Hi and welcome to the lecture for chapter five, diversity. Over the next several slides, we'll have a meaningful discussion about what diversity is and how it functions inside the small group. Let's get going. So first off, let's go ahead and start with the definition. When we talk about diversity, what we're talking about is differences among group members, and this can range from personality to learning style to cultural background to even differences of opinion. As we progress to the next slide, our next few slides, our goal is to going to be looking at the way that these things function inside the group and try to gain some insights and ideas at how these can actually be utilized and seen as a net benefit to group interaction. So first, a couple of definitionary things. Homogeneity versus heterogeneity. When we talk about homogeneity, what we're talking about is groups composed of members who share a wide variety of member characteristics, right? So these are the groups that are very similar to one another. This can be contrasted with heterogeneous groups, which are groups composed of members who are very different in a variety of different dimensions. In the next slides, we're gonna get an idea as to what those dimensions are, but keep in mind just here at the outset that most of the research that we talk about in this class and in our book shows that groups that are more heterogeneous that have differences between them tend to be more successful, while, albeit, there can be more of a struggle during the earlier phases of group development. In the long run, the differences that the group members bring with them can ultimately act as a benefit to the group members. So a couple of things to consider on site at that. First, as we already discussed, the heterogeneous groups can be more effective, there's a strong link here between increased skills and effectiveness. But the second thing here is as we discuss these concepts in the next few chapters, understand that any discussion of diversity requires a little bit of generalization to gain insights and ideas as into how different dimensions of diversity function inside of the group. Now, know that not all members in any group are ultimately going to fit that mold, while we might say that individuals that are more active learning styles tend to function in a given way. It isn't going to be true that everyone that might fit inside that category. And in fact, the reality is that there is no perfect peg for a perfect hole anywhere out there. And in fact, we're all different and unique. And it's the benefits of those differences that we're trying to focus on here. All right, so one of the key differences that we can talk about in diversity inside groups are some of the key reasons as to why people join groups. And in this course, what we tend to do is divide a line between task oriented individuals and relationally oriented individuals. Your task oriented individuals are individuals that focus on having control of the achievement goals and believe that in general, that the group's main focus is accomplishing those goals that they set out, right? This is the individual that's like we're here in a group and we're here to get work done. This is contrasted with relationally oriented individuals. These are individuals that why my tertiary really care about the task focus of the group are more interested in the relationships and the connections made with other people inside of the groups. For groups to be effective, it's good to have a wide variety of both task oriented and relationally oriented individuals inside the group. The reason for this is that if a group is too task oriented, ultimately that is going to lead to relational breakdown and when conflict comes around, it's going to be really, really bad. Whereas relationally oriented individuals tend to have more insight as to how to deal with those things. On the flip side, if you had all relationally oriented individuals, chances are you might spend a lot of time hanging out and enjoying company, not a whole lot of time actually getting the tasks that the group has before them done. So a mix tends to be better in these two individuals. So the next thing that we can talk about as a dimension of diversity is a diversity of learning styles. There's a lot of different learning styles out there, but some of the key ones that we can talk about this are as follows. If someone was to be categorized in the concrete experience learning style, this is an individual that learns best by actively participating and doing things, right? This is the hand-on experience, not just explaining things, but follow along with the explanation, right? You're explaining something, I'm doing it, okay, now it makes sense. This can be contrasted to the reflective observation style that is going to participate to a certain extent, but is more interested in kind of hanging back, listening, thinking about that, and reflecting on that. Now, a lot of people get these ones confused, but this is different from the abstract conceptualization. The abstract conceptualization learning style speaks to individuals that tend to learn better in solitude, not as participatory in the group or even observing in a group, but tend to like to withdraw, study, and gain understanding on their own. Again, a little bit different inside of this is the final learning style, which is active experimentation. This is the individual that doesn't want the lecture, doesn't want to read the instructions, wants to dive right in, figure out what works and what doesn't work. Now, why you might find yourself drifting towards one of these categories more so, don't be worried because people tend to kind of move in and out of these learning styles to a certain reflective amount as they engage in the process of exploring new information. All right, the next thing that we can talk about in terms of dimensions of diversity is diversity of culture. We talk about cultural diversity. What we're interested in is how individuals believe, morals, values, background, and shared identification to a group ultimately changes the individual's perspective. As we talked about way back in the first one in the first lecture, the importance of groups in our lives is the primary group, our first primary group, our family group has a large and fundamental impact on who and what we are. Even more than this is the growing up in a given culture allows people different ways of communicating, different ways of thinking and different values. Having these differences with each other ultimately can allow us to bring new ideas and new perspectives on seeing things differently which can in the long run definitely benefit the group. Diversity of sex and gender is our next dimension of diversity we're discussing. But before we dive too deep in this, I think it's important to separate the difference between gender and sex. Because one of these things we're interested in and one of these things we're less interested in in this chapter. So when we talk about gender or somebody's gender, what we're talking about here are the learned characteristics of masculinity and femininity. What this means is that the types of attitudes and interactions that we engage upon which are social constructs in our society. Basically these are things that are learned through norms inside culture and have no biological reason that they exist in the way that they are. This is contrasted to sex which is the inherent biological characteristics of maleness and femaleness which people are born. And so this is something that is determined by chromosomes though, even then it's not always simple as we start to look at the nuance of this of people that are born, intersex in different levels inside of here. So even this might not be as black and white as we try to pretend it to be. But the thing here is that sex is not linked to communication style. There is nothing in the massive body of research that says men communicate one way and females communicate another way based on their biology. It is all based on learn characteristics of what it means to be masculine or what it means to be feminine inside of that. And so as we experience this and we engage in diversity of sex and gender in a group this can ultimately lead to different approaches in terms of engaging with one another, different reflections on how we communicate and so forth. But again, keep in mind focused on gender here and not on biological sex. All right, the next