नोलेज मैंज मेड्वेद है क्या? इसको समजने के लिए हमें सकी देफनीशियास को दिकना पड़ेगा. और देफनीशियेस के जब हम भाथ करते हैं, तो बहुत सावी देफनीशियन समारे सामने आई। अगर दी्यखा जाए देखा जा इसकंश्प्टियों भी वोगगे से आप दिखा था औगर दीखा जाय है यह डिखा जाए। तो वोगगगे सा जो देखा जाय मच्दम तो ञे च मिट्शारे हैदे एंगर जाए. उएक अग्ट निज़न्गे लीवेड नहीं डवाये और ये अगा टमसे कारब प्रह lea yagya yagar paade ka kutha raayeya aur upne apne apne कोई सम्य काम की है और आपने अपने प्रश्पक्तिव से आपने अपने जावियय या अंगल से इस को दीफाएन की है तो आज में आपके सामने कुई स्थ देफिनेश्यों ज़े ज़े लीग ती हैं उसे हमें आदीय होगा किस पर स्प्पक्तिव से न्च्लीज्ट थब न्डूज मैनिज्बित्ती भंदstonesने अस्चारट देब MRIचाज़। तो आई येग देखतें येग देच्टिन्चिन न्च्लीचच लेईआन्च्लीच्कि फ्रों बिसनोस सायस से तो बिस्नोस मैनिज्बित्ती पाईते बूँच्ढे कौझ टीर, कु़ा कोभः भाशुतववग बॆप Ne mile j lo married, lest alias aaliasäelsa कम jewel, कुशी मंवार, कुशीव कबॉ उईमदो, कुशी मंदो, अग्धरा्ष्या के जाल। anaocka rac Angry phenomenal, agyaog voice for value ve allowing कुशी सब वूऽ मंचजाम। an expression problem of match जसाम। af filakta ch chya yardasar between and organizations, intellectual assets, both explicit means recorded and tacit means personal know-how and positive business results in this definition you have seen that intellectual assets are given how a business organization works on their intellectual assets whether it is tacit or explicit so next definition let's see knowledge management is the process by which we manage human centered assets the function of knowledge management is to guard and grow knowledge owned by individuals and where possible transfer the asset into a form where it can be more readily shared by other employees in the company so this definition we are telling that it is a human capital a human knowledge it has a focus to somehow connect it and share it with other employees after this there is another definition the knowledge management focus is on obtaining and synthesizing intellectual capital to maximize decision making and innovation across diverse functions and disparate locations thus enabling the clients to become high performance businesses and governments far more than a cluster of simple processes the knowledge management program is also about developing and rewarding our culture of knowledge sharing encouraging collaboration among their people to problem solve and build capabilities regardless of their location so this definition we are telling that how a business firm human capital and human asset collect how to use it problem solving and innovation and how to share it with other employees or clients similarly if we talk about knowledge then it is defined as intellectual assets perspective so this definition knowledge management develops systems and processes to acquire and share intellectual assets it increases the generation of useful actionable and meaningful information and seeks to increase both individual and team learning in addition it can maximize the value of an organization's intellectual base across diverse functions to create locations knowledge management maintains that successful businesses are a collection not of products but of distinctive knowledge bases this intellectual capital is the key that will give the company a competitive advantage with its targeted customers knowledge management seeks to accumulate intellectual capital that will create unique core competencies and lead to superior results in this definition there are many aspects to collect human knowledge to use it in decision making and through it to gain a competitive edge to gain an advantage on other companies there is another definition cognitive science perspective in this knowledge the insights understandings and practical know-how that we all possess is a fundamental resource that allows us to function intelligently over time considerable knowledge is also transformed to other manifestations such as books technology practices within organizations of all kinds and in society in general these transformations result in accumulated expertise and when used appropriately increased effectiveness knowledge is one if not the principle factor that makes personal organizational and societal intelligent behavior this definition teaches us how to use knowledge or information intelligently to gain an advantage this definition from process or technology perspective knowledge management is the concept under which information is turned into actionable knowledge and made available effortlessly in a usable form to the people who can apply it this definition has the tools for techniques and strategies to retain analyze organize, improve and share business expertise these two definitions tell us how knowledge of any company of any business firm through process we use it and overall for society and for any firm as an example there are two other definitions a systematic approach to manage the use of information in order to provide a continuous flow of knowledge to the right people at the right time enabling efficient and effective decision making in their everyday business or a core definition has the creation and subsequent management of an environment that encourages knowledge to be created shared learned, enhanced organized and utilized for the benefit of the organization and its customers how knowledge is used through different processes it is brought into a useful form and it is done for the company


And now our President, Paula Tinibu, met with King Charles III of England at the COP28 climate summit in Dubai. The 75-year-old monarch, who is also the head of the Commonwealth and a climate advocate, expressed his productive engagement with the President. He emphasized the meeting as a significant step in strengthening the partnership between Nigeria and the UK, and expressed optimism about the positive impact the joint efforts will have on the planet's future and setting an equitable global standard for environmental stewardship at COP28.


This is your tomorrow space news for February 6th 2019. Now there is no space traffic report this week so let's just jump straight into it and we're going to begin with a whole bunch of rocket engine tests. First up we had the second test firing of a P120C solid rocket motor from the Ariane group on January 28th. This new motor is slated for use on the upcoming Ariane 6 and Vegas C first stage. The test lasted 135 seconds and was done in their Karoo French Guiana test site. This is the largest monolithic carbon fiber solid rocket motor in the world and it has over 142 tons of solid propellant. Then a day later on January 29th Firefly Aerospace came out with this awesome video of what appears to be their lightning one engine. Now if you're thinking to yourself hey I thought firefly went bankrupt you'd be basically correct. Firefly Space Systems did indeed close down all work in December of 2016 but was later acquired and turned into Firefly Aerospace. Now this phoenix of a space company is skipping their original smaller alpha one launch vehicle and moving straight into their alpha two. Firefly has recently shown not only these awesome engine tests but also a COPV or carbon overlay pressure vessel burst test and vehicle tankage so they're bending metal and making fire again. Firefly Aerospace also recently won one of the commercial lunar payload services contracts from NASA. It's currently about 140 employees strong and they're hiring. On January 31st Rocket Lab performed a static fire of their nine Rutherford engines. This is in preparation for the R3D2 or radio frequency disc reduction deployment demonstration mission for DARPA. This mission is to test a prototype antenna to test improvements for radio communications on small sats. The antenna can be compacted into a very small space allowing volume limited launches to still provide great radio communications or that's the hope at least. We'll find out more when the Electron Rocket launches R3D2 slated sometime in February. And finally on February 3rd Elon Musk tweeted several videos of SpaceX's new Raptor engine. This was the first test of a full-scale engine and it only lasted a couple of seconds but it was gorgeous. SpaceX posted on Instagram that the engine chamber pressure reached 170 bar that's about 170 times the pressure at sea level. It had 116 metric tons of force and all of that at 60% power. You may have noticed a green tinge at startup which is typical for SpaceX engines but this one's a bit different. Typically that green startup flares from a chemical reaction of something called t-tab or triethyl aluminum triethyl boron and when it comes in contact with oxygen it ignites and it ignites green. However Raptor doesn't use t-tab like the current SpaceX Merlin engines it uses methalox torch igniters so there shouldn't have been a green flare. Elon tweeted that the green tinge was likely a camera saturation issue or copper from the chamber. It was still beautiful nonetheless. Over the past week India reached a milestone in their human spaceflight program. Did you know that India has quietly been developing their own human spaceflight crew capsule and on a shoestring budget? This is for real and they've done lots of studies and tests to see if they can even pull this off and for many years they didn't officially have a spaceflight program. During the time when their program wasn't official they've already launched two test payloads to gain experience with reentry heat shield technology and there was a really big test last year of their launch abort system so that the capsule will be pulled away from a malfunctioning rocket just in case and once that test was successful the government of India officially launched their human spaceflight program with the goal of an operational three person crew capsule flying in space by 2022. The capsule is called Gaganyan and the crew that rides it will be called Vyominats. The milestone that India recently met was opening their human spaceflight center the Indian equivalent of NASA's Johnson spaceflight center. India's human spaceflight center will be responsible for implementing the Gaganyan project which involves end-to-end mission planning, development of engineering systems for crew survival in space, crew selection and training and also pursuing activities for sustained human spaceflight missions. India won't be alone in this effort either. They've already teamed up with the French space agency CNES for their medical expertise and the Russian space agency Roscosmos to have additional training for Vyominats in Russia and to help India select their Vyominats. With these developments India looks to be on track to be the fourth nation in history to send people into space and in just a few years. Now one thing that may hold their launches back and all launches in general is solar weather and tomorrow is proud to introduce you to Dr. Tamisa Scove who's bringing us our weekly space weather report. Space weather this week has definitely quieted down from the large solar storm that brought Aurora to many parts of the world including Germany and down to the United States. If we flip to the front side sun you can see that massive coral hole that rotated through the Earth strike zone sending us some fast solar wind and that solar storm but it is now beginning to wane and over the next couple days we should only see a roar around high latitudes. Now we also have that bright region on the Earth facing sun on the east limb. Now if we flip to the back side of the sun you can still see that region rotating off to stereo's uh west limb view. That's about all we have that's going on on the back side. After that it's pretty quiet so that means there's probably not going to be a lot of activity over the next week. Switching to our moon this week we are passing through the new moon phase so you dark sky watchers should be happy and even as we reach the ninth the moon will still only be about 15% illuminated but you have to check your local rise and set times. And now for our Leo-Mio-Geo orbit outlook. We just had that solar storm that has definitely enhanced the radiation belts. You can see the outer zone being enhanced just outside of the Mio orbit and that is affecting spacecraft charging especially at Mio and Geo orbits. Taking a closer look at our Geo charging environment you can see we do have a slight risk for surface charging but it's isolated mostly in the post midnight sector but the real issue is internal charging and that's due to the solar storm folks. The solar storm has a tendency to pump up that outer zone and cause some issues and you can see the internal charging risk isn't pretty much all local times and unfortunately it's probably going to get worse before