All right, let's get started. Hello everyone and welcome. I'm Rhonda and cabbage with the national trust and I'm glad you're here to join us for the last of the post conference workshops for pass forward 2021. Today we'll be talking about amending national register nominations. And before we get started I wanted to share just a few logistical items with you. This is being recorded, and the recording will be sent to the email that you use to register for this session. It'll also be located in the forum webinar library for viewing after the session. The captioning has been enabled, and you can activate that at the bottom of your screen on your control panel. And then finally we asked everyone to abide by our conference code of conduct, which I will be posting in the chat. And with that, I would like to introduce folks on our panel today. Jim Gabbard, who is the historian with the National Park Service. And Mike Donald, who is the National and State Register historian with the Virginia Department of Historic Resources. And finally Greg Smith, who is the federal programs coordinator for the Texas Historical Commission. So I'm handing it over to you Jim. Let's get started. Thank you Rhonda slide. My name is Jim Gabber. I'm a historian with the National Park Service at the National Register of Historic Places program. I've been with the program for 14 years as of Monday. So prior to that I worked for the Oklahoma State Historic Preservation Office. Prior to that I worked for the Indiana Landmark, but now called Indiana Landmark. So I've been in this business of looking at and evaluating historic resources for all of my professional career. So, slide please. We're here to talk about amending national registered nominations. People weren't aware that they could be amended that they weren't set in stone but nominations are living documents they're open working files. They paint a picture of a property at the time of its nomination. All kinds of things that can be changed in nominations they can be technical changes addresses for example. You know when 911 service came in and a lot of places change their addresses when old nominations just gave a general location at the corner of x and y. We can make those kinds of technical changes but more importantly we can add new information to nominations. We can make new arguments for even against significance. We can reassess periods of significance for property, and we can, especially those that have utilized the arbitrary 50 year cut off. And even sometimes we can revisit boundaries, expanding boundaries in some cases cases contracting them and others and in some cases actually defining the boundaries. You'd be surprised at some of the early nominations and their lack of actual locational information. Slide. So, anyone can create what we call additional documentation amending a nomination, we refer to as AD or additional talking documentation, but it must be processed through our regular process that means that only the nominating authorities can send the request to the keeper. The nominating authorities are the State Historic Preservation Office, the Tribal Historic Preservation Officer or the Federal Preservation Officer for those properties under tribal or federal jurisdiction. So in some cases this new information will necessitate review by the State Review Board, especially if you're adding new criteria, new areas of significance, or if you're changing any of the boundaries but others can come straight from the nominating authority so those technical changes or changes to add information that is not necessarily changing a criterion. So how and why do we do this. The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 is what created the National Register of Historic Places and it authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to expand that is add to and maintain which would be updating the National Register of Historic Places. So the keeper of the National Register, who is an actual person and who acts with the delegated authority of the Secretary may accept nominations for new properties, that is expand the register and accept new information regarding listed properties, maintaining the National Register. The regulations 36 CFR Parts 60 set forth the procedures for nominations and how nominating authorities process nominations, and the National Park Service must follow these regulations in order to actually list or accept nominations or additional documentation. So the National Register has been around since 1966, we've produced many many guidelines guidance papers National Register bulletins, for example, that can answer a lot of the questions you may have about the National Register of Historic Places so please do refer to our guidance before you are awaiting into the process of either nominating or amending a nomination. Slide please. So why do we do this. So if you've any of you have ever looked at older listings, especially those from the 1970s and 1980s. We'll soon see that there may not be a lot of real information in those documents. The documentation standards have changed and even acknowledging that some may consider today's standards as too onerous, we can all recognize the inadequacy of many of those early nominations. For example, prior to the creation of the tax credit program in 1976 there was no requirement for inventorying all the resources in historic district, whether using a map or a list. And there was no requirement for an evaluation of that individual resources status as contributing or not being contributing to the significance of that district. All nominations for historic districts are ripe for revisiting whether you're going to change a boundary or not, just having an inventory of the resources within it is very helpful. We encourage properties to be evaluated holistically, that is, all possible criteria or areas of significance are identified. The truth is that it only takes one criterion, and one area of significance to list a property. And in many cases that defaults to criterion C, which is the physical characteristics or architecture of the property. Just as nominations are not set in stone nor are properties frozen in time when they're listed. Things change, properties change, it's always a good idea to revisit older nominations for any number of reasons from alterations to the physical qualities of the resource to adding new stories, new criteria, new areas of significance. So, slide please. A nomination is an argument that a property is worthy for preservation, it is not and has never been a complete history of a property. So often nominations take the path of least resistance. That path is often criterion C, which reinforces or enhances the perception that architecture and architectural integrity are favored in the National Register. This is a misperception that is drawn out by the fact that most of our listings are under criterion C, and it's because criterion C is often the easiest criteria to justify. So this has led to a skewed perception of how people evaluate the resources. This perception is supported by oftentimes by Section 106, the federal environmental review process. And sometimes even by how the National Register or what is being taught in schools to upcoming professionals. So if you look at this picture, the Buck Creek Rosenwald School in Kentucky, this is an example of a property who lacks quite a bit of the historic design integrity of a Rosenwald school, but was still accepted and listed because the argument for significance and the explanation of how it can still reflect its importance and use as a Rosenwald school was made in the documentation, documentation that was prepared by a 14 year old girl scout. Slide please. So there are myriad reasons for why any property is nominated to the National Register. Federal agencies are required to identify and nominate properties under their jurisdiction, for example. The Historic Preservation Fund, which the federal government uses to help fund state historic preservation offices in their programs has specific grant programs ranging from funding for the SHPO, the State Historic Preservation Offices and Tribal Historic Preservation Offices to do surveys and nominations to specific funds for specific property types such as the African American Civil Rights Grants or underrepresented communities grants, both of which require either new nominations for the grant recipients or for older nominations to be amended utilizing that funding. Sometimes nominations are done as a result of federal environmental review and compliance. Sometimes potential tax credit projects will result in individual property nominations or even new historic districts. Sometimes it's just property owner who wants their property recognized. So the who and why, who writes the nomination and why it's done can color the content of the argument for listing. Since a property need only meet one of the four National Register criteria to be listed and in crafting that argument, some potentially important information may be left out. The good news is that those stories those other areas of significance can be added later through this amendment process. Slide please. Another misunderstood part of property evaluations is the concept of historic integrity. Integrity and significance are intertwined one cannot assess integrity until one examines the significance of the resource. Many of us are aware we see this done backwards all the time. An initial assessment is based on the integrity of the resource, which is inherently biased to criteria and see an architecture. So reconnaissance surveys windshield surveys surveys done by persons without right training or skill can all lead to a bias based on perceived integrity. This should work. All aspects of significance are examined and then integrity is evaluated based on the identified significance slide. So just a reminder there are seven aspects of a historic integrity location design setting materials workmanship feeling and association, but a property need not have all seven aspects. How the seven aspects are weighted in evaluations depends on the significance of the property slide. So that the seven aspects and how they're weighed are colored by the criterion or criteria under which any properties evaluated. As criterion a and B can vary greatly from C criterion a is events as we say criterion B is association with persons criteria and C are the physical qualities of a property and criterion D is archeology. So how we assess a and B can vary diff greatly from criterion C and how we look at D may be completely foreign to those who look at criteria a B and C. So criteria a and B are associative criteria, that is, there must be a direct and significant association between the property and the event or person. This places a premium on integrity of location of association of setting and a feeling design is a little less important depending on the nature of the resource materials and workmanship can also be of lesser importance. It is where the thing happened or where the person achieved their significance that drives the these criteria, and thus how you evaluate those resources. Under criterion C we're looking primary, primarily at the physical qualities so design and workmanship and