And now stay tuned for the mystery program that is unique among all mystery programs. Because even when you know who is guilty, you always receive a startling surprise at the final curtain. In the signal oil program, the Whistler. Signal, the famous go farther gasoline.  I am the Whistler and I know many things for I walk by night. I know many strange tales hidden in the hearts of men and women who have stepped into the shadows. Yes, I know the nameless terrors of which they dare not speak. And now for the signal oil company, the Whistler's strange story. Design for murder. The trio in the big car weaving its way through the evening traffic seemed typical of almost any group on the way to a railroad station. Charles Gilbert at the wheel was responding patiently to the nervous admonitions of his wife, Etna. From the rear seat, his wife's close friend, Myrene Walker, chatted ceaselessly. Charles Gilbert on the other hand seemed lost in thought or patient resignation. All very typical as they pulled up at the railroad station and stepped out of the car. Charles, let me run on ahead for you. Check in this ticket. Would you, Myrene? I'll get someone to take the suitcases. Oh, it's all such a bother. I wish I was staying home. Well, as you are not so forget it. We'll meet you inside, Myrene, the cocktail bar. Right. You heard how she wish you were going? She likes to travel. I don't, Charles. You know that. Well, never mind now. It's all arranged. You need the rest. A red cap. Yes, sir. These three bags. Oh, yes, sir. The limited car, 79, space B. Here you are. Thank you, sir. Come along, Edna. We'll drop in here and have a drink while we're waiting. Now, let's just relax, huh? Wait for Myrene. I wish you weren't so anxious to have me out of town, Charles. At a time when the business needs me so. Oh, nonsense. Over here, Myrene. Here, darling. Everything's in order with your tickets. It's too bad. How do you like that, Myrene? She doesn't want to go. Thinks that jewelry business will go to pot. Thinks her husband plans a rendezvous with another woman. Oh, for heaven's sake. Buy her a drink, Charles. You can buy me one, too. Waiter, if you don't mind, we're dying of thirst here. Two scotch and sodas here. Myrene. Fine. Anything. Just bring it. Yes, ma'am. Now we'll all feel better. I'd feel better if I knew why you can't go along, Charles. I told you, Edna. I'll be busy. Also, I want you to go alone. You'll rest more. And you do need it. Look at her, Myrene. Not able to keep her hand still. Doodling on the menu. She's always doodling on something. Give me that pencil, Edna. Sorry. It's a design I was thinking of for a piece of costume jewelry. Well, stop thinking of anything like that. And since it's going to bother you, I'll tell you exactly what I'm going to be doing, dear. It was to be a surprise. A surprise? We talked about a beach house, remember? On Little Rock Point? I remember talking about it. And I bought one. Oh. A beautiful place. Completely surrounded by trees. A good half mile from the main road and a quarter of a mile from the nearest neighbor. Getting away like that, I don't see how you find your way out there. Oh, it's easy to get there. Here, I'll draw you a diagram to show you exactly where it is. Once you know where it is, you can find it blindfolded if you follow these directions. Yes, you can, can't you? I'm having it remodeled inside just for Edna. Oh, Charles, you aren't. I am. Well, don't be too grateful. It's mostly your money. Oh, I don't care. It's the thought. Oh, Charles, I feel much better about the trip now. You do? Then give me a handkerchief. Look at it, Mary. Tonda shreds Edna. When she's not doodling, she's tearing up a handkerchief. She's got to be doing something every minute. And she wonders why I want her to rest. The drinks, sir. Oh, good. And get working on three more, please. My dear, you're going to relax. Or I'll know the reason why. I'll try. Now we'd better get to the train. Well, Charles, Edna's gone.   Slip in beside someone who's been waiting for you. Not too patiently. I'm sorry, Helen. Darling, I am too. I'm sorry that we have to practice this deception. Charles. Yes, ma'am? That was nice, dear. But we ought to be more careful in public. We really shouldn't be here, you know. Oh, stop worrying. Here, I ordered you a drink. Oh, and I can use it. Well, at least we'll have some time together uninterrupted. You're sure Edna will be staying away for a while? She's gone for a month.  I know. Someday. I hope it's soon, Charles. Look, I want you to see the new place I bought at Little Rock Point. I'll pick you up and drive you down there tomorrow. Or maybe it would be better if you came in your car and met me there. Little Rock Point? That sounds wonderful. Oh, it is. You'll love it. I've been using quite a few of your ideas in redecorating the place. Can you make it by two? Yes, dear. I'll tell you exactly how to get there. Helen's an exciting girl, isn't she, Charles? And when you reach your apartment building, you have difficulty getting around to saying goodnight to her. And only the thought of seeing her again the next day at the beach house at Little Rock Point finally makes it possible. It's quite late when you finally arrive at your own home and let yourself into the house. You're scarcely inside when... My son? What is that thing? Myrene. Yes. It's a myrene. I'd like to come in, Charles, and to talk to you. Oh, of course. Well, come straight to the point. About what? About you and Edna. And that little number you met in the cocktail lounge? It wasn't a very pretty sight, Charles. When you kissed her right after bidding Edna, goodbye. Oh, why, uh... Go on. Make it good. That girl, Helen... An old friend. That's right. Someone you knew before you ever met Edna. Why, that's just exactly. She just won't leave you alone. Myrene, you're positive. I'm not psychic. You're not nearly as slick as you think you are, Charles. No wonder Edna's a bundle of nerves. You're not gonna say anything to Edna about this. Depends on you. I don't suppose you've made any dates for the future with this, um, Helen. Oh, I certainly not. Hmm. Well, Charles, you weren't kidding when you made that remark about Edna's money. You had it pretty easy since becoming her business manager and now her husband. Well, it's been a pleasant arrangement, if that's what you mean. Well, naturally, I love Edna. I hope you mean that. Myrene, this girl means nothing, I swear it. I'll not see her again. Look, in a few days, you and Arthur drop down to the place at Little Rock Point. You'll see all that I'm doing for Edna. I'll take you around the place we can relax, go for a swim. I don't swim, Charles. And when my best friend's husband starts two-timing her, I don't feel like relaxing either. Myrene, I've told you. I've heard you and I've told you, Charles. Stay away from that girl. You know, friends, in addition to being summer, this is also the time of year when more and more drivers switch to Signal, the famous go farther gasoline. Vacation-minded folks just naturally go for Signal's good mileage. But mileage, mind you, is only half of Signal's story. Just you talk with a few Signal customers and you'll find they're equally enthusiastic about Signal's performance. After all, in order to give you such good mileage, today's Signal gasoline has to help your motor run more efficiently. And when your motor runs more efficiently, naturally you also enjoy quick starting, proud pickup, and smooth purring power, the things that make driving a real pleasure. So to get the most out of your vacation travel dollars, make the friendly Signal stations you'll find throughout