These are my MIFO 07 headphones that I've been using for the past couple of years. They're probably one of my favorite headphones and they're my daily drivers. I've been using this in the gym for so long now, super comfortable and it's probably one of the best purchases for true wireless earbuds that I've had in such a long time. As I'm using this in the gym, I've realized you know sometimes the music is so loud this doesn't have noise cancellation and I was just hoping I can get more out of my music. So I went ahead with an upgrade to these. These are the MIFO 05 Gen 2 headphones and a couple of reasons why I really wanted to try these out is because it has 150 hours of playtime and that includes the charging case as well, not just the earbuds. Each individual earbuds can give you a maximum of up to 10 hours of continuous playback which I think is absolutely great. One of the other reasons why I really wanted to try this upgrade is because it has CVC 8.0 intelligent noise reduction which has around 90% noise cancellation which is going to be really great when I'm using this in the gym. Let's go ahead and unbox this, see how it looks, see how it sounds and let's get straight into it. You can see immediately how nice that looks. It has this nice silver charging case in there. Before I go ahead and open up the earbuds, let's just take a look at some of the accessories in here. So you have yourself the user manual, four pairs of ear tips of different sizes, then you also have a USB-C to USB-A adapter. Now you're probably wondering why is this in the box. Now one of the other unique features which I didn't realize about this is that this charging case, although it's much bigger than my MIFO 07 headphones, you can actually use this as a reverse power charger i.e a power bank. So I can connect my phone to the USB-A cable directly into my phone and then use the power from this charging case to charge up my phone which I think is absolutely great. Now let's take a closer look at the headphones in true MIFO fashion. These are very lightweight, very slim. I really like the design of these, you can see that they have these nice red and blue colors to indicate the right and the left earpieces. They snap in quite easily with the magnetic pairing and they're pretty solid, they don't really fall off out of the case itself. So the case is actually quite heavy duty, it's metallic, it's not plastic and you can see that green LED light in there to indicate that the earbuds are charging. Now let's dive a little bit deeper into the earbuds themselves. Let me first quickly try charging my phone using this charging case. So I put the adapter in there, put my USB cable and as you can see currently it mentions it's on 72%. Let's put this in, there you go, it's now charging which is so convenient to have and you know it's probably the lightest and most compact power bank that I have had and this has so much power in it you know if it's got enough to charge 150 hours of the headphones then you'll have enough to fill up the entire battery on your phone. Now these are super easy to connect to, they've got bluetooth 5.2, you literally just put them into your ears for the first time, go into settings into your bluetooth and then they will show up as MIFO 052 or 052d. So I was connected straight away and they're super comfortable just as my MIFO 07 headphones are and as you can see they're pretty compact as well so one thing I really like about the MIFO headphones is I can use this for five, six hours straight whether I'm using it for work, working from home on my desk on my computer or I'm in the gym or I'm out and about I just know that my ears are not going to start hurting after a long time. Now they are IP67 waterproof which is great so if you're out in the rain for whatever reason and they get wet it should still work absolutely fine and if you're in the gym maybe sweating it will be able to withstand all of that moisture that goes onto the headphones. So now I'm going to just connect it to my Spotify and let's play back some music and I'm really going to test out the noise cancellation as well to see how well that 90% works and one of the tests I really like to do is to see if I can continue hearing myself speak. So let me go ahead and play one of these songs. Now I have to say that does sound really good and just one thing to note as well there's no separation between turning the noise cancellation on and off so it's always on but even when I'm speaking and the music is playing it's a little bit hard to hear myself speak which is great because that's what I was looking for. In terms of the quality of the audio is exactly how I expect from MIFO headphones you know the bass is punchy the audio is super clear and I've got this set to around 80 volume and it is very loud so you know what more can you ask for from a set of headphones like this. Now in terms of like the controls for the earbuds themselves you know one thing I really like is that it powers itself on automatically when you take it out of the charging case and it turns itself off as soon as you put it back in. There's also lots of different controls to play pause your music skip to the next track take a look at the screenshot here's a list of all of the other different controls that you can use by just tapping on each of the earbuds so go ahead and pause the video if you wanted to look in more detail of the touch operations. So for me I'm super happy everything from the design the fact that I can reverse charge my phone and use this as a power bank the audio quality everything that you get with this I think is just a really great purchase to have check it out in amazon I've got a link down below but even better I've got a 10 code for you guys to get a discount on these as well so check that out as well so it's just under 110 pounds which I think is a very good value for this premium quality set of headphones and to be honest there's so many headphones out there online I've reviewed so many myself Mifo is the one that I use all the time and they're the ones that I'm going to stick with for a very long time and it's for this specific reason you know the fact that they've gone that bit further to give you a power bank in the charging case to charge your phone good quality design headphones the comfortability is always on the top of my list this doesn't really have much noise leak as well so if you have someone that's next to you in a quiet room they're not going to be hearing too much of what you're listening to as well which I think is great so if there's anything else you guys want to know specifically about these headphones as always drop a comment down below if you did like this review make sure you give this video a huge thumbs up and if you like all things tech especially like headphone reviews make sure to subscribe I've got plenty more coming out in the near future and I will catch you guys next time take care


