Hey everyone, Dylan Schumacher with Citadel Defense, and today I want to talk about the NBT Duffel bags from 511. So I have two of them here. I have kind of a medium-sized one here and the smaller-sized one here. I got these about a year, a year and a half ago, so I've had them for some time, used them on a couple different trips. Originally, I purchased them because I wanted them as a weekender bag, just a bag to throw some clothes in for a weekend because I didn't really have a good weekend duffel bag. And so I bought them both, I got them on sale, so I got them, I think, for around half off, I think I paid about 35 bucks for this one, about 45, $48 for this one. And I didn't really know what size to go with, so I just got them both to just kind of check it out. Turns out the smaller size is the correct weekend bag size. So we'll go through them, they're identical, except for volume, and just kind of go through the features here. So we'll start with the small one, like I said, they're pretty much the same bag, it's just in terms of volume that is the difference. So we'll show you the small one and then we'll just briefly look at the larger one. So this is the smallest one that it comes in. I think this is about a 500 dinier nylon, maybe a little lighter, I honestly don't know what the exact numbers are, I'm sure you can look that up on the good old interwebs. I will say this logo here is a little noxious to me. It's a little gaudy, I could just do without that, that's me, but whatever. This is the double tap pattern or color scheme, just so you know, it's kind of like a bluish gray, I don't know if that comes across on camera clearly. But simple zip top, on the inside here you have this little C3 mesh kind of zip pouch that you can store stuff in here. When you open it up, there's nothing in here.  And it detaches here with these clips which you should be able to see that right there. So you can remove that, that's removable. They say you can put laundry or toiletries or whatever in that. I don't know anybody who packs without a toiletries bag. So I don't really put too much in here, but it's there. You can remove it if you don't like it, okay? Other than that, it's just a decent sized little weekend bag. And you can fit a pair of shoes, a couple changes of clothes, everything you'd need for a weekend or even like maybe up to four days, it's like a long weekend. You could really legitimately fit in this bag. So it's fantastic in that regard, it's the perfect size. The handle, they have a Velcro closure here to keep together and they have some kind of, I'm guessing it's plastic, some kind of plastic stiffener in here which lets the handle retain its form when you pick it up and grip it together, which I like that. That was a nice feature that was well thought out. You know, you could usually, it'll come apart and it sags on your hand. It causes, I don't know, discomfort, but they did a good job of stiffening that handle. The other thing I really like about this bag is that they put the handles all over it. So they got a drag handle on this side and they got one on this side. I like that because when you're putting it in and out of the vehicle, you can pick it up by both ends if you need to or when I put it in the vehicle, I can grab this handle and then pull it out. I just think that's a cool feature. I enjoy that. I use those all the time. I wish more duffel bags had kind of end handles like that. And these are no-nonsense handles. I mean, if you've owned a 511 bag in the past, you know how they stitch their handles, but they're all intense stitched for way more weight than I would ever put in this bag. So it's just a nice feature. On the front here, they have a little Velcro patch of Mali so you could put another pouch on or whatever. This is just a tiny zip pouch for just helping you want to put on the outside, maybe like a phone charger or whatever, you know, something that should need a little quicker access to. They have these nice little compression straps here. They don't go all the way around the bag or anything like that. They're just, you know, kind of tiny little, excuse me, it's very difficult to do the opposite way. You can just tighten them up out of the cinch down the bag. They have those as well on the opposite side, okay? Right here. So you could cinch down and compress the bag if you have a small load in there and you want to keep it tight. So it's a nice feature. The Velcro or the Velcro, the zipper on top for this top bar here, it's an over-duty zipper. I mean, it's a heavy-duty zipper. It even has a locking capability on it. You can see that right there. So you could put a small luggage lock through there. Again, I don't know if these are YKK. I'm not seeing any markings, but it's a heavy-duty zipper that you're not going to have any problems with. It does have a removable shoulder strap thing. Again, this is Velcro and Mali. So if you want to put something there, you could. This is thickly padded, super comfortable, again, for the loads that this is handling. Everything else is overbuilt. So the only thing that's not overbuilt is the actual material, right? The straps, the handles, everything could handle a lot more weight than what you're going to put in this bag. And honestly, than what I would trust the material itself to hold. Cause this is just kind of a, it's not cheap. It's not chintzy. It's certainly a higher quality material, but I wouldn't like put plates in here, right? Or something that's going to have a significant amount of weight to carry this. This is a fantastic weekend bag. It's served me on many trips since I purchased it and been super happy with it. I would definitely recommend it to you if you're in the line for like a weekend bag. Or if you want a Primo expensive gym bag that could work for you as well. So it's slightly bigger cousin. Again, now this one I just took on a trip for a week, six days, six days a week, something like that. And it served great. I was able to fit all change the clothes, everything I needed into this for a week easily.  Like you could easily fit. Even if she packs heavy gentlemen, you could still fit everything you need in here. It's really a great bag for that. Again, same thing, right? Huge open duffel area here, this weird pouch that you can keep or remove or whatever. They put a zip pouch, zip mesh pouch up here, which I have a toothbrush in there. Again, front pocket, it's gonna zip open slightly bigger. So I have a phone charger in here and some listering that looks like. But slightly bigger. Compression straps, Mali and Velcro. End handles, again. Shoulder strap, again, same thing, right? Just slightly larger. So those are the NBT bags from 511. I enjoy them if you're, again, in the market and you just a good duffel-like luggage bag. Oh, last thing I will say, I flew with this one more than once and it hasn't really shown anywhere. I don't know if I do that a lot. I don't know if it would hold up, but I've flown with it at least once, I think twice, and there and back and it held up just fine. Made it through the airport, didn't get beat up, didn't get scuffed up. The bottom isn't showing any extreme amounts of, I mean, it's really showing nowhere at all. So if you wanted to fly with these or take them through the airport, they are tough enough to hold up for that. I have different bags that I prefer to fly with. However, if you wanted to fly with these, you absolutely could. That wouldn't be an issue. And the smaller one would for sure qualify as a carry-on. That would for sure meet the size of the requirement. The larger one probably would not, maybe. It might. I honestly don't know what the measurements are, but it might. So I'll have to say, I really like these bags. I recommend them to you, especially if you're looking for just a good quality luggage bag that you need to have in and out of the car and you need to just store stuff in generally. Until then, do brave deeds and endure.