it gets better until that solar storm completely moves out so you Geo satellite operators you may expect a few more anomalies before all this is over. For more space weather details including ground effects like issues with your GPS or when and where you can see Aurora check out my channel or come visit space weatherwoman.com. Earth is protected from space weather by a magnetic field and our atmosphere also protects us from most celestial objects but the moon not so much. Recently two surprises from our closest celestial neighbor have appeared figuring out the rate at which asteroids hit the earth has long been desired so we have a solid understanding of just how important planetary defense is and a team from the University of Toronto has determined this rate and compared it to the rate in the solar systems past and the news is not good impacts occur at a frequency two to three times more than they did 290 million years ago. Radiometric dating of rocks on earth helps but the moon doesn't have active geology nor does it have erosion from wind or water so it's the perfect laboratory to figure this out. NASA's lunar reconnaissance orbiter has an instrument called a radiometer this takes accurate measurements of just how much heat is leaving the moon's surface during the lunar night and rocks they radiate more heat than the fine powdered regolith and this was used to date the ages of craters. You can also look at the number of total craters as well to determine their age. A young crater is devoid of smaller craters inside of it but older craters have more craters inside of them. This is the natural equivalent of yo moon we heard you like craters so we put some craters in your craters. Compared to the known craters on the earth dating back as far as 650 million years ago they found that the rate of impacts increased about 290 million years ago so what caused this well likely several large collisions occurred between objects in the asteroid belt this ended up scattering debris into the inner solar system so get your cosmic hard hats on it's going to be a bit dodgy for the next few hundred million years but that's not the only thing the moon is telling us we may have actually found a little bit of ancient earth on the moon and just so happened to bring it home. Meet Big Bertha this was the largest rock sample brought home by Apollo 14 but Big Bertha almost didn't make it to the earth now Apollo 14 was commanded by the first American in space Alan Shepard and with the crew including fellow moonwalker Edgar Mitchell and Stuart Rusa who would stay on board of the command service module to keep it tidy but it was fraught with problems docking between the command module and the lunar module was problematic and nearly didn't occur then a landing radar glitch with the lunar module during descent to land on the moon's surface almost caused a landing abort to be called but they ended up landing in the frau mora formation this is where Apollo 13 was originally planned to land and Shepard and Mitchell collected about 43 kilograms of lunar rocks in regolith now Big Bertha was one of those samples and recent analyses conducted by an international team at Curtin University in Australia found that it contained granite a highly unusual type of rock to find on the moon now in addition it also contained quartz even more unusual to find on the moon and if that wasn't enough to make this sample bizarre its chemical fingerprints show that its formation was rife with water and oxygen and these are things that the moon lacks so what's the simplest explanation well it's a rock from earth and it got blasted into space by an impact roughly four billion years ago during the period of heavy bombardment and then itself impacted into the moon only for billions of years later to be picked up and brought back home speaking of the moon i heard space isle is about to send a lander there yeah absolutely and it's going to take about two and a half months after launch for that lander to reach luna and to start that journey it's going to be riding along as a secondary payload on the next spacex falcon nine flight out of Cape Canaveral and the really cool thing is space isle will then be the first non-government entity to land something on the moon originally a google lunar x prize competitor the lander has been in development since 2011 it was previously known as sparrow but is now called bearish heat which is Hebrew for genesis it was recently announced that the final part of the lander has been installed and will soon be ready for flight now that last piece to get installed a data-based time capsule on this time capsule is a series of digital files containing details about the spacecraft and the engineers who built it national symbols cultural objects dictionaries and 27 different languages and encyclopedias israeli songs landscaping leading figure photos and a children's book inspired by the space isle mission itself in addition to the time capsule the mission also includes a scientific mission it'll have a lunar magnometer or lmag this instrument will measure the moon's magnetic field during orbit descent landing and during the entire mission on the surface there's also planned 500 meter hop in which the instrumentation will remain active taking measurements all of these different steps will give scientists magnetic data from the moon at different locations and times to help better understand the electrical property of luna's interior remember unlike the earth our moon has no spinning core to create a magnetic field so where did these fields come from did it once have a spinning core or did these fields come from impact events like what jared was talking about hopefully this lander will help us find out and as always researching this story i got to thinking that digital time capsule how are they doing that what are they storing that on and how are they going to prevent cosmic radiation from just destroying it after a few years turns out that space isle will be flying an arc unit from the arc mission foundation that's arch but pronounced arc if that sounds vaguely familiar it's because they launched the first of their solar library on the falcon heavy demonstration mission using this same technology the arc disks are projected to last five billion years on the lunar surface and are said to be the longest lasting storage devices ever created by humans the first space base arc is now in its uh roadster mars orbit maybe that's known as a tesla orbit now i'm not i'm not sure but it's sitting next to star man this is the next arc which is then going to be placed of course on the moon the eventual goal is to create an encyclopedia galactica so to speak that contains all of the knowledge gathered by humanity they'll then spread these disks among our solar system to build the largest most resilient and most complete offsite backup of human knowledge ever created and you can look forward to all of that launching the middle of this month that's our news this week and we look forward to continuing the conversation with you this weekend during our live show unfortunately due to scheduling conflicts we needed to move our interview with lana de win the deputy head administrator for asgardia to this coming saturday february 9th at 1800 universal time if you didn't know asgardia is the first space base nation and they even have a flying satellite if you have questions make sure to leave them here in the comments below and we'll pull those forward to our upcoming show and if you like these shows like this one or our live shows or sign shows please consider contributing to our patreon campaign head over to patreon.com slash tmro to see rewards goals we got a lot of great stuff coming out in 2019 and your support helps us make all this happen thank you to everyone for helping make space news a thing uh and one last note before we go uh a quick vote actually i want to know what you thought of the graphic elements that we brought into this particular show specifically the space weather graphic element we've also got one that looks like this which is for space traffic when we actually have launches or departing spacecraft from the space station or maybe a sample return mission do we like these or do we think they're a little too cheesy and over the top uh what do you which do you prefer should we get rid of them and just go back to straight cuts or should we leave the effects in their vote right up over here let me know what you think love them or hate them also if you're an after effects designer and wouldn't mind helping us out with those a little bit we actually want to get rid of the circle around our logo these were just kind of pre-made effects that were on a marketplace but when i get rid of the circle the transition doesn't work quite right we need to build a different map for that so if you're an after effects designer and wouldn't mind helping us out shoot me an email benjamin at tmro.tv hopefully it's not too hard uh but it is uh a little bit above my skill level inside of after effects uh anyhow thank you guys all so much for watching and we look forward to talking to you tomorrow


Thank you very much, Amara, for inviting me, and it's lovely to have some of Winifred's family here this afternoon as well. Winifred Land was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries on 25 February 1932. The blue paper is over on the table there, but the reason was she's devoted to the study of classical antiquities and prehistoric archaeology of Greek lands. She conducted excavations at Thermion Lesbos and made journeys of exploration in Greece, so that's the reason she was elected. Her first recorded visit to this very room was in December 1922 to hear the director of the British School at Athens speak about the work at Mycini. Winifred confided to her diary, good lecture but badly delivered, so I feel I'm a little bit in Winifred's shadow at the moment. She was born in November 1894 at Holly Lodge, Camden Hill, the former home of Lord Macaulay. Her father Edmund was a cwleriona and racehorse trainer, and her mother Mabel was from the Winkworth family of Manchester Cotton Mill owners. Catherine Winkworth, the hyn translator may be known to some of you, she's a relation. Winifred was educated at home before being admitted to Newnham College Cambridge in 1913 to read classics, and one of her contemporaries was Dorothy Garrett. Winifred was influenced at Cambridge by Jane Harrison and Abie Cook, but unlike her male contemporaries, her interest in prehistory was not fostered by Sir William Ridgway as he banned her from his lectures. Not because she was a woman as sometimes has been suggested, but because she was a member of the Union of Democratic Control. As the daughter of an MP she was considered trustworthy, sorry that was my cheap joke, she was invited to join Room 14, the Naval Intelligence Department at the Admiralty, and joined a group of talented individuals who were working on deciphering German naval codes. Among her contemporaries were the Knox Brothers, as well as the future Lincoln Professor of Classical Archaeology, John Beasley. Indeed, Winifred's diaries revealed that she frequently joined Beasley in attending sales, and they presented an attic black-figured amphora to the Ashmolean Museum, the one on the right of the screen, the one on the left Winifred bought and then presented to the Fitzwilliam herself. At one of these wartime sales, Winifred was introduced to Sidney Cockrell, director of the Fitzwilliam Museum, and she was invited to work in a voluntary capacity on the labels for the antiquities galleries. This in turn led to the invitation to be honorary keeper of Greek antiquities at the Fitzwilliam, an unpaid post that she held for nearly 40 years. Winifred's election as a fellow of the society reflected the role she developed in Greece following the First World War. In the autumn of 1920 she was admitted as a student of the British School of Athens, here is the director's house, and there were other women were admitted at the same time. This is a tweet from the British School of Athens, with Winifred in the middle, flanked by Mae Hurford, and on the right Lillian Chandler. She sent regular letters home, and this is a sketch from one of the letters home to her mother showing the keeper Kayopi of the British School on the right, greeting a party of students including Mae Hurford and Chandler coming along and notice the tennis rackets as a freeze along the bottom. The women at the British School of Athens had regular walks round Attica, and there's a particularly poignant moment when they stood on the Soros, the Great Mound, at Marathon on Armistice Day 1920. The battlefield