Should we create irresistible offers? Reminds me of the Godfather who said, I'm gonna make him an offer you can't refuse. So that's something we want to do in our business, in our marketing. Make them an offer that they can't refuse. Well, if you study from the mainstream marketing experts and copywriters, they say, well, of course, you want to make your offer so compelling, compelling, that they don't have any willpower other than to go ahead and buy your product or your service. Wouldn't that be a good thing? Don't you want more clients? Why wouldn't you do everything you can to make it the best chance for you to get more clients? Why not? What's wrong with that? Well, I have been in this marketing world for 13 years full time as a marketing consultant. And I'll tell you, I have obviously done all of what I'm going to about to share with you. And in fact, maybe the best way for me to share this with you is to share a couple of actual phrases that are being used. Or rather, I'm going to share what other marketing experts are trying to sell to you.  And you don't need to go looking for who wrote this stuff because the reality, the sad reality is that it's being done widely in my industry. So let me know if any of these are things you've seen before. Don't name any names. We don't need to demonize any particular expert or business. But do let me know if you've seen something like this and what is your response to it. So let me go ahead and share my screen right now. So these lines actually came from a sales page from some colleagues that I respect and admire, except that just like many people who have good hearts, they've been trained to do things that they might not have reflected upon deeply enough to realize, ah, this is being manipulative. So their sales page is trying to sell you on a program to help with your marketing. And they wrote, you'll learn secrets for sharing what you do that produce instant trust and desire in your ideal clients. You'll learn how to share your story so that people lean in and get an intuitive hit that they need to work with you. You'll learn how to create your unique, aligned and irresistible marketing statement, you know, making an irresistible offer. So let me break this down a bit so that you can become more conscious of what's happening here. So first of all, they said you'll learn secrets for, you know, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. Now, when someone says you're going to learn secrets, it means that if you don't learn these secrets, you're going to be on the outside. Whereas the people who know the secrets have some kind of insider advantage. And wouldn't you want the insider advantage? Now that sounds really reasonable to say that. But notice that, well, I try never to use the word secrets in my sales copy. If I do use the word secrets, it's usually I'm writing a blog post and I say, here's the secret I've learned, and I tell it to you right away. But not like, here's a secret and you got to pay me for the secret. Because I don't want people to feel like, okay, I'm an outsider, and I have to pay this person to have some kind of access to information that gives gives me an advantage over others. And, you know, if I don't get this information, I'm missing out. And I am, you know, going to be, you know, I'm always going to be worried that I'm missing out on the I didn't buy that secret or whatever. And you might say, well, George, that's every product, every service, every book, every, every course does this. And I, and I say, that's true. And this is what I'm trying to do less of. Because the reality is this, if you are patient enough to research the web, there is no secret. Truthfully, you know, you could say when you're selling something, you could say, listen, I'm going to save you a lot of time by putting together what I've spent lots of time researching. But a secret, hidden knowledge, these are manipulative tactics that, well, if you check in deeply with your, with your heart, you may or may not agree. But let me let me move on. Okay. You're still learning secrets for sharing what you do that produce instant trust and desire in your ideal clients. Do you like to produce instant trust and desire in others so that they'll, you know, I don't know, salivate and buy whatever it is that you're selling. Instant trust and desire is the language of a manipulator, right? Because what is, what is trust? First of all, should you, can you produce instant trust in someone on command by demand? You know, and, and here's the thing. I think trust obviously is incredibly important for a healthy relationship. And trust is important for client provider connection so that there can be deep work that can be done. Because without trust and there can't be the client isn't going to really listen to you or take your take on your advice or your transformational experience, etc. So trust is important, but shouldn't trust be earned over time by repeated trustworthy interactions? I mean, if someone off the street came to you and had some technique to produce instant trust, would you trust that person? If you knew that they were trying to use a technique to produce instant trust in you? Now, there's a difference with, oh, I've heard of this person and people that I know that I trust speak really well of that person. And then now this is the first time I'm interacting with that person. I've already heard about them. There's already a baseline of potential trust. And now, okay, trust is built because it's confirming what I've heard from people I've already trusted. That's different. But what typical marketing, conventional marketing sales is trying to teach you is to produce instant trust in an online visitor or, you know, yeah, typically it's an online type of thing. To produce instant trust in someone, whether or not they've ever heard of you before. And I think that's dangerous because, well, it's the techniques of sociopaths, psychopaths, narcissists, perhaps. Instant trust and desire from your ideal clients. It's like the Pavlov dogs, right?  And that's what sort of conventional markers are trying to teach you to learn how to, you know, move people around like their puppets. Puppetry, right? Well, this is what dictators do, right? This is what manipulators do. This is what shady people do. So that's, as you can obviously check in with your heart and realize, probably not the kind of a person I want to be and not the kind of relationship I want. I mean, because if I could consciously say, I don't, you know, you don't know me, but I'm going to instantly produce trust in you and that worked, I actually am a little afraid of what that relationship could become because if that person is going to listen to everything I say and do everything I say without having built a baseline which takes time of trust, then it might be too manipulative of a relationship to be healthy. You see what I mean? Okay. So let me, let me keep going. So the conventional marker also, marketer also wants to teach you to share your story so that your ideal clients lean in and get an intuitive hit. They need to work with you. So intuitive hit, intuitive hit, intuition. Intuitive hit sounds to me like it comes from like a higher spiritual source, intuitive hit, right? Like, oh, I got an intuitive hit that I shouldn't get on that plane and then, you know, the plane has an accident or you know, or I got an intuitive hit that I should call someone and you call someone and they really need help right now and you were able to provide a service of compassion that, you know, really benefits their life. Look at those intuitive hits, right? Or you're creating something and you get an intuitive hit that you should go in this direction versus that direction. I believe in intuitive hits and I believe that if you want to say they come from a higher source or they come from your life, I'm an experience and that comes, that arises out of you. But to have a marketer or a business person or a service provider purposely write something or do something that is meant to produce an intuitive hit in somebody, to me, that's manipulation right there because they're, it's like, it's like corrupting spirituality. It's this idea of intuitive anyway. So as you could see, I have complaints about that. And finally, let's talk about creating irresistible offers because that's what, you know, these conventional marketers are teaching you to do. I don't want, like I said, to be your puppet master. You know, if I say buy this, you better buy it. That is what the, that's a fantasy of the conventional marketer is to be able to do that and therefore make as much money as they want on demand. Just I sell something and then I, the way that I like to approach that, I'll tell you this, I mean, because yes, I do, I do teach you as you probably know as you watch my videos, I do teach you to build a true fan audience who then buy just about everything you sell. So George, what's the difference then? Here's the difference. How I teach you to build a true fan audience is not to have such scintillating, compelling copy, writing, or video that a stranger who doesn't know you go, oh my God, I got to buy this thing, because it's so amazing.  