more often you I welcome you to this session last class we discussed the concept of choking in relation to isentropic flow of a compressible fluid or isentropic compressible flow in continuation to that today we will be discussing the isentropic flow through a convergent divergent delta at At first, we again recall the relationship between the stagnation and local properties again. So, let us concentrate that the relationships are like this, if we denote the properties with a o suffix or 0 suffix as the stagnation one and without any suffix is the local one, we know that because these are very important things gamma minus 1 by 2 m a square and m a is the Mach number. Similarly, p 0 by p the corresponding pressure is equal to 1 plus gamma minus 1 by 2 the same thing using the relationship between pressure and temperature niocentropic flow gamma by gamma minus this gamma is the ratio of specific heats. These are all valid for a niocentropic flow of a perfect cache. Similarly, rho 0 by rho is 1 plus gamma minus 1 by 2 m a square into 1 by gamma minus 1. So, the properties with suffix 0 are the stagnations and without any suffix that t p and rho are the local properties local temperature pressure and density. Well, at the same time if we recall the mass flow rate per unit area expression that mass flow rate per unit area was expressed for a perfect cache as the fluid p 0 by root over t 0 into m a divided by 1 plus gamma minus 1 by 2 if you recall this m a square to the power gamma plus 1 by 2 gamma minus 1 if you recall this last class we deduce this. And at the same time by differentiating we saw that for a given stagnation pressure and temperature and for a given perfect gas where gamma and r are constant. So, this function this m dot by is a function of mac number m a and this shows a maximum when mac number equal to 1 that means the maximum value of this quantity corresponds to a mac number 1. And if mac number 1 is substituted then we get gamma by r p 0 by root over t 0 into 1 divided by this becomes gamma plus 1 by 2 raised gamma plus raised to the power gamma minus 1 alright. Now, at the same time we know that this area the m dot by a maximum occurs when this area is given as when the area where this occurs mac number is equal to 1 that means the sonic condition that the flow velocity becomes the velocity of sound those properties at those conditions are denoted with an asterisk as the superscript or star we tell that a star that means in that case a becomes a star alright.   So, this is the a very important relation that means this is the relationship between a that area at any section of a duct to a star where a star represents the area where the sonic condition is reached m a is equal to 1. So, if you put m a is equal to 1 this a by a star becomes 1 alright.   So, one interesting thing is that there are two interesting things not one that you see that for a any value of m a m a is always greater than 0 it may be either less than 1 or greater than 1 depending upon whether the flow is subsonic or supersonic.  And another interesting fact that we will discuss afterwards also in relation to convergent flow through convergent divergent duct that for a given value of a by a star m a has got two values this is a quadratic equation m a square. So, for any given value of a by a star that means for any given area corresponding to a particular a star there are two values of m a one less than 1 another greater than 1 the physical reasoning is like that if we have a convergent divergent duct for example, the flow takes place like that if the flow is subsonic in the upstream region downstream supersonic. So, same area we may get in both the sides from the throat area this is the throat where the m are different here m is less than 1 here m is greater than 1. So, therefore, there may be two areas there will always be two areas when there is a throat which are equal two equal areas, but the mac numbers are different that means for a given area ratio we may have two mac numbers. Now, all these formulae analytical formulae a by a star t 0 by t p 0 by p rho 0 by rho can be expressed graphically like this plot can be plotted like that with m a as the independent variables you see the ratio the proper the local and stagnation properties and the area ratio with m a if we plot then this will give the result like this if we plot t 0 by t let this is very small point any value point 0 1 let here 10 it starts with point 0 0 1 for all this quantity let this is maximum 1 t 0 by t p 0 by p rho 0 by rho this axis the maximum value is 1 and this here we write a by a star the value of a by a star now we will see for this the graph will be like this the figure will be like this it is like this a qualitative trend is like that for example, this is t by t 0 I am sorry it is not t 0 by t p by p 0 rho by rho 0 rather it is t by t 0 p by p 0 rho by rho 0 that means this to the power minus this to the power minus the reciprocal of this t by t 0 p by that means this is t by t 0 let this is rho by rho 0 and this is p by the qualitative trend I am showing that means when mach number 0 this t by t 0 p by p 0 rho by d 0 all asymptotically reach 1 because that is the stagnation values that the local pressure temperature and density reach their respective stagnation values and they monotonically decrease as the mach number is increased now these are the three curves for this ratios now if we plot this curve it is interesting that this curve will show a minimum this curve is like that there is the minimum this a by a star 1 will reach when the mach number is equal to 1 and it will again the a by a star is like that at 1 it is the minimum so if we decrease the mach number that a by a star is increasing and as mach number reaches 0 so a by a star reaching infinity you see with 0 mach number a by a star reaching infinity similarly mach number reaches infinity also a by a star reaches infinity this is the peculiar characteristics of this curve that means it reaches a minimum when mach number is 1 this zone is supersonic zone supersonic and this zone is subsonic that means a star reaches the minimum here that means in the subsonic zone as we increase the velocity or mach number same thing we see there is a decrease in the area when the supersonic zone as we increase the mach number there is an increase in the area so the a by a star increases in both the direction here in the subsonic with a decrease in m a and in the supersonic with an increase in m a showing a minimum 1 so this is 1 here and this is a very high value here it may be 10 100 like that so that it goes on infinity asymptotically as mach number tends to infinity and here it tends to 0 so this is the trend of the curve so all these curves together forms a figure or chart this is known as working chart working chart or figure for isentropic flow for isentropic flow that means if we know a value of p by p 0 we can find the value of m a and the corresponding value of the area ratio so this will be useful for solving problems without using these equations we can straight forward use the equations or we can find from the graphs but these graphs will be important in illustrating some physical phenomena so let us come to that what is that flow through convergent divergent duct flow through convergent divergent duct flow through convergent divergent duct that flow is isentropic flow flow through convergent divergent duct let us consider if convergent divergent duct like this let us consider a situation like this well let us consider a situation like this so this is a reservoir the stagnation conditions that is the temperature t 0 pressure p 0 rho 0 where v is equal to 0 the flow starts from here from a reservoir from a stagnation condition through a convergent divergent duct which is insulated because the isentropic flow should be essentially adiabatic flow so this flows in that direction and this chamber is made like that with a valve arrangement this pressure is the atmospheric pressure atmospheric pressure so that by operating this valve this pressure p b that is the back pressure of this convergent divergent duct that means the surrounding ambience at which this duct discharges that is known as back pressure can be varied by operation of this valve so in the valve is closed it is equal to the value of p 0 so p b from a maximum value of p 0 can be reduced by gradually opening the valve up to a pressure of p atmospheric now if we do that what do we see physically let us see so this is the exit plane let this is the exit plane of the nozzle this is the exit plane e not nozzle sorry this is the exit plane of the duct sorry exit plane of the duct now initially when the valve is closed throughout the pressure is p 0 that means the craft is like that there is no flow and the pressure is constant that means I am drawing the figure for p versus this length along this nozzle length along the duct sorry along the duct the length pressure variation so pressure is 0 throughout now if we slightly open the valve so a flow starts which is a very low which is the flow velocity is very low very small flow starts so therefore it starts from an incompressible region the when the flow starts with a very small velocity Mach number below 0.33 may be an incompressible flow so in that case for flow of any incompressible fluid that means that a Mach number lower than 0.33 such a convergent divergent duct it is convergent in that direction in the direction of flow first in the upstream part then the downstream part is divergent so it will behave like this the pressure decreases first and reaches its minimum at the minimum cross section that is the throat and again it increases like this you see so this will be the first part of the curve when the valve is slightly open the p v is slightly less than p o so this is the condition or p v is given by p v 1 this is the curve 1. So it will act as an venturi meter this type of flow is known as venturi flow and the duct will act as a venturi meter that means the convergent part will act as a nozzle where the pressure decreases and velocity increases so at the throat the minimum pressure is reached and the velocity is maximum then in the divergent part the pressure increases and velocity decreases so pressure meets up here if the two areas are equal and the flow is reversible that means in visit then the pressure will assume this value of course pressure may not assume this value if there is a velocity so both the areas are equal so velocity will be same and pressure will be same but in that case we have considered the