If you like the idea of easy AI assisted mastering for your tracks but you're not keen on the idea of online services where you have to pay for each release or pay for a subscription, then I've got some great news for you. Hi folks, I'm Mike and I hope you're well. Lander is the name which everyone thinks of when they think in terms of online mastering services and many people including me have used it over the last few years and been really pleased with the results but for some people they don't like the idea of using an online service where you either have to pay for each release or pay for a subscription. So I'm so pleased to let you know that Lander have now released a plug-in version of their mastering service. It uses the same AI engine. It's got a few extra customizations which are not available on the online service and once you've bought this plug-in you can use it freely as many times as you want. You don't have to pay for each release so it's really going to be a good value for money if you release a lot of music and the great news is it's very very easy to use. Let's dive in and take a look. So the first thing that's going to happen after you insert this plug-in in your door and I recommend inserting it as the last plug-in on your master bus is that it's going to ask you to play your track so that you can use its AI engine to analyze it and then it's going to come up with a basic master for you right away. Now while it's doing that analysis I just want to take a look at an actual wave file of the mix that I've given it. You can see it here and you can see this very dynamic meaning there are some very quiet parts in it. You can see those at the beginning and then there's some louder parts in the middle and at the end. Now the important thing I want to point out here is is that I've normalized this track to 0 dB meaning that the very loudest peaks in this track are reaching 0 dB and not going over. Now if I wanted to make this louder by simply turning the volume up of this track using the master fade or something it's going to start to clip some parts of the track are going to go over 0 dB and when you get that digital clipping it's very unpleasant. It's something you really don't want and that's a major role in mastering. It's going to be using both compression and limiting to make it sound louder without actually making it clip. Now it's finished its process now and the next screen that you're faced with is the main interface. This is where all the magic happens. So let's start off by having a listen to the difference in loudness between my original track and this basic master. So I'm going to start off by playing the song with the plugin bypassed. So we're going to be hearing it at its original loudness. Then after a few seconds you'll see me flick this bypass switch here and you're going to hear the loudness difference with the basic analysis done and the basic mastering applied. Okay let's have a listen. So a massive difference there right away. Now imagine you didn't master your song at all and it's being played alongside songs which have been mastered and there's that loudness difference right away. It makes your track sound less appealing, makes it sound less professional. So it's really not something you want to do. Release a track without any mastering including some loudness improvements. Now we can also from here adjust that loudness manually just by using this loudness control over here and while you're doing that what you want to do is keep an eye this reading down here. This is the LUFS output. It's a kind of an average level if you like and many services use this measurement and they'll set some parameters or some targets you should try and reach. So if you wanted to reach those particular targets then you could just play your track adjust that loudness until you see the correct reading down there for LUFS. So just like the online lander mastering service the plugin version offers you three styles of master once it's done its analysis. You can see them in the middle here. They are warm, balanced and open. The warm style has a kind of a vintage feel to it. The balanced style has a bit more clarity and the open style is a bit more modern perhaps has a bit more punch to it. Now I'm going to play all three to you in a moment but I just want to point out a couple of things before I do. Firstly you shouldn't expect to hear massive differences between these three styles. It's kind of subtle but you will hear it better if you're wearing a decent pair of studio headphones or listening through some decent studio monitors. The next thing that I want to point out is I feel personally that as you flick between each one it actually fades from one to the other so you don't hear the difference in sound the second that you switch over. Let me know in the comments down below if you think that's happening as well. So let's start off with the warm style and then I'll go through each of the three of them. Now where the plugin differs from the online service a little bit is the level of customization you can apply once you've chosen your style. So I'll quickly go through some of the parameters down here. First of all we have an equalizer section here so we can adjust the low mids and the highs. Then we have a stereo field control so we can make our mix sound a bit wider or narrower if we want to and then we have some control. This is really to do with the vocals okay so with that frequency range where the vocal normally sits we can actually adjust the presence here yeah and then we can also apply some de-essing for that as well. Finally down the bottom in the middle we have some dynamics controls. First of all we can increase or decrease the amount of compression being used then we can change the character of the compression in terms of whether it's a soft or a hard style compression. Finally we can use saturation or we can add in some saturation. This can add some sort of subtle depth and color to the sound of our track and sometimes can make it sound just a little bit louder as well with actually increasing the loudness.  Let's go. So the changes I made there were applied to the balanced style and if I switch to another style like the warm style you'll see that all of the controls have gone back to their default state. If I go back to the balanced style again then my changes have been applied. So in other words you can actually create three custom styles of your own using these controls. Now once you've done that you will want to assess which ones are better and how they compare to the original but we've got a problem at this point because the original is so much quieter it's really difficult to make that assessment. As human beings we tend to feel that things that are louder are just better okay so that sort of ruins our objectivity a little bit. So what we really want to do to make an assessment as to whether we've improved things or not is take the loudness out of the equation for the moment and that's what this control is for up here the gain match control. When we switch this on we can listen to the changes that we've made here for the customization of the style without using the loudness so it's a good thing to temporarily do. So what I'm going to do is actually play the track I'm going to switch gain match on you're going to start off by hearing the original without any of these changes being applied and then I'll flick the bypass switch and you'll be able to hear the difference between the original and the changes I've made. So I think that the changes that you can hear are actually reflected in these controls that we can see down here and they do kind of speak for themselves it was definitely a lot wider sounding there was a lot more information in the highs there was a bit more presence in the vocals and you know it's pretty straightforward really it sort of speaks for itself in terms of UI. Don't forget that at the time of release for this video if you follow the link in the description down below you're going to get 25% off of this plugin I think it's well worth it let me know in the comments down below what you think thank you so much for watching today and I'll see you in the next video