We just hit 32,000 subscribers, so that was so awesome, and I was really really stoked to see that.  That might like cars, might like jeeps, might like Wranglers, might like sports cars, might like trucks. We do videos like that each and every day here at Summit Auto. And you can see them all at SummitAuto.com. Plus, I'm gonna be doing new stuff here. We're gonna be doing some behind-the-scenes. I got a special with my buffer coming up, showing you all the steps that he takes to make our vehicles look as good as he does. And I just give you a little bit behind-the-scenes. I'm also gonna be doing a lot of a lot more of Grand Cherokee videos. I've been kind of, we've been so swamped with Grand Cherokees. In fact, we have probably the biggest selection of brand new Grand Cherokees and Grand Cherokee Ls in the Midwest. We have close to 100 in stock, maybe even more, maybe 120 by now. I haven't checked in a little while, but we have a lot of these. In fact, we sold like three today, so that was really good. Also, new stuff happening here at the Picture Studio. Check this out. I have our computer over here, and I switched it up, because it was right by the door, and everything was really cluttered here. So we moved everything over to this wall today, thanks to Commonwealth construction, and particularly Nick for getting that moved over for us. Really appreciate that. We're going to be putting a wall up right here to kind of make that its own little room, which is pretty sweet. Like I said, we've got a ton of Grand Cherokees, and I'm going to be doing a full walk around on this one in just a little bit. But all of our Grand Cherokees are going to be listed at SummitAuto.com. Other cool thing, we have our detail shop here. This is our main shop, where we do our final details, and making sure the vehicles look as good as they do in the Picture Studio. This is Jose's Bay. He's working on a Ram right now. This thing had acid rain all over it, and now it's like brand new. What he's been working on, it's kind of crazy. Did he do this side yet? I don't think he did this side yet. This side's looking pretty good. Anyways, this thing's going to look amazing once he's done with it. And we have this ladder that just got put up. That was pretty sweet. Also thanks to Commonwealth Construction today for getting that up. And yeah, a lot of really great stuff coming on the YouTube channel, highlighting especially what Jose can do to these vehicles that have a little bit of paint. I'm not going to say damage, but neglect, and what he can do. And just a little bit more behind the scenes stuff. And once again, thank you so much to all our subscribers. It's been amazing. YouTube's been amazing. 32,000 subscribers. We get like 26,000 views every two days, and it's just really, really good. And we're back to the Picture Studio here where it's extremely bright. And thank you for watching. And remember to click that like, subscribe, and share button, and check out all the videos. And thanks again.


This is the public interest technology, Nullag network team out of the University of Michigan. I have Harbesou is my name and I'm the faculty lead on this project. And with me today is Ray Mahamshah, the team entrepreneur in residence and strategist. And the focus of our project is mainstreaming the embodied knowledge and lead experiences of BIPOC practitioners. The objective of our project is to democratize knowledge within the field of public interest technology by increasing the visibility, by giving voice to and by centering the embodied knowledge and lead experiences of Honda represented big practitioners. These folks have historically been relegated to the peripheries. And we recognize that to have a more democratic pitfield, it is imperative that their voices, their viewpoints, their experiences be mainstream and pushed to the core. Now folks may ask, why these, why now? It turns out that we have been conducting interviews with BIPOC paid entrepreneurs. And what quickly became obvious to us is that the binding constraint, the primary constraint to their growth or the impact of their career project within the space has less to do with the technical expertise. You've been able to code, you've been able to write an API, but more in terms of the unwritten rules, the nuances, the soft features, how they navigate these maize, the networks that they have, the access to information or the access to startup funds or the informal relationships, which for a lot of these folks, tend to be thin and not thick. And these are the things, these soft features that I just mentioned, what are typically required for one to have a decent foothold and thrive in this space. And so that explains why we are focusing and we're centering and we're directing a lot of our effort in terms of trying to surface some of these issues and be able to structure them in such a manner that allows us to be able to respond to them constructively. So this is a kind of a 50,000 foot view in terms of the approach that we taken at the U of M. U of M will serve as a resource for these effort in terms of standing up this platform and we see this as a marketplace. We do not see it as a shop, we do not see it as a store, but as a marketplace. And I will quickly explain why. A shop could do well when you sell for volume. The store could do well too when you sell for volume, but we recognize that these folks individual and personalized and idiosyncratic experiences comes in niches. And so we have to embrace the marketplace we are thinking to get to a lot of these issues. We envision that people could bring their insights, their experiences which will level as we as onto this platform and be able to learn from one another, but even more so that they can build social capital from these, from the series of meaningful connections and collaborations that are platform, Wells Park and Nautra among the BIPOC paid entrepreneurs. And I'll now give the floor to Rayman. Thanks, Tayo. And so as we mentioned, BIPOC paid entrepreneurs possess an immense amount of embodied knowledge from their lived experiences and from their journeys as entrepreneurs. And we see real value in this knowledge. Some of this knowledge is tacit. And so it's not as formal as necessary to really be consumed by the public or by practitioners in the field. And so with the PIT knowledge network, the aim is to really convert this tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge through publishing and working to validate BIPOC experiences and increasing their visibility and meaningful collaboration with academia. And beyond BIPOC paid entrepreneurs, students and faculty also benefit from our approach. Often we've heard from students that they're interested in the field of public interest technology. However, they're unclear of pathways into the field. And so the PIT KN will provide opportunities to connect and collaborate with ongoing projects within the field where students can begin to explore their passions and their interests and bring their skills to bear. We think that students are an integral driver to the future of public interest technology. And we hope that through our PIT KN that they'll be able to help shape the future of the field. And for faculty, what we've been experimenting with and what we know is that faculty members bring a diverse perspective to the field. And through the PIT KN, we hope to be able to marry some of the theoretical frameworks, the data and research that faculty members have with some of the practices that are happening in the community. And so with these three groups, students, BIPOC paid entrepreneurs and faculty, we think that this is a very powerful learning community that can benefit the field of public interest technology. The resources that we have developed to date are listed here and they'll also be made available on pitcases.org. So we invite you to take a look at some of the work that we have developed and reach out to us. Reach out to us if you have any thoughts or any interest in collaborating with us. We definitely are open to hearing your thoughts. And so with that, we would like to say thank you on behalf of the University of Michigan Knowledge Network team. And we also invite you to visit us at mitis.umich.edu slash pitkn. On our website, we provide those resources that you just saw and also a form if you would like to reach out to us. Thank you.


