We have Major Jim Uchoff. He actually started the 3rd Battalion 2nd Brigade, Missouri Militia here, this Eastern Missouri Militia. He actually started it 5 years ago. And he is Army, US Army infantry. He spent most of his time at Fort Myers, Washington, DC. After his service in the Army, he served as a police officer and a firefighter in St. Louis and St. Charles. So he's got all bases covered. This past Saturday, I met with the local militia group and that's where I met the Major. And we have several of our old people in this group. We have about five of us in this group who are participating in the militia. But Major Jim Uchoff is now going to tell us about the militia. He'll give us a... Okay, first of all, the Missouri Militia is... We are a constitutional militia. We're not the local guys that get together and want to overthrow the government. We are legitimately recognized by the state of Missouri. We're trying to get legislation passed to where we can own the name. There's a stigma over the name militia. Everybody thinks we're a bunch of bad guys. Right now there are five units that we are associated with in the state of Missouri. And we're trying to start up two more. One in Cape Dorado and one in Rala.  Being volunteer, nobody wants to step up and do all the work. I really don't remember five years ago how I got started. I got hooked up with a guy. Hey, what are you doing? He says, well, I'm looking for someone to take over and start this unit as well. I'll help you. Here you go. He moved to Kansas and he's gone. So I took the list of people that he had called them. We set up a meeting and we started a unit. And we've been five years now. We've probably got actually about 30 members, 10 to 15 active. Being volunteers, it's hard to get guys to come all the time. We try to train once a month. We mix it up. We train on first aid, firearms, search and rescue, communications. We've got five or six ham operators in our unit. We work real close with the Kansas City unit, Springfield unit and the Columbia unit. Radio back and forth, the comms guys are always getting together. We go to gun shows for recruiting and passing out information, getting people to know who we are and what we do. We've been working with local law enforcement on different search and rescues. We haven't gotten into any law enforcement yet. But we're working on that, trying to work with the local sheriffs. We were involved in a search and rescue out in Franklin County with the sheriff out there. We've been on standby for about three other search and rescues. All of us went down to Joplin. Our units took turns going down to Joplin, so we weren't all there at one time. What do we take down here, about 10 guys? Went down for the weekend. It was quite an experience for everybody. It was really sad. We also had a reporter from the Riverfront Times contact me and ask if he could go along and do a story about the militia. He got down there, he forgot we were even there. He did a story on the devastation in Joplin. About a month later, he did a story on us. It turned out alright. I was skeptical about a reporter hanging around, but I think he did good. He got a few facts wrong, but he did okay. We went up to Belfont neighbors after a tornado went through there. We helped clean that up. They had tree service guys coming through there trying to charge these people outrageous amounts of money to clean these trees up. We went through there in a day, cleaned them all up, got them out to the curb. The mayor was there, the fire chief was there, the police chief was there. They were all working with us together. They were all very happy that we were there. I've got letters from all of them. Anytime they need anything, they're on the phone to me. They call me. I've met with them several times. The sheriff out in Franklin County, I've been out there meeting with him. The St. Charles County Sheriff knows who we are. In the St. Louis area, they've got so many paid firemen and policemen and first responders that they really don't need us. We're going to be the last ones that they call. But they still know we're there. They know we're training. We're in good standings with the FBI. I meet with them frequently. They come to our meetings. Missouri State Highway Patrol, we're in good standings with them. Missouri State Homeland Security. Know those guys. Meet with them all on a regular basis. Most of our guys, every one of our guys goes through a background check. Either by getting a CCW or going out to the Highway Patrol and going through their background check. I prefer the CCW because then it covers them with concealed carry and the background check. Pretty much open to anyone in the state joining the militia. According to the Constitution, everybody in the state is militia. Including women. Including women. Oh, yes. Definitely. They're citizens. Sure. 17 years old. And we have women in our unit. And they're not the cooks. They're not the clean up. They're right out there with us. They're in the searches with us. They're in cutting the trees with us. We had it. We took a girl up there to Belfound Neighbors with us.  Now, it says there's an age requirement of 18 to 64. I kind of don't agree with that because I've had guys, Vietnam veterans come to me. Want to do something. I'll find something for them to do. I'll find them a job. The sign-in sheet you pass around. They sit at a table and make sure everybody signs in. They can check weapons. They can hand out water. I'll take everybody. I was taught there was a count of 55, but you said 64. It says 64, yes. What? It says 64. The age span was 1855, where I read. Yeah, the state constitution. Or state constitution. And the United States Constitution. Has an age. Has an age. We have these little handbooks that we go by. It's got everything in here about us. In the bylaws, it even states. So the constitutional authority of the militia from our U.S. Constitution would come from this? No. No, no, no. Maybe you'll get to that. I mean it, right? It's covered in the Second Amendment, but actually your state militia is governed by your individual states. Appreciate that. Each one is different. Each state has a different. There are some states that they say it's illegal to have a militia. I don't get that, because the Constitution of the United States says you can have one. You should have one. You may know more on this than I do, correct me if I'm wrong, but my understanding is historically the militia is any able body to a citizen that is not in the military. Exactly. If you're an adult, 17, 18, male, female, not in the military, some people would argue, especially years ago, over 65, you were no longer so much able-bodied. Who determines if you're able or not? Right. You know, I had another Vietnam veteran come to me, and he's both legs. He's in a wheelchair. I'll find something for him to do. Absolutely. I'm not going to tell him, no, you're worthless. You can't join us. Yeah. I'll find something for you to do. Come on. You know what? There's a lot of things he can do. He can teach us some of the things that he knows. And so that's one of those things going back to the Second Amendment and the wording in it, talking about militia. If you're not in the Army, if you're not enlisted, you are the militia unless you're a minor or senior citizen. The federal and the state statutes on militias, the National Guard is the organized militia. We are the unorganized militia. But you're regular. And between you and I, I think we're a little more organized than on some National Guard units I've seen. But that's neither here. They are governed by the government. One of the problems that we're having with getting this legislation passed is where do we draw the line on control? We don't want them to have control over us. We would like to get funding. We're trying to get it to where if we get called out like, say, Joplin, we get reimbursed for our gas, food, that kind of thing.  Be cautious with federal funding.  Oh yeah, yeah. That's why we'll keep the state. Yeah, the state level. Okay, I understand you keep it at the state level. In terms of the legislation you talked about, you also put in there on intelligence that will be up to date on that as well. That's going to be, that's probably one of those things that we have to work out with them. Yeah, how much they're going to, they will tell us. What we're looking for is we're looking for recognition. We're looking for them to say, these guys are okay. And if we need them, we'll call them. We were okay with calling them, that kind of thing. There are other groups out there that, you know, they're their own thing. And I don't associate with those guys. I've had FBI guys come to me and say, hey, can you give me a name? Nope, I don't know those guys because I don't associate with them. Find them on your own.  They've all had background checks. I know them. I know Mark. These two guys that brought with me tonight, Brett and Jeff Halfake, they've been with me for almost five years. I know them.   I don't want to go to jail. That's not what I'm doing this for. We try to teach the best we can, different subjects like first aid, firearms. We don't make doctors. But we have doctors in our militia, in certain units, and these doctors share things with us. But it's life or death situations. Some of us know how to do IVs. Some of us know how to do sutures. Some of us know how to do tracheotomies. We've been in the classes. Don't mean that I'm a professional at it. Don't mean that I can do it for a living. But if it's a situation like Joplin where we come up on our search and rescues, if we're the ones that find the person we're looking for, we know what to do. We know how to deal with them. We know the first aid. We know to stabilize until professionals get there. That's what we do. Any other questions?  No. No? Okay. I brought my little handbook here with me. One of the sections that we have in here is who we are and who we are not. And this is a lot of information that we put out. We do have a website. The number one thing is we are not anti-government. I might be anti with the government in the direction the government's trying to lead us, but I'm not anti-government. I believe there needs to be a certain form of government. Do you believe in the Constitution? Yes, sir. Here's the thing.  