I like Forest. I'm sure you do. I'm your Pathfinder, follow me. Right, not I will. So I'm happy to say that this is... What's the name of the map? Honestly, I have no memory. You made two engines of war. Ah, excellent. If you clicked up you can see some details. Yeah, that's right. So this is my first time playing through engines of war, and I have absolutely no idea what it's going to look like, but with previous maps from the game I expect some pretty interesting, hopefully, level design. Why not? Medical supplies. Okay, I'll take those. Thank you. We don't actually seem to have any much...  Dermantite or something like that. Pretty much. Now it's Dermantite. When you hear the drums of war, your pants turn brown. Oh, there are plenty of rats here. So shall we make delicious rats to you? I found killing stuff, but I'm trying to... Oh, our friend is pretty much dead. Yep, he's very, very dead, but I managed to revive him. So that's nice, I guess. He can thank me later by giving me all his fortune. The dwarf bot is better than him. Well, that's one of the facts in life, I suppose. I took them. Excellent. Okay, this location may be hard for finding Thompson's remorse, I think, because of the mist and all. Well, I'm sure we'll somehow manage. We don't have to do it in our first playthrough, anyway. Let's just explore them up. Totem thingy. Well, totem thingy is... Oh, it's nice. It's very warhammer typical. He took my bomb. Well, it wasn't mine, but... Did you hear what my elf said? Yeah. It's about small, filthy, and noisy. It's just like a dwarf. Well, she is very right about that.  Rotting gun, time guns, ogre rats, oh, full, the full package.   This is going to get worse before it gets better.  Excellent job. Now, if only he were as kind as to die. Honestly, I have absolutely no idea if this... He's playing rugby with us. Yeah.  We managed to take care of him. It's a long time to medicate, and that's done with. I would love to have some ammunition. My new swords, and... I'm glad you are. I'm enjoying my old rape here, which is really what I do all day long. Oh, ammunition. Where? Ah, I'll take them. Thank you very much. Enjoy your bullets. I will. I will enjoy flinging them at this gusting rat food. Because that's what everyone does with rats, I think. Oh, a potion of speed. At least you have endless supply of pistols. Yeah, for some reason, the animation of the witch hunter every single time I shoot, it looks like I'm dropping a gun. Well, you can't see it, but everyone else can. Yeah, don't say it, don't say it. Kids are watching. Or may... Probably not. Probably even me are watching this over ourselves right now. Oh, we actually... Actually, I think it will be very helpful for kids. It will teach them to take care of the vermin. If that happens in real life, they are going to need some... This is a good method for Black Death. Yeah, pretty much. The children will know. Dark Age is an example. Yeah. Oh, let's... Do you find yourself like 50% of the time when you shoot with your pistol? Oh my, assassin.  For example, shoot through my body and shoot the target behind me. It really happens. Oh, rattling gunner, careful. Yeah, because... Oh, nice. Very nice. Because on the challenge, nightmare and challenge... I don't know what was the difficulty after nightmare. I'm not on its scale or something on the lines. Friendly fire with ranged weapons. Probably on the last difficulty there will be melee as well. Yeah. Well, we're going to find out eventually.  Was that a bomb? Sorry? No. Oh, we have a fourth player. Yeah. The bright witch joined us some time ago. Magically transformed into a magical fire woman. Yeah, that happens more often than you think. They are like butterflies. Pretty much. You're dead. You know, have you ever read Ratfilet Mignon? It's very delicious. I can prepare you some with the rat which is slotted. I will try. Never tried it before. I'm sure it took it in. Lots of nutrition, actually. Hearing sounds no time there. For example, now I'm hearing the rat with the skulls, but there is no rat to go. You know, if you have sound hallucinations, you should probably get that checked out. Ah, I poked the other rat before he could poke me. That was far more fun than it should have been. I poked them with arrows. It's what we do, mate. Let's see. Is there something here? Oh, medical supplies. Lovely. Sometimes I manage to poke two rats with one arrow. I'm going to check out if there's no nothing here. Oh, this is some kind of fortress. Well, the moon is so pretty. Yeah, the moon is really quite good here. It reminds me of Dragon Age Inquisition because of the green house. Was it green there? Let's try that. Oh my. Uh oh. This is not going to be easy. Good bomb. That was a good use of your bomb hatch. Well, I suppose there's one good thing that's come out of this. I have really quite gotten good at blocking. This storm vermin, was it storm vermin or storm something? Storm guards. They are called storm guards, I think. Oh, assassin rat. Yeah, I see. I think I found the location. No. You okay? This time this assassin rat just jumped to me, kissed me on the neck. Well, he was probably trying to give you a hug or something along the lines. Oh, I'm in some kind of a mind now. Oh no, I need help. Please help me. I don't want to die. And the wizardess is not helping me. That's rude. I saved her life just a minute ago.  Our allies are going there right now. Even our arrows left, do you? No. I know the feeling. Oh, I saw a lot of my charges at the twin blades.  Please protect me. I am making a wall from corpses.  So, that was nice. With his two darts. Oh, this is the machine. Yeah. Well, it looks like some alchemical device. It reminds me of something made by Marvin the Martian, honestly. Oh no, a rattling gunner.  Now I'm kind of sad I don't have any more bullets, honestly. Ah, bullets. Ammunition, I mean.  Okay, I will keep them away. And then I'll take some more because I just used a whole bunch of them. Ooh, a barrel. I'll take this one. Oh no, he took that one.  How meanhearted of him.  Rattlingunner. Oh my. I'm taking fire to your life. Yeah, I'm behind the thing and it protects me. Right, we managed to destroy one more. Ah, time to leave the camp. Well, that wasn't too hard, I think. I hope that's the end. So, your witch doctor can summon fairies. I think we should wait for them before we go. I am afraid that they will. Finally, they caught up to us. Now I only have two bullets left. How great is that? Wasted three bullets from my other... I found healing stuff. Okay, we can stay here and wait them to come to us. How much blood? Oh, my FPS seriously dropped just now. You know, optimization of this game is really kind of not quite there yet. I hope they take care of this issue because it's kind of annoying. It's not the only one I report. Oh yeah, the graphics really are good, but the optimization isn't... Yeah, I need to save the witch. Can you please wait for me? I saved her. Excellent. Whom did I murder? How did he die, I wonder. The Imperial Goon. I'm sure he's been called worse.  Being Imperial isn't all that bad. Let's see what's here. A dead rat, apparently. It smells of old magic here. Oh, old magic and dark gods. Dead horsey. Old magic and dark gods, that doesn't sound good. Maybe you should heal the witch. I am afraid she's... I didn't check that there. Oh, he found a tom somewhere. Yeah, he did a while back. I didn't notice where exactly, so...  Witch, wait! Wait! Ooh, ammunition.  Uh-oh. Behind you. Oh. I hear them. They are too noisy. Let's not dally too long. Late in your face? Oh, my. Right. Well, you know I've discovered that using guns to kill rats is one of the best ways to do it.  Maybe a drink, indeed. Uh-oh. Hello, Mr. Rat. Lovely seeing you, then. I think we're pretty close to the end of the level. Do you think all the rats are family? They're in different clans, I think. But yeah, if you count a clan as family. If they're like real rats, they must multiply like rats. Like rats. Well, probably. I'd really rather not think about the multiplication processes in rat culture. So, I think when we summon the fairy, you have to survive like in the... Definitely. Let's see, let's not summon it, uh-oh. Okay, I forgot to hold it. Come with me. Wait, I'm going to save the soldier, buddy. Okay, I'm coming to help. Oh, I found healing supplies. I'm going to heal myself. You're having issues? Having trouble? Yeah.  I know. I managed to save the witch woman. I need to revive. Yeah, good. A chest. Nothing in the chest, of course.  This path is too... You still clouded? Bloody. Oh, there is a door for the basement. I'm going to open it. I'm going in the basement. Basement. If there's something interesting there, let me know. I'm checking for book. There is no book. Oh, you can go in the basement via two ways, a door, and there is a hole, like in the...  The wall of the... I see. Rotting. Where? Somewhere. I hear him. Oh, I found a loot guy. Excellent. Oh, no. I just found lots and lots of rats. Uh-oh.  He killed me. Yeah, he's shooting me, and when he's shooting me, I'm moving, probably. Yeah, I know the feeling. I am right now supposed to go reach the ferry.  The hardcore is permanently dead. Right. Oh, if you can go in the ferry and go without me. No! Oh, no. In the last possible moment. Fuck! We lost in the...