Work First Work Study is a program to assist a ton of students in working up to 19 hours per week while they are enrolled in college training. Students will gain new valuable skills, as well as bring their previous strengths and experiences to the workplace. Students will be able to practice what they are learning at their work site. For eligibility, students must be enrolled in classes at Highline College and enrolled in the same quarter they are employed. Students must be receiving TANF and be referred by DSHSRA3ANO. Students must maintain good academic standing. Applications can be located at the Building 6 Women's Programs Department or on our Work First webpage for Highline College, www.highline.edu.


So don't neglect anything right away and say, oh, that's not for me, digest it by the end of the camp. You'll be like, hey, I like these three things. I'm going to work on them. They're going to be kind of my scramble system for me. Some of you guys, the length you have helps you out in certain positions where you got good leverage. Some of you guys, the shorter stock here, stronger positions you can get to, you're going to gravitate to those. There's no right or wrong. The more creative you are, the better you're going to be at. So now, that was near side, meaning we're beating the near side shoulder. So he low singles, that was near side. So I'm beating to the near side. Now we're going to go far side, which means I'm covering his head and I'm pulling his hip. We're trying to crunch him up. If I see this, I'm going far side. Raise your hand if you know who Jay Jaggers is. Everybody please raise your hand. He's like an Ohio legend. He's an assistant coach for Ohio State. He got his dresses real funny all the time. He was like, what was he? Like 12 seed and like 9 seed. And then CAA7 won it both years. Like ridiculous seed. The guy was just a gamer. He lived kind of in this position. Right? He does it a little bit differently. He would cradle everybody from here. Anybody can get to his legs, but finishing on him, especially when he covered your head was a whole different story. That's a real good near two. So we're going to the far side. I want you to think about crunching this guy in a little ball. Okay? So I'm stepping across. I'm pulling the hip. And again, I'm trying to beat the drive leg like we talked about earlier. I'm stepping across. I'm pulling the hip. Now I'm not stepping to the side. His head will pop out and he's got a lot of options to finish here. I'm stepping towards the back foot. I want that drive leg knee to the mat. I'm pulling him on his hip. He's got his armpit. Not as rare as I'm pulling on his hip. Right here. See how my chest is low. See how my knees pointed in. See how he's crunched up.  I'm going to spin on my knee. We're not going to cradle and crunch him up here. We're just going to rip our foot out. All I'm doing is doing a leg curl. I'm bringing my heel to my butt. I'm going to do a leg curl.


Cut mile 63. What are your thoughts on the stock market? Is it on undervalued? No. Overvalued, I'm assuming, or fair value. Disclaimer, family has a large chunk of the portfolio in puts on the stock market. Okay. No, it is overvalued at least, at least by 50%. Okay. Even though money has been pumped, trillions have been pumped into the markets. Right. Let's just talk about the Dow, the 30, the top 30 stocks on Wall Street, right? Apple, Microsoft, the Dow, and the 3M, DuPont, all the 30, the top 30 stocks that are in that basket, right? Who in their right mind thinks Apple is worth $2.5 trillion? Right? Really? $2.5 trillion for Apple? Right? Did you see the release of their newest iPhone? iPhone 13?  He's LGBT community, but he travels to Saudi Arabia and parties with the House of Saud. Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia chops off anybody's head that is from the LGBT community.   Seize his assets and he's got a lot of assets. Do you know why he's got a lot of assets? Because he's stepping down. Tim Cook, thank you very much. I saw him popping up here. Tim Cook.  This is how much faith he has in Apple. This is how undervalued he thinks Apple is. He's stepping down and he sold $750 million worth of his stock. And there's funds. There are funds buying Apple stock, right? And these funds are the basket of money that is supposed to be the retirement for Joe Blow that have invested in their own space. Man, what a ride we are going to be on. Really, what a ride.  It doesn't mean it's undervalued. It's just the bubble expanding more. It means when it pops, look out below. Look out below. Devastation. For those who are going long, for those who are going short, it's going to make the return on Bitcoin seem like a joke.