materials are of paramount importance. Setting is very important and perhaps, perhaps even more so than location. We have listed any number of properties under criterion C that have been moved from their original location. Feeling is important and relates to setting and design and association maybe even of less importance. And under criterion D location is everything location and association setting is negligible, and some of the others don't really apply. So, an archaeological site that is buried under an asphalt parking lot can still have a high degree of integrity, even if you can't physically see it. Slide please. Other changes to nominations that go beyond additional documentation include boundary changes and removals and this is, these are part of the expanding and maintaining the national register. So here we have a small picture of Southern University Historic District. Southern is a historic black college or university and HBCU. And the boundary increase, more than triple the area of the district and recognize not only the growth and continued importance of the district, but also included portions of the university grounds add to the cultural significance of the place. It's not just its educational importance. And in fact the original nomination for Southern was really focus more on the architecture of the buildings and it was on the purpose of the campus. So maintaining the national register also means removing properties that no longer reflect their historic significance properties burn properties are torn down and since the national register is a federal planning tool. Removing them from the national register can be necessary as part of environmental review, but the record of the property remains so there is a permanent repository for these national register nominations. At the park service and within the National Archives. And that includes those properties that have been removed from the national register for whatever reason, necessitated their removal. So we still maintain those records for all the properties listed. Slide please. So that gives you an overview of how and why and what from the federal perspective. So I'm going to turn it over to a couple of my colleagues first Lena McDonald will show you what some of the work is being done in Virginia. Greg Smith will talk about things happening in Texas. But before we go I urge you to look at our guidance. Many of your questions can be answered simply by reviewing our publications. At the end, after Greg is done we're going to open the floor to the Q amp a and try to answer as many of the questions that we can. We're not going to get into into specifics about specific properties. We can't do that in a forum such as this but we will try to answer as many questions about the process, where to start, what to put into nominations in a general sense, and anything that we can we can answer without getting into absolute specifics so right now I'm going to turn it over to Lena to talk a little bit about Virginia. And I remember to unmute myself I'm very, I'm very happy about that. And also, my name is Lena McDonald and I have been at the Department of Historic Resources in Virginia for 10 years. At the end of the month it'll be 10 whole years prior to that I worked as a consultant for almost 15 years and I was really fortunate to work on projects and all over the country. Some of which were so, so amazing I can't believe I got paid to do some of them. And I actually met on one of those projects that I had to do with the El Camino Real, and that continues to be one of my favorite projects to. Next slide. For Virginia though at the Shippo. We have a very busy register program and in addition to having a lot of new nominations we do have a lot of requests for updating nominations to and I'm going to run through a very wide assortment of updates that we've had in the past eight years or so. Let's start with the easy ones and then move into the more complex ones. As you can see from the list though, the easy ones include if you have discovered a professional error and an original nomination, for example, if the wrong architect was identified for a property, and a person feels strongly that it should be corrected, we will process a correction like that from time to time property owners want to add a new property name. Often this is for commercial properties, because, for instance, we had a dwelling historic drawing that was renovated to become a museum and so they wanted to add the museum name to the cover sheet. There are also technical updates, like the ones that Jim alluded to where you may not have a count of contributing and non contributing resources, or you have additional information to add to the description or the statement of significance and and by that I mean, you're adding a new area of significance necessarily or changing the period of significance you're just adding to what's already in the nomination as it stands. Same thing goes with period of significance. Anybody who's looked at the earliest nominations from the 60s and 70s will know that the period of significance usually is very broadly defined and it's not always helpful for researchers now. And then we consult with federal agencies when nominations are updated and we consult with local governments and property owners who want to improve their preservation planning by having a more up to date nomination. And then sometimes there are field investigations that take place after a property is listed that demonstrate that what was stated in the original nomination is not entirely accurate. So next slide please. Each of the slides I'm going to show has is going to look very similar. I've got the image of the continuation sheet that we use for any additional documentation for a nomination. We always start off with an introduction, because we want to lay out when was the property originally listed and what is the purpose of this new information. So for instance with Marion's Historic District in Smith County. It was listed in 2000 and its boundary increased in 2011, and then there were corrections made to the inventory and sketch map in 2017. These were professional errors, and so it was not necessary to go through the process that you do with a new historic district nomination with property owner consultation and public meetings and consultation with local officials. The additional information was submitted for historic tax credit applications, and it also of course is helpful for preservation planning at the local level. Each one of these slides has the link to where DHR posts our nominations if you want to see those. I'll be happy to email anyone if they or if anyone emails me and says I'd really like to see an example of that nomination update you showed. I'd be happy to help me out with that. Next slide. So here's an example of this beautiful building where we were asked to put a new name on the cover sheet. So, and that's the only thing that was requested to be updated and so dutifully, we added the proposed new name. I'll pass the there's a thing in the way. It's the Southern Virginia University main hall I think is the new is the new name. And at the time of listing the school was known as Southern Seminary. So, and the reason that the cover sheet was updated is because the college contacted us and said that people could not find nominations to their building through things like Google Maps, because they didn't, they didn't know to look for it under a name the current name as opposed to the one that's on the nomination. Next slide please. Sometimes, and usually again, this is facilitating historic tax credit applications. Sometimes you want to have a more current and detailed description of the property and an inventory that lists out contributing and non contributing resources. So, classifying resources as contributing and non contributing wasn't even required in the register program until after the regs were revised, the national register regulations were revised in the early 1980s. This church in Norfolk was listed in 1979, and in order to facilitate some work on the property that the church hired a consultant who one who was asked to record the various changes that incurred had occurred to the property. And then of course, was that at the time of listing it was called St. Mary's Church but then it was classified by by the church as a as a basilica. I think it may be one of Virginia's few basilicas in the whole state. They also wanted to clarify the period of significance for the for the property. So they've done that as well. Next slide please. I had to change a setting quickly for the almshouse in Richmond. That property also needed to have some corrections not only because there was a little bit of conflicting information between a 1981 nomination and a 1989 update. It also was a desire to get a current inventory and extend the period of significance. This was again for historic tax credits and also for management of a conservation easement on the property. Next slide please. Okay, so for Jackson Ward Historic District, this is one of Virginia's most important historic districts. It's a national historic landmark. It's associated with the African American community in Richmond, Virginia, which is the state capital. In this case, we, the ship out decided that it would be of great assistance to to people who are doing various types of preservation projects in Jackson more to have a specific end date to the period of significance to work with. So what we did was our staff reviewed the original nomination for, which was in 1976 we also looked at the NHL nomination from 1978. And based only on the information that was within the nominations, we established an end date to the period of significance that was related to when a major highway project went through the neighborhood and bifurcated it. And if you guys have worked with historic African American neighborhoods very much you know that often there are highways that go right through them. That was something done in the 50s and 60s and 70s. And then transportation planners just sort of plowed through areas without necessarily looking hard at the cultural fabric that they were they were paving. So, all we did. This is a very simple nomination update I think it's a page is say that because the term bike was completed in 1958 we felt that the period of significance should end in 1958. I like knowledge though this historic district has never been fully surveyed, and there are additional significant persons who should be noted in the historic district, there are significant events that are not discussed in detail. The historic district is on our wish list for eventually doing a more comprehensive update and I'll talk about that kind of project in a few minutes. Next slide please. The federally owned properties as Jim mentioned already the federal federal agencies are required by the NHPA to nominate their historic properties to the register they also are required to obtain a sort of a current inventory of all of their historic resources that they're managing. And so what that has meant here in Virginia is that the National Park Service has undertaken a massive effort for almost 10 years now to create very detailed nominations for properties that were listed in the 