I'm not only the only person talking, I've already did my introduction, so we're going to go directly into this session. So today's session, we're going to just discuss introduction to statistics with mostly will be your study unit one from your study guide. You don't require any calculations or calculators, so this one should be easy, straightforward to go through. And because we just going to introduce some of the concepts that you need to know as you develop or as you go through the entire module as well. So the lesson for today, we're going to just do an introduction to statistical methods in order for us to understand how to analyze your data. And we're going to also understand some of the characteristics of the data. We are going to look at also some of the types of variables and also the levels of measurements that you because in order for you to understand statistics, you need to first make sure that you understand the basics of it. These are the building blocks because from here, everything that we talk about today, you need to remember it all the time as you move along. You need to always remember what is the population, what is a statistic, you need to remember what is a qualitative data, what is a categorical data, what is an ordinal data and all sorts as we move along. So we're going to carry those concepts throughout. There will be some activities I like giving people work to do so that you learn by doing things so that you always remember how to solve or how to answer your questions as you get them in your assignment. So I've got a lot and a lot and a lot of activities that we're going to do as a group. If time is allowed, you're going to also have your few minutes to answer them and then we come back together as a group and have an engagement and discuss around the questions as well. Okay, so where statistics is located? You need to understand that for you to be able to make decisions, they should be a process and this process usually should be a scientific process so that people cannot argue with whatever you are presenting. So in terms of this scientific process, it always begins with asking the research question and usually that research question is accompanied by assumptions which are the claims that you are making which are the hypothesis. As you can see, I'm already, those who are already repeating this module, you will understand where I am going with this. In order for you to answer those hypothesis or to answer the research question that you have and have those hypothesis that you want to test or your assumptions that you want to test, you need to collect information. And once you have collected that information, you cannot just collect it and put it there. You need to analyze it to find insights, to find information that will help you make a decision. And once the data that you've collected or the information that you got does not answer your hypothesis, you can go back and revisit your assumption and maybe change or adapt your assumption because the information that you have does not support that. And then you start again, you collect, you will go and collect new data that will, and that is the cycle that we go. Where statistics fits in in all of this because my role at this point is not to get you as well because hence the sessions are called statistical literacy. So I want me to help you understand what you are studying has an impact on your day to day job as well and can help you in your day to day job. So I want, by the end of this session, I want you to fall in love with statistics and want to continue in this career or want to use it, use statistics. Statistics plays a role in so many things in life. So there are key areas of statistics or elements that you need to understand how they fit in together in statistics. The first part is the data management where we collect the data and do that. So there are people who plays those roles. For example, I'm a business intelligence data architect at UWC. My role is to do data management. But I also play a role in producing the statistics in the analyzing of the data, presenting it in tables and chart in manipulating it into statistical hypothesis and testing the hypothesis, checking the correlations and so on, which are inferential statistics. I'm also responsible for presenting that information so that the executive can be able to consume that information and make relevant decisions. So my role plays around all this, but mostly within statistics we talk about two and three, but you can see that it encompasses multiple areas, which is also data, which is also presentation. Because you cannot just do the manipulation of the data and get them into a report and never share the results. You cannot be able to do your statistical analysis without you seeing the information, the data, understanding the types of data that you have. And all of that also are included in the processes of statistics. So why, what is statistics? Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting data to assist in making more decisions. So you source the data, you enrich the data by putting it in nice graphs and calculating the mean, the standard deviations and presenting that in tables and presenting them as in the dashboard format or tables or charts. And then you give it for people to make informed decisions. That is the process of statistics. Why do we study it? Data is everywhere. We know that statistical techniques are used by many, many, many government departments, many organizations, hospitals, schools, companies like banks and insurance. They wouldn't know and understand their clients and what they need to offer them if they don't use the data that they have. So if in our day-to-day life, we're not also using the data to make decisions about how much is going to cost us in this month, next month, all those.  They help you make a decision that is part of statistics. You use it in your day-to-day life as well. Statistics is also a method that helps people, companies and everybody to make effective decisions. Those effective decisions, for example, if you work in an insurance company, let's say probably, let's talk about KZN. KZN had the flats and all those things, right? First it was the looting, then the flat, happened in KZN. If I was an insurance company, if I didn't know my clients and the areas and all that, I wouldn't have prepared a risk cover for my clients to say, people, when you're building bends, you can ensure your company for this much so that you can recover the costs after the bending of your business, all those. In order for a company to understand what the risks are and how much to cost the company, they need to collect more information about the type of a business it is, make some calculations. For example, one of the calculations we're going to talk about them is the coefficient of variation, where it looks at the variability of or the likelihood of something costing you more money than the other. So they use those kind of calculations to make those effective decisions. We use statistics as well to help us predict the future. For example, those who work in the weather stations or the company that monitors the weather, they most of the time predict the weather, which are the weather forecasts that we always go and watch. They use some sort of statistical techniques to come to those forecasting like your time series or they can use, there are so many other methods. I don't know what they use to forecast the weather, but they use those type of statistical techniques to make estimates in terms of whether it's going to rain, whether it's going to be cold or hot and so on. So it helps in predicting the future. So there are two branches of statistics and you can stop me if you don't understand. There are two branches of statistics. The first one is a descriptive statistic. A descriptive statistic is a method that you use to describe your data and you describe your data by means of summarizing it in tables and charts and presenting it in a way that it is more appealing and easier to consume for the users. So with descriptive statistics, it includes also the method of collecting that information from the surveys, from the administrative systems that you have or CRM systems, which are called customer relation management systems. Most companies have them or from your operational systems. Those who work in the tools, you will understand those who are cashiers. The items you put, the bug code you scan through, those are operational systems or we call them CRM systems, where they help capture the operational data that we use and you can summarize that information to understand the sales processes, to understand when do you sell more, what is the most bought item in the store and so on and so forth. You also analyze that data, you can present it in terms of tables and charts. The second branch of statistic is what we call inferential statistics, which is the method used to determine something about the population from the sample. We're going to talk about what is a population, what is a sample later on. So with inferential statistics, there are two methods that you can use in inferential statistics, which is the estimation where we estimate and we're going to talk about this when we do the confidence interval. And there is the hypothesis testing. How does this hypothesis testing and the hypothesis that I spoke about? So remember the hypothesis that I spoke about is just a statement that you do, which is the assumption. The hypothesis testing also is a process. It has six steps. We're going to learn about it in Chapter 9 or I think Study Unit 9 that you are doing. So there is a section, beautiful hypothesis testing, where we test the claim that you have made and see if we can accept that claim or reject that claim. And inferential statistics is a process of drawing conclusion or making decision about the population based on the sample. And we're going to talk about this just now shortly. So we introduced the concept of population and sample. Population is a set of all elements or subject that you are interested in studying. So all of them, for example, everybody in South Africa will be a population. That's a population of South Africa. But also if I'm interested in studying Western Cape, I can define my population as everybody who stays in Western Cape. So Western Cape population, that is my population. So all elements of interest that I am interested in studying become my population.  