It's gonna do everything for me. No. I teach you to build a fan base that buys just about everything you sell with a relationship, a long-term connection where you have shown yourself to be trustworthy again and again and again and again and again reliably over time. Guess what happens when you do that? One is that you actually change yourself. I mean, my, I'll tell you what my secret is, okay? The secret of what I'm trying to do, if I have a hidden agenda, it's this.   The secret to success really in my book is self-discipline, but not the kind of self-discipline where we judge and blame and criticize ourselves, but rather the kind of self-discipline that arises out of love for ourselves and gentleness with our path, and the self-discipline is something that happens over quite a long period of time. It's not that today you're not disciplined tomorrow, you're suddenly disciplined and you're posting every day. There's stamina, there's such a thing as stamina that if you do that you'll get burned out within a few weeks, but if you build yourself up gradually, you'll build up the stamina to say I can post every day, I can create every day and still have plenty of energy left to do everything else that I want to do in my life and I'm so organized and I'm so good at keeping boundaries with other people and with myself, my own desires and I'm so good at keeping boundaries, healthy boundaries with others and with myself that I'm able to create on demand to not fear creating, to not fear rejection, to not fear judgment either from others or from myself. I no longer fear that kind of judgment. That's my hidden motive. I'm secretly trying to help you become that kind of person, but I'm just using marketing as a way of getting there because in marketing, as you learn from the way I do marketing, it's about becoming a consistent authentic creator of content and of offerings and so that you show up to your audience week after week, month after month, consistently without fail unless you're taking a conscious sabbatical and you tell your audience that, which I do as well. I take 12 weeks of sabbatical a year, meaning I don't do content for 12 weeks, about 12 weeks of the year and I tell my audience whenever I do that. So that's my hidden agenda. That's my secret motive, ulterior motive as I'm doing all the stuff for you.  Yeah, it can't help, but trust us because we've shown ourselves to be trustworthy over time and because we care consistently for our audience, we learn enough about what they want and need to shape our offerings in a way that really meets their wants and needs and so when we do our marketing, we don't have to be irresistible. We don't have to be clever with our copy and to be persuasive with our messages. No, because we build an audience of true fans, what we do is simply whisper. There's no manipulation. There's no trying to drive home the pain point and trying to make things like, oh my god, if I don't buy this thing, I'm going to have a harder life or I'm not going to, I'm going to miss out on this amazing secret that I have to pay for. No, people will want to buy from you. Your true fans want to buy from you for two reasons.  It sounds like it and you're explaining it very simply and very plainly. I mean, look at my sales pages. They're not, they don't have to kind of copy that you typically see in conventional marketer sales pages and yet I sell plenty of courses. And I don't, anyway, so I was going to say two reasons why they buy from you. One is because of long-term trust. Okay, three reasons. Sorry, long-term trust. Number two is that you have cared enough about them to shape your offering so that it aligns with their wants and needs. And number three, they buy from you because they want to be within your community of true fans. I'm assuming that your offering creates some kind of a community. Even if you're doing one-to-one services, one-to-one clients, I hope that at some point you'll think about creating some connection between your clients who want to. I mean, it's always optional, but for your clients who want to connect with each other so that they can learn from each other, encourage each other, that's the third reason why your true fans will buy from you is to be in community with others like them and who are also on this path of growth together. So we don't need irresistible offers because the idea of an irresistible offer that you consciously create is, like I said, very manipulative. Now, we can, as a child, reach the kingdom of heaven as a child, that famous line. And here in marketing, it's like, I want us to become childlike as well, not childish, but childlike. Now, let's talk about this a bit because children are very persuasive. The children we love are very persuasive to us. I mean, it's like everything they do is cute and adorable to us, and we want to do everything for the children we love. And so they're very persuasive, but hopefully they're not persuading in a manipulative way. That's not childlike anymore. That becomes a manipulative adult. I hope not all adults have to be like that. I'm asking us to consider becoming childlike again, where we are persuasive, but not because we're trying to be, but because we are genuinely expressing our joy and our care and our love and our connection with the person that we're playing with. Like I said, childlike. We're playing with the others in our sphere as soul to soul. Childlike soul, childlike soul, let's say. And we're not trying to manipulate, but we're extremely persuasive because we're coming out of an authentic love, an authentic expression of spirit, if you might call it, or a genuine self, you might say. So I hope that this is helpful as a way to understand how we cannot have to use the pain point and the manipulative type of marketing and still have plenty of clients. It doesn't matter what you sell. It doesn't matter if you sell a totally soft skill, nothing technical at all. If you show up consistently to create authentic value, which is again, my secret agenda, like I said, is to really grow yourself.    When you become authentically consistently creative, your audience can help but trust you because you've earned that trust. You become irresistible to your true fans, not because you try to be, but because of who you naturally are. So that's truly what irresistible marketing can be, in my opinion, should be. So if you want to take this path of authentic business, authentic marketing. So I hope this is inspiring. And as always, I'm open to your comments, your questions below. And thank you always for joining me.