All right. Thank you very much. Let's see, does the screen look good? Yes, it does look good. All right, awesome. Okay, thanks for that introduction. Yeah, so my name is Matt Billingham. Let's see, and today I wanted to talk a little bit about some of the recent work that I've been doing with some of my colleagues here at the Space Sciences Lab about Aurora on Mars. Which maybe not very many people know about because it's kind of new. Anyway, so let's see, to start here. Oh, so this is a weird picture. I'll explain more what this is at the end, but this is kind of a nice picture and where we should end up today. So let's see. I want to start with more than just Aurora on Mars, but Aurora in general, because maybe some people aren't familiar with that. And so Aurora, or what's sometimes called the Northern Lights, is a dynamic light display that's usually, you know, we can see in the upper atmosphere, usually near the North Pole. Also near the South Pole, but fewer people live there, so it's not quite as common. But all these pictures I found online of just different photographs people have taken from their ground, looking at the Aurora. So usually, you know, in Alaska or Canada or even Scandinavia, you get lots of these pictures often with snow on the ground, which you can see in some of these. Let's see. There we go. And so this is a time lapse movie. This is a greatly sped up. So usually over the course of tens of minutes, you can see these colors and these bands bouncing around in the sky. And this is one of the pretty active world displays here that we see here on Earth. So kind of fun. Let's see. And so these, where these occur, are high in the atmosphere, usually between 100 to 200 kilometers.  So this is well above where airplanes fly, usually about 10 kilometers on your trans oceanic flights. And well below, say, the International Space Station, which is around 400 kilometers or about 250 miles. And so this little movie is from the space station. You can see the little solar panel in the corner that is looking down on the Aurora. You can see all these bright green bands just floating there in the atmosphere. Again, greatly sped up in this case. So what causes this Aurora? And so Aurora are caused by particles from space, usually electrons, but sometimes other particles. So you can hit the atoms and molecules in the atmosphere. And when they hit those atoms and molecules, those atoms become excited. They get into excited states. So this is, you know, a little bit of quantum mechanics. But you have the electrons in the atom and molecule itself will, you know, absorb some energy from the collision. And then when these atoms and molecules relax or calm down, they release that energy. They release that energy from light. And so these gases in the atmosphere will emit light. And it's basically very similar to how a neon light works. And so you have a basically a glass tube filled with gas. And you bombard it with electrons and you run a current through it. And then the gas starts to glow. And then you have neon lights. And if any of you remember the old CRT TV screens or monitors, they actually work in the same sort of principle too. We shoot electrons from the back of the TV at the back of the screen. And the screens start to glow. You can watch the moving pictures and all that. Very similar to how a neon light works. Not like our present day flat screens that use these different technologies. Okay. And so in a lot of pictures I just showed in little animations, we saw a lot of green light coming from our atmosphere. And that predominantly comes from oxygen. So in our atmosphere, at least down here on the surface, our interest mostly nitrogen, but also has a lot of oxygen in it. So the oxygen is the stuff we breathe. As you go a higher up in the atmosphere, you get more and more relative fraction, more oxygen. And so these electrons from space are hitting whatever's up there. So they hit a lot of oxygen. And you excite oxygen. One of the colors that emits is green. Sometimes it emits some red colors too, but predominantly green. And so we see this nice green aurora here on Earth. Okay. There's some other important stuff that comes into how the aurora is formed. And that has to do with the magnetic field. And so electrons from space, actually all charged particles are guided by magnetic fields. So in this is more physics stuff, but charged particles are basically the magnetic field tells a charged particle which way to go. And so Earth's magnetic field looks like has a giant bar magnet in the middle. It doesn't really. So actually what's going on is you have motions in the liquid iron core swirling around that generates Earth's magnetic field. But the shape of that magnetic field looks just like a big bar magnet where all of the magnetic field points out of one hemisphere and into another. And so here near the North and South Poles, it's almost vertical into the atmosphere. So the magnetic field guides you to charge particles into the atmosphere. And that is why we see the aurora here near the poles. Because that's where the magnetic field lines are most vertical and guiding those charged particles right down and to hit the atmosphere. Excite the atmospheric atoms, molecules and then they emit light. And usually we see the rings of aurora around the North and South Pole. Okay, so this is from a satellite orbits the Earth, looking down on the Earth. And maybe you can see here this is Antarctica. And so this is the southern lights. So we have the northern lights right now in the north and also the southern lights in the south. And again, this is over many hours, so it's greatly sped up. And you can see how the aurora is kind of dancing and moving around and changing shape and brightness. Let's see. And so often from space, when we look at the aurora, we don't look in visible light. Light our eyes can see. We'll often look in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum. We can't see ultraviolet. Ultraviolet has wavelengths that are shorter than violet. So we can't see it. We can build instruments, build cameras, put them on satellites so they can see an ultraviolet. And ultraviolet is useful because there's actually a lot of information you can get from looking at the ultraviolet light. Not a lot of information we can get from visible light. But from space. Actually, it's easier to see the aurora in ultraviolet than invisible because there's lots of, you know, the atmosphere reflects a lot of visible light, but does not reflect a lot of ultraviolet light. So when we look at the aurora from the ground, usually we study it in visible light, look at it from space. We study it in ultraviolet light. We study the aurora from the ground, the ultraviolet light, because the atmosphere does a pretty good job of absorbing ultraviolet. And so you wouldn't see very much from the ground if you tried to use an ultraviolet camera. But from space you can see a lot. And so, since it's ultraviolet light, our eyes can't see it. Sometimes we get crazy pictures like this where the color has nothing to do with the color of lights being emitted. So if we use all ultraviolet, we can't see it. We can't, our eyes don't know that it's there, so we can't assign a color to it. So here these colors just represent how bright it is. So red is really bright, and these sort of greenish and bluish colors are not quite as bright. But it again just illustrates, there's this ring around the North Pole, so you can see Greenland, Northern Canada. And the aurora around the North and the South Pole. Okay, so this is Earth, turns out. Other planets like Jupiter have a similar magnetic field configuration, a dipole magnetic field, where you have a bunch of magnetic field going into one of them, so you're one out of one hemisphere, so near the poles, the magnetic field is more or less vertical. And we see similar rings around the poles, and so here is Jupiter in visible light. So this is what we see when we come to a telescope, but up at the top we have the Jupiter's aurora in ultraviolet light. So you can see how bright Jupiter is here in visible light. If we try to take a visible picture of the aurora, all we'd see is sunlight reflected off Jupiter's clouds. So if we look into ultraviolet, Jupiter's clouds are very dark, but the aurora is very bright. So we can then see Jupiter's aurora and ultraviolet. And here's just a close-up view. It's much more structured and complicated than Earth, because there's a lot of stuff going on at Jupiter in terms of its big moons and all sorts of stuff happening there. That's a whole different topic about Jupiter's aurora. Let's see. Similarly, we can look at Saturn. It also has a dipole magnetic field like the Earth does. And so here is Saturn in visible light, and then Saturn's aurora is just happening to be from the south pole, and ultraviolet light. Again, if you try to look at this in visible light, Saturn's cloud tops are too bright. You can't really see the aurora, but ultraviolet light, Saturn's clouds are dim, and we can see this bright emission from this ring around Saturn's pole. And let's see. I have one more. So here's just, again, a time lapse. So several pictures. I think these are from Hubble Space Telescope. So watching the Saturn over the course of several hours and seeing how the aurora changes, just like we saw on Earth in the earlier time lapse movie, you can see the aurora basically change a little bit in size and shape. It gets brighter and dimmer. Okay, but this is not a talk about aurora on Earth or Jupiter or Saturn. It's supposed to be aurora on Mars. So what about Mars? So interestingly, Mars does not have a dipole magnetic field. What it does have are these small regions of magnetized rocks. So this is just an artist's rendition of what Mars's magnetic field might look like. And so this, I mean, this in itself is really interesting. It suggests that maybe early in its history, Mars had a dipole field kind of like the Earth does. But it doesn't anymore. It went away. Basically, whatever was going on in the liquid outer core of Mars, it may have generated a dipole field stopped happening. And then Mars' dipole field went away, dissipated. What was left over are these regions on Mars' surface where the rocks remember what that magnetic field was. They have these little patches of magnetic field rather than a global dipole magnetic field like Earth and Jupiter and Saturn. It looks much different at Mars. And so here's actually some data. So not an artist's rendition. But this is a map of where the magnetic field is nearly vertical at Mars. This is the vertical part of the magnetic field. And let's look at different hemispheres of Mars. If we made a map like this at Earth, I should have put one for this for