definition of diversity that we're interested in is generational diversity. Specifically how individuals from different generations tend to communicate different based on their lived experience. And so for the most part what we look at here is sets of different time periods ranging from 1901 all the way up to the 1990s at this point and different characteristics that we tend to associate with these different generational differences. So briefly the group of individuals born between 1901 and 1945 are commonly referred to as the builders generation. And these are individuals that were heavily influenced by the Great Depression, the Dust Bowl in the United States as well as World War I and World War II. So we saw a lot of differences inside of that. Periods of scarcity, dealing with that scarcity ultimately impacted the lived experience. This generation gave way to the boomers generation which took place for individuals born between 1946 and 1964. These are individuals that were heavily influenced by the growth of media, television and more specifically the social upheaval and cultural revolution that took place in the 1960s. The boomers gave way to the generation exers which were born between 65 and 76. This was influenced by governmental failures and corruption and general mistrust of the man. Finally this led to the most commonly named, most currently named generation which is the net generation. These are individuals that were born between 1997 and 1997 which includes probably a lot of individuals that are currently enrolled in college at this point. And this is a group of individuals that were heavily influenced by computers and technology, the digital revolution and having access to information fairly easily inside of this. We're still kind of waiting to see what the next generation takes place inside of that and what ultimately is going to be by suspect it will be an evolution of the net generation into something even more technologically savvy and connected. So now that we have some ideas about the differences and dimensions of diversity, let's talk a little bit about working with diversity and bridging those differences. One of the most important concepts that we can talk about this is remaining mindful in our communication strategies. You ultimately cannot address diversity in a meaningful way unless you do this. So mindful communication is a type of communication approach which ultimately just involves being open to multiple perspectives, being willing to see people's, seeing the world from others viewpoint and shifting perspective as necessary to be able to gain insight and understanding into the lived experience of others. Ultimately as you get better at practicing mindful communication, it becomes easier to see diversity as a net benefit as opposed to something that has to be addressed and dealt with inside group functioning. So a couple of principles I wanna leave you with as we wrap up this chapter's discussion on diversity. The biggest and most obvious one perhaps is value diversity. There tends to be a lot of approaches to diversity that see that there is diversity problems and issues. And I think a lot of that can be bridged by saying that diversity is something that is useful to group, that'll allow groups to be more complete, more adaptive to changing situations and ultimately will present better perspectives forever. That being said, don't try to mask diversity and mask differences inside the group as something that just has to be socialized and assimilated out. Acknowledge differences, discuss these differences, discuss how it presents you challenges but also be willing to discuss the way that differences might be beneficial to the group. Talk about how you could use those differences to be effective, to be successful and to ultimately embrace them. Try to develop a group culture and identity that is based on highlighting those differences. And ultimately continue to work to become collectively competent in the communication that allows you to bridge those differences and understand the perspective of the other. All right, that wraps our discussion for this chapter. Once again, thank you for watching. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me at one of the variety of methods that is made available to you.


What is going on there guys welcome to a new video so you've seen the title then today I'm going to be discussing I'll kind of like going through the points of why I didn't choose amazon fba as a business model to pursue And why I actually chose Shopify drop shipping over it instead so I've got Some notes and I want to go through with you to make sure I don't leave any points out because Commit into a business idea then or a business model something that you're going to be putting a lot of time And a lot of money into then it's not a decision that you should be taking lightly It is something that you should give a lot of thought to so hopefully this video then if you're in two minds about um A few different business models and hopefully I can give you the kind of things you need to be thinking about to make the right decision because The chances are you're probably watching this hoping to replace some sort of income or make some sort of income So that you can do this full time And if you're going to be doing it full time then obviously you're going to be doing it in a year's time You're going to be doing it in five years and ten years time So the last thing you want to do is commit all that time All that knowledge all that money to only realize then that you're still not happy and that you've made the wrong decision So that being said then the reasons why I didn't choose amazon fba number one and probably like the scariest thing was the upfront cost so when I talk about amazon fba typically The business model i'm referring to is where you buy X amount of products from china or wherever it is you ship it into amazon They store the products there in one of their warehouses They you can advertise the product listing on amazon on amazon's website And then if anybody buys it then amazon pretty much handles absolutely everything for you So they'll pick pack and dispatch the products for you Via prime as well so anybody who pays for prime can get next day blurry service And then they'll handle any returns anything like that as well. So The biggest thing then the scariest thing for me at the time If anybody who doesn't know actually I did actually do amazon fba for a little bit, but I did it Not in the business model. I just explained but I did retail arbitrage So I would go to places in the uk like cosco And the pound stores source products I had an app on my phone that I could scan the products It would tell me what they're being sold for on amazon and then I would know if I could make any money So I'd buy products from shops like that ship them into amazon And then just make a little cut on top of it. So the number reason why then I didn't choose to pursue and continue doing amazon fba Was the initial upfront cost so You could go so nowadays when i'm sourcing products in bulk to sell in my Shopify stores I'll spend typically anywhere between about five hundred dollars and fifteen hundred dollars purely because the suppliers Work in dollars. I pay through everything through paypal So it'll go through dollars and that's a lot of money to commit upfront to a product to send into amazon if You don't know if that product is going to sell very well or not So that is the number one reason then the upfront cost at the time I didn't have a lot of money to play around with and that was one of the major attractions to drop shipping as well That the fact you can get started have everything pretty much up and running for less than a hundred pound and plus When it comes to amazon fba just your product is not the final cost either amazon is going to charge you to Store that product every month if you don't sell those units in the first month There is a miniscule cost but still something to consider And plus if those products don't sell on amazon then You can't just leave them in amazon forever and I mean you can keep paying the storage costs I guess but if you want them to ship them back to you or destroy them then again You've got more added costs there. So again a couple of things to be wary of if you do choose to go down the amazon fba route So number two then is competition and risk. I kind of spoke about risk in the fact that You can commit all that time all that