Hi, I'm Katie DeRoshak. I am coming from the University of Washington from the Apology Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering with the Molecular Information Systems Lab, where we are really interested in doing interesting things with storing information in DNA and different types of sensing that kind of appeals to the DIY audience a little bit. So the project that I'm going to talk about today is called Porcupine, which is doing rapid and robust tagging of physical objects using DNA with highly separable nanopore signatures, or in a little bit more accessible terms, we tag stuff with DNA and we use nanopore. That's really all we're talking about here. So when we're talking about molecular tags, we are using DNA to identify physical objects. This is kind of in, could be in the same world as QR codes and RFID tags, but essentially we want to be able to tag an object with DNA, ship it or sort it somewhere and then be able to read it back on the other side and say is this the same object? What's the information in the tag or is it completely wrong? And some applications of this include tracking and provenance. So you might have a high value item that you want to be able to make sure it's the same at the beginning and end of the transaction, secret exchange and counterfeit detection. So maybe you've got a set of pills and you only want to be able to sample a few of them at a time. You could do that with a system like this. And we ended up using the nanopore minion device to detect these molecular tags. Some of our system requirements were that we wanted this to be DIY end-to-end by non-experts and not require a full biolab. I myself am a computer scientist and this is something that I can do with maybe a little bit of supervision, so it's not too challenging. And we wanted to be able to generate arbitrary tags on demand without having to do more DNA synthesis. This is one of the most expensive parts of encoding information when using DNA. And so if we can do that ahead of time and just be able to copy it instead of having to generate new DNA for every piece of new information, that can save a lot of cost. We wanted to be able to decode quickly and accurately and also use minimal special equipment. So the nanopore really fits pretty well with this kind of application. One challenge for typical sequencers is that they're often inaccessible to pretty much everybody except for very, very well-funded labs. These costs anywhere from tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars, which doesn't necessarily mean that they're bad, but it's just not very useful for DIY. And they're pretty large.  I'm sure many of you have seen them before, but it's really hard to compare to this candy bar size device that can just be plugged into your laptop. And here's a picture of it plugged into a laptop. All the things that you need to run this are very small, like pipettes, a small centrifuge. So it doesn't require the whole lab. And just to briefly run over how this works, I took this diagram from a nature article. Basically, there is this thin membrane that is present with little nanoscale pores. And there's an ionic current that is being run across this thing. And the current is being measured over time. And then the DNA is prepared such that there is an enzyme that will unwind the DNA for you, and it will flow through this pore. As the DNA gets unwound and flat and is flying through, the current changes a little bit. And so you can go back and tell what DNA was in the pore based on what the current looks like. There's this little diagram in this corner here that shows basically different ionic current traces for each base. Now, typically these will all be concatenated together and we'll go back up to this open channel state. But it's really just a time series of ionic current measurements instead of actually directly reading the bases. So when we are creating a molecular tag within porcupine, what we start out with is just like any other digital tag, any RFID tag or QR code or anything, it's basically just digital information, a bunch of bits and ones and zeros. And each different bit is assigned a different type of DNA. So what will happen is you've got physically a little vial of this particular set of molecular bits that we call them. So when you have a bit that is one, you'll pipette that bit into the molecular tag mixture. And if it's zero, you completely leave it out. So we're really encoding information via presence or absence of these different types of DNA. Then we will apply this tag mixture to an object when dehydrated, ship it or store it somewhere and then rehydrate the molecular tag using a buffer solution. We'll then load it into the Minion and read it out using some software that we created. When we are actually creating these molecular tags, we're not just encoding the information directly, we've kind of got a step in there that is adding some error correction. So we have a digital tag that's a little bit shorter code where that's longer that has some additional bits in order to add some error correction, which I'll talk about more later. But then we are going to the molecular bits and the molecular tag. And a single molecule is made of a unique sequence and a specific length. So this is the part that lets us do create more bits that having to sequence to create more DNA. So we have our barcode sequence at the very beginning of the strand, then a spacer and then another barcode sequence and a sequencing adapter. And typically when encoding information in DNA, the information is recorded throughout the entire strand. And so I often get asked why, why wouldn't you take advantage of the incredible density of DNA to make this happen? And really this comes down to creating more bits without having to synthesize more DNA. We've, we start out with our nice little well plate of 96 sequences. And if we just add two different lengths, we have 192 mole bits without ever having to go back to ask IDT for more short strands for us. And then the second part of it is that having this unique identifiable region means that we can avoid base calling. So when we turn this complicated nanopore signal into bases, it takes a very, very long time and it's very complex and can that is the largest source of the error in the pipeline from working with nanopore data, where we actually have a much simpler problem. We're not trying to identify any DNA, just the DNA that we know is already there. So we can turn this into a classification problem instead of a decoding problem. That saves a lot of time and increases our accuracy pretty dramatically. And we design molecular bits to have distinct nanopore signals. We do this using a tool called Scrappy that is produced by Oxford Nanopore itself. So we can give it a signal or a sequence. We'll produce a theoretical signal. And then this is the actual nanopore signal. And we didn't really cherry pick one of these. They kind of all look similar, maybe a little bit stretched or narrower, but this allows us to really be able to design these sequences to look different, which makes our problem a lot easier. When we are designing these sequences, we're using an evolutionary process. We're starting out with an initial batch of them.  And we will then start an evolutionary process where we shuffle them, mutate them, and then make sure that we're actually improving things. It's kind of like a guess and check method that will make these look visually different. And basically the lighter colors here are more similar. So they look like similar swiggles. And then you can see like this guy looks very different from this after this full process here. I don't want to pretend like this is the first time anybody has come up with anything that is working with raw nanopore data. There's in particular a group that is working with demultiplexing. And for anybody unfamiliar, multiplexing is a tool that is used to add barcodes on to a sample so that any reads that you get back out on the other side can be associated with a particular sample. And then at the end, you can go separate things out and make it so that you are only working on your one sample at a time. And what they've done in this case is taken the barcodes that Oxford Nanopore has produced for multiplexing. They found a subset of them and then can identify those using the raw nanopore signal. One challenge that they have is that they didn't have the ability to design them specifically to identify them later, meaning that they are working with a much more challenging problem than we are. But it's pretty cool tool and it's been very useful for folks. And then another one, it's currently if you can't just go buy multiplexing barcodes for RNA. And so there's a group that developed four barcodes that they could then identify, which is really similar to what we're doing. We kind of developed it independently, but it is a similar process. However, and the way that all of these work is kind of classifying them similarly, we're trying to just identify what little barcode is present in the individual reads. Our training data, we label the squiggles using sequencing data and then spread all the bits across a bunch of different runs, then test data with half of the bits. And we ended up using a five layer CNN with a fully connected layer and softmax. And this is all stuff that I'm happy to answer more questions about in greater detail later if desired. Our