the Pacific Coast States your headquarters for happy mileage. And even if you're not planning a vacation trip, well, any time is a good time to power your car with Signal, the famous go farther gasoline. It's going badly, isn't it, Charles? Myrene knows about your girlfriend, Helen. Knows that it was more than husbandly concern that prompted you to encourage your wife, Edna, to leave town on a vacation, a rescue for her nervousness. Myrene has always been Edna's best friend. And she'll tell her the truth if you don't do something to reassure her that you don't intend to see Helen again. You wish you hadn't made the date with Helen for the following afternoon at the beach house at Little Rock Point. And after she arrives, you're very nervous all the time that she's there with you. What is it, Charles? You haven't heard anything I've said. Well, yes, I have, Helen. It's just, well, I'm a little jumpy. Well, I thought with your wife out of town. Helen, we've got to talk about that. It isn't as perfect as it seems. Oh? A friend of Edna's, Myrene Walker. She knows about us. Knows what about us? Well, not everything, of course. She thinks it's a casual thing that we're old friends happen to run into one another. Oh, if she continues to see us together. That's right. She'll go to Edna. Helen, we've got to forget about it for a while. Forget about it? Well, you know, I really don't mean that exactly. I should hope not. You promised me you were going to talk to Edna. Ask for a divorce. I know, and I intend to, but it can't be right away, Helen. I have my reasons. Right now it's important that you leave. That we're not seen together. All right, Charles. I won't need a second invitation. Oh, now, wait a minute. I've waited long enough as it is. Quite long enough. Goodbye, Charles. Goodbye, Helen. Goodbye, Charles. She's gone, isn't she, Charles? And only a few moments later, you hear her car start up, roar away. And you're alone, alone in the house that you were supposed to be remodeling for your wife, Edna. And as the rest of the afternoon drags by, you find yourself hating the place. And you'll always hate it, unless somehow soon the house can be yours and Helen's. Just how you're going to bring that about isn't quite clear to you yet, is it? How you'll get rid of your wife, Edna. That evening as you're sitting alone wishing you returned to town, you're still thinking about it when suddenly you're aware of a noise outside. Maureen. Well, this is a surprise. Hello, Charles. Snooping around, were you? All right. I'll let that if you want. You're wasting your time, really. I'm quite alone. Are you? Of course. Come on in, Maureen. I'd like to show you around the place. Like a child caught at the cookie jar, Maureen follows you inside. She's nervous, ill at ease. Avoid your gaze as you show her about the house. And then finally the two of you end up at the boat landing. Well, what do you think of it? Very nice, Charles. They can't double like it? No, I don't. This isn't the sort of house Edna would like to have. It just doesn't suit her personality, let's say. Really? I'm sure there isn't a thing here that would interest her. Outside of that unusual painting and the living room. No, rather nice, isn't it? Impressionistic, I believe they call that sort of thing. To me, it looks like a dragon about to devour something. Well, it is the painting of a dragon. But Edna likes offbeat things like dragons. I bought it especially for her. Surprise. Oh, really, Charles? And just what does that mean? May I be blunt? Feel free. You didn't buy this house for Edna. Why does Helen move in? Now, see here, Myrene. You see here. It's a glamorous place, Charles. Exciting. She'll just match her baby blue eyes. Myrene, you're... You're not fooling me for one minute.  She's going to know all about this. You're not going to tell her about Helen. Edna's my best friend. Myrene, I think I've had just about enough of your meddling. Charles, wait. Just about enough. Stay away from me.  Charles! Charles! You reached out to grab Myrene as she tripped, but you're too late. And she plunged off the end of the boat landing. Charles! You stand there, staring down at her, struggling in the water. She can't swim, Charles. She'll drown if you don't help her. And you don't help her, do you, Charles?  Yes.  But you decide to hurry back to your home and town. Establish a reasonable alibi.  Oh, yes. Yes, Mr. Stanley. What I called you sooner, except I... What is it? Something wrong? Well... What's then? Yeah. Myrene... Good to... Oh, yes, yes. She's a very dear friend of my wife. It probably wouldn't have happened if I'd been out there. I'd planned to, but business kept me here in town. Myrene must have come out to visit us, wandered around in the dark, and... Yeah, yeah, that's who... Well, thank you for calling, Mr. Stanley. I'll get in touch with my wife right away. You smile, don't you, Charles, as you hang up the receiver. It's all over now. Myrene is dead. You could have saved her, but you didn't. And you couldn't have Myrene telling your wife Helen, could you? Later that day, you send a wire to Etna at the resort and inform her that you have some bad news. Ask her to return immediately.  Perhaps take a walk along the beach. See if you can learn news of the local reaction to Myrene's drowning. As you hurry up the path, you're startled to see a light burning in the living room. Helen, yes. She's probably paid you a surprise visit. Good evening, Charles. Etna. Found the key under the mat, so I came on in. I've been waiting hours for you. I don't understand. I sent the telegram only a few hours ago. Telegram? Well, it must have missed me. I left humor this morning. But why? Perhaps this letter will explain. Myrene said it to me. Myrene? Yes. Her letter told me all about your little friend, Helen. Read it. See to yourself. Myrene wouldn't lie. But Etna, I... You needn't bother to deny it. Well, you've got to let me explain. Let's drop the matter here and now. You see, Charles, I've thought it over very carefully. I've decided to forgive you. Forgive me? Yes. I'm really much more to blame for Helen's need. I... I don't understand. Well, perhaps I drove you to her. I haven't been a very good wife, Charles.  Thinking too much about business and not enough about us, our home, our marriage. Well, we haven't been as close in the past few years as we used to be, Etna. Yes, I know. I know it's all my fault. I'm willing to forget all this, Charles, but, of course, you must forget Helen. Of course. Fix me a drink, will you? I could use one. No, all right. I could use one myself. Charles. Yes? You said something about a telegram. Oh, yes, yes. Well? Bad news, I'm afraid. It's about Myrene. What's happened? Apparently, she came out here last night while I was in town. While she was wandering around outside in the dark, she fell off the boat landing. She what? Yes, she drowned, Etna. Police recovered her body this morning. Myrene drowned. Oh, easy now, darling. It's a terrible shock, I know. Here, this'll help. Charles, Charles, poor dear. If I'd been here, I don't suppose it would have happened. At least the lights on the boat landing would have been on. Wait a moment. You said you were in town. Yes, at the house all evening. But you weren't. What?  