velocity 0 it is of infinite area this is a infinite reservoir so the stagnation condition so pressure will end up here with a velocity head discharging with some velocity so this will be the pressure distribution if we still lower the pressure by opening the valve so we will see that the mach number increases because still flow rate will be increased and the mach number may be beyond the incompressible flow region more than 0.33 but will be in a subsonic region so that the what happened still it will expand only up to the throat and then it will go on this is the 2 so and this pressure corresponds to p b 2 so if we further reduce the pressure for example here if we go on further reduce the go on further reducing the pressure we see that while reducing the pressure the flow rate is increased and if we notice the velocity at any cross section that will be increasing at any cross section the velocity is increasing so the see that if we consider the velocity at the throat which is the maximum velocity in the duct so pressure will be reached when the throat will reach to a velocity equal to the sonic velocity and then also at this is a limiting case at some pressure it may act as a diffuser also that it will those sonic velocity has reached I told earlier class that it depends upon the design pressure so at some pressure if we go on slowly varying gradually varying the pressure we may reach at a pressure here where it will act as a venturi meter that means the convergent part there will be expansion there is a nozzle action expansion there is a reduction of pressure and increase in velocity and this maximum velocity will reach 1 that means m is equal to 1 here but till but still there will be a reduction the diffusion reduction in the velocity or increase in the pressure in the divergent duct so this is the condition reached when the back pressure reaches a particular value pb3 corresponding to a fixed values of p0 now what will happen if we gradually vary the pressure and come to this condition when it will act as a venturi flow initially the reduction in pressure associated with increase in velocity and finally a increase in pressure or reduction in velocity in the divergent part with the attainment of sonic velocity that means the flow velocity equal to the sonic velocity that means with the attainment of m is equal to 1 at the throat so in that case the maximum velocity of the maximum Mach number here was less than 1 so far that means the flow of incompressible flow it will be in it was in incompressible region it was in the subsonic compressible region now the sonic condition has been achieved at the nozzle then what will happen if we reduce the back pressure further what will happen this is of very importance now it has been found that if we just reduce the back pressure so what we will expect we will expect that it will be if you reduce the back pressure further what will happen whether the flow will be decelerated or flow will be accelerated so when you reduce the back pressure it is obvious if the flow is accelerated that means it has to go beyond Mach number one all right so what happens that if we reduce the back pressure the expansion the fluid will still go on accelerating provided there is a particular back pressure maintained here that means just we consider at the time being there is a back pressure known back pressure somebody tells you a known back pressure I am just give this value with p b d there is a particular back pressure corresponding to this stagnation condition and this dark if we maintain that we will be seeing that a continuous expansion will take place now first thing you will have to understand that when sonic velocity is reached here a further reduction in the back pressure will not be able to generate any increase in the flow and this section attainment of this section the properties at this section will remain unaltered which I already discussed to you earlier so that the Mach number one conditions and the pressure distributions in this portion will remain unchanged so this part will not be changed and here the flow velocity will attain the Mach number a Mach number one that is a sound velocity so therefore further expansion continuous expansion or further continuous reduction in pressure associated with an increase in velocity occur provided that means we can reach from subsonic to supersonic velocity or continuous expansion or continuous acceleration in the supersonic region provided we have a particular back pressure maintained here and that particular back pressure depends upon this stagnation pressure and the particular area ratio that I will come afterwards with the particular design or particular dimensions of the duct now what happens let us understand that if this pressure is kept somewhere here if I know there is a design pressure like that if this information we have to accept some pressure above this that means in between this or some pressure below this that means if we know there is a design pressure if our ambient pressure is first take something higher than this pressure but something lower than this pressure where the Mach number one is was attained then what will happen the expansion will take place in the nozzle and what will be done that a fluid will be over expanded that means fluid will go on expanding to a pressure which is lower than the pressure back pressure maintained here and it will catch up the back pressure just before the discharge plane through a discontinuity series of shock waves like that that means the fluid will immediately jump to the back pressure little upstream from the exit plane through a discontinuity through a pressure wave is known as series of shocks shocks and this shocks at this discontinuity in catching up abruptly the high pressure cartels the energy of the fluid total energy of the fluid and this is an irreversible conditions. So, the undisturbed expansion throughout the divergent part will not take place if the pressure lies the back pressure lies between this two value that means one is the design pressure this I define as the design pressure and the pressure where the Mach number one was reached first. So, this is the limiting conditions for the venturi flow with Mach number one at the throat. Now, if we have the back pressure or if we maintain the back pressure below the design pressure a lower pressure then what will happen then it will go on expanding like that, but it has to catch this pressure. So, then what will happen it is having an under expansion always.  That means this discontinuity this is also shocks through series of shocks it will occur. So, that we see that if we cannot keep a particular pressure here which is known as the design pressure the undisturbed expansion throughout the divergent duct that the divergent duct will act as a nozzle throughout is not possible otherwise what will happen if we keep pressure in between this or here or any other pressure altered from this value. So, the undisturbed expansion will not be there that means it will expand up to some point then it will catch up either a higher pressure than the design pressure or lower pressure than the either it will be suddenly expanded or suddenly compressed through a through some discontinuities known as shocks which will incur losses in the fluid. So, to have a continuous expansion without any such irreversibilities we will have to fix a particular pressure known as the design pressure. So, this is most important thing now this can be explained from this you see that why it is so if you see here you see that for a given value of p 0 for example, here that given value of p 0 for example, this p b this is the design pressure p b like for example, we say that we have any back pressure p b we have got any back pressure p b we do not know what is the back pressure any pressure we have we consider that this should be the back pressure that back pressure is not in our hand to vary. So, we have any pressure back pressure p b. So, we can have a point here p b by p o. So, corresponding to that point we have a particular area ratio it is a by a star. So, a particular area ratio is fixed for a given value of p b by p 0 that means, for a given stagnation pressure for a given back pressure there is a particular area ratio which corresponds to an continuous undisturbed flow. If the area ratio is different from that then the undisturbed flow will not be possible at that design pressure you understand in a other way we can say that if the area ratio is fixed that means, this for a given a star this a is fixed that means, when the area ratio is fixed the design pressure is fixed that means, if the design pressure is different if this pressure is here. So, if we have a back pressure here first of all with respect to p 0 we will see this back pressure is lower than the critical pressure or not that means, this is the critical pressure that means, if it is lower than the critical pressure there may be number of back pressure, but all these back pressure gives a unique value of a by a star in supersonic region that means, for a particular back pressure we have a unique area ratio you understand a by a star that means, a particular area corresponding to a fixed a star will suit corresponding to this back pressure to give a undisturbed expansion this is very important this is very important that if we have a back pressure we can find out for a undisturbed expansion if it is a supersonic region for a given stagnation pressure that if we see that this back pressure is lower than the critical pressure obviously, this will give a undisturbed expansion provided we have a particular area ratio. So, this is precisely the concept of convergent divergent flow flow through convergent divergent duct that means, if the back pressure is above this p v 3 this pressure then the duct will act as a venturi meter. So, p v 3 is the back pressure corresponding to which you see the mach number one is reached that means, here the pressure is the critical pressure here the pressure is the critical pressure. So, this is the back pressure where this back pressure this critical pressure the critical condition is reached that means, if back pressure is in between this after that for a particular area ratio there is the design pressure to given undisturbed expansion through the entire convergent divergent duct. So, therefore, in short what we can tell that we have got a stagnation pressure for example, we have got a back pressure all right we want the expansion continuous just we are discussing one day that what happens in