of Marathon we saw rather early. It was grey, a rather cold day, and the Soros was extraordinarily impressive. One wanted to be able to take off one's hat like a man. Hurford had lost her mountaineering brother Siegfried, and Winifred five cousins during the course of the First World War. Later in the academic year, the British School was to unveil its memorial to former students who'd been killed in the conflict. Winifred has assigned a topic for her year related to the frescoes from Mycini, here are some of the watercolours that were done for the publication. In May 1921, she joined the British School team excavating at Mycini under the direction of Alan Wace and Carl Blagan of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. This was a major change in British practice as women had not been encouraged to join excavations. Indeed, JP Drup's newly published Cambridge University Press handbook of Archaeological Excavations 1915 drew attention to the perceived difficulties of allowing women to join a dig. Hurford was amused by what she called Drup's Seventh. It was named after the concluding chapter of his book, which was seen as a high-spirited and energetic even if well-mannered attack on the presence of women or rather ladies at a dig. Drup's discomfort appears to have been prompted by the presence of Dorothy Lamb, no relation, but another new-num classicist with whom Drup had worked on the British School excavation at Philocopie on the island of Melos. At Mycini, Winifred was put in principle charge of the excavation of the palace, finding further fragments of the frescoes. So here's the palace and the terrace system and here's the plan that came out of her excavations with some of the frescoes that actually fitted finds that had been made at the site by Zuntas and Schleeman. In June 1923, the British School at Athens made a decision to stop the work at Mycini and to return to the historical site of Sparta, where work had been conducted prior to the First World War. The results at Mycini have exceeded all expectations. The managing committee of the school feel that the time has now come for taking up a site with more classical associations and Sparta, the largest and most important site in Greece yet undertaken by British excavators, naturally suggested itself as offering the opportunity of obtaining further information on the history and art of this famous city. The new director, Arthur Woodward, had worked at Sparta in the previous campaign under Richard M Dawkins. Percy Gardner, the then Lincoln Professor in Oxford, stressed the importance of Sparta. When we consider what Sparta stood for in the ancient world as the great nurse of military discipline, manly virtue and frugal sacrifice in the interest of one's country, we shall feel that the opportunity becomes a privilege and an honour. The renewed focus was to be on the theatre, shown here on the right, and this aspect was of particular interest to Gardner following his brother's controversial study of the theatre at Megalopolis. Winifred joined the excavation in the spring of 1924, working alongside Margaret Hobbling of Somerville Oxford, the co-director of the excavations. Two other women were part of the team, Ursula Hunt of Bedford College, who was working on the inscriptions and Elaine Tankard, one of Dropes students from Liverpool, who was preparing the illustrations. Winifred found the arrangements unsatisfactory and indicated she was going to leave, but Woodward assigned her to a new area of excavations on the Acropolis. This was a turning point and she confided to her mother. I've learned enough to run a dig of my own, in fact many sorts of digs, including the kinds not illustrated at Mycenae. I've enjoyed unearthing archaic objects of great charm and beauty. She was invited to publish the small bronzers from the excavations here as selection. Then this work was conducted alongside the preparation for her volume, Greek and Roman bronzers, as well as the development of the collection of Greek and Etruscan bronzers in the Fitzwilliam. This is one of the bronzers she purchased in 1933 on the Athens market. Members of the British School had been involved in the recording of archaeological remains during the campaign in Macedonia during the First World War. Walter Hurtley, who had himself served with the East Lancashire Regiment in Macedonia, worked with Winifred at Mycenae and had then in turn invited her to join his excavations in Macedonia in the early spring of 1925. Winifred was in charge of surveying. The conditions were harsh and Winifred commented wriely. I am no colder in bed than I have often been at Cambridge, less so in fact because I take off very little and put on lots more. She later joined Hurtley for his excavation at Saratze in the spring of 1929. This is actually Winifred's plan of that site. But she then started to look for her own excavation. She conducted a test excavation at Methimna on the island of Lesvos in the autumn of 1928, but there was little stratigraphy and the site was abandoned. This is one of the finds from that excavation at Methimna now in the Fitzwilliam, a bit of Roman 2nd century pottery. But she walked large parts of Lesvos with her contemporary Richard Hutchinson if you want to see his signature it's on her blue paper and they were looking for a prehistoric site. They came to the site of Thermi, which is that up here on the east coast. Let me just read from her diary. Then the weather broke. Next day, torrents of rain, we took the post bus to a place called Thermi, the last possible place where there was a river, a great bay and other things associated with prehistoric settlements. The rain was clearing and when we got out of the car we looked to the coast and I said it does look rather like a little mound but perhaps it's natural and the square in other words Hutchinson said it isn't much smaller than the one at Merly so we went to the place indicated it was at the edge of the sea and we walked at the water's edge because there was a section cut by the sea. Yes, a few pot sherds indefinite so it must have been inhabited. What about this sherd rather early surely and that handmade then the plums began to show in the slice of cake and it goes on in that vein. The formal excavations were started in April 1929 and continued to 1933. Her excavation team included two women Nina Six from Amsterdam and Jean Mitchell from Nuno who was in charge of making the plans for the site. One of the men William Cuddle of Downing had excavated with Winifred at Sparta and in Macedonia. Lesvos at this time was faced with overcrowding from refugees who'd fled from Anatolia following the destruction of Smyrna and Winifred employed refugees as part of her workforce to clear the site. The dig was not without drama. On Friday we had a dramatic arrest on the dig. My oldest and most obstinate workman, a delightful rascal called Mihali. The policeman rifle in one hand and a spray of flowers in the other came up to ask me if I would mind his arresting M. The squire and I agreed that the police would find that they'd bitten off more than they could chew and sure enough that afternoon M re-appeared for a pleased with himself and more willful than ever. The final excavation report published by Cambridge University Press appeared in 1936 just two years after the final study season. Alan Ways, Winifred's colleague from Mycini, reviewed Lamb's excavation report in the TLS. The excavation itself was conducted on strict scientific principles and Ms Lamb and her helpers are to be congratulated on the archaeological asceticism which has enabled her to publish this unprejudiced record of the objects as they were found. All possible details were observed and properly recorded and it may be said at once that the work was done as well as it could be done. Winifred started to reflect on what she had achieved on Lesbos. Nearly 5,000 years ago, adventurous colonists from the Anatolian mainland crossed the narrow straits and built their a town which it was my business to excavate. Its narrow streets, its primitive houses with their halves and cooking utensils and other relics of an intense and busy life were uncovered by the picks and shovels of workmen from Thermi and the neighborhood. Thus we became well acquainted and various small dramas enlivened their days and mine played against a background of prehistory. Before many weeks had passed, I realized that while those long dead townsfolk kept my head busy, the modern villagers intensely alive had found a place in my heart. She then turned to the island of Chios and in 1934 excavated the sanctuary of Apollofanios Acatofana, a site excavated at the start of the First World War. Winifred loved the work there. This is the coolest and most private camp I have had under olives with oleander close by, a north wind blowing, cool and rather invigorating. The political situation in Greece and specifically the islands in 1935 meant that it was difficult to continue the work there. In April of that year, she turned her attention to the uplands of western Anatolia looking for a site to excavate. Turkey was being transformed by Kamal Ataturk and Winifred was following in the footsteps of other pioneering women, Gertrude Bell and two former Newnham students, Margaret Hardy and Dorothy Lam. Moreover, the American Hetty Goldman and a team of largely women excavators were operating in Cilicia. Winifred rose to the challenge. She wrote home, I'm so happy. Turkey is the land of my dreams. I must transfer all my activities here. It's vast, unexplored, with all the joys one used to have in Greece before Greece was spoiled. I get on very well with the Turks. It's marvellous to have archaeology of the type I excel in. Winifred selected the site of Cassura for her excavations with two main seasons in 36 and 37. Here's the site up here. Among her team was her colleague from Thermi, Nina Six and also Rachel Clay. Later, of course, Rachel Maxwell Hislop. Of course, we've just heard about her working at Maiden Castle. A report on the excavation was presented at the antiquaries in February 1937. During the excavation, Winifred wrote a fictional short story, The Inspector interferes, in which she presented herself as the thinly disguised Miss Nancy Wood. She talks about Mustafa, the government inspector, who makes a comment on the role of women in Turkey. A few feet away, Sultan, the girl who washed the potsherds, squatted in the dry grass, waiting for the next basket, which was due as soon as the workmen should have finished digging the exciting Ashish stratum in a neighbouring test pit. Modern progress said Mustafa to himself, as unfortunately not yet reached our peasant women. But actually it had touched Sultan's feet, which were encased in large men's shoes from Czechoslovakia, whereas her body was still dressed in the traditional Turkish manner and her hair was very unprogressive indeed. The excavations made Winifred an authority on Anatolian archaeology. During the Second World War, she worked for the BBC on Turkish language broadcasts and monitoring one of the key elements in keeping Turkey at best neutral. She was able to comment. It is evident that the BBC Turkish service is very widely listened to and that it has considerable influence as a source of information. Moreover, it's greatly preferred by Turks to the Turkish service from Zesun and is incomparably more popular than that from Rome. In October 1944, sorry I should have put this up for Cassura, Rachel Maxwell Hislop is sitting here on the right and here is Winifred with her Turkish team. In October 1944, Winifred was badly injured when a V1 rocket hit her lodgings. At the end of the war, she worked alongside John Garstang to set up the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, originally to be named the Anglo-Turkish Institute of Archaeology, and she served on its committee as its honorary secretary until 1957. What were Winifred's legacies? First, was the encouragement of other women in joining archaeological excavations. Among them was Emily Hasples from the University of Utrecht, Nina Six from Amsterdam, Rachel Maxwell Hislop and various women from Newnham College. Secondly, there was the establishment of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara after the Second World War that drew on Winifred's work with the Turkish language section of the BBC. And third, the significant development of the Greek collection at the Fitzwilliam Museum. Winifred transformed the collections by her strategic acquisitions, notably in Greek bronzes and Athenian figure-decorated pottery. Any of these three areas made her worthy of election as a fellow of this society. Thank you.


