know Cinema Paradiso. I just watched it in the past month. It's an absolutely beautiful film. This film doesn't need to be talked about in conversation with that in terms of it having borrowed anything. It's a standalone film that deserves the respect it deserves for what it is. I love the movie. We'll talk about its chances for the Oscars. I think it has nothing but things that are meritorious to talk about. It's a really touching, very personal, obviously, film with solid performances that I am really happy I saw it. And I think it's one of the best films that I've seen in this calendar year. No. Yeah. I love the film too. I thought it was absolutely fantastic. We will talk about the Oscar chances at the end, I think, but I can tell you right now if it wasn't a Hollywood film, it would be nominated for Best Picture. There's a big difference, though, in Foreign Picture and Best Picture. But proverbial for the lack of a better word, the industry likes stroking itself off. Right when it started, I was like, okay, I see why they picked it. The industry just loves films about itself. I'll talk about the rest of that at the end. We're going to talk about the film right now, though. Yeah. I love this film. I got teary-eyed at the end. Yeah. I'll explain, because we're going to in a little bit. Wait a minute. Like a legitimate tear?  Wow! But I'll tell you why in the end, though, because I don't know why. It's going to be the daddy thing.  Opens up new doorways of the soul. It's actually not the dad. No, no, no, but it's the fact that it's your daddy heart. So that's awesome. We'll talk about all that. But yeah, I think this film is absolutely fantastic. Yeah, it's a beautiful movie. It's an absolutely love letter to Indian cinema. Yes. Cinema as a whole, but it's particularly Indian cinema. And I'm glad we got to see it four years in, almost 300 movies in. All my stars. Yes. Because there's so many, obviously obvious shout-outs, but there's so many parallels to obviously the director, it's kind of, it's not a autobiographical about him, but it's semi-autobiographical about his influences and his love for cinema and growing up and that kind of stuff. And so that's, it's just wonderful. If you're a film lover, it's particularly an Indian film lover, I think you're going to love this film. And not just because of the story content, but because of the creative nature in which the whole film is made. Take away the subject matter of the fact that it's film-centric. The film is just a beautiful film, regardless if this could been any story, it would still be a really wonderful movie. Yeah, absolutely. And I think I'm sad, the only reason we heard about it was because it got submitted. And also, I don't know, like it came out in 2001, so I'm not really... You mean 2021? 2021. Yeah. Yeah. Not 2022. So I'm a little confused as also... It was the, there were, graces extended because of COVID. As far as academy... There were... Yeah. Okay. They had started filming before the pandemic and the pandemic screwed them up and they did post-prediction after the pandemic. Gotcha. And there was a grace period that the academy gave during the pandemic for films to qualify for certain years. Gotcha. Okay. But this film, it reminded me actually a lot of the lunchbox a little bit. Very much. In terms of like Western sensibilities in terms of like how they would appreciate this film. Even though I think an Indian or somebody that's been in love with Indian cinema for a long time can appreciate it way more just because there's so much love and admiration for Indian cinema in this. Just like if it was a Hollywood film, they'd show Hollywood films and that kind of stuff. But particularly if you're an Indian film lover, I think this, hold on, I was saying something and then... Lost track. Went off the rails. What was I saying? I don't know. I don't know. Okay. Oh, lunchbox. Yeah. It reminded me of like that style. I mean, maybe it was a lot of the food element because there was a big massive food element to this and the way they showed the cooking and how it's a deep rooted in the culture and how it kind of influences everything as well. But in a different way, obviously. Particularly the filmmaking style is very reminiscent of the lunchbox. It's 100% that if the go-to film for cinephiles I know who love film and want to see a great film from India, the lunchbox is my number one record. I always say watch the lunchbox because the writing, the acting, the directing is all... It's film. And this is right up there for the very same reasons, though the nature of the film and the subject matter is utterly completely different. The sense you have in the same way that I mentioned this film repeatedly, The Florida Project is a film, high caliber. The other thing about this film that I appreciate so much is I was thinking about parallels because it's such a similar love letter to movies that Cinema Paradiso has and that's really for me the only similarity. I mean, if you're going to talk about a kid who fell in love with movies and the guy's the projectionist, there's going to be a lot of stories like that around the world and you're going to have one projectionist working, other than that there's no similarities. And I wonder, because I'm not Italian and Cinema Paradiso is an Italian film, I don't know how much of what Cinema Paradiso conveyed had other metaphorical symbolic imagery beyond the filmmaking aspect that pointed to culture and politics within Italy. But being as familiar as we are with Indian cinema at this point, I appreciated not just the primary story, which is enough in and of itself. I appreciated things I saw that were visual representations of things and even scripted representations of things that were very, very subtle, but really, really powerful. And that's one of my favorite things about the film is that anybody who's familiar with Indian film and its history and its life is going to recognize the Indian-ness of this film. Yeah. And obviously it wasn't just India. It was primarily Indian influences, but there were Western influences. A lot of 2001 Space Odyssey elements. Well, there was a thank you to Stanley Kubrick in front of the film. I think even the, I don't want to give anything away, but particularly the end sequence as well. Yeah, which I want to talk about when we're talking about spoilers. But I just kind of want to get, everything about this film I think was high-class. Yeah. Everything. So if you haven't watched it, just go watch it. What, the young actor who played our lead, is that Bhavan Robari? Mm-hmm. Yeah. Most of these people were from villages. Well. They never acted before. Shout-out to the Satyajit Rai style of casting, because everybody was believable. And he was particularly, the whole film falls on his shoulders. And he does an exemplary job. Hats off to the director of being able to get that out of non-actors. But that happens all the time in India. It's quite impressive. Because I guess he just like, go do what you would normally do, please. I don't need you to act. I just need you to go. And the other kid. There's a lot of showing, not telling. Which is the best. Yeah. And so like a lot of this film, there's not a, and there's dialogue, but there's not a dialogue heavy film. No. It's really a fly on the wall and love for cinema film. And so please go watch this film. And love for life. It really is an appreciation for things that deeply, the things that matter most. Yeah. The things that matter most. We can get into spoilers and Oscar chances. Should we talk about Oscar chances first so that people who haven't seen it can hear what we think about Oscar chances? Yeah, sure. So if you haven't watched it, please go watch it. Please do. Come back. And then we'll get into spoilers in just a second. I think it could have a chance, right? Obviously the final cut-down comes out on the 