1960s and 70s. And this nomination came through. In this case, it was for a historic district that included both privately owned properties mostly a residential neighborhood but also a unit of the Petersburg National Battlefield. So we sent the nomination update to the staff at the battlefield, because often they are so steeped in the history of the unit that they can provide excellent review and clarification on on events, and especially with the military history. I'm not a military historian so that's that's great to have that level of cooperation between us and the and the federal agency. Next slide. So, another type of property owner that often is interested in knowing what they have and what they should be doing with it are colleges and universities. So Hampton Sydney College was originally listed in 1970 very basic nomination as I'm sure you would anticipate. The nomination update added the information that's often missing in an early nominations it sets a period of significance it provides a comprehensive inventory and count of contributing and non contributing resources and it significantly expanded the statement of significance. So we have an example where the property was listed in the midst of major social and cultural change, and the nomination doesn't really discuss it because at the time that was current events it wasn't a historic one. But 50 years later, the colleges association with civil rights events in the county in the 1960s could be added and placed in the historic context and within the period of significance for the campus. Next slide. Another example where nomination update can be done without necessarily doing a top to bottom renovation of the entire nomination is Chandler Court and Pollard Park here in Williamsburg, Virginia. It was listed in 1996 so it had a decent nomination already, but the neighborhoods landscape design had been overlooked in the original nomination. Therefore, the update was designed was intended to add landscape architecture as an area of significance under criterion C, and also because this is a mid 20th century neighborhood that wasn't fully built out until the 1960s. So the community to extend the period of significance to end in the late 1960s, which allowed the entire neighborhood to be evaluated with contributing and non contributing resources and and so nothing that should have been contributing, but because of the reliance on the 50 year cut off had not been classified as contributing at the time of the original listing. So certainly this is helpful for preservation planning for Williamsburg, which is a certified local government. Next slide. All right, and then every once in a while a nomination gets through our ship those review and everything is based on what is known at the time of the nomination and then sometimes there's an opportunity after the nomination for very detailed and end up field investigations which is what happened with Cedar Lane and New Kent County. It was only listed in 2017, but it had a very complex history, which we knew at the time of the nomination original nomination, and then the owner, the current owner decided they wanted to do historic text credit and that included removing some materials to see what was underneath and poking around in addicts and and crawl spaces and basements to see more about the properties. So that was the construction history, and our one of our state review board members Carl Lownsbury who is one of the most well known architectural historians for Virginia. He led the investigations, and so he wrote a report that explained some how some of the preservation history in the original nomination was erroneous and that and then explained, you know what his findings were. Again, this is just considered to be a correction of professional error it's not meant to be punitive in any way you just, you know, sometimes you find out something you had no idea when after a property gets listed. Next slide. So, the next set of examples are going to be for really, really intensive updates that involved a lot of time, not a pretty considerable amount of money in some cases, staff review and so on. If you have a historic district that was listed in 1972 has never been the nomination has never been updated then almost certainly you don't have an inventory of that district. You don't have a list of contributing and non contributing resources you probably don't even have a very good description of what the district looks like. So you may not have start and end dates for a period of significance, you may not have a good understanding of the register eligibility criteria and areas of significance. And maybe you don't even know what level of significance would have been would have been appropriate for the district at the time of listing. So, some shippos DHR included, if we have a nationally significant property that was listed a long time ago, we would love to update it. Sometimes we can't because again it can be very expensive, but just as an example of one of the properties. I want to update sometime the nomination for Mount Vernon George Washington's home. The statement of significance is not even one full sentence it's a sentence fragment that says, Home of George Washington Commander in Chief of Patriot Forces during the Revolution and outstanding statement statesman serving as first president of the United States. We cover, you know the essentials but there's so much more that that would be warranted to include an nomination for a property like that. And that includes adding information concerning underrepresented communities. Virginia is among the southern states that have many dozens or scores of nominations where enslaved African Americans are known to have worked for generations. And the vast majority of the listed former plantations have older nominations and they make no mention of that aspect of the properties history. So, opportunities to update nominations like that to include a more diverse history is always a welcome opportunity. Next slide. The Lexington Historic District in Lexington, Virginia was listed in 1972 it had a fairly minimal nomination for the period, and the city of Lexington is a certified local government. They applied for a grant through the RCR CLG program to up resurvey and update the nomination. And so it's a it's a large historic district off hand I can't remember how many properties aren't it but it's a couple hundred I think. And so the resource counts in section five of the current form the historic functions were updated the description of the district and the inventory. We did add a new area of significance, which allowed us to meet the increase underrepresented communities goals that we have. And also just, you know bibliographic sources are always helpful to include an nomination for future researchers. And we had, we created a current sketch map, and we did not change the historic boundaries of this district it's important to note that if you are changing historic boundaries as well as updating a nomination that is not this that is a separate action than just submitting additional documentation boundary changes are are considered new nominations are handled that way by the ship and by the National Park Service. So, we could still have updated Lexington historic district and changes boundaries but it would not have been submitted on continuation sheets like like this one was it would have been on a new nomination form. And the rationale for a change to the historic boundaries would have had to been justified and things like that. So, certainly when you have historic districts, in addition to preservation planning and historic tax credits and easement donations environmental review is facilitated by having up to date nominations, because the the people involved in the project whether it's a road project and airport infrastructure like water lines or electrical transmission quarters or what have you. When they have a when those folks have a current or more current nomination to work with that just facilitates their work for identifying historic resources that may be affected by their project. Next slide. Virginia has a state stewardship program that we. It's essentially similar to the national, the federal government program where state agencies that own historic properties are encouraged to nominate them, and to keep the nominations current, you know by updating maybe every 10 or 20 years. So the Scott House was listed in 2007 and it's considered to be an architectural masterpiece for us here in Richmond. And the Virginia Commonwealth University owns the property and so they decided to rehabilitation work and they invited DHR architectural historian to be on site so that he could examine the materials that were being discovered and have a better understanding of the building's history. He then wrote the nomination update to include much more thorough description, even then the one from 2007. And he also found information to add a new eligibility criterion criterion be for one of the proper two of the property owners, and also areas of significance so he added commerce as an area of significance for one of the significant individuals. So you never know what you're going to find with with things like this so if your state has a law or a program that encourages preservation of state properties then this can be a great way to help having nominee nomination updates can be a great way to help with their preservation. Next slide. Welcome back to the National Park Service and our partnership with them. We have a lot of battlefields here in Virginia, Revolutionary War, War of 1812 and Civil War, and the National Park Service owns quite a few of them. They're generally nationally significant like Frederick's Bird and Spotsylvania County battlefields. Often these kinds of resources were administratively listed in the National Register, and it would be at least a decade for a lot of them before nomination documentation was prepared. And then often if those were done in the 60s and 70s then it's pretty minimal information so the Park Service has been going back to these kinds of properties and doing a very, very detailed and thorough nomination update it's not been unusual for these these nationally significant battlefields to have a 200 or 300 page additional documentation. And it's a really impressive effort that I think will be of benefit for the parks for many, many years to come. It also is an opportunity for DHR to work with the National Parks and improve our understanding of what is in these federally owned locations. Next slide. And then nationally significant properties as I mentioned earlier, we would love to get updated information for all of our properties that are nationally significant and they're not all just beautiful buildings. They often have many layers of significance and Takahoe is an example, it was listed in the registers and 68 and designated in NHL in 1969. And going back that far back. It was not a very detailed nomination. So, our staff undertook the first comprehensive survey of resources and created an inventory of contributing and non contributing resources for the first time. And then we did a lot of research to expand and justify the period and areas of significance. And the interest one