money to do in product research All that money and wait for your product to arrive for it to not sell But the main thing I point want to make is competition. So On amazon there's just going to no matter what products you sell unless you invent something new Then there's going to be somebody else selling it as well And even on your product page as well on your product listing There's going to be other products on that page from other suppliers and if they do it better than you offer something different to you then More than likely the customer is going to go with them if they see it and that kind of leads into branding as well and the fact that branding is a bit less important on amazon because people Well, I can only really talk for my own experience But when I go into amazon then if I'm looking for a particular product and I'll tend to just go with whoever's cheapest Slash whoever has the best review reviews. I don't really care what brand it is unless I'm looking for something Specifically branded then I don't really care I'll just go with whoever is cheapest And whoever has the most reviews and that's something that you've got to compete against that is out of your control Shopify dropshipping is different Once you get somebody onto your site, then you've done half the job The only products they're going to be looking at are yours And if they spend any money, then it's only going to be going to you. It's not going to be going to your competition Number three then so you're restricted to what you can sell now you are in some means on Shopify as well Shopify won't let you sell certain products, but even more so on amazon then As a new seller on there that are I believe about a dozen categories. You can't sell in so you can't sell food. You can't sell clothing. You can't sell Beauty products. You do have to get ungated and pass Kind of certain criteria before you cancel is possible But in terms of what you can sell straight away, there's just less freedom to Which is something I'm not a big fan of I like to just be able to Well, it's if you compare it against drop shipping then with drop shipping as soon as you find a product You can have it on your store and be selling it literally within an hour Whereas on amazon, that's just not the case another thing to be wary of is amazon as well Now this is the thing with Shopify as well and When I'm looking at the two, I think Shopify is a bit more lenient hence why I put this as a disadvantage for amazon And that is that amazon can just cancel your listing at any time So you can be doing really really well with a certain product And then if there's something you haven't looked into or something you haven't checked properly Amazon can just cancel it like straight away and you can go from making I don't know five grand a day to just zero Um a good example of this actually someone I watch on youtube someone called tana j fox And he spoke about how one of his first winning products was patented Without in realizing and he was selling loads and loads of units things were going really well And then just overnight sales just completely dropped and all that stock he had to pay for then He then had to pay to get rid of it as well So something just another thing you need to be wary of and another reason then why I didn't want to go down the amazon fba room Number four then and that is that the skills don't really carry over. So what I mean by that then is that The skills you're going to have to develop for Shopify and drop shipping is Marketing and it's not as big of a factor with amazon fba Um, I guess an extreme example put it this way then if you were to walk into any business In the world and say i'm really good at amazon fba versus i'm really good at social media marketing then The the skills social media marketing is just so much more appropriate and they carry over to any business in the world pretty much It's going to be a lot stronger than it is with amazon fba If you know how to market on social media Then you can pretty much sell any product in the world moving on to the next point then and i've put here on my phone control your own destiny a bit more and Within both platforms when speaking about Shopify and when speaking about amazon and both you have kind of restricted But with amazon you are even more so with Shopify you can create any kind of brand you want You can sell whatever products you want Whereas with amazon you kind of there's more confine there's less confine more or less confinement to work within so I guess to put it in a way you put you you could say that with amazon you have less space to work with You have to work within amazon's rules and regulations and while Shopify does have those They're just a lot more broader and they give you just a lot more freedom So if you're one of those people that want to build like this really massive brand And you've got a certain message and everything to put across and you want a big social media following Then you can't do that as well on amazon as you can on Shopify A good way to look at it as well is that if you look at brands that you want to kind of Like mold yourself on so say you want to start a fitness clothing Business just look at people like gymshack or the biggest people in the world doing it people like gymshack And there's a reason then why they're not on amazon and why they are on Shopify. So that's kind of like a good way to look at it Uh second to last then is the fees. So when I was selling on amazon the fees are just crazy crazy high Um, it's not so high. You can't make any money, but they are just really really high like I have Products that I store in fulfillment centers and they charge me a fraction of what amazon charge me So it's not a cheap thing to do as well and it will cut into your profit margins a lot more than Then you may realize so definitely something to check out and again Something that you don't really have to consider with Shopify with drop shipping especially you there's only one cost essentially that you have to pay and that is the product cost and shipping cost combined And then finally I've already spoke about it briefly in the video and that is branding so Branding on Shopify can Be your advantage while it can on amazon. It's just not so much So look I've said before when you get somebody onto your store Then you've done half the job and with a good solid brand and a good social media following Then you can get people onto your store a lot easier and people are more likely to come back to you So if you just think about the last five things you bought on amazon Can you remember then like the five brand names of those items that you bought? I'd be surprised if you could and if you can't then the chances are when you go back onto amazon You're not going to be thinking about those brands and buying from that same brand again You're going to be thinking about or at least I do which is the cheapest and which has the best reviews So that being said then guys i'm going to Wrap the video up there Now I don't want anybody to think anybody who loves amazon fba It is a great business model and if you can do it well, then it probably provides a bit of a better lifestyle than dropshipping does There's certainly less time involved So i'm not hating on amazon fba whatsoever. The points i'm trying to put across here is that When before you commit fully to a business model You need to think about what kind of lifestyle you want to create for yourself And you need to pick a business that is going to provide that And that is kind of like the key to this video So that being said then guys that is the video. Thank you for tuning in if you're still watching much appreciated And i'll see you guys in the next one