Hence, we make use of this subset to test the claim and make a decision. And that subset is called a sample. And a sample, because it's just a subset, helps us because it's small. We are able to collect the relevant information that we want and analyze it, present the data, and use the inferential statistics to infer back. Because once you test that claim, you can infer back those results. So when we collect information from the population or the sample, when we start calculating and manipulating this and creating the calculation, where we calculate the mean, the standard deviation, those are what we call the measures. When we create those measures, we are then creating what we call parameters if we create those measures from the population. If they come from a sample, we call them statistics. And statistic is the study of manipulating and summarizing the data for decision making because we're going to use statistics to infer back to the population. So measures coming from a sample are statistics from a population are parameters. We need to remember those two things. Later on, when we do the analysis of data, then we're going to talk about the parameters and the statistics. What are the differences and how do we calculate them? Because there are two different ways of calculating or they have different formulas to calculate the parameters and to calculate the statistics. So now I spoke about you collect data. Now, because we use this interchangeably, data variable. I'm going to tell you that instead of using data because data are units, we're going to talk about variables. When we collect variables or data or variables because the data that we are collecting, it comes from a variable. What is a variable? A variable is a characteristic that describes that subject or interest. For example, a person is an entity. It's a subject. If a person is a subject, the person is made up of variables. Now you are not made up of data. You've got data, but you are made up of variables because the variables describes the characteristics of you as a subject.  The entity you are, for example, the gender that you encompasses, the gender that you are is a variable. If you are merit, we say the merit status is a variable. From those variables, we do get some units and those units, that's what we call date. For example, the color of my hair, my variable color of my hair. The color of my hair has data units, which are brown, maybe blonde, red, black. Those are the colors of the hair of different subjects. The type of vehicle is a variable. Data will be VW, not the type, the mode, the make. The make of a car or the type. Let's use the type, the brand. The brand of a car will be VW, Toyota, Mercedes and so on. Those units are called data. They are values associated with the variable. And you always use variable and data interchangeably. And from there, we're going to learn about the types of variables, because you need to understand the type of variables in order for you to be able to manipulate it. In order for you to be able to summarize this, you need to know what type of data you have and what type of variables you are working with. So there are two types of variables. There is what we call a qualitative variable, or we call it also a categorical variable. I mean one and the same thing. These are variables that you can put into categories, like the color of my eye, medical status. Those, I can put them into categories because the data that comes from there, I can group them into those different categories. Brown eyes, purple eyes, red eyes, black eyes and so on. We also have the other type of variable, which is quantitative or what we call numerical variable. And these are the variables that you can either count or you can measure. If a variable can be counted, we call it a discrete quantitative variable, like the number of students I have in my class, the number of books, the number of modules I'm studying, the defects per hour, so where you are counting how many defects you get from a factory, if you work in a factory and the bottle doesn't come out straight or when you are making cups, some of the cups do not have handles, those are defects or they've got chips, those are defects. If you work in the factory, I like going to those factories in Cape Townway. They sell the defects from Woolways and all that and because you buy those, the defects are not visible in the naked eye, but in a factory where they sell, the service is to sell 100% guaranteed good service to their client. A small defect for them, it's a defect, so you go there and you buy those defects. So you can count how many defects you get in your factory in order for you to fix the processes. So I'm deviating from what we are discussing. Those that can be measured are now called continuous quantitative variables and those are the variables such as your height, your weight, your age. Age is measured, you measure age by the second you are born, by time, by day, by month and so on. Those are the types of variables. We also have what you call the levels of measurement and with levels of measurement, they've got the ranks as well because there is the ones with the lowest and there are those with the highest levels. The lowest levels are from the categorical variables and those are nominal and ordinal. With nominal, there is no logical order and the categories are said to be mutually exclusive because one category, you cannot belong in two categories. Ordina, an example of that is female and male, you cannot belong in both. Ordina consists of distinct categories which have an order, so there is a rank to this. For example, levels of education, pre-school, primary, high school, college, university, those are levels that you can go through because one is higher than the other as you move with levels of education. Then we move into some of the strongest, which are the higher levels, which comes from quantitative variables, which is interval and ratio. Both of them because they come from numerical measurements, they've got numerical measurements to it. With interval, there is no true value of zero. For example, think about it in this way. When you think about interval, think about temperature. With a temperature, zero is just another number. It means it's another cold day. If it's negative 1, negative 10, or it's 10, or it's 5, or it's 14, or it's 22, that is interval. The ratio consists also, it's a numerical measurement, but it has a true meaning of zero. Zero means zero. Zero means you do not exist. Zero means there's nothing. The true meaning of zero exists. When you weigh yourself and it's zero kilogram, it means you don't exist. So it needs to be at least 20, 30, 40 kilograms. So any value that does not take a negative number, it's a ratio. The negative number, think about it as interval. I'm almost done. So these are the levels of measurements. Nominal ordinal goes with categorical data. The only thing you need to ask yourself is this numerical or is this categorical? If it's categorical, ask yourself does it has an order or does it not have an order? It's nominal. If it has order, it comes from the name. Ordinal, order, ordinal. So there is order. Interval, ratio. Interval, does it have a negative? Can it go to a negative value or can it go to positive value? It only takes zero and positive values. If it can go into the negative, it's interval. If it can go into only takes positive values, it's ratio. The other thing, just to conclude in terms of basic operations, remember order, they all can be ordered. Even if nominal does not have order, here we're talking about the basic operations. Can I sort the data? Yes, you can sort the data. You can order the data. This is not meaning that is there an order of how the variables look, but can I put them from lower to higher, the values when I have them? Can I count or create frequencies? Yes, I can count how many males I have, how many females I have, or I can count how many people responded with strongly agree as opposed to strongly disagree. I can count how many people because it's frequency. Interval, I can count how many people they have temperature, not people, how many days did we have a temperature below zero degrees? How many days did we have temperature above zero degrees, things like that. Ratio, I can count how many people weigh this kilogram or above this kilogram or below this kilogram, things like that. The mode, we're going to also discuss this later on what do they mean? What does the mode mean? The mode is the most appearing number. In the ordinal, yes, you can. In interval and all sorts. Median is the middle value. You can only calculate the median with numerical values. The mean you can only do with the numerical values. The difference, can you add and subtract? Yes, you can do it. You can add and subtract. Can you do a ratio? You cannot do a ratio of a negative number. So always remember that interval values will not have a ratio. Do they have an absolute value of zero? Remember that. Which one ratio will have an absolute value of zero? Whereas interval also can go into a negative, right? So I am done. Any questions? We are 20 minutes in. Do we have any questions? If they are going to switch on to this site? Any questions? Okay. Then let's go. Let's say I do have a question. Yes. With all these discussions in the study guide of basic statistics. Is that all now in unit one? Because I struggle to mark where with all the different types of. So it's all in level one. It's all in study unit one. Sometimes they are called scales of measurement or levels of measurement. Again. Thank you. Thank you. Okay. So let's look at how the questions comes from your assignment. Or your exam. So we're going to look at activities. So. Number one says complete the following sentence. Is a statistical method that draws conclusion about them. Based on the computed from them. So think about it. We've got two branches of statistics. We've got descriptive and we've got inferential statistic. So the first question they. Or the first should either be inferential or descriptive. So which one is rich? Think about it. Most of them are in the title themselves. Descriptive describes the data. Inferential infer the data. All draws conclusion. Descriptive describes. So they are in the description of what you need. So is a statistical method that draws conclusion about. Based on computed from. So the other thing also remember we introduced two concepts. There is the population and there is the statistics. And because we draw in what are the measures that comes from a population and what are the measures that comes from. The sample. So think about it. There is the parameter and there is the statistic. So based on that. And based on what we've covered today. Which option A, B, C or D. I would go for D. You'll go for D. D is incorrect because. We draw in conclusions. We're not summarizing. So the only correct statement will be C. Because it will say inferential. So the statistic is a statistical method that draws conclusion about their. Population. Based on the sample. Based on. Statistics. Computed from a sample. And that was the first few slides that we looked at. Moving on to question two. Which one of the following statement is not the goal of a descriptive statistics. Which one A, B, C, D or E. Which one is not the goal. Remember inferential statistic is about estimation and hypothesis. So which one is not D. It will be D is the incorrect one because. D says estimating we know descriptive statistics is about summarizing. Visualizing displaying it's also part of visualizing reporting the numerical findings because we summarize the date. By analyzing the numerical. Finding the mean the standard deviation presenting is the same as displaying. Presenting of the data in a form of tables chat and summary statistics it's all all of them. They describe what distinctive statistics is all about. Question three. Which of the following variable is not a categorical variable. Think about it. Which one can you place into categories. Is the height. Gender. The score is low high. And choice of weather test is true or false. Which one of this is not. A categorical variable. Which one of this can we not put into categories. See. I would say see. Nope. Remember see categories are low average and high. This is categories. Also this is categories. And gender can be put into male and female which is. Categories. And remember with gender as well with all the categories there is also a category