classification accuracy is very high. And the only reason that I actually say this is to show you that identifying mulbits is a totally a non issue. Our training accuracy is like 99.9 something validation 97.7. It's kind of to the point where it's not really an issue for us to be able to identify the mulbits. However, identifying what the tag is based on the mulbits can be a little bit more challenging. Now that we have our sandbox, we've got our molecular bits and we have a way to read them. The question is, what should we encode and how should we encode it? We have our 96 bits and we have kind of our framework where we may want to expand our digital tag, but we have to think about how we might want to do that. The most naive encoding scheme, of course, is mapping one digital bit to one molecular bit. And this is, of course, not ideal because one bit error means that you completely get the entire tag wrong. And so we want to add some error correction as alluded to previously. What we'll do is we'll reserve some bits for the tag and then use the rest of them to correct errors. And in our case, we picked a 32 bit message and then multiplied by a 32 by 96 random generator matrix to produce a code word, which then gets put in the molecular tag. And this allows us to get up to 18 bits wrong, which is an enormous amount without ever worrying about whether we're going to get the tag wrong. This is something that can also be chosen, depending on the application. It's just an example that we have for the basically our paper that we wrote. But if you wanted to take these 96 bits and use them in another way, there's nothing that would stop anybody from doing that. So just to briefly walk through encoding an actual message here, because it's a little bit hard to kind of connect the two. We'll start out with our digital tag here. We've got, we've encoded, we had to encode our molecular information systems lab, of course. And then we added our bits for the code word. Then we'll go through the process of actually encoding and sequencing and doing all the wet lab stuff. And then what we'll get back out of the sequencing machine is a set of read counts. So how many, how many times did we observe that particular molecular bit? And then we have to decide, like, at what point do we want to set it to one, at what point do we want to set it to zero? So we have a threshold here where anything that is above this line will set to one and below it is zero. And then we get a few incorrect bits. Was this okay? We have fewer than our 18. So we'll still decode correctly. But we also realized that there's kind of a large variation in read counts here. And we found that this was reproducible. Still cannot figure out why. I'm more than happy to talk to people about why this might be happening because we've tried a million things. But it's reproducible. So we were able to rescale the counts. And essentially what happens is that we get no bit errors after doing that. And we recover our final, final decoded message here. So our final results, we are talking about how long does it take to actually decode a message? Do you need to run this for hours overnight? Seconds, minutes. And so what we have here is on the x-axis, we've got our sequencing runtime in seconds in the log scale. And then we've got our codeword distance over here. So you can imagine that in reality, you could possibly get all 96 bits wrong. However, because we have used error correcting codes, the maximum or the minimum distance between all of them is 18 bits. So if you get 19 bits wrong, in some cases, you'll actually get a totally different codeword. So in this context with error correction, the maximum number of bits can be anywhere from like 18 to 20 ish.  Each x here is an incorrect decoding, and then our dash line is guaranteed correct decoding with error correction. And we are able to decode with only about 10 seconds of data, which is really nice because with nanopresequencing you can just stop at any point. You don't have to keep running this for hours and hours because the process doesn't require you to do that. It's just physical strands flowing through this membrane. And what this means is that we can do pretty close to real-time reading. Another cool thing is that we've made the monocular tags shelf stable. This is really important for basically any kind of application you can think of where you want to tag something for more than a few minutes. You want to be able to ship or store your object, but then afterwards we can rehydrate it and then read it. And that has been a crucial part of this. So we'll prepare this tag for sequencing immediately after assembling the tag. This is a step that takes about one to two hours. So we are front-loading all the lab work on the writing side, meaning when you go to read it, you don't have to spend hardly any time at all. It's like seconds. We also sent a tag in the mail and just through regular mail like USPS to California and we could recover everything after about four weeks. I'm not sure what the upper bound is on how long these things will last, but we basically got the same sample back that we sent. So I think there's a lot of work to be done and figuring out like what are the bounds and what kind of like surfaces things can be, these things can be attached to and how long they will last, but initial results are kind of promising for these being actually stable. And then because we're attaching the sequencing adapter ahead of time, the part that's actually doing the unwinding of a DNA, you can't get any contamination. It's just not possible to happen after that process is completed because you have to have that adapter in order for it to be read. And so putting it on a surface means that you could have someone, it's like environmental DNA or anything and it will still mostly read out fine. Another big question I'd get is like, okay, cool, but what can we actually use this for? And we haven't really explored the extent of what kinds of surfaces or anything that this could be used on, but we can think of things that are traditionally difficult to tag with QR codes and RFID codes and such. This might include things like liquids, maybe food with some safety testing and making no claims about it actually being safe for food without testing, paper and commodities. So maybe you have a supply chain where you want to take everything and then only read back a few of them. You can really amortize the cost because reading is going to be the highest cost in this process. And there's some prior work that demonstrates some DNA encapsulation methods. These methods add some time and effort to the process, but they could be used to further extend the life past what this would normally live on its own for. So in summary, we have our molecular tagging system that uses our DNA to tag physical objects. The design uses an evolutionary model for nanopore orthogonal sequences, look making them look visually as different as possible and essentially trying to make our classification problem easier. And then we classify using a CNN. We will encode and decode using our random generator matrix, but again, agnostic to any type of encoding that you want to use. And we can get read out with less than 10 seconds of data. Future work might be like using a generative model to design these instead of an evolutionary model that's a guess and check. And also considering these different kinds of encoding and decoding methods that might be able to take advantage of different parts of the known error in the system, which we haven't really done at all. Another thing to consider, especially because this is a security-minded conference is what kind of security this actually provides. And one nice thing is that DNA is invisible. However, security by obfuscation is not always the right kind of security. It can be good in some circumstances, but you're never gonna fool anybody who is really dedicated to getting access to this just by making it invisible. And so there are applications where this would be useful and maybe not. And I'm really curious if anybody has thoughts on maybe the sparked some kind of interesting application that we haven't thought of yet. I also just wanted to give a really quick plug for the other things that our lab is doing because I think it's really cool and I only work on a very small segment of this. Our lab works on primarily on something called DNA data storage where we're trying to store information in DNA and read it back later, but not in terms of like presence or absence, but actually encoding information in the basis of the DNA. And this has been pretty far developed, but still reading or like the writing aspect is very expensive. The cheapest I've ever seen DNA for is like seven cents per base, which is astronomical when you consider large volumes of DNA. And that's been a pretty large barrier, but it's part of our, I think what's a really cool idea. DNA security. So this is part of our lab called SciBio Security. One paper that came out recently was talking about the GenBank system when some of the security implications. They also have microfluidic automation. So how do you abstract away some of the tedious parts of working in the lab and then DNA circuits? And of course, the nanopore sensing is what I personally work on. And with that, I will wrap up and I'm happy to take any questions in the live Q and A after the session. Thank you.