Hey friends today, we are hanging out at Epcot. I wanted to come out and try some more of the festival of the holiday offerings Walk around World Showcase ride some rides eat some food and enjoy a beautiful afternoon at Epcot Anywho's let's go do this Something new they started doing here at Epcot is the Super Zoom photo pass Opportunity where they actually take a photo of you from like way up there and it zooms in Revealing all of Spaceship Earth and I said next time I come here. I wanted to do it and today seems like the day Isn't that a really neat photo pass photo? I love it They do it over at the Magic Kingdom with Cinderella Castle and now they're doing it over here at Spaceship Earth And I'm so excited. I got to do it finally Today is December 13th. So let's check out the wait times before we start our day It looks like frozen ever after is 120 minute wait Test Track is 65 minutes. I think it actually just went up five minutes as we are staring at it virtual queues for Remy's Ratatouille are closed for the day and Soaring around the world is 90 minutes. So it looks like it's a very busy day at Epcot today I always like to start off my day by checking the wait times and kind of getting a feel of the park And today that feel is super busy, especially with like frozen ever after being 120 minute wait And soaring being 90 minutes. There are no individual lightning lanes to purchase. They're all sold out for the day So instead I think we're gonna ride some figment and then head over to world showcase And eat some food and check out some of the festival the holiday shows I know there's a couple of sanas that I actually want to see that I haven't seen before And just like I said enjoy a wonderful little Epcot evening As I'm making my way over to figment though I wanted to stop and see santa santa poo. Hi santa poo. I like your red shirt. We match. It looks good. It looks good on you Thank you. Yeah, fancy that is awesome Too good I love seeing characters all dressed up in like christmas outfits and speaking of that We're gonna go ride journey into imagination where figment has this christmas sweater on I haven't got to see him all year yet. I haven't been able to come back out to Epcot since the festival of the holiday started So I want to see him in his little christmas sweater He's always so adorable and we can always rely on figment for having a kind of low wait time not like 90 minutes or 120 minutes Take a look at that 20 minutes. Probably not going to be 20 minutes though. It might be maybe 10 minutes They're also playing christmas music over here, which is really awesome One of the things I've always been excited to try to find was buzz light year inside Journey into imagination with figment and I know he's in here somewhere, but I don't know where to look So we're gonna have to try to spot him out Oh, there he is right there. Holy moly. I'm gonna try to zoom in for you guys Right there he is isn't that so awesome. We've got a little buzz light year figure right there Isn't that so cool I love the fact that they use buzz kind of like as an easter egg over in california adventure You can actually see them underneath one of the cones and I like the fact that buzz light year is here in Epcot as well Now it's time to board good old j2 j2 Welcome welcome welcome to our special drive through open house Whoa, who is this it's figment figments. I thought I told you not to interfere, but you've got it wrong doc It's not about listening with your ears. It's about listening with your imagination Every sound your ears are hearing a thousand thoughts can start appearing Hoping we end up getting this cinnamon smell today that'd be good for the holidays That'd be a cool thing to switch out like a little christmas scent But instead we always get that scum This is not a good time It's always a good time to use your imagination. So let the good times roll House upside down upside down now you're talking This idea you've had all day With just the spark of inspiration I made my house Well, that was a nice fun ride on journey into imagination And i'm happy we got to see figment in his little christmas sweater And also how cool was it at the end scene there where the walls come down one of them was already stuck down So it was kind of like a malfunction and it was really nice to see that I've seen that I've seen it before But I don't think I've ever caught it on video. So that was the first time very cool But now I think we're gonna head on over to world showcase Now that we have made it to world showcase We're gonna actually go to the right and start over in canada usually I actually go Towards mexico, but I kind of want to try the non sweet items for the festival the holidays I mean normally festival the holidays is just a sweet festival with tons of cookies and desserts But there's a couple of boots that have some pretty good savory items that I want to explore today I already did a full video where I went around and tried like all the cookies on the cookies throw And a lot of the sweet items and that was for the opening day So if you want to watch that video and see the sweet items I'll put a link in the description so you can check it out But today we just want some like, you know, savory normal food items Our first stop is going to be here at the refreshment port for the turkey poutine And I cannot wait to try this. This looks so so good french fries with turkey gravy cranberry relish and crispy onions They also have a coquito sauce or that sounds pretty amazing But like I said, we're going to try not to get as many sweets as can as we can And just kind of focus on some good old like savory food items like turkey poutine I always thought that poutine had like cheese curds in it I mean it traditionally comes with cheese curds like the traditional one that they're selling here Which they do sell is beef gravy with cheese curds and french fries But this is kind of like their holiday spin on it and I'm excited because it looks really good And here it is take a look at that. This is actually looking so so good lots and lots of turkey I mean they really load up the turkey on there and then we got some crispy onions some cranberry relish and the gravy And I cannot wait to dive into this and I'm going to use a fork because this is something you just you definitely have to fork I think we've got a little bit of everything in one bite all the turkey french fry gravy relish and crispy onions So we're just going for it This is so so good and it's nine dollars, but they give you so much I'm really shocked by how much turkey they actually put on here Like there were just like chunks and chunks of turkey and tons of french fries I feel like you could use a little bit more gravy though because once you actually get to the top there There's no gravy in between there. So you got to kind of get the gravy down below build a little cave Put a little gravy in there. That's the way to do it I do have to say the gravy is amazing and I love that there's big chunks of turkey in there And it's just a really good dish too like good value for nine dollars Now we're going to move along and we're going to get something from the canada booth yukon the beef boyanon And it's so funny because the refreshment port has the uh poutine and this has the booth boyanon So it's really uh kind of both canada-ish I guess Here is a quick look at the menu. I hear the scallops are good But today we're going to be trying the beef and I did have the snickers doodle cookie For the cookie stroll and that was a fun little take on it, but I'm excited to try the beef with the little crushed potatoes It's been a little difficult to find tables or trash cans to eat your food on But I kind of lucked out here and I got myself a brick wall You really can't ask for a better place to eat some beef boyanye Then on a little brick wall here in the canada pavilion and take a look There it is. Looks pretty good. Looks like it's got a pretty good amount of beef on there too Don't you see all that right there? I think those are chunks of beef But we're gonna have to dive in and find out Let's just move around a little bit and see What we got here. Oh, yeah, look at this right here. That's a good spot right there This is gonna be some good dente more right here. Oh, yeah, can't wait to try it Seriously, this is really really good It's another big portion item because these are all chunks of beef in here Like I would say at least like five or six different like chunks of beef And the reason I said dente more is because I'm kind of reminds me of dente more I do love dente more and also look how close I am to losing this Kind of like Humpty Dumpty on a wall here, but it's beef boyanye on the wall Honestly, I really do believe festival the holidays has the best portions for their food items You know, I mean this was six dollars and this is like a big big portion And the same thing with the french fries and a couple of items that I do plan on eating a little bit later on the vlog You'll notice that the portion size are a little bit bigger than like say food and wine or festival the arts But yeah, two winners in a row Now it's time we actually get moving along and try some more food items and just kind of enjoy world showcase I'm love hearing the music as you're walking around and also I want to see if we can see any of the christmas stories on our way Last time we were here, we got to see father christmas and the barn santa But I would love to see pierre noelle over in france and then also the storytelling in italy Those both look so much fun and I didn't get to see them last time we were here So we're gonna keep our eye out for them today I hear pierre noelle, but I don't know where he's at. He should be coming around any second now There he comes Ah Bonjour As we say in my country Why you don't know well What mean Merry christmas Merry christmas Look at all the toys no no no toys do you know who I am We some people call me santa I am I am known by many names around the world Here in france with me. I am the pair no well Father christmas I am the good spirit of this season Because he's waiting for me to see all of you In such good spirit Wow pierre no well is so awesome. He is so fun And it's just I don't know like it just gets me so happy seeing him Same thing with uh father christmas over in the uk. It's just so amazing.  