of the interesting things about this property is that it was involved in one of the first major lawsuits concerning the National Register and the National Historic Preservation Act, and the environmental review process for findings of adverse impacts. And it's in the preservation case law compilation that is, I can't remember off hand of National Trust puts that out or if it's the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, but we wanted to include all of that in the updated nomination and extend the period of significance to include the settlement of that lawsuit, because it has been so important to how environmental review projects have been handled in Virginia ever since. So, you never know sometimes you're going to find an area of significance that, that, you know, you don't necessarily think, oh, that's that's a, that's totally going to be there, you know, sometimes you sometimes it's an unexpected layer. Another important thing with nominations that I haven't mentioned much yet is the mapping. Often, as Jim alluded to the early nominations have have very basic mapping. Usually there is just a topographic map section that is included with the nomination that has a circle drawn around the listed property. So sketch maps and photo keys were never, I don't think considered for inclusion and nominations originally but of course now that's a standard aspect of maps. So, we did create maps to current standard including one that shows the historic boundaries. And one that shows all the contributing and non contributing resources and another one that shows where the photos were taken, because this is a large property I think it's, it's, I know it's more than 100 acres I can't remember offhand how big it is but it's substantial. And it's been occupied since the colonial period so it has a lot of stuff, both above ground and below ground that needed to be inventory. St. Luke building in Richmond is another one that needed to be updated. This one it was updated to facilitate a historic tax credit project. So the building was listed in 1981 at the statewide level of significance because it housed a bank. That was very significant in Virginia history because it was the bank was established by an African American woman, and it was intended to serve African American customers during the Jim Crow era. So, the nomination update provided a more detailed architectural description, including a description of the specific activities that happened in the building on certain floors. Such as the first floor is where the bank was located. Another floor had a printing press for an associated organization that Maggie Walker founded Maggie Walker is a very significant person in Virginia history. So, all the, I don't know why in 1981 when the building was originally listed that criterion be wasn't used but it wasn't. So we added criterion be to this one for Maggie Walker's contributions in the areas of commerce and ethnic heritage. She is a nationally significant figure. There is actually a national historic site the Maggie Walker NHS in Richmond that's a couple of blocks away from this building. The NHS has her her home and interprets her life and her career, her personal life and career and then this this the St. Luke building is a privately owned property that is not. I think it's apartments now so it's not as interpreted the way the NHS is, but we wanted the nomination to be updated to current standards to include her career, despite that the NHS also documents that. And we did send this nomination update to the park staff at the national historic site, and they provided review and comments and suggestions that were super helpful. So, that is that for the St Luke building next slide. Malvern Hill is another Civil War associated property it's in private ownership but the organizations that own it are are planning to convey the ownership to the National Park Service for Inclusion and the Richmond National Center. So having a nomination update was part of this this very large effort to facilitate that that change in ownership. In 1969 at the state level of significance primarily because the dwelling on the property was extremely rare example of a 17th century house, and even though it was destroyed by fire in 1905 it was still. We still the property was still listed under criteria and see as well as for its military history. The additional documentation was done in 2020 and we did we did the very first comprehensive survey of architectural resources and an inventory. And then we did additional research that expanded and justified the period of significance levels of significance new criterion areas of significance. The battlefields level of significance was changed to national because of the its association with how the Civil War. I think it was the peninsula campaign took shape. And again, I relied on not just National Park Service staff but also a retired historian who used to work at DHR who's a military history. And we had them to make sure that all the military history was correct because I'm not qualified to do that. And then the other thing we did was create maps because the historic boundary, as it was shown in 1969 was pretty vague, and we, and in order to facilitate the property transfer, we really needed to have more current maps that were more detailed. We have a organization that is doing conservation easements or battlefield lands acquisitions or something else where maybe private nonprofits, like the nature conservancy and land various land trusts are working. And then there is a potential for either a state or federally owned property to be included, then nomination updates can really facilitate how those kinds of projects can proceed by providing a sort of a roadmap of what you're trying. What you know is there, what you want to preserve, how you can also incorporate other goals like if you want to do, if it's the nature conservancy they may want to restore some wetlands or create a native plants area and remove invasive species and things like that. And a nomination can help with, can help with that, even though we're not the register program isn't necessarily about dealing with native or invasive plants. Next slide. Then we have opportunities, as I mentioned earlier to include underrepresented communities. My favorite example, recently for this is the Lawrenceville historic district in Brunswick County. This district was listed in 2000 and for some context, the Commonwealth of Virginia introduced a state historic tax credit in 1998 or 99. It led to an explosion of interest in historic district nominations in order to facilitate rehabilitations and so when Lawrenceville historic district was listed in 2000. It was not necessarily intended as a comprehensive history of the, of the whole town or to cover, you know, all of the applicable areas of significance that it was, it was intended to get this get the district listed and move on with other things, but last year. It was, again, a grant funded project, this time it was through the state cost share program which is a program or the DHR contracts with the local government and we hire a consultant and figure out a project for for preservation purposes and so the town of Lawrenceville wanted to update their nomination to include more accurate and up to date inventory resource counts, but they also wanted to, to, to focus more on one of the aspects of the town's significance that was barely wasn't touched on as much in the original one that was St. Paul's College which was a historic African American school, and there were two individuals in particular who were identified during the research who were warranted inclusion in the nomination under criterion be for their contributions so we had an opportunity to get a historic district updated not only for preservation planning and historic tax credit purposes and that and that sort of thing, but also to flesh out an important aspect of the town's history. Next slide. Similarly farmville historic district and Prince Edward County. This is a nomination from the late 1980s. The farmville was the site of some intense civil rights activity during the 1950s and 60s Prince Edward County is famous, at least among history nerds for having closed its public schools for five years rather than allow integration of their schools. And so, when the historic district was originally listed in 1989. The civil rights movement were still less, quite a lot less than 50 years ago, and at the time of the nomination it was decided to focus on on the earlier history and not not try to use the criteria consideration for properties that have achieved significance within the more recent past. So, the period of significance used the traditional 50 year end date which is not something we do a lot anymore for the ending the period of significance. So, it was listed in 1989 and the end date to the period of significance originally was 1930s. So, in an update we expanded the period of significance to a hard end date in the 1960s so that we could take into account the civil rights events, and the historic significant person, the Reverend L Francis Griffin, who played a major role in the local civil rights movement. There were resources that went from being contribute non contributing to contributing just based on their construction date their integrity, their association with with the historic context in the district. That's one of the one of the aspects of doing a really comprehensive district update is that you are, especially if you change your period of significance you often are going to have buildings that flip from non contributing to contributing. Same goes with sites and objects and structures to. So that's something to take into account when you're planning a nomination update for a district. Next slide. Kentland Farm Historic and Archaeological District and Prince Edward County is the only only nomination update I could find. I admit I did not have a huge amount of time to do the research but I found what interested me about this nomination is that it added an archaeological sites that were significance. It's focused on slave cemetery, which if you if you followed news in Virginia in the past few years, the slave cemeteries are very hot topic right now in terms of better understanding of their significance. So this this particular nomination update from 2006 was a bit of a, it was kind of on the cutting edge at the time. So the updated analysis of the site significance and information potential added to the significance of the property under criterion D. And there also was an oral history project with descendants of enslaved persons which is something that a lot of major properties here in Virginia like Mount Vernon, Montpelier, Monticello, other other properties like that have started doing in the past five to 10 years. And, and those are incredibly valuable sources of information so I would recommend not overlooking that if you are considering nomination update for a property that has underrepresented communities who are probably not well represented in the historic record, but there still is a very strong oral history to tradition that can provide a lot of information. Next slide. Okay, and sometimes you can update a nomination that was recent like for