Okay, so I'm also here now for a lightning talk for 10 minutes. So I will bombard you also with some slides in these 10 minutes. It's about what I learned from Retro, microcontroller and my experiences with RTL programming. Not always as I like them to be.  Now, as people say, it's impossible, but I don't think it's impossible. What I was planning to make a chip with open source cores with a Motorola 68000 Z80 and a MOS 6502 on them, I combined them because it's from logistics points better to put it on one chip than having three different chips, but it has some features with 4K on-chip RAM, IOS and maybe some peripherals. But I tried to limit the features to be able to know that when the chip comes that it works and that you don't have a non-working chip because then all the money is lost. And then I also planned to have some boards that were Arduino type boards that would be compatible with these instruction sets. I'm not going to detail if you want to know more about this Retro microcontroller, but you can go back to the Retro computing death room of last year and then I have explained in full detail. So I did a crowd supply crowdfunding and you see I didn't reach my goal. I only got $4,000 of $22,000. It's a pity, but the nice thing is of course that non-money has been spent. I didn't have to invest anything, so I know now that I need to work on more things. So when I did this, I also followed several online forums to see what people think about it. What I tried to do is combine this Retro computing with Arduino and it seems that this combination doesn't really make anybody really want to go for it. So an Arduino guy says, yeah, it costs more than an Arduino and it has less features. They just want to run their sketches. They don't mind if it's a Z80 or a 6502. They just want to run their sketches. Of course I'm exaggerating.  But that gets the message across. Then you have open source guys where several guys have said, yeah, it's nice what you're doing, but I'm not really looking for an Arduino board. And then you have the Retro computing guy. He says, yeah, but you don't have a memory bus on your chip. I cannot do anything with it. I want to put it on a board and have some frivolous. So because I only plant Ios. So then my next step is why I wanted to have not too many features is to be able to first time write, but this is kind of. And then I go further is and the reason that you want to limit the features in my opinion is that actually the RTL tools, the phdl and Verloch are not the right tool for the job in my opinion. So, um, so what are the main RTL folks? I see is for example, they say a clock is like any other digital signal. Only we look at the rising edge and the falling edge. Um, but you define it as a logic signal. So also the first thing when you notice how the image that you have to learn that you know what has what is being inferred when you write something. If you write an if statement, it can be either a flip-flop or it can be a max. Um, in itself, that's not the problem. The problem is that you have to know when you write it. That is the case. If you would have the right abstraction level, you should not have to take care. You should only think in if statement and not in flip-flop or max statement. So that to me is one of the fundamental problems that we have now with RTL.  The rest is not synthesizable. It's also to me is I'm coming from the programming side. It's, yeah, I could not understand this. Why it's the case. In the end, I learned that actually these have evolved of trying to simulate the reality and it's more developed to be simulating. Also, the blocking versus non-blocking statement in very low gear is an indication to me that it's not the right abstraction level. Everything is parallel, but then a statement, an assignment can block everything, which is not right to me. And then also you have FPGA versus ASICs. If you have something working on FPGA, it doesn't mean that it works on an ASIC.  If you go, then on these sides, yeah, these are professional tools for professionals. You get bombarded with in section <IP_ADDRESS> of the language reference. It says this. And if you don't know the language reference by heart, you are not a good RTL writer, I think. Some people think like that because it's a commercial tool. So some good B solutions. Yeah, of course, the languages have evolved over time. They have added some nice features like combinatorial, generate statement, record interface. But in my humble opinion, they don't fix a fundamental problem. To me, it's more lipstick on a pig than not truly, of course. You also have transaction level very low, which is now promoted by Redwood VDA. They try to extend it to writing pipelines in the railcard easier. But also again, this doesn't solve the problem to me. Then you have system CTLM, which is event-driven. You have also transaction level modeling is an example. But when I look at how NAND gate is implemented in system C, it doesn't really give the indication that it has any improvement over the RTL languages. In that respect, it's already some time ago that I looked into this. But to me, going from the transaction level model to an event-based model, you need to do that manually. You don't know good automated tools or they are commercial, as far I know. Then you have systems C, C++, system C as your electronic system level design. Most of the time, the good tools are now propriety. You have VIVADO, HLX, Catapult, Synopsys also has their own. I would love to see more development on Panda Bumble, which is actually an open source tool, so it does this. I also need to investigate Goat more. But that you need to register before you can download, which is for an open source guy kind of already a first hurdle to take. I think this would be nice to have, but it's not a good fit for implementing something like a retro microcontroller. Then you have MyHDL, which is an HDL. It's a Python syntax for doing, but it's based on the same event-driven principles as RTL. In my mind, that's not going to solve it, but the author has a different opinion. The Callaway has a different opinion. He really says that he wants to be event-driven in his language. I