where it says unknown or unclassified or prefer not to say. Those are other options you can have in your questionnaire when you create a questionnaire. You don't have to restrict people to just male and female. You have other classifications that you can also create with that to say they can say not specified. Not. Prefer not to say. Or you can either say unknown or prefer not to say or none or whatever. You can add those other categories. But height. Height is numerical. So categorical is either one or the other is not like a definite. Yes. So remember anything that you can put into categories. Okay. Right. And it doesn't have to be dichotomous or two things. It cannot. It doesn't have to be yes or no through or false. There can be other categories added like for example. I don't know. Through or false or I don't and I don't know can also be another category added to that. So but the answer is a. Okay. For some reason this thing puts everybody in the lobby. I might not be able to see everybody. Okay. So next question. Which one of the following statement is incorrect with regards to a statistic. Remember what is a statistic. Statistic. It has a big population that comes with the measures that are called. We have a sample which is a subset of a population which has the measures. So which one. A B C D O E. A statistic is a summary measure calculated from a sample. A statistic is an estimate of a parameter. We're looking for the incorrect one. Right. A statistic represents the property of a population and not that of a sample. A sample mean is a statistic. It's a measure calculated from a sample. Is it a sample standard deviation is a statistic. Which one A B C D O E. Sorry. Sorry. Can my coachy. Mute a mic please. Thank you. So number A is correct. Number B is correct. Number D is correct. And number E is correct because all of them describe what sample statistic. Oh a statistic is because a statistic is a summary measure that comes from a sample. We also know from inferential statistic we use statistic to estimate what the value of your parameter can be. Or your population parameter should be a measure that comes from the sample. For example, if we have to calculate the mean from the sample, it's called the sample mean. It's a statistic. Samples standard deviation. It's a statistic because it's also a measure that is calculated from the sample. So the only question here, which is not correct. Or the only option or statement that is not correct is C, which says a statistic is a representative or represents a property of a population. We know that a statistic comes from a sample. We are halfway through all the questions. Which one of the following statement is incorrect? So we're looking for the incorrect. So the statement that is mostly not correct. A population is a complete set of objects in the study while a sample is a subset of a population. This is a description of a population and a sample. A population, remember, that's what we said. Population, Western Cape, all of them. A sample will be if I pick and choose 100 people from Western Cape and study them and they will be a subset from the population. And once I got the results, I can feed them back to the population and say the population was this, this, this. So this is correct. A statistic is a property of a population while a parameter is a property of a sample. We know that population, parameter, sample, statistic. So therefore the incorrect one is B when all the other statements, then they are correct. Data from a sample are in a form of a variable which can either be numerical categorical. Remember, we said there are two types of variables, numerical or categorical. And numerical are also called quantitative. Categorical are called quantitative. Quantitative data are numeric and can either be discrete or continuous. We said that discrete, that means they can be counted. Continuous, it means they can be measured. Qualitative data are categorical data and they can use variables or labels to identify attributes. So labels like VW, Jeep, Toyota, those are light labels that identifies attributes. Question 6, which one of the following variables are not categorical? So this one is for you guys to tell me. A, B, C, or D. Can we put gender into categories? Yes. Name of internet provider like Telcom, VumaTel, Afrihost, all those. Yes. Right. Can we put it into categories? No. So right is the incorrect one. Merit of status, whether you are married, single, widowed, can be placed into category. Classifying an object as defective or non-defective. There are two outcomes. Two labels. Those can be classified. Which one of the following statements is correct? I don't know why statements. Okay. Which one is correct here? Now we're looking for the correct statement. So it means you need to read carefully each statement and eliminate those that are not correct. So gender, merit status, religion are example of qualitative, ordinal variables. Ask yourself, what is an ordinal data that you can put into order, right? Or data that you can put into a data that has an order or logical order. Does merit status have logical order? No. Therefore, it means if I'm using only that, let's take religion as well. Religion does not have any logical order. So that is not the correct statement we are looking for because the key word here is ordinal. They are all categorical, but are they ordinal? No. The amount of money a person spends in a shopping mall is a discrete variable. Ask yourself, discrete variable, amount of money, which means it's numerical, discrete it means I'm going to be measuring that. Now what I didn't mention when I spoke about measure, any value that can take also a decimal, it's measured. Right? Think about it. So now, discrete means counting. So if discrete is counting, amount of money. That is correct. No. Discrete is counting. And I told you anything continuous, anything that can be measured, which is continuous, can also take a decimal point. Money. Money is, can you count money or can you measure money? Encount money. Can you count money or measure money? Anything that can take a decimal point, it's measured, which means it is continuous. Money is money decimal because we measure money in terms of rent and sense. There is a point. Therefore, there is a decimal. Therefore, money is continuous. Always remember that. Okay.  Remember, with sense, we measuring it. So discrete is it a whole numbers then? A whole. Okay. Yeah, probably we can put it that way. Anything that can only take a whole number, it will be counted. I'm scared to say yes and I'm scared to say no, but a whole number yes, because it has to be a whole, right? Yeah. So this is also not correct. The number of girls with blue eyes is discrete. Good. Yeah. Because you're going to be counting them. One, two, three, four, five until you get to the number of, until you finish counting all the number of girls with blue eyes. So this is correct. The position one finishes in a race is a discrete variable. I think with this question, we have two incorrect answers. Because when you finish in a race, you can either finish position one, position two, position three. Ah, no, but you cannot add them, right? Yeah. But you cannot add them. The numbers represent labels which are categoricals. Sorry. That's actually categorical. It is a categorical. So this is incorrect because the position is not a numerical value. It's a categorical value that represents the position that you end up in in a race. Yes. The number of times, and I think our time is up, the number of times a mouse make a 10, a wrong 10 in a laboratory represents a continuous variable. But that is the number. So number means you can count the number of wrong 10s. You cannot measure them. No. So that is, so only C is incorrect. Okay. So I had three more questions. So you can also, I've shared the link to the, I'm going to share the PDF and share where all the PDFs will go. I still don't have places yet. I will share that. So this is another question that you can also look at on your own. And that was the last one. And I think our time is up. So I've shared this on the WhatsApp group. If you are not on the WhatsApp group after the session, we can discuss where you can, how you can be part of the WhatsApp group. The, on the PDF, on the link that I shared you, the links don't work, but on the PDF, the links will work. This is the schedule for this month. Everything up until the 21st of April, probably, should enable you to complete your assignment one. I think your assignment one, I'm not sure when it's due, a different module, different assignments. Otherwise, then I will see you on Saturday at 10, till 11. Remember to always to use the link to sign up to the classes so that you can have the dates available on your calendar and you are able to get reminders so that you don't forget. I will also find an alternative solution for us to, not to have to sign up to all the sessions and have one automated link that can generate the calendar for you for the rest of the sessions. But for now, this is the alternative I found. Remember to also, you can subscribe to the YouTube channel. The link, I've shared it on the WhatsApp as well. I will also reshare it. When you get to the YouTube channel, we're going to go there. Let me also just open it and then I can show you later on. Oh, sorry. I don't have to click on there. On the YouTube channel, there is a subscribe. So when you subscribe, you subscribe to the YouTube channel. You will receive notification of the videos. You can look at the videos. Remember to like and share, like and share and comment. There is a button somewhere on there that says join. So when you join, you need to choose. Don't choose the first two. First two are just for those who support the content and just want to give something. If you want to receive the videos, because this is the only way I can make a revenue as well for the time that I spent with you. And remember, you only pay as little as $79 rent for the whole month, because it's a month on month membership. So it's $80 for you to view the recordings eight recordings, eight sessions for free that I'm giving you my time. So please make sure that you join and you join, not subscribe. Also, when you join, remember not those two. There is the 999 and the 1999.  But if you want to have access to the recordings and the videos, you need to join either with the $79, $149, $349 or something. I can't even remember now. How much is that other one? It's up to you how much you want to support the channel so that I can also feel like I need to continue doing this so that more people can benefit from this. But it's up to you. Otherwise, the free sessions are also on there. If you go to Playlist, look for the module STA 1610. You will find all the videos for all 1610 sessions, the previous sessions. You can get hold of me via my email, info at pambilianalytics.co.za or you can get in touch with me via my WhatsApp. Only WhatsApp. If you call, you won't get me from that number. It's just only WhatsApp. You can also visit the website and you can go to the YouTube channel. There is the YouTube channel link. It's www.youtube.com. Or you can go and find me personally, Elizabeth Lizzie Boy. It's one and the same YouTube channel. Thank you for coming and I will see you on Sunday, on Saturday. Sorry, Saturday. Are there any questions? Yeah, Lizzie, I'm going to phone you. Just to ask you to explain all these financial options. What do they mean?