Okay. Our next session, good follow-up from the previous one, now going beyond MVP, going beyond that minimal viable product. And to discuss that journey with us, please warmly welcome with me Aaron Perrecchi. And this is our Senior Security Architect at Okta please Aaron Kawano. Alright, hi everybody. Thank you for being here. I'm excited to talk to you about going beyond MVP, but before that, of course, must present the safe harbor slide to remind you that if there are any forward-looking statements, please base your purchasing decisions on generally available information today. But what you just heard was all about getting single sign-on working. So, of course, single sign-on is the minimum you need to get into enterprise companies. What I want to focus on now is what happens once you do that and what happens where that goes from there. So, single sign-on, the idea is you're going to have some sort of login box in your application. You're going to ask the user to type in their work email and go discover that company's IDP and do a single sign-on flow, hopefully open to interconnect. And eventually, you will end up with a user signed in. Now, you're going to have multiple different customers signing in to your applications from different companies, which means they're going to be using different IDPs. It's not just like signing with Google where it's all just one giant IDP. It's signing in with this customer's IDP, this customer's IDP. So somewhere in your app, you're going to need a list of an email domain at the company mapping to that company's IDP. So, let's say you have the example.com email domain and when somebody enters that address, then they are going to redirect over to that company's IDP, which let's say it's Okta, and then a different company is example.org, you'd redirect over to that company's IDP. Cool. That means in your user database of users in your app, you're going to end up with not just a list of users in one giant list, you're going to have to map them to that IDP. Ok, so you're going to get, you're going to go through the OIDC flow, get their email address, enter a user record in your database, which is IDP1 user at this email address. So you'll end up, you know, doing this as people sign in. And as users from a different tenant login, you're going to end up with a different tenant ID in your user database. This is all great. But quick side note here, don't actually use email addresses as the user identifier in your apps because email addresses are not necessarily stable identifiers. For example, you just change their name or a company gets acquired and the email address is changed. Luckily, when you do an OIDC flow, you do get back a stable identifier, which is a usually opaque string. It's called the subject identifier. And it will depend on the IDP, sometimes just a random string. Sometimes it is a username depends on the IDP. So that's great. You are now signing up enterprise companies left and right. You're getting all these users signing in through SSO. Wonderful. Your database is growing and growing. But you have now created a couple of new problems for yourself by doing this. SSO is great, but you've got a problem of deprovisioning and also incomplete the incomplete picture. And we're going to talk about these two problems. What happens when a user is removed from an identity provider? Well, one of the benefits of single sign on is that that user won't be able to log in to the app anymore. That's kind of the whole point, right? User gets deleted from the company's IDP. If they try to go do a sign in flow with your app, your app would do OIDC out of the IDP. That would fail because these doesn't exist there. Cool. They weren't able to sign into your app. But that also means that you're just going to never see that user ever again. You're never really going to know if they were deleted or if they just didn't, if they just stopped using the app. You don't really get that picture. Which basically means that in your giant list of users, there's going to end up being these kind of orphaned user accounts that just kind of just have a last login date of years ago, and you don't know the difference between they just stopped using your app or they were deleted. And this can be a particular problem if, for example, you are charging your customers a per seat license of how many users are using the app. Well, how do you know how many to charge for? Were they just inactive that month? Should you remove them so that you stop charging them indefinitely? And that's kind of just a missing, a missing piece. And the other problem is that you don't have the whole picture. You only know about who's logged in. So what about users at the company who have not yet logged in? And a reason this might be important to you is, let's say you're building like a to-do list app. And you want to make a little, you know, assign field, assign a task to a user.  So you want to know who are all the users at this company that this user who's logged in can assign a task to? Where is that user database? Well, it's not, your database is not a complete list of users at the company. It's only a list of users who've signed into your app. So how do you get that information? And these are the two missing pieces if you only implement single sign-on. So let's take a look at how to solve this. And that is where skim comes in. Skim is an acronym for system for cross domain identity management, which sounds like a mouthful because it is, because it kind of got renamed, back renamed style. But anyway, this is a protocol that syncs users between two systems, usually between an identity provider and the applications that are being used through that identity provider. To talk briefly about why skim is valuable before we get into how it works, I want to introduce Brendan Edelson, virtually, CTO of Zoom, to tell you about how skim has helped Zoom win enterprise contracts. SSO is a vital tool for integrating Zoom's platform with identity providers such as Okta. But SSO support only provides user authentication, not user management. That's where skim is valuable for Zoom and companies that use Zoom. When a new company signs up with Zoom, our skim support enables them to bring in all their users automatically and keep their profile information in sync and up to date. No more manual data entry or upkeep. Our customers can hit the ground running with Zoom on day one. It's important to note that skim support is not just a nice to have feature. It's crucial to winning enterprise contracts. Enterprises often have hundreds to even tens of thousands of users and manually managing those user records on even one platform can be daunting and time consuming. Furthermore, user records falling out of sync can result in various disruptions to the business, leading to lost productivity and potentially even security breaches. By offering skim support, Zoom demonstrates its commitment to delivering happiness by leveraging industry standards to make these tasks as smooth as possible for enterprise customers, saving them valuable time and resources and minimizing the risk of costly disruptions. Okay, thanks for that. Let's take a look at a high level of how skim actually works to make this all come into place. Basically, what's going to happen is once you've configured skim to go between the customer's IDP and your app, things will just kind of start happening behind the scenes. And what's going to happen is the IDP will just start sending requests to your skim server to manage those users. It'll do things like check if a user exists. If the user does not exist, it will go create the user. As users are deactivated and or activated again, they'll start making requests to tell you about those events. There's other things like if the user updates their profile information, you may get an update saying, oh, now this user's name is different or their role is different, things like that. So essentially, once you've stood up this skim server, it'll just sort of start being their handling requests and telling your app about all of the users at this company. So let's, in the case of Okta, this is from the Okta documentation. This is kind of the first thing that you'll see is Okta will ask your application, does this user exist? And it'll make a get request. It'll say filter on username as this user. And what your app is supposed to do is respond, yes or no. Basically, return a list of users that match this query or say no, there are no users. If you say no, there are no users, it'll then create that user. It'll create the user by sending a post request with that user's full profile information. There's lots of things behind the scenes of how the customer can configure mapping, the different attributes between Okta profiles and what your profiles might look like if field names are slightly different, but that's all something that the customer can configure. So you'll get this post request and then, all of a sudden, your application now knows about a user that hasn't yet logged in to your application. There's other operations that might be sent. This is, again, the list from Okta's side, things like check if a user exists with that query, create a user in your user database, get a list of all