a air craft air craft for example, a jet engine is moving at a certain altitude all right. So, at that altitude we know the back pressure because at that altitude we know the back pressure we know the back pressure for example, now we want a continuous expansion in a propelling muscles what we want we want a continuous expansion to get more velocity or for any purpose we want a continuous expansion. So, what we will first see that whether this back pressure corresponds to a critical pressure is more than or less than the critical pressure. So, if it is more than the critical pressure corresponding to this stagnation pressure what is the stagnation pressure means the inlet pressure that we consider as this stagnation pressure we neglect the velocity is approximately because fluid approaching the nozzle with a very small velocity. So, that pressure we consider as a stagnation pressure. So, that pressure considering the stagnation pressure we can find out what is the critical pressure. So, if it is more than the critical pressure that means we can find tell that a convergent duct will give the acceleration all of you understand. So, that critical pressure more than that we will design for a convergent duct and if you go for a smaller area. So, it will give to a higher velocity, but for an expansion or reduction of pressure and increase in velocity for an accelerating flow a throat is not required a throat is not required. That means it is only a convergent duct, but if we see that this pressure is lower than the critical pressure that means if we want to expand up to that pressure continuously that means that back pressure which is lower than the critical pressure we will have to provide a convergent divergent duct that means if we want to expand the gas or accelerate the gas from that high pressure we have to go into the supersonic region the acceleration will give to a flow velocity which is more than the velocity of the sound at that state. So, therefore, we will have to use a convergent divergent duct is the number one number two whenever the supersonic expansion is there then we will have to be very careful that means to have a continuous acceleration undisturbed expansion in the supersonic region without any reversible shocks we will have to design the supersonic duct in that that means any divergent duct will not do then we will have to design the divergent part to give a convergent divergent nozzle in such a way that it should give an undisturbed expansion then what we have to do we will have to find out the correct area ratio corresponding to that back pressure that area ratio is known as the design area ratio either way we have to know the design area ratio or if for example a duct is fixed for a given area ratio the back pressure at which it will give the undisturbed expansion or acceleration up to the supersonic level known as the design pressure corresponding to that duct or if the back pressure is fixed which is lower than the critical pressure the area ratio that means the ratio of the area at the discharge for the divergent part to that at the throat for that corresponding to that back pressure where we will get undisturbed expansion continuous acceleration is known as the design area ratio that means for that particular back pressure which is lower than the critical pressure to have a continuous acceleration in the supersonic region undisturbed avoiding the reversible shocks we will have to search for that design area ratio where we will get we will get from the isentropic charge that means precisely from this formula A by A star as a function of Mach number. So, with that Mach number value what is the value of A by A star or from the isentropic charge we will find out this design area ratio. So, we will have to give that design area ratio for that the convergent divergent duct, but sometimes in jet engine even if that probably you know we have already rate in your gas turbine even if the back pressure at that altitude is lower than the critical pressure sometimes deliberately the divergent part is not added that means the supersonic expansion or the acceleration in the supersonic region is avoided that means a convergent duct is only used what happens at the end of the convergent duct as you know the pressure will reach the critical pressure it will not be expanded up to the back pressure because the back pressure is lower than the critical pressure a convergent duct can only make the expansion up to the critical pressure and accordingly the acceleration will be there up to the point when the Mach number one will be reached. So, we will not gain a momentum thrust more corresponding to we will get a momentum thrust corresponding to Mach number one. So, we will sacrifice some momentum thrust which we could have obtained if the acceleration could have been made up to a value of m greater than one that supersonic acceleration, but we deliberately avoided why because of the fact that when the pressure is high there then the fluid immediately comes to the back pressure there is a pressure loss we get an extra pressure thrust if we take the control volume of the jet engine you see since the pressure is high at the nozzle exit plane and throughout the atmospheric pressure intake duct the pressure is atmospheric pressure. So, in the direction of motion we get an additional pressure thrust you know we get an additional pressure thrust if the expansion is not there up to the back pressure at the outlet end of the nozzle we get an additional pressure thrust. So, the total thrust in the propelling nozzle is the momentum thrust plus the additional pressure thrust. So, we have to decide that whether this additional pressure thrust will be more or less than the additional momentum thrust that could have been obtained because of supersonic acceleration in the supersonic region by obtaining a supersonic velocity. So, up to certain Mach number ranges this is beneficial. So, therefore, a tradeoff I discussed earlier is made whether we will that means tradeoff between the pressure thrust and the momentum thrust is made that whether it will be given or not. So, it is not always that when the pressure goes below in case of jet engine is a practical application I am telling that pressure goes below the critical pressure the back pressure always we will be using a convergent divergent duct, but it is true that if you do not use a convergent divergent duct then you will not be able to expand the gas up to the back pressure. So, therefore, again I am telling what is the final conclusion that so long the back pressure is above the critical pressure corresponding to a stagnation pressure that means the inlet pressure to a duct which is the pressure where the velocity is approximately zero then if we provide a convergent duct the complete expansion up to the back pressure is possible the fluid will ultimately attain the back pressure at the exit plane of the nozzle and accordingly we will find from the energy equation the velocity of the fluid and this will be always less than the sound velocity that is Mach number less than 1, but when this pressure back pressure will attain the critical pressure there is a critical pressure that means corresponding to the stagnation pressure there is a pressure when the Mach number one will be attained when the fluid accelerates through a convergent duct that is known as critical pressure, but if the back pressure is lower than the critical pressure then it is not possible for a convergent duct to expand the gases from this stagnation pressure to the back pressure which is below the critical pressure. So, the condition will remain same as that of the critical pressure which was reached when the back pressure was exactly equal to the critical pressure that is the condition when Mach number one is reached that means when the outlet in Mach number one will be reached nothing will change in the nozzle flow. So, further expansion will take place if you put a divergent duct and next point is that when you put a divergent duct further expansion or acceleration will take place and the flow will go to the supersonic regime, but to have a undisturbed expansion in the supersonic regime up to the discharge plane of the divergent duct with some Mach number more than one we have to have a unique value of the area at the discharge plane corresponding to that at the throat. That means a unique area ratio corresponding to a particular back pressure that area ratio is known as the designed area ratio corresponding to the back pressure or that back pressure corresponding to the area ratio is known as the design back is a short of pair like our saturation pressure and temperature in thermodynamics. So, this pressure is exceeded with this temperature when two phases are in equilibrium. So, a particular pressure has to be with a particular temperature is unique couple like that. So, this be the back pressure this is the area ratio to have an undisturbed expansion in the supersonic regime without any irreversible shock waves that is a discontinuity through which the change of pressure from an under expansion hogia that means when there is an under expansion lower pressure to catch up the higher pressure at the outlet back pressure or from a higher pressure to a lower pressure in the ambience that is the lower back pressure. Have you understood please any question today this is the topic that flow through convergent divergent isentropic flow to convergent divergent. Any question alright thank you.