21st, right? And so we'll see. The reason I would still pick RRR is because it not only would have not absolutely a thousand percent been nominated. It wouldn't have even been in a question. Correct. It could have won that category. Correct. Just because of how, right? Correct. I think any other year I would have been completely happy with this, right? And I'm not saying RRR is like a better film. Very different films. You really can't even compare the two, right? But if your job as the Film Federation is to make sure something gets nominated and possibly win, you had a shoe in. And so still, even though I think it could have a chance, and because it's about film and I see why they picked it, right? And I'll be rooting for it if it absolutely could be a thousand percent. Just because you had RRR this year and the effect that it's had on America, I just, you could have won the cat. You could have won your first Oscar ever. I mean, not that there's, there's tough category, there's a, there's tough competition this year. Yes. Particularly, what's the, the, the all quiet on the western front. Yes. Obviously that's, that's a big one. And that, that's probably the front runner. That is the front runner on everybody's list. But in terms of, and, and there's a couple of others. RRR might get nominated for best picture. Once again, if you haven't seen our video, you can go, go watch that about RRR's chances. So if it has a chance there, it, it could be, have a 50-50 shot with that and the other one at winning. Yeah. It's really interesting that RRR, I mean, how many people in India thought that the first Oscar that they would get is not going to be in the international film. It's going to be a standalone category of the Oscars, which is insane. So that, that is my only gripe is because you had a shoe in for RRR and it could have even won the category. And if you were a member of the Academy voting and let's say first of all, you were a member of the Film Federation in India making a choice between this and RRR. Just because it's chances. Right. Any other year, I'd be 1000% OK. And I'm still, once again, rooting for this film, nothing against this film. The only, it deserves its place. Yes. As a film that should be considered. It really does. The only reason I'm as it is because RRR came out and you could have won. Yeah. And you would, it being nominated wouldn't have been a question. Like it would have been the biggest, one of the biggest snubs ever. If this wasn't nominated, if RRR wouldn't have been nominated and submitted, right? Yeah. Also, another reason I'm hesitant and you can tell me after you're after I'm done here, what you think about its chances. Like I said, if it was a Hollywood film about Hollywood films, it would have 1000% been the best picture nomination. But the fact that it's an Indian film and if people aren't familiar with all with Indian films, they're not going to pick up on why showing Joda Akbar, showing Mother India, showing all these other things is so Shah Rukh Khan talking about Satya Jit Rai is so meaningful. Right. They're just going to be like, oh, I'm sure those people are important. Right. And so it's not going to hit as well to people that aren't familiar with Indian cinema. They're going to appreciate it because it's about film. Right. And there's many things universal truths about film that they're going to love, but that would be my one hesitation as well with them not being able to fully relate to this film. I agree. So, yeah, I agree about its chances. I think so what everybody's been writing. And when I say everybody, I'm talking about Indie wire, rotten tomatoes, Hollywood reporter, variety, you name it. Right. The people who talk about that here in the industry, it's not on anybody's top 10 list. It's in a top 15 list. Yes. I saw top 15. It's in the top 15. So it's not considered a shoe in, but it's also not considered a really far dark horse. It's one of those films that's really close. And if it got it, people would be really happy. But if it didn't, they wouldn't be surprised. Having not seen any of the other international films, that's a part of it where we don't have a viewpoint to really see if it deserves the nomination for chances with the all quiet on the Western front. Correct. That's a shoe in, but I want to see and will as availability becomes the other ones to see who's really deserving of their slots. In relationship to RRR, they're two completely different films. When you're talking about simply the chances and the way the politics of award season work, it was a no brainer. That's why everyone was confounded, dumbfounded, use whatever words you want to. It was absolute ridiculousness to not select RRR for that alone. Of the two, as much as this is a more high brow, high level, artistic, when it comes to the kind of film that's noticed, I still prefer RRR and my for a couple of reasons. First of all, I said this during the review for RRR. It's the greatest buddy movie I've ever seen. It's my favorite buddy film of all time. This is not my favorite film on the blank of all time. Anything. Yeah. It's still a great movie. Yeah. And not every film has to be the best, blah, blah, blah. But when you have, when it comes to the Oscars, I don't care whatever the category may be for me. Let's say you have two films that are equally deserving at every single level, right? Which you can't compare some of these levels. Visual effects in this don't exist compared to RRR. But when you, for me, the final arbiter for the Oscars is what of the two will be remembered 50 years from now? There's no question. Yeah. Nothing against the last film show. 50 years from now, no one will have forgotten RRR. Yeah. That's going to make Oscar history. It made Indian history. It is a historically important film in world cinema. This one is not. And that doesn't mean there's anything wrong with this film. But comparatively, I just the breadth of the directorial vision, the totality of the team's endeavor, the performances, the songs, the scope, when it comes to that comparatively, I still don't understand why you wouldn't select RRR. Yes. So that that's our thoughts on that. I'm a thousand percent rooting for this film. I will be thrilled. I'll be so happy if it gets nominated. It's so deserving of the love and attention that it's getting. And it's it's a shame that it happened to come out the same year as RRR because they're very different films. And there's probably millions of people who would say every day of the week, 24 hours a day, I would want last film show than RRR. That's fine. That's the beauty of moviemaking. Yeah. So that's our thoughts on that. Yeah, we were a thousand percent rooting for it. If it's nominated, we hope it's nominated. Really, obviously make me very happy. There's other caveats with RRR that will then you heard it. Yeah. Now, little spoilers to get back to the spoilers. All right, so now don't don't listen to this unless you've seen the movie, please go see it and then come back. So yeah, let's talk about the the end. So the part I teared up in was obviously when they were telling she was basically telling him that he could go. You wanted him to go and you wanted him to learn any because he didn't want to become like him. And he didn't want to be stuck anywhere.  Well, God was the fact that the mom had 12 minutes of primarily running time to say goodbye to her seven year old and pack up his legs for him. So I can't tell you how many times me and my wife after this was done, we're looking to our children and be like, you will never leave on a train ever. I will never ever send you off on a train. You are stuck with me. Obviously, there's other things in the film that is like, it's beautiful that they let him do that because he wouldn't have a chance to be what he wanted there and all that stuff. Yeah. But I felt primarily bad for the mom. Of course, so sad for she was so sweet, so supportive throughout the entire thing.  