I'm going to be talking about our past presence and future research on expected consensus. Let me quickly say that this work that I'm about to present was done jointly with our amazing intern, Shuei Xiaowang, who unfortunately is not here today, as well as Guy that you already know and Marco and ready lots of inputs from the rest of the team. Okay let me take like one step back and just think about like Filecoin. So Filecoin is like storage-based consensus protocol. So we can think of it as like in different layers, top layer. This is really like the Sibyl resistance mechanism. So in Filecoin like this is based on storage. So basically how we solve like Sibyl attacks is by asking participants to commit some storage to the chain. This is done using some really cool cryptography that my colleagues at CryptoNetLab are designing but we will not be talking about this today because this is consensus lab not CryptoNetLab but we are going to treat this as a black box and just assume that we have this Sibyl resistance mechanism that is based on storage. So basically what we get out of this layer is a list of weighted participants and then this list of weighted participants are going to rent expected consensus which is one consensus protocol. So you can think of this as like the output of this of like this consensus protocol that is run by this weighted list of participants is a list of order transactions. So today I'm going to be talking about three like the expected consensus part. So this consensus protocol so again you could like any set of like weighted participants could run this so I'm going to ignore storage but just know that in Filecoin participants are weighted according to their storage. Just to give you like a full picture today we talked about a lot about like subnets and IPC so basically like subnets there will be kind of like a different layer as expected consensus. So expected consensus you can see it as the consensus protocol that is run on the main chain. So if you remember all the slides where we saw you know all the different layers of consensus like expected consensus is the root chain. So now let me explain quickly how expected consensus work. So as I said we have a weighted list of participants we call this the power table and in Filecoin this set of participants is weighted according to storage. Now like in many consensus protocol Marco mentioned in his talk like earlier today that our consensus protocol if you ignore storage it's like very very similar to proof of stake consensus protocol. So there is a leader election mechanism. In order to have a leader election mechanism if you want this this mechanism to be random then you need to have a random beacon which is great because we have gerunds which is a decentralized random beacon. I'm not going to not going to touch this during this talk but just imagine that we have access to a perfect random beacon. This random beacon is fed to a VRF function a verifiable function. So basically each participant are going to compute their own VRF, put the random beacon as an input to the VRF, get a random value and then this is going to tell them where they are elected or not. So if you are familiar with proof of stake consensus protocol this is like very similar to leader election in proof of stake consensus protocol. So one difference between expected consensus and other type of consensus for example longest chain consensus protocols is that in expected consensus which by the way we abbreviate as EC they are on expectation five leaders that are elected in each round so they could be more they could be less but on expectation that five so that's different from most other protocols where there's only one leader elected each round. And so same like differently from longest chain consensus protocol in EC we consider tip sets. So tip sets they are a set of blocks that all have the same height so they were all created in the same round and they also have the same parents. So this is basically how tip sets work so if you think about ABC like this is one tip set one group of block, same height, same group of parents, same for DNE this is another subset a tip set excuse me and same for FGH. So you can see that instead of having like one block per epoch we have one tip set per epoch. So really you can think of expected consensus as a mixed between longest chain protocols if you are familiar with us and DAG based consensus. And then in the unfortunate case of FORX we use heaviest chain rule so to simplify things a bit we will choose like any chain any tip sets that has the most block in a sub die. So this is like a very high level introduction to expected consensus but really like if again if you are familiar with longest chain protocols which I'm sure everyone is like this is like just a variant of longest chain protocol where we have more than one block at each round but each blocks have to have the same parents. Okay so that being said let me quickly talk about the pros and cons of expected consensus. So we have five miners that are elected on average which is nice because it means that miners are elected more often than if there was only one miner that is elected on average. So this is nice to give like less variance in the leader election mechanism. We know that in proof of work actually having a high variance is something that is quite undesirable and especially it leads to centralization. So actually having less variance is nice yay. Also something that is nice is that private attacks are harder. So private attack is the most simple type of attack you can think of it as an adversary that will basically decide to like fork create an alternative chain that it will keep private so basically the adversary will work on its own chain at the bottom while the rest of the network will work on their own chain as well. So basically we have two chains that grow in parallel and you see that if you have more leaders that are elected in each round then basically the chain that the fork that has the more power will grow bigger than the chain that has less power and this will be the difference between the two chains will grow faster in the case of tip sets. So if you consider that one block is one tip set then the difference between the two chains will grow faster. So this is one one advantage of expected consensus but sadly we also have some inconvenience. So one of them is balance attacks. They were introduced in the context of block dag. I'm going to talk about this a bit more later. We also have like long finality so it means we need to have probabilistic finality. We need to wait a lot for a block to be finalized for transaction to be finalized again this is the same as bitcoin. We need to wait any longer chain protocols. Protocol has this problem and also we have some variants of long range attacks which I'm going to give more detail about now. I'm going to be talking about proof of stake system for ease of exposition but think of whatever I'm saying for proof of stake there is like a variant that exists in the context of proof of storage. So in a proof of stake system in order to create a block you just need like signatures from the miners which we also call the validators. So we can think of it as we need like a quorum let's say two-thirds of the signature of the validators in order to create a block. So now if you look at my slide imagine that we start with like the green validator we have like one key that basically represents the quorum of validators and let's imagine that after some time these green validators they decide to leave the system this happens people leave people join so then we have the blue validators and next we have the orange validators this is like a you know