found three languages which are going to me in the right direction. You have Shizzle. Some people who know RISC-5 probably know about Shizzle. It's the MIT guys who developed the rocket core of RISC-5 in Shizzle. And then you have Spinal HGL, which is similar, but a language. I tried to go into both. For me, Spinal HGL seems to be a little bit more intuitive than Shizzle, but that can just be me, of course. They're both based on Scala, so that was one of the problems I had, because I wanted to go further into Spinal HGL, but once you get an error, you really have to know Scala also to fix that error. It's nice up to a point, but there's something you need to know. And I was then, in the end, I decided to go for Miesok, which is a Python library, an art fair, that does the same thing. But it's under big development, because they now stop development with Miesok, which is the first version, and they're now working on Miesok. I'm a Python guy, so for me, it seems to be a nice fit, but all three things I've given here are, I think, a good thing. And I want to go to the last slide. This is good. This is the first step, but I want more. And to me, one of the big things that are missing is that you need to also be able to compile and debug on your level that you're writing things. If you do Python, you debug in Python. If you do Java, you debug in Java. And for these tools, most of the time what they do is they generate Verilog or RTL, and then you have to do the debugging RTL level. Or, yeah, so I think Fertil, which is the lower language for CISL, you can do debugging on Fertil level. Miesok can simulate on Python level with some restrictions. But to me, that's one of the things to solve to get everybody doing hardware development. Thank you. The question was that if I compare the licenses, actually I only restrict them myself to things which are open source, so either permissive or what is it called? Coupier-Left-Type licenses. I prefer Coupier-Left-Type licenses. The only problem was maybe with System C in the beginning there was some problem with the license, but it was solved by going to the Apache license or so. Any other questions? Did you see some words about the gadgets you were using for giving the presentation? There is Pi on the case. It's just Raspberry Pi. And some wireless keyboards. So this is my AV system at home where I watch movies. I don't know how to summarize the question. So he says that there has been a lot of estimates done by the commercial tools. Shouldn't they stick to that to jump on the bandwagon? Or being different is a good idea. The thing is I think they didn't do the right innovation in the right direction because they always had to keep up with Moore's law until now. They really had to always jump along all the guys to work on getting their tools ready for the next note and they had time to reflect on how can we make the language and the structure better of everything. And I think Opus Urskai can do that. They can do it at their home. So we should have this in parallel and we should have interoperability. That's no problem, but I think that's possible. Thank you, everyone.


are about to witness an epic Tyrone Magnus reaction. What's happening Magnusites? So, apparently someone's done a, guess a compilation or something to me? It says Tyrone Magnus Special Mix by Daniel Swanson. Alright, well let's check you out here Daniel Swanson. Let's see what you then did with me. This is a beat. Compilation, I like this. That was cool man. That was humbling, I appreciate you took the time to do that man. Thank you, I love it, I appreciate it. Let me know what y'all think, post your comments down below. If you enjoyed my reaction to my compilation, hit the like button, share and subscribe.  Hit the like button, share and subscribe. One million subscribers. Well, subscribe.


Whole Story Quest audiobooks presents Savage Moon by Chris Sims, narrated by Dean Williamson. Prologue. The quad bike bounced across the moors, headlight catching coarse blades of grass before rearing up into the infinity of the night sky. Like a rider struggling with an unbroken horse, the woman fought to control the vehicle. But rather than slow down, she kept the revs high, her knees flexed in readiness for the next jarring bump. Way off to her right, the undulating red lights that topped the radio mast disappeared behind a rise in the land. Finally, she dropped her speed, and the engine's angry growl subsided to reveal the same sound that had sparked her reckless dash in the first place—the terror-stricken bleeding of a sheep. Not another, she murmured, eyes turning to the shallow ravine that dropped away to her right. She yanked the handlebars round, but the headlights' angle was too high. A turn of the key, and the engine shuddered into silence, suffocating darkness engulfed her. She groped for the heavy-duty spotlight behind the saddle, and as she set off down the slope, began playing the yellow beam before her. Maybe thirty metres away was a cluster of large boulders. A haze-winged moth homed in on the torch like a heat-seeking missile. It landed on her cuff, and she felt the frantic blur of wings against the back of her hand. Ignoring the insect, she trudged onwards, eyes fixed on a blood-stained clump of white fleece. The moth launched itself on a sharp curve, flashed across the trembling shaft and plummeted into the turf. She reached the head-high rocks, stepped round the outermost one, and shone the light into the semicircular grouping. The sheep was lying on its stomach, its head hanging over front legs that were tucked under its chest. The rear legs were tangled up in entrails that glistened like freshly caught eels. An acrid smell stung her nostrils as she stepped closer, then crouched down. Oh no! The animal was still alive. She swung the torch towards the base of the nearest boulder, something to put it out of its misery, a rock, anything. The light picked out a trail of blood, dripping down the steep grit surface. The implications were just sinking in when the low snarl sounded from above. As she began to swivel the torch upwards, a heavy black form landed on top of her. Sample complete. Ready to continue?