But she she she knew that was what he was best for him to. But also, like, she'd be like, I don't know why you care so much about this tea stall. Let's go with our son. I know a tea stall there, you weirdo. Right, right. Like, that's what I don't like. I'm like, no, I'm going to go with my son. You can stay here. Right. That is a question of what's he staying there for? He just found out he doesn't even have his tea stall anymore. Yeah. So what's there for him to stay for anymore? It's very, but I do love, obviously. And so maybe it was that, maybe it was the fact that, obviously, they letting him being supportive of what he wants to do.  Yeah, yeah. So that's wonderful. Right. And so I like that. I did like that. It was very symbolic. Maybe it was not intentional, but the fact that it ended with a train, him running after a train. It's astonishing how many Indian films climax at trains. I don't think it's a coincidence. It was done on purpose. Oh, yeah. As a shout out to how important trains, climactic moments on trains mean to Indians when it comes to watching. Yeah. And where they have felt deep connection in movies. Yeah. Is on. Absolutely. So I thought that was intentional. So I thought that was speaking of the train. It was it was almost almost a little heavy on the schmaltz. But I adored. I like adored the train pulling away and everybody happens to be there watching him go. The projection is his whirling dervish dance, his buddy with the little mirror in the light. I thought strains, credulity, a tad, but but I I love it. It was dripping with really just a shout out to more film. It was. And then big fish ending as well. I loved the shout outs at the end. And the fact that he could see in all of the bangles, the colors, and he knew by the color because he watched the films get melted down. And then the blend, probably my favorite part of the movie is the blend of him talking about the legends of Indian cinema as a boy. And then it's the adult voice talking about the American cinema that impacted him. And there's this interweaving while you're looking at the beautiful Indian women's bangles of which also goes back to the colors and prisms he's looking through on the train. It's just a lovely, beautiful, beautiful. In fact, the poster does a great job of hinting at the totality of the film with him on the train and the colors there kind of blending in, which are the colors of the glass he's looking through, the color of the celluloid melted in. And it ultimately too conveys it's so small, you could miss it. But the dad recognized he after the destruction of the of the 35 millimeter in the bringing in of digital that he lost, he no longer had hope about his dream anymore.  And his dad recognized he's going to become like me.  And he's, if I'm not going to do it for me, I at least have to, I can't let hope die in my kid. That's it's again, the movie's beautiful. Leland, I will never ever send you off on a train. Until you're like 30. Anyways, but like, I also want to talk like how sad the destruction of all that film was. It was a heartbreak. So painful to watch. I was like, please tell me this doesn't actually happen. Like, does that happen? I did you look it up? I didn't look it up, but I promise when you know, which money you could probably I promise there are works of art that did not survive the transition from 35 millimeter to digital all over the world that were either small films that nobody cared about. And they were just tossed or they were films that people cared about, but no one had the care to preserve them. The way Scorsese has done and refurbished them. So, yeah, sadly, I'm confident that when we when we transitioned away from 35 millimeter to digital, most of them got tossed aside. That whole sequence was very 21, 2001, Space Odyssey. Esk without being like even though it didn't have the even though that was in this film, that was in the film. It felt very surreal almost what he was going through. Another thing that's a real shout out to the director. And I would love to ask if this was an intentional thing, because it feels and looks totally intentional. I noted that as his understanding of filmmaking improves, the quality of the film itself began to improve. You went from very basic standard shots at the beginning. No bells and whistles, pretty basic. And by the time you reach our climax point, which is when the cinema is losing the film and he has to go watch it, you get representational vision, you get sound. The score is incredible. The that moment where he's looking at the giant ocean of film and he dives into it and becomes immersed. And then you quickly go back and realize that's what he was thinking. Just I saw the film itself progresses technologically, just as the boy progresses with his understanding of films technology. Yeah, absolutely. Yeah. Yeah. Everything about it. I mean, all the performances I thought were really good. Very, very. I love the projectionist. I thought he did a great job. Very good job. As did the dad, as did the mom. She might love the mom. Yeah, like her whole character was amazing. She did a good performance. She didn't say a lot, but she conveyed a lot. And it was all the food looked amazing. Yeah, I was so hungry watching this film. Another another really wonderful thing that could get lost on Western viewers, the majority. The probably the biggest change in dad. Was the cast cast system. Oh, yeah. I mean, that's a fricking huge change. And that was not done heavyhandedly and it wasn't done revelatory. It was just if you don't understand how important it is at the beginning of the film when he sang Brahmins would never make movies. And then he sends his kid off to go make movies. That's fricking ginormous. Yeah, absolutely.  No, we're going to say something I forgot. It wasn't about the performances. No, no, no, she was great. The food looked delicious. And there's something else that probably I'm sure was lost in us was that this is a while. This is a distinctly Indian film. I'm sure we probably miss some of the things that Gujarati's would appreciate. And it's our second or third. It's our second. So it's Hela Rao and this. Yeah, I still find it crazy. Hela Rao wasn't in. I know. But it it that's the other thing I love about this year. Is that Indian cinema is being recognized outside of the stereotypical Bollywood mindset. You know, we love all Indian film and that it has, you know, globally there's you can't say a word about the impact that Hindi cinema has made. But it's really beautiful to see R.R.R. and the last film show being in the conversation for everybody and hopefully everybody recognizing, although Netflix sure didn't when they dubbed R.R.R. That this this is Indian cinema is all the languages. It's a it's a land of many languages, of many peoples, of many cultures all living together as one, just like the food we marveled at where everything tastes different, but everything tastes Indian. Yeah, yeah. Absolutely. Great movie. Yeah, I should be very proud. We'll be rooting for it at the Oscars. I'll be so happy. So I think it is the 20 versus the for the cut down. Yeah, so it's this next week, right? Yeah, yeah. So hopefully it makes the final cut down. We're rooting for you, man. Yeah, we are. Shout out to Pan Nelan. I don't know if that's a correct pronunciation. Forgive me. Wrote and directed it and did a final. Cyril Moran, beautiful score. Beautiful score. Everything about it. And Swap Roll and your team did beautiful cinematography and the use of light, which was incredibly important in this film. Yeah, any other year, I would have probably been happy that this got nominated. Oh, yeah, it absolutely deserves it. It does. I'm still happy. Yeah, I explained all of that earlier. Yeah, we did. Anyway, let us know what you thought about the film down below.