It is now time for oral questions. I recognize the member for Brampton Central. It is to the Premier. Parents, students, teachers and school boards have been raising concerns about the Premier's plan for cuts in our classrooms. Yesterday, the Premier made it clear they should also plan for chaos in September. The Premier accused teachers of being underworked and overpaid and then described the relationship with teachers and the government as being at a state of war. Does the Premier think this strengthens our education system? Questions to the Premier? Through you, Mr. Speaker, I'll tell you what strengthens our education system. But even better, strengthens our country. Was the big win from our friend, Jason Kennedy. What a great ally to join the anti-carbon alliance, I'll tell you. He's going to be there shoulder to shoulder for everyone in the country. We see a blue wave going across this country from west to east, no matter if it's Blaine Higgs out in New Brunswick, if it's Jason Kennedy, sorry, good one, Jason Kennedy, Scott Moore, Brian Palster, there's going to be five Premier's, five Premier's, Mr. Speaker, that is dead against this carbon tax. They're building an anti-carbon tax alliance like this country has never seen. There's not answer to the question. There hasn't even been a single day of negotiations and the Premier is already talking strike. He's declaring war on the people who teach our students and our students will pay the price. We're already seeing the results. In my community in Peel region, 369 teachers with the Peel District School Board learned yesterday that they will no longer have permanent positions heading into the new school year. If the Premier respects teachers and educators in our province here in Ontario, why is he firing so many of them? The Minister of Natural Resources and Forestry has to come to order, Premier to respond? Through you, Mr. Speaker, again, this is a process that's been going on for years and years. It went on under the Liberals. You know how the system works.  We put $700 million back into education, Mr. Speaker, making sure that our grade six math students are going to be able to be at the top tier of this country instead of the bottom tier of this country. We respect the teachers and the teachers do an incredible job, absolutely incredible job. We support them, Mr. Speaker. The teachers union went on strike under Bob Ray. They went under strike under Mike Harris. They went on strike under McGinty and went under Kathleen Winniswell. What stops them from striking again? We don't want a strike. We want the teachers back in the classrooms, what they're going to be doing is hurting the parents, they're going to be hurt. Thank you. Thank you. Premier, if you want to work with the teachers, maybe you should listen to the concerns that they're raising. But even the education minister couldn't defend the Premier's comments yesterday and it's clear that he's hoping for a fight and we know what that means. Cuts and chaos in our classroom, Speaker, and our students will pay the price. It truly does not have to be this way. Will the Premier tone down the rhetoric and scrap his plan for larger classes, fewer courses and his war with our educators? Exhorses and forestry come to order. The member for Kitchener, Conestoga, come to order. Premier to reply. Through you, Mr. Speaker, before the ink was dry when we won the election, the teachers unions declared war on us. They told all the teachers to save up three months of pay because they're going to war. It was a day after. They couldn't help themselves. We don't want to go to war. We want the teachers in the classrooms. We want the kids in the classrooms learning. That's what we want. We want to do everything we can to negotiate a fair deal. A fair deal for the teachers, a fair deal that the parents and the students get back into the classroom. Mr. Speaker, we have a great system. We just want to make it better. We want to make sure there's accountability. We want to make sure there's transparency. Most importantly, we want our students to succeed. To succeed when they get out into the work world, they'll be able to go out there and find an incredible job because we have the economy booming right now. We support our teachers. We support our students and the parents as well. The next question, the member for Davenport. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. Good morning. My question is to the Minister of Education. Yesterday, in response to the Premier's comments, the Minister emphasized, and I quote, the importance of making sure we have good faith conversations with our labour partners and our education partners. The Minister described the Premier's declaration of war against teachers as good faith conversation. Questions to the Minister of Education? Thank you very much, Mr. Speaker. And I'm very pleased today to stand in front of you and share with everybody in this house, as well as everyone watching, that we are approaching our negotiations with the teacher unions, our labour partners and our education partners, in good faith. We've actually invited them to come to the table as early as April 29th. We're ready to go because, again, teachers want to teach and we need to ensure that they have a great learning environment so students can learn because they want to be in the classroom, they want to be learning, and they want to be achieving. That is our number one focus, and I would suggest to you, Speaker, that everyone in this house should agree that our number one priority should be student achievement. The politics need to be left to the politicians, and we need to leave the classrooms alone so that, again, teachers can teach and students can learn. And that is what we're standing up for. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. Back to the Minister of Education. I'd like to remind the Minister that her responsibility is to defend the students and staff and not the Premier. Students, parents and educators are watching this government with concern. They're already seeing the cuts. We mentioned the 369 layoff notices in Peel, but just yesterday we got news of 111 teaching jobs disappearing in Lampton Kent and 69 in Avon-Maitland Board in the Minister's own riding. And today in Ottawa, the Board is reporting 300 more teaching positions at risk. Now, we see the Premier gearing up for a strike before a single day of negotiations have taken place. Does the Minister believe the Premier picking a fight with teachers is good for our education system? And if not, what is she going to do about it? Minister of Education. Well, Speaker, I can tell you very clearly and distinctly that I will not cave in to the nonsense and the rhetoric that is coming from across in the member opposite, the critic of education, because it's absolutely ridiculous what she is suggesting. You know, she referenced surplus notices that have been given out around Southwestern Ontario. And I find it interesting that she should reference one in my particular riding, because if anyone went to Blackburn News and checked the source of that particular story, they would see that press release came from OSSTF. Again, it's shameful. It's shameful the forces behind the scenes in terms of there's no end to what they will do to cause chaos. It's the forces behind the scenes that are propping up this opposition party, that behind the scenes nonsense that's causing the chaos. We are focused on student achievement. We're focused on making sure teachers have a great environment in the classroom where students can learn. Thank you. Come to order. Supplementary. Well, let's talk rhetoric, because if the government would come clean about what these cuts mean, then you wouldn't have to have OSSTF explaining what these cuts look like.  Good faith conversation with the people who teach our kids and make schools work is absolutely vital to our education system. The minister can't claim she's talking to teachers in good faith while the premier is talking to more than educators. And she can't claim that no one is losing jobs as the layoff notices are flying out the door. Chaos is not normal. This is a recipe for cuts in the classroom and chaos in our schools. Will the minister stand up for education, tell the premier to tone down the rhetoric, and scrap the government's plan for larger classes, fewer courses, and a war on education? That's right. The member for Markham Stovill will come to order. The member for Mississauga Streetsville will come to order. The minister of education will respond. Thank you very much.  And that needs to stop. Because what they're trying to do is deflect from the amazing things that we've announced in our budget and that we announced in our education system in this province. After 15 years of mismanagement, the school system is broken. And it's time we get it back on track. We're not going to cave in to rhetoric from the opposition party or their forces behind the scenes. We're going to stay focused. We're investing in education. As the premier said, we're investing $700 million alone this year. And again, not one teacher will involuntarily lose their job. We're investing $1.6 billion in attrition protection. That is a fact. I apologize to the member for Mississauga Streetsville. I should have called to order the member for Mississauga East Cooksville, as a matter of fact. Okay, now we have to start the clock again. There's another question to come. Next question. Member for Demiskaming Cochrane. Speaker. My question is to the premier. Communities across Ontario were blindsided by the government's surprise decision to scrap 49 of the province's 59 local paramedic services. Michelle Ketien, director of emerging services in Prescott, Russell, expressed the views of many rural communities, and I quote, it really scares me, where the rural communities will be less well-served than urban communities. Why did the government blindside these professionals instead of working with them? Question to the premier. Minister of Labor. Referred to the Minister of Labor. Mr. Speaker, our government was elected to transform the health care system. Over a modernizing the emergency health services in Ontario by building a more integrated and efficient dispatch and communication service delivery system that will better meet the needs of Ontario communities. I've heard for years, if not over a decade, for the need for transformation to come about in the emergency medical system dispatch. I want to say to the member opposite that no Ontario paramedic will lose their job, just the opposite. We're actually empowering our great frontline paramedics to improve the already great emergency care they provide in communities each and every day. And our government has said all along that we're reinvesting back office administrative efficiencies right into improving frontline care, where it's the patients first that we care about, and that's what we're focusing on. People in rural Ontario have a right to be afraid, because in a lot of parts of rural Ontario we don't even have 911 service. So even if you look in urban Ontario, in Hamilton, when only one or fewer ambulances were available for emergencies, it's known as a Code Zero. It happened 19 times in February alone. Paramedics say a plan to disband and amalgamate municipal ambulance services will be, and I quote, a kick in the teeth. Why did the government develop this scheme without talking to frontline providers first? Minister, you're welcome. Well, Mr. Speaker, I take a bit of a fence to the member opposite for the question is saying that the government, especially myself representing