There was no answer. But I tell you, Etna... Where were you last night, Charles? Where were you when Myrene had her accident? Answer me. Listen, Etna... You were here when Myrene came. She knew about Helen. You were afraid she'd tell me. You didn't know she already sent me this letter, did you? Did you? All right, all right. So I was here. And Myrene's death wasn't so accidental. Wait a minute. Where are you going? To the sheriff's office. Etna, now listen. Let go of me. I didn't have anything to do with Myrene's death. You've got to believe me. It was an accident. We'll let the police decide. Now you let go of me. I said... No, Etna. You're not going to the police. Charles. Charles, don't look at me like that. What are you... She's fainted, hasn't she, Charles? Fainted and crumpled to the floor at your feet. And you know as you stare down at her that you have murder in mind in your heart as you stare at her. And it isn't over, is it? No. You can't let her go to the police with her story, Charles. And looking down at Etna lying unconscious before you, a thought suddenly occurs to you. It's a way out, isn't it? A way out for you and Helen. Quickly, you pick up the folded sheet of paper. The letter Myrene wrote to Etna. Stuff it into your pocket. Then you carry Etna outside. Place her in the car she drove down. You drive it into the garage. You close the garage doors. Leaving the motor running. Wait. An hour later and it's all over. Later you drive Etna's body back to town in her car. Put the car in your garage. Again leave the motor running as you close the garage doors. Now all you need to do is return to the beach house and wait for Etna's body to be found in the garage. Knowing Etna as you do, you're certain she told no one of her return from Yuma. And you're sure no one saw her at the house at Little Rock Point. But you know you must get back there before her body is discovered. You take a bus back to the beach house. The next morning walk the half mile to the home of your nearest neighbor, Mr. Stanley. Good morning, Mr. Gilbert. Good morning, Mr. Stanley. I wonder if I might use your phone. Sure, sure. Ours hasn't been installed yet. Come on in, come on in. I'm sure we're too bad about the little lady that drowned, wasn't it? Yes, it's going to be a terrible shock for my wife. I'm almost afraid to tell her they were very close. Oh, you mean she doesn't know yet? Well, my wife is vacationing at a desert resort. I sent her a wire yesterday after you called me asking her to come home, but I haven't heard a word from her. A lot of worried. Sure, sure you are. There's the phone over there. Help yourself. Thank you. Hello, operator. I'm calling the Shadow Hills Ranch, Humor, Arizona. Yes, that's right. Thank you. I'm terribly sorry to barge in on you like this, Mr. Stanley. Oh, it's all right. It's quite all right. It's just that I'm so concerned about my wife, Ed, and I... I can't understand why she hasn't arrived or even answers my wire. It isn't like it... Hello? Yes? Oh, uh... Her number is 929. Oh, I'm calling from Harbor 929 operator. Yes. Hello? The Shadow Hills Ranch? Is Mrs. Charles Gilbert there? This is Mr. Gilbert. What? Oh. Yes, I see. Thank you. Is something wrong, Mr. Gilbert? He said she left the ranch yesterday morning. She was on her way back to town. I don't understand it. Where is she? No, no, no, Mr. Gilbert. No need to get all worried. She'll turn up. Well, something is wrong. I know it. I'd better call the police. Well, don't worry too much. Make you feel any better. Anything's happened to my wife, Mr. Stanley. I don't know what I'd do. I just don't know. Here's some hot weather mathematics for motorists. Take the temperature of the day. Add 2800 degrees the temperature inside the cylinder head of the average motor. That adds up to a lot of heat. Good reason why your motor needs the protection of signal's wonderful new heavy-duty type oil that's engineered to stand up under heat. New signal premium motor oil. Because it controls harmful engine deposits such as carbon, gum, and varnish, new signal premium keeps your engine clean, keeps hydraulic valve lifters from sticking, keeps oil rings free to seal in power and prevent oil consumption. And in addition, new signal premium stops acid corrosion. So you can now stop worrying about all these causes of costly repair jobs. Best of all, you get all this extra protection at no increase in price at signal service stations. So if you want to keep maintenance costs down and your car's performance up, make your next oil change a change to this remarkable signal motor oil that reduces engine wear due to lubrication 50%. Change to new signal premium motor oil. You've carried it off very well, haven't you, child? The role of the worried husband concerned over his wife's whereabouts. And your phone call to the police brings quick results. An hour later, the sheriff calls on you at the house on Little Rock Point, quietly informs you of your wife's death, carbon monoxide in the garage of your home and town. You continue to play the part now of the grief-stricken husband. And inwardly you're pleased. Certain your performance has more than convinced the sheriff. Then, he's about to leave you. Well, Mr. Gilbert, you said you were alone here last night? Yes, yes, that's right. I waited all night for my wife to show up. You sure she didn't? Of course not. She'd never set foot in this house. I bought it only a few days ago. Shortly before she went on a vacation. Oh, I see. Why, might you ask? I was just looking at the painting of that dragon. Impressionistic stuff, isn't it? Yes, yes, that's right. I understand your wife was always drawing. Quite a doodler. Yes, she. A doodle constantly, just a nervous habit, though. I was sort of wondering about that dragon picture. Looks very familiar. It's an original I had it sent out from New York. Yeah? That sure is different. It was a present from my wife. Never got to see it. He wasn't with you when you bought it? He didn't even know it existed. Maybe you'd better look at this. A letter? An empty envelope. Dressed to your wife at Yuma. From Myron Walker. Found it in your wife's purse. From the postmark, she must have gotten it the same day she left Yuma. Well, what about it? Turn it over. All right. You say your wife didn't even know of the existence of that dragon painting, Mr Gilbert. Yes. You also said she wasn't here at Little Rock Point yesterday. Yes, I did. And you've got a lot of explaining to do, Mr Gilbert. The doodling on this envelope your wife had is an excellent copy of that dragon painting. I think we can prove it to your wife's doodling, Mr Gilbert. Let that whistle be your signal for the signal oil program the whistler each Sunday night at this same time. And before you start your vacation trip, be sure to ask your signal dealer for a free copy of Lane's Guide, a booklet prepared by an independent travel organization to help you find good eating and lodging places. While no pocket-sized booklet can include all the good hotels, motels, and dining places, Lane's Guide covers a representative selection in hundreds of cities and towns, and a copy of this handy publication is yours free at Signal stations. Featured in tonight's story were Bill Foreman, Bill Johnstone, Mary Lansing, Joe Gilbert, Michael Ann Barrett, Herbert Lytton, and Charles Seal. The whistler was produced and directed by George W. Allen, with story by Joel Malone, music by Wilbur Hatch, and was transmitted to our troops overseas by the Armed Forces Radio Service. The whistler is entirely fictional, and all characters portrayed on the whistler are also fictional. Any similarity of names or resemblance to persons living or dead is purely coincidental. Remember to tune in at this same time next Sunday when the Signal Oil Company will bring you another strange story by the whistler. Marvin Miller speaking for the Signal Oil Company. Stay tuned now for the Horace Heights show, which follows immediately over most of these stations. This is the CBS Radio Network.