Hello everyone, it's really good to be giving another webinar in our Connecting with Niles Soundbytes webinar series. So today I'm going to be talking about smartphone connected hearing aids and this is one of the number of webinars that we're going to be giving on remote technologies over the next couple of weeks. So smartphone connected hearing aids empower hearing aid users and the message from today's is that the take home message is that it's not the technology for what people do with the technology. So there are a number of benefits to mHealth. So mHealth is one healthcare delivered through mobile technologies such as smartphones and tablets and there are a number of benefits which are shown here. First of all mHealth increases access to healthcare so this overcomes barriers of geography, time and mobility. Easy access and convenience can lead to greater empowerment, a more personalised and tailored approach to healthcare approach and moves away from the more traditional one size fits all and can lead to more personalised healthcare. By being able to interact more with the mobile technologies people are better able to engage not only with their healthcare but also their healthcare condition. By being able to self-evaluate and self-monitor how people are getting on they're better able to self-manage their health condition and by having greater control over how to manage their hearing healthcare this can lead to greater participation in everyday life. One of the big advantages of mobile health and mobile technologies is the ability to be able to collect a lot of data. So by methods such as ecological momentary assessment we're able to gather large amounts of data that can be analysed using new and novel methodologies such as AI and machine learning. Finally there's often limited healthcare so being able to have high volume healthcare at low cost can lead to new service delivery models. So there are a number of different types of mobile technology for connected hearing healthcare and for self-management shown here and we're going to be talking about all these different aspects in our webinar series. Today I'm going to be talking about smartphone connected hearing aids as I said. So this is the patient pathway that we're very familiar with and the the smartphone connected hearing aids really come in at the intervention part of the pathway but also in terms of ongoing support by the way that smartphone connected hearing aids are able to support people beyond the clinic appointment. So a copy review that I published a couple of years ago has shown that hearing aids are effective so the review showed that for hearing related quality of life and listening ability there were large beneficial effects and this was moderate quality evidence which is actually really very high for systematic review. For health related quality of life and for the first time we were able to go and show that there was a small although albeit significant beneficial effect in health related quality of life and again this was this used moderate quality evidence. So the conclusion of the copy review was that the evidence is compatible with the widespread provision of hearing aids, the first line clinical management in those seeking help for hearing difficulties.  Well traditionally hearing aids have had really bad press in terms of the way they look in terms of being a bit big bulky plasticy with custom earmiles and really not very attractive and this is caused people get really quite bothered about the sort of cosmetic appearances of hearing aids. Even though hearing aids are effective and can really help improve people's quality of life there are still occasions when people will have difficulties being able to hear. So for example in difficult listening situations such as having conversations of groups you can see this group of people in a restaurant here and particularly when there is background noise. One of the issues around hearing loss if hearing aids aren't helping so much is that people often feel quite isolated and they can be isolated either in a situation where there's lots of people around themselves like in this one here but where they withdraw from themselves because they're unable to communicate or participate well or they may even become isolated where they don't even attend social or other types of functions or meetings or activities. And then finally it's been well known for many many years that there's a stigma attached with hearing aids really sort of encapsulating a lot of what I've been talking about so far. So a couple of years ago we asked the question can new technologies help overcome some of these issues. So over the last few years we've seen a real explosion in the use of smartphone connectivity. I've got three examples of how that might be used here in terms of self-fitting hearing aids being able to adjust the sound quality of the hearing aids and then being able to adjust hearing aids remotely so where the audiologist is in the clinic and the patient is at home. But today I'm going to be focusing on this the user adjustment aspects of smartphone connectivity. So we're coming out to study a couple of years ago in Nottingham in the UK and the research question we asked was does the functionality of a smartphone app provide benefits in everyday life. So the two main aims the first was to assess the benefits of the smartphone app. The second was to explore people's usability, how do they use them and what were their preferences of the app. So this is a screen shot of what the app looked like and the app was used with Phonax Audio B90 direct hearing aids which were programmed using the Phonax Digital adaptive algorithm. So the number of programs that were available there were some sound modifiers so this enabled people to be able to adjust the volume, the gain, to be able to reduce noise, set microphone directionality and adjust compression. So a bunch of different types of sound modifiers to adjust. There were some preset programs that had been set at the outset so factory presets so these were programs that had been shown previously to be helpful either watching television or watching television, listening in a restaurant or listening to music. There's also the option for people to be able to customize and the sound and then be able to save those custom programs, store them, give them a name and then use them whenever they wanted to. So the study involved 44 hearing aid users, the hearing aid users were recruited from a clinic in the UK's National Health Service and there were some eligibility criteria. It was really important that people had an Apple iPhone because the app wasn't available on Android so they had to have an iPhone that was at least iOS 10 and one of the criteria was that people used the phone more than just sending texts. So we did a single centre perspective observational study which I'll say more about in a minute and we used a mixed methodology which we're using more and more in our hearing research studies. So we used a mixture of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies including two focus groups. So this is the study design. It was a seven-week study so a baseline, people came into the clinic, they were fitted with the new hearing aid, the phonac hearing aid, we collected some patient-reported outcome measures and carried out an interview. Patients came back one week later where the hearing aid was fine-tuned and we checked that they were getting on okay with the hearing aids and again we repeated some patient-reported outcome measures and carried out a speech and noise test. The participants were then left for six weeks, told to go home, use the hearing aids as they would normally. The home trial included some hearing tests that we asked them to do and we also got them to make a note of their different experiences. So after the six-week trial they came back a week seven and we repeated the outcome measures and the speech and noise speech and noise test and had a final interview and then some people were randomly selected to take part in the focus group so if you get a bit of a more of a handle on you know what they what their experiences were. So down here are the characteristics of the participants, very typical of NHS clinic patients, two-thirds of the patients were existing hearing aid users, they were all just under the age of 70 so this is very typical of what we would see in the Nottingham Clinic as were the pure technology grams. So in terms of the results, so first of all just looking at the hearing aid users and looking at hearing aid outcomes we saw across the board that hearing aid outcomes improved and most of the outcomes improved with large clinical effect sizes. So for the existing hearing aid users I've shown here the results in the Glasgow Hearing Aid Difference Profile and the device-orientated subjective outcome questionnaire, the dozo. So for the Glasgow Difference Profile this people had to go and say how much more benefit or satisfaction their new hearing aid gave them compared to their previous ones and 100% meant that they were, this was 100% improvement of benefit and satisfaction. So everybody reported that the new hearing aids gave them more benefit and satisfaction. For the dozo there's six different scales so these would include things like listening in noise, listening in quiet, convenience and I'm showing you the results here for listening effort. So this is the listening effort rating that people reported with their previous hearing aids of baseline and we can see that there's a significant improvement six weeks later with the new hearing aids. There's a highly significant difference between the previous and the study hearing aid but we're particularly interested in the size of that effect and the D here is Cohen's D effect size and we can see down here anything that greater than is it greater than 0.8 is a large effect size. For both the new and existing hearing aids use I've got the results here of participation restrictions and fatigue. So for participation restrictions we use the HAIE, the hearing handicap infantry for the elderly and you can see for the new hearing aid users unaided there were significant participation restrictions reported and these reduced enormously, a highly significant reduction in a very large effect size. For the existing hearing aid users