You cannot be pro-constitution and anti-government. It's one or the other. Constitution says there needs to be a government. Exactly. You have to have a government. Are you and Illinois taking on a similar project? No. Okay. You just need to move to Missouri. Anyway, you're my girlfriend. You'll be tag teaming me on that one. Now, there are militia units in Illinois that we associate with. They come and train with us. Okay. They're pretty decent guys. Okay. I don't know why they live in Illinois. From what they tell me, it's a communist state. It fits all the criteria. I'm glad to see they finally got their CCW thing in the works. I'm digging the details. You won't be so impressed, but we could save that one for later. They got to start. Yeah. The door is open. Okay. Okay. As a unit, everybody, we believe, as the Constitution says, we believe everybody has their own, their right to their own opinions. Who they should be, who they feel should be in our, in control of it. As a unit, we are apolitical. We don't back any certain person for any government office or anything like that. We stay neutral on that. Now, when we're in training and we're off talking amongst ourselves, you know, we talk about things like that. But as a unit, we do not get involved in politics. We're not racist. Anybody can join. We have women. We have black guys. Everybody. Anybody that is a citizen of the state of Missouri and a non-felon can join. We can't allow felons because it can't be around violence. We've kicked that around because I don't believe some felons are really bad criminals, but they're felons. We're not secretive. All of our meetings are open to everybody. They're open to the public. Open to law enforcement. I invite FBI. I invite highway patrol. I invite the local law enforcement to come to our training. Come to our meetings. That way they can meet us. They can see what we do. They can see who we are. They can see that our weapons are illegal. And that's how they get to know us. We train once a month on different subjects. This year we're starting a new training program. Every three months, we do a weekend. We go down to, we have a farm, a private farm. We go down there and we spend the whole weekend. And we just mix it up. We do all kinds of, we try to do scenarios. We try to do all different kinds of different missions that encompass all of our training. We teach guys land navigation, how to read maps, how to read compasses. I don't take them out in woods and get them lost, but we teach them how to do certain things. And we test them. Once a year, we have a joint training exercise, which is put on by the Kansas City unit. The colonel out there, he's former military. He's retired military. He hosts it. He puts it on. And he invites all the units in the state, plus units from other states. We've had Texas, we've had Oklahoma, Arkansas, Illinois, guys from everywhere. But before he invites them, he makes sure that they're on the same level that we are. You know, he's real selective about who he brings. And when I told him that I was coming here tonight, he says, Invite them. We like the old keepers. Invite them to our JTX. So you guys are all invited to come out to JCX in July. I can get that information to Doc. He can put it out to you. We get there, this year it's going to be in Springfield, right outside of Springfield, Missouri. We get there on Friday afternoon. We set up a camp. We have classes. This year is going to be mostly testing on what we've been teaching over the year. We do force on force. We do... The Doc puts on a very good medical class. One year he got a bunch of picnics from a slaughterhouse. And he had classes on tracheotomy. Showing you where to cut, how to cut, and stick a tube in there. We all got to do that. The next year he did IVs. He does shock. He does everything.   So we practiced IVs. What a great way to learn how to do that kind of stuff. Sure. And they set up a communications tent with all different kind of radios. I mean, these guys, they're talking around the world on this stuff. They put up antennas and they give classes on radios. Communications. We teach hand signals. We teach the phonetic alphabet. Military time. Because that's all things you guys use on your ham radios and communications. Oh, and the kitchen. We have a kitchen down there and we eat too good for training. There's guys that volunteered to do all the cooking. He did it for a couple of years.  And it's a cheap weekend. I think we pay five bucks per meal. And then I think the colonel asked for an additional five dollars for administrative costs. And it's a lot of fun. We do night missions. We do guard duties. We do perimeter security and patrols. We teach everybody all that kind of stuff. Any other questions? Yes. Yeah. Now, going back to what you were saying earlier. I'm all for the Constitution. Let's get down. What happens when the federal is... Remember, we're a state. We have to defend our state. We are a state. Okay. And... Like Doc was saying a while ago, or I think it was Patrick was saying a while ago, here just recently, the state of Missouri is telling the feds, stay out.  We won't allow it. We won't allow it. Yeah, it's coming up again. And as citizens, that's what we have to do. We have to stand up for our rights. Okay?  Someone asked me the other day, what would you do if you saw him kicking your neighbor's door in? Taking his guns. That kind of thing. I know my neighbor, so I know he's not doing anything illegal.  Cautiously. You don't want to run out there screaming at him and everything like that, but find out what's going on. Find out why they're in your neighborhood. Last election in St. Charles, they voted to take away our sheriff's department, change it to a police department. Okay? Well, when I first heard of this, I called the deputy that I know. And I said, what's going on with this? He says, call me at home tonight. I can't talk right now. So we got on my call and he says, no, it's a bad idea. He says the number one thing that makes it bad is they're taking the right of the citizen's vote away for sheriff. What they'll do is they'll appoint, if they go over to a police department, a board will appoint a police chief. The citizens can no longer vote on who their county official is. And then he just has to please the board, not the citizens. Exactly. He's become a federal entity. Right now he's with the sheriff. The sheriff stands between you and your federal government. The IRS cannot come in and audit you without talking to the sheriff first. The sheriff, he has to have probable cause. So he comes to the sheriff. The sheriff says, let me look at it. And then I'll get back to you. And they say, will you assist if I need your assistance? I'll call you. With the federalized police department, they said, go kick in Doc's door. They go kick in Doc's door. The sheriff stands between you. There are instances right now when we're in Colorado where the federal government is trying to procure land from the large landowners out there. They've already taken their cattle.  So you know, you're seeing these things taken. So you're finding out exactly who your sheriff is.  He's the high authority here in the state now too. Yes. In the county. In that county. If the president's Lebanese wants to come to St. Charles County and near no one would come through there, he said, you find another way around here. And that's just the authority that he has. But people don't realize that. And if people need to understand that, that's why you really need to get back with your, if you're saying, what was county sheriff? And really get that sheriff back in this county. Any other questions about militia? I'm sorry. Yeah, is that available for us tonight or no? I only brought one. It's a title of that. This is just, is this just something that we made? Oh. My sergeant major put this together. Actually, everything that is in this little handbook is on the website. Yes. What do you guys meet and how long? Once a month. Okay. Actually, for the next few months, we're going to really step it up to two meetings a month. And it depends on what training we're doing. If we're doing a classroom training, we try to get inside, especially this time of year. The last couple months, we've been out at Bush Wildlife. We go out there and we sit out by the lake. We've done some land navigation out there, set up courses around the lakes and through the woods. And I give the guys maps and compasses, give them headings and take off. And you should be back here in about an hour. When we do things like first aid, I'd like to do them inside in the classroom, wherever we can find a building. It's pretty tough finding a place sometimes, especially if you tell them militia, you know. We don't care a whole lot about right here. Well, thank you. I had a place over in Harvester and the guy sold it. So we lost that. I would like to stress that I know it's hard to do because of church and such, but if you notice that I haven't been to meetings a long time on Saturdays, because I work Saturday days, you can keep that in mind when you plan this training if I can attend the work here. Not just on Saturday days. It's hard. What I tried doing for a while and then I figured out it didn't work is we'll have meetings on days that suit you.  And so who do I... So what I have to do is this is what we're having a meeting. If you can make it great, if you can't, maybe I'll see you at the next one, hopefully, you know. So what we're doing, and that's one reason we're going to two meetings a month now, is the guys can make it this weekend, but not next weekend. Yes, sir? Is something like this work for you guys maybe and put it on the website? Possibly. That way the people who do miss them are still tuned in. This is good. Yeah, that's not the same. But this is not getting your hands on... This is not field stripping a rifle, okay? You can watch it. You can watch it on YouTube. But if you don't do it, you're not learning it. Okay? And that's one thing that we like to do, is we like to hands-on training. Would you like these field stripping my AK-47? Sure, go ahead. Oh, okay. I didn't know if that would, you know, everything's AR-15s or whatever. I've got both. I can field-dress them both. And that's another thing too. On our website, if you'll see on there, it says that every militia person should have a battle rifle. And they recommend ARs, AK, FN. I don't care what your battle rifle is. My restrictions are that you know how to operate it. You can load it, fire it, unload it, and clean it. That's all. I don't care if you have a shotgun. I don't care if you have one. It was your great-grandpauls from the Civil War, as long as you know how to operate it and take care of it. I have guys with shotguns. I have guys with 30-out-6 deer rifles. If I had funding or a way to get weapons and could issue them to you, then I would say you all have to have the ones I give you. But I don't. We have to get them on our own.  ARs are pretty complicated.  AKs don't. Ammunition. Some guys like the cheaper ammunition. Right now it's all pretty expensive. Whatever you... Anything else? I think that's it. Okay. Thank you. Thank you. On behalf of the St. Charles Oath Keepers, I'd like to present you with appreciation for speaking to us tonight. One of our Mola and Labe DVDs, which I think you'll like, because this is primarily about militia. Cool. Thank you. Thank you. As you know with our Civilization Preservation Program, we have a lot of overlap here with what we're doing as Oath Keepers nationwide, with what the militia is doing. And as I've mentioned before, rather than trying to reinvent the wheel, we can dovetail with some of these other groups, like the militia, I couldn't think of a better group to dovetail with. And we could take advantage of their expertise and do training on some of the things that we need to do as far as the scouting portion of our Civilization Preservation, like land navigation, also first aid, firearms. I mean, the whole program is right there in the militia. And so you're going to be hearing more about that from Oath Keepers, so I'll keep you informed on all that.