The next part is large intestine. The undigested food moves towards the large intestine. Large intestine is actually the last part of this elementary canal. In the large intestine there are also lot many folds, but this is not as highly folded as the small intestine. In the large intestine the food moves down and the cells of the large intestine absorbs water from the undigested food. So that water is actually returned back to the body and the remaining part is kept as a semi solid material. We call this semi solid material as feces. These feces are then moved down and they are stored inside the rectum for a specific time. When the rectum is full then the rectum sends a reflex to the nervous system called a defecation reflex and then these feces are eliminated. Now there are two related problems of intestinal motility particularly related to the large intestine and we normally experience these problems, diarrhea and constipation. Now we know that function of large intestine is the absorption of water from the food. If the motility in the large intestine is increased that is it is contracting and relaxation with a more speed then the result is diarrhea. What is, when the food is passing with more than a normal speed, intestine cannot absorb enough water from that undigested food and the result is a direct situation that is the loose feces have more water. The other situation on the other hand is the constipation. What happened that there is a decreased motility of food through the intestine? Certain food is moving through the large intestine slowly then large intestine absorbs more water more than normal water from that food. The result is constipation more harder feces in comparison to the normal ones. Both conditions could be treated easily. There are many medicines and there are many natural ways we can say if there are certain foods with the help of those we can normalize the intestine and motility. The other disorder we already talked about it, this is the of the digestive tract is the stomach the ulcer, ulcer could be produced at any part of the digestive tract but mainly these are the ulcers are produced in the stomach due to the action of sometimes hydrochloric acid on the walls of the stomach and ulcer is produced that is actually an injury injured part of stomach is produced. Sometimes it may occur in the astrophagus or in some other part of intestine. Sometimes in the stomach there is an infection by a bacterium called helicobacter pylori. This bacterium also can cause the ulcers for stomach though the ulcers are treatable but there are two ways to treat them number one to take medicines to reduce the acidity and the other is to we can say the preventive medicine that is do not take very spicy foods foods with which causes more acidic acid release from the stomach and so on. So this is about digestive system.


Natural resource management, natural resource management refers to the management of natural resources such as land, water, soil, plants and animals, with a particular focus on how management affects the quality of life for both present and future generations stewardship. Natural resource management deals with managing the way in which people and natural landscapes interact. It brings together land use planning, water management, biodiversity conservation, and the future sustainability of industries like agriculture, mining, tourism, fissures and forestry. It recognizes that people and their livelihoods rely on the health and productivity of our landscapes, and their actions as stewards of the land play a critical role in maintaining this health and productivity. Natural resource management specifically focuses on a scientific and technical understanding of resources and ecology and the life-supporting capacity of those resources. Environmental management is also similar to natural resource management. In academic contexts, the sociology of natural resources is closely related to, but distinct from, natural resource management.


Some 14,000 fans will be allowed to attend Euro 2020 matches in Munich's Alliance Arena this month if infection rates in Bavaria remain as low as at the moment. This could be a pilot and a test for other professional sports. Germany had not provided guarantees for a minimum number of fans as requested by European soccer governing body UEFA when the city was confirmed as Euro host. The Alliance Arena is due to host Germany's three Group F matches against world champions France on June 15th, holders Portugal four days later and Hungary on June 23rd. The stadium will also host one quarter-final match.


Essential oils are complex mixtures of volatile compounds produced by plants. They are composed primarily of terpenes, which are synthesized through the mevalinate pathway. Additionally, they contain phenols, which are derived from the shikimate pathway. The chemical composition of these oils gives them many beneficial properties such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, antimicrobials, and more. These properties make essential oils valuable for use in food and cosmetics, as well as in the medical field. This article was authored by Wissau-Defi, Sena Bellilli, Sabrine Jotzi, and others.


Okay, so let's keep moving forward and let's start to work on how we're going to do the branches So I'm probably going to split this into a couple of videos because there's you know quite a bit to Work with when you're starting to put the branches on there and the trunk is actually one of the more easier parts there So let's go into our graph here and what I'm going to do is branch off from here. All right, so The reason why is because I just want the actual curve itself or this line right here So the first thing I'm going to do or the first thing that I want to do Give the end user or the person who's using this hDA the ability to place the branches on a specific part of the tree All right, so, you know, you know all trees are different some trees You know their branches start really low some, you know, the branches start really high And they always usually go to the top there too. So We need to give that kind of control So I'm going to hit tab here and drop down a carve node and this carve node will allow me to select an area Where the branches will start to grow All right, so you notice by default the first you is turned on here All right, so what we need to do then is just turn on the second you And this will just give the artist the ability to change where the branches start and End all right. So that's what we're doing that for perfect Okay, so with that what I want to do From this point is I kind of want to I want to actually change the normal direction here So let's drop down another poly frame And I'm going to Do that same technique. All right, so what we're going to do is just put this to points turn that off and type an N for that and What I want to do then is reverse those normals All right, so what we can do is just drop down another attribute wrangle node like so and Really quickly just say at N is equal to Negative at N so the the reverse of that there we go So they go all in a different direction and we can actually just do the First edge and you can see that you know, we get different directions now. I would play around with it a little bit I'll probably leave it on that just for now So what I want to do now is that re-sample it so we get some more points in there Or at least we have the ability to change the amount of points that we want to use all right because This will determine how many branches are on the actual Tree, okay, so I'm also going to set this to a subdivision curve just so it smooths it out a little bit more cool and I'm going to change this to maximum segments this way will allow someone to determine how many branches they actually want on their tree Okay, we'll leave it about like seven That looks pretty good there. All right, we should probably move the poly frame down to the bottom here and do the calculation there and Do that like so so one thing I wanted to cover here Really briefly is making presets now if you're not familiar with making presets now This is a very simple expression here And so I might want to use it over and over again So you can come up here and you can actually go and say save preset and what it'll do is it'll save this little bit of code Okay, so I'm gonna say save preset And we'll just call this reverse Normals All right, save preset now There's a billion ways of reversing normals inside of Houdini, but I'm trying to keep it all centered around Vex in here And so that's why I use the attribute wrangle node So I definitely encourage you to use other techniques that you are more comfortable with But that's how we would do it inside of Vex. Okay, so let's keep moving forward here and what we want to do now is Creates random points basically or jitter these points a little bit now you can go and use the Point jitter here So if we were to go and use the point jitter again again I kind of tend