instance the Meadow historic district was listed in 2015. And the nomination update was primarily just to add interview exorbs and personal record recollections of African American grooms and trainers who had worked with secretariat who is the triple crown winner from the early 1970s. I think 1973 is when, when he was the triple crown winner. So, even though the original nomination acknowledged that African Americans had been important in the training crew for the, for the resources at the Meadow. A later researcher actually was able to track down some of these, some of these gentlemen who are still alive they're getting up in years and she did some interviews and also found some publications of interviews with people who have since passed and so she wanted to add all that to the nomination. So we did that in order to have a fuller story about the Meadow and its nomination. Okay, I thought that was the last one I that's all from me and I'm happy to pass the torch over to Greg now. Okay, thank you very much. I will follow up with on a lot of what Jim and Lena have discussed with showing you more examples of nomination amendments that we've done in Texas. And then I'm going to show you examples that reflect our current strategies and documentation standards, especially pertaining to underrepresented communities, and then finally discuss some approaches to amending nominations to, to better reflect the broad communities that we have here in Texas. So as Jim mentioned, the, the, the guidelines for amending the National Register nominations form are are in the red bulletin how to complete the National Register nomination form. It's, they only cover a couple pages and it's more or less a list of the sorts of things that you can that you can amend a nomination for next place. So this is this is just essentially a copy and paste from the bulletin and these are all things that have been covered already and so we can move on to the next slide. Alright, so I'm going to show you some examples of some of some recent nomination amendments that I should probably add. I have been the National Register coordinator in Texas for 22 years and so in my time we've processed over 800 nominations. I would also add that the vast majority of the nominations in Texas are coming from outside our agency. And so it's rare that we will initiate a nomination at the ship of that said, we have a pretty good level of diversity in the applications that we're seeing due to a number of factors. But for those of you, you know, who have been concerned about how the National Register reflects American history, I often say, you know, look at it as an anthology with the first chapters written in the 1960s and what will you expect from histories written in the 1960s. Skip forward to the later chapters and you'll see a very different way of telling these these stories. And of course with the nomination process, we can go back to those first chapters and do some editing or even an entire rewrite so I'm going to show you some examples. This is for the main and military plaza's historic district. This was a period of significance and a boundary increase. What I always like to do is have a statement of purpose at the beginning of all the amendments that lay out exactly what we're trying to do with that amendment. We're going to look at the scope and some of our strategies on and on what we're going to be doing. And then it sets the expectation for the reviewer and the various readers who are going to be looking at these documentation. So here's just one example where we looked at a nomination from 1979. One of our goals was to extend a period of significance but also add some areas to the to the boundary and as been mentioned before. Once you start changing boundaries, whether adding to them or decreasing them. It requires review by the state board. It requires notifications of those owners in the affected areas. And so it is treated like a new nomination. And for those new areas or the areas where the boundary change has occurred, but the, but, but not necessarily for the already listed portions of the historic district. Next. So with the main and military pause as historic district what we did was add to two city blocks. Our general strategy is to whenever possible make a site visit and and walk through the district. We like to account for the contributing and non contributing status of all the properties within the listed area, then walk around the the around the periphery and see what could be added. So we have Google street view. There's really nothing beats actually being on the ground. So we do, we do that whenever possible. Next please. When you look at all nominations you'll see different terminology, so you will necessarily see contributing and non contributing. And when we do nominations today of properties is either contributing or non contributing back in the day in the 1970s. You'll also see the terms intrusive and compatible. And so one of the things that we try to accomplish when we're revising and the nomination for historic district is is make a new assessment of all the properties within within that that area. Most of the intrusives or a lot of them are are going to be non contributing but not all of them because many of them were intrusive because they were not historic at that time. And then we'll often see most of the compatibles with the passage of time and the extension of period of significance will now become contributing in in this case that intrusive building the frost tower, which was designed and they started its construction in 1973. That is now a contributing building within this historic district. When it comes to historic districts, there's some letter did for extending the period of significance beyond that 50 year point. You have to give a good reason. It can't be by a matter of decades, certainly without claiming exceptional significance, but by a few years it's possible. And so if, if you're a member of the audience and you are not part of the ship of staff, definitely look towards your ship of staff. If you have any questions about how to apply some of these strategies and then ship of staff. Of course, we have a good connection to the national register staff in at the park service. So we're not flying, we're not flying blind here. We have at the state level. A good connection to all the other national registered coordinators we keep in touch with each other so we can learn from each other and of course we can always reach out to the national park service staff for some more more informal guidance. Next please. So for example, this is the strand historic district, which became a national historic landmark in 1976. But again this is a 1970 nomination. And so there are lots of issues with it and so partly due to tax credits and the inadequacy of the nomination but also just so we had a working document that was more user friendly and up to date. We ended up doing a pretty extensive revision of this district we did not increase the boundaries, but we created a map where there had been no map and inventory where there had been no inventory. The period of significance was limited to the 19th century. Back then the form you would essentially check the appropriate century. And so the period of significance here ended just before the great storm of 1900, which was a seminal event in the history of the city and county of Galveston. Next please. Just wanted to show you an example of our updated map. As I said we didn't change the boundaries so the current boundary actually goes through a skyscraper number 89. And we just noted that that we weren't going to change the boundary just so we could include or exclude portion of the skyscraper. And so we were pretty strict with that. As I said, you know, we always have a statement of purpose at the beginning of each amendment. Whenever possible, we'll go through this effort to to when change a period of significance that will be applied to the entire district will do a whole new survey will create new maps new photographs and so forth and we'll also lay out new requirements and identify representative properties like we would with any other district nomination. But as I said here we did not we should we chose here to not extend the boundary because what we had to do was already a pretty extensive reworking of the old nomination. Next please. Here's just a couple of the examples of the types of buildings that that benefited from this boundary this period of significance change. So the 1940 Galveston cotton exchange building the 1929 skyscraper of medical arts building. Both of these were rehabilitated, following the state and federal tax credit programs. Next. Here's another amendment for the stagecoach in this is a antebellum stagecoach stop. And so the object here was to increase the period of significance and the boundary and you'll see why this was so important in the next slide please. So, originally the stagecoach in was nominated as part of a multiple property form and the nomination for the stagecoach in was just a few pages long. Some nominations under old nominee old multiple property forms might be only a page long, more or less akin to it to a survey card with a photograph. So here we wanted to recognize the significance of the 1960s expansion of what became the stagecoach in. And so we extended the period of significance, we extended the boundary quite, quite decisively, and we wanted to recognize the buildings and structures and landscapes through 1966. When stagecoach in was first listed, the criteria weren't even identified just areas of significance. And so we assumed those to be or interpreted them to be reflective of criteria A and C. Next please. So here are some of the of the properties and landscapes that are now listed in the national register. The stagecoach in the original antebellum building served as a as a popular restaurant and it's still part of this property, but we wanted to include the clubhouse building. There's a motel resort a great sign. That is a very visible landmark on interstate 35. Next please. And as I mentioned, you know, we can decide what the scope of the application is going to be when there's an amendment involved. And this is usually after a consultation with the applicants we have an understanding of what they want to do what their main goal is.  