Just looking beautiful posing in front of spaceship earth That is really awesome. Oh, wow. She did a little spin there I really wanted to get some of the locuses from leheim, but the line is so so long. Holy moly I have had the black and white cookie here for the cookie stroll But I really wanted to try those potato locus, but just take a look at the line here Like it is so so long. I mean maybe the locus is just that good. Hi friend I mean honestly could be probably 30 minutes to actually get them So I don't know if we're gonna have time for that especially if we want to see another sanny So sadly, I think we're gonna have to pass on the locus Maybe we'll get them another time. Like I said the lines just seem like they're super long And it's getting super dark earlier and earlier here in orlando. Sometimes it gets dark at 5 30 So I want to see if I can get at least one more santa story Look at how beautiful the sky is right now. Sorry. I had to just stop and just take it in because it is so beautiful I love it. You can see the sun reflecting off test track and also at the top of the mexico pavilion there I think I'm gonna zoom in to show you guys a little bit closer because this is beautiful Look at that. Isn't that just beautiful? I love it. I love being at world showcase during a sunset. It is absolutely amazing One thing I learned no matter how busy you are they have to stop and enjoy a sunset Especially in florida because they're free and they happen every single day We've made it to the american pavilion and it looks like the candlelight processional is happening Lisa laying is being the special guest narrator and look at this the five o'clock showing and there's a big big turnout already I love it though Now it looks like there's not a huge line for the american holiday table And I wouldn't mind getting something to eat from here. Now. We've already had some turkey with the uh Poutine but what about this holiday pot pie jackfruit mushrooms carrots peas onions and a puff pastry Right there. That looks so so good. And I think we're gonna do it. I think we're all in on the holiday pot pie You have to take advantage of any of the festival boots that don't have a long line because We've been seeing long lines basically at all of them. It's just a hind. That was like the longest line I'll take a look at this and it also looks like the lights are starting to get bright enough that we can see them Or it's not getting bright enough. It's just getting darker out and look. There's the moon too Oh, I love it. I love that the american pavilion has like their own big christmas tree over here And it's just a little special touch to it. And I think there's a spaceship birth in there somewhere We're gonna have to take a look see and see if we can find it Well, my intentions was just to get the holiday pot pie and it's made with jackfruit I've never had jackfruit before so i'm not sure if I like that or not And I ended up getting that plus the turkey because I just needed to get the turkey I need to know what it tastes like. I remember having this like two years ago and it was amazing And I wonder like if it's going to be the same thing like the same type And here they are here is the holiday pot pie and it's got some very buttery flaky crust And it looks really really good. I can't wait to actually see the inside And then right here's the turkey dinner and it comes with some green beans some stuffing turkey Wasn't that just amazing I had to wait because they didn't want to eat during joy to the world It kind of like just took off and it hit and I was just like, oh, it got me very excited I love the candlelight processional. So kind of hanging out here and having that play in the background. So awesome First things first, let's crack in the holiday pot pie. Oh, wow. I can hear the buttery flaky crust like break Oh, look at that That looks so so good Now this is my first time trying jackfruit and this is completely plant-based and I can't wait. I'm very excited Hmm That is so interesting. It just tastes like meat actually and look at that buttery fakie buttery fakie Buttery buttery buttery fakie crust the buttery fakie crust. You guys know what i'm talking about there It is so good though Now it's time to dive into the turkey din din and this looks so so good I'm glad that I got them both to try the jackfruit was okay But I didn't like the other inside like I didn't like the the filling as much on the holiday pot pie I mean, I'm not a big fan of mushrooms and there is mushrooms in there But it kind of just seemed a little lackluster, you know Now we need to be able to get a little bit of mashed potatoes And a little bit of stuffing and some turkey. I should have bought a knife But look at that. I could eat this big chunk if I wanted to Here we go some more turkey dinner a little bit everything in there plus some green beans and stuffing. I'm very excited Wow And for only five dollars That is phenomenal. That is the best value right here at the festival of the holidays That is so good. I can't get over it. I love it Very nice. Thank you The stuffing is where it's at though. That is the best thing about this meal right here. I love the stuffing Time goes by so fast here at Epcot one second I'm meeting a turkey din din and a holiday pot pie and it's light outside and now It's got dark and space ship earth is starting to turn on there Isn't that kind of cool? You get to see that with the reflection in the water It's very very pretty We're gonna keep moving along though when we're coming up on the germany pavilion Now there's not many items that I like here other than the linzer cookie which was absolutely amazing So we'll check out the line and see if there's anything else that we can get But usually germany has like one of the longest lines probably even longer than leheim Oh, yeah, this is definitely longer than leheim and it's got like two long switchbacks So you have to go all the way up down that way down this way and then back up that way And we've had almost everything here like the porch nitzel was kind of like the same porch nitzel That you would get inside the beer garden and we've already had the linzer cookie before in the past So I think we're just gonna skip over it I was really trying to avoid all of the sweet items today because like I wanted to make it all about The savory items but there is something that I did miss that I really wanted to try And I said next time I come out I'm gonna try it and that's right over here in the african outpost And it is a coconut cake topped with pineapple dole whip and it just I just need to try it It needs to happen today Right here it is the coconut pineapple cake with dole whip pineapple $5 for this bad boy, and I am excited to try it. So we're getting it today And take a look at this So it's basically like a coconut cake at the bottom or maybe that's the pineapple cake topped with some pineapple dole whip and then sprinkled with coconut and I cannot wait to try it also Look at this balancing job right here Does that make anybody nervous? Well, I don't think I'm going to be able to eat it like that But I just wanted to show you and this is the only place that had some lighting So I think we're going to take a little bit all oh look at that. It just breaks right in half I am pretty excited to try this just the way that cake kind of just fell apart there and I love dole whip too Wow, oh, yeah That is so So good I love it. I'm glad we decided to get this. You know what I mean? It's just it is really a very very good dessert I do love me some dole whip But my favorite thing about this is the cake itself like it is that good We went from pineapple coconut cakes to Norway and where the barn Santa would normally be And I think they're done doing any of the storytelling tonight Which makes me a little sad because we never got to catch any and I just like being able to come up and look at their display Like I never get to actually just look at the detail in here Like they have a little cart over here and it's got some squirrels and a fox there And the barn Santa is one of my all-time favorites. So that's really nifty. This is one I absolutely love and I got to see it the first day on opening day and I'm happy because he's so awesome Well, now I think we made a full lap around world showcase We started in front of the christmas tree It was daylight out and you couldn't see the lights and now it's like seven o'clock completely dark out And the tree is just shining and sparkling. It's a beaut clerk It's kind of funny because when you're here at ebcot, you kind of don't know what to stare at like the The christmas tree is like super beautiful But then you just like look to the right and spaceship earth is beautiful One's lit up. The other one's lit up. It's kind of just like bing bong bing bong Now I think we're gonna make our way back out to the front of the park though But I do want to check the wait times to see what they look like now compared to four hours ago And here is a look at the wait times now. It looks like Grand Fiesta tour is 10 minutes Uh, it doesn't have any other wait times right here. I think this is only for uh World showcase I think Let's see. Hold on here. Oh, there we go frozen ever after is 115 minutes Test track 55 minutes mission space 30 minutes and soren was 60 minutes. So that's still a pretty long busy day Before we actually make our way out. I'm gonna stop into the creation shop I want to see if they have any of the new 50th anniversary merchandise or the christmas or cinderella castle collection for my sister I stumbled upon some pretty cool t-shirts though. Look at this retro Walt Disney world one with all the ears on it That is so awesome. I actually really like it because it has the sorcerer mickey ears It has malveston ears. It has the groom ears This is a really really cool shirt right there And then also I like this one as well But these aren't what I was looking for I was looking for the uh cinderella castle spirit jersey for my sister for christmas And i'm not too sure if they have it here Looks like i'm not seeing it here today I did hear it was only released into disney springs, but I thought maybe they might have brought it into the other shop So uh fingers crossed by the time I get the disney springs. They actually still have it If not, maybe we'll get you something else bonbon I thought for a second that this was it, but this is just another different one I mean, this is nice too. I'm guessing she'll like it But she really wanted the one with like the cinderella castle on it the one where I got her magic bands Oh, well, I think she already knew that I was getting her a magic band anyway, but anyways Wow Now we've come outside and they got these lights actually going on and off and you hear the christmas music And it's so beautiful like I don't know if you can hear the christmas music, but I hear it right now. It's singing uh I'm dreaming of a Christmas That's what it sounds like it's so amazing It's also nice to see the splash pad going in december Look at that. I actually I didn't even know they turned it back on in general, but look at that But it was going up. There we go a little bit there A little bit there We might be safe enough to walk in here No, we're not Yep Things escalate pretty quickly there, you know, look at that big beautiful spaceship earth Oh, I love it so much That was awesome seeing it kind of just turn on like that and sparkle and shine. Look at that Yeah Anywho's I think that is going to do it for us today I like how my face is kind of like in the light. Look at that It's kind of like a funny camera trick that i'm doing right now But it's just the amazing lights on spaceship earth. Isn't it really cool? Anywho's I hope you enjoyed the video I enjoyed making it. It was a lot of fun going around trying the different food Seeing figment and his sweater and just enjoying an evening at Epcot. So we'll see you next time Bye I still get excited every time I see one of these fast and furious monorails coming through Look at that One of the best things to come out of the 50th anniversary Is definitely the lights on spaceship earth and the lights on the monorail So cool