comparison. It'd be much less structured. You would see maybe a band of blue at the top and a band of red at the bottom. And just some of these yellowish-grayish-greenish colors in the middle. I'm going to try and jump back. Some pictures here to show you this one. And so you can see in the north, there's vertical magnetic fields in the south, vertical magnetic fields. But everywhere else, there's no vertical fields. They're basically horizontal to the surface. And so if we were to make a map like this for Earth, it would just be these bands in latitude. Not all these splotches that we see here at Mars. Okay. So with this in mind, we can ask ourselves, well, then what does the aurora look like at Mars? Well, I would tell you, but that would be too short. So I wanted to give you a little bit of history first on how we discovered Aurora at Mars and how we got to where we are today. Okay. So a little bit of history. So actually Aurora on Mars was first discovered in 2005. So almost 20 years ago, 18 years ago, it was first discovered by this instrument with a crazy acronym, spectroscopy for the investigations and characteristics of the atmosphere of Mars. We just call it spy cam. That's much shorter. And this was an instrument, an ultraviolet instrument that was orbiting Mars on a spacecraft called Mars Express. So Mars Express was a mission that was launched by the European Space Agency. And it's still orbiting Mars, still taking data. And this is just one of the instruments that was on that satellite around Mars. And here is the first picture of the aurora on Mars. Actually, it's not really a picture. It's not very pretty, and it's kind of hard to interpret really what it is. And so this is actually what we call a spectrum, not really a picture. So in this instrument, the thing we call spy cam, it diffracts light, kind of like a prism. So light comes in and then it's spread out in wavelengths. Like if you shine light on a prism, it's going to make a rainbow. So basically light gets spread out from red to blue. This is ultraviolet light. So light gets spread out, but again, you can't see it. But it does get spread out in wavelengths. And so that's what the bottom here is, wavelength from 100 to 350 nanometers. The wavelength of the light. The human eye is sensitive to light from about 400 to 700 nanometers. So blue light is around 400 nanometers. So this is all at wavelength shorter than our eye can see. So I wouldn't say any of this. So this is all in the ultraviolet. So the spectrum, so it's not quite as pretty. It's not a nice picture, but there's a lot of information in here. Okay, so what are we looking at here? So this is a color bar where the brown stuff means it's very dim. There's not much light coming. And as your colors go from yellow to green to blue, it gets brighter. And we see these, these are these vertical stripes here. So that means there's light coming at very particular wavelengths. So not, not all the colors in the rainbow plus ultraviolet, but just very particular wavelengths of light are being emitted. And so what happens when you have aurora, you excite your atoms, molecules, they'll emit light, but they only emit very specific wavelengths. But what's interesting here is this little band, horizontal band right here. Where, okay, on this side, things are pretty dark, lots of brown color. That means very dark. Here's a big, a blip of blue right here. And then becomes, you know, brown again. It's a pretty vertical strips. And so this little blip right here. This is the first detection of aurora on Mars. But again, isn't very pretty. I'll give you that. But there's lots of, lots of information in here. So if we take a cut in this picture this way, right where that blip is and look at the spectrum. So basically look at how bright it is versus wavelength. And so here's the same wavelength scale from, you know, just over 100 to, you know, about 300 nanometers. So this is the same wavelength scale we have over here. But now instead of looking at, you know, finding colors, different brightnesses, we just look at the brightness then on this side. And so these little bunch of spiky things, as usually what a spectrum looks like, but the bigger spikes, that's where there's more lights coming at those wavelengths and more lights being emitted. And so we're able, if we look at a spectrum like this, one of the neat things about looking at spectra is you can figure out what atoms and molecules are emitting light. And also if you can do some other neat stuff and figure out what's the energy of electrons and hit them, that'll tell you how bright it is. But what I wanted to point out here is that we see light emitted from carbon monoxide, that's CO. That's not something that we have in Earth's atmosphere. So Earth's atmosphere, primarily nitrogen and oxygen, the atmosphere of Mars is primarily carbon dioxide. It's almost 95% carbon dioxide on the surface. If you go higher in the atmosphere, sometimes that carbon dioxide breaks up. So you have carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and also oxygen. And so we're seeing here in the spectrum, light coming from the carbon monoxide molecule and also from the carbon dioxide. So the brightest light here is coming from these wavelengths here that are carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. And these are things we've never seen at Earth that have that much carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, at least not enough to emit light in any appreciable amount. So this was the first discovery. Again, not pretty, but there it is. And this means something that people that study spectra all the time, but a picture like this really doesn't capture the public's imagination, does it? Okay, so later, about almost 10 years ago, another mission to Mars called MAVEN had an instrument called the imaging ultraviolet spectrograph, or we call IUVS. So it was a similar instrument to SPICAM. It looked at ultraviolet light. And again, as the light entered the instrument, it was broken up by wavelengths, like a little prism. And so you can look at the spectrum. But in this case, as the spacecraft, well, the instrument itself could move and basically scan across Mars rather than just stare at one spot. And so IUVS was able to build up images. And so here is basically the, I think the first image of what a rural on Mars looks like. And so basically what happens is this instrument would stare at Mars and it would have a mirror that would tilt back and forth and it would scan.  And you can see that there's some little places here where it's brighter than the surrounding area. And again, this is ultraviolet light. So we just picked a color. Our eyes can't see this. I guess whoever made this picked a color purple. Okay, let's look at it. Let's call it purple and see what it looks like. Okay, and so this is really interesting. So this is kind of cool. And you see these little bright squiggles here. You can line it up with a magnetic field map of Mars. And you can see that these squiggles will trace out the places of the magnetic field of purple. And this was the best, and I think the only picture we had up until 2021. It's a couple of years ago. That brings us to another mission. So basically in 2021, the Emirates Mars mission, sometimes abbreviated as EMM, it's also called HOPE or AMAL in Arabic, it's called scan orbiting Mars. And this was a mission launched by the United Arab Emirates. And it had another ultraviolet instrument on it. I would call them the Emirates Mars ultraviolet spectrometer. Often we just call it EMUs. But again, it measured the spectrum of Mars, but it had a much larger field of view. And you could scan across the planet and make images. Similar to this one, but as you'll see, much better in my... Okay, so these are the first global images of Aurora at Mars were taken by this ultraviolet instrument from the Emirates Mars mission. And so what are we looking at here? So on the left side of each one of these, this big bright crescent, that's basically the atmosphere of Mars has been illuminated by the sun. The sun's off the earth, sunlight shining on the atmosphere, and that scatters and reflects a bunch of sunlight, but it's really bright. And in a lot of these, we have dots that are surrounding Mars here. Those are actually stars that we can see, but here on the right side of all these images where it's dark... This is the night side of Mars. We wouldn't expect any scattered sunlight. And so all of the light coming from this dark side of Mars is Aurora. So now we're looking at Aurora on Mars. And these pictures are much better than the previous pictures because this instrument is much more sensitive than the previous instruments. So every time you send a new instrument on a new satellite out into space, you want to make it better than the last one. Whenever you make something better, more sensitive, you can see more stuff. And so with this instrument with emus, we see Aurora on Mars all over the place. Okay, so this Aurora that we see, often, almost always, not quite always, will often line up in places where the magnetic field of Mars is vertical or nearly so. And so in this case right here in this rightmost image, you see these sort of squiggles, they will line up with these regions here where the magnetic field of Mars is strong and vertical. And I'll show some pictures later that have some contours. What's also really interesting, I think, is we see also a rural emission where the magnetic field is not vertical. Where things don't line up with vertical magnetic fields. And so that is really interesting because that's completely unexpected. These eyeballs are completely unexpected. And so when we find things we don't expect, that's when we learn something new. We're going to try and figure out why is this happening. Okay, and it turns out, again, this instrument on the Emirates Mars mission is much more sensitive than previous instruments. And so basically we see Aurora almost all the time whenever we're looking at the night side of the planet. So if the spacecraft orbits Mars, whenever it looks at the night side, almost always we'll see some aurora. Okay, so most of the time, again, it's associated with the magnetic field that is nearly vertical. And so that's basically the... Some example images here at the top. I don't know if you can see the... There's some contours here, blue and purple. That's just showing the region that's strongest magnetic field. I have another picture that might be easy to see. We have the what we call the crustal field aurora. That's where the aurora lines up with the vertical magnetic fields. We see lots of examples of that. And again, interestingly, we see sometimes we'll see aurora that's not where the vertical magnetic