Oh, this is not good, bro There's curtains in this dark, you know, and there's curtains and it's dark out here. You're about to see some stuff moving around Dead silence number one scariest game on Roblox.  Realistic gaming and today we are back in Dead silence Roblox. It's been a while since I played this game I know I played it. It was like about a year ago That is a long time well a year has passed by and they updated the game They added like new sound effects to the game they added a new ending and this awesome lobby as you can see this lobby Was not here before it is brand new as you can see here It says that they're gonna add a new story to the game. So I can't wait for that I don't know when exactly let's check it out. Maybe if we go here. Will it tell us something? Okay, no, it doesn't tell you when it's gonna drop. All right So they had it a survive all they're gonna add a survival mode and they added a they're gonna add a minigame to the Game as well. Oh pretty strange, huh? All right. Um, so let's go inside of here. And yes I'm finally playing Roblox. It's been a while. Let's go over here. Let's go to a solo one. Oh my god I'm about to do this about myself. No, she took my spot. Oh, okay. Never mind Okay, do we jump on the boat get on the boat? Okay, there we go and off we go.  I remember when I first played this this was pretty scary And now I'm going in but myself I played with the person I think last time I played it like Barney a year ago as I said, right? Let's put our volume all the way up. Oh All right, here we go, man waiting for players. How is it waiting for players? If it's just me doesn't make any sense right mystery studio Presenting Dead silence. Oh, that's the same intro from a year ago. I remember this Okay, dead silence is sewer play. Oh Here comes in the scary the scariness, okay Keep in mind that that silence contains flashlights that silence also heavily aggressive with horror elements Please keep this in mind and progress at your own discretion. Well, say no more This seems like no challenge for me as I do not get afraid of these games Okay, um, oh Okay, we're in the sewer as it said that silence to sewer No, this is way different than it was before Looks way better now Okay, I'm missing person Leslie withers disappeared while patrol patrol car found abandoned on the outside skirts of town Oh wait, what happened to Leslie withers man? She has been gone. Nobody has seen her man. Where'd she go? Where did she disappear out to? Okay, where the heck am I going man? There's two logs, but where does what do I do? Oh, there's a door open Okay, nice. We just open it like that Well You guys hear that right It does not sound good. I need to find the hammer This door won't open great. Um, where the heck do I find the hammer down here? I'm in the sewers man. I'm gonna find his waist and poop down here Okay, where can I find that over there? I just heard it That a frog it is a frog Hello, mr. Frog. Oh Man, all right keep out. Well. Oh, there's two frogs. Oh Okay, there's a hammer we need a hammer Okay, let's equip it All right now we can go back and break down those planks That were boarded up Here you go Okay, bro. I have a hammer. What are you talking about right there? You go. Oh and off to the ventilation system This might be the worst decision we've ever made But here we go Okay, now we're in train tracks It better not be a train passing by bro because we're dead Okay, nice. Oh my god. There's what is going on over here, bro There's like some demonic ritual or something Oh, no Um, brian, there's a satanic ritual going on here. Who is brian? I'm going to need a hand.  Somebody's out here trying to summon the daemon man All right, let's keep on moving. Just hope we should go back. Let's go back Why did that scare me? Oh Oh Hello Wait, isn't it the phone call from fnaf when you're in the office? I think it is Seems like the signal down here is bad Why can't oh Dude, there was a trade Wait, is this a nightmare? Am I dead? I think I'm dead Hello Is anyone here? Dude, you guys hear those whispers? Oh man. This is not good I think this is the afterlife and that's where our licks are gloomy Okay, so it was a nightmare Thank goodness, man That was some type of nightmare of my head Where am I dude? We're linked in the in the cell Um, you seem to be lost until remember how you got here Okay, uh, maybe we smack our head against the wall or remember. Okay. We can't um Oh There's a note it says uh, my name is Leslie withers. I've lost track of the days The door just opened Um, can I please finish reading this letter? All right, um My name is Leslie withers. I've lost track of the days. I've been here My mind tends to wander far and deep as the ocean as I sink in water deep and deeper until it gets Nothing but darkness Throw me back.  Oh, we are in a cell. I just heard footsteps. Oh gosh This door won't open. Of course it won't Oh Why did the lights turn off? Oh death Death behind this door. All right. Well, I will not be taking that door. Let's go on this one Oh, this is not good, bro There's curtains and this dark, you know, and there's curtains and there's dark out here You're about to see some stuff moving around I saw that I think that was Leslie withers. Oh, that's that girl Mary, right? restroom um, hello Come in peace. Oh my god. This door locked too I do not come here to disturb The evilness within this room. I just need to get the heck out of here Oh my god. Why do the lights keep turning off? Okay, I heard something. I need to find the key. Great. Where the heck am I gonna find the key around here? Okay, let's have a look around Apparently we need some sort of key behind you. I'm behind you. Oh great Oh, you're not What a lie this game is a lie Okay, um Where can I find the key? In the restroom Okay, the door's locked. Maybe some parkour. Okay, you can't jump. Um I know it's got to be around. Oh, there you are. I knew it All right, now let's go open that room upstairs Shouldn't like the electrical room Okay, let's close the door. Can I close the door? Okay, no, I can't close the door. I'm sorry man. It just makes me feel safe every time you open the door You close it right behind you Can't be the only one. Um, what is that? Oh, there you go cell door uh Why only cell number one? Okay, I guess we go back to the cells Through that girl better not pop out again. It's locked I'm kind of scared right now I know she's gonna pop out. Oh my god. There is a skull Oh, great. And we're going where death is behind this door. I'm hearing some creepy noises I gotta get out of here before I'm next on the chopping board. Yo, what the heck is going on? Why is there a bunch of skulls here? You know what stop questioning and let's keep moving. Oh, this is not good Is that a mannequin?  Okay, we go up here. Okay go. Why isn't it climbing? Oh, not in the vents I feel like a rat in the vents now Oh, what we're back in the same room I don't know if you guys can see but there's like smoke in the game. That's pretty cool Like smoke textures. I don't know. It's just the little details Right mystery studios. It's like you're done. Wow When the The body just disappeared It was right here. Oh, no, they got dragged down here Oh, this is not good. Why am I following the blood trail? Oh, we made it to this part. I'm behind you.  You can't run in this game Okay, go go go hurry up Oh my god, okay, we just went up to a scary long dark hallway now. Oh my god I'm getting attacked by mannequins, bro Okay, uh, this door's locked. Oh, okay, this one's open. Who? I don't know. Who is it? Is there anybody outside? Okay All right, let's keep going this way Dude, what's up with the doors? They aren't just opened by themselves around here storage room This door won't budge. Oh my god. There's another skull right there Oh, there's lies. Uh Oh She was right there in the window The basements Am I starting to see things out? No, maybe Um, I need to find the key I need to find the key. Wait, wait. What did he say? I need to find the key for the basement door Oh my god. Okay. Where do we find the key? Maybe back in the storage room. Okay, no Dude, where do I find the key for uh, I just heard something Yeah, it sounds like the carpet is wet. Um Where do I find this key? Okay, I don't see any key around here I don't have my hammer. I need to find a hammer I had a hammer, but I don't have it on me For some reason Okay, I need to find the hammer and the key Oh Bro, do you know where the hammer's at? The door's too rusty to open. All right. I'm just gonna oh, oh wait. He had the hammer in his hands Okay Um, that is totally not creepy Dude, it's just standing there. Oh my god. All right, let's keep on going Okay, is it moving closer to me? Okay, I don't think it is. I'm just hallucinating now. Um, let's go. I'll break down these planks over here Just freaking me out All right There you go. Oh, do we fit here? Okay. That we were too fat, but I guess not. Um The key where is the key? I heard a laugh Yeah, no, thank you. All right. Let's go to the storage room now Oh gosh. Oh, no, this is oh, okay. This is the worst nightmare you can ever have Okay, you just need to hug. All right Dude, I heard footsteps man Oh, no, why can I turn my light on? I don't want to move because I feel like every time I move I hear like oh Whatever Um, oh great. Oh, there's something behind us Oh, look at the key just hanging there on the hook Totally not scary. Oh Okay, we need to go back I'm gonna hold my key in case someone jumps at me. I can stab them with it Dude, what is that noise? Okay, keep going keep on moving To not stop. There you go. We made it out. She better not pop out there Okay, thank you All right off to the basement. Oh, this is It's getting worse every every door we open it keeps getting worse Come on. Don't turn off. Oh, did you guys see that?   Oh my god. What are you doing down here mannequin? Okay, that is locked. All right, let's go for a swim then. Look at some of these mannequins They're everywhere. All right, let's keep it moving man. It's totally dark down here Um the cave or the door let's go towards the door might be locked. Of course it is I guess into the dark cave we go Totally safe. It looks like it's not about to come down on us, right? I think it collapsed any minute um Dude, I just got oh What is this place dude? I just got snatched into this Am I dreaming? Oh move over mannequins. I'm heading towards the door Dude, why is there so many mannequins in this room? Well, I thank you. How polite. Um Yeah, this is not good.  I'm calling it right now. We're gonna die Dude, why do the lights keep turning on? Oh, she's right there Run don't look back. Oh Dude, I can't run you can't run in this game.  You can't run. This is not fair They just set your boy up right now for death Oh my god, it is right behind us go Okay, I think we made it look back look back. You always oh my god door locked We are doomed Oh She do be lucky crusty though Dan thank you for playing that titans and even like if you enjoyed the game I've really left a like man, and I donated robux to support you guys Well, that is yet. I am kind of disappointed because we did not see her face. It was pitch black Like if we saw her face earlier was all bloody and stuff, but then at the end they didn't even show it Like that was the main jump scare man.  It is one of the best scary games on roblox Hey, what's up my boy? We got my boy right here. Oh, what's up with your face, man? He needs some milk. What's up my boy yeet? All right, man All right, you guys. Well, if you guys enjoyed the video make sure to slap the like button If you're new around here, make sure to subscribe and turn the notification bell on and hit all notifications And I will see you all in the next one. Bye