rural Ontario, don't know the needs of rural Ontario. That is absolutely not true. We do. And we've heard from those communities. You know that the coming months, this isn't happening overnight, the coming months we're going to continue to work directly with our municipal partners, our paramedic service providers, and others as we modernize emergency health services. We're going to upgrade technology used by ambulance communication services better connecting ambulance and communications centres, dispatchers and paramedics, introducing new models of care to ensure patients are treated at the most appropriate healthcare facilities and modernizing that system by better integrating dispatch and service delivery. And Mr. Speaker, I've already had the Response. Communication this morning from paramedics, former paramedics, that said the system was long overdue in changing and that the patients will receive better care and that's what we're going to do. Next slide. We start the clock. Next question. The member for Eglinton Lawrence. Last week's budget showed that we are taking a balanced approach to government. We are on a path to balance while at the same time putting money back into people's pockets and making Ontario open for business and open for jobs. Just look at the action we've taken so far. Since taking office we've sent a clear message that Ontario is open for business and open for jobs. We cancelled the Liberals' cap and trade carbon tax and we reduced WSIB premiums allowing businesses to keep more of their money to reinvest and to create jobs. Keep in heart at work making Ontario a competitive place to invest, grow a business, and create jobs. Could the Premier tell the House how our first budget builds upon this success? Questions to the Premier? Well, first of all, thank you Mr. Speaker and I want to thank the member from Eglinton Lawrence. What an incredible champion. You know something, I know a lot of people up in Eglinton Lawrence and she's an absolute champ up in the area there. Let me also take a moment to thank our incredible Minister of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade. We've been travelling around the province talking to small, medium and large companies and they're just over the top with their government. They know they have a government, it's a pro-job legislation government. That means it's pro-people and when you have pro-people you have pro-community, pro-Ontario. We are thriving right now. Our biggest problem out in the province, we've created the environment to create so many jobs, we don't have enough people to fill these incredible jobs. We're putting incentives out there for companies to thrive and again when companies thrive the employees thrive. Thank you. Supplementary question? For his response, it is exciting to see the renewed confidence the business community has in Ontario because for far too long we've watched businesses leave our province and overtax and overburden and take their jobs with them. But those days are over. Ontario's competitiveness is a top priority for this government. We know that restoring the province's fiscal health goes hand in hand with restoring its economic health. And this is particularly important in light of recent tax reforms in the United States. Now more than ever, we must ensure that Ontario can truly be open for business and open for jobs. Could the Premier please inform the House what our government is doing in our budget to increase Ontario's competitiveness advantage? Premier Durenton. Again, through you, Mr. Speaker, I want to thank the member for the great question. We promised we'd cut corporate income tax and that is exactly what we're doing. We're actually delivering earlier on our commitment for that. The Ontario Job Creation Investment Incentive will reduce the tax burden on businesses. We create immediate investment into Ontario, Mr. Speaker. What we're doing, and I have always said with the federal government, if they do something great I'll compliment them. They worked with the province to accelerate the write-offs in any capital investment in any company. What they're able to do is invest and write it off immediately compared to prior, you'd have to wait years over years over years to write it off. So they're investing back into their companies. This incentive will provide $3.8 billion in Ontario tax relief for businesses over the next six years. It's estimated that the incentive will create between $50,000 and $90,000 net new jobs. That's on top of our other $125,000 jobs that we've created. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Member for Essence. Thank you very much, Speaker. My question is to the Premier. Speaker, throughout the week the Premier and his team have struggled to defend their plan to spend millions of public dollars making campaign stickers for Andrew Scheer. Millions more are forcing every gas station in Ontario to sport one and even millions more to collect a $10,000 fine from any businesses that refuse to pledge allegiance to Andrew Scheer. Speaker, now the Toronto Star reports that the government is about to flood the airways with even more partisan ads. The Premier campaigns and sends the bill to the taxpayers. Speaker, how much are we going to pay for the Premier's massive ego trip with these stickers in the province of Ontario? The member for Stormont Dundas, Southland Geary, come to order. The member for Etobicoke Center, come to order. Questions to the Premier? Minister of Energy. Mr. Speaker, just want to say last night Alberta sent a clear message. Member for Essence, come to order. The member for Essence, come to order. The member for Hamilton East Stony Creek, come to order. Clock's ticking. Yeah, it is. The member for Waterloo, come to order. Question is to the, as referred to the Minister of Energy. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. Last night Alberta spoke loud and clear, Mr. Speaker. They said NDP. And they chose a Premier who said right off the bat Alberta is open for business. Mr. Speaker, I see an alignment here, ending the carbon tax, Mr. Speaker. From Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and New Brunswick, we stand shoulder to shoulder to get rid of this job-killing regressive carbon tax. We're hearing from businesses across the province, Mr. Speaker, that the price, the sticker on every product is going to go up as a result of this job-killing regressive carbon tax. We won't have anything to do with it, Mr. Speaker. We have a responsibility to let the people of Ontario know how much the tax is costing, and we're going to put those stickers up so we have an opportunity to be reminded of it every time they go to get gasoline at that shop. Claimantry, the member for us at Stint. Mr. Speaker, it's clear that the Premier wants to campaign for the Prime Minister's job and stick the taxpayers of Ontario with the bill. Not only that, Mr. Speaker, he plans to hit anyone who doesn't go on this plan with a $10,000 a day fine. Mr. Speaker, if the Premier wants to be a part of the federal campaign, he should register with Elections Canada as a third party today. I can send the guidelines along to the Premier for his reference. Speaker, will he do that, or will he admit that these schemes are wrong and cancel them today? Conestoga come to order. The Minister for Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade, I can hear, must come to order as well. The member for King Vaughan has to come to order. Start the clock. Minister to reply. Mr. Speaker, what's sticking in the minds of the people who live in Essex? What's sticking in the minds of people from East Hamilton, Stony Creek? What's sticking in the minds of people in Timmins, Kiwetnum, Mr. Speaker? Algoma Manitoulin is the cost of this job-killing regressive carbon tax, Mr. Speaker. Now, some of those members over there drive big pickup trucks. I know at least one does, Mr. Speaker, to get around their vast riding for safety, Mr. Speaker. They help folks out. This is going to make gas way more affordable, unaffordable, Mr. Speaker. As those costs climb for the people of Northern Ontario, Mr. Speaker, we're taking a stand. We're fighting this job-killing regressive carbon tax, and every opportunity we are going to let the people of Ontario know where it hurts the most when they're fueling up their automobiles, their buses, their business vehicles, Mr. Speaker, that this is costing them and the people of Ontario too much, and we won't have anything to do with it. Restart the clock. Next question, the member for Sault Ste. Marie. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. My question is for the Minister of Transportation. I am ecstatic to hear our government's announcement of the Subway Expansion Project to get the GTHA moving again. With a total project cost of $28.5 billion, this is truly an amazing opportunity. An investment of this magnitude is not only important to help get the Toronto area back on track, but it is important for so many others in the province of Ontario. This incredible plan will take years to build and will certainly provide a significant boost to the economy by creating many jobs as well as creating great opportunities to suppliers in many industries and sectors. Can the Minister please explain the ways this project will help the province outside of the benefits to the future riders of the Subway? Minister of Transportation. Thanks very much, Speaker. I want to thank the member from Sault Ste. Marie for a great question, and he truly is an amazing member for Northern Ontario. The member noted last week we made a historic announcement in Etobicoke, $28.5 billion to build new subways in Toronto and the GTHA. Mr. Speaker, this is the largest investment ever made in Canada in order to get shovels in the ground and to build the subways, and that's what we're going to do. We are going to build subways in Toronto and the GTHA. The construction of these projects are going to create tens of thousands of jobs, well-paying jobs for middle-class people and for the hard-working people that want to get to work, Mr. Speaker. And I look forward to sharing more of the economical benefits in my supplementary. Supplementary question. Thank you again to the Minister. Mr. Speaker, in the words of my friend, the member from York Centre, I want to hear more about Subway, Subway, Subways. While the GTHA anxiously awaits the building of all this infrastructure, I could tell you that the people of my riding of Sault Ste. Marie are getting just as excited. As you are well aware, Mr. Speaker, my