I'll also call our two distinguished panelists up to the front. Greg gets to sit down for a moment. Jared Bernstein, his formal title is Senior Fellow, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. He's perhaps best known for having been chief advisor to Vice President Biden. I think of Jared as the economist who, more than anyone since the new deal, was described as being too progressive to be effective in government, and yet was in government and fully made that work in a serious and useful way. That, to me, is what he's become best known for. But he has plenty of research on income equality, mobility, other issues. Also, we have with us Alex J. Palak, who is a resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. He was president and CEO of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago from 1991 to 2004. He is written on boom and bust, financial cycles, and human prosperity. A director of the CME Group, Great Books Foundation, and a graduate of Williams College, Chicago, and Princeton University. I'm going to start with two questions. First, we do two. And only then does Greg get to respond. The first conceptual, the second specific. Now, the conceptual, I ask myself, if I were to somehow add to or amend Greg's thesis, what would be one point I would make? And I would say it's this, that even though sometimes safety makes us dangerous, the danger created from safety may, in many cases, make us safe once again. So I think of adding in this extra dimension of risk communication. Simple example, we let lame and fail. And in retrospect, many people said this was a terrible error. It wasn't some ways a big error, but it was such a big error that it looked so dramatically bad that we then took other steps, which made things better. Or alternatively, you may try to be very, very safe. That may lead to a terrorist attack happening. But for risk communication reasons, you may need something really quite big and bad to then take the next level of steps, which will finally make you safer. So in the risk safety dialectic, I would just add on this extra step, this extra dimension having to do with risk communication. But I'll turn this over to our other two panelists. If you wanted to somehow add, amend, disagree, however you care to do it, at the conceptual level, something to Greg's thesis, what would you say, either? Thank you. I'll start if I may. As Greg said, Hyman Minsky, who begins this book or is right at the beginning, was quite a good friend of mine and quite a fascinating guy. Minsky's theory gets summarized as stability creates instability, as Greg said. It's a little more complex. Its periods of stability shift the subjective perceptions of how much of a margin of error or space is right. And as those subjective perceptions shift, financial models turn from safe ones or conservative ones to speculative ones to Ponzi schemes. I've always thought that Minsky's prescription was perfect. I'm sorry. Minsky's diagnosis, I'm going to start that over. Minsky's diagnosis was perfect. His prescription was bad. His prescription was, well, you need a great big government because then you can jump in and fix these mistakes. But the prescription doesn't take into account that it isn't only private actors, and this is the broader point I wish to make, whose perceptions are changing. It's everybody. It's central bankers and regulators. Greg points out in his book in 2007, which is really late in the game. Regulators, and not only in this country but around the world, were very sanguine as the thing was about to go over the cliff. So everybody is in this game. Everybody fails to understand what's happening. So you have central bankers announcing they have created the great moderation, which turns out only to be the great leveraging. It's the great leveraging that creates the great moderation. And when it ends, it's horrible. You have to view this whole thing as one large system. It's a recursive, interactive, expectational, strategic, game theoretic, and unpredictable system. And the system does not consist just of private actors with government actors looking down. The system is all of the actors together, including the central banks. And we have to ask, why is it that we can't predict it? And here, one thing I would have added if I were writing this book is I would have discussed Frank Knight and fundamental uncertainty. And that, I think, helps explain these very important things that Greg has seen, not only in finance, but in all these other areas, that our interactions create fundamental uncertainty. If you really believed in engineering and modeling, you ought to believe that you could predict successfully the reactions to what you're going to do. So you do something, the market reacts. You make it safe for market reacts. Why aren't we good at predicting those reactions? We're not good at them because the interactive recursive nature of the great system creates fundamental uncertainty. And with that, I'll just have one more quote, because Paul Volcker comes out as a sort of hero in this. Although I will say, the other thing is you're too sanguine about the 1980s. The 1980s were terrible, in fact. On average, over 200 banks a year failed in this country alone per year for 11 years, from 1982 to 1992. Anyway, Volcker, at one point, looking at all this, came up with a nice summary. He said, about every 10 years, we have the greatest crisis in 50 years. Jared, thank you. Thanks for inviting me. It's a pleasure to be here. Now that I've found this room. And it was a joy to read Greg's book. It's probably the most important thing I'll tell you that this is the kind of book. And I do a fair bit of book reviewing, and I'm not always this nice, even with the author right next to me, that I got the book in the mail, and I had to go do something around the house. Maybe it was something I didn't want to do, but at any rate, I started reading it, and then it was literally two or three hours later. So it's that kind of book. I've heard people into this kind of thing, really engrossing. And I suspect if you're here, maybe you're into this kind of thing. Just because I like the book doesn't mean I agree with it all. And I think there are a number of kind of conceptual things that I see a little bit differently. First of all, I think there is an implication, and Greg will correct me if I'm wrong, but perhaps you heard this in the presentation, that if we got this balance between risk and regulation or protection more accurately calibrated, then bad stuff would happen. And in the course of bad stuff happening to us, we would learn to implement better economic policy. I'm afraid that's maybe way too optimistic. The problem isn't just a matter of risk-reward balance. The problem is really, in my view, one, and I've written about this in citations I can give to you if you're interested. The problem, in my view, is really one of the way an economist would say it, of very massively discounting the future. People have very high discount rates. And therefore, or another way to say it probably more intuitively, is that we think much more about what's going on today, next week, if we really have great foresight six months from now. And what happened years ago and what happened years from now is very much outside of our purview. So one of the reasons why climate is such a difficult thing for us to wrap our policy heads around, I think we can argue about the science, but I think it's fairly solidly determined that if we don't do something about this, we're all really screwed in the long run. But the problem there is the long run. And so my theory is probably more that even if we took, if this is what Greg's saying, and if we took Greg's advice and let ourselves get whacked harder by some of the things that we're protecting ourselves from, I'm afraid we might not learn from them as much as Greg's thesis implies, in part because we have very high discount rates for the future. So if we actually wanted to do something more about this, we'd have to do something to get people to care more about the future. Now I've tried to do this in my own work largely through talking about kids, your kids. You care about your kids and their future and politicians say this all the time. That doesn't really work either. So I'm not sure how to crack this, not yet, but I continue to work at it. My second point is that I walked around before, probably before reading this book. It might have been to my advantage to read this book before I was a member of the president's economics team during the Great Recession. Because I was sitting in meetings. And I will argue that much of what we did, this may not be the argument to have today, but I would argue that much of what we did in the Great Recession, this may not fly well at the Mercatus Center, but generally speaking, much of what we did and what the Fed did, while very unpopular actually worked pretty well, except housing. I think what we did in, I think the housing interventions and President Obama has said this himself were inadequate to the task. And I can tell you from personal experience that that is in no small part because moral hazard was in the room. And by that, I mean, not like a guy named Moral Hazard, but pretty close, we would be talking and you know the characters. We would be. It was worse because he was inside the other people. Correct, but not the economists inside the politicos. So we would be talking about housing interventions that were considerably deeper than