I'm going to be talking about audience research, and the title of my thesis is Audience Research for fun and profit. Rediscovering the value of the television audience. So before we start to get into the value of the television audience, I want to start by telling two stories. The first happened at above this time last year. The show Chuck, which is on NBC, was about to be canceled. And while Chuck had pretty low ratings, it had a very active fan base online. And those fans organized. And instead of just writing letters to NBC, which is what fans would usually do in this case, these Chuck fans organized online, and they decided to go directly to one of the sponsors, one of the advertisers on Chuck. Subway sandwiches. So thousands of Chuck fans all over the world on one day went into Subway and bought footlong sandwiches. They then wrote on comment cards at the Subway saying, I love Chuck so much. I'm really glad that you're sponsoring Chuck. Please help Chuck on the air, or something to that effect. They also wrote letters to Subway executives and to executives at NBC. And here, this is a quote from one of the saved Chuck websites. The intent is to let the network and their sponsor know that we've received their message. This is something a Nielsen boss can't do. This is a transition of fan loyalty into real dollars that NBC and Subway can measure. So these fans were really smart. They understood that to both NBC and Subway, they were really only valuable as people who buy sandwiches. So instead of just talking about how much they love Chuck, they made themselves very visibly into people who buy sandwiches. And it worked. NBC kept Chuck on the air for another season. They credited the fans. And they also worked out a deal with Subway, where Subway is now a more prominent sponsor. Because Subway saw the value of this audience and wanted to get more involved with Chuck. So the second story occurred at the same time last year at the exact same network, NBC. And what happened was NBC decided to forego an hour of scripted programming every single weeknight at 10 o'clock. So instead of having something scripted on, they decided that they were going to have a talk show hosted by Jay Leno, who used to host The Tonight Show and now hosts The Tonight Show again. And this case is just almost 180 from the way the Chuck audience was made valuable. NBC basically ignored the cultural value that anyone would have gotten from something they put at 10 o'clock and gave everybody a whole bunch of Jay Leno that they didn't really want. And the reason they did this was because producing a talk show is super, super cheap. So even if the ratings were low, they could recoup their costs and even squeak out a little bit of profit by putting Jay Leno on instead of an expensive scripted show. Unfortunately, because they ignored the cultural value that people get from programming, this plan backfired. This is one of my favorite of many state interviews of the Jay Leno show. Nancy Franklin in The New Yorker wrote, The forensic evidence so far indicates that a kind of death is taking place before our eyes. NBC's attitude toward the Jay Leno show signals a whole new level of indifference, resignation and laziness. So by ignoring the reasons why people watch TV and programming to their bottom line, NBC really messed this one up and managed to create what you can see in the weekly called the number one and biggest TV bomb ever. So these two stories illustrate to me that there's something wrong with the system in place that is making audiences valuable. Both of these sort of went around the system of meals and ratings to try and make audiences valuable in a different way. In Chuck's case, they were trying to translate their cultural value into that space. And in NBC's case, they were just programming to their bottom line rather than to people. So the first issue this raises is what I'm calling a crisis in innovation. And I'm not talking about technological innovation. Technological innovation is actually part of the problem, but I think that that is pretty much covered. I'm really talking about a crisis in innovating the relationships that make these business models work. So just briefly, here are sort of all the players in the television industry. A corner up there, you've got the TV audience. This big guy here in the middle is Mr. Nielsen himself who started the business of meals and ratings. Then you've got advertisers represented by Mad Men here. And the networks, the program, the shows. And then there's the cable guy in the middle who you use to respond to the content. So the way that the system has worked traditionally is that programmers create content that is then distributed to audiences, either through cable or through broadcast or satellite or whatever. Then the audiences are measured by Nielsen. So Nielsen essentially takes the audience, measures what it's doing, and turns that measurement into a currency that's called ratings. The networks then subscribe to Nielsen ratings, they give Nielsen money, and in return they get ratings. The networks then give those ratings to the advertisers that the advertisers use to decide where they're going to place ads depending on what kind of audience. So Nielsen here you can see is the mediator. The reason that happened is that Nielsen saw the need to create a currency because if the networks are measuring their own audiences, the advertisers aren't necessarily going to take their word for it because they obviously have an incentive to make the audiences bigger and better than they are. So Nielsen sort of stepped in as a neutral mediator. The problem is that with digital distribution, this system that sort of worked before doesn't work anymore because all of a sudden TV doesn't just look like that, but it looks like this. We've got video on demand. This is this South Park full episode player you can watch online. This is a Facebook stream next to a live stream of CNN. We've got mobile TV. And then what happens when people are doing all the stuff it wants? All of a sudden this currency that works and the traditional space doesn't work anymore. So I'm suggesting a few things to fix this situation. First, the actual corporate culture of these institutions needs to change. They need to reevaluate the relationships. Now they're still thinking of television like this. So when a new model comes up, when we have a mobile TV or when we have online TV, because that relationship is so complicated and took so long to develop, they're trying to just shove these new things into that old model. But that model was made for this and this isn't what TV looks like anymore. It's digital now and who's good at digital things? These guys. So you've got Sony making PlayStation, making Internet-enabled TVs. You have Amazon and Netflix who are both really good at making sense of data and curating that data and helping people find it. And then you've got Microsoft and Apple, which, you know, Apple just announced that they're starting an advertising platform. Microsoft's got one. Microsoft's also manufacturing hardware like the Xbox. So the challenge here with these other industries is really twofold. First, the television industry needs to look at these businesses and see what they're doing that the television industry isn't doing. And they also need to see these guys as viable competitors because everyone on the slide is getting into the TV business and is threatening to do it better than the current TV business. So the first thing I think needs to be examined is that they really need to find value in context. These are all valuable ways to watch television, but, you know, the mobile and online is different, and it's not better or worse, but it's new. And it needs to be looked at as a new site of value and it needs to be understood as such instead of just trying to make these things look exactly like TV. The second thing that needs to change is the role of the mediator. We have Nielsen here. You know, he's trying really hard to get all these data streams to make sense, but it's just not working with the old model. This is a quote from the chief research officer at NBC in ad age. He said, this isn't just about television. The problem extends across all media platforms and it's not about the lack of data. We're virtually drowning in data. And in case you want me to make that more clear, all of a sudden there are all these data streams that the programmers need to make sense of and Nielsen just can't do that anymore. So what does a new mediator look like? You may have noticed that Google was not on that other slide because they're here. Obviously Google has pioneered, you know, a different kind of advertising model. And Google's really just one example of how this can work. But the value that Google really brings to the equation is that while Nielsen makes data, while Nielsen takes what the audience is doing and makes it into a currency, Google does that but they also make sense of the data. So, you know, they give people actionable things and they also create a marketplace where advertisers and programmers can actually, you know, interact with each other through Google. Now I'm not saying that that's necessarily the answer, but it is one way to re-evaluate the world's mediator given the affordances of digital distribution. So I want to take a step back now and look back to the two stories at the beginning. I think there's also a big problem in how the audience is made valuable. You know, we have the Chuck audience that makes itself valuable by buying sandwiches and then the Leno audience which doesn't even really exist but is valuable because it includes the network's money. So I'm going to walk through a bunch of assumptions that have sort of evolved in the television industry and sort of push back against how these assumptions work. So the first assumption is that consistency in the ratings currency is more important than accuracy or more important of even knowing what watching is. So when Nielsen rolled out their people meters, which is the boss that sort of like makes ratings, all these families got people meters and then that was kind of it. There was a big study done in 1992 and they found that although they're given the responsibility for Nielsen family, an operational definition of watching is not provided to anyone in the household. So they have this thing that's supposed to be measuring how they're watching but they don't even really know when they're watching, what watching means. And