to stay away from this node because it's really not that controllable But if you do want to use it you can easily just do the zero zero for that value and just keep that in once it's just going up and down in the y direction there and just kind of You know move those out, but you know, you don't really want to mess with the start and end point You just kind of want to do the inner point so To fix that what we can do is do a group range here really quick All right, and what I'm going to do is call this the inner points Do pts for points or how about we do pnt? points all right, so what we want to do then is set it to points and Let's just actually turn it on so we can see what we're doing here and then just move the start and end To one in both parameters there that way it deselects the start and end points And then in the point jitter we would go and just use That inner points now it doesn't always show up here. So you just have to type it in so we'll say inner points And you can see now. We're not affecting the start and end points All right, but again, you know, you can totally start to get this out of control really quickly And it's not really what I'm looking for. I want something a little more controllable. So let's go and do a different technique So I'm gonna get rid of that group range But I wanted to show that you could do it that way as well Another way to do is just to scatter some points so we can go and just scatter some points on here And you'll notice that we now let's turn off the point numbers. We have a ton of points So let's set this back The force total count to something like seven like we had up in our resample So if I were to actually just go and copy this and copy this parameter and then just put that into the Force total count like so. So now whenever I change the resample I'll get more points All right Cool So we'll just leave it at something like that. All right now what we can do inside of this scatter here Is we can go and uh now change the Relax iterations and this will allow us to get that kind of scatter points and you can also do the scale by radii right here or scale radii by Parameter And that gets you some really cool values too. So now you have lots of different ways to Create kind of randomized points All right, so that is that and you also notice that they pick up the normal direction Which is going to be useful as well All right, so what i'm going to do is i'm going to close out the video there And in the next video what we're going to do is create the normal directions for the branches to branch out from Okay


Labour suffered an extraordinary setback in last week's local elections in England, losing more than 300 seats. While the party did well, particularly in areas with city mayors, and boasted strong gains in places like Worthing in the south of England, it was hit hardest in those places which until recently had voted solidly Labour from Sunderland and the north-east of Dudley and Oldham. Preston Council then, like nearby Salford, was something of an exception. There the party retained the ten seats it contested, leaving it with a sizeable majority. Given the likes of Peter Mandelson say that Labour's problems stem from its policies being two left wing, this should be surprising. After all, the council is increasingly famous for its Preston model of community wealth building, more of that in a second. Which is why I'm so happy to be joined today by the leader of Preston Council, Matthew Brown, discuss the Preston model and what Labour's response to last week's results should be. Does it now need to become the party of English devolution, as Andy Burnham has claimed? And does it need to make a bold pitch for public control and ownership at a municipal level? Matthew Brown, welcome to Downstream. Hi, Aaron, nice to be on the shelf, thanks for your advice. It's been a long time coming and I think we would have come up to Preston had it not been for the COVID crisis, but I'm sure we will. Before we go any further, I just want to say to people watching, this is Downstream. We do a weekly show. If you like what we're doing, click like, click subscribe. I think about 40% of you watching this will not be subscribed. So smash that button. We get videos out daily. You might be more familiar with Tiskey Sour three times a week, but of course, there's Downstream too. Don't neglect it. And I'm sure regular viewers of Tiskey Sour, Matthew, are probably quite familiar with the Preston model, what it's about, what community wealth building.  Yeah, I mean, it's a lot of it's really common sense. And it's really trying to create wealth locally and actually be more resilient. So there's a more democratic economy. So it's about, you know, it's about trying to look at economic democracy, but crucially work with all our institutions to buy local, pay living wage, invest locally. But also the more radical side of it is more ownership in the local economy. So we're keen on work, our own businesses, we're keen on in sourcing, we're keen on establishing a banking alternative. We're going to build a cinema that's going to be in the ownership of the city. So the profits will go back to the community. We're looking at districts and community energy. So it's kind of like quite a transformative agenda really, but it does take time. I mean, don't think for one second everything in Preston is perfect. It's a very, it's an area that suffers lots of deprivation and deindustrialization, but this movement of community wealth building, very exciting. It's not just myself. It's Paul in Salford, Andy Burnham's on it now, Steve Rotherham, elements of it in Wales, but crucially there's an international dimension. So New York City, for example, are talking about worker cooperatives and, you know, even common ownership of data. So individual data is in a commons instead of with big corporations. So it's a very exciting architecture that we're actually discussing at the moment. And can you just very briefly give a kind of a blotted history of how this happened? Because of course, people are familiar that Jeremy Corbyn became leader of the Labour Party in 2015, but actually you guys started on this journey significantly before, didn't you? We did, yeah. We started around 2013 and a lot of it came from the failure of, you know, trying to get big, bring big developers to regenerate our city centre, the likes of Len Leeson, Groves, and a quite a traditional economic development approach. You actually get in many cities and many councils and that fails. So we thought we really want to try and be more resilient to try to regenerate our city centre through public endeavours. So our markets, our bus station, what the university is doing, it's all about doing it collaboratively and in public ownership. But crucially, we're actually, you know, we're encouraging local companies to actually bid for these contracts and they've been really successful and get local people on the projects as well. So it reverses that kind of culture you have in local government works, just basically a chief executive speaking to investors and developers and saying, well, we want to be resilient to actually have our own kind of like democratic local economy. But it's tough. It's really tough, really. There's lots of barriers against this way of thinking, but it's really getting into the mainstream now. Of course, all in the context of austerity. Given all that, given the kind of not unique offer, because like you say, that there's similar rhetoric and policies coming from Salford Mayor, now Andy Burnham, Steve Rotherham, two Metro Mayans for Labour. Given that, how was the campaign for you guys in Preston? How did you find sort of canvassing and what were people telling you on the doors? I mean, it was, I mean, things aren't perfect. Don't think about that very stretchy imagination. There is a general apathy with politicians locally and nationally. But what we did pick up on was a bit of inspiration, especially amongst younger voters. There was a sense that we appreciate that you're trying to do your best. And also as well, I mean, some of the stuff we did digitally. I mean, we reached thousands of people through Facebook and Twitter, but we also had an online campaign. So not a campaign, a debate. And there's about 1800 people in Preston watched it. And on that, I put forward a very strong radical message about trying to really transform our local economy and really protect people who might have suffered economic during the pandemic. So that was very relevant. So generally very positive, but people are quite cynical because I think they feel that politicians have generally let them down really and understandably so. But we're trying to get over that if we can with the powers and influence that we have. Because what you did was actually quite unique in Lancashire, if I'm correct, which was you stood, because you have three elections every four years, very strange system. Is that correct? It is. Yes, it is. We got we got