And in this case, this was also inspired by a proposed tax credit rehabilitation project, a boundary increase for the Blake and Hinkle lumber company in in in Paris, Texas. If you've seen the film Paris, Texas you have not seen Paris, Texas, because it was not filmed there. When they did this nomination in the 1970s. There was a very strict adherence to including only whole blocks within the boundary that something that we do not adhere to today. You'll see from some of the my other examples that we will be we will gerrymander a boundary as as necessary to include the highest concentration of related resources. In this case, there was this one little building across the street from the boundary. We did do a quick survey just to determine if there were any other properties on on the periphery that would benefit from a boundary increase at least in this portion of the district and we had decided that that there was there was a boundary. And so this was this building was built after the 1916 fire, which devastated the central business district of of Paris, and this was all that was left of a large lumber facility. Next please. You can see from this photograph that this loan building which is now sitting all alone was one of the two to brick buildings as part of this large lumber operation. And all of those other properties are gone. And so this was not likely the sort of building that would be listed individually today because it only reflected part of that large complex. It was still very much representative of the sort of buildings that were being built after the 1916 fire. And so this shared a lot of characteristics with the other buildings in the commercial district, designed by a local architect and, and, and so forth. And so we had a sense to include it as a contributing building in the historic district. For this we did not do an extensive resurvey of the entire district and we did not change the period of significance we just wanted to extend the boundary for this particular one. And that was after consultation with the applicant and getting an understanding of what they were willing and able to do at that time. Next please. This is the Vermont commercial historic district. This is another district that was that was listed. I think it was 1983. And these are black and white photographs from the nomination at that time and you can see the sort of landmark architecture and significant buildings that were included as contributing buildings at that time. Next please. And so what we, we did for this amendment was a new survey. And so we have evaluated the contributing and non contributing status of all the properties within the existing boundary. And we proposed an expansion to the period of significance to at least the 50 year point we actually tried to go a little bit beyond the 50 year point, but our part service review or at that time, did not think that was the right approach. And one of the other things we did as we walked around the district was identify other properties that would benefit from being included within this, this district, and for whatever reason, they were excluded. Some because they were not within the period of significance. Some were just a little bit too far from the core of the district and at that time, the standards for determining boundaries for historic districts were a little bit more conservative. And so the sorts of buildings that we included in the district included a post word apartment store, which is the top photo, the former Antioch Baptist Church which is a historic black congregation in Beaumont and then a commercial building that had been taken off the slip cover at the time of the nomination and excluded from the boundary. This was the first tax credit project I ever reviewed. They had already taken off the slip cover and pretty much revealed what you what you see there in the bottom photo. And so that was the impetus for this particular boundary increase. But one of the other things that happened in the course of doing this work was that we wanted to consider the significance of the 1963 first security bank, which was only about 40, 40 some years old at the time of the amendment. And so, since we weren't going to extend the period of significance all the way to 63 to include it, we made a case for individual significance of this building and added a period of significance just for this building. And the documentation that supported that including included a city plan that was published in the late 1950s that addressed perceived problems with downtown Beaumont including lack of parking, garish signage, things like that. And this building address many of those points including a good amount of the volume of this building is occupied by parking garage, which was deemed, you know, very important for downtown Beaumont in the post war period what to do with all these cars that are coming downtown. And so they had this large parking lot, this really incredible building with free so they and it fills half it fills half a block and it was also done by a noteworthy architectural and helped by well in pits who died tragically just a few years later. Next week. And then this is a Dallas downtown historic district which was listed in 2006 around the time of the 50th anniversary of the Kennedy assassination we work with nonprofit preservation Dallas who was interested in documenting all of the sites associated with the Kennedy assassination. Ideally Plaza had already been listed it was already a national historical landmark. I had worked on the nomination of the Texas Theater where we Harvey Oswald was apprehended. And so this effort was to find all the other potential properties associated with the assassination, it's planning, it's aftermath. And, and this was one of them was already within the downtown historic district, which is the municipal building the oldest portion of which is 1913, and then the large edition the modern edition from the 1950s. And this became the center of news activity after the Kennedy assassination because this is where we Harvey Oswald was brought and interrogated, and they invited news newspapers and and television reporters from all over the world. And there are photographs of this building with surrounded by TV vans and all sorts of cables and wires going up the front of this building to cover the event. And it's also next place. The basement the location of where we Harvey Oswald was shot by by Jack Ruby. And it's also the building where the cell where we Harvey Oswald was was detained was and after Ruby shot Oswald guess where they put Jack Ruby they put him in the same cell where Oswald had been. And so I got had the opportunity to visit this site a few years ago, and that is, that is the actual location of where Oswald was shot. Next please. So, when it comes to amending nominations to address underrepresented communities I first wanted to show you some of our current strategies for addressing this topic in new nominations. That includes the inclusivity in the nominators in the properties nominated and inclusivity in stories told. Next please. So, obviously, one of the. One of the key strategies is to list those places that are directly associated with underrepresented communities, places like the galvan ballroom, which was listed at the state level under three criteria. Which was the architecture. It was really about entertainment and commerce this was a live music venue that was built by Mr galvan who was very prominent businessman in part, because his children were musicians. He had taken on a love for big band jazz, and he did not want them to to leave Corpus Christi. So he built them their own ballroom, and they played as a house band, as you can see in the photo. This place attracted big, big names in music, including Duke Ellington, the Dorsey brothers. Next please. So, we, I have attended a lot of conferences and meetings and so forth where the question comes up about integrity, and do the integrity standards make it difficult to nominate list properties associated with underrepresented communities and so I wanted to show you examples where it's not necessarily the case now each of these. They're all three in, in, in Texas. Each one has its own story. And so what we're always looking at is the balance of significance with the integrity is as Jim mentioned, we look at the significance first, and the more significant of property is the greater lead leniency, maybe given when it comes to the integrity next. First, here's a Dr. James Dickey house. Dr. Dickey was a physician in in Taylor, Texas, which is a small city just north of Boston. And he was a doctor with his own clinic, but his clinic is gone that that building is no longer extant. And so this was his house, where he also saw patients as as well. And so he was prominent, not just for being a doctor, but also a civil rights leader. He was a champion for things such as creation of a park in the city for African American youth. He not only had African American patients, but also Mexican American patients, anybody who did would not be welcome at the local city hospital. And so he was a great humanitarian, even though his name is not well known outside of outside of Taylor outside of Williamson County. He was a real pillar of that community. And so this is what the house looked like when it was nominated. And on top of that, it had also been moved. Now it was moved you'll see in the map there, only one block. And so that was a mitigating factor it wasn't moved very far. It was moved to a very similar lot. And I can also tell it looked like it needed a lot of work and it truly did. And I followed up on on this just recently and I saw some photographs away it looks now and it looks markedly improved, but this was deemed as having sufficient integrity to be listed under criterion be for the association with Dr. Dickey and also under criteria in a area of ethnic heritage African American next. So this is the, the Knights of pithiest lodge the grand lodge of colored nights pithiest Texas which is in the deep bell neighborhood of Dallas. And as a five story building was built in 1916. The architect was William Sidney Pittman, who was a noted African American architect. This building had been through a lot of changes the cornice was gone. The storefronts were gone. The windows had been changed out the whole thing was painted a grayish color. It was painted as a bank for some time, the entire interior was gutted. And so this came into us as a part one application for federal tax credits. And it came down to request for me to write down some bullet points of why this should be listed, despite this great loss of integrity at that time, use use my my bullet points in addition to the documentation and say yes, that this retain sufficient sufficient integrity. It was a monumental build. The, the, the largest office building mixed use building designed built occupied used owned by African Americans in the state of Texas. So this mayor did special consideration. Next please. And then finally, we haven't submitted this to the Park Service yet, but we've had some good discussions about it. This is Anderson Stadium. The nomination was prepared by Rebecca de Brasco in Austin, on behalf of the alumni organization. Austin High was the African American high school and this was their football stadium. The high school has undergone and it's undergoing very dramatic changes and so this is the last portion of the campus that still had integrity. It's, it's still in its full for formation. Now at one point you'll see in the slide at the photo in the lower left, it wasn't asphalt parking lot. And then it was, it was reclaimed as a football field with help from Hollywood Henderson, a pro football former pro football player who gave funds to to reestablish this as a as a football field. The stands are gone. There are new grandstands that were were built. They're not the capacity that the original stands were. But even those stands could not hold the up to 6000 people that sometimes attended footballs of football games here also track me marching band. And so, there are other buildings surrounding it, the ticket booth, the field house, and, and so forth, that