users in your database, retrieve a specific user by their user ID, update a specific user's attributes in case of a name change or role change. Users activated will send a different request with flipping that bit. The skim spec itself is very, very large and defines a lot more different kinds of things that happen to users, but in practice, there's actually a much smaller list that you need to actually worry about, and it will differ between IDPs. So again, this is just a list from Okta, but you may have to add a couple extra methods to support other IDPs. So, once you've got this all set up, now you have two different ways that users are created in your application's database. One will be the sort of just-in-time creation as the user is logging in, and maybe they don't exist yet in your database because the skim server hasn't notified you about it yet, but as long as the IDP says that the sign-in was successful, you should go and create that user record in your database. And then the other way is through the skim events of just pushing new user records. So you've got two different methods feeding this in, and what this does is it gives you the complete picture of users so that you can actually get these little assign a task dialogues to work, where you now do know about all the users at the org. And of course importantly, you know in real time when a user is deactivated because you'll get that event before having to just sort of wonder if they stopped using your app or were deleted. So there's a lot more to resources available to learn about how skim works or how to implement it in your apps. There is a great video on the Octa Developer YouTube channel that talks about the details of more of the details of these requests, so definitely check out that. And we also have an upcoming workshop to talk more about how to actually integrate skim into your apps. So customers like skim because it helps them better manage access to apps in their org, but skim also helps your apps work better by knowing more about the customer's organization. Speaking of things that customers also like, they also really like Octa workflows. I'm not here to sell you on why you need to use Octa workflows, but I want to tell you about how your customers use Octa workflows and why they like it and how you can take advantage of that. So Octa workflows is a no code, low code automation platform. It gives the admins a way to do drag and drop configuration of creating actions and things that manage, help manage their apps. It's all based around events and functions and actions. Basically, it's a way to connect any API and let coders or non coders build experiences around identity within their organizations. And it's basically a way to let people beyond developers actually build new experiences for people at the companies. In Octa workflows, there's a lot of out of the box integrations available for admins to plug things together. So some of the examples of plugging things together basically is replacing custom code and even manual tasks with all these automations. So things like when a new user is created, maybe you need to go and do a few actions in a couple different applications that the org might be using. Moving users between groups or assigning apps might trigger certain other events. So it's also a way to perform deep actions inside of an app like assigning a region and sales force or in Slack, adding them to certain channels. The whole platform is based around events. So events could be things like a new user is created or a user enrolled in MFA factor. Maybe you want to do something at that point. And a user is assigned an application or if the org rate limit is exceeded or even it can be driven by events that happen in your apps. So these are all events that Octa admins can be using to drive experiences with other apps that they're using. Enterprise customers like workflows because it lets them replace custom code with just drag and drop actions. It also means they're not running servers to maintain all this code running. It's all happening in Octa workflows. It also means that IT admins rather than developers can actually create these things. And there are lots of out-of-the-box integrations available that connect common applications that are often used together. So how are Octa admins able to create all these complicated workflows without writing any code? And that's because there are what are called workflow connectors that know how to talk to the APIs available in those apps like Box and Slack and Office 365 and maybe your applications. So let's take our to-do list app. What happens if you wanted to be able to let Octa admins create automations for your applications? Well, you would create a workflow connector to expose parts of your app's APIs to let the Octa admins create these automations. So a connector, it's a way for workflows to connect into your applications. It has actions and it has input and output parameters. You define these blocks and then they're able to connect into the other blocks and workflows. You can essentially create a connector to expose your app to Octa admins using workflows and you do that by exposing API endpoints that you're writing. So think about the common API endpoints that might let admins expose useful features of your apps to the rest of the company. That could be things like create a to-do item or mark a to-do item as complete or update an item or get a list of all completed items. And even just with that small list, which is maybe not your full API, but even just putting those few actions into workflows will let them create a lot of really interesting workflows. Like every Friday at 5 p.m., it can get a list of all the tasks completed within the last week, then email to a list. What did you have to do to be part of this? Well, you just have to write an API endpoint that says get all completed tasks within a week. You don't need to worry about how it gets sent over email or what email provider that admin is using. Or if a customer opens a Zendesk ticket from your system, send a notification to Slack, create a new task in this to-do list app. So now your customers can create these automations without writing code to do all this. So basically it's letting your customers use your products more effectively. You can even have workflows trigger other events based on things that happen in your application.  So you can really see how you can let your customers enrich their whole experience by driving these from events in your apps. If you have a lot of common cases that you've found your customers using, you can turn these into templates. And that way they're just like super quick for customers to install. And there's a handful of these already available in the workflows catalog, which you can check out if you're curious to see some examples of how other customers have done this. So basically help your customers get more out of your apps by supporting workflows, by adding the connectors for it and figuring out what API endpoints you need to expose to enable these kinds of rich experiences. We have a YouTube channel with lots and lots of tutorials about how to do this. And there's a link here on the screen, but the QR code is also easier to scan version of that link. Lots of information there. And again, we do have upcoming workshops to talk about how you, to walk you through adding actually, adding this to your applications. So a few upcoming workshops, we're going to go through adding Open ID Connect to your apps, getting users signed into your apps, using Open ID Connect, syncing your users with SCEM, enable automations with workflows, and also automating octa management using Terraform. Thank you all very much.


The God who simply exists, has always existed, will always exist, no beginning, no end, no change. That God has become man, and not only has become man, but has humbled himself to taking the appearance of bread and wine, so that I can eat him. You should be utterly amazed by that, and part of what I'm trying to overcome in the book is that we take that gift for granted. It becomes ordinary and routine, because, oh, well, I receive the Eucharist every single Sunday. And so, yeah, it's just what we do as Catholics. No, right? It can't just be something that we do as Catholics. I mean, this has to be every time appreciating this great miracle and this great gift, and never taking it for granted, trying to completely open up ourselves to receive it new every single time.