field is. It's just called the patchy aurora that just occurs away from the crustal magnetic fields, the vertical magnetic fields, which again is really interesting, not really sure why that is. And then even crazier is sometimes we'll see these bands or these lines for aurora that will cover basically an entire hemisphere. So as it was shown in this bottom row, what we call sinuous aurora. So going from north to south or from east to west, sometimes there's little squiggles in here. And this has no analogy to anything we've seen at Earth or at Jupiter or at Saturn. And so it's a completely different, different type of aurora that we've never seen before at other planets. So that's really interesting. And we want to figure out, well, why is this happening? We don't know yet, short answer, but that's one of the things that a lot of people are working on. Okay. So another thing we can do is now we have a few years of data of images from the Emirates Mars mission and we can look at them statistically. Okay, so just take all those images and pile them up on a map of Mars. So we have latitude versus longitude on these two maps. And this is just showing, you know, where is aurora on Mars most likely? So we have an occurrence rate. What percent of the time do we see aurora on these different locations? Let's see. So a couple of things I want to point out. First off, the aurora at Mars is very dim compared to Earth. And so we can see on this, on these, on both of these, we have like a three R and a seven R. Those are the brightness threshold. So R stands for railways and that's a unit of brightness and it's often used when you look at atmospheres. So a nice, you know, dark adjusted human eye can see a few hundred railways. That's pretty dim. A nice auroral display, at least like sea on Earth, like those first few images I showed of those nice bright green aurora, those are, you know, usually several to many thousand railways. And so here we're looking at thresholds of three, not several thousand, and thresholds of seven railways, not several thousand. This is very, very dim compared to what we see on Earth. On average, okay, there are certain places where we can see bright aurora on Mars, so several hundred railways. But on average, the aurora on Mars appears to be pretty dim. Let's see, another thing I want to point out. Oh, so where the brighter aurora are most common are in these regions of vertical magnetic field. So here I think that the contours are much clearer. So you can see this with a blue and green contours. These are regions where the magnetic field is almost vertical. And where the magnetic field is vertical, that's where we see these bright patches saying, okay, this brighter aurora occur here more often. So all these little patches here where you see the bright spots of your brighter threshold aurora here is almost always where the field is vertical. But we look up here at the dimmer aurora, it's widespread, basically across the whole planet. There's almost always aurora somewhere, even in places where the magnetic field is not vertical. Okay, and one other thing I want to point out is this instrument doesn't... it looks in a different wavelength range. Again, we're looking at spectra over here in the ultraviolet. But you've got to pick, basically, when you make an instrument, what wavelengths to look at. And so this particular instrument doesn't see those carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions like the previous instruments did, like I showed you that spectrum from stycams, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. What this instrument sees is from oxygen. And so here we have... this happens to be at 130 nanometers, but this is an emission that comes from an excited oxygen atom. So, again, electron hits an oxygen, that atom becomes excited, and when it relaxes, calms down again, it'll emit, sometimes it will emit an ultraviolet light at 130 nanometers. And so that's similar to what we see on Earth. If we look at an aurora in ultraviolet, we'll see this emission from oxygen at 130 nanometers. Okay, so I just wanted to summarize some stuff and compare and contrast with what we see at Mars, what we see at Earth. Okay, so in general, you know, aurora occur, or particles from space hit the atmosphere. Those atmospheric atoms and molecules get excited, and then when they relax, they emit light, and that's the light we can see. And usually, almost always, but not quite always, aurora occur for the magnetic field is vertical, because the magnetic field is basically guiding those charged particles for the atmosphere, and that's most easily done when the field is nearly vertical with respect to the atmosphere. And that's what we see at Earth and at Jupiter and at Saturn, and sometimes at Mars. At Mars in particular, let's see, the aurora is patchy. Like its magnetic field is patchy. And so that is very much unlike Earth. So at Earth, you usually have this nice continuous ring around the pole due to that large scale, you know, homogeneous magnetic field. Let's see, Mars, not like that, very patchy. You can see patches of aurora here and there. Let's see, like the brightest aurora at Mars, most often occurs where the field is vertical or nearly vertical. That is very similar to Earth. However, there's that widespread dimmer where the magnetic field is not vertical. So again, that's not something we see at Earth. We see the aurora where the field is vertical and no aurora usually where the field is vertical. Let's see. Another similarity is we see aurora from oxygen. So that's, let's see here from this picture. This is all coming from oxygen. And so we can see that and that's very similar to Earth because most of the light that we see from Earth's aurora is coming from oxygen. However, we also see aurora coming from carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. And those are gases that aren't as plentiful in Earth's atmosphere. So we don't see any aurora coming from those molecules at Earth only from Mars. And so there's some similarities with Earth and that there's some really important differences from Earth's aurora that we see at Mars too. Okay. And I do want to say that all the observations that I showed is from Mars are from the ultraviolet. But as we know from studying gases in Earth laboratories, oxygen, when you excite oxygen, it will emit ultraviolet light and it will also emit visible light. Same thing with carbon dioxide. You have a laboratory bombarded with electrons that will emit ultraviolet light but it will also emit visible light. And carbon dioxide will often emit a blue color. And so you'll get green colors from oxygen but blue colors from carbon dioxide. So the fact that we see these emissions in ultraviolet coming from these gases says, well, at the same time, these gases are probably also emitting visible light. Just our instruments can't see them. So the conjecture here is that probably occasionally the aurora might be bright enough to be seen from the surface in visible light. And so I wanted to show this map again. This is from the picture again. This is from the title slide. So basically showing just one individual image looking at the aurora on Mars. And again, these brighter little features, brightest features here trace out the vertical magnetic field, magnetic field here. But this is where we see the brightest aurora. And so the thought is that maybe someday if we get rovers in this area, right now there's been no rovers at this area where the vertical magnetic fields are, or someday we get people in this area, they could be able to look up and perhaps see some aurora in the sky. And I picked this particular picture to add a lot of green, that'd be from oxygen, but also some blue mixed in here. Which on Earth comes from nitrogen but on Mars we come from the carbon dioxide. And hopefully a picture that someone might see someday of a aurora on Mars but taken from the surface of the planet, invisible light that our eyes can see rather than this ultraviolet light from space. And that's just much more, I don't know, visually engaging to actually see with our own eyes aurora on Mars. And so I think that's all the big stuff I wanted to say. And so I splashed my email address up here in case you have any lingering questions. But I think I'm happy to take questions now also. Yes, Matt, we have a couple of questions from Valerie. She said, when you say dim, does that mean dim to the UV sensors only? How might that relate to visual spectrum? So, good question, yes. And so yeah, as far as what we see, I call it dim because that's dim in our instrument, in our ultraviolet instrument. Right, and so people study, basically you have a gas, you've bombarded with electrons, and you see, okay, how much light is emitted in ultraviolet versus how much light is emitted in visible, and look at the entire spectrum from ultraviolet to visible, even what we can see. And so that, it depends a lot on the energy of the electrons that come in.  But there's been some theoretical work done recently to say, okay, if we see this much brightness in ultraviolet, what does that correspond to in terms of visible light? And people have suggested, like I kind of suggest here that the brightest aurora should be visible in visible light. So we should be able to see it, say with an instrument like the human eye, should be able, in some cases, to see that kind of like, let's see, yeah, kind of, you know, this is an Earth image, but maybe someday we'll see some glow like that in visible light. But yeah, we can do that calculation to figure out how bright it would be invisible. And it should be just above the threshold of what humans can see. Thank you, Matt. A question from Claire. What theories have been put out for the aurora areas that don't line up with vertical magnetic fields? Oh boy, that's a good question. Well, okay. So I guess the ideas that we have is that the, so basically these maps of the magnetic fields that we try to show here, like these contours here that show the vertical magnetic field. So this is a magnetic field that only comes from Mars itself, from the crust, from the rocks inside Mars. And so these are regions where you would expect the vertical magnetic field to be. So there's also a magnetic field that comes from the Sun. So basically all the planets are exposed to basically what we call a solar wind. It's the particles coming from the Sun and the Sun's magnetic field is dragged along with it. We call it the interplanetary magnetic field. And so that basically permeates the solar system. Okay, why am I saying that? And so what can happen is you can have this interplanetary magnetic field interact with the field, the magnetic field from the crust of Mars. And so what we think is