with their previous hearing aid there was less of an improvement but this was still highly significant and it was still a large effect size. In terms of fatigue we use the Vanderbilt fatigue scale which is a relatively new outcome measure and we see similar results so unaided our new hearing aid users reporting a lot of fatigue which was much reduced seven weeks later after using the hearing aid and again similar to the participation restrictions we're seeing that of existing hearing aid users there was a reduction in reported fatigue which was still significant and highly significant and still had a large effect size. So we took quite a bit of feedback from patients about what they thought of the app and the hearing aids the app was rated highly was rated four stars out of five and to summarize some of the patient feedback we saw that for about two-thirds of the participants the app met their needs extremely well. The best feature reported was the ability of participants to be able to adjust the hearing aids using the app. This was by far the most important measure and really helped people to improve their listening abilities in lots of different conditions and you can see here that people also reported that the best feature was being able to use their hearing aids in different listening environments. The where the app was reported to be most useful was having a conversation noise with about half of the people reporting that and about a third of the people reporting that the app was most useful and much in television. We asked if people experienced tiredness and about 87% said no and so this supported some of the results that we had from the fatigue questionnaire. So we carried out a couple of focus groups they took about an hour to run and then we transcribed the interviews and we analyzed the results using a deductive thematic analysis based on the combi model of how behaviour change. So for those who are not familiar with the combi there are three different components which impact on behaviour capability and opportunity both impact on motivation and the three impact on the behaviour and behaviour itself the target behaviour can impact on both on capability, motivation and opportunity. So I'm going to go talk through some of the themes from the focus groups first off capability so looking at knowledge and skills and we see by far that the sort of the biggest and the most important thing that came through was around people's ability to be able to adjust and their hearing aids using the app this led to better or increased participation and people felt more confident so this ties in with the feedback that we had previously. One of the things that came through was this idea of experiential learning so the more people use the app the more they were able to learn how to use it best and they're more confident that they became. So typically people use the app a lot more in the beginning and then it's got more used to it so the programmes the use of this tailored app but this idea that people learned what to do came through quite strongly. In terms of complexity of controls some people thought there were too many controls too many things to do other people really liked it this led to the complexity controls led to something called decisional birds when people spend quite a bit of time in the beginning working out what to do and this is something that was supported that could be improved upon. In terms of opportunity the listening context was a theme that came through and this is where people tended to use the app in situations which were much more challenging where they thought it could make a real difference. People reported that there was less stigma the fact that they had smartphones they could show people exactly what they were doing they could see how it could affect their hearing. People felt much more confident about being open and upfront about having their hearing aids. There was an aspect around societal smartphone norms so some people felt a bit awkward about using a smartphone in situations such as a work or if they were out at the pub for example and feeling that you know they were seen to be filling with the phone and they felt a bit uncomfortable about that. In terms of motivation empowerment was came through as a really strong theme from a number of different aspects and there's some quotes here it's great it gives you control it's not of the people running my life it's me and another quote was in a restaurant it meant I didn't have to sit with my back to the wall anymore I could sit where I wanted so there was a strong theme of empowerment and this led to having increased confidence and also reports that it benefited other family members and friends so this idea of self-tuning being able to facilitate feelings of empowerment when people felt more in control which meant that they led to increase confidence and participation and it came through that it was really the ability of people to be able to have the power the ability to self-tune the hearing aids that was really important rather than the technology per se. So one of the things that we'll hear about in future webinars and both Brent and I spoke about in the last couple of webinars is this the slow uptake of mobile technology and health and other teleordiology applications into clinical practice so I've run a number of studies looking at remote technologies and this comes up every time this idea of age and the digital divide so from the patient point of view and it's commonly cited in our hearing studies others people's hearing studies and in studies that are not specific to hearing does this sort of unfound belief that people all the people think their ability to use technology is much much poorer relative to others for example younger people and we see this not only with patients but we also see with the audiologists so you know it's been reported that some audiologists will only recommend smartphone connected hearing aids after they have made a judgment of what they think they would praise some of their patient's technology competencies and quite often audiologists will rule out people as not meeting the criteria of smartphone hearing aids and so people miss out on that opportunity and I know I've seen it myself when I sat in on hearing aid clinics where people who could benefit are not even given the opportunity. In terms of smartphone ownership this comes up all the time the Deloitte study showed that 80 percent of over 55s were smartphone owners a study by Ipsos Morris showed that this figure was 90 percent so we're seeing smartphones being used and being used for lots of different different ways of them just being used as a phone. So this idea of experiential learning this idea of being able to trial in there and learn how best to use the smartphone now really empowers people and I think the message here like this really probably the most important message of the whole presentation is that smartphone hearing aids are not just for the tech savvy we saw that people when they were given the opportunity even if they thought they weren't that technologically able that they could get on with it and they got lots of benefit from their hearing aids by using the app. So there's a real role for audiologists here to support new hearing aids users to help them agree the goals in terms of trialling how they use the smartphone connected hearing aids and to self monitor their use and I think this idea that we really should be giving people an opportunity as default to go and have the hearing aids set up for bluetooth smartphone tech and so so people are able to at least try the hearing aids and not make a judgment about them before they've even got the hearing aids and then of course there are other ways of being able to inform and provide patient education and improve knowledge with programs such as c to here online that I developed a number of years ago and that is freely available on this website. We've also got another version called enter here which is developed for mobile technologies and I'll be talking about these in a later webinar. So to conclude smartphone connected hearing aids get good press they're more cosmetically appealing. We showed that they improved listening and participation and they resulted in less fatigue and less listening effort. Patients felt more empowered by using smartphone connected hearing aids and stigma was reduced. So in terms of benefits of mHealth so these are the these are the benefits that we've seen increasing access empowerment more person-centered approach increased participation the ability to be able to for the use to control their hearing aids and better confidence and self-efficacy, self-management and improvements in knowledge and skills. So what I became quite interested in this idea of empowerment from a study that we published in 2019 and we started reading upon it and we're now doing a study with a WSA audiology with Sarah Gottevich and Kerry Nismetz with Powell and Shirtian taking unit now to look to explore how empowerment in fact manifests itself for adults with hearing aids across the whole of the patient journey. We're using some of the we're using Zimmerman's model of empowerment and actually it's really interesting to see how the five key domains of the empowerment model really reflect a lot of what we've seen in the study I just spoken about in a couple of other remote technology studies. So this is user control, self-efficacy, participation, knowledge and skills so we'll be asking about all of these in a series of interviews that we're carrying out in Denmark, Sweden and Australia over the coming months and one final point about this so this is the ICF framework so we're very much moving away from participation which is where a lot of the research I do sits and moving looking at sort of personal factors, things around empowerment and we're seeing this as some of our other outcomes work. So I'd like to go and thank my colleagues at Nottingham who helped run the study that I spoke about which was funded by Phonak and the audiological science department and the lead working with a number of colleagues on a number of different type of connected health studies that you'll be hearing about over the next coming weeks and finally hearing Australia who were carrying out a number of different type of connected and health studies.