what you saw in terms of essentially bailing out people who were deeply underwater. And the political folks said, no, we're not gonna do that. And the reason we're not gonna do that is because Joan, next door to Jill, did everything right and it's not fair for Joan, for Jill to get bailed out when Jill was just out partying instead of working two jobs like Joan to pay for her mortgage. We're just not gonna do that. And our argument was, look, the time to worry about moral hazard is not when you're in the thick of it. That's when you have to throw moral hazard out the window. The time to worry about moral hazard is when you're writing the rules and regulations that you don't like so much so that you don't end up here. But what Greg kind of gets at is actually not so much. That you have to let Joan take a hit so that other people are correctly instructed. My final point is I'm not sure that the, what happened in the, that's the Tolstoy line, every happy family the same, every unhappy. So every recession, to my view, is more different than I think we're making them sound. We're kind of making it sound like every downturn occurs because of the kind of risk, Minsky phenomenon, the stabilization, destabilization phenomenon. I mean, they're supply shock recessions. And in fact, this recession was very much a function of underpriced risk inflating a housing bubble. Now that risk was inflated by the kinds of financial innovations that we're talking about. But there were people, precious few, and I was not one of them who did see it coming. And they did try to point it out. Some of them were in the Fed. And Dean Baker, economist friend of mine, I remember him and I sitting down with a reporter in the mid 2000s showing the divergence between the price of houses and the price of rent and how that was a signal that there was a bubble. And yet there were ideologically driven, and I don't think this comes out enough in the book or the presentation, there were ideologically driven masters of the universe who were controlling the levers who believed don't worry these mechanisms will self-regulate, there can't be a bubble. And even if there was, we couldn't see it anyway. In fact, there are noble laureates to this day who say there was no bubble because there can't be a bubble. And so I do think that ideology takes a hit as well. Second question is quite specific. The theme today is not just Greg's book, but also financial regulation. For our two panelists, if there's one thing we should be regulating less and another more, what would each be? And let me just add in my own comment. I think I agree with Greg that we should have higher capital requirements. But I worry if his own thesis may not bite us in the bum that if you raise capital requirements more is done off balance sheet and more lending goes outside the banking sector where possibly at least it is risky or less well-regulated or whatever other problems you might have with that. So I'll raise that question. But first Alex and then Jared, sure. And the question again is... Regulate one thing more, one thing less. What should they be? Well, I can... Good question. They're both... I can think of a lot of things I would regulate. Less remembering the regulation is one of the things that drives us into the troubles. I guess if I were going to have one regulation it would be enforced study of the financial past, of the long past. Because Jared said the problem is discounting the future but I think the problem is the rapid forgetting of the past. It's already six years and we're forgetting rapidly and our public and private actions are showing that. Nobody can remember the 1980s. As I said one of my disagreements with Greg would be an overly optimistic view of the 1980s. And there are lots of lessons from the 1980s already being forgotten. One of the lessons from the 1980s was that all of the main lessons drawn by the study of the 1980s disaster by the regulators when applied contributed to causing the 2000s disaster. And this is this problem of the recursive complexity and uncertainty that we're dealing with. I, about my old friend, High Minsky, I had a little joke. Knowledge of Minsky is a coincident indicator of financial crisis. Now... In fact... Thank you. In fact, Minsky became very popular in the 80s. He was lucky enough to live long enough in the 80s to see himself greatly praised. But when we got the 90s, boom, he faded out again and then he gets, he was rediscovered again in the 2000s and he will be forgotten again. And so it's this cycle of learning and forgetting that I really think. And I think Greg's book is very helpful. But not even, not strong enough on this point for me about how much you can learn if you can remember better all the things in the past. An old credit officer of one of my former employers had a saying, bad loans are made in good times. And that's true. It's a shorthand way of saying. And I think it's true. It isn't only in finance that we're viewing this just as the book discusses very interestingly. And I'll close with one other even older quotation. The common source, the most frequent source of disaster was a sense of security. This is Valerius Paturkulus writing a history of Rome in 30 AD. Jared. Yeah, well those dates confirm my thesis that we tend to forget such warnings and history repeats itself. I'm gonna maybe answer your question with a little bit of a curve ball, if that's okay, which is that I'd rather not think about or talk. I have a different view of regulation in this space, in this context. And I'd like to think about it through the tax code. I don't think we can regulate our way out of the problems that we've discussed here without dealing with the, in a sense I view the forgetting the past as very much a part and parcel as not worrying enough about the future. I think they're part and parcel of the same thing. And I don't think based on quotes from Roman times that are still valid, that we can solve that without accepting the limitation of human psychology to remember the past and to appropriately price the future. Therefore, we have to regulate by putting a price on the kinds of behaviors that get us into this trouble. And I'd like to suggest two simple ones. One would be a price on carbon. And I think most economists on both sides of the aisle think that that is a good idea. And I'd be interested if others, Tyler and everyone up here, others what they thought about that. And two, this is a more controversial but I think it would help a lot, a very small couple of hundreds of a percent tax on financial transactions. A very small financial transaction tax would I think dampen some of the noise trading and speculation that gets us into trouble. Where would I regulate less? That's a harder one for me. But I have two thoughts. One, the thing that all liberals and many liberals and conservatives agree on this day is that occupational licensing is overwrought and that there are people who ought to be able to start a nail salon or a hair cuttery without going through all kinds of different licensing, which sometimes isn't consistent across state lines. I wouldn't push it too far because actually you want those people to know what they're doing but I think there's probably something there. And then certainly in the world of patents, I think that we over-regulate to the point where we probably do stifle innovation. Greg, you can respond to any of that if you want. We do still need to leave time. Sure. Questions, so please go ahead. To your initial point that we need to learn from disasters, absolutely. I guess the point problem that I came across is that I would like them to be as small as possible, these disasters that we learn from. The problem is that we don't want too many 2008s in order to learn. And this goes to the point that you were making, I think, about hyperbolic discounting, which actually is really just the mirror image of our inability to remember the past that Alex was making. So there was a very fascinating study of hurricane damage and it found that first of all homes that are built within three or four years of a hurricane are much more likely to survive the next hurricane than hurricanes that are built later because they're built with the memory of what just happened. Similarly, that same research finds that people will often go out and buy hurricane insurance a few years after a hurricane and then they will let it lapse after a few years without a hurricane. Now this is natural human behavior because as you were saying, or I can't remember, I think you were both saying this, is that our sense of what is dangerous is highly influenced by what just happened to us. But what just happened is a very poor guide to what's gonna happen next. Even with something like a hurricane for which we have enough information to know that the frequency of a hurricane is not really correlated with how recently it happened. And in my book, one of the things I find that's fascinating is that this isn't just a problem for individuals, it's even a problem for insurance companies. The guys who are paid to do this have exactly the same problem. So you're really dealing with a big problem. If I'll take the opportunity to say one rule that I think is a real problem is that having the Fed as a lender of last resort is incredibly important. It was incredibly important in 2008. I think the lessons of 1907 are still valid. I think we've seen a lot of pushback on trying to make the Fed a less potent lender of last resort limiting what it can do. There was a bitter Warren bill that would have slapped all sorts of restrictions on it. The reason I think this is a bad idea is because to go back to my example of safety belts, I don't think any bank actually takes risks believing that 20 years from now there will be a crisis from which the Fed will bail them out. I think them having deposit insurance might increase the risk-taking. I think that having derivatives might increase the risk-taking. But the fact that once in a blue moon a crisis of catastrophic proportion happens doesn't affect the risk-taking. So I would not impose those kinds of types of restrictions on the Fed. Can we now open up questions from the floor? Please direct your question. Could I get one more comment in? Very quickly, 30 seconds. 30 seconds, thank you. One of the most important questions this book raises and it's really profound is, can you have long-term economic growth without cycles and crises? And the suggestion, which I think is good Schumpeter, is no. The book suggests to me no. I believe the right answer is no. That if we want the long-term growth that's created by taking risk and uncertainty, it's gonna give you cycles.