happening is that, okay, there are actually vertical fields there, but they're not coming from Mars itself. They're coming from the interplanetary magnetic field. And as that basically wraps around Mars and interacts with the Mars's crustal magnetic fields, you can get places where it's locally, locally vertical, at least into the atmosphere. So you can guide particles in that way. And so it's what we call an external magnetic field that can guide the particles into the atmosphere rather than a magnetic field coming from inside Mars. And I think that's our best guess, because we shouldn't be able to get particles to the atmosphere. Electron shouldn't hit the atmosphere if there's no way to get there. And so we think there's got to be some sort of vertical magnetic field or at least almost vertical magnetic field that's the particles if you hit the atmosphere. So that's our idea at the moment, but we're still studying this stuff, trying to figure out why we do see Aurora in these places where we wouldn't expect to. Thank you, Matt. Another question from Valerie. If the Aurora move, what would cause them to move? Oh, golly, that is a really good question. So, okay. So we see Aurora, you know, even at Earth and at Jupiter and Saturn, and even at Mars, we have seen that. So we can take pictures a few minutes apart and we'll see that the bright areas move a little bit. And so it either comes from either the source of the tripartite or the source of electrons is moving. And so, you know, had some source of electrons over here and now that sort of move somewhere else. And so they are guided into the atmosphere. They hit a different part of the atmosphere. Or, that's one option, or you can have the magnetic field move or wave around a little bit. And so we think the magnetic field is, you know, basically fixed, just not really fixed. The magnetic field can move around a little bit, especially when you had these interactions with the interplanetary magnetic field. And so, as interplanetary magnetic field interacts with the crustal field from Mars, you can basically move around that crustal field a little bit. Well, it doesn't move in a rock. They can move up in the upper atmosphere, which I should clarify that. And so, as we see the Aurora moving, that's telling us one of two things. The source of the particles hitting the atmosphere is moving or the field itself is moving, or both. It's hard to distinguish between the two. At places like Earth and Jupiter and Saturn, okay, there you have a very strong magnetic field. And it's basically too strong to move around much. And so there we think the source of where the electrons are coming from is moving around in space. At Mars, we can't say that for sure, because it fields a lot weaker and is able to be pushed around more by the interplanetary magnetic field. So it's either the source of particles is moving, the field itself is moving around, or both is happening. And that can cause the Aurora to move. Thank you, Matt. And question from Mitra. They ask, how do solar magnetic fields and solar winds affect the Aurora in Mars? So that is an excellent question. That is what we're looking at. There's people across the hall from me and a few doors down from me that are looking to get that exact thing. They're trying to figure out how do changes in the solar wind? How does that change the Aurora we see? Let's see. And so what do we know so far? So there does seem to be some change in the Aurora. So we have basically the solar wind can sometimes be faster, slow. And it seems like when the solar wind is basically faster or more dense, the occurrence rate of the Aurora on Mars goes up. Similarly with the solar magnetic field and our planetary magnetic field, certain regions on Mars, let's see, are more likely to have Aurora there or not, depending upon the direction that that interplanetary magnetic field points. And so I don't have any good pictures, but I've seen some other pictures showing if you have the interplanetary magnetic field point one way, we can make a map like this of where the Aurora are. And if the magnetic field points another way, we can make a map like this of where the Aurora are. And there are differences. So that's telling us we don't know exactly what's going on yet, but we do know that the direction of the solar magnetic field does affect when and where Aurora can occur on Mars. But that's basically the cutting edge of research right now. At least for Aurora on Mars is how does the sun, how does the magnetic field from the sun and the solar wind from the sun, how does that affect when and where and how bright and how often we see this Aurora on Mars. So hopefully in a couple years, the next talk will have a lot more information and answers to that question, but that's a, that's what we're all wondering about. Thank you, Matt. That's the last question in chat. But Emory and Claire said thank you for sharing this interesting information and Parker said there's so many things and you just fascinated with Mars. Cool. I'm very happy to share that. Thank you so much, Matt. We really appreciate you taking the time to share with us the causes of Aurora and why they appear and act so differently on Mars. I also want to thank everyone for joining the program. I hope you all find the presentation interesting to you. I will send out an evaluation survey together with Matt's presentation slide deck and link to today's recording. Please give us your feedback so we can continue to improve our programming. Again, thank you everyone and have a wonderful rest of this. Bye-bye now. Thanks.


How much money is needed to start a print-on-demand store or how to do it for free? In this video guys, I'm gonna show you how you can start a print-on-demand store We all want to do it people are selling t-shirts and mugs and towels and shower curtains Oh my god everything and guess what they don't have to print it They don't have to package it They don't have to ship it because these print-on-demand companies will do it all for you I'm going to show you how to do that in this video and how you can do it for free Hey, I'm JR Fisher Welcome to my channel if you're brand new on this channel We learn how to start run and grow online businesses because I've been doing this since 2009 I've sold millions of dollars of both digital and physical products and I'm here to tell you It's a great way to make a living and what I do is I share all of those techniques with you Heck I had my branded products on thousands of websites including Walmart So they're all over the place and I share those techniques with you so that you can get great results too Now at the end of this particular video, I have a free course. I want to give you it's a $97 course You can get it absolutely free. There's a link in the description below Also, don't forget especially if you're new here make sure you subscribe Hit that subscribe button down there and don't forget like the video if you like it and Turn on notifications. There's a notification bell right next to the subscribe button there You got to click it and then you got to turn on all notifications That way you become part of the Fisher family and a VIP and what does that mean? That means that I can tell you when I upload a video You don't have to go searching for it I can notify you when I go live So you can jump on some of these calls with me and you can learn live Don't miss out on that grab that opportunity Now have you tried to start a print on demand business or you have some questions about it Make sure you put those comments below I want to see those comments down there guys and I will be happy to answer any questions you may have So let's go ahead and get started Let's figure out how to do this print on demand thing. It's pretty cool Now in this video the best ways to do the print on demand I'm going to tell you are the paid ways However, there are also free ways and you can make money doing it the free ways first And then once you've made a little bit of money You can invest it in the paid services that help you do this a little bit easier So let's go ahead and jump right into this First off, number one, the free way is going to be Teespring They actually pay you a commission So let's go over to Teespring real quick and check it out Okay, I'm here at Teespring right now And you can see they are actually pushing this particular thing right here It's Pickle the dinosaur plush But here's how Teespring works basically We're going to go over here first and look at apparel And what do I want here? I want Animal Lover We'll pick Animal Lover We are all Animal Lovers in this household And we can kind of see what people are doing Now this particular one here is Rough Patch Rescue Mascot Okay, so you can see this t-shirt right here And it's a classic tee and they have the price on it right here And then if you pick the different ways they can print this Whether it's a v-neck or a pullover Those are the different prices for it Now, if you want to design your own t-shirt You go over here to start designing And then you're going to go ahead and log in right here And you can actually design whatever you want You can design apparel I'll go with women's t-shirts right here I'll click on Start Designing Now, here's what you can do You can buy it by designing and buying for myself You can create branded team products that type of thing Or you can sell You can list my design online for free And make money and add existing listing Okay, so all you do is you pull it up here I get my t-shirt here And then what I'm going to do is I would grab Any image that I had on my computer And we'll put up an image here I've got a sad dog I'm going to pull him up And boom, the sad dog is on here Now, if you notice, it's not filling this out So I've got to kind of stretch this around And you can actually add text now I can put text right here We're going to put this down here And we'll put sad dog Right here And as you can see I'm going to go ahead and preview it real quick And I didn't center this up, I should have centered it up But basically I've just designed a t-shirt Literally that quick Now, here's how it works What you do is you put a price on the products To be fulfilled from the U.S., okay And whatever price I put on there Is going to show me my profit So if I put $30 here for this t-shirt It's going to change my profit to $17.68, okay So you can easily do that on t-spring And get started for free And get a commission on these shirts And immediately start making money And you don't have to do anything I mean, just upload a design You can actually do text t-shirts too You don't even have to do a design or a picture You can just do it with a text Some people like that You can do the front You can do the back of