riding is home to Alguma Steel, a manufacturer of high-quality CITT-certified steel plate. And we are thinking that you are going to need a lot of steel, steel, steel. Okay, I'm going to interrupt the member, I'm going to interrupt the member and ask the opposition to come to order so that I can hear the member who's at the other end of the chamber. I would ask the member to conclude his question. And you know what, Mr. Speaker? That is going to create a whole lot of jobs, jobs, jobs. So, Mr. Speaker, will the Minister please tell us more and more and more about all of the opportunities that this will create for all of the people of Ontario? Minister of Transportation, reply. Thanks very much, Mr. Speaker, and thanks for that follow-up question. As a member has stated, our province is going to need plenty of skilled trade workers and materials like steel to build the subways going forward. So we can build the subways in Scarborough, the Young Extension, we can build out the Eglinton East, the West, excuse me, and of course the much-needed Ontario Line. Mr. Speaker, the NDP may want Alguma Steel not to be involved in the process. They may want them to shut it down, but we believe all companies throughout Canada, throughout the world, should be able to bid. We need people like Alguma Steel and all job creators to put their pencils down, to sharpen them up, be part of the RFP process so that we can get the shovels in the ground as soon as possible, as soon as they're released. We're going to get these tenders, and we hope that all companies are part of the process. We're not giving up on Northern Ontario. We think it's a possibility if they bid right, Mr. Speaker, if they participate in the RFP process. There are job, job, jobs for Northern Ontario. The next question, the member for University, Rose Diff. Thank you. My question is to the Minister of Transportation. Yesterday, Toronto City Council released 61 important questions about the Premier's vague transit plan. These 61 questions cover everything from cost estimates, project life cycles, types of vehicles, ridership levels, and station locations. With the lack of details we've seen on the Premier's plan, it will be years before he can provide answers to these questions. How can the Minister expect Ontarians to support tearing up well-researched plans in favour of lines on a map when there are this many unanswered questions? Questions to the Minister of Transportation. Thanks very much for the question, Member Opposite. You know, I've answered this question previously that we're going to utilise the work that has been done to date in building our Ontario line. We're going to take the spine of the relief line and extend it out from Ontario Place to the Ontario Science Centre. The Ontario line is going to be built in. It's going to be built two years ahead of schedule. We're aiming for 2027, Mr. Speaker. That's what we're doing.  It's not going to take years to answer these questions, Mr. Speaker. We're going to get to work on these questions and get back to the City Council. But I think what the Member Opposite is missing out here is generally the Mayor has accepted support of our plans. The regional councillors are supportive of our plans, Mr. Speaker. The Subway Rider, the commuter, is finally saying thank you, thank you, thank you. We're finally going to get the extensions and expenses we need. I would hope the Member Opposite can get to work, help us move this project further. Let's build subways together. Restart the clock supplementary. Back to the Minister. The very same City of Toronto report also confirmed the Premier's broken promise of a transit tax transfer that will cost Toronto $1.1 billion over the next decade. That means much-needed repairs to buses, subway, tracks and stations that we put off indefinitely, putting the safety and sustainability of the system at risk. If you want to address overcrowding, you invest in the TTC with the transfer tax. If this government won't support transit now, why should anyone believe they will support transit in the future? Minister, again? Mr. Speaker, I don't understand how the Member Opposite can say that we don't support transit in this province. Mr. Speaker, we've invested $1.2 billion in the Ottawa LRT. We have committed to $1 billion to the Hamilton LRT. We've committed to expanding at the 6th laning of Highway 401 from Tilbury to Elgin County. We've committed to twinning the highway up in Canora. We've committed $28.5 billion to Subway's expansion in the City of Toronto. I would hope the Member Opposite could look up in a dictionary and see what is the opposition to this bill. We are supportive to transit in the city. We are going to work with the city through the terms of reference and continue our upload. We're going to take those maintenance costs off of the city's books in order to help them operate the TTC day-to-day. Mr. Speaker, Subway's are coming to Toronto and we're going to deliver them on time, on budget. We're looking forward to your support going forward. Start the clock. Next question, the Member for Don Valley West. Thank you very much, Mr. Speaker. My question is for the Minister of Education. Mr. Speaker, we have had an announcement from the Minister about the plan to take thousands of adults, including teachers out of grades 4 to 12 classrooms and schools, and to remember 440 hours of in-person classroom time from high school. Stop the clock. The Member for Don Valley West has every right to ask a question, just as every other member does, without constant interruptions right off the bat. You can ask the Member for Niagara West to come door. The Minister of Government and Consumer Services to come door. Start the clock. I apologize to the Member. Please place your question. Mr. Speaker, but right now there are no details about what those cuts are actually going to mean, school board by school board. Right now schools can't plan for the next school year. There are staffing committees can't do their work because the Minister has not yet informed boards about the size of their grants for student needs. As Minister of Education and then as Premier, Mr. Speaker, I endeavored to get GSNs to boards by March 31st, even if that meant releasing them before the budget, so that boards could have information about what was coming. Because of the uncertainty this year, the surplusing that the NDP has been talking about and is happening all over the province is happening because boards don't have those numbers. Mr. Speaker, the government made a very big fuss on budget day about releasing future budgets before the end of March and if that did not happen, the millionaire Premier and the millionaire finance minister would have to pony up a few thousand dollars. Thank you. The Member for Northumberland will come door. Start the clock. Minister to reply. I'm not going to make you apologize. Thank you very much, Mr. Speaker. She should have to apologize for that. I'm stunned at the question and the manner in which it was presented from the member opposite. Terrible. Disgrace. Because the fact of the matter is, after 15 years of mismanagement, when she had her hand on the education wheel, we saw schools across the province crumble. Speaker, we are getting back on track. We're listening and we're working with our education partners and we want to work with our labour partners. We've invited them to come to the table as early as April 29th. We want to hear in good faith their ideas and their suggestions how they might try and put some elbow grease into the situation that's broken and help us solve the issue that the Liberal government created under that member's watch. The fact of the matter is we're investing 13 billion dollars over the next 10 years to build schools and to renew schools. Thank you. Supplementary question. Thank you very much, Mr. Speaker. Every time I ask a question about education, there's a heckle across the floor that there were schools closed on our watch. Mr. Speaker, there were eight. The member for Northumberland, Peterborough South, will come to order. The member for Northumberland, Peterborough South, is warned. Start the clock. I would ask the member for Don Valley West to conclude her question. Mr. Speaker, the point is that the question has not been answered. This is not business as usual. The minister knows full well that if all the decisions about cuts and changes have been made, she could either release the GSNs or at least reach out to the directors of the 72 boards and tell them what is coming. The minister's lack of action on this front raises the question of what else is going on. Is the minister actually interested in creating turmoil in the system or is the minister withholding information from the boards because she is looking for further ways to cut the education budget? Is that what is going on, Mr. Speaker? Order. The member for Windsor West has to come to order. The minister can reply. Thank you very much, Mr. Speaker. And I totally and absolutely reject, I can't even spit that word out, reject the premise that that member opposite is trying to catch weight because the fact of the matter is, it is taking absolutely every effort we have within our ministry to get back on track after 15 years of mismanagement that that member was responsible for. So let me tell you what we're doing. We're working with our boards every day and they know that they'll be receiving their GSN numbers by April 25th and over and above that, they know that we're sincere when we say we are going to focus on getting back to the basics and the fundamentals to make sure student achievement is once again the number one priority for education in Ontario and again, we're investing in education this year over $700 million alone to start fixing the problems that that member opposite created under her watch and I can't wait to get started again. The GSN numbers are over. Restart the clock. The next question, the member for York Centre. My question is for the Minister of Finance. Speaker, the most difficult time for a family is the loss of a loved one. It's a time when families need support most. When dealing with the death of a loved one, the last thing a family wants is to deal with the tax bill from the government. That is why I'm proud of the changes being proposed to the Estate Administration Act in the last week's budget. Can the Minister of Finance please tell the House what our government is doing to restore respect for families in their time of need? Question is to the Minister of Finance. Thank you, Mr. Speaker and thank you