10 best places you need to visit in Tanzania in 2022. Tanzania, as the largest country in East Africa, has a lot to offer visitors. It is well known around the world for its wide swaths of wilderness and spectacular wildlife, making it an ideal site for a safari vacation. Many tourists will stop at Dar East's Salam on their route to the wilderness or other tourist destinations. The beautiful beaches of Zanzibar call to people who want to relax and enjoy the sun. Scuba divers and smirklers from all over the world would go to the Korra Gardens, colorful fish and crystal blue waters off the shores of Pemba and Mafia Islands. World famous destinations include Mount Kilimanjaro and the Serengeti National Park. Less-known sites, such as conservation areas, lakes and mountains, for example, are well worth a visit. The country boasts a unique culture, as well as a variety of exciting vacation activities for travelers, with over 120 ethnic groups. Exploring Tanzania with locals is a fantastic opportunity to create unforgettable memories. Tanzania is famed for its saffaris more than perhaps any other place. Wildebeest stampedes have inundated the plains, hippos battle for space and muddy waterways. Tanzanians stroll over seasonal migratory trails as chimpanzees swing through the treetops. Around the country, there are unequaled opportunities to experience this natural treasure. If you find this video intriguing, do not forget to like, share and subscribe for more updates. Here's a look at the best places to visit in Tanzania. 10. Mount Meru Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania's highest peak, attracts the most attention, but few people are aware of Mount Meru, the country's second highest peak. It is located in the northern section of the country, close to the Kenyan border. It is a wildlife-rich area that is part of the Orusha National Park. If climbing Mount Kilimanjaro is too difficult, trekking up Mount Meru is a viable alternative. It will still be a difficult task, but it will be an unforgettable one. On the summit of a mountain, you'll be treated to stunning vistas as you track along craters. 9. Mikiwi National Park Mikiwi National Park is part of Tanzania's southern circuit, a collection of well-known destinations in the south of the country. The park's bulk is made up of flat grassland, making it easy to spot approaching creatures from afar, because this is primarily a safari destination, seeing the sights will need you to travel in a licensed vehicle. Midget elephants, which have very thin and short tusks, are one of Mikiwi National Park's most peculiar species. Poachers are less interested in them as a result, and whether their smaller tusks are an evolutionary advantage is a topic of debate. 8. Lake Natron Lake Natron's waters are dark crimson and hue due to high pH levels, chemical makeup, and heavy evaporation, making it one of the world's most spectacular vistas. Because Lake Natron is made up of highly saline water and the water temperature is scorching, there aren't many species in or surrounding it. If birds crash or land in the lake, their bodies will calcify rather than disintegrate. Despite all of the depths, one species thrives. Lesser flamingos, the lake is covered with pink birds who come to breed every three or four years when the weather is suitable. 7. Arusha National Park If you're planning a vacation to Mount Meru, don't forget to stop by Arusha National Park, where the peak is located. Though the park's most well-known feature is the mountain, there is much more to see and do. While several of Tanzania's national parks are popular for Sapharis, Arusha is an excellent trekking destination. You can go hiking, climbing, or even canoeing to get a different view on the area. If you want to combine exercise with wildlife, Arusha National Park is one of the best places to go on a walking safari. 6. Manyara National Park When people think of Tanzania's national parks, they often think of vast savannas. On the other hand, the Lake Manyara National Park paints a quite different picture. As the name says, the lake is the focal point. Lake Manyara, the park's largest lake, spans more than a third of the park's total area, though its size fluctuates during the dry season. Because it has a large quantity of water, the lake is an excellent site to watch wildlife. During the dry season, which lasts from June to September, thousands of animals flock to the lake for water. On a day safari, you'll be able to see these amazing animals up close. 5. Ruaha National Park Ruaha National Park, Tanzania's largest, is home to a staggering number of elephants and giraffes. Giraffe Park is another name for Ruaha National Park. If you're primarily interested in these graceful and calm animals, but also want to see the rare lion, a safari in Ruaha National Park can be an ideal decision. Ruaha National Park, in Tanzania's heartland, is popular with visitors because it is generally uncrowded. You'll be able to have a more authentic Tanzanian experience as a result. 4. Stonetown Stonetown is the capital of Zanzibar, which is located off the coast of Tanzania. Stonetown will show you a distinct side of Tanzania. Stonetown is a melting pot of Swahili-era and Persian civilizations. Many of the town's structures come from the 19th century, when Zanzibar was at its most dominant. The tray brought in money, which was utilized to construct palaces, mosques, and a slew of high-end residences. You can visit the 17th century stronghold, as well as the many architectural wonders hidden among Stonetown's maze of narrow streets during your stay. 3. Mount Kilimanjaro Mount Kilimanjaro, a dormant stratovolcano near Canis border, dominates the scene. Mount Kilimanjaro is a popular destination for adrenaline junkies and world-class climbers. It is the world's highest freestanding mountain and Tanzania's tallest peak. The peak is surrounded by the Kilimanjaro National Park. Forests, highlands, plateaus, and a few lesser peaks all make up the landscape. Mount Kilimanjaro has seven approved routes to the top, each with its own popularity and difficulty. Keep in mind that most people only ascend a part of a mountain. Even a short hike can provide you with stunning views of the park all up. 2. The Ngorongoro Conservation Area Another wonderful area to watch animals in Tanzania is the Ngorongoro Conservation Area. The Ngorongoro Crater, the world's biggest intact volcanic crater, is the most notable feature of the park. The world's biggest concentration of lions can be found within the crater. There are also numerous black rhinos in the area. In the protected region, leopards, hyenas, and cheetahs are commonly sighted. A guided safari across the Ngorongoro Conservation Area is recommended once more. 1. Serenjete National Park Tanzania's Serenjete National Park is located on the Kenyan border. The Masaimara is the name of a Kenyan national park. One of the most popular safari locations in the world is this large East African conservation area. During the wet season, nearly one noony wildebeest migrate through the park, making it a popular destination for large animal migration. The park is home to around 2,500 lions, making it one of the best sites in the world to see them up close. Guided safaris and overnight stays and lodges and cabins are the finest ways to view the park. Visiting beautiful sites is a priority for most people who love spending their leisure time going from one touristic site to another. Tanzania is exactly that destination for most tourists in Africa. If you find this video interesting, please do well to like, share, subscribe and turn on the notification button for more videos from Africa Reloaded.


Hi everybody, Joe for jazzy's casebreaks.com with 2019 Panini National Treasures Football coming at you one box break Random team number two Lot a lot of great potential in here and so big thanks to this group for making it happen appreciate it So thanks to the people who bought spots straight up Jared Chris and Nicholas and congrats to the people who bought Who took the risk in one spots? From those two fillers we did in those prism packs all 32 teams are in let's roll it Let's randomize it three into three six the hard way one two three four five and six For six we got Jared down to Brian Three into three six the hard way six times for the teams one two three four five and six After six times we got the Steelers down to the Niners All right, so Jared Steelers Vikings and Jets Oliver with the Cowboys Jared Raiders Cardinals Dolphins Aaron with the Seahawks Kenneth Packers Nicholas with the Falcons Jared with the Saints Nicholas with the Commanders Jared with the Rams and Browns Brian T Lions and Bears Chris with the Broncos Jared with the Jags and Texans Brian with the Colt Jared with the Ravens and Patriots Joshua with the Titans Ryan with the Chiefs Jared Eagles and Panthers Kenneth with the Bills Rex with the Buccaneers Jared with the Chargers and the Bengals Michael with the Giant and Brian H with the San Francisco 49ers It's alphabetized by team and we're gonna pause the video when we come back We're gonna see if there's any traits and then we'll have the break so stick around BRB All right welcome back No deals are done So that list you saw on the previous screen is now printed out. It's official. It remains the same So we got boxes we gots we gots boxes one two and four remain. There's my four right there So now that we're down to three boxes just with the die We'll go one two three four five six makes a little bit easier and it's two one two top box And so for the next break, we'll just go one two three four five six on the dice roll Next one box break is loaded up. We could run that back tonight. Good luck everybody We're gonna lead off with Baker Mayfield 21 out of 99 For the Browns, that's gonna go to Jared. That'd be nice. That'd be nice See the train whistle happen here. There's Kenny G 43 out of 50 lions It's gonna be for Brian T. We got Tyree kill century materials 22 out of 99 Kansas City It'll be for Ryan. We got another Tyree kill century materials this time out of 10 lower number Ryan Hines with the Chiefs Nelson Aguilar 43 out of 99 Jared O'Malley with the Eagles Fly Eagles fly Etc. Etc. On the road to victory yet We've got a randomizer coming up Meekle Hardman jr. And Riley Ridley six out of 25 It's a randomizer between the Chiefs Ryan Hines and the Bears Brian Ryan and Brian randomizer one happy One happy Ryan and the another unhappy Ryan Brian Ryan We've got a tie Johnson four out of ten Lions Brian Got a nun to eat properly in this break Motor City. All right a few more here We got a Dawson Knox nice 70 out of 99 Kenneth with the Buffalo Bills Buffalo Totonka Totonka couple more here. We've got a dual auto and they're both Colts prime pairings Jacobi Berset and Darius Leonard 38 out of 49 For the blue horseshoes That's for Brian and the last one here is Oh nice, that might be a piece of Jared Siddham's glove 10 out of 25 An autograph that's New England edition. That's gonna go to Jared. Oh Mali j. Oh With the Patriots It's pretty cool relic here. That's that Nice rookie patch auto or nice patch auto Got a nice dual autograph and here is a randomizer here So let's flip back to random org KC Chicago and second dice roll Randomizer dice roll four and a one five times team on top gets it after five one two three four and fifth and final time it's gonna go to Chicago after five my kind of town Chicago is Brian tea with that one That is once again. It's numbered six. Oh, let me show you switch screens here six out of 25 And there you go gang. We got another one box break loaded up Right now so some full spots plus a couple fillers and we're in Brakesville on another box 2019 Nt football. Thanks for watching everybody. I'm Joe and I'll see you next time for the next one. Bye. Bye You


Hello in this lecture we will define finished goods inventory. According to fundamental accounting principles Wild 22nd edition the definition of finished goods inventory is account that controls the finished goods files which act as a subsidiary ledger of the inventory account in which costs of finished goods that are ready for sale are recorded. Support accounting instruction by clicking the link below giving you a free month membership to all of the content on our website broken out by category further broken out by course. Each course then organized in a logical reasonable fashion making it much more easy to find what you need than can be done on a YouTube page. We also include added resources such as Excel practice problems PDF files and more like QuickBooks backup files when applicable. So once again click the link below for a free month membership to our website and all the content on it. When we are considering that the finished goods inventory we are typically thinking about a manufacturing company because if we were thinking about a company that just purchases and sells inventory then we would just have one account called inventory. If we manufacture the inventory then we may still only have one account on the balance sheet called inventory. However we are probably going to track multiple accounts on the trial balance related to inventory as that inventory moves through the process of the production of that inventory meaning we could have in our trial balance a raw materials inventory the work in process the finished goods the factory overhead once the inventory has been completed that is when it will be in the finished goods account that is when it's being ready for sale that's when it's closest to what it would be for a company that just purchases and sells inventory meaning that if we sold the inventory we would reduce the finished goods just as we would for a company that purchases and sells inventory and record the related expense of cost of goods sold therefore in a manufacturing process we're still going to have a general ledger backing up all the inventory accounts for example we have the raw materials general ledger showing activity by date that will back up the raw materials on the trial balance we have the work in process once that inventory is in process of work here's the general ledger here's the trial balance then it's going to move to the and we also have factory overhead those items we couldn't apply directly to the job being backed up here those accounts will ultimately finish in the finished goods moving to the finished goods as the items are completed so here's our finished goods account in the general ledger here it is on the trial balance once these goods are then sold from the finished goods items they would move from finished goods to the cost of goods sold and of course we would record the related sales the related revenue and the related cash or accounts receivable at the time of sale