Thank you for the introduction. I'm Ike, I'm going to talk about TinyGo, which is a new Go compiler for embedded systems and Web assembly. I started the project because the main Go compiler wasn't able to do this in a good way. But I'll show a demo first. So let's see. This is the, may recognize this. This is a small, blinky example like you would use on our Arduino, for example. Even if you don't know Go, you probably recognize how it works. It figures an LED, and then in a loop, it turns it on and off. And I can run, wait, flash it to a market controller, using this command. It's compiling and flashing. And probably not visible from behind, but this is the LED blinking. And this is written using Go. So I think that's pretty cool. However, so this is what Arduino does as well, basically. But I think we can go even further by simulating this word, BERT. This is the same program running inside the IDE. And you can see the same LED blinking here. And this is especially useful for small modifications to see what happens, for example, might turn to blink a little bit faster. This just works. I won't go into detail how this exactly works. But basically, it compiles the same program to WebAssembly instead of to a native binary. But it uses the same hardware abstraction layer. So the backend, so to say, of the hardware abstraction layer is talks to the JavaScript in the simulator. But it's the same layer. So the machine package here just talks to WebAssembly instead, to the JavaScript instead of to the real hardware. And I think that can be a very productive way to write software. So for example, here I have a slightly more complicated example. And I wrote this entirely in the simulator. And it's visible here. Just adjusting the brightness and the color speed, et cetera, all in the simulator. And when I run it on the first on the simulator, and this is how I run it on the board itself, it's compiling. And here you see the same program running in, sorry. Oh, there you go. I think this is visible because the LEDs are pretty bright. But this is basically the same program. Well, I discovered the bug in the simulator. But otherwise, it worked on the first try. So I think that's pretty cool. Let's see. That's a demo. So if you don't know Go, it's a programming language designed by Google about 12 years ago, which is actually pretty young for a programming language. Python is 30 years old, and C is probably older than most of you. So it's pretty young. And Google designed it to solve their problems. So it was intended for large servers with many cores. So it was entirely not designed to do this. But I like language. It's quite simple to learn. I started getting into embedded development myself via Arduino, like most people probably. And I really liked being able to control hardware because electronics was a hobby of mine before, but I sort of ignored it because I didn't get any further. But at some point I discovered I could program these electronics using software. And I got very excited. But I really didn't really like the C++ dialect that Arduino uses. It's fine, but not what I like. So when I discovered MicroPython, which is used on the MCH batch, for example, it's written in Python, I basically found a love. I contributed some patches. And I really liked the project. Unfortunately, I also wanted to do LED animations like this. And it's just a little bit too slow for what I wanted to do. So at that point I also discovered Go, as I previously described. And I was like, I mean, how hard can it be? So I just hacked around and see how far it got. And four years later, it's gotten quite far. Most of the Go programming language features already work, like basically all basic features. And so what mainly doesn't work is, for example, parallelism. So you can use multiple threads or multiple cores because most of these chips don't even have a multiple cores. And the Reflect Packages package, which is runtime reflection, like runtime type information, et cetera, which partially works, but it's not complete enough for JSON serialization, for example. But that's something I work on. But because there are small parts that are still missing, large parts of the standard library don't cope out because one dependency of a dependency somewhere doesn't work yet. But otherwise, most of it just works. It's the same language. So my goal is to be compatible with a wider ecosystem. And of course, CGo, which is a way of Go to interact with C code. The main Go compiler has trouble cross-compiling when CGo is in use. However, in TineGo, the main way to use it is by cross-compiling, because the chip here is different than my x86 laptop. So in my opinion, in many cases, it works even better than the normal implementation. Let's see. So I want to just say quickly, I use the word embedded software and microcrawlers somewhat interchangeable, but it's not quite the same. Embedded systems are a bit of a vague category. But basically, the way I describe them is everything that runs code but doesn't look like a computer, which is almost every electronic device nowadays. A more specific category is microcrawlers. And this is just some general properties that most of them have, but there are always exceptions, of course. There are many architectures. There's a wide range of RAM, but it's usually very limited. They are relatively slow. They execute code directly from flash memory instead of loading it into RAM first, like Windows or Linux do, for example. They don't have memory protection usually, and they don't have virtual memory. However, what they do have is a large range of peripherals, which means they have various ways of interacting with other non-programmable chips, for example gyroscopes, or displays, or whatever. Programming, these chips is almost always done in CRC++. There are some exceptions, like the batch, for example. But underneath is also CNC++. Sometimes, other languages are used, like Rust, or maybe even Ada in some cases. But almost always it's CRC++. But how this is done is usually by using silicon vendor provided hardware abstraction layers, which tend to be rather difficult to use. Well, it's not difficult, but not very portable, because you're locked into the system. And well, it's software written by hardware designers, which is not usually of the greatest quality. So yeah, that's one reason why I don't really like using CNC. But there are also other practical reasons. For example, CNC is by default very memory unsafe. According to both research by Microsoft and Google, 70% of their security vulnerabilities were found in memory due to memory and safety. For example, double freeze, or buffer overruns, or things like that. And so that's one reason to not use a language that has this unsafety. Rust, for example, solved this in a very interesting way. Another reason is undefined behavior. Technically, memory and safety is, I guess, also undefined behavior. But there are also integer overflows, for example, and many other things that seem to work, but sometimes that don't. And CNC is often presented as portable. But actually, it isn't really. It's sort of. But all the implementations are slightly different. Integer sizes can differ. Available headers can differ. Yeah, it's a little bit of a mess, but because of the long history of CNC. So that's why I prefer using all the languages. One contender is, of course, Rust. And I think it's a very good language for programming market controllers, especially for safety critical systems. But there are some reasons why you might not want to use it. For example, it has gotten a lot better over the years, but it's still a little bit hard to learn. But for example, you might also have existing Go code you might want to use on a market controller or existing developers that are familiar with Go but not with Rust. So having options is great. But then again, Rust is probably a nice language, just not my language. So that's why I like using a different language. And now I would like to go into a little bit more detail how a tiny Go is structured, because most people probably think of compiler as a big black box, and you put source code in, and an object file comes out in the end. And so it is very complicated when you look at it this way. But like all complicated problems in software engineering, you just split it up into multiple smaller parts that are more easily solvable. So for a tiny Go, for example, I use the Go has some standard library packages which already supports parsing and type checking the language, which is useful. And so what tiny Go basically