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The House of Squib presents Academy Award. Tonight, Olivia DeHavilland in cheers for Miss Bishop. Every week, Squib brings you Hollywood's finest. The great picture plays, the great actors and actresses, techniques and skills chosen from the honor roll of those who have won or been nominated for, the famous Golden Oscar of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Science. For generations, The House of Squib has been known for the high quality and unfailing dependability of its products. Each the result of a never-ending quest for perfection. Today, the great family of Squib products reflects the tremendous advance of science in its contribution to human health and well-being. The name Squib stands for progress through research. Squib is a name you can trust. Tonight, Squib brings you the lovely Hollywood screen star, Olivia DeHavilland, who has twice been nominated for an Academy Award. You will hear Miss DeHavilland in the tender love story, Cheers for Miss Bishop, the picture which in 1941 was nominated for the Academy Award. This is the story of an old maid and in its way. It's definitely part of the story of America. No doubt, there are thousands of Miss Bishop still fresh in your memories. Thousands of them in the unwritten saga of teaching in this nation. But somehow, there are never quite enough, not nearly enough of them, to keep the great faith, to teach us once again that we are from a great tradition, that we are custodians of a great destiny, that we have a responsibility too, living up to our Miss Bishop's, 1883. And a young lady fresh from the first graduating class of Midwestern University decides on a career. Well, good morning, Miss Bishop. President Cochran, I thought that if you knew of an opening in any of the schools around here, I mean just the Prairie grade schools. I'm just back from my vacation and pretty busy with fallen Romans. Then I'm trying to arrange for a new member of the faculty, a young woman to teach freshman English. Oh, I see. Yes, a girl I've watched pretty closely for four years. An intelligent girl, I think. She seems to have one thing which is mighty important to the teaching profession. She loves and understands folks. President Cochran, do you mean? Oh, of course, I know you couldn't mean, but I can't help thinking you might mean. Oh, President Cochran, do you mean? Dear, dear, there's a heap of repetition in that sentence for the teacher of freshman English. Surely I was blessed. Everything seemed to come my way. Career, happiness, and then, without warning, the man of my dreams. It happened one night at a dance. I'd gone there with Sam, poor, loyal, devoted Sam. Well, Sam, looking for my sister Ella? No, Amy, I see she's being rushed by that young lawyer, Del Thompson. He's certainly attractive, Sam. The way he's swarming around Ella at the dance tonight, he must sure be crazy about her. Who isn't? You've got to let me take you home. I know that the prince should take the princess, but... This isn't a fairy tale, though. This is real. I'm in love with you. Head over heels. All right, Del, then let's go now. Do you, Ella Bishop, take this man for your lawful, wedded husband?  And do you, Delbert Thompson, take this woman for your lawful, wedded wife? I... I do. I pronounce you man and wife. May I kiss the bride? Oh, Del. It's like a dream. Oh, everything is coming to me. A chance to teach the man I love. It's the end of all dreaming.  Oh, I'm so happy. I'm so wonderfully happy. Through for this time. Specture glad, Miss Ella. Standing for a fitting's mighty tiring thing. Even if it is your wedding dress. Do you suppose that time will ever come when a person can walk into a store and buy a dress ready made? Good land, no, Miss Ella. Ain't no two sets of hips and busts in the world alike. Well, I guess you can go upstairs and slip it off now. I will. Oh, I feel like a queen. Where's Ella? The bail just came. Amy, you take it right up to her. She went upstairs to take a wedding dress off. All right. Del's coming for supper and the bridegroom mustn't see any of the outfit until the wedding day. What's the difference? Ella won't mind if I try it on. Would I make a beautiful bride? Ella, the most beautiful bride in the world. When you came up behind me and kissed the back, Del, I love you.  Oh, there you are. So the veil arrived. Oh, thank you, dear. Will you put it in the spare room of the dress? Yes. Why, Del, I didn't know you were here. I hope you didn't see the veil or if you did, I hope it isn't bad luck. How could it be bad luck? Well, I didn't mean that seriously. It's only that you aren't supposed to see the wedding regalia until the wedding day. But why can't this be the wedding day? Oh, darling. But why not? We can keep it secret till college is over. Del. Ella, put it down to spring or bucked fever or what you will. But please drive to Maple City with me tonight and be married. Del, I must go to Central Hall tonight, a special meeting. You can't go, Ella. You mustn't go. You've got to do what I'm asking. Ella must go to the meeting, Del.  Amy's right, darling. Will you drive me? I'm due there now. Of course. I'm sorry, Ella. I guess I'm nervous about the wedding. I'm going to have a game of cribbage with Judge Peters. Could you two drop me? Of course. You drop me first, darling. And then you can take Amy to Judge Peters. No, I. Do what Ella says, Del. Remember, you might as well learn now how to obey. Too beautiful a night for cribbage. Don't you think so, Del? I don't know, Amy. It is a beautiful night. Isn't it, Del? Yes. It's a beautiful night. It'll be heavenly down by the river. Could we drive down there? Or? Or what, Amy? Or are you afraid? Del, I shouldn't have left class. But you're nude. Why did you want to see me? It is terrible, Ella. Tell her, Del. Ella, I'd give my right arm to spare you this. You must believe that. What are you saying? It was an accident, I tell you. You left him alone. And there was a moon by the river. So now he's mine, you understand? You can't marry him. He's mine. I'm sorry, President Cochran. I thought it'd be easier to write it. Mother and I are going to New York. It's an assistant librarian's position. I see. Teaching is a hard job, and it never pays much. I know. And lots of times, it's a headache, wondering if it's worth it. Why, President Cochran, how can you say that? You're inspired. What you give young people, you know, courage, confidence, ideals. I am trying. Ella, we have something here in this country, the idea of people being free. But it's got to be taught and re-taught. Once in a while, someone comes along with a God-given gift for teaching. You have it, Ella, that magic touch. Well, I certainly didn't intend to deliver a lecture. I wish you all the luck in the world in your new post. President Cochran, may I have that letter? I think I'd better stay. Have that wonderful, wide awake start of the day feeling. The quick refreshment you enjoy every time you use Squib Dental Cream. For Squib Dental Cream, and make the best impression. Remember to ask tomorrow for Squib Dental Cream. Taste, feel, and see the refreshing difference. Now the House of Squib presents part two of Academy Award, starring Olivia DeHavilland in Cheers for Miss Bishop. Years have sped along with their rich summers and dark snow-filled winters. Years of bitterness to so many of us and for me.  There was the university and my job to do. And there was hope. Hope, the beautiful child left behind in birth by my sister, Amy. We never heard from Dell after that. And I undertook to raise hope as my own. So Little Hope, he's got a bow, eh, Elm? Yes, Sam, one of our outstanding sophomores, Richard Clark. Yes, fine boy, Ella. Fine boy, that Richard. Well, hello, everybody. So afraid we'd be late. Aunt Ella, Uncle Sam, Mr. Cochran. She ran me every step of the way. Hello, Richard. Hello, Miss Bishop. Come along, have some punch. Yes, to the new year, 1900, Skoll. A new century. Isn't it going to be wonderful? Wonderful, darling. May it bring prosperity. And common sense. And lasting peace. To you, El, I've waited a century. Oh, Sam, dear. Well, no decisions. I haven't asked you yet. Aunt Ella, make a toast. Let's drink to our country. She's too much in a hurry, and she makes a lot of mistakes. But somehow or other, she does keep her people free. May she always do that. And may her people always realize what that freedom is worth. The first semester had hardly opened that year of 1900 when I met John Stevens. He'd come from back east to join our growing staff. I had thought I was beyond things of the heart. But it seems I was vulnerable, after all. So vulnerable. Well, folks, any customers for a sleigh ride? The roads are slick and the moon's bright and. And you're out of luck, Uncle Sam. I'm going skating with Richard, and Aunt Ella's expecting. Hope. Professor Stevens for an academic evening. Good night. Is Stevens coming? Yes, he's bringing a book. Won't you stay and listen, Sam?  No, I don't know why I never had more feeling for books. Wish I had. Don't wish it. I wouldn't change you for the world. You wouldn't marry me, but you may yet. I've still got all the time in the world. That is, unless it's fellow Stevens. Sam, I want to tell you something. Professor Stevens has a wife. A wife? She's in Virginia. They, well, they have much in common. Well, why don't they get a divorce? Oh, Sam, how wonderful to find someone an oak river who doesn't shudder at that word. If it means you're happy to sell. Oh, thank you, Sam. Good evening, John. I'm sorry, Ella, I'm a little late. I've been trying to persuade Sam to stay. Perhaps another time, Professor. Of course. Good night. Good night, Sam. Good night. Ella, I'm going to write my wife a basket of divorce me. Oh, John, do you think? I'm going to pray that she will. I'll pray too. Oh, my very dearest. Please, John, do you mind? I've waited so long. If it's going to be, let's have it perfect. It will be, Ella. Nothing can change it now. It was so daring a thing that we did, running off together like children to Maple City. John knew a restaurant, Checo's Italian restaurant. Shall I ever forget Papa Checo? We'll leave dinner to you, Checo. Thank you, Professor Stevens. It will be perfect. Well, darling, do you like it? Like it? Oh, John, you don't know what you've done for me these past two weeks. Ella, I've had a letter today for my wife. I want to read you just one paragraph. John, tonight? It has to be tonight. John, I knew I was never the right wife for you. But to consent to a divorce would be to deny the principles by which I was brought up. I can understand. But what about us? Yes, what? Wine for the lady. Oh, it's from Oviedo, a little Italian town, sleepy and warm. Ah, there's a great deal of warm sunlight. I remember seeing a beggar there with a flower in his hat. He was perfectly happy. A beggar with a flower in his hat and sunlight. To Oviedo? So now you know all about me. We know all about each other. This beautiful evening is at an end. Ella, why can't we sail for Europe in June? A flower for the lady. Thank you, Checo. Will you? Thank you, John. And goodbye, my dear. Ella. John, I'd do it gladly. But you and I, being as we are, there'd be tomorrow. And sometime we'll be glad that we stayed for just this little while in Oviedo and didn't try to go on to Rome. I must catch my train to Oak River. And I know you will understand. I'd rather take it alone. But what about? And remember this. You've given me more than any man I've ever known. And this way, I can keep it always without fear or shame. Come to the door with me. For the lady, the wonderful lady, her cloak. It's been perfect, all of it. But you forgot one thing. Yes, Ella. A kiss for the lady. Again the years fall away like snow, driven in the wind. Where? Where have they gone? But they have. And they've left only spring behind. I have a new daughter to think of now. Pope's child, Gretchen. And she is registered at Old Midwestern. All the years, the years, and the generations I've welcomed and taught and bade farewell. Where are they now? Anybody home? All there is. Come in, Sam.  Just thought I'd drop in for a second on my way home. Oh, by the way, the university office asked me to deliver this note to you. Thank you, Sam. I've been expecting it. My dear President Crowder, you're quite right. I'm 73 years old. I've been teaching long enough.  Well, if I were 63, you wouldn't find me so cooperative. But I learned years ago that no one is irreplaceable at Midwestern, and that goes for me. But, Miss Bishop, there are still several weeks to go. I know. And thanks.  Don't. Please. Please. And at evening clothes, my what a pretty sight you are. Richard and Hope. Hello. Richard and Buzz and Sam. Yes. And out there, streaming into Old Central. Why, there's never been a crowd like this. Well, you know, they want to say goodbye to the old hall. Yes. Yes, of course. Well, are we all ready? Let's go. Just another dull alumni dinner, and no use of pretending it won't be. Miss Bishop, may I have the honor? Will you take my arm? Why, my goodness, that's very nice of you, President Crowder, but I don't see. Oh, but you will, Miss Bishop. You will. All this. Is there something here that I don't know about? Stiff upper lip, darling. All for you. And so for your irreplaceable gift of human sympathy. And because you exemplify to us all what the American spirit can be, your university bestows on you, Ella Bishop, the highest degree in its power. Thank you. I won't even try. I'll only say that I've had a long life. And in that life, I've seen the brave, the gallant, and the kind. They keep coming on the best in this country. So now Old Central and I are retiring to make way for modern buildings and methods. It's an appropriate time to quote the words of our great founder, words that inspired us when Central Hall and I were young. Wisdom is the first cousin to freedom. And freedom is the glory of our nation and our people. So to our nation, our people, and freedom. Are you there, Sam? Yes, sir. I was just sitting here thinking how kind everyone has been. Take it easy, Ellen.  Ellen, it's downright pudding-headed. There's a question you've been waiting to ask me, Sam. No, Ellen. Don't you go answer in any questions till they're asked. I've got scads of time, Ellen. All the time in the world. Yes, Sam. All the time in the world. The one applause for every lovely star is the glow of exhilaration, the sense of inner freshness that seems to brighten up her smile. Youthful charm and freshness starts with feeling fresh. And there is a simple way to capture that feeling of refreshment any time of the day. Brush your teeth with squib dental cream. You see, squib dental cream, like all the great family of squib products, gives you something extra. It has a frosty, minty coolness as it first touches your lips. And as you brush and clean your teeth with squib dental cream, it forms into a quick action, bringing a sensation of refreshment and cleanliness so that your whole mouth seems to wake up and feel youthful, alive. And that gives you a fine feeling of assurance when you're meeting people. Your smile will be brighter, and you'll feel brighter. So start tomorrow to brush your teeth with squib dental cream. Be sure to ask for squib. You'll taste, feel, and see the refreshing difference. Next Wednesday, another great picture. The House of Squib will present Academy Awards starring Rex Harrison in Night Train. Olivia DeHavilland may currently be seen in Nunnally Johnson's The Dark Mirror and International Picture. This is Hugh Brundage bidding you goodnight until next Wednesday at the same time when you're invited to listen again to Academy Award presented by the House of Squib, our name you can trust. This is CBS, the Columbia Broadcasting System.