to the member from York Centre for that thoughtful question. Last week, we were proud to stand in this legislature and deliver our government's first budget. Budget 2019 is a plan that respects families, puts people first and protects what matters most. And Speaker, as part of that plan, we are proposing to eliminate the Estate Administration tax on the first $50,000 for all taxable estates. With our proposed changes, about 2,500 estates would be exempt from paying tax and all other taxable estates would see an approximately 20% reduction in the estate tax they are required to pay. Now Speaker, this is all about restoring compassion and respect for families, putting people first during the most difficult time of their lives. Thank you, Speaker, and thank you to the Minister of Finance for that response. I'm proud to be part of a government that stands up for families when they need it most. Mr. Speaker, the previous government imposed arbitrary timelines for families to file returns which caused undue hardship and stress on already grieving families. They were forcing families to provide a detailed account of their assets to the government within days of passing of a loved one. It was an approach which showed no compassion whatsoever. This is a tough time for families and they have every right to expect sympathy and understanding from their government. Can the Minister of Finance further outline how these changes speak to our government's commitment to put the people first? Thank you, Speaker. As a government, we should be focused on reducing the burden not adding to the burden of families. That is why we are extending the deadlines for filing returns from 90 days to 180 days in order to reduce the burden on grieving families. Unlike the previous government, we will give families more time to respond to the unexpected death of a loved one. In addition, our government will continue to explore options to provide even further state administration relief including to charitable donations. We're fundamentally changing the way government treats taxpayers and building a relationship that is founded on respect. The people of Ontario deserve nothing less. Speaker, our government is and will remain focused on putting people first and ensuring they are always at the centre of every single decision we make. The next question is from Waterloo. My question to the Minister of Transportation. This government's first budget cuts $250 million from our provincial highways with further cuts planned down the road. This means less money or even no money for projects like the twinning of Highway 7 between Kitchener and Guelph. This project was first announced in 2007. It is the ultimate Groundhog Day project. Unfortunately, this project was absent from this budget and so far the government has only committed funding for repaving. The province has already spent $120 million on this project. It just needs to get done. Can the government commit to a funding, a commitment and a completion date for the twinning of Highway 7 between Kitchener and Guelph? Minister of Transportation. Thanks very much, Mr. Speaker. Thanks to the member opposite for that question. I heard yesterday on the radio the member opposite was saying that this plan, this project was cancelled, which is untrue, Mr. Speaker. In fact, we're doing our due diligence in reviewing every and all project that we've put forward has been in the books and ensuring that we're going to plan this outright and ensure that projects are underway. The new Highway 7 from Kitchener to Guelph, as I said, is still under review and our capital plans are going to be released in the next couple of months. I respectfully ask the member to stay tuned for how we're going to proceed. Construction of Highway 7 is undergoing three new phases to be built. 80% of Phase 1 constructions are complete with the final Phase 1 construction project at the Victoria Street Bridge in Kitchener is going to be completed later this spring. Design of two new Highway bridges across the Grand River continues, Phase 2 of the project, a design and construction report of the new Grand River bridges will be made available for a 30-day public review after the design is complete and environmental field work is ongoing, Mr. Speaker. Supplementary. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. Kitchener Waterloo has been stay tuned for 12 years now. It's a long time in the coming and right now it is not in any plan and it was not in any budget. If this government won't commit to the construction of Highway 7, then they should be actively working to ease traffic between Kitchener and Guelph. If two-way all-day go, for instance, was actually delivered, at least some people would be able to move safely between Kitchener and Guelph, saving valuable time. And this project has also been proven to be an economic driver for the entire region. But both projects, both the go and the 20 of Highway 7 are in an undetermined future date but with no funding commitments attached. But the government has been clear that there is money on the table for Toronto transit projects while other areas in the province like the Highway 3 project in southwestern Ontario, why can't they be clear about the funding for Kitchener Waterloo? The member for King Vaughan come to order. Minister of Transportation will reply. Thanks very much, Mr. Speaker. I don't understand why the members trying to be divisive on this issue. I think it's something we're all working to go forward on this. Members of the Kitchener region on this side of the house, talk to me daily about how we're working with Highway 7. We've increased Kitchener Go by 25% over the last year, Mr. Speaker. We're working towards two-way all-day go for Kitchener. Look, Mr. Speaker, we're investing across the entire province in builds. As I mentioned earlier in the previous questions, from Canora to Ottawa, down to the London area. We're in between, Mr. Speaker. But, you know, it's ironic that this member opposite is standing up. Where was she for the past seven years under the obviously liberal government who never delivered? Never delivered. But what did this member do? She propped them up and supported them at every single budget that didn't deliver Highway 7. This government is going to deliver on our promise, Mr. Speaker. Start the clock. The next question, the member for Whitby. Mr. Speaker, my question is to the Minister of Transportation. Yesterday, the Minister made a very exciting announcement that affects Durham Region residents. Mr. Speaker, our government for the people made a commitment during the election to get the people of Ontario moving. And in just nine months, we've made strides in doing just that. For Durham Region alone, our government has announced 15-minute midday service between Oshawa Go Station and Union Station on Thursday to Friday, doubling, Mr. Speaker, midday weekday service. The opening of new park and ride lots in Durham Region, increased the size of some of the trains on Lake Shore East Go train from 10 to 12 cars and allowing kids 12 and under to ride free on Go Transit. Can the Minister of Transportation share the details about yesterday's announcement? Questions to the Minister of Transportation. Thank the member from Whitby for that question and such a great caucus whip keeping us in line here every day. So thanks very much for that question. Mr. Speaker, members of our government from the Durham Region are unrelenting champions on improving transit opportunities for the region and I'm constantly working with them day in and day out. And Mr. Speaker, I was pleased to announce yesterday that as of today, our government is adding a new express Go train on the Lake Shore East Line. This line will offer more choice for transit users and commuters traveling from Oshawa, Whitby, Ajax and Pickering. We are putting people first by investing in public transit to shorten commute times and get people moving faster so they can be where they need to be much faster and in fact get home after a long day outside. When we build and invest in transportation we're getting people home and that's the key focus Mr. Speaker. We're going to continue to build we're going to continue to expand on Go Transit. Mr. Speaker, it's going to be nothing but great news coming from this government with regards to transit. Thank you. Supplementary. Thank you to the Minister of Transportation for that great response. And I'm thrilled to hear this news and I know the residents of Durham Region as well as my caucus colleagues are excited about these additional trains. Speaker, Durham residents will now be able to enjoy a new weekday morning express Go train leaving from the Oshawa Go Station at 7.50 a.m. then serving Whitby, Ajax arriving at Union at 8.42 a.m. and a return triple leave Union Station at 4.50 p.m. running Express Speaker the Pickering Go Station and stopping at Ajax and Whitby stations before arriving at Oshawa Go Station at 5.43 p.m. Can the Minister of Transportation share more information about this great announcement? The Minister of Transportation. Thank you again for that supplemental Mr. Speaker. We will be adding express train in the morning and in the evening commute. Mr. Speaker, our government for the people in just nine short months have made significant announcements that benefit people across the entire province and I'd be happy to share what we've announced so far Mr. Speaker so the Chamber can hear it and the members opposite can hear it what has happened. We've announced the largest investment to build subways in Toronto in the GTA 28.5 billion dollars. Together we ended the drive clean program. We've expanded Go Service that offers commuters more choice for commuters in Markham and Brampton, Etobago, Kitchener, Niagara we've invested 1.3 billion dollars in highway infrastructure outside of the GTA. We're investing 1.62 billion in joint provincial and federal funding for critical public transit outside of the GTA. We're investing 1.2 billion dollars in Ottawa Stage 2 LRT we're investing a billion dollars in the Hamilton LRT Mr. Speaker even announced the stage rise for the ongoing graduation go-station with Wyermann and we're just getting started Mr. Speaker the next three years are going to be so exciting for transit. Order. Restart the clock. Next question the member for Brampton East Thank you Speaker. My question is to the acting Premier Brampton has been left behind for far too long. The past 15 years of Liberal governments has left our City having only one hospital that is chronically underfunded