usual life cycle of a proof of stake system. So now what could happen is that these green validators they have left the system they have sold their stake they are not interested in the system anymore so they could like the adversary could like bribe them to and just buy their key at no cost because these keys have no values they have zero value at the present time and this is extremely problematic because as I said we are in the context of proof of stake so having access to these keys means that you can just create a block like instantaneously so the adversary gets the green key green key who are the keys from the past validators then with these keys the adversary is able to just rewrite an entire alternative chain maybe the adversary will simulate some you know change in the set of validators say like now there is like the red validators or like orange and pick one and the issue with this is that if we have some users Alice that has been asleep that wakes up and that see these two chains she has no way of knowing which chain is the correct one and which chain is the adversarial chain because both chains are actually valid both chains have like valid signatures so only the set of validators differ in these two chains but Alice cannot tell which one is which one so in order to solve this problem we propose a solution that consists in check pointing the stake of the proof of stake chain on to bitcoin so we have a paper like a protocol called Pikachu so I'm going to give a very high level description of this I'm going to later give a link to the paper so you can have a look if you want more detail but imagine that each CI here is configuration I so set of validator I so what will happen is like whenever there is like a new set of validators that join we will have a checkpoint on the bitcoin chain from the key pkm-1 of the previous validator that going to transfer all of whatever amounts they have in their associated with their public key to the new public key pki and here you can think like pki represents the sets of validator I and then when we have the configuration CI plus one we're going to have another transaction that is going to be from the key associated with CI to CI plus one and the way to think about it is that this transaction and this key pki-1 they represent threshold signature so in order for one of this transaction to be valid we need to have also a quorum of signature so all of the all of the validators all of the configuration need to agree to send this transaction to bitcoin and the idea is that then anyone can go on the bitcoin chain start from the initial public key pki-0 associated with the first set of validators follow the chain of transaction up to pki and then basically pki will give them like information about the current configuration CI so here is like the high level summary of the protocol we see that periodically we have new checkpoints that are pushed onto bitcoin for this we need a distributed key generation we need the configuration to create their key the key that represents like their set and we use schnor's threshold signature which is really cool because bitcoin recently had this upgrade that allows for schnor's signature so basically we can have threshold signature that just look like a normal transaction on bitcoin so this is great we also add a cid using the operator functionality of bitcoin so any participant can use this cid for example with ipfs in order to retrieve information relative to the current configuration so yeah this is a very high level description of our checkpointing mechanism i'm not going to go into more details but please if you are interested check the paper it is on archive on archive i'm also going to present it at consensus day in two weeks time um so great so this piece of research that we did with marco uh basically deal with uh longer attacks so one problem solved cool now what about the next problem balance attack so i said i was um going to explain very quickly what they were so again they were like discovered uh studied in the context of like dag chains so in the context where there is more than one block that is created in each round like we have in ec and the idea is like it's different from private attacks if you remember private attacks i told you that the adversary was creating an odd in its own chain privately in this case the adversary is actually sending blocks to the miners the the honest miners but he's doing so in a way to try and make and make them mine on different chains so basically the adversary is trying to confuse the honest miners um on mining on different chains such that they do not reach consensus so just two chains grow at the same time um and one way like the adversary could do that is by equivocation so if you look at this slide you see that the red blocks there are the blocks from the adversary you see that we have b1 and b2 and the idea is like the adversary was elected leader and in order to confuse the honest miner it equivocated so it created two blocks b1 b2 where um it shouldn't be like the adversary should only be able to create one block so that's balance attack very high level so one um one suggestion that's uh we are proposing that was led by guy um is to implement a consistent broadcast protocol and having a consistent broadcast protocol allows to prevent equivocation so basically what i've just talked about uh this scenario where an adversary create two blocks b1 b2 even though the adversary was elected only once um consistent broadcast prevents this so this is the current structure of one round in um in fight going so basically how it works um this is the beginning of the round which we call an epoch ill fight going and then after some time there will be like a cutoff and basically this cutoff will tell the honest validators um that's it um i stop accepting block for for this round i'm gonna you know build build my own block and broadcast it so what can what what happens with this like cutoff thing is like any block that is received before is uh accepted and any block that is received after the cutoff is rejected so if for example one node one node received like two equivocating block from an adversary is gonna accept one but maybe like reject the other one so how we um want to solve this is by having this um this consistent uh broadcast and basically we're gonna add a second cutoff so what this means is like before the first cutoff we're gonna tentatively accept block and uh then after this period after the first cutoff we're gonna be like stop we don't accept block but we keep like receiving them just to check if we receive any equivocation and because we are in a synchronous setting if there was some equivocation then you should like receive them before before cutoff too um so basically this is just giving you an extra an extra time period in order to check wait has there been any equivocation and uh if there has been then you will decide to not accept this block so this is uh this is an ongoing uh FIP that we are proposing so yeah we believe that this FIP uh I mean this proposal um really like mitigates balance attacks and all variants of balance attack so this is great now you can see on my slide we only have one like some down left um which is long finality so again I'm sure all of you know that's um this is the case with every blockchain like bitcoin any longest chain blockchain like we have to wait a long time for block to be finalized this is annoying so um so now what's what are we doing about this we are actually presenting a new protocol called starfish so I'm just gonna give you like the intuition behind this protocol so we want to stay as close as possible as easy because we don't want to have like a big sudden