still gives you that feeling that you are, you know, experiencing being in a football field. And, and so after some consultation with staff at the park service that was a strategy that we use going forward. Also, this is very important. This is another high school football stadium in Texas, a few miles away. That was used by every high school football team, except for the African American school. In many cities, most cities with segregated high schools and segregated football teams the African American school at least got to play in the municipal football stadium. So, I'm going to go through some other nominations that that we've done where we address underrepresented communities in different ways. So this is the Children's Commercial and Civic Historic District. This is one of those rare nominations that we did initiate at the state level, at the state level through the SHPO office, working with the Texas Main Street Program. And so, Children's is in the southeast corner of the Texas Panhandle. And as you can see, it's got magnificent brick streets, a great collection of commercial buildings. We extended this boundary to include high school campus and also park. Next, please. And so in the, in the map on this slide, the lower portion of the district, the lower portion of the district, the lower portion of the district. Is perpendicular to the railroad tracks. The depot is unfortunately gone. That's the commercial area and also where the county courthouse and the, and the municipal building are, and then as you travel northeast is the high school campus. And then finally at the very top, that largest area is the municipal park with WPA football stadium and baseball field national youth administration work throughout in the course of doing the survey for this historic district. We became aware of the Rhodes School, which was the African American school. And I had the pleasure of meeting some of the alumni, they were interested in getting their campus also listed in the national register, the school was gone. The school was gone. But the gymnasium, which was a significantly larger investment on the part of the district was still standing and was had really great integrity as, as was that the original playground with the original playground equipment. This wasn't just the high school, this was the African American school for all grades, whereas the, the campus within the consiguous boundary of the district was a high school campus only. And as I said, it was a really magnificent campus. And so our strategy here was, well, what, what do we do. This school should be recognized. The scope of this nomination our original intent was to be very comprehensive. And what do we do with this other school eight blocks away and so my thought was well we could nominate it individually, but why not recognize segregation the reality of segregation and the separateness that was part of that within this nomination and and do a discontinuous district with the reason being that if not for segregation there would not be this other campus and that is why it is separate. So I ran it by our Park Service reviewer probably sign in and and he agreed that that was a good approach. I don't know of any other district quite like this. If there are others I'd be interested in, in, in knowing about it, or else I'll just keep saying that ours was the first until I'm shown otherwise. Next please. We come up with some program of strat strategies that apply to all of our nominations a few years ago, we did a nomination for the Monte Verde plantation in East Texas, and through the course of doing that. One of our staff did a lot of research and came up with great documentation about all the enslaved peoples that that lived there and work there that literally built this place. So we decided that obviously we'll have to apply criteria and a ethnic heritage African American, and then we decided at that point that anytime we do a nomination for a plantation in the future will just add criteria and a ethnic heritage African American because that place would not exist without the enslaved people built it worked it. And so that came our new office policy. Next. We had segregation in new nominations like this example the Edna theater. This came to us from the folks in Edna in Jackson County that were proud of this theater, which is a landmark in Edna with gigantic mast with the neon signage and the name of the theater. And in the course of doing this we asked well what a, how was segregation handled in this particular property. And we discussed the second balcony that was reserved only for African American use, and then a separate staircase that led from the exterior, where a small concession stand at the door where African American attendees would would get their popcorn and what have you walk up this flight of stairs and sit in this section of the theater. And so that wasn't the main focus of the nomination but it had to be included in there so we that's standard for us new nominations for theaters for any segregated historically segregated facility that was used and especially designed with segregation in mind support houses gels depots well documented examples. Next please. And then the Pittsburgh commercial historic district this was another project that we did with our main street program. And when I mentioned Jerry Mandarin districts you can see here. The, the district map that odd shape that really is reflective of the original layout and the planning and make perhaps lack of planning in this particular city in East Texas, and also the way of the streets address the intersection of two railroad lines just on the west side. One of the things that was very interesting about this particular district I don't know of any other examples in the state was that the buildings ran from street to street, and so the backs of the buildings are not on allies they are on streets, and those were the historic African businesses for these businesses that line the main streets. And this was consistent this is well documented. And so we address that even though it's not something that you see necessarily. Once you understand that history, then you can start recognizing some of the physical evidence of it. Next please. And this is a recent nomination as well we've not submitted it get to the park service where we address segregation. I also wanted to know that we're not just looking at African American history but also Latino history. We're working on nominations for disability history we've done nominations with focus on women's history. Next please. And we also acknowledge systemic exclusion and so we do nominations for suburban subdivisions and so forth where these were white spaces created, you know, by and for white, the use of white people. And we note that and so there's an African American story in all of these properties as well, and it's a basis of exclusion, and how that was facilitated was it through deed restrictions. And so we did it through what's generally understood nationwide as discriminatory lending practices and governmental policies and laws and so forth that that perpetuated segregation in in housing. Next. And so I'll end with some of our approaches to amending nominations include underrepresented communities. I wanted to show those examples of our approaches to new nominations because the whole idea of an amendment is to bring an old nomination up the current standards so I wanted to show you what our current standards and approaches were. And so we were working on some projects, they're underway but I wanted to touch upon some of them. Next please. So, where to begin. Look around in the state where you are. I would say easy pickings would be starting with the earliest nominations. The ones that have the weakest documentation and are going to be more apt to ignore some of these stories. And so, for example, in Texas, our first listing we had nine listings in 1969 on the same day. Six of those were in Marion County, where during the 19th century. During the Civil War, the enslaved population vastly outnumbered the non enslaved population and so there's a lot of opportunity to examine African American history in that city that would have been barely mentioned in most of these nominations and the other three lists listed on that first day we're in Galveston, which had the largest slave market west of New Orleans. So, a lot of opportunity there. Next please. And so, again, I mentioned places like depots where if you look at the historic plans you will see the identification of a Negro waiting room in a white waiting room and baggage rooms and so forth. And so, these are the leaders as as well, whether by design or through practice that were routinely segregated. Any antebellum property in the south for sure. But certainly not limited to those properties but again, these are the ones if you're interested in doing this. These are the ones are probably most in need and might be a little bit easier to start with. Next please. I'm with Dr Tara Dudley, who teaches at the University of Texas at Austin, and she, she teaches a class called African American experience in architecture, she's also an expert in interiors. She has had some of our students looking at previously listed properties and so we are working on an informal basis to have student work become the basis of new National Register amendments and so one of these is for the Neal Cochran House for which he's been doing extensive documentation and her students have been doing a lot of work on the property itself and providing context for the neighborhood it's in. Next please. This property is adjacent to a historic Freedmen's Community called Wheatville. And, and so here on the Neal Cochran House property is the former slave quarters there in plain sight. This is the only documented slave quarters in in city of Austin. And so this is obviously ripe for a new interpretation and documentation. And so these are the sorts of projects that that Dr Dudley and I are looking forward to collaborate on in the future. Next. That's it for me, I neglected to put my email on here, but I can keep it real easy and say it's NR as a National Register at THC Texas Historical Commission dot Texas dot gov and you'll be able to reach me that way if you have any questions about specific properties or any of the approaches that we've taken today that we can't get to through the question and answer period. Thank you. Hi Greg, thank you very much. Lena, you may want to unmute. We've got a few minutes left. And I've been frantically typing away at the Q&A is as best as I can but I did leave some of them to answer from us. So I'm just going to work my way down. We may not be able to get to all that all of them in the next few minutes but I'm going to try. From Caitlin. How is the NPS and SHPO addressed how integrity is assessed for African American sites. These sites largely don't have a standard level of integrity how ever they have ample significance. And what I would like to say is the the flexibility of the seven aspects of integrity are built in to helping you assess what is the most important aspect of integrity. As it relates to the significance of the resource in this case it may be a building it may be a collection, a historic district. So