we got a two-tier system. So Preston Council is comparatively small, but obviously big, big enough, big on ideas as you can imagine. So, you know, we got a third of our councils were up now. There was about six or seven councils, Labour councils, Labour-led councils in Lancashire. And we were the only ones impressed and who didn't lose a Labour councillor. And I don't say that with any pride because it's devastating. Every Labour councillor we lose is devastating. But I think because we've been on this for so long, I've been putting layers upon layers of it, whether it's a living wage, a local procurement of cooperatives or, you know, running the contact tracing service ourselves, we're the first to do that in Lancashire during the pandemic. I think it's resonated. It can't not have an effect because I think people see it in the media and they see that you're really trying. So, just to confirm that for our listeners, you ran 10 councillors. I think you've presently got 30 councillors, haven't you? And all of them were re-elected. And you actually closed the gap in another ward, if that's correct. So, actually, almost again? Yes. I mean, in Cadillie, we got within 250, actually, which was a lot better than last time because we're about, I think, 400 or 500 behind. And even in one of the real awards, which is generally conservative, a young candidate called Conor, I think he put on 10% of the vote, really. So, something's happening, which is positive here and he's booking the trend, you know, I can't say it's all down to community wealth building, but it will be having some kind of effect. They see most pandits, Matthew, would say that something like community wealth building is lost on average voters. They don't really care. How would you respond to that? You don't think that's true? It is complex in the sense it's a serious policy is involving the council and a number of institutions. But what they do see is they see our city centre that's been regenerated because we did wait for large global developers and potentially was going to semi-privatise a lot of our land to bring that investment. There was virtually nothing happening in our city centre for decades. And now, you know, we've got a shiny new market. The bus station's been rebuilt. You know, there's more money going into our museum. The university, along with ourselves, is regenerating the city. So people are seeing a physical improvement. And people also know that we've done lots to support, you know, to challenge food poverty as well before the pandemic and during it. You know, we've obviously done stuff challenging discrimination. So they see a very positive message from Preston City Council. I think it really has resonated. But, you know, the big part of it now, Aaron, is actually recovering from the pandemic because of structural inequalities of the last few decades. You know, it's really been exposed during COVID. And obviously we've got to try and lift people up. And that's going to be the challenge going forward. And was Brexit still being mentioned? Because, of course, obviously, there's a 101 issues going on. Like you say, obviously, the coronavirus has been the big story for the last year. But people looked at Hartlepool, three and a half thousand labour majority became a seven, eight thousand Tory majority voted 70% leave. And they say, well, that's because of Brexit. Was Brexit still a variable for you guys in Preston? Wasn't mentioned that much, really, which was a relief because two years ago, there was lots of anger about the fact that we still remained in the European Union. I mean, I voted to remain. It was quite a marginal decision, but I voted to remain in the European Union. So it wasn't there strongly. But I think there's a wider issue about this because politics is not the same as it was 20, 30 years ago. We've had a financial crash from that we've had austerity because we had to bail out the economy. We then had Brexit. And then also we've now got a public health crisis. So I don't think people want a moderate approach. I think people want genuine change. So in working class communities, especially, you know, people around the vote for Jeremy Corbyn did it in 2017 with a very radical manifesto of the order in things like voting for Brexit, because they do actually see it as change really in many ways. And we've got to respond to the fact that these communities 40 years ago would have had lots of social housing, they'd have had unionised jobs, they'd have had decent well-paid manufacturing jobs as well. And that's all been taken away.  And I think people are voting in a way that is actually trying to express that kind of like fear that they have really. And I think us on the left, we've really got to try and, you know, capture that and appeal and offer something that's going to appeal to them. It's going to be substantial really. So Peter Mandleton, I think speaking to BBC World at One or something like that maybe through today's program, he said that the reason, one of the reasons why Labour lost hardly pools because of Jeremy Corbyn, you think it's not that and you think it's far more complex. Without a doubt. And I mean, I think Ed Milliband said that in the Labour Together Report that, you know, it goes back decades, you know, it's not just about individuals. You know, in the 60s and 70s, you did have, you know, 70% of people in trade unions in terms of share of the economy. I think there was 65% paid in wages is now about 50%. The cooperative movement was much bigger than what it is now. That's not been taken up with those working men's clubs. You know, there's that sort of solidarity amongst working people. That's a lot of that's gone really. You know, we've got to try and get back to that to be honest.  We've got to get back to that kind of like solidarity really and do something that's going to be substantial because people are really, you know, they're really under the caution now. And what I ever say, it's not about personalities. I don't want to trash any individual politician or anyone else. I just think it's, you know, what do we actually want to win power for? And what do we do with the power when we get it? And I think, you know, the transformative Labour government with a high minimum wage, public ownership, redistribution of wealth, tackling the climate emergency, most people want to see it to be honest. And if we don't offer that, I think it's we're going to lose support. So Preston, like I say, along with Salford was one of the better stories in England. This isn't a gotcha. You can answer whichever way you like. I thought I'd give you that sort of moment of preparation. Keir Starmer's never tweeted about Preston. As far as I can tell, he's never mentioned it in the media. He still hasn't mentioned Preston even after the local election results. Yet, you know, they've run stories in the national press about we need to show people that we're on their side. Preston councillors is illustrating what that looks like in the 21st century. And yet the Labour leadership doesn't really seem to acknowledge it. Does that irritate you? Is there a reason for that? Do you think? How do you explain it? I think he's obviously probably dealing with just being a leader of the party, to be honest. He did actually mention it February last year in the Labour list article during the leadership campaign. So there was a mention. It is correct. He's not mentioned it an awful lot. I mean, Angela Rayner did attend our launch event, which was really positive. I know that Ed Miliband is quite keen on community wealth building. But I mean, I do hope minds are open because what we're seeing is an international movement. As I said earlier, there's potentially solidarity between radical American cities like New York and Chicago that are talking about alternatives to capitalism, to be honest, within the communities. And this country as well and how Merce potentially can link together, especially with Joe Biden being successful in America. I think we're missing a trick if we're just going to ignore that because this is very much an international movement towards having more democratic communities and economies where people are in charge instead of big business and corporations. I think it's very appealing to people. And I think also people aren't used to it. People are that disempowered and have been for so long. You've actually said, well, you can own a bit of this company or you can have a bank which is yours. They're not used to it really. So there's a process of education I think we need to do through the Labour Party, trade unions and the communities to actually say, well, listen, you do have a right to actually be a bit more in control of your economic destinies. But as I said, this is all a struggle here. But it's exciting that this thinking was nowhere 10 years ago. Now it's really spreading. Very true. So you mentioned earlier on, Salford, Manchester, Preston. Are there any other councils in England and the UK where