What's good, Josh, but Ross back again with another video. So I'm going to check out 10 worse attended WWE pay per views. Now, this should be a very interesting one because WWE hasn't always had the hot crowds and the packed stadiums and or arenas. Sometimes they were, you know, didn't have that many people at some of these events depending on what card was being promoted to state of WWE at the time. If people even cared for that particular pay per view or whatnot.  It's part of the wrestling biz. Sometimes your company's booming and people want to come to all the shows. And sometimes, you know, you have that down point. And we're seeing it a lot recently with AEW. They are having a tough time selling tickets at these venues. And the numbers are showing it, you know. So we're going to check out some of the moments where WWE was having a tough time selling some tickets at certain venues and certain shows. Should be an interesting one. All right, let's check this out. What would a WWE live event be without a large crowd? Well, just ask anyone who is at these shows as they were all attended by fewer than six and a half thousand people. Damn. By the way, don't expect to see any NXT shows or other network specials on this list. We are only counting proper main roster WWE pay per views. And also we're not counting the two beware of dog shows, because those were affected by a power outage. And we felt like it was unfair to include them. Also, there were two different shows and it got too convoluted. So we chickened out. And we're obviously not including anything from the pandemic.  I'm Adam Peciti from Kovac Wrestling. And these are the 10 worst attended WWE pay per views of all time. Join us. 10. In Your House 2 The Lumberjack 6482 As you will find out throughout this list, the In Your House series weren't always the best when it came to drawing crowds. Initially designed as cut price stop gaps between the big four slash five shows, the first In Your House premiered on May 14th 1995 with just 7,000 people in attendance. By the time the second show came around in July, about 500 of those people are gone. Nah, can't be asked. In Your House 2 retroactively titled The Lumberjacks drew just 6,482 people to Nashville, Tennessee's municipal auditorium. In comparison, WCW held Starcade there later that same year in front of 8,200 fans. It's not like WWE were offering a Starcade level experience with their show to be fair. Bam Bam Bigelow versus Henry Godwin. The One Two Three Kid versus The Roadie. Razor Ramon and Savio Vega versus Men On A Mission. I mean, yeah, you can see why they strolled. 1995 is known as a very bad year for WWE in terms of business, and this show can act as a microcosm of that larger issue. Fans just weren't that interested in what the company had to offer, so they kept their fans firmly in their pockets. Number nine, Taboo Tuesday 2005, 6,000. I remember that. Taboo Tuesday was an interesting one. Fans had the power to vote on the outcomes of certain decisions, such as which wrestlers would be in a match, what stipulations they would fight under, and what titles would be on the line. Unfortunately, considering you needed a small nuclear power station to even run the internet in 2005, the idea was perhaps a little too advanced for the time. This edition of the show was broadcast from San Diego, California's I-Pay One Center, known today as the Pachanga Arena. This was the arena that saw the unification of the WWF and WCW championships at Vengeance Day 2001, only that show drew a much more significant crowd. Only 6,000 souls turned up to Taboo Tuesday, roughly half of the figure for Vengeance just four years earlier. Instead of a title unification tournament, these fans got to see mankind take on Carlito, Eugene team up with Jimmy Snooker and Batista fight Jonathan Coachman in a street fight. Who needs history being made when you got all that? Yeah, the whole match options. I can see why someone would be like, yeah, I'm not going to pay money for this. 9 vs Carlito was pretty alright. Perhaps due to the low ticket sales, Taboo Tuesday was replaced with Cyber Sunday the following year. That sold better, presumably because it was on a day of the week people were actually free. Yeah. All right, Stomping Grounds 2019, 6,000. The most recent show on this list by quite some margin is the first and thus far only show to bear the Stomping Grounds name. Oh my god, about the show. Look at this logo, it's a little shoe. How clever. Replacing backlash in the calendar, Stomping Grounds just sort of came out of nowhere. It had no stipulation attached to it, no real reason to be named what it was named is just kind of there. Weird. Fans who showed up to the Tacoma Dome in Washington got to see Ricochet beat Samoa Joe for the US title, Kofi Kingston defend his WWE Championship against Dolph Ziggler and Seth Rollins fight in a no-holds-barred war with Baron Corbin.  Their last US pay-per-view Money in the Bank had drawn over 15,000 fans. Probably because Corbin wasn't in the world title match to be fair, but in the other show that came close to this figure in 2019 was Clash of Champions with everything else doing 10K fans all day. Rest in peace, Stomping Grounds. You were too beautiful for this work. It was a one-in-done, bro. The name itself doesn't really lend to anyone even wanting to check it out. Stomping Grounds. I'm good.  7. In Your House 12 It's Time 5,708 Despite the fact that it bore his catchphrase in the title, In Your House 12 It's Time did not feature Vader at all as he was dealing with an injury. Shane had already printed out all the programs. Wow. WWE had to work around the big man's absence for their final major show of 1996, instead offering fans a main event of Bret Hart challenging for the WWE Championship against Sid. You might not think that sounds especially epic and you would be right, but things get worse for this show when you look elsewhere on the card. It was opened by Flash Funk versus Leaf Cassidy. Remember him? He was out of snow before he went a bit crazy and became a bit interesting. Owen Hart and the British Bulldog defended their tag straps against fake Diesel and fake Razor Ramon, blur, and the Undertaker fought the executioner, i.e. Terry Gordian, a mask in one of the worst pay-per-view bouts of the year. It's hardly surprising that a show this disappointing only drew 5,708 people to the West Palm Beach Auditorium. They probably all hated it, but at least there was less traffic than usual to be on the way home, eh? Number 6 In Your House 6 Rage in a Cage 5,500 Ways Another poorly attended In Your House show, another Bret Hart match in the main event. Are we sure this guy is really the best there is, wasn't ever will be? This time Hart was the defending champion, putting his belt on the line against Diesel just a handful of weeks before his epic Iron Man match at WrestleMania 12. It was also a cage match, if you hadn't already figured that out. Hart won, because there was no way Kevin Nash was going an hour, setting up his WrestleMania bout with Shawn Michaels. HBK had won the right to face Brett earlier in the night by beating the Hitman's brother, Owen. As for the other matches, well, Razor Ramon beat the 1-2-3 kid in the opening crybaby match. That is a match where the loser has to wear a diaper, because there is no... Man, WWE hasn't always had the best ideas even for that time period. That's just cringe. Humor quite like a five-year-old's humor. Hunter Hearst Helmsley took on Duke the Dumpster Drossie in a battle of class and sophistication over literal garbage. And Yoko Zuna beat the British bulldog by DQ. Only 5,500 people were subjected to this total fart of a pay-per-view, and we are so, so sorry for all of them. Number five, in your house, three triple-header, 5,000... It seems like these in-the-house pay-per-views were just, like he said, they're pretty much fillers gaps, filler gaps shows between major shows. So they didn't really have that much booking intrigue. You know, people cared about the major shows, but these, they were just like kind of throwaways. Number six, our triple-header of in-your-house shows ends with in-your-house triple-header. It's almost like we planned it this way. We didn't, honest. Back to 1995, and to the third outing for this brave new format, a format that was getting consistently worse results with every new attempt. September's in-your-house three boasted a pretty spectacular main event in an attempt to turn the sinking ship around. Diesel, the WWE champion, and Shawn Michaels, the intercontinental champion, teamed up to take on tag team champions Yoko Zuna and Owen Hart, except the British Bulldog filled in for Hart, even though Hart still got involved in the finish of the match. It's hard to explain. Just watch the show, or better yet, don't. Sadly, this meant that the rest of the card was severely lacking in star power. When Waylon Mercy is your choice to open a show, then you need to take a long, hard look at yourself. Just 5,146 people forked out to come and watch this show, which is probably 5,146 people too many. Number four, Armageddon 2004, 5,000. Jesus could have fed the audience at Armageddon 2004 with five loaves and two fish. Armageddon closed out WWE's pay-per-view year from Duluth, Georgia. WWE, if you want people to come to your shows, then please start holding them in places people have actually heard of. No offense, Duluthians. Anyway, Duluth was treated to a whopper of a main event, as JBL defended the WWE Championship against Eddie Guerrero, Booker T, and The Undertaker in a fatal four-way. That definitely... Unfortunately, this was the only real highlight of the show... Yeah, I mean, that's definitely a good main event for sure. ...but also featured tough enough finalists Daniel Puder and Mike the Miz Mazzannan in a Dixie dogfight and Kurt Angle winning a match over Santa Claus. Yep, Santa Claus. Even the prospect of seeing Old Satanic didn't draw people to this show, which only packed in 5,000 fans. WWE wouldn't return to the venue for a big show until 2019 when they put on Starcade. Remember when WWE took one of the most cherished names in WCW history and ran it as a dinky little house show? The news is cursed, I swear. Number three, ground zero in your house, 4,963. For our final trip to In Your Houseland, we take you back to the year 1997 when business was significantly better than it was two years ago. Ground zero in your house, which was the 17th incarnation in case anybody cares, was called to a bumper main event that pitted two mega stars against one another for the very first time. Shawn Michaels had been in the Undertaker's crosshairs ever since he had cost the Deadman the WWE title at SummerSlam. Now the two would finally tangle in the ring, kicking off one of the greatest in-ring rivalries of all time with a no contest. The match ended with a no contest. Good stuff. Bret Hart was once again WWE champion, seriously, maybe he's the cursed one, and was defending against none other than Del Wilkes, aka the Patriots. This was Patriots' first and only pay-per-view title match and heart beating with the sharpshooter after 20 minutes. Not even the power of Murica could attract more than 4,963 people from the good city of Louisville, Kentucky. Number two, December to December 2006, 4,800. Remember this one? I know I said right at the start that we were only counting WWE pay-per-views, but did you really think I was going to miss out on slagging off this steaming pile of bullpiss? Also, WWE's version of ECW was essentially just smack down light. So forgive me on the technicalities. This is very true. In 2006, the resurrected ECW was given its first pay-per-view later in the year. And how did it go? Well, they never ran another major show again. Tell me how it went. December to December was a disaster and is rightly remembered as one of the worst wrestling shows of all time. Fox Mahoney took on Matt Stryker. Mike Knox and Kelly Kelly teamed up to take on the stinking vampires. Devari beats Tommy Dreamer.  