what we're looking for is an explanation of how the significance of the resource is reflected in its current appearance. So you may have artificial siding you may have windows changed you may have additions or subtractions or the condition may not be good. What we're looking for is an explanation of why the building or the district or whatever the resources still retain sufficient integrity to reflect its significance. So we don't have a hard and fast rule that says it must have this it must have that what we're asking for is a reason to explanation for why it has sufficient integrity. Anybody else want to jump in on that. I'm sure I would like to add that I feel that there often can be unintended class bias and how properties are evaluated for eligibility in terms of their integrity properties may not ever have had any workmanship or great design and materials. And it doesn't matter, because that's not what what makes the property significant it's significant for an association with an event or a person, or type a resource type. You know, great example being shotgun shotgun houses, insert some states. And I always caution people not to say that a property doesn't have integrity just because it, it doesn't have fine quality materials. And I also think it's important to take into account the context of the alterations that may have been undertaken. For sometimes the installation of aluminum siding, for instance, was a huge improvement for a building. And it should not be it for the property owner it was a big deal to have it installed. And so preservationists I think are incorrect to come back and say oh well it's been altered, and it doesn't have integrity. And that's a, I think that's too limited of a view. So, I wrote this in one of the Q&A questions. An example here in Virginia that is always at our forefront is African American churches from reconstruction up through the mid 20th century, most of those churches that were frame construction, especially in rural areas. Often as seen as they had the resources the congregation would put a brick veneer on those buildings, because to them that was a symbolic of, of what they wanted to convey about their property and their congregation. So, you know, we would not say that a building that got a brick veneer in 1970 lost its integrity, because the motivation for that alteration is part of the property significance, its association with congregation that maybe has endured since 1970 and reconstruction and the Jim Crow era and the civil rights movement and things like that and by 1970 in their context, in addition to all those historic periods they also had changing the financial circumstances and we're able to get a brick veneer finally. I would, I would strongly advise anybody who's worried about integrity on properties to make sure that they're not looking at it through a class based lens. All right, our next question from Eric. Have NPS ever given thought to allowing a rolling period of significance. Well, not exactly sure what you might mean by that. But we do have a lot of flexibility in the quote 50 year rule. To actually rule what what we have is a criteria consideration that says the properties that have achieved significance within the last 50 years must demonstrate that exceptional importance. Exceptional importance can mean many things and exceptionally important at a local level does not necessarily mean exceptionally important at a national level. I encourage my states when they're submitting nominations to do is to acknowledge that a property may have continued significance, while still claiming a period of significance that ends at the arbitrary 50 year period so if you have a historic commercial where the commercial viability and importance of the downtown continued up to a point, it may be to the present or it may be to a point where an interstate was finally completed and sucked a lot of the business away from the downtown. So acknowledge that in the nomination, but use the 50 year period for that submission by acknowledging the potential or continued significance later in time. It makes it much easier to justify amending it at a later date. So, and if the real period of significance something that is easily defined cuts into the 50 year period for a little bit, then we don't really ask that you try to justify that so we'll say, you know, let it go. Let it go two, three, four years into the 50 year period, use the real period of significance. Yes, and that's the strategy that we take advantage of whenever possible. One of my interests, especially after doing this for as long as I have been seeing how quickly not older things became outdated, but I have an interest in making sure that the nominations have, you know, a shelf life beyond the year that it's listed and so whenever possible. If there's any chance of making a case for exceptional significance I'll always advise an applicant let's let's try it and see what happens. One of the things I believe very firmly in is not having our state office be more strict than the Park Service. If the Park Service allows it there's no reason for us to stand in the way. If somebody wants to try something new something something different something that maybe, you know, is not done as frequently in other states. I want this to be as open a processes possible. It makes it more interesting. It gives the nominations more of a shelf life and it makes the whole program more relevant to more of more people. Yeah, on that same points, we get a lot of multiple property cover documents multiple property submissions that have specific dates right there in the title that it makes no sense unless you're doing something like new deal resources of Texas. Well obviously it's going to be 1933 to 1942 because that's a specific period of of time but if you're doing, you know, residential resources of Fort Worth don't ended at 50 years because they still build houses they have been so leave it open ended so that that multiple property cover document can be amended in the future to acknowledge more recent things from Scott we have a district that was listed 25 years ago took 20 years to become local. Can we amend the district to include previously ineligible properties and also expand without having to re survey the entire district. And the overlook relates to one earlier with a woman named, I think was Caitlyn. If you're increasing the boundary, doing what we call a boundary increase that boundary increase stands alone. It is evaluated on its own merits, and we look at the resources only within that boundary increase. So if you're doing an amendment to an existing district. Unless you're trying to establish that one building in there is changing its status from contributing to non contributing, because something has changed about that building, remove a slip cover something like that. We do not recommend doing them piecemeal, we would recommend that you really reevaluate the entire district, especially if you're adding an area of significance or changing a period of significance, because now you have to evaluate those resources based on that new area and or period of significance. So I was talking about how communities can go about updating nominations, but weighing that against the cost. And that is that is an issue. I've always been a firm believer when I worked for a state office. And until now that the nomination process should be accessible. It shouldn't be rocket science. And sometimes the expectations of various review boards can be a little high and stringent, but the state preservation office is there to help in the process and I believe that any community organization should be able to find someone who can string some sentences together, who can create a nomination or an amendment to a nomination without having to hire a professional. That's my opinion. I'd also say when it comes to review boards that are maybe not as open minded. We can't always choose who our review boards are at the state level is as an applicant, no, no your rights know the regulations there, there is an appeal process there is a way to see to it that your nomination is considered. I always recommend to, you know, certainly to my staff to my students at UT and applicants as well read the regulations or I'll help interpret them. So everybody knows what the rules are and what your rights are. That's that's very important because it's they're they're laid out that's those are the rules of the game, and it's easier to play when you know what the rules are. Right, I've got two more that I want to get to in the next two minutes so I'll try very quickly April France we're working on an amendment for a church listed under C will be adding a and B the criterion C description is not factually wrong but lacking by today's standards. Does the first time prepare need to rewrite the C portion or can they just focus on new documentation. They do not have to address the previous criterion, you can submit it only under the documentation under a and B if you like in Kirsten. How do you assess propose amendments to remove criteria and significance that were present and accepted in the original or existing nomination. In the case where a park was listed in 1999 with an under a B and C, the state board is considering a proposed amendment to remove B and C as significant, and only listed under a the original nominate tour is vehemently opposed saying that the site has not lost information in the last 50 years, but one of one of the conditions under which a property can be removed from the National Register would apply here and that is error in professional judgment, or new information that demonstrates that it didn't meet the the criterion. And provide us information that justifies removing a criterion that's as valid an amendment as adding a criterion. All right, I think we are budding up against four o'clock and I may not have gotten to all the answers. I apologize, but we have a limited amount of time and the National Register is a topic that can take a while. So, Rhonda. Yeah, thanks to Jim and Lena and Greg for your wonderful knowledge and experience on this topic and answering nearly all the questions I think there were dozens of questions that you typed an answer to Jim so thank you and others. Thank you for that. And thanks to all of you for tuning in to our final post conference workshop for Pass Forward 2021. Thanks all.


Now, today's main topic is the meme stocks, which are going crazy. So what are the meme stocks? Obviously, as you guys know, meme stocks are AMC, GME, and BBBY, okay? So early in 2020, early in 2021, the Wall Street Bets movement started to squeeze these stocks because they were heavily shorted, the hedge funds were shorted, and the retail traders were trying to fight against the hedge funds and ended up squeezing these stocks, right? Now, after a year, after two years, you would think that these stocks are no longer in play, that there's no more action on that, that trend is done, that trade is done. Oftentimes, these sectors, right, so this is the meme stocks sector, oftentimes these sectors maybe run for a few months and then they come back down. They definitely don't run for a few years, but AMC and GME have altered reality because there's so many believers.