change in the in the protocol so what we want to do is like as before in one epoch there are you know multiple validators that are elected but unlike easy with starfish the validators that are elected they are not going to create a block they are just going to create a vote so they are just going to vote for a previous block and now we're going to have only um one person that is elected to create a block but they can create a block only if there can include in their block like enough votes for the same block so for example if you see my slide here we had like five blocks for like this block so basically anyone that is elected a proposer in the next round can just include all these five block and create a block and so the idea is like we have one block with five votes instead of having like five block then like numbers are just parameters that we are going to tweak so briefly why we do why we think like we should do this is that it's because it makes forks harder um again imagine we are in this scenario we have a fork like you know this can happen can be adversarial or or non-malicious and then we're going to have like multiple you know look the votes are going to be spread on the two blocks then like usually what we'll have in EC is like yeah you know we'll have a fork here however now with starfish because we have votes that are spread on two fork anyone that is elected leader in this epoch will not be able to create a block because in order to create a block you need to have like five votes for the same block so what's going to happen is that we need to wait for more votes you know in the next epoch to arrive and only in the next epoch will someone gather enough votes for one block and then be able to create a block so basically we give extra time for convergence and avoid fork um so this uh this idea like starfish was was um like inspired by a lot of similar work that has been done for example bobtail maybe is the closest one um bobtail was in the proof of work case there's also free chain that is kind of related and also in the proof of stake system there's a lot of a voting mechanism so so yeah there is quite quite some related work on this so this is great as i've said um it seems like uh having forks is harder with starfish than it is with expected consensus um so well i said that i will also present you know some future research and actually this is kind of some future research for us because we are currently looking at how to formally prove the security of starfish and um we we don't know yet how to do it we are actively researching this but um but for now our simulation really indicate that this is uh this has really this gives really good results really good finality so we are hoping to to have a formal proof soon so that's it for me thank you and let me know if you have questions can you talk about the scale so what is the number of nodes that you need to support in the protocol and what is the frequency with which you have to generate new blocks so uh at the moment in falcon we have over four thousand nodes and we create new block every 30 seconds and let me maybe just add something i've talked about like the protocol pikachu that is doing this checkpointing mechanism um this is also one open problem that we have is like at the moment our pikachu protocol does not really scale to like this four thousand work uh nodes sorry so uh so when it comes to the checkpointing to become this to bitcoin this is actually an open problem to make it scale to those four thousands nodes thank you in terms of the future what kind of scale do you envision that you will need to support um so i think foreign yeah so so so in terms of figure so we have this pikachu that we want to scale and i think like starfish um yeah like having having a formal proof of the security this is really our main our main goal for now because we really think that it improves a lot but we don't want to the question was like what kind of scale in the future would you like to support oh yes well you know ten thousand of hundreds of thousands of nodes sorry i missed your question um yeah yeah we really wanted to to to to scale to like tens of tens or hundreds of thousands of nodes and also this is like why we have um IPC um to help us uh scale and and actually also starfish i think this type of starfish or expected consensus this type of like longer chain where you don't really have like that much voting uh this scale much better than for example bft um so yes so we expect to scale too too many thank you thank you


The awards are regarded as the pinnacle of achievement in historic preservation. Winning projects demonstrate the immediate and long-term benefits of historic preservation by engaging any number of preservation tools in the furtherance of strong, just, and sustainable communities. Crosstown's a marvelous example of what can be achieved when we dream big, when we approach challenges as if there is nothing to lose and everything to gain. This story is about people and community. It's a story of hope and healing and of reuse and rebirth. This type of restoration really has been a bridge where micro-communities previously at odds with each other have now come together. Not that many projects received these awards and we're very, very proud and honored and we want to share that pride with all of our community.


So this is it. We're just like off-brand Bo Burnham now. I'm into it. Good morning Hank. It's Tuesday.  You want to know something weird? The Fault in Our Stars came out 11 years ago today.  Sometimes when I'm really stressed out I'll think like, you know what though? Like you're not a computer. No wonder you're anxious.  But right about The Fault in Our Stars It makes me really happy to know that people are still finding that book and reading it as a story instead of as like part of some larger cultural phenomenon that includes Saturday Night Live skits and everything It's just so lovely that it is still in print and still finding people It's been around almost as long as the Doritos Locos Taco. Hey, so this is a literary device called foreshadowing Lately I've been thinking about the fact that throughout history most people had absolutely no idea What was going on inside of the body like there was this doctor and a few hundred years ago He published a paper that was like what happens when a human being swallows a pin We don't know. It might come out of the tummy. It might come out of the leg. It might come out in the pee It's a magic and that makes me wonder like what do we not know that would be very obvious if only we had a way to know it Hi everybody, thanks for coming to my show tonight.  We're not living on earth or on the continent of North America We are living in these things. I demand an end to the tyranny of on this sometimes I read this stuff on the subreddit I'm 14 and this is deep and I think Actually, this is kind of deep and y'all are just jaded. This is the chair where I write all day I'm used to looking from it not at it, but it's it's a good little chair, and it's got my favorite painting Right there, and I can just look at it, and I'm carried away Lately I've been making these strange little wobbly closed forms. Hold on. Let's cut to the pottery lab I'm very much a beginner at pottery But basically I just take a lump clay center it as best I can and then make a closed form That is hollow on the inside like when they're drying they look like this and then after they're glazed and fired They look like this the idea is that these are secret keepers like you whisper things that are difficult or worrisome or traumatic Or whatever into the little holes in the bottom And then the worry or trauma lives inside of the closed form and not inside of your head does it work No, probably not But I like it conceptually and then when I'm all done making the secret keeper and I've whispered the secret into it I kind of like holding the pottery in my hand and looking at it and thinking oh Wow, I survived you Hank thanks for keeping it fresh for 16 years and counting. I'll see you on Friday