the reason that that was okay is because as long as the ratings currency remains stable, that's more important than what's behind it. If there's basis for the negotiation, the market can run. But I think now with digital data, things are a lot more visible and we can see that well actually maybe there's better ways to quantify tension. So the next short cut assumption they kind of make is that a passive audience is the best audience. Like these people just sort of misrun by the TV. You know, it's really easy. I mean you kind of laugh but it makes sense that this would be the easiest thing to measure. And this is a quote from David Pultrack who's the chief research officer at CVS. He says, we all agree that the best technology is a totally passive system that doesn't require any interaction with the viewer. And that's because as soon as the viewer has to interact with it, has to do something, there is, you know, you run the risk that something is going to get messed up and the data isn't going to be accurate. So they've sort of been pushing toward more and more passive systems. And this next assumption goes along with that one, hands in hands. This next assumption is that the more scientific a method of measurement, the better it is. So this is actually from the 60s. It's an eye scanning thing that they would put in front of people's eyes and like watch them, watch television, see what was happening. And this quote here is from an EEG study that was done in 2004. They concluded, viewer engagement is highly covert in nature. Although it may have observable behavioral correlates such as direction of gaze, it is not itself directly observable by others. So basically what they're saying here is that you need to have some sort of scientific mediator between the audience and, you know, the actual act of engagement. Because, you know, again, people themselves can't be trusted to, you know, express their own engagement in any kind of way. So all of these assumptions have given us this operational definition of a television audience that really based on the concept of exposure.  The TV is on. That person has been exposed to the TV. That is the best we can do. It's the best we can give you. And that's the traditional way that television audiences have been made valuable. And I want to push back against that. So I'm suggesting that we move from exposure past the Internet idea of impression, which is, you know, basically another way of seeing exposure, to an idea of expression. And then there are, you know, Internet business models, obviously, that take that into account. Chuck here is really just a placeholder. Because we've got all different kinds of expression going on. Obviously there's, you know, fan expressions like this, like the Chuck example, which is very clear. But because we're dealing with digital data, there's now an active expression every time someone hits a button on their remote. You know, if you choose to fast forward a commercial, that's sending a message to the network and the advertisers. And that's all really valuable information that can help them learn more about their audiences. Same thing online with clicking. Obviously there are a lot of business models that have evolved around cost per click, cost per action, those kind of models.  And now this is sort of like what the value reconfiguration looks like. You know there aren't really any arrows like saying how this is going to work, because that's really the challenge that faces these industries. And that's what I go into in more depth in my thesis. But basically I'm saying these changes need to happen soon. Because we're now in a position where the cultural value of content just isn't in line anymore with the commodity value that the networks are placing on the audience. Now, you know, I don't know if we've ever been able to measure the commodity value or the cultural value that people get from content. But now it's just even more apparent that we're really not doing it right. Because we can see these visible manifestations because of network culture. So is there a way to measure and anticipate the cultural value that people are going to get from things? So here are just some recommendations. I like to use the term relevant audience instead of getting into the more nitty-gritty of exactly what you're trying to deliver because I think it's going to be different in every case. So first, I suggest looking at fans only as a first point of intervention. Because I think Flores just, you know, gave us a great presentation about how fans are not monolithic and how fan behavior doesn't necessarily reflect what the rest of the audience is going to do. I think fans are a good place to start because their behavior has always been more visible. So it's a good place to at least get into understanding audience expression. But it's not the only way. Use patterns is another thing that digital data can tell us. It tells us how people are watching TV. Again, it might not tell us what values are coming from it, but this kind of behavioral data is better than just guessing and better than just saying, well, you've been exposed to it, so it must have worked. And closely following that is this idea of context. It's more than just how people are watching, but it's also about where and when. I mean, we can see that people were able to stomach J-L-N-L late at night but got really mad when they moved to 10 p.m. And that's, you know, that's really an issue of context that, I mean, people, you know, should have been looking at all along, I suppose. But those are things that, you know, we really can't afford to forget. Again, context might not be able to tell us the cultural value of content, but it does help us know more about viewers. And then again, I just want to re-emphasize that the relationships here are really getting in the way. The way the industry is structured. And I'm suggesting that, like, these really cute baby animals, everyone needs to be a lot more flexible, willing to share. Because data, like, everybody has so much data now. And guarding that data closely isn't as important as it used to be because the key challenge is making sense of that data. So sharing, you know, as much as possible and trying to figure that out is really going to be the way to go moving forward. And then the last suggestion is to experiment. One of the coolest things about digital, especially online stuff, is that you can experiment in real time with almost real result, real time result. I mean, that's what Google does.   Once you've got your fixed cost covered, like, digital distribution is really cheap. And another cool thing about this is that though the online space is different from traditional television, the learnings that you get online can really be applied back to television since, you know, it's all digital distribution. So if you want to play around in a space where you're not making as much money and then, you know, apply it back to regular TV, I think that that's the wisest strategy. And that concludes my presentation. I have a question about, this may be a dumb question, but so when you talk about things like viewer engagement and these cultural, this cultural connection with, they're connected with the content. It seems like a distinction for me that's important, so I can only speak from my own experience, I guess, is the difference between content that is content and content that is ad. And my engagement with an ad on TV or an ad on Hulu or a pre-world ad or whatever is different than my engagement with the content. And it seems to be, I know we've talked a little bit about this, the ugly thing that people don't talk about is whether or not engagement with the content actually translates to any kind of engagement with the other thing. And I'm not sure what, in your suggestions now, mediates that gap. Like, I understand the gap, but how understanding people and their engagement with the content that is content, but what about the content that is an ad, right? Like, some way, for example. Right, well, I mean, that's always sort of the question. You really get into questions of advertising effectiveness. Like, does this actually work? And that's something that I don't, maybe people disagree with me, but that's something that I don't think anybody's really just definitively ever been able to answer. So then you get into more nuanced questions of branding. You know, if you, exposure models work really well for branding.  If that's all you want, like, how engaged you are with the content. But then these changes, especially things like fast forwarding, that kind of thing, but also given rise to, like, the new era of product placement. Chuck, again, is a good example. Now, because of the deal with Subway, there's a lot more Subway in Chuck. So it's kind of being integrated into the content. So then if you are engaging with Chuck, like, you can't help but see that Subway's also there. And whether or not that translation to purchasing is another issue, which I do go into in my pieces. There's sort of been a push in the advertising industry to get single source data. So, like, one provider will tell them, like, from the point of exposure, like, I saw a commercial to the point of purchase. I bought the thing in the commercial. They've been trying to get that kind of data. And there have been some, like, huge, huge notable failures on that front to do it. So, I mean, I think that I personally think that that kind of thing is silly and that it should just be reconceptualized and that advertisers really need to say, what do I want to get out of my advertising, right? Like, is this about exposure? Is it about branding? Or is it about direct response, which is something that you can do more, you know, on the internet with behavioral targeting, you can say, oh, you were just shopping for a flight. I'm going to, like, serve you an ad about a flight, um, you know, that's directly, like, targeted to you. And then I can see if you click on it or whatever. So, um, yeah, I think, does that answer your question? Yeah, I guess the question is, like, if I'm engaged with Chuck, for example, even at Subway, even if he's holding a Subway sandwich and the thing, like, if you want to cut it across where it lies, I'm not necessarily engaged with the sales that he's holding. So it seems like there's always going to be this. Yeah, I mean, there's always that disconnect, and that's what you have, is, like, an advertiser supported medium. And then, obviously, like, you can get into the discussion of, like, are there other business models that would better suit this, like, you know, subscription models or something. Um, Thanks. Alien? Um, something that you could expand on the difference between, uh, the types of content and how that was advertising, like you talked about, uh, a scripted show as opposed to a non-scripted, like, day-low, is it more specific to that kind of non-scripted show that you don't think the audience engagement was the same, or is there something like inherent in scripted shows that caused people to be more receptive to advertising? Um, I mean, in the case of Jay Leno, it wasn't, I'm not really talking about, like, engagement. I'm just saying that, like, the ratings were horrible, and that no one, like, no one watched it, basically. Which, it's kind of like, well, we're people, you know, the five people who did watch it, were they engaged with it? Like, does that even matter? Um, so, I mean, I guess that, like, that's a very interesting question, and you know, if you do look at fan communities, I think that they tend to form around scripted content more than around, you know, reality shows, although I guess it depends on the reality show, or other kinds of, um, like, I don't know if there's any big, like, talk show fandoms, except maybe Wendy Williams, but that's for, like, totally different reasons. Um, but that's, I mean, that's an interesting question, maybe for someone in fan study. There's not anything around that I know of around the talk shows.   