Honestly, it's amazing that the crowd was even that big as there was absolutely zero reason for anybody to have wanted to see this show. The only thing that kept it off the top spot was a real oddity of a show from two years earlier. That's right, both of the Taboo Tuesdays rank among the worst-selling WWE pay-per-views of all time. The first one had the same premise as the second. The audience would be able to interact with the show and cast their votes to shape what they saw. There was a vote to determine who would face Chris Jericho for the Intercontinental Championship in which Jonathan Coachman legitimately came third. There was one to choose what weapon would be legal in a match between Kane and Snitsky. Steel Chain was the winner, so naturally Snitsky won by crushing Kane's throat with a steel chair. And then there was Eugene versus Eric Bischoff, a match where the loser's fate would be decided by the audience.  You monsters! The novelty of this event simply wasn't enough to draw names as a pitiful 3,500 people showed up to watch it all unfold. To this day, it is the worst-attended proper WWE pay-per-view of all time. Maybe that's because, I don't know, people are busy on Tuesday nights? Just a thought? Not too. You know, the timing of it too, I get because the name Taboo Tuesday, but the timing of that, it's kind of hard to expect someone to go to a wrestling show. I mean, granted, we live in a different time now where people will, you know, try to go out on a Tuesday, or one night, or a Wednesday, any day of the week to watch a wrestling show. But I know back then, you know, the WWE product was, you know, had more fans, but it had less fans than, you know, the attitude era. So, you know, to ask people to come on a Tuesday night to book some potential matches themselves, essentially, or the idea of them booking potential matches, and it wasn't like they just had just the A-list, you know, wrestlers, the top, the cream and the crop wrestlers, you know, at these shows like that. So it kind of made sense. But that's crazy, Taboo Tuesday being one of the worst attended shows for WWE. But comment down below, let me know. If you guys have been to a live show, or been to a WWE pay-per-view event, and the crowd attendance wasn't that good. I know they tried to hide that as much as possible. But let me know if you've been to a WWE show, where the crowd attendance was pretty poor, there was a bunch of empty seats everywhere. Let me know, and what show was that. But I appreciate all love and support. Road to 150K, and I'm still here on the speedy YouTube wrestling champion world. Appreciate y'all kidding me. See y'all in the next one. Peace.  See y'all in the next one. I don't know what I just said. I'm sorry, y'all. I'm sorry.


Good morning everyone. This is Melissa with the stockswish.com and welcome. Welcome to a market review of the spy The spy is very bullish today and is at the first target, which is two away And it's going to get to the next target, which is 208 75 and 209 market will get to the dream target today And the first thing I wrote in the room this morning was market very bullish today the entire week the whole week market bullish bullish bullish very bullish all week this week starting out the week bullish and bullish all day today and all week Market open held held the know the name of the open and I called the market aggressively long Into the first period of the day and it's at the first target pass that down going to the next number and going to continue Also when I read and talked about the market in the room this morning before the market opened I said the market will reach race 80% or more of the drop down that it had in the last two weeks And possibly may make a new hide this week in the market And I can't see that yet until I see where we close today and gap tomorrow and Tuesday And then someone said that there's a Fed minutes meeting or some kind of Fed meeting was the afternoon And I said well that maybe the impetus for the market to get over the high this week Not that it needs an impetus not that it even needs a reason to get over the high because it's going to money ways And always was going to however seen that setting up for Wednesday Maybe what pushes us over the number although I don't know exactly until I see where we close today and gap tomorrow But for right now today, I called the market long it is working. It is at the target It is 1130 the market's been trading for two hours straight up non-stop with no Turn around and no look back solid solid solid green mar the market and we'll close looking very similar to this today or more So beautiful bullish claw I made in the market. I did see the way that we dropped on Friday it was late the drop happened late here around the lunchtime period that it fell off And I'm sure some people thought then the market was going to fall But we closed and I saw the way that we closed this morning very strong from the drop-off that we had And I kept saying all along in the last few days the last few videos the last week The market's not bearish and and this retracement is going to happen so fast why Because the bulls are in charge of it always been in charge it are still in charge of the market and are buying The market today will continue to buy the market and just bought the drop down from the market that it had here More buying is coming to the market. This is power buying that's coming into the market This is buying that is coming into the market today and will follow through higher and the market will make a new hot So the next number in here today again is 208 75 209 after that We could actually depend where we close when we could get up tomorrow over 209 rally straight on through tomorrow Up all the way to 12 to 13 and beyond really the next target Over the highest to 15 And I don't know if we get there this week till I see how quickly we make this transition Back up upon ourselves in through the area, but there are people that short of the market They shorted around 210 to 11 to 09 even people shorted this later on 206 207 ish The market is not a short and yet there are people that are short the market now believe me that it was lower Why because the market made a series a double top here Then a lower high then a lower lower high then a lower low lower high lower low lower high a market Made a series of lower highs and lower lows for the last two weeks and gap down one two Three days and also did fall and to break the low and to broke the bar from the previous day from Friday to Thursday And all of that has been giving people conviction the market is gonna break and is lower And I get so many emails. I see so many things and I don't really read them I just see the titles People saying the markets gonna crash and things like that However, I've been saying that's not gonna happen. I've been saying the markets gonna continue bullish the entire year of 2015 I've given some all the targets for these things in the swing trade letter and I will continue to do so However, the market has some phenomenal bullish target setting up this year And it is very early for us to be hitting up on over here in March to get to continue on through It's just going to happen I thought well sweet hit up onto the next target above the high of two fifteen two twenty two twenty five that we might have a Pull back in there that would be deep after we get to that number However, you know if we get up to that number If it takes us a while to get up to that number then we won't pull back deep So so we have to just see here how this all sets up because I'm just going to take a day by day day by day today the markets bullish this week is bullish the entire week and That's what it is and the year is higher too And we just have to see when we really hit on through the next number through the high We're going to make a new high and actually we could very well do it this week But I knew that we were higher and I understand why people shorted all of this because I understand how people think People that trade the market However, you have to think like what institutions are doing in the market because they're the ones that move the market not traders and Institutions are buying the market to find the market today. They've been buying the market They can continue buying the market and how do I know this because I know how to read Bullish gaps and bearish gaps in the market and that's I know how to repress based on that Which has told me that all along everything that's happened in here I even the red days were not Institutional sell-offs that were happening in the market even though there were bearish gaps and you couldn't shorten the bearish gap You're back on the six and made money shorting and he could have shared the bearish gap here on the 10th I made money shorting. I didn't do that I didn't do that and I wouldn't have done that or would I have called to do that like I called the market long today Because this is not a quality trade So great call I made here the market hire it's setting up to do it 100 conviction beautiful bullish calling me the market today. We'll get to the next target It's not even 12 o'clock eastern time a wrap the first target And I don't even know if the market pulls back in all today to buy it if you didn't buy my call here earlier in the morning If it does you can buy it all the way up to the next number and beyond However, it may just kind of just keep going really basically here. It is so early for us to be doing this move There's no sign of weakness here in the market whatsoever and I Know how to reprice and that's how I'm able to call the market hire and continue to do so this is a beautiful chart And again It's not just about reading moving averages because the market did break through the 8th or 20 the 50 per moving average And it's not just about reading the down gaps because these these were down gaps But they weren't quality down gaps or what I would call a golden gap to the bearish side So you can't short every down gap For follow through and you can't buy every up gap for follow through And you can't just buy everything on support or short everything at resistance And you can't just read the moving averages You see how her others broke how broke the 50 and everything here and then it's rallying back You you really really have to learn how to reprice And you learn how to reprice by learning how to read gaps To pick out the good ones for the ones that aren't so good So you know how to take the position long or short You can't short every bearish gap And that doesn't tell you that something's changing even because if you don't know how to rate it Then you don't know if it's really something that's real and that's why the rating system is so great that I figured out So much information there and that's how I'm able to read this stuff and predict it Not just in the live day like I did today But in the coming days in the coming weeks in the coming months and even even in the year To predict out that the market will be bullish all of the year of 2015 I'm able to predict something that far out Because I'm reading the gaps in the market. I know how to reprice based on my analysis of gaps Beautiful call I made today in the market very strong and expect a very very Very bullish week in the market this week 100 conviction And there's a possibility this week we could get over the high I won't know do I have we see how we set up in the next two days However, there's a report out or a meeting on Wednesday afternoon And I'm not saying the market needs a reason to make a new high because it really doesn't because it was going to do it On its own no matter what anyways eventually But that reason could be the push up through that we get Have a fantastic week everyone if you have any questions or you're interested in the golden gap course Email me at melissa at the stocks which calm is this the stocks wish or the spy market review very bullish today Beautiful call I made in this long the market Continue to hire. Have a great day everyone