The ranch cheese and turkey leg. Linda loves the smoked turkey leg. Yo, what's going on everybody? Welcome to a very, very, very special episode of Fungro's Food. We are with our friend Linda Dee and we are gonna be checking out Six Flags Fright Fest. And I heard that the food is also spooky themed. I'm scared to eat, but also I'm excited to eat. So today we're gonna be eating the best food that Six Flags Fright Fest has to offer. Let's go! And thank you so much to Six Flags Fright Fest for sponsoring this video. Woo! You guys have already scared, like pretty much. I've seen that in my nightmares. Yo, I'm already scared. They got some rock music going on to kind of go with the theme of Fright Fest, Fright Fest, you are going to be scared. Music is also for my nightmares too, so I'm sorry. All right guys, the first spot we hit up was Loaded Dogs and here you can get all different types of hot dogs. Here I have what is called, and what is a new addition, the Diablo Dog. In Spanish means the devil. It has like shredded jalapenos. It's got bacon, it's got a sriracha sauce, it's got mayo. I became evil for a second. Yo, that Diablo Dog, that's pretty spicy. I'm climbing into an abalone. I've worked very long and hard in the last three years. Thanks Diablo. I just went with the conventional corn dog. You can tell it was hand dipped because guess what, the batter is very irregular. The LA dog, we got some jalapenos, mustard, mayo, bacon, sprinkles. Does anybody want to see my ketchup pack skills? David, you've been working on those. Cheers! Yo, David, that's a fluffy corn dog. I've never had jalapenos and hot dogs together, but I like that spiciness, I like that kick.  What I love about corn dogs is it kind of feels like a pancake wrapped around a hot dog. Before we move on to our next spot, I gotta talk about these waffle fries. They have seasoned salt on them. Do you see it? You see that? And there are six too. All right guys, that was it for Loaded Dogs on to the next spot. Linda, when you saw that there was sushi and six flags, you immediately said, I gotta try that. Yeah, it's really interesting to see sushi at an amusement park. Let's see if it's a park. All right, cheers guys. Cheers. Oh, pretty good. That spicy tuna roll was good. All right, what's good?  That sushi is blowing you guys away. Oh, look at Jesus. All right, got her. Right now we have the spookies and cream. Let's see how spooked I get when I try this. I'm spooked! And then this is actually banana split. It tastes like banana split? Oh, god. Ooh, we got a rainbow one. Go for it. This is so good. I felt like I had a trip to Willy Wonka there. But let's keep a move. At Fright Fest, they have a thing called the surge coming. All the ghouls and goblins and werewolves are gonna rush out into the park. That's happening? That's happening. It's happening at 7 PM. This is not necessarily for kids under 12 years old, all right? You gotta be like a teenager to handle this. And this is happening actually at all 13 six flags across the nation. There's 13 places where they're scaring people. And it's on weekends in September and October, but there's also select week games that they're having at Fright Fest. So we have the three point challenge, guys. You guys know what we love, basketball. The cameras, but let's get those shots right here. For one, it is good. It is good. For three, four, it's good. Right at the buzzword box in the media prizes. Push it real good, Bob. Five, five, five, five, five, five, five, five, five. Game is a go. So far so good. Muscle memory for two. That's all right. We got that money ball for four is J. We got it, David. You can do it. David can beat the record. For five, come on. There it is. Good job. Fright Fest. Linda hit one. I hit four. David got five twice. The roller coaster of emotions. It's a lot. No pun intended. Let's go. All right, we're here at Katie's Kettle at six flags and we got some more food here. I got all big, oh, sweaty, big turkey leg. Wow. Man, Thanksgiving came early because this is delicious. I like how the oven baked it. So it's crispy on the outside and super tender on the inside. It's super soft. They ain't playing at Katie's Kettle. This is a gourmet chicken ranch baked potato. Nice, chocolatey grilled chicken with cheese and ranch. And if you just had a little bit of scallions and a little bit of chives added on top. Oh, oh, oh. The ranch cheese and turkey leg. Linda loves the smoked turkey leg. Oh, potato on potato. I'm calling that a potato smash, you know what I mean? I have graveyard pudding, aka the dirt cup. Give it a go, dirt. Yeah. Would it be a Fung Bros. video if we did not find the Asian spot? Chopsticks, not chopsticks. Chopsticks. So here we have the limited edition scaraccia chicken. That's a funny name. Spicy, got a little of that chili flavor. The crust is very fluffy and crispy. They have Chinese donuts. I believe it has cinnamon, glaze. That looks really good. Yo, this looks really good. Shout out to them. Wow, that's good. You know what's good when it makes David chuckle? Crispy and fluffy, that's my favorite. That glaze, I feel like I got lip gloss on my lips. We're going to end off tonight with two Fright Fest exclusive desserts. That's a tongue twister, man. Give me a break. These are two Fright Fest exclusively desserts. All right, everybody, we are ending off on dessert. I have the most popular dessert here at Six Flags, which is funnel cake, but this is an exclusive churro-flavored funnel cake. And then we have these high-end boutique milkshakes that have actually become really popular over the past few years. Mine has a strawberry shortcake bar in it. Yours has an oreo-flavored. No, you don't have an ice cream bar, too, back here. That's a magnum bar. I got a brownie. And they're almost a little bit like show-dubbing. This resembles a deep-fried fish, like mini fishes. This is the Oreo grilled shake. You didn't think you got scared enough? It's not a milkshake. It's a thrill shake. This is a pop tart. Oh, my God. It's a pop tart. I don't have a lot of milkshake, but this is pretty good. Let me try that brownie. I love brownies. Shout out to the strawberry thrill shake. Six Flags Fright Fest is an entire experience from the scare zones to the mazes to the Fright Fest exclusive food. They reconstructed a whole world for you. My mind is blown and thrilled and shaken. All right, Hellfest. This is one of the brand new mazes they have for Six Flags Fright Fest. Linda's out. David, we're going to go through it. Let's do it. Oh, man. Oh. Oh, man, let me get this on the ground, man. Yeah, yeah, yeah.  That's a good one. Shout out to her.  It's one of the scary. We're in the scare zone right now. The scare is scaring me. Oh, that's hella funny. I didn't know you're still here. They slide. They slide on their hands. Could you slide one more time? Whoa. That's kind of lit. What? What is going on right now? Everybody, thank you so much for watching that Six Flags Fung Grows Food at Fright Fest video. Shout out to Linda D. Definitely check out her channel. My heart's still beating. And until next time, we out. Peace. All right, everybody, thank you so much for watching that video.  You know, the best way to hit up Six Flags is the Diamond Elite membership, man.  You get discounted food everywhere. So thank you, everybody. Until next time, we out. Peace.