What about the content? Yeah, the content thing is interesting. Um, there, yeah. Yeah, it's actually sort of a follow on, um, the next question that somebody has said and you bring their last statement and answer them about different models. And I guess what I was wondering is certainly I'm seeing more and more movement of people buying TV content the way they buy movies or books or music. And, um, I know it's beyond your study, but is there a chance that TV is just gonna go in that direction and stop doing advertising? Yeah, I mean, I think that that's, um, that's sort of one of the huge questions that's out there right now. Um, and I, I don't think so at least not yet. And because, because of, because of these relationships, um, like this, you know, these are the people who are making the content. And they have deals and they're actually getting money from everyone here except Nielsen. Um, so, you know, it's, it's, it's about more than just, like, oh, can we make a subscription model? It's about all of the fees that everyone is collecting from, um, people's subscriptions, um, you know, from advertising, um, and all of those deals. And, and syndication is another issue. Um, syndication DVDs filled, things like that. Um, so if, if you actually go to the industry now, it seems to be stepping back from that. We're hearing more about, um, authentication, which is something I actually do talk about in my paper. So, one of the ways that they're trying to make this relationship look the same online as on TV is they're saying, okay, you can watch TV online, but only if you already have a cable subscription. So, it's kind of like, we're no more hulu, like, you can watch my show if you already paid your cable provider for it. Um, and Comcast and Verizon have already, like, rolled out these programs where you have to go in and, like, authenticate yourself, um, improve that. Now, um, that's not to say that a subscription model may not take over. Apple has been working really, really hard. Um, because right now the cost of buying individual iTunes shows and getting a season pass for that is big costs more than, like, buying a nice box set of DVDs. So, most people, um, you know, haven't really adopted that yet. Um, but, I mean, I think that really, what needs to happen again is experimentation. So, you know, these guys do have, they can go out and say, like, well, what if we, you know, what if we make a cheap subscription of, like, one show? Like, let's see if people buy it. Let's see if people like that better than, um, you know, these authentication services or let's, you know, let's just see what happens. Um, and I really think that now is the time to figure that out before someone else figures it out. Um, and then, you know, disrupts the season more. Yeah, this is very interesting. And, uh, maybe take a last take. I was thinking, the response, last question too, just that once I could get rid of cable guy there and get everything by subscriptions a little less, no problem. It's done. But until, as long as there is these relationships, it's hard. Yeah. You can't get some of it. My question's actually something else. So, I think it's great. I mean, this idea that we're moving from passive and exposure and content as the measure of value to a kind of active relationship, uh, thing is really useful. And I, I, I, I keep thinking that I think there are historical examples of this, right? I mean, the anime shows that were canceled were canceled, not just because of ratings, but because people didn't buy the toys. And so there was that relationship already that what was valued was not just people watching, but actually had a lot of stuff. I mean, there wasn't selling the toys and it wasn't, it wasn't working. And so this, you know, there's a kind of history of prehistory to the digital moment. Yeah, absolutely. Um, but I guess, so my question though is then, how do we think of that relationship? I mean, I think that, I've been thinking about this too in terms of can we say things to the content producers or the networks even about piracy that gets them to think differently, right? But I've always thought that people pirating the stuff and standilating the manga and fansubbing the anime are really great valuable groups of people that they ought to be paying a lot more attention to and saying, yeah, it's not for your business model, but these are the people most committed to your stuff in an interesting new kind of way. So, and that's what I'm kind of thinking of. Is there something that your model says, okay, now you can see the value here that you've seen only as a loss of that? Yeah, that's absolutely true. And Henry has written about piracy as a market failure rather than you know, it's not anything other than a market failure. You have people who want your content who for whatever reason can't get it. Obviously, there are going to be people who don't want to pay or don't want you to go through channels, whatever, and they're going to pirate it, but I think that percentage is actually really very small. Yeah, and we actually just had a C3 research memo by Gail Bacovic about the same thing where she was suggesting you sort of look at what pirates are doing and say, well, what is it that they're getting from the content that we're not getting them? So, you know, one of the big things was, well, you know, it's a file that you can keep and, you know, you can archive it and you can also, there's also more interplay between devices. So you can, you know, keep pirate sending, you can play it on your computer, you can play it on your phone, you don't have to worry about all the DRM and stuff. So, you know, the fact that piracy is happening and that's how people are using it sort of suggests, well, hey networks, maybe if you made an option like this available, people might want it.  If I want to watch it on my phone, I have to download it and put it on my phone. So, yeah. Nielsen, who was like, nipping at it in heels, and besides like Google AdWords, what, what, I think you talked about that maybe in previous presentations, but like, I'm wondering who's going to push them out, or do you think it's going to be more dispersed? Like, I guess the idea is just not to have this one big company doing all this and maybe have different ways of measuring it. Well, yeah, I mean the problem is that you've got like different people measuring all this stuff. And Nielsen is also like trying to measure it. The, the thing that, I mean I don't think that right now there's like a clear if someone's going to take this over, but what I'm really urging the industry to do here is to not just replace Nielsen with Google, but to actually you know, think more about this relationship because you've got, you have someone here who's in a monopoly position, which I didn't talk about, but I do talk about in my pieces, that you know, it makes, as a monopolist they're pretty slow to change. They're not, there's, there's no incentive for them to be on the cutting edge of things, whereas if you look at a company like, like Google that's, you know, in a maybe increasingly less competitive search market, they're still doing things to innovate and stand on top of the things that Nielsen just haven't had to do, so I mean, I would suggest not just putting a new mediator in, but like figuring that out. Wait, I have bonus slides, I'm not sure who it is. They have like, oh this is my this is my methodology slide. This is my favorite slide I've ever made in a while. Cause it's well, cause I'm I'm like using a lot of like Marxism, but I want a job in the industry so I gotta like tone down the Marxism. And Marxism as like an economic theory is not like antithetical to making money at all, it's just a way to describe power dynamics, but I think a lot of people hear Marxism and they're like, oh my god you're a communist, but like, no. Good. Socialism is just a thing for narrow social networks.


After starting his 2019 season with the Tampa Tarpons in high A-ball, Davey Garcia has been with the AA Trenton Thunder for a little over a month. He entered the year ranked as the sixth best prospect in the Yankees organization, according to Baseball America, and his manager at Trenton, Pat Osborn, can easily see why. It's the mindset. It's the confidence he has in himself. He's not going to back down, even if one of those pitches may not be working that day, he's going to keep throwing it, because he believes in the pitch, he believes in himself. I'm just going to do my job, I'm just going to pitch there, no matter what happens, because I can't control everything. I just, I can't control what I'm going to do in the mound. That's all. I never worry about what's going to happen. Well, it's lighter, and that's what I want to be one of my best pitchers, because I really like it, and I always practice that pitch, I always like to use it. So I think that's, that is coming, it's coming very good. O2 coming, big curveball strike three call to the knees, beauty of a curveball. Having the stuff to excel is just part of the equation for any young pitcher. Garcia knows it's also vital to have the proper mindset whenever he takes the mound. I think what separates Davey is what he has in between his ears.  He's just a very, very different 20 year old starting pitcher. It's kind of just finding his way. We're here to kind of help him guide him along the path. But when you're guiding a kid like that, it's not a difficult task because he could probably do it without us. That's just the type of makeup he has, he's special.  And I always think about them, and that's how I get motivation to compete that night. I like to challenge, I like to compete, be there and compete and try to fight every time when I pitch. Garcia hails from the Dominican Republic, which has produced many great major leaguers, including his idol, a Hall of Famer.  I always like to watch videos of Pedro Martinez, highlights and before I pitch. I feel very proud of him. Two decades after Pedro crafted one of the greatest seasons any pitcher has ever had, Garcia wonders what it would be like to get the call to the majors. I would have the triple smile that day, and I would feel happy to represent the Yankees team in the bronze.