the t-shirt Whatever you want to do You can do it on t-spring and sell your products And it doesn't have to be t-shirts It can be mugs It can be, you know, shower curtains It can be towels It can be whatever you want it to be Let me go back here real quick And I was in women's t-shirts here But let me go back Then you can see there's socks There's leggings There's pillows It's all there Now I also want to tell you about the other free way to do this And that would be Merch by Amazon Merch by Amazon is awesome Let's go over there real quick And I'll show it to you It works a lot like t-spring Okay, here we are at Merch by Amazon And basically it's the same thing here You're going to upload your artwork You're going to set a listing price They print when it's sold Fast shipping with Prime And you will earn monthly royalties Now you're not going to get paid as much here You're probably going to get paid maybe 20% Something along those lines But once again, you know, you're not advertising for these people You're not trying to get people All you're doing is uploading a design And sticking it there And you get paid when they buy And there's no cost for you to do that So if you want free ways of doing this You're going to give up a little bit of commission But you do have a free way of selling your products online Number two You can actually open a free print on demand store on eBay They're going to give you 50 free listings a month Which is pretty generous And then you can integrate They don't actually do print on demand on eBay I don't want you to think that But they do have a ability to let you list 50 free products a month So since you can do that You can actually integrate that with Printify And let's check that out real quick Okay, so I'm going to take you over to Printful Which is another print on demand company And show you how you can integrate it with eBay And actually sell your products on eBay Okay, so here I am at Printful right here And it says right here With over 180 million monthly visitors eBay is one of the few industry leaders With years of experience in e-commerce Printful's integration makes it easy to become a seller On one of the most popular marketplaces So all you got to do is go down here Connect your store And they tell you how it works There's a little video that plays But you connect your store You design everything on Printful And you can be up and selling On eBay in just no time whatsoever You create your Printful account You add and sync your products to your store And you set up your shipping It's really that simple Now some other things they tell you right down here You may want to read It's free to create an account on eBay They don't charge subscription fees But they do charge 10% on every single sale Made from the platform As well as a 35 cent listing fee Now eBay will give you 50 free listings So keep that in mind eBay does not support live shipping rates Flat rates only So you're going to have to know up front What these things are going to cost You're going to have to kind of guess at that You can only use fixed price listing format Is supported You can't do auctions And new users have a limit of 10 variants And a total of $500 in retail value Okay And then they show you here All the reasons for it It's easy to set up Get notice free Sell right from your phone Automatic fulfillment Reach millions And you can white label everything And then they got some examples down here So it's super, super easy to do Now the next place you can actually sell Is Etsy Etsy was originally known for Original artwork type items And handcrafted items But they've gotten to the print demand business also So you can actually integrate Your printful store with Etsy on there And if you notice Let's go over to Etsy real quick And check it out You're going to see that A lot of people are already doing that Okay Here I am over at Etsy right now And we can look at some of the shirts Well, let's type in a subject We'll put in there a chef Okay, everybody's into cooking nowadays They got all these cooking shows And all that good stuff And you can see They've got aprons They've got hats They've got all kinds of different things in there We'll put Chef Funny And let's see what people have come up with And all these people are doing guys Is they are actually integrating Their printful store with Etsy That's all they're doing on here And you can see a couple examples right here Sexy tennis man Sexy football man And you can see these look very similar Sold by the same person here You can check that out But the other cool thing on here Is when you go to list something And you're not sure what you want to do You can look at the number of sales Because they actually give the sales right here There's 1300 All this and I can cook So that's not a really hard thing to do You can grab a couple of fonts And do this and upload that To your printful store That's integrated with Etsy And you can sell from here Now, number four is to use your own Shopify store Instead of a third party So that you make more money And you don't get upsold to other people's products Understand if you're putting your products on Amazon merch Something like that Or you're putting your products on eBay You're not going to be able to upsell these people You're not going to be able to sell them More products at the checkout time If you build this out on Shopify Which you can also integrate with printful Then of course When they go to the checkout If you have an upsell And you're selling an apron And you want to sell them a jacket Or a hoodie Or whatever it is You can offer them your products And you're going to make those customers more profitable to you If you're putting them on something like Amazon Yeah, it's easier to do Which you're going to get a much lower profit And you don't have control over the customer You're not going to be building a mailing list None of that on something like Amazon But the ease of use is there So it's really dependent upon how much work You want to put into it And how much money you want to get back Now, if you use something like Shopify You're going to need your own domain name I highly recommend Bluehost I will put a link in the description below Where you can get a Bluehost account And actually if you buy your hosting from them You can actually get the domain for free If you use my link down there So that is our affiliate link But make sure you use that Because that will save you some money All right, so let's run over to Shopify right now And what I want to do is show you some of the plans Now, we started off this video With the free ways of doing it Now we're showing you a few ways That cost a little bit of money Not a lot of money, but a little bit of money So if you can afford that fine If not, start off with the free plans And then work your way up to these Understand the plans that you pay for You're going to end up making more money Because you're going to have more control You're going to do more with the customer So let's go over to Shopify Okay, here we are at Shopify right now And it's trying to grab my email There we go We're at Shopify right now And it says you can try Shopify free for 14 days No credit card required So you can actually get in here And kind of, you know, kick your way around Look around, see what's going on For the basic Shopify stores All you're going to need in the beginning It's $29 You're going to have two staff accounts in here And you're going to get the online store Unlimited products, $24.7 support And they really do have good support, guys Sales channels in here Manual order creation Discount codes Free SSL certificates Abandoned card recovery You get a lot The only thing you don't get Is the gift cards, professional reports Advance Builder And all this other stuff down here Now you're going to have shipping discounts Up to 64%, which is not bad guys On USPS, UPS, or DHL Express You can also print your shipping labels here You can't do the priority cubic pricing In the basic one, but that doesn't really matter Fraud analysis And then they have your credit card fees here Which really are the same across the board Doesn't matter what plan you have And then you're going to have an additional fee On all payment providers that Other than Shopify payments, okay But it drops down here They're very small fees And then you're going to have the Shopify Point of sale app The only thing you don't get is register shifts It looks like hardware peripherals You don't need any of this You just don't need it, okay You're going to have third party POS apps And then only one store location But for the 29 bucks That's exactly what you need to get started Now, number five How much does it cost To create these print-on-demand items Basically, it can cost you Free one up to whatever you want Now, I say free Because you can go to Canva You can use a free account in Canva They have all types of templates They have images They have fonts in there If you don't know how to use Canva Go on over to YouTube Watch some videos on YouTube Learn how to use Canva Once you've done that You can go back to Canva And you can create all these you want But keep in mind, keep it basic Don't try to do a bunch of fancy designs The best selling shirts Are usually with some simple words on there They're funnier that way You know, some of the images can actually distract If you want to do that on down the road You certainly can But, you know, words that are more targeted Towards a group Work better than anything else So, you know, really niche down on that And those people will notice those shirts They probably won't have access to them So that's something you could do Now, if you want another freeway You could use Photoshop And you're going to go, Wait, JR, Photoshop That's $10 a month I can't spend $10 a month That's way out of my budget Okay Well, if you don't want to pay the $10 a month Sign up for a free trial You can get a seven-day free trial And if you get the seven-day free trial Guess what? You could do a lot of work in seven days If you just sit down and get to it Number seven would be You could go over to Fiverr And you could actually hire a designer Let's go run over to Fiverr real quick And I'll show you what I'm talking about Okay, here I am at Fiverr right now And I'm going to put in T-shirt design What do we get? What do we get? There we go There's a bunch of T-shirt designers on here Lo and behold, there's a bunch of them And look at this This one here starts at $10, guys $10 So if you don't want to design it That looks pretty fancy I don't know if that's a $10 one But for $10 you get the source file Initial concept High resolution Double-sided marketing tools Enhanced detailing And you could use it for commercial use Now, they've got other packages here They've got a standard and then they got a premium I mean, the most expensive one they got is $30 So if you don't want to create your own You can certainly use something like Fiverr There's a lot of great designers there And that's just this one person There's thousands of people on there That will design these things for you So you've got a way to design your T-shirt You can't use that for an excuse Now, number eight How much money do you need for marketing?  