Get this and get it straight crime is a suckers road and those who travel it wind up in the gut of the prison of the grave There's no other end, but they never learn From the pen of Raymond Chandler outstanding author of crime fiction comes his most famous character in the adventures of Philip Marlowe Now with Gerald Moore starred as Philip Marlowe.  Yes, mr. Waltman The bookends Well, let me see now. That was the little Dutch figurines. Wasn't it the boy and the girl? All right fine Well, I'll have to oh Hold Hold the line a minute mr. Waltman tomorrow you you're back. Yes, mr. Brian Did you find him mr. Marlowe? Did you find chipper? Chipper is dead mrs. Bryant. Oh Take it easy mrs. Bryant maybe but I sit down here. No, I'm all right There's a customer waiting on the phone. I'll finish that Then I want you to tell me everything you found out about my son sure sure I'll only be a moment As Martha Bryant went to the telephone I braced myself for the story. I had to tell her I Tried to figure some last-minute way of making hard facts a little softer for a sweet brave gray-haired lady deserved a better break The first thought about what had happened brought the whole ugly business rushing back at me again Turned my mind back like a clock to where it had all begun yesterday morning in my office That same Martha Bryant full of hope and quiet courage had walked up to my desk Handed me a letter and asked me to find her son. His name is chipper mr. Marlowe or rather Chip now that he's a grown man. He's 22 He left suddenly without a word six months ago I've heard nothing until this morning when that letter there dressed a chip came in the mail postmarked San Louis a bispo Oh sit down. Won't you mrs. Bryant? Thank you Maybe I shouldn't have opened it, but Well, you see it's the first indication I've had and all that time that he's even alive really Dear Chip, it's been a long drag with the waiting is finally over darling time is now Meet me at 11 30 Monday night at the house with a big wheel sign Toby House with a big wheel. What does that mean mrs. Bryant? I have no idea But for some reason it frightens me 1130 Monday Monday night that must be tonight. Who is this Toby Toby? She's a very very beautiful young woman platinum blonde Chipper believed he was in love with her. I'm afraid. Oh Please don't misunderstand me mr. Marlowe. I'm not a possessive mother. I Knew I'd give chipper up someday only I Hope it would be to a nice and seer girl.  I tried to find her after chip left, but she was gone too Tell me the junior son argue about Toby mrs. Bryant. No, no, I only saw her once He knew I didn't think much of her, but that didn't drive him away. Mr. Marlowe. What did I've never been able to understand After his father died chip became Irresponsible and a little while perhaps especially since I had to spend all my time running our gift shop on Ivar but He was a good boy really I Tried to convince myself that he left just to prove his independence to test his wings, you know But now now what mrs. Bryant? Now I'm worried That letter it puzzles me. I don't like it. Well, it made me nothing more than you're getting a daughter-in-law uses too much mascara I hope you're right. I Want chip to be happy to settle down now. I want to turn my business over to him and will you try to locate him for me? Here I have his picture here in my wallet See They chip looks a lot like his mother doesn't it? Yeah Please find out my son is all right Sure, I'll do my best My office window. I watched her leave the building saw us stop politely and answer a question For an oily sidewalk pass a by in a black pinstripe suit And move quietly on down the street toward a shop on Ivar Neat gentle very lonely woman. I Hope to find a happy story for in San Luis Obispo. She had one coming. I Was still hoping five hours later when I pulled into a mobile gas station in the little town at the foot of the Santa Lucia mountains 200 miles up the coast I Filled up asked a few questions and found out there were only four good hotels five not so good and two or three dozen motorcourts and That ran the gamut So even with nothing with the name Toby to go on the job wasn't completely impossible By the time I'd worked my way down into the motorcourts the Sun was sneaking off between the rocky hills toward the ocean and I was still collecting negative answers Until I tried a mirrored neon combination bar restaurant at motel called pinkies on the north edge of town Sorry miss an old Toby Packler registered here. Now. Wait a minute. You're sure she's a lovely platinum blonde about About what? Huh? Oh never mind skip it pinky. Maybe this is better Last across the lobby of the bar, I caught a man watching me It was the same oily character in a black pinstripe suit that I'd seen stop Mrs. Brian on the street outside my office back in LA He ducked away and I beat it into a bar Justin time to see him slip out a side door. So I followed it Outside a gravel path worm through a groove dejected pepper trees wound up in a lonely world patio And when I got there oily was out of sight The reason was simple the nose of his gun in my back said he was behind me on move Marlowe Well, well name it all Sure, I've been telling you every inch of the way since old lady Bryant went to see you this morning What's the connection oily exactly six long months of watching and waiting for what for a move a new two skunks I'd have to make some time and from the way you've been working You don't know enough to do yourself any good of me any harm. So take some advice go back to LA leave it Alone leave what alone? It's none of your business people. I'll take over from here But just in case you're running the chip Bryant or Toby on your way out of town Tell them for me they're not cutting Lou race out of his share of 110 grand I'm gonna get it one way or another So you won't forget Brick floor of the patio finally stopped pushing I was alone Except for my ugly thoughts. I Knew I was on the right track But from the sound of things chipper Bryant was much less a mama's boy than his mama believed I made sure Lou race was nowhere around the motel I went into the bar again to see what a double scotch would do for my headache The bartender obviously was the type who got around so I took a chance and asked him about Toby Packley It was no good When I described Toby as a beautiful platinum blonde a girl sitting alone two stools down a Girl with a short ragged mouse brown hair and extremely flat miss form face Dropped her eyes and looked away.  You can't apologize for you. Just leave It was halfway to my car before I realized the girl had followed me out I turned and watched the come toward me The garish neon light her face was jarringly unreal the color and texture of hard putty. I uh, I Heard you inside when you asked about Toby Yeah, I thought you had Do you know her miss Palmer? Yeah, I know her. She's one of my few friends. What do you want with Toby? Well, my name is Marlowe. I'm from LA. I want to talk to her about a fellow named Chip Bryant She's my only lead Chip Bryant. Yeah, she never mentioned that name to me. Anyway, you're too late. Mr. Marlowe, what do you mean? Toby left town this morning. She left town. Oh, no, she's going up north to Seattle. I think on some kind of Personal business.  Where it was what it means house with a big wheel. Yeah, you know, I'm afraid not I'm sorry. Mr. Marlowe. I guess I'm not much help. I Good night. Thanks. Anyway, and good night miss miss Yeah Yeah, Palmer Good night. The girl walked back to the bar the little gold chain I'd spotted around her ankle glinted in the brittle light It was like an echo of a memory.  