the most expensive car insurance in this country and at the 11th hour promise for university that was cancelled by this conservative government. People in Brampton want change but instead of things getting better they're going from bad to worse. There was not one word in the budget about a new hospital for Brampton but there are drastic cuts to education and transit that will hurt our city. Why is this act Brampton behind. Thank you very much. Well I thank the member for the question. I agree with you that the previous liberal government led things from bad to worse especially in health care but we're fixing that. We have a plan. Is going to make sure that we put the needs of patients first and foremost as we have in every other decision that we make. We understand that Brampton is a growing community that there are concerns with growth. We have a capital plan for hospitals both for new bills as well as for making sure there are existing hospitals are kept in good shape. So we have put aside a huge amount of money 17 billion dollars in capital over the next number of years to make sure that we can do those builds and that we can do those maintenance and repairs that need to be done to keep hospitals across the province open for business including in Brampton. Supplementary question. Let's look at the conservative track record for Brampton. Since getting elected they have already approved increases of car insurance rates. They cancelled our university and they voted against ending our health crisis in Brampton. Brampton is the ninth largest growing city in our country. It is the fastest growing city in this country but despite this the conservative government does not even name Brampton even once not even once for any sort of investment in their budget. Wow. The people of Brampton deserve better. We deserve a budget that would have ended hallway medicine brought into university and lowered car insurance rates. Instead we got a budget that gave us nothing. My question is very clear why. Deputy Premier? The Minister of Finance. Referred to the Minister of Finance. Well thank you Speaker as can be seen in our thoughtful budget the fear mongering that came from the NDP was all for naught. The budget balances in five years while protecting what matters most health care education and our core public services. The health budget alone increases $1.3 billion this year with $384 million to hospitals. $267 million added to home care. In addition we're investing $90 million in new low income seniors dental plan. I'm really looking forward to the NDP voting in favor of this budget to give those seniors that much needed relief. The education budget increases by $700 million this year and we're investing $13 billion over 10 years in capital improvements including $1.4 billion this year alone and $1 billion for 30,000 new daycare spots in schools. We're looking forward to the NDP voting. Thank you. Next question. The member for Burlington. The Minister of Education. It is clear that our government's budget is designed to protect what matters most and puts people first. After years of waste and mismanagement it is great to see that we finally have a plan that will restore the people's trust in governments and put more money in people's pockets. I've heard from numerous people in my writing of Burlington that child care is unaffordable and not accessible. The good people of Burlington are thrilled that the care tax credit is going to help them accessing high quality and affordable child care. Can the minister please explain how the government is bringing relief to Ontario's parents and helping them access more options when it comes to child care? Great question. Minister of Education. Thank you very much Mr. Speaker. I thank you to the amazing member from Burlington. She's a very proud person. She cares every day and I am so proud to share with you Speaker that our plan is proposing to help support our parents like never before. This is about giving parents not the government control over the child care decisions that they have to make. Our child care access and relief from expense tax credit or care for short will provide 300,000 Ontario families with funding up to 75% of their eligible child care expenses. Families will have the ability to choose from the child care option that is best suited for their children including care in centres, in home care or camps. We know that by choosing appropriate child care it's it's absolutely the most important decision parents make. That's why we've designed care to be one of the most flexible child care initiatives ever introduced in Ontario. It's about giving parents choice and leaving more money in their pocket. Thank you very much. Supplementary question. Thank you Speaker and thank you to the minister. You're doing a phenomenal job and for all the parents and all the children. Government believes in empowering parents to make the decisions that are best for their children and their families. Time and time again I heard that the previous government simply did not listen to the good people of Ontario. It is so refreshing to hear that finally we have a government that will support parents and put them in charge of making important decisions for their children. Could the minister please tell me more about how the care tax credit will bring the greatest relief to parents and families in Ontario. Absolutely I'd be pleased to share more information on this support. Families in Ontario could receive up to six thousand dollars per child up to the age of seven. Three thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars up to sixteen and families or parents that have children with special needs will receive eight thousand two hundred and fifty dollars. Speaker that is per child in the family and families who support a child with going to camp or in care or in home child care have so many opportunities to offset their expenses they may occur and this will enable them to take on a new job or maybe work longer hours. We were in Pickering the amazing riding of Pickering last Friday the minister of finance and I heard firsthand from Herb Goldsmith that he owns he's been in the business for 40 years and Herb Goldsmith says this is the best thing to happen for parents in decades and we really appreciate that perspective and you know we're going to build on existing child care expansion expense deduction CCED and focus benefits on low and middle income families Mr. Speaker this will make. Thank you very much. The next question the member for East York. My question is to the Attorney General recently I met with lawyers from the South Asian legal clinic of Ontario which assists residents in beaches East York and elsewhere with their legal issues they were worried that legal aid funding would be slashed and they were right.  The clinic helped her get permanent residents and build a better life. Can the Attorney General explain why the government is balancing the books on the backs of vulnerable women like Monica. The question is to the Attorney General. Thank you very much Mr. Speaker and I think the member opposite for the question and and for raising the the difficulties that Monica has been facing and it's something that our government would like to to work to work with her with clinics and with with other government service providers to to assist her. Mr. Speaker the issues with legal aid have nothing to do with with the kinds of services they're providing. As I've said in this house they provide vital legal services for the most needy in our society. The problem with legal aid is the way it is currently structured. It doesn't make sense that a government invest spends more and more money on legal aid services and yet fewer and fewer people actually get those services. Mr. Speaker over the last five years legal is spent eighty six million dollars more and over a hundred thousand fewer people have received those services. Mr. Speaker I know that change is can be a little bit difficult but at this time the Attorney General has pointed out the need for his... Thank you. Supplementary question. Cuts have deep consequences. Another client Artie was desperate to leave her abusive marriage and needed her parents help to take care of her kids while she resettled. Salco helped her parents get a visitors visa. The racism and barriers that these clients face mean that they often live in fear. For them legal aid is a lifeline. Without it more women especially racialized women will be trapped in situations of poverty and gender-based violence. Can the Attorney General explain why this government continues to pay lip service to victims of gender-based violence but has just made it harder for women like Monica and Artie to rebuild their lives. The member for Sault Ste. Marie will come to order. The Attorney General to reply. Thank you Mr. Speaker legal aid is a vital service and that's why it is so important that we take the time and do the work to reform it. It is not working Mr. Speaker as it is currently structured. The Attorney General provided 15 recommendations on ways to improve it to make sure that those services are being provided to more and more people. Eligibility requirements were being increased year after year after year and over those five years Mr. Speaker a hundred and six thousand fewer people had access to those services Mr. Speaker that doesn't make any sense. It is difficult to change such a huge agency for the people of Ontario that we do this work so I would ask the member opposite to join us in supporting legal aid as it continues. I apologize the Attorney General once the evasion started I could not hear her I had to cut her off in midsends. The member for Ottawa Centre has to come to order. The member for Niagara Centre has to come to order. Start the clock the next question the member for Barry Innisfil no Barry Springwater. Thank you Mr. Speaker my questions for the Minister of Natural Resources and Forestry. Our government is aware of the absolute disdain the previous Liberal government had for Ontarians who enjoy taking advantage of our bountiful natural resources 15 years of neglect led to a moose tag draw system that failed both the hunting community as well as the tourist ministry in northern Ontario starting today April 17th Ontarians can submit applications for the 2019 moose tag draw. Mr. Speaker the Minister is very vocal in supporting the things that matter most Ontarians and this is yet another example can the Minister take a shot at updating us on how the government for the people is fixing this failed