So today in this video we will be talking about analytics, Fox, softwares, interview questions and the interview process and this video was shared by one of our subscriber friend. So this video was sent us back in August 10th, 2021 and this was for a Java back-end developer role. So this is the mail that we have received. So this was for three-plus years experience of candidate and there were three rounds like the first round was a telephonic round which was a technical round, second round was a manager, manager round which was a virtual round and third was an HR discussion which was again a telephonic round. So this is the mail that we have got interview experience at Analytics Fox software, Java back-end role. Hi, I am sharing my interview experience with you which was conducted at Analytics Fox software and thanks for you and your team for the guidance on the interview questions. Details about the rounds and questions are below 95% of the questions from your interview series only. This interview was conducted based on three-plus years of experience. Once again, thank you so much and keep doing this type of great work to help other salary offered was 7 lakhs per annum. Please hide my details. So basically this was for three years of experience guy and 7 lakhs is a decent package I would say. So let us see the questions and before getting into the questions there is one important thing that I would like to discuss about. Do you know that lot of companies now offer jobs only based on your skills? So you don't need to worry if you don't have a degree from a good college or if you lack experience. Talent and skills is all that matters. If you think you have got all the relevant skills for a job in back-end development the guaranteed salary of a minimum 4 lakhs per annum for non-technical roads and 6 lakhs per annum for a tech trolls and this can go up to 15 lakhs or more than that. There is no age restriction to apply. Experience candidate can get up to 50% hike in salary by applying to their next job through re-level. I am going to share you with you two amazing companies that will hire you in just 15 days. The first company is Moengage. So this is a B2B SaaS based customer engaged platform and you can see the team size is 200 to 500 and CTC is up to 25 lakhs per annum and the headquarters is San Francisco. The other company that I would like to share is Dukan. You might have definitely heard about this app Dukan which this is an Indian based app. So the team size is 50 employees. CTC that can go up is like 9 lakhs per annum and the headquarters is in Bangalore and you can go through this site. You can get to know more about this and who hasn't heard about these two companies. These companies are now hiring freshers and people with no experience through re-level by an academy. All you have to do is register for the re-level test which is totally free of course. There is a simple way to register. This was shared in the previous video as well how to register. The registration process video will be attached in the description as well and you don't need to have a video resume required anymore. You can have a look at re-level achievers twitter page as well where you can see people who have achieved a good score in re-level test and have got their dream jobs. The best part about re-level by an academy is you don't need any specific qualification. Just the re-level test which is free of course and it is open for all age groups. Re-level achievers who have switched jobs have really got more than 50% of salary hikes and video resume is also not required. So what are you waiting for? You can register through the test and take the test of your convenient time. The description to the re-level site is there in the description. So don't miss this golden opportunity. So guys coming to the first question it was related to immutability concept. So questions were like what is immutable in Java and conditions of immutable. Specifically she wants to know about Gator and Setter methods and immutable. So for this question you can answer this in this way. So immutable class in Java means that once the object is created we cannot change its content. In Java all the wrapper classes like integer, Boolean by short and string are immutable. So how to create immutable class in Java? We can declare create our own immutable class as well prior to going ahead go through the characteristics of immutability in order to have a good understanding while implementing the same following a few requirements. The class must be declared as a financial so that the child classes can't be created. Data members in the class must be declared as private so that the direct access is not allowed. Data members in the class must be declared as final so that we cannot change the value once it has been assigned. The parameterized construction should initialize all the fields performing a deep copy so that the data member that can't be modified with the object reference. Deep copy of object should be performed in the Gator method to return a copy rather than returning the actual objects. And if you want you can answer this as well. What are the advantages of immutability? So immutable objects are thread safe. You will not have any synchronization issues. Immutable objects are good map keys and set elements. Since this typically do not change once created immutability makes it easier to write use and reason about the code like class invariant is established once and then unchanged. Immutability makes it easier to paralyze your program as there are no conflicts among the objects. The internal state of the program will be consistent even if you have exceptions. Reference to immutable objects can be cashed as they are not going to change. So this is the answer that you can give for like on the immutability concept in Java. Coming to the next question. So what is multithreading and synchronized keyword? For that we can answer it in this way. So multithreading in Java. So multithreading in Java is a feature that allows concurrent execution of two or more parts of a program for maximum utilization of CPU. Each part of such program is called a thread. So threads are lightweight processes within the process. And coming to the synchronized keyword in multithreaded programs may often to come into a situation where multiple threads try to access the same resource and finally produce errors and unforeseen results. So it needs to be made sure by some synchronization method that only one thread can access the resource at a given point of time. Java provides a way of creating threads and synchronizing their tasks by using synchronized blocks synchronized. So synchronized blocks in Java are marked with synchronized keyword. A synchronized block in Java is synchronized on some object. All synchronized blocks synchronized on the same object can only have one thread execution inside them at a time. All other threads attempting to enter the synchronized block are blocked until the thread inside the synchronized block exists the block. So this was about the synchronized keyword and multithreading in Java. So coming to the next section of fashions, exception handling, how can we handle exceptions in Java? Can we have try block without a cache block and try with the resource? For these things we can answer this in this way. So what is exception handling? An exception is an unwanted event that interrupts the normal flow of the program. When an exception occurs, program execution gets terminated. In such cases we get a system-generated error message. The good thing about the exception is that we can handle it in Java. By handling the exceptions we can provide a meaningful message to the user about the issue rather than a system-generated message which may not be understandable to a user. So how can we create, how can we handle exceptions in Java using try cache and custom exceptions? And can we have try block without cache? Yes we can have. It is possible to have a try block without a cache block by using a finally block.  Try with resources. In Java try with resources statement is a try statement that declares one or more resources. The resources is an object that must be closed after finishing the program. The try with resources statement ensures that each resources is closed at the end of the statement execution. So this was about the try-cladge and exception handling. The next section of questions are from collection. What is collection framework? Difference between hash map and hash table, what is the best collection? So collection framework you have to explain the entire hierarchy of the collection like which interface is what is extent, what is implementing which interface, which class is extending, which class, what all comes under list, what all comes under set and why map is not under the collection framework and all those things and coming to the hash map and hash table differences. So we can state it in this way. So hash map is not synchronized, it is not thread safe and cannot be shared between many threads without proper synchronization code whereas hash table is synchronized, it is thread safe and can be shared with many threads. Hash map allows one null key and multiple null values whereas hash table does not allow any null key or value. Hash map is generally preferred over hash table if thread synchronization is not needed. So this was the difference between hash map and hash table and coming to the next section of questions. Difference between a thread controller and rest controller and what is component, a thread component annotation. So basically the difference between the thread rest controller and controller is one is from spring and one is from rest and if we told we are using a thread controller then we need to specify a thread response body but whereas if we are using a thread rest controller we do need to specify the thread response body and if thread components can you need to explain about that thing and coming to the next section of question. Difference between hibernate and jpa difference between primary key and unique key basically the difference between hibernate and jpa is nothing but jpa is the specification and hibernate is the implementation and coming to the difference between primary key and unique key we have the answer primary key is a column that is used to uniquely identify each table of table it is used to add integrity constant to the table only one primary key is allowed to to be used in a table duplicate and null like empty values are not allowed not valid in the case of primary key. Primary keys can be used as foreign keys to others tables to whereas coming to unique key is a constraint that is used to uniquely identify table in a table or in a row in a table multiple unique keys can be present in a table null values are allowed in case of unique key this can also be used as foreign keys to another table. So these were the questions this was related to hibernate or like db related things we can say is the next question is really was on query I believe yeah my sql query to get second highest salary so our friend has already shared the query as well so select star select employee dot salary from employee order by employee salary dsc limit 1 comma 1 and this actually doesn't work in all the situations so we have to use other way as our friend shared we are sharing this or this is not the perfect solution for that and coming to the next question so these were the managerial round interview questions so these were the questions like three questions like some scenario based questions were asked give the situation and given the situation and ask what should be the workflow explain in detail every step I have extreme to him write a program to get the frequency of numbers inside an array so this is a program also that he has been given the program is having array of integers so we have a friend has used java 8 streams java 8 concept like group by and identity and counting so this was already shared on our channel as well so you can go through that video as well so these were the questions guys that were shared by our subscriber friend I hope you have liked it and it might help someone at least please do like the video if it is an helpful video for you and here is the complete mail that our friend has sent to us you can go through it hard for a minute and you can go through it like we have already shared all the interview questions you can go through that as well so this is it so these were the questions that were asked at analytics fox and if you are on a channel for the first time and if you wonder what we are and what we do so we are basically a base bunch of software engineers what an interview is a different companies and share our real-time interview experiences through these videos you can visit our channel and you can get benefited of the videos that has already shared and because a lot of people do comment on like a lot of people do mailers like thanking for sharing the interview questions that are helping out and if you want to share your interview experience you can share it you can mail us your interview experience at the email edit that is there in the descriptions so if you haven't subscribed please do subscribe like share provide the feedback in the comment section and thank you for watching


completing the square addition. Consider the expression x squared plus 6x. We can think geometrically about this as a square of side x and a rectangle of side x and say width x and length 6. Now if we cut this rectangle in half and put one of those strips here, all the dimensions of this strip are 3 times x and we put the other strip here, 3x. We have almost formed a new square, a larger square of dimensions x plus 3. But we need a little piece. We need a little square with dimensions 3 times 3. That is, we need nine square units. So now we have made a square with dimensions x plus 3. How does this relate to this? Well, x squared plus 6x. When we add nine square units to it, this is equal to x plus 3 squared. So can we use this to solve a quadratic equation? Consider this one. This looks very similar to the previous expression, although now it's an equation and we have this one here. Let us first move that one over to the other side and we know that we can complete this expression. We can complete the square by adding 9 to it. That is 6 divided by 2 is 3. 3 squared is 9 and since we added that to the left hand side, we added to the right hand side of this equation and we have that x plus 3 squared is equal to 8. If we take the square root on both sides, we get that x plus 3 is equal to plus or minus the square root of 8. That is, x is equal to negative 3 plus or minus the square root of 8 is 2 square root of 2. So we have two values for x. x is negative 3 plus 2 square root of 2, or x can be negative 3 minus 2 times the square root of 2 and those are the solutions to this quadratic equation which we have solved by applying the technique called completing the square.