I would never spend more than $5 a day to test things out $5 a day will do it But what you want to do is you don't want to test one item You want to test 10 items, okay Or 15 items at $5 a day Now you say, oh my gosh, you know, 10 items at $5 That's $50 It is $50 But if you're going to market You're going to have to spend some money You can go to one of these other sites And make a lesser amount Or you can spend some money And, you know, you can make a larger amount Either way, you're really paying for marketing You're either going to be paying Amazon and eBay Or you're going to be paying, you know, Facebook for ads But either way, you're paying Now, if you don't want to pay at all And you want to use these platforms You can certainly do so You could use Twitter You could use Facebook and create a group Or create a page You could use YouTube and create videos There are free ways of going about this too Without having to buy ads Instagram You could do that and post, you know, Information there about whatever your niche is And then every now and then post a t-shirt People can see that t-shirt once you've built your following So there are free ways of doing this too Okay, a couple things I want to tell you When people get started Maybe they run ads and maybe they do well And maybe they get a lot of sales But you've got to remember You're not getting your money immediately Okay, you're not getting your money immediately You know, something like PayPal Can take up to three weeks before you see your money So if you need money And you're running these ads And you can't afford to pay for your product It's going to shut you out of business, okay You've got to pay for these shirts Then you sell when you sell them, okay They're not going to let you pay them At the end of the month or anything like that Now, the flip side to that is If you've got a credit card If you do happen to have a credit card Generally, you're going to have about a 30-day lag Before you actually have to pay that bill So you could actually use your credit card To pay for your t-shirts and your ads And then once you get that money rolling in Then you could pay off the credit card And keep the difference But keep in mind there is that lag A lot of people get caught up And they go, oh my god, I'm running this ad And I just sold $1,000 for the shirts Or $20,000 for the shirts And then they realize they got to pay for all that stuff And they don't have the money to do it Because they spend it on the ads So make sure you've got some type of backup To pay for this product Because you may be using that one credit card You got just on your ads And if you use up all of the available credit on it You don't have anything to pay for the t-shirts So make sure you factor that in Now, of course, in the beginning I told you About the commission-based sites Like Teespring and Amazon Those particular sites are going to pay you A commission on the shirts you sell there So you don't actually have to pay for the shirt They're going to give you the leftover money So if you don't have a credit card And you don't have that extra money That's the best route to go Okay, guys, that's pretty much an overview Of how you can sell these t-shirts online I've given you a lot of ways to do it I want to hear your comments Please put your comments below Let me know what you thought of the video Give me a thumbs up, right? If you have questions about this Or maybe you've tried some of this And you've got some good results And you want to share that with the rest of us I would love to hear that Put that in the comments below Don't forget I have a free $97 Ecommerce course That is in the description below You can grab that All you got to do is click on the link down there You don't need a credit card or anything And you can click and learn Which is pretty awesome, okay? Now, don't forget, if you haven't done so What? Subscribe! Hit the subscribe button Don't forget, bell notifications Turn on all notifications Once you click the bell You'll need to set it that way That way you'll become part of the Fisher family You'll become a VIP And I can tell you every single time I do a video And I can notify you when I go live And you can actually join me on those live calls And we can talk back and forth I really appreciate you watching this video And I will see you in the next one One of those videos there Keep watching on my channel


Thank you everybody for attending the community information meeting for the West Long Avenue and Angle Avenue Intersection Improvement Project. City project number is 101-583 in Council District 2. My name is Brenna McKinnis. I am the project manager. Also Lassette Acevedo is the program manager and the design engineer is Bridge Farmer and associates with Brian Wright. As part of the agenda we discussed the city staff and the project engineer. We will also look at the project location, the project background, their proposed improvements and the schedule and notifications. Attached on the screen you will see the project location. It is at the intersection of Angle Avenue and West Long Avenue on the west side of Marine Creek Linear Park. Project background. This is an existing five-legged intersection on a skewed angle. We also have Kirkpatrick Middle School, Dolores-Awerda, Milton L. Kirkpatrick and Washington Heights Elementary School along West Long Avenue. The objective of the project is to improve safety by making the intersection more compact, reducing vehicle turning path links and improving pedestrian facilities. Some of the proposed improvements include pavement widening, left turn modifications, pavement markings, ADA ramps, traffic signal replacement, illumination, minor storm drain modifications and water and sanitary sewer adjustments. The city is also having a water and wastewater improvement project that will overlap with some of these limits. Attached you will see the proposed layout of the West Angle and Long Avenue intersection. As some of these improvements you will see the city is adding left turn lanes for all approaches to the intersection. These turn lanes will be moved towards the center medians, allowing a shorter turn path and making a more compact intersection. We will also be adding sidewalks as seen in yellow to improve pedestrian access to the intersection and across Angle Avenue. The project schedule, we are looking at having a pre-construction community meeting in the spring of 2022. We have an estimated construction start in the summer of 2022 and an estimated construction completion in the spring of 2023. The additional water relocation project is scheduled to begin prior to summer of 2022 and will overlap into our project. For project notifications prior to construction, we will have variable message boards, project signs and door hangers. As a reminder, the project schedule could be affected by any unforeseen events such as utility conflicts or weather. I would like to open it up to the floor for any questions. We did have an in-person meeting and we did have a resident in the area ask a question about the project. This gentleman had seen a new development that's happening at the southwest corner of the intersection and he asked what caused the need for this project and is it related to that new development that is happening at the southwest corner of the intersection? Thank you. This project need was not created by the new development on the southwest corner. The need of this project was identified by traffic management as a safety improvement project and was included in the 2018 bond program. We are currently finishing design and bringing the project to construction in the spring to summer of this year 2022. And with that, I would like to thank everybody for attending the pre-community meeting for the West Long and Engle Avenue project.


Welcome to All Hands Update, I'm Petty Officer Tony Rosa with your headlines from around the fleet. It's day four of the government shutdown. Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel said the Defense Department will still carry out its mission despite the government shutdown. Hagel issued a statement reaffirming the department's commitment to national security and plans to meet with Pentagon leaders to discuss manning levels. Although the shutdown affects missions around the world such as ship maintenance, equipment upgrades and deployment schedules, Hagel said the core missions will still be carried out. Secretary of the Navy Ray Mavis also addressed concerns about the government shutdown. Today, without an appropriations bill or a continuing resolution, we continue to endure a government shutdown. I know that many members of our civilian workforce will be forced to endure additional hardships on top of the furloughs earlier this year. For many of you working at the Washington Navy Yard, this also comes on the heels of the traumatic shooting there. During these difficult days, your unwavering sense of duty pays tribute to our shared legacy of honor, courage and commitment.  As family, I want you to rest assured that we will work closely to support you during this period. We will provide you with timely information as this process unfolds and will continue to stress to the decision makers the adverse impact that a government shutdown has on our country, on you and your families. The Office of Civilian Human Resources provides guidance, fact sheets, answers to frequently asked questions and information on the Department of the Navy website. We will continue to update the relevant information there throughout the furlough. I also encourage you to take advantage of the financial and other counseling services which are available through your civilian employee assistance program. As we work through the difficult days ahead, I want to thank you for your hard work, your dedication and your patience. Your teammates and uniform and I truly appreciate your service during these difficult times. I am extremely proud of the work that you do on behalf of our sailors, marines, your families and the rest of the nation. Over the last several months you have all proven that you are Semper Fortis and Semper Fidelis. Always courageous and always faithful. You can read more about these stories at Navy.mil. From all hands update, thanks for watching.