So from a from a labor standpoint when builders see that and hear that and they realize man This is going to extend the life of my my crew It's easier for them. They love it They really start to perk up and they think they're on to something Welcome to the Smarter Building Materials marketing podcast Helping you find better ways to grow leads sales and outperform your competition All right, everybody welcome to Smarter Building Materials marketing where we believe your online presence should be your best salesperson I am Zach Williams alongside my co-host Beth Popney-Glov and today we've got a great show line for you today We are really excited to welcome Jim Cotty. He is the executive director of the Georgia Ready Mix Concrete Association It's a very timely conversation considering everything happening with lumber prices Labor shortages we've got a lot of hot questions for you. So Jimmy, welcome to the show. I appreciate you having me on here today Jimmy if you don't mind before we dive into everything we're dying to ask you Can you give our listeners a bit of background on who you are and tell us a bit about the Georgia Ready Mix Concrete Association as well? Yeah, absolutely. Again, my name is Jimmy Cotty. I'm the executive director of the Georgia Ready Mix Concrete Association Down here in the Atlanta, Georgia area. I've been the executive director now here for about 11 years and and prior to that I work on staff with the Georgia Construction Aggregate Association, the Crushstone guys for another five years So I've been in the nonprofit world, but in the construction materials sector for about 15-16 years now I've been I kind of got in at a boom time in 2006 and then I switched jobs to the Ready Mix Association As we were sort of hitting a trough in the economy and I've been here and kind of watched our guys sort of Plug and dig their way out of the recession period of the early 2010s and It's just it's become a real great market here again in Georgia And everybody's they're running pretty wide open these days. There hasn't been much slowdown at all the last couple of years even COVID included here in Georgia. We stayed open for business and You know, we were actually I think 2020 we ended up being up about 1% of for 2019 2019 was our biggest year since 2006 to that point. So we've just seen steady growth here. Georgia's a great place to live and work and You know, we continue to import people here. So we got to build homes We got to build schools. We got to build places to shop and play and all that kind of stuff So you're always going to be concrete. So they call our guys I'm really curious to hear about the conversations. You're having Jimmy with builders and those in the development community Are you having very different conversations today than you were let's say even 18 months ago? I mean, yes and no it depends on it depends on where you are Which market of the state you're in You know, obviously the big the biggest issue right now Everybody's talking about is the price of lumber. Yeah, and and how that impacts construction You know, I've talked to some of my ready-mix suppliers who say, you know They've got builders and certain markets that are just sitting on the sidelines waiting because I mean they're not building in a market where they can get the return on on the The investment as opposed to Atlanta where prices continue to climb so building hasn't really slowed down but Certainly there's concern around the price of materials the availability of materials the availability of labor is another major issue and guys just kind of wondering How they're going to build stuff going forward and where they're going to find the people to do it because the demand is still there Heavily here in Georgia. So those are the primary issues. We're trying to solve And the reason I was asking the question about the conversations is, you know The cost and price of lumber right now as you mentioned is just crazy We were talking before the show started in the average home what the cost of lumber's up with 24k on Average per home for the lumber package. And so I'm curious are you when I say are you having different conversations? Is it our builders considering different types of materials? Based upon cost as well as availability and obviously concrete There's a lot of different use cases for it and that's a shameless plug But I'm just curious to hear from your perspective Like are people buying ICF more are they considering it more and there's a lot of obviously other alternatives But I'm just curious to hear are people trying new products because of the current climate Or is it are you having different types of conversations even above that or beyond that? Yeah, we're absolutely seeing a ton of interest in ICF insulated concrete foam products for residential construction and even even in some commercial multifamily stuff, you know, it's It's it's a product that's been around for a while But I would probably say in the last five to ten years is really kind of come into its own Where people have really figured out how to use it appropriately. They figured out how to educate others And so really as as that sort of segment of the industry has matured from a timing perspective we've sort of hit this this maturity level where we're kind of ready to go big, you know and It's coinciding with a spike in traditional building materials And you know with with builders and engineers and architects, you know, kind of the tough nut to crack with them sometimes is They're successful with a certain Process or material that they become accustomed to they don't really want to get away from it They don't want to be responsible if you try something new and something goes goes awry so But but money talks, right? So we're in this environment where people are saying man We've maybe we really do need to start considering this and you know our industry the concrete industry So we we haven't that I'm with the Georgia ready mix Congress Concrete Association we have a natural ready mix concrete Association and most states Across the country they have their own state associations as well We all kind of work in concert with each other We have something called the the concrete design center and and the idea is that if if you're a developer And you've got some land or you've got a project that you want to build but now you're It might be cost prohibitive well, we have the ability through the concrete design center to come in and Take your existing plans with knowledgeable architects and engineers who've been designing with icf for for long for a long time And sort of walk you through what an icf build would look like and what it would do for you because really When people think about icf they say well concrete's expensive and wood's not as expensive so if you're subbing out That the wood for concrete you're going to be more expensive and and really what icf is it's not It's not a product substitute. It's a it's a building system It's an exterior envelope building system So when you build your icf walls and you pour those walls Really you've combined your structural elements your insulation Your furring your vapor barrier You've condensed that all down into one step And so the labor necessary You know, you might have a framing crew ready to go But you can't get an insulation guy out there for a while or vice versa or something like that So when you're building with icf you're really condensing several trades down into one step And it gives you the opportunity to move faster with your construction schedule And it gives you the opportunity to have a Just a better more durable storm resilient energy efficient of structure You mentioned something jimmy that comes up a lot and that we know to be true, which is you know architects engineers builders They are they're sticking with their process because that's partly how they remain profitable That's how they protect themselves from a reputation and liability standpoint There's hundreds of reasons that we know why that's how they need to operate Obviously the availability issues and continued issues of labor shortage have thrown that for a bit of a loop As you're talking with these Professionals about what it would look like to build with icf instead of lumber When do you start to see it click? What's the aha moment where for so many of them that one takeaway is really what starts to convert them to selecting icf. Well, let's talk about the let's talk about the labor, you know You know, I just said, uh, you know, you're condensing several steps down into one when you're using an icf building system You know, when you when you talk to builders really where they kind of light up is um You know, they think about where are we going to where are we going to find the labor? Where are we who are the people that who's our target audience is sort of training To to build with this stuff. So, you know, you have concrete mason's do very well with this Uh concrete form workers Carpenters even and then even existing framers Um, was talking to a guy yesterday. Uh, his framers got trained You know, so they could do both. He's like, they're not they're not even interested in doing Wood framing anymore and I'll tell you why Um, you know, you think about is the workforce gets older Think about the the wear and tear on the workers moving concrete block around the weight of that moving Wood around and how much labor intensive that takes so you could do You could use various icf and you could have one person basically Moving and stacking a 12 foot square area of the interior next to your wall at the same time You know, these guys love it because it's so easy to handle and move around And then they're stacking it and then all and then when the uh pump truck comes, you know, they're They're managing the poor So from a from a labor standpoint when builders see that and hear that and they