I hunched that somehow in the last six months a gorgeous blonde named Toby Packler Had become a drab brown head with a flat stiff face So I didn't chase wild geese to Seattle instead. I got in my car and I waited An hour went by and it was almost dark before she finally came out again Step down into a sleek new convertible and drove north out of town I followed as she turned off a neglected side road and for eight miles twisted through jagged rocky hills toward the mountains And suddenly from the crest of a small rise. I saw what she'd been heading for an old stone house squatting in a grove of eucalyptus trees The girl I figured to be Toby Packler. It slowed almost to a stop. I watched the creep along until she was out of sight And I got out of my car and I went down for a closer look Round brown shingled couplers reared proudly out of choking over growth and on a huge rusty iron gate in front Was the name Escobar But in the trees behind the house. I saw more Turning slowly in the stream. There was a giant water wheel a big wheel Drove fast back to town and stopped at the only place I could figure for a quick answer The opposite of the San Luis Abysso Daily Eagle the night editor was strictly old-school from green eyeshade to sleeve gutters But still very much on the ball. So you want to see the issues of exactly six months ago? Yes, yeah, that'd be November about the eighth ninth and 10th He uh, son. Thanks. Thanks a lot. I'm right the sort of cinch it Rip those copies So by the way, what story are you looking for? Oh small something on a party named Toby Packler It's not here. Wait a minute. Maybe it'll be in Yeah, sure. Sure. This is it on page three a Woman identified as Toby Packler of Los Angeles Suffered severe injuries they hadn't faced today when the car she was driving skidding into a bridge abutment two miles north of here So that's how come the face Miss Packler's condition was announced as critical by Clark emergency hospital attention. Hey, is that all you wanted? That's enough That answers your question young man. I put these copies away. I had a bit careful Wait a minute wait a minute that headline. What was that? Let's see that Santa Barbara jewelry store, uh Daring thieves escape with gems valued at a hundred and ten thousand a hundred and ten grand Remember that two men and a woman got away clean to never caught a woman You don't mean there's a connection between these stories, dude I don't know ask me again after I've checked in at the old Escobar place Adam Escobar's place out in the hills You're joking son What in the world could that crackpot possibly have to do with the jewel robber in a car wreck six months ago It beats me, but there's some time you can count on it I think you're crazy, but if you're going out there, maybe you should be now. What's that supposed to mean? You'll have something in common with Adam. He's living his own private dream world for so long He's a forgotten what the real world's all about Goodbye, son. I'll see you later. I Hope In just a moment the second act of Philip Marlowe But first the fun is always fresh and furious when Groucho marks takes over on CBS Wednesday nights with his wonderful quiz You bet your life Groucho the master of ad-lib teams up pairs of opposites and then goes to work with his quips and questions Very very solid with laughter this Groucho Mark show here at this Wednesday and every Wednesday and most of these same CBS stations Now with our star Gerald Moore the second act of Philip Marlowe and tonight's story the hiding place The road I had thought of Adam Escobar's place is just another hundred year old country home You know the kind bigger Lou Frankel like an aging nobleman who would retired long ago with his memories Now that I was there and at the rust that I engage that resented my intrusion out loud had changed my mind. I Saw now it had to be a degenerate nobleman Also, the nobleman had to be flat-broke. I saw it everywhere an aim Escobar on the gate and copper lettering It turned a sickly spotted green The scuffed faded family crest in laden tile in the cement walk was cracked and crumbled The exquisite stained glass door was cracked all the way down the middle Only the engraved card in the slot under the knocker that said Adam Escobar a squire was neat and new landed gentry's last ditch stand I Was about to knock one you need not bother knocking sir. I saw you coming up the walk. I am Adam Escobar It was a small slight man of maybe 60 plus with a large head held high in spite of the frayed cuffs Patent of the slippers that were cracked and peeling I introduced myself then followed me to a musty living room There while he apologized for no longer having any servants and porters each some brandy from a cut glass to can't I told them all about my search for chip Brian complete with Toby and no race Frankly, mr. Marlow. I am puzzled Your drinks are confused. What does all this have to do with me? Well, maybe nothing mr. Escobar But the only guess around is that the jewels were hidden here on your property a house with a big waterwheel the night of the Robbery six months ago Reason sir the police probably sure you wouldn't want to be picked up the stuff on him Salute under yours. Thank you Then then mr. Marlow soon after they did that hit the jewels I mean the girl the one with the injured face had that accident those are the circumstances Oh more or less and if I've added right companies coming by 1130 It's 1030 now It might be a good idea if you left the home grounds for a while me leave my own home because of some thieves because of three Come on mr. Escobar. It's that or the police and I'd rather not have the minute for a while I still owe my client the slight benefit of the doubt that's left you think I am afraid is that what you are trying to say No, of course not, but I don't see why you should stick your neck out these people have nothing to do with you You are wrong, sir every honest man has something to do with every criminal his duty. I know that now mr. Marlow If I had known it many years ago, I might still have both my wealth and my property intact Well, okay, who knows when I come back it may be back, but where are you going, sir in a town? I'd still like to catch up to chip Bryant before the reunion I don't think there's gonna be the time or place for conversation Conversation with that Bryant hoodlum about what sir, but a mother mr. Escobar A nice old lady who doesn't deserve a kick in the teeth Back in San Luis Vismo, I returned to the missing person door-to-door canvas for the third time that night Only now I can find myself to the wrong side of the tracks exclusively in the deeper the dive the better I didn't figure the chip Ryan would show anywhere else Now after a half a dozen quick stops number seven proved lucky It was a cramped greasy bar with a sawdust and cigarette butt floor and a single customer I hadn't found chip, but I was close to the depth of mr. Lou race The barkeep of all the fat wearing a sweatshirt the size of a tent at his back to me when I entered so did race So when I tapped the tricky man on his padded shoulder and he turned he was surprised to see me swing That's like I was an old debt this Just in case I can't got your time. I'll get up get ready to answer a few simple questions I'll pay you for it unless you want to be up to your rolling chins in trouble with the law junior Don't try to help the clientele the cops Okay, okay, why didn't you say so? I don't know nothing about this guy, and I don't know enough now Come on race you talk or eat sawdust which I know What what do you want one you chip Ryan and Toby Paco stuck up that Santa Barbara jewelry store six months