I thought member wish party start pizza. Full boy, full boy, good job, look one, look on. Which team are the best in the world? The Trinity start in line up. In goal, Steve O'Rea, Jaheel Green, Adawan Taylor, Kevin Hamilton, Ralston Baker, Tiana Vassal, Nea Walton, Uwe Brown, Cami Ramsey, Romain Tomlinson, and Hosani Ennis, their coach by Nicholas Stewart. Of course, Uwe Brown have two goals, five assists as I mentioned earlier. Also having two goals of Sani Ennis, they should do very well for their teams. Yeah, two seconds. The two captains, Uwe Brown leads the Holy Trinity team. Romain Walters, the captain for St. Catherine High. They have an opportunity to take a picture with the referees as well. We'll put that in their album. Schoolboy football album, St. Catherine High. This is their team sheet. Omarion Brown and goal, Lannix Lawrence, Rajay Taylor, Romain Walters, Nasser Perez-Henry, Nathal Ellis, Dwight Gentles, Kadeen Young, Jack Watson, Rolanda Redmond, and Levan Taylor, their coach by Anthony Patrick. Yeah, that's a coach of a lot of prestige, Anthony Patrick. He has done so much in the Jamaican Schoolboy landscape, and he's looking to take this St. Catherine team to higher heights. Six, Holy Trinity, Trinity Neal, the full-time score. Romario Francis sent the game in action, and in the 19th minute of play, Nathal Ellis, audacious strike from distance, beating Steve Hooray. Yeah, forget about XG. He expected to score that one. What a strike from distance. The sports match that moment. Another angle, and the beauty remains. Two minutes later, here came Jack Watson, stepping forward, beating two players, calm, composed, beating Steve Hooray. And yeah, that was goal number two, that in the 21st minute. He really did well to ride that challenge, finishing the far triangle. Yeah, easy does it in the end. Jack Watson had a shout of triumph. Look at this touch from Dwight Gentles. Wow, what a first touch. The follow-up was good. His, at the time, 12th goal of the season. Dwight Gentles, the 16-year-old doing well for St. Catherine High School. Yeah, another look at that one. That was the first half, and Steve Hooray unable to clear well, sent it only to young who had a great shot, site and goal. Look at this snapshot from Gentles. The second half, much of the same would continue. Great run that from Gentles, finished with a plum. Had a bit of an injure skier there, but the composure to finish on the pain. Yeah, that's the kind of clinical finish you want, even when someone is in pain. I thought it was an attempted celebration, but recognize it really was pain. Look at this team goal now. Bakil from Young, lifted into the area, and Ronaldo Stewart had a beautiful header. He's the second of the season. Ronaldo Stewart, the substitute, came on for St. Catherine. That was goal number five. And goal number six in the 82nd minute. LaVon Taylor with the corner kick. Nathal Ellis, as it was in the beginning, so it was in the end. Finish in scoring on the afternoon, his second. And six goals for St. Catherine High in this Zone E fixture. Comprehensively beating, holy trinity. And the referee had seen enough. Here are the full-time match statistics. 41 shots, 35 of them to St. Catherine. They had 18 on target, only one on target for holy trinity. Nine fouls committed by St. Catherine. Three for holy trinity. One yellow card for St. Catherine. They are lucky. Could have been a red card from my vantage point. 14 corners, they had one to holy trinity. 10 saves made by Steve O'Rea, and 70% of the possession to St. Catherine with six goals to their credit. And yeah, standing by now for the sports backs, man of the match. Kimani O'Sullivan has that man. Thank you, Dean. I'm joined by MVP, the sports max MVP, Nathal Ellis of St. Catherine.  Congratulations. Talk to me about that goal.  Talk me through it. Well, the keeper was off, he lied. So I take a clear shot. And in terms of pulling the strings from deep as a deep line playmaker, speak to me about your role in the team and what your coach tells you to execute. He told me to stay in the midfield and play the ball wide. In terms of that devastating weapon you have up front in your teammate, Gentles, how good is it to play with a striker that's banging in them for fun?  That is it. And you're just confident he's going to put them away every time? Yes. Thank you, Nathal. Congratulations. All right, that was man of the match, Nathal Ellis of St. Catherine. I'm joined now by the whole itunity assistant coach. Three points conceded to a team you are chasing down in the standings.  Well, you just mentioned it down. It's a down feeling. As I mentioned in the free game interview, what an inexperience. And it's today, the game. We're called it consistently inconsistent. We just don't know how we played a lot of force arrows and what give credit to the St. Catherine team there. Well, Jill, physically there in it and tactically also. How damaging was that injury to you, you brown, to what you wanted to do? Well, he got an injury in preseason and it got a little bit shaken up. So it caused us but there's something small. Any update on him? How is he doing? Well, he's been gone to the hospital. Nothing really serious, but just a little bit of some make-up checks. All right, thank you coach, all the best. All right, thank you. All right, that was the Holy Trinity camp. Joined now by St. Catherine, the winners. Coach, they're on your tails. Only three points behind. Now you've dealt with them. How's the feeling? Well, as I said before, you know, it's a matter, you know, thinking about moving the zone, you know, but we know we're going to get the better of them today. But is that looking forward? Asking about Gentles, 14 from as much as four games, five games now. How impressive is he? Speak to me about him. Well, I'm still not there as yet. Still not there as very, very young. This is first season at Centre Foud. You know, now I'm listening to this third year in the competition at 8.16. I've been playing outside the Foud for the first two seasons. Now I've put him at Centre Foud, but still I've a lot to work with him. Well, you've dealt with Trinity, as I said. All eyes on Mona in that first part now. As I said, it's about who wins the zone. You know, we are looking forward for that return game. Thank you, coach. All the best. Thank you very much.