does is converts this intermediate form that these compilers are structured in layers. And every layer simplifies the code a bit and optimizes them in a way that is appropriate for this layer. And in tiny Go, I use a few packages. For the first part, I use the standard library packages, as I described. And for generating object files, I use LVM, which is a compiler framework. Many well-known compilers are written using LVM. For example, Rust, as I mentioned before, Swift, Clang, and many other compilers are using LVM in the back end. What it does is basically a compiler can generate a language-independent intermediate representation. And LVM will then optimize this language-independent form and generate machine codes in the end. So that takes away lots of the hard work of writing a compiler. So basically, what tiny Go does is only to convert this Go intermediate form into LVM intermediate form, which, for the most part, is pretty simple. But of course, in Go, you can start with Go routines, which are kind of graying threads. And that, of course, LVM doesn't support things like that. So that's basically a runtime call. So this part of the compiler is not too difficult. What is more interesting, probably, is the runtime. The runtime basically does a lot of stuff behind the back. You can see a list here. When a chip like this resets, nothing is initialized yet. Memory has to be initialized. Clocks have to be initialized. Often, the chip has to be set to a higher frequency, stuff like that. So that's the startup code, which is in runtime. And then it calls the main function. As I showed earlier in the code, like this one. And of course, there are many other things, like scheduling.  And the scheduler is there to start them and switch between them and prioritize them, et cetera. And Go has channels, which are, I think, other languages have them, but not frequently used, I think. Erlang. Yeah, probably. Thank you. I think you're correct. So that's one thing that's implemented in the runtime. And garbage collection, of course. Language specification doesn't describe how memory is managed. It just says, this allocates memory. In practice, that means you have to use a garbage collector, like Java or JavaScript or, I believe, Erlang, but I'm sure. And I basically copied the garbage collector from MicroPython, more or less, at least the design. And it's just a few hundred lines, I believe.  But it's also in the runtime and time handling, because every chip has a different way of controlling time. Many have an RTC, a real-time clock, real-time, because at the chip reset, it's set back to zero. But this specific hardware implementation has to be converted back to the time.now and time.sleep in Go. And that's what the runtime does. And of course, all the things like the HashMap implementation, which is, of course, optimized for size instead of for speed, and many other small things that are just a little bit too complicated to do directly in line with our separate functions. Let's see. I think I have some time left. So yeah, that's the runtime. And the runtime is also the, I've used a different, some people have suggested using the existing runtime for more compatibility. However, the goals of TinyGo are so different from normal in Go that I decided to use a different runtime. Because for example, the garbage collector is super simple, which is necessary, because otherwise it's just too large. And for like 16K of RAM, you don't need an advanced garbage collector. And many other things are designed specifically for a small and better system instead of large servers. However, all of my intention with this project is to be entirely compatible with the existing Go ecosystem so that existing code can be reused on microcontrollers or WebAssembly, which is what many people are into, but I'm not really, to be honest. So some people have, for example, suggested strapping some parts from the language to make it smaller, but then you're working compatibility. And that's the whole point of the compiler being compatible with existing code. Otherwise, you might as well just start a new language, write a new language. So yeah, that's mainly my goal. I just want a compiler for existing codes that's but for a very different use case than it was used before. Thank you. Any questions? So yes, we do have time for questions. So please, microphone in the middle of the front. Hi. Compliments on the idea of mapping. Sorry? Compliments on the idea of mapping an advanced language directly to binary code and making it very thin. Two questions or remarks, I don't know, about complexity. First is micro IP. I don't know if you've heard about it, but it used to be a TCP IP stack that fitted in 16 kilobytes. And it was based on coroutines. So you might want to be interested in looking. Sorry, I haven't. Micro IP is a TCP IP stack that fits in 16 kilobytes. It used to be run on micro controllers. And it works through coroutines. To? Coroutines. Coroutines. So you might not look into it. In C or? Yeah. Interesting. Yeah. Maybe you have to move on to the next question. Please, just one question. But you can discuss afterwards. It's useful for the net package, which is not implemented yet. But thank you. I was wondering, you spoke about the intention to support a full-go ecosystem. How do you plan to deal with file system operations or other operations that would deal with an OS that is definitely not present in the embedded world? So the file system, in Go, we have the OS package, which is an abstraction layer over the operating system, of course. And what we've done in TinyGo is, basically, there's a function you can call to set a virtual file system at a certain path. OK, next question. And that's how you can put in some file systems. OK, then next question, please, front micro. Hello. I was wondering, there's the main issue with Go is it's too large to fit into microcontrollers. And therefore, you wrote a new runtime, which is smaller so it can run on microcontrollers. But the language itself, you were just saying you wrote a Go compiler. Couldn't you just use the default compiler instead? Because what are the differences there? I was very curious about that. So I basically tried this. I tried to use GCC Go. GCC also has Go support. And my first attempt was using, and GCC also has a extend support for the batch, for example.  And it did, in fact, work surprisingly. However, I found that the way, so the Go part was not very optimized. It uses all variables. When you call a function, for example, all parameters are passed on the stack. And this wastes a lot of stack space. So it works on the ESP, which is pretty large. But on an AVR, it probably would be very difficult to get working. So I've looked into it, but the accessing design was just not right. OK. Are there any questions on the internet? No? Then next question, please.  Of course, garbage collection can get away with real-time performance, which may be a big problem for an embedded system. Have you taken care of that, for example, by trying to schedule it in downtime while it's waiting just before it goes to sleep doing some garbage collection? I've looked into it a lot, but right now, it doesn't support this. However, what you can do is run the time critical stuff and interrupts. And interrupts are not allowed to allocate memory. So this way, you can just do a garbage collection cycle while an interrupt is running, basically interrupts the cycle with an interrupt. So you can still write interrupt real-time codes and just not use heap allocations in there. So it's possible. OK. And one last really quick question. Thank you. Sorry. Front micro. Work? Yeah, out again. I was also thinking about a system which was also meant for small processors, the Java 2 Micro Edition, which run on the Nokia sensor on. Could you use ideas from there? Because that was also a very small system, which a garbage collector, in case of Java. Sorry, I didn't get that entirely. The question is to what are? Could you use ideas which were used in Java 2 Micro Edition because that was also meant for very small systems? And it ran in Java, which also needs garbage collection. You mean compile Go to the Java bytecorders? And did you take maybe you could steal some ideas, so to speak? I honestly didn't really look into it, but I know there are parts of Java's cats too. Or Java, I don't know. OK, so that's something you can maybe discuss afterwards because time is up. If you have more questions, I'll be back here. And please give a warm round of applause, because that was a great talk.