realize Man, this is going to extend the life of my Uh my crew Um, it's easier for them. They love it They really start to perk up and they they think they're onto something What we have found is people that that gravitate towards this stuff and once they do it a couple times And they see the ease they see the time they see the savings and then say you like you're a I don't know say you're doing multifamily. You know, you think about having icf Ceilings and floors and walls Well, that's going to be silent. You know for the people living in there I mean, they're not going to hear the people next door or under them or over them um You know, like in multifamily some studies have shown that you know icfs They're they have 10 less vacancies than the stick built stuff And then they have the opportunity also to charge more and rent because of the quality of their building You know that the energy savings there are tremendous the silence is tremendous So guys like that once they kind of dip a toe in the water We find that they they almost want to Horde it if you will in the sense that they don't want to tell anyone their secret sauce on on on their new construction system What I what I think that you're saying it's interesting Jimmy is that you know, even with labor shortage and with You know the cost of materials right now You know the category that you're playing in and concrete and icf You're still finding ways to sell value proposition in a way that Or present your value proposition in a way that people are hearing, you know, whether that's sound or you're thinking about ease of construction I'm curious to get your perspective though on how are you trying to encourage a younger generation to get into labor Like to get into You know, whether that's being you know a mason some capacity or you know, even maybe even outside of the concrete industry Are you seeing any other categories or industries that are Getting people into the trade because that's really I mean we have to not just focus on ease of use today But how do they get more to lend to it tomorrow? Sure, absolutely. I mean we we have other nonprofit organizations we partner with The construction education foundation of georgia has done a tremendous job for for decades really and sort of promoting trades You know in all various forms of construction and they have partnerships with various High schools where they have programs throughout the state all over the state. They have a very large Trade show if you will every year Where different segments of the industry sort of set up boost space if you will I mean we're there You know road builders are there The mining industry is there electrical contractors are there hvc guys mechanical guys there So they they sort of at least in georgia We've we've sort of looked at them as a partner in terms of just sort of letting folks know that There are alternatives To going to the four-year college and you know for us as ready-mix producers, you know our biggest labor issue is drivers, right? Interesting but from the And so from the trades perspective, you know, yeah, it's it's fighting the people and the skilled people They can do that. I mean so the young people we we do these construction fairs We uh, we have programs in schools that we partner with on various Uh at various times during the year And uh, and you know, whether it's providing concrete to actually do something hands-on we we've had members that do some of that kind of stuff Um And so it's it's a real partnership like, you know, the general contractors are really bought into it And so they're the ones that kind of They sort of lead us, you know, the gcs are going to be looking for people of you know, they need every trade on the job, right? Whether it's their own people whether it's subbed out And so they're they're very big on the education promotion piece here in georgia And they do a good job of making sure that their ready-mix partners and others are involved in uh in promoting Our industry our broader construction industry to these schools You know, jimmy you're such a unique viewpoint from where you are and the connections that you have and conversations that you have With tradesmen with different pros in the channel As you think about the conversations you're having with them the questions and pain points that they're going through at this time Are there any manufacturers? Who's marketing or messaging or connection with the pros really sticks out to you that you think is doing a good job reaching them I mean, yeah in the icf world, I think there's maybe Six to ten Uh called the block manufacturers. So it's kind of a small world But really, you know with those guys um their whole key is education and they all have what they that various certification programs for their products, right and you know, the idea is that They want folks to be successful with this product, right because that will yield more demand from a lot And so each of them have Programs in the house to to more or less certify you I mean this stuff can be promoted as like a almost like a diy type of product, but You know the more education and knowledge you have about it the the better you're going to do um handling it so I mean these guys they do an outstanding job madura fox blocks for people that are doing it for the first second third time I mean they come out and they they they hold your hand As much through the processes you need or want them to Because they have a vested interest in you having a Uh good performance out of your product and out of your people Uh, they want to see that happen. So they they really bend over Backwards to ensure that that projects go well. There's tons of resources out there Um through them our own RN in rmca again, I'll mention the concrete design center in terms of Just making people understand What they're dealing with before they even start start stacking lot, you know everything in terms of From from cost and and various other savings on down So, uh, we're doing we're we're our industries partnered with Habitat for Humanity both here in georgia and nashley And we're about to kick off a habitat build over in Athens, georgia, and we've kind of walked Uh the local habitat chapter through this process. We gave them the the full boat in terms of a design assistance report Uh helping them understand, you know the various cost savings they may experience I know the family want the family that's going to live in this house is super excited about it because once it was explained to them What icf was it was kind of like a Sort of a no brainer. It's like why would I not want to live in a house that's You know more resistant to tornadoes and it's going to cost me less on my energy bill every month and stuff like that So that's the consumer aspect of it that that people don't know Um, just how I like that Yeah, I like that idea partnering with you know habitat for humanity or other organizations like that because It's it's not only a way to get back But also a good way to get your product out there In the hands of people actually might be building or in that space in some capacity because you never know how that story might get passed along, you know Yeah, well, you know I for me I think when I look back sort of on the history of icf's act To me, I think one of the problems the industry always had in sort of promoting it was traditionally it was large custom homes that had been built out of icf that really You know a very small percentage of the population is ever going to have an opportunity either build or purchase and live in And it's for me It's more like how do we get this for mainstream? How do we get this into markets where the price point Is going to be available to 70 of home buyers out there, you know, and so we're we're doing a 15,000 square foot home custom home in one area town But really the one I'm excited about is this 1500 square foot home over in Athens It's going to be it's going to be simple. It's going to be easy but it's going to be So nice for the people that live in there That I mean you think about this home, you know, you mentioned young people. How do you get them interested? Well You know you talk about efficiencies and homes and how to be sustainable Imagine building a home where you're going to need, you know, 50 less energy to operate the home on a day to day basis Yeah, I think that's a great. It's a great narrative How are you getting in front of that builder to share that story? Is it happening just because the lumber is so price prohibitive right now or there are other things that you're doing to go? Hey, we actually think you can charge more or we think that there's a new opportunity If you were to consider it with this type of, you know, homeowner What are you doing to break that noise? So so there's there's different ways that we and others have have approached this issue. There's um You know, a lot of what we rely on is uh, our own ready mix supplier members They have even broader relationships with the with the building community than then even we do in our our own office here And so they'll We educate our members on some of the programs and things that they can do to put in front of customers So like I've got a guy out near Lake Ocone Uh, he's got builders that are kind of sitting on the sideline and and I'm saying and he's saying How how can we get this guy working? I said, well, let's let's go talk to him about ICF I mean, you've got the relationship with them. Let's set up a meeting. Let's go out and sit down I can bring in some other resources if need be but let's let him know he's got some alternatives You know, even though we run our own association a lot of us and me and my colleagues in other state chapters, you know We try to get involved with our various local engineering associations or architectural associations or um, you know, we just did a We did kind of a zoom cast if you will with the local whole builders association here About ICS and just got tremendous response and even for The people that jumped on the call the people that couldn't jump on the call I mean for two weeks afterwards we were getting emailed about how can we get a recording of the call and whatnot? So You know, I try to build those relationships at the non-profit level Because I know that I can provide material that can kind of go out in mass to those membership organizations and then we rely a lot on Just suppliers in the market that say Hey, there's you know, there's a guy that's he was going to do a project. He's put it on hold Can we can we get some stuff to him about ICS? Yeah, and see that would trigger some interest And uh, so that's generally kind of how we do it here and how most of my colleagues. I think do it Uh, particularly in the southeast That's great, jimmy. This has been excellent. Thank you so much for coming on the show if our listeners want to get in touch with you What's the best way for them to do that? Yeah, I mean you can just uh visit our website, uh, georgia ready mix concrete association is g a like georgia g a concrete Dot org and I appreciate your time today zack and and thank you guys for having me on your show And for our listeners, if you like this content, make sure you go to venvio.com slash podcasts to subscribe Until next time i'm zack wins alongside beth popnikov. Thanks everybody