these ideas are really beginning to be adopted? I mean, there's tons to be honest. And it's across the political spectrum in the Labour Party. You've got a really nice guy, Joe Cullinane in North Urshire. He's got a very radical community to wealth building strategy. So that is quite exciting in Scotland. It's one of the few Labour-led councils in Scotland. Oxford, they're looking to, I think, triple the size of the cooperative economy. So there on it as well, Mark Drakeford in Wales. I mean, we're establishing a bank with our partners in Wirral and Liverpool, a regional cooperative bank to lend to local businesses and people the large banks don't lend to. Mark Drakeford supported a Welsh cooperative bank as alternative finance. So we know that the big banks caused the economic crash of 2007, 2008 that we've joined from the community. Now, these are people's banks, which are one member, one vote, and they can lend to things like cooperatives. So it's spreading, but it's really bringing it to scale. And how you do that in a country where the Conservatives have made local government the most centralised in Europe. And my own theory is we've got to create our own institutions, like our own banks and council own companies and other things to get around that and cooperatives. So it's very exciting times. And in 10 years, this could be very mainstream, to be honest. I love the fact that, you know, because I'm actually very excited about the whole municipal socialism agenda that you guys have really been at the leading edge of in this country. But obviously, we're talking in this, the context of the aftermath of some terrible election results. So I'm trying to be downbeat, but I do love this relentless enthusiasm from you. I think it speaks volumes about the project itself. I'm going to ask you one more question about people who are very downbeat. Again, going back to Peter Mandelson, John McTernan, you know, they've said that in order for Labour to win again, it must completely renounce the kind of policy agenda that we saw from the previous leadership. And of course, the economist famously said that, you know, Preston, the Preston model was the kind of the Corbynite city on the hill. Given your success arguing for a very similar set of politics, what do you think the consequences of that kind of shift away from the kinds of policies we've seen in recent years? What do you think would happen? You know, if there was a very public break by the party saying we're not really interested in the minimum living wage, we're not really that interested in giving a pay rise to care workers or NHS staff, which is effectively what we have seen in the last few months. I don't think that's what the party believes, but that's been the, that was the rhetoric. It shows not to go big on that in the local elections, not going big on public ownership. What do you think the political overhead of that could be for the Labour Party? Because that's that's the direction that likes to Margaret Hodge, John McTern, Peter Mandelson want to go down. It's not about personalities. It's about policies that are going to appeal to people. And then when we get in power, it's going to improve their lives. And the danger is a lot of social democratic parties in Europe, like the French socialists and others, they've been overtaken by other parties. You look in Germany, you've got the Green Party now who are pulling ahead of all of them. And as I said, when you've had austerity and economic crash, Brexit and a public health crisis, people don't want more to say they want change really. So I just say, I mean, I just want people to have open minds and have a very friendly debate about it. Because I think having a debate about a balanced debate about ideas and policies, it's always a positive thing, you know what I mean? And, you know, I understand how potentially this can be seen as a radical agenda, but you know, it's happening in America, which is the bastion of free market capitalism, and then it's saying something, isn't it? So, you know, there are trends here, which I think shouldn't be ignored. Do you think the Tories could adopt this at some point? Or do you think there's the possibility of certain Tory councils saying, we want aspects of what they're doing impressed in? Or do you think that's simply not plausible? They are actually adopting little bits of it. If you look at the NHS long term plan, it talks about what the NHS can do in terms of where it procures and where they recruit as well. So even the Conservatives are adopting a bit of it that says we want to support local businesses and potentially look where we recruit. But obviously, this is a labour agenda, in my opinion, generally. And, you know, the more radical side of it around putting more public ownership in the local economy, and that is something the Conservatives won't be interested in. So, I think, you know, it's our agenda on the left. I think we need to claim it. But there are aspects of it that might appeal across the political spectrum, especially if you're saying you want family-owned businesses in the community to be more successful with, you know, public contracts there, and they're worth tens of billions of construction and other things. And, you know, until recently, very few councils, and even the government, they didn't really look where they were going, you know, and didn't need to go to outsourcing firms. Could there be one locally? You know, if they can't be brought back in house, you know, so it's a fascinating conversation we're having at the moment. Do you think the National Labour Party, and this goes beyond the present leadership because it was the case of the Jeremy Corbyn too, but do you think the National Labour Party is kind of fed to communicate your agenda properly? Because whenever I went canvassing, particularly in 2018, which is actually quite a good set of local elections for Labour, 2018, 2019, particularly 2018, because people were really open to the conversations, obviously, a great general election year earlier. You explained the press and moulds them, and they went, wow, why don't we do that already? Tory voters would say this. That's brilliant. Why would anybody be against this? So what I don't quite grasp is why, you know, repeated national leaderships have kind of failed to articulate this, because it, like you say, it seems such an obvious agenda. And you can see how it could be the mainstream in 10 years. And yet, people aren't shouting it from the rooftops. That must be quite frustrating. I think what I just think was, it might seem a bit of a daft answer, but even on the previous leadership, the likes of John McDonnell were supported, but with that busy, it was difficult for them to find resources to actually support it. They said a lot about it, and the community organising units, you know, sadly now no longer with us. They were looking to support it as well. There was a community wealth building unit, but at the same time, you had the co-operative party, which is seen as probably a bit more centrist in the Labour movement. They were saying exactly the same thing. So there is a broad coalition for it, but I think this is, you know, potentially going to be the new normal soon. So I just think, you know, leaderships, whoever they are, they need to get behind it. As I said, there are some in the shadow cabinet that do really support it. And, you know, I just think many of us Labour leaders locally, we've become quite independent minded, like myself and Paul Dennett and Andy Burnham and, you know, many others really. But you know, we just think we just got to get on with the job locally and deal with what we have in front of us. Because we're on the front line, we've got to respond to all the problems that we have. And from that, we're getting this quite radical agenda really. So I think it's quite positive in many ways that you've got quite independent minded Labour leaders locally in many ways. So we're kind of just thinking, well, we need to do this work for the community. And, you know, obviously there is support from the national leadership to a degree, but I just think we just concentrate on what we're doing locally and hopefully we can win up them over with the ideas. That's really interesting. So, you know, the idea that you're generating quite an optimistic positive politics, fundamentally, because you're actually having to solve problems every day, which often, you know, when a national party's fundamentally about being a party of opposition, that's not necessarily the case. Final question, because it came from Andy Burnham over the weekend, you know, he was saying that Labour needs to get serious about a project of devolution in England, that Clive Lewis kind of semi pushed back on that saying actually we need to talk about a fundamental kind of federal recasting of the whole country, of the whole of the UK. What's your view on this? Because obviously you're part of a very, you know, I think culturally unique part of England up in Lancashire. You know, where do you stand? Do you think, would you like Preston, for instance, to have an elected mayor? Do you think Metro mayors should be adapted? Would you like regions to have more powers? I'm really interested in your thoughts on that. Yes, I mean, things are changing aren't they? I mean, if you look at 15 years ago, the ID and the SNP went out 50-odd seats in Scotland, it was seen as implausible. But I think, especially with the pandemic and some of the things that many of these mayors have said, I think we're moving towards that now. We've got to have more significant devolution boards. The danger with Tory devolution is it's often devolved the cuts. So even with the Metro mayors, we're still one of the most centralised countries of the European Union, which is not good. If you go to Berlin, you can choose to municipalise the water. We can't do that here. Or if we try doing that, we'd face a legal battle from the United Utilities. These are the choices that people have. Do you know what I mean?  