ago, right? Yeah, yeah, we did it, but they crossed me up It was when the cops were coming in we split splitter you played hooray for Lou race and ran without worrying about the others Oh, what's the difference a reason Toby and chip Ryan won't tell you where they hit the jewels That's a difference. That's your standing on one ear people Toby had a different reason for crossing me like what? Like a full-on love with that last Bryant the kid she baited in the coming along with us My flap on her baby blues the kid who was supposed to drive the car period That's how she crossed me anyone else. Yeah, that's upper. Where's Brian now one of two places Either with Toby Packler By the time I made it to the door The second company Sam spade was across the street behind a parked car and streaking for an alley in the middle of the block Just as I thought I was gonna lose and he came abreast of a dark doorway And I saw it an arm raised quickly the glint of a knife blade the arm drop Choppy whoever it done it slid away in the dark is suddenly as he appeared and I was next to race There was only the call his car to black ivory handled knife Driven to their hilton between the dapper man's shoulders It was going out fast How did happen shut up race race, do you know who got you? Yeah Black ivory handle. Yeah, why why was it mean who's belong to race? What kid? He's dead, huh Yeah And so are all the prayers of one mrs. Martha Bryant Who she never mind never mind listen call the cops tell her my name is Philip Malo I'm a private detective and I may be able to explain all this later right now I'm do it a house with a water wheel and explain that later to if I'm lucky Mr. Malo I'm glad you're here, sir. It is almost 11 30. I know have you seen anyone mr. Escobar No, sir, and I have been watching very closely and in readiness My father on this pistol. Oh, well, I hope it's been oiled since now look I didn't locate ship break Wait a minute. Isn't that a car there turning off the road without any lights on yes And going along the side of my property line back to the water wheel it is a woman mr. Malo Yeah, no doubt named Tony Packler now look you stay here, mr.  We'll stand a better chance meeting him one at a time Around the side of the house quickly then kept close into a long line of eucalyptus trees that ended at a crumbling building That had once been servants quarters After that it was only 20 yards of the water wheel 20 open yards the huge ancient circle of hand human wood that Complained against the side of a dreary squat stone mill that had long ago died of old age There in the faint half light of a hazy moon. I saw Toby Packler kneeling at the corner of the building and with both hands working furiously to loosen a stone the size and shape of a Football it was a gun on the ground next to her and move closer my hand tight on the 38 in my pocket And I waited till she had the stone out And that baby ends a six months old secret That wasn't bad aim just a warning Toby How do you know my name? I reach your mail? I get back over to your homespun safety deposit box there and take the jewels out go on all right. I Shouldn't my soldier you won't go any place with them Chip will see to that he'll They're gone. Get back. They're not here. I'll tell you do you understand.  Adam Escobar Esquire What do you know about Jules You see this back at night six months ago when you stood over there on the other side of the water wheel and told Bryant that you had hidden the jewels and would tell him where later on I was listening you know, they were here I'll tell anything to anybody It was of course quite by chance that I overheard you but after you had that accident with your car I searched as diligently as though I were a partner searched me specular for money That could mean so so much to me But I found nothing then where are they you ready to tell me where are they? Do you know that I see this hiding place? Yes It was where chip Ryan stood Therefore the jewels are no doubt buried What do you mean? I Think Toby that he killed chip Ryan almost six months ago and that he buried him here on these grounds without knowing the chip It already found the jewels what? Chip Dead quite dead. I Killed him two days after your accident. I found him searching for the jewel. No No, you're lying chip was supposed to go back to Los Angeles and wait until I was well wait for my letter He didn't Toby come out here found the jewels and was killed by our host No wonder I couldn't find them these months type search day in and day out scratch them dog in cold and in rain by Zoning by dog. No wonder. I buried them with him. Yeah, but you didn't bury his knife Did you that you kept and used on a little race tonight?  I pretty face is gone another step the man. I love Escobar turn around point that gun at me Now it's self-defense Toby Toby's a bad. Yeah real bad I Had so much once with face a Guy named chip Jules at everything I Was a big wheel Hortman the bookends will be sent out to you this afternoon at the latest Thank you for calling Goodbye I'm sorry to have kept you mr. Marlowe. I may be hard for you to believe But in the minute I was on the phone And even while I talked I Think I saw chip us whole life before me. I know what you mean Well, this is Brian.  Marlowe. What are you staring at? I Showcase there our mother's day display. It's attractive Isn't it? Yeah, very Mrs. Brian Chip was killed in a storm at sea of a week a week after you saw him It was off San Francisco. His body was never recovered. I Was told that he was on his way to a new job in Canada at the time and Incidentally that letter from San Luis Obispo that that was all a mistake That girl never saw a chip Outside I left my car where I'd parked it and walked through the busy city street You know, it's a funny thing Lies can cause more trouble in this world than almost anything else they say And at the same time And sometimes bring the most happiness The adventures of Philip Marlowe bringing you Raymond Chandler's most famous character star Gerald Moore Are produced in written by Norman McDonald and written for radio by Robert Mitchell and Gene Levitt Featured in the cast where Virginia Greg Joan Banks her Butterfield Louie Gene height Bob Griffin Howard McNeer and Lee Malar The special music is composed and conducted by Richard Iran Be sure and be with us again next week when Philip Marlowe said It started at dawn in a Los Angeles taxi and wound up that night on a cliff in the middle of the Pacific All because of a Dutchman with $50,000 a corpse in a lily pond and an Oriental with a chauffeur who wanted a cloak made of nothing but feathers This is CBS the Columbia broadcasting system


We have a few shorts now exploring the carnivore diet, which drew a lot of discussion on whether or not it was healthy. The truth is, I actually tried it last year in the summer to see for myself what it would do to my body. However, not long after I started, I worked with some DMT, and in opening up the field I was seeing visions of just massive amounts of animals going through grinders within my body, and I was perceiving that all of this suffering animal energy was just coursing through my veins. I also perceived that my energetic field was becoming weakened by having too much meat, and later on I found that Yogananda actually explained this really well.  Meat causes you to concentrate on the physical plane too much.  Later, I meditated on the reasons for why I was doing the carnivore diet, and I found it to be a mismatch. For some people, especially with physical health issues, it can be really helpful, but I didn't have any of those. So I didn't really need to do it.