Russia's M4 highway that links Moscow with the country's southern cities, including Rostov-on-Don, was blocked on June 24th Reuters video shows. A large number of vehicles were seen standing still, not being able to drive north in the direction of Moscow. In Rostov-on-Don, troops and various armored vehicles of rebellious mercenary chief Yevgeny Prigazin were seen in the center of the city. The dramatic turn, with many details unclear, looked like the biggest domestic crisis Putin has faced since he ordered a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, which he called as special military operation, in February last year. In a televised address, Putin said that excessive ambitions, invested interests have led to treason, and called the mutiny a stab in the back.


side count is 51, but I only have 15 minutes, but I promise I'll keep this very quick. So essentially my research is made up of different problems in stochastic mechanics and statistical physics that were merged together to get this problem. So here are the different problems that were merged together to get this specific problem versus the problem of the random walk as you all know. It's going by Carl Pearson and here's a simple implementation of a random walk in 2 degrees, showing in Figure 2.  We can actually extend that further by extending that plane into a graph. So a graph is a structure made out of nodes and edges shown here in Figure 3. So the red dots are the nodes while the black lines connecting these dots are your edges. When you, instead of having a die that has a constant number of sides, you would change this die at each of these red dots. So how would you change them? You would change them by increasing or decreasing the number of sides of this die depending on the out-degree of the node which refers to the number of edges that bleed out of these nodes. So the out-degree is given by the case of i plus while the probability for the walker to move to adjacent nodes is given by its inverse. Now we want to compute for these two quantities that relate to random walks and graphs versus first passage time or also called hitting time. This is the number of steps before a walker is starting node i to reach a target node y while the other one is cover time which is the number of steps it would take for the walker to reach all the nodes in the graph. And then we extend this another even further by considering that the random walk would reset. So resetting would mean that the walker has a probability to move back to its to its initial position at any point during the walk. So here in our figure we have a one-dimensional random walk and at some point in time there is a probability for the walker to move back to its initial position shown by these red dots red dotted lines in the figure. So what are possible applications of resetting random walks? Well we could simulate ecosystems in biological behavior. I had a question for you regarding the resetting. Is there some threshold on the timescale one puts for it to go back to its initial position? Oh for this specific problem there's no specific threshold there's just a probability for it to go back. So there's a set probability. And it can happen over a range of timescales then? Yes. You assume it's a Poissonian process so it's an exponential right hand. So possible applications of resetting random walks would be with simulating ecosystems, optimizing search processes and algorithms, describing diffusive processes, a neural spiking activity, and back to square one mechanics in board games for example. So we extend this another time by considering continuous time random walks. So continuous time this means that the walker is subjected to a waiting time so it waits for a physical amount of time before taking a step. So this waiting time is obtained from an independent random distribution. So now we move on to our formulation of the problem. So we begin with a graph G and from this graph G we obtain a transition matrix capital M here. And this transition matrix is a matrix of probabilities given by this equation one here. It's dependent on the out-degree of the node. We have this simple example here for node graph in figure six. This has the corresponding transition matrix in equation two. Now we want to include resetting on this on this graph here in figure six. To do that we have to modify the transition matrix as well since you're modifying the graph. So to get the transition matrix for a resetting random walk, we take these conditions from equation three. And from our example earlier in figure six, we have now figure seven that demonstrates a resetting random walk where the walker starts at node three. So this has a corresponding transition matrix given by equation four. Now we extend this to continuous time. First we suppose that the walker moves within a physical time t and t plus delta t. This waiting time is obtained from an independent and identically distributed variable phi where we for this problem assume it to be exponentially distributed given by equation five. So from these two distributions here pi of n t and capital phi of n t minus t prime where pi of n t is the number of steps taken by time t from taken from by time t sorry and capital phi n minus t prime is the probability that exactly n steps were made by this difference time difference here. We obtain this simplified distribution since we assume that small phi is exponentially distributed. And from here we obtain the probability mass function the continuous probability mass function for continuous time random walks given by equation nine. So this small p of n here this is the discrete time counterpart of the probability mass function. So what we'll do is we solve for this small p of n for hitting time and for first passage time and copper time. So now we move on to first passage time. To do that sorry so we have two minutes you know for yeah yes yes. So we compute for first passage time by modifying this graph the graph once again and by modifying the transition matrix and we obtain these two cumulative distribution functions and probability mass functions and that essentially again modifies the graph and modifies the transition matrix and we obtain these these plots. We can use the equation earlier for continuous time to simplify this and obtain a continuous first passage time with the corresponding cumulative distribution function and they have these plots as well. Now moving on to cover time we first discussed the concept of first passage time of union of events which means that the walker has to reach to hit all the nodes in the graph individually for it to of course cover. So you take this union of hitting all of the nodes in the graph so that you would get the you would get the eventual eventual expression for the cumulative distribution function of cover time. So we have this these two plots here for the CDF and PMF of cover time since of course these these are just very simple graphs it's not there's not much of more unique behavior so we tried this actually on we tried this actually on randomly generated graphs of course our real life systems consider this formulation here in equation 20 is not actually that efficient if you increase the number of nodes in the number of the number of nodes in the graph so we actually formulated an approximation to this equation and we found alternative computations for obtaining the cover time for graphs that have a specific configuration so we considered the bias path graph, bi-circular graph, and the complete graph as well. So these have different different formulations for cover time that are much more efficient than this more exact equation here in equation 20 but this is nice because we have a baseline comparison using this inclusion exclusion of multiple events. So all in all in my research we have discussed the effects of adding a resetting mechanism to the CDF and PMF of first passage and cover time as I just discussed quickly earlier we've applied an approximation on the expression of cover time and we've found alternative alternative formulations for cover time for the biased path biased circular and complete graph and finally we've devised computational methods that will compute for the CDF for cumulative distribution function and probability mass function of random walks with stochastic resetting on graphs so we've made a method that would accommodate how many increase an increasing amount of nodes but of course again without using the approximation this would become more and more inefficient. So we've concluded that adding a reset mechanism affects the mean first passage time and cover time depending on the initial position of the walker we found out that it generally increases the mean first passage time and cover time as you increase the resetting probability which is expected and the second one is an odd event pattern was almost always seen in the discrete probability mass functions and this is dependent on the topology of the graph and the shortest hit distance possible so that's all for my talk I think so now if anyone is interested to ask questions hello hello hello can I ask a short question we cannot hear you Ali I'm sorry Ali Najee we can't hear you can you hear me now yeah yeah yeah we are yeah we are at 13 minutes we can we can accommodate one quick question a real quick one has someone had one was that I ask if I can ask a short one yeah Maria yes please yeah I'm sorry do you know what the distribution is the distribution of the cover time you showed oh yeah this one yeah yes I'm sorry what do you know what the what sort of distribution it is um well it's dependent heavily on an exponential distribution so you have these very long tails here that would um that would actually approximate sort of and uh and exponential distribution but it doesn't look like gamma right it's not a gamma I don't think okay so yeah we can continue