So I think the devolution is going to be genuine. You know, and again, my fear is often, you know, national politicians, they don't offer the change that people want. And then if you don't do that, then potentially, there'll be a backlash at the ballot box. And obviously, we all want to see Labour backing government as soon as possible. You know what I mean? People in across the country, we can't have any more years of conservative government, you know, and I just think we need a conversation about how best to do that. Getting us local leaders involved in it as well is really positive because obviously we're on the front line. I mean, to deal with things like the pandemic, which has been an absolute trauma for everyone in our community. You know, we've been on the front line looking at what's happening really and how to respond economically as well. So let's just have a conversation about it. I think that's the way to go. Can I ask you actually about the coronavirus? What big lessons have you learned at a local level? Obviously, you're having to coordinate this massive undertaking. What are the big takeaways of the last 12 months in response to that? Well, I mean, that was a lesson for me because I didn't get involved in local politics and expect to be in the biggest public health crisis since World War II. But what I did find is how disempowered local councils are, you know, around, you know, not running the contact tracing system when we should have done, they went around to that eventually.  You know, it really showed how centralized we are and how austerity has really made it difficult for us to respond. You know, it's been tragic and heartbreaking, hasn't it? I mean, the fact that they outsourced the contact tracing service to corporations who have no experience of delivering these outcomes, I think it's been really damaged how we could respond to it.  I mean, things like that, it's just been really difficult. So, you know, it does really say that if you disempower local governments and you have years and decades of austerity and outsourcing and other things, when something like this comes along, it's really difficult to respond. And, you know, people are going to be at risk if that happens again, really. But, you know, I hope and pray that we're not going to see anything like this in the lifetime again. But who knows, you know, but I think there's lessons to be learned that we've really got to support our councils and give them the responsibilities and freedoms that are needed, really. So, whoever wins, we can actually do stuff that's going to be quite meaningful. And how did you come to the conclusions around this kind of model, you say it's been sort of adopted since 2013? Obviously, Labour lost in 2010, you know, there was a sense of kind of intellectual malaise around the Labour Party before 2010 with Brown and Blair. It certainly wasn't stuff like this. So, how did you find out about this stuff? How did you get in a position impressed when we had a critical mass of people saying, this is how we want to do things? I understand, of course, there was the failed regeneration project with the Tithe Barn, I think it was called, but obviously, certain people had to have those ideas before the opportunity arose. So, what's the political background of people who are championing this stuff? Is it just stuff you sort of first observed in the US? Did somebody come over having seen that themselves? Yeah, I mean, it was, there was a cleanup, obviously, I'm quite a bit older than that. But, I mean, 10 years or so ago, there was a couple of comparative younger councils, myself and Martin, who was the Cabinet Member for Resources currently. We're quite keen on economic alternatives. So, you know, we read about Mondragon in the Basque Country of Spain, where you've got a network of co-operatives and how the life expectancy is better than other parts of Spain and the gap between rich and poor and parts of Italy, where it's a similar kind of thing, Quebec social economy. And I'm thinking, well, this is really, it's really in tune with our socialist values, but also there's an evident space that when it's done on that scale, you have really positive improvements for the community, both physically and psychologically and collectively. So, we were looking at how we could emulate that. So, you know, the ideas were there that we came across the evergreen co-operatives in Cleveland, where the big hospitals and universities bought goods from new worker co-operatives and they put them in the mostly deprived areas. I think there's hundreds employed in there now in the mostly deprived areas in Cleveland. We thought, well, this is what we want to replicate to a degree. And then it's kind of like it's really gone beyond that in the sense that that was one idea. We've only got about 50 or 20 now that were implemented at different stages, but it takes time. I mean, not everyone in Preston is going to be aware of this. I mean, there are benefits, but, you know, there's different things happening in different places. Some people have received a pay increase because of living wage. Local people have received jobs because there's more wealth going to local companies. Obviously, the co-operatives are coming along now. We've been trying to get our taxi drivers and have got them into a worker co-operative. So, yeah, some of them to challenge the likes of Uber, you know, so it's building that culture and, you know, local employment, local investment from the public pension funds. We've got some food co-operatives, food purchasing co-operatives that are starting. So, it's really exciting actually. It's good, you know, but it's a big tent approach really because the council is quite small comparatively. So, we need to work with the university, hospital, the community, even the business community as well to a degree to actually bring that change. But, yeah, it's the beginning of something potentially quite big, you know, and just watch what's happening in New York and Chicago, Google the Preston model, Google Community Wealth Building and how it's really expanded in 10 years. So, you know, come down and visit us at some point. It'll be more than welcome. Oh, my God, no, we will, we will. I mean, such a good news story is over the next six months and Preston is most certainly one of those. So, yeah, you'll have to carry our producer will have to be holding me back. Yeah. Okay, well, Matthew, we'll let you go and carry on with your good work. Thanks for making time for joining us today on Downstream. Okay, it's a pleasure. Thank you so much. Our pleasure. Cheers, mate. Fantastic. You know, obviously, we're talking about English politics and the aftermath of a terrible set of results for labour. But I think even even in that context, you could see that Matthew's enthusiasm, his optimism, I think justified optimism came shining through. Really fantastic guests. I think a really important topic. We'll be talking about the Preston model so much more over the course of 2021. Before I go, like I say, you're watching Downstream. This is Navarra Media. If you enjoyed that interview, if you think you'd like to see more content like it, please like and subscribe to this channel. But also, also go to navarramedia.com forward slash support help us build a new media for politics. We have Tiskey sour, we have podcasts, we have Downstream, we have articles, we print so much content. And it's only thanks to the generosity of our kind supporters. We recommend you pay one hour's waged work a month as a as a subscription, or we'd like to call you supporters. Or if you just want to make a one off donation, you can do that too. Like I say, navarramedia.com forward slash support Michael Walker is back tomorrow with Tiskey sour. Again, like I say, if you don't want to miss that hit the subscribe button. My name is Aaron Bostani. This has been Downstream. I'll see you very soon. I hope you have a wonderful day. Bye bye.