So, Ranbeer's next movie, yes, it's called Animal, and it's gonna be the story of my favorite muppet. This was, the pictures of it were like on set were just released of Ranbeer, looks great, obviously he's in a beard, love Ranbeer in a beard, you love all men in beards, not you, really ugly, but it's the same director as the Kabir thing, the person who directed Kabir Singh, and somebody asked him, so he's like, do you think people that were upset with you about Kabir Singh will be happy with your next film, and he's, they're gonna be more upset. Oh dear. He said, apparently this film is just extremely violent. Oh no. Josh! Hey, welcome back to our studio director, it's the Corbin. I'm Rick! I hope it's like this big action, extremely violent film that like actually goes to lengths that I wish Indian films would go to, particularly with little animals. I'm wanting to see more films that have, it's the strangulation of innocent baby animals. Yeah, me too. Today we got a new trailer that just dropped, it's called Hit 2 trailer with Nani, who obviously I believe was in the original Jersey, and Adivisesh, and say that name. Subscribe. You were pointing out the subscribe button. Oh, Selesh Kulanu, who I'm still recording the screen from our last video. What's the matter for you? Why you do this? Um, but I don't know what it's about, I'm sure it's about a hit. What? But a second one. Oh, okay. It's a bit of a stretch. Yes. Let's go with it. Just like gymnastics. It's a bit of a stretch. America, we have the best gymnastics. We have the best everything. We have the best concrete layers. We have the best helicopters. Haven't you seen that video? You make it very clear. Oh, what are they doing there? I don't think the audio is going again. Why does this keep happening to me? I don't know, but that was a weird massage parlor. Parlor, parlor. See, this is... Oh. Oh, that's not a massage. Generally, these criminals are very dumb. It's okay. We can catch them in five minutes. That's a good case. Sanjana is investigating the officers. Sanjana and I are sharing this house. It's been three years. It's been two years. No, it's not. No, it's not. No, it's not. Rafe, see my samples. No, it's not. Who asked Sanjana to stay here? They don't know anything. Okay, I'll stop. No, no. Time late, sir. We have to go fast. There's a case in there. That's what I'm hitting. What are you talking about, sir? Tell me something. A new case? A game. Well, damn. Well, damn. That was a nice payoff at the end. Yeah. Also, is hit the one that Rajkumar did earlier this year? I don't know. Obviously, this is the second case. So there was the first one from the original? No, I don't know. I'm going to look it up. And I wasn't totally sold. I was waiting and I was thinking, I don't know that I'm totally sold on wanting to see this as of yet, but then the last like 20 seconds pulled me in. Yeah, I agree. Hold on. And I'm sure if there's, I mean, when you make a sequel, it's typically because the first one did well. Yeah. So the Rajkumar, Sonia Maholcho, that we interviewed him right before came out. Oh, that's right. Which was a remake. Right. Is it the remake of? It must be the remake of the original of this film. If that is correct, let me know, because I thought I recognized that. I was like, where do I know hit from? But maybe also the, it's a sequel, so I'd imagine it's, is it the same director? That happens quite often. We've come to decide, Decide? Discover. Yes. Thank you. Anytime. No information on, on hit on IMDb, IMDb. Yeah, but yeah, the, my hope with it, because obviously that's a pretty crazy obviously thing to put in a film, right? That this body is blah, blah, blah, blah. Parts, right? I'm wondering how much of it they're actually going to show, because I feel like to get, not to say that they need to show gore, but for these films that has to do with these intense cases, you need to show something. Yeah. You need to show that the stakes are high, and it's not just, Especially when you're following the people covering the scene. Yeah. So you're with the actual investigators, I would imagine, for believability, it's like I'm just been watching the documentary, a documentary on John Wayne Gacy, and they're following them. Now if you did a movie on the detectives, and what they discovered, it's not going to be pleasant. You're going to have to show that. And obviously you would rate it accordingly. But yeah, the question remains, if it's a theatrical release, how much does the censor board allow? Yeah. Because I feel like in this style of film, that you're trying, it's another extreme case, that you're dealing with, is somebody basically like, whoever the person in Saw is, Right. But you know what you can do, I don't know if we mentioned it in the review, this is a while back, but a film that does that really well, by leaving a lot to the imagination, but still making you really uncomfortable, is Raman Raghav 2.0. I think it does a great job, because I went back and rewatched that, because she had never seen it, so we watched it like a year ago. And I remember thinking, wow, in my memory, this was more graphic. That's just the quality of On Your Rocks direction, and Nawazidin's portrayal, that makes you way more uncomfortable than the visuals give you. Yeah. So it doesn't always have to be done, but when you're talking about a crime case, especially with bodies, I'd be interested to know where this goes in that regard. And it looks like this main guy, who obviously we've never seen of Vandi. Right. Sesh? A DV Sesh. A DV Sesh. In the comments, a lot of fans. Yep. As well as Nani. Obviously, Nani has insane fans. Avidi Desh. I don't think we've seen anything of his. Oh. He was in Bahubali? Yeah, he was. Apparently so. So yeah, I guess we have seen that of him, but there's so many people in Bahubali. It's hard to really point out, maybe he was one of the main guys. And it's also a period piece. Everybody's done up in their costumes, and they don't always look like themselves. But yeah, let us know what you thought about this trailer. What if there's something of his that we should give a gander to? Let us know if it should be. Is this hit series worth a watch? The Originals. Is that what I'm talking about? Yes. And if not, what else should we react to and watch next down?


Hi everyone. So my name is Amaran, I am a PhD candidate in Professor Webler's group in the material science and engineering department at the Carnegie Mellon University's College of Engineering currently in one of the additive labs on campus. I usually work on the one off campus at middle 19. This is also one of the labs which has some of these interesting machines. I am originally from India, particularly from Hyderabad. One of the interesting things about preparing for this competition, yeah, so I participated in the three minute contest competition last year and luckily I won the Alumni Choice Award. So it was difficult as to create a script for this year's presentation, especially since I've seen some of the best people participate last year and saw that really on stage happening and on top of that, I traveled to India return just two days before my preliminary round. So you know, with a lot of jet lag, I ended up writing this script like three AM in the night just the day before my preliminary round. So that was the really funny part that I could actually put words together and make such a make such a coherent script, you know, with all the tech lag going on, definitely that one. So there are two obscure facts about my research. The first thing is that I was able to make an inert atmosphere using a $100 setup which involves a plastic bag. Don't ask me why, which that is very interesting because this made a night and day difference in the samples I produced as the machine is like a million dollar piece of equipment, but a $100 fix was something that gave me good samples. I mean, whatever works, right? The second obscure fact is that tungsten is surprisingly brittle at room temperature even though one might think that this should be ductile as a metal. I felt that was very challenging and interesting at the same time. So me doing research at Carnegie Mellon means opportunity to collaborate and learn from the best and amazing people around me. Like there's so many opportunities and amazing individuals that I'm always overwhelmed by how much I can learn from each interaction I have with each person every day. It's truly a wholesome experience and I love doing this. So thanks.


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