Hey everyone, let's talk about shoulder pain during push-ups. So push-ups are generally like the friendliest shoulder exercise that you can do, but you know, some people still hurt during them, and it's not necessarily that uncommon, especially if you have a particularly stubborn shoulder. So what's going on here? All principles, the way that I would approach this in my mind, if somebody has shoulder pain, generally I'm thinking, all right, well, it could be something bad, there could be something structural going on, but ultimately the thing that I can affect, and I can affect pretty quickly, is the position of the joints. So if the joint is not moving in the right way, or it's not positioned in a way that will allow the other bone to move, then I can place extra pressure on different parts of the joint.   So I have my socket, I have the ball, and then the arm moves. If the socket does not move, it's supposed to move, but if it can't move for whatever reason, let's not even get into it yet. If it can't move, then the shoulder, the ball inside it, tries to roll even more than it normally would. When it rolls, it also slides inside this thing, because if it just kept rolling, it would roll right out and you'd dislocate every time you tried to move your arm, right? It doesn't work that way, there's some lubrication in there that allows that joint to stay in place. Part of what keeps the joint in place is the softness of the socket. So my shoulder blade stays flexible, and that allows my arm, my humerus, to move a lot. If the shoulder blade is rigid, the arm has to move even more than it normally would, and that's where we start to see excess mobility. We start to see muscles tighten up because they have to over shorten or they have to overwork. They're working to stabilize and to move something, and we're just asking too much of those things. So all of this stuff is what I'm thinking if someone says, you know, my shoulder's kind of bothering me during a push-up. So first and foremost, we want to emphasize moving the shoulder blade, okay? Now I don't want you to focus too much on the shoulder blade yet, because the shoulder blade has something that's even more proximal to it, and that proximal thing, that thing that's closer to the middle of you, the center of your balance, is the ribcage. So the air turn done. So the ribcage is what allows my shoulder blade to move or disallows it to move. If the ribcage is flat, the shoulder blade cannot rotate around it, because the shoulder blade is curved. The ribcage is supposed to be curved with it, so it should be this like hand-on-hand kind of like nice sliding relationship there. So if I lose that, then I can lock up the shoulder blade, and then my shoulder has to move a lot more, and then maybe my shoulder hurts during push-ups. So what do I do about this? I need to restore the position of the ribcage, and that's what we're talking about in this. You might have other problems going on. You might need to talk to a professional. So try to find a physical therapist who considers every part of your body, who is worried about your work stress, because all of that can play into this. And if you find one who doesn't seem to care about that, who does three 30-minute sessions with you every week, you might want to try to find someone else. Anyways, I'm off my soapbox. So we're doing our push-up, we're a ribcage. That's what we're doing. So we need to restore the rounding. Now when I talk a lot, I straighten out and I flatten out my ribcage. I'm emphasizing it here for you so you can see it, but I lose the pliability of it. What happens is my back extends, and my posterior ribcage gets stiffer, and my anterior ribcage also gets stiffer, but it comes up. That was a bad metaphor. But what I'm trying to do here is restore a normal curvature. Okay? I don't want it to be flat like this during all my push-ups, because then I flatten my ribcage, right? I'm not just flattening the upper back, I'm flattening the ribcage, and then if I'm flattening the ribcage, what class? My shoulder blade can't rotate. That's right class. Good job. So we have to first and foremost make sure that you can do a plank with a good spinal position. So it looks like this, right? And then I'm going to force all of the air out. And as I do that, it becomes harder to talk, but I can feel my abs turn on, and when I say abs, I mean these outer lower abs, I can feel those abs turn on. And then I'm going to try to hang on to that while I breathe in. And then if I'm watching it on video, I can see my upper back expand. It kind of comes up towards the ceiling. Those are all good things. And as I exhale, my stomach draws up towards my back. My back comes up towards the ceiling. I like that. Notice when I take my inhale, I'm not doing this, because that's not going to do it. That doesn't teach my back to relax. I need to inhale into my back, because that's the only way that I can enforce it to be relaxed. Okay, that is really hard for some people. It's really hard for me sometimes, especially if I don't sleep very well. What I want you to do is go through a couple of things, and we're going to have a step-wise way of looking at this. So as you're getting this position, one, I like to teach it with a little bit of a rock back here. So what this does is it uses your legs to help you exhale, help you get all of that air out. And then from there, I got to make sure I'm not doing this, right? It's not a crunch, because that keeps this really flat. And then I don't get that around this so that my what class, my shoulder blade can rotate around everything. So from here, it's not a crunch, it's just a general rounding. So that's the first thing I wanted to say. I use the rock back. I like the rock back. Second thing I want to say is it's more important initial stages just to practice exhaling all the way. So I can, you know, it's a position that you're not used to getting into. So you have to get used to getting into it. So I'm just here and I say, okay, blow all the air out. Good. Do you feel your abs? No, not really. Okay. Try again. Try to blow even more air out this time. And that's what it looks like. Eventually that gets easier and gets easier to blow all the air out. You might notice your voice gets deeper. And from there, after you focus on blowing all the air out, then you can focus on holding your abs as you exhale. So I hold the abs or I hold the exhale and then I find the abs. Yeah. I feel them. Do you feel the inner ones or do you feel the outer lower ones? If you feel the inner ones, I'm guessing you're crunching like this, like we talked about before. If you feel the outer lower ones, then I'm guessing that you're actually getting the ribs down. You see the inner ab muscles here, they pull the sternum down, but they don't pull the ribs down with them. The ribs stay up then. And then the back stays flat. And then the shoulder blades have nowhere to rotate. Okay. So this is very important. This is complicated. It's very easy to cheat on this. So we have to be able to do all that. So I'm rocking back. I'm exhaling all the way. I'm tucking my hips and that helps me find my abs. And there is a good setup right there. If I can do this and if I can hang onto my abs while I inhale, then I can be reasonably certain that I have a good ribcage position and that I'm going to have good shoulder mobility during my pushups. Okay. So that's what I want you to focus on. I want you to focus on getting all the air out. I want you to focus on finding and feeling these things even while you inhale. And once you get that rock back position, once you can do that, then you start to bring your knees away. Do a plank. You can do one on your elbows like this. And then you can try one on your hands like this. And then you can try one on one hand like this. Step by step by step, progressions until you say, you know what, I feel like I really got my abs. I feel like I can do my pushup. Okay. Oh, wow. That feels great. Okay. So sometimes it doesn't work that way. Sometimes that's not enough. Sometimes you need something a little bit more focal, but I think this is a good place for you to start. And that's why I've made this long video about all these details because it's really easy to mess this up. Okay. Good luck. Try to find a physical therapist that we can all respect and that you will thank for the rest of your life. If you need help, leave a comment below. Maybe I know someone.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasewrakes.com doing another random number block randomizer RMB for the Pelicans so on and so forth for that group of teams right there works just like it says in the description and That only applies to those teams only in picker team number five They think to this group there are the numbers right there. Thanks to the numbers. Let's roll it. Let's rando it one and a three four times for each list one two three And once more right and fourth and final time We got Joe down to Matthew One and a three four times for the numbers one two three and four After four we got four on top down to eight All right, Joe with the number four Matthew with one Kurt with nine Matthew with five Paul with six Matthew with two Paul with zero once again zero gets you any and all redemptions including one-of-one redemptions for that group of teams and That tab down the bottom. We can see my mouse cursor Matthew including one-of-one redemptions, but Matthew you'll still get live one of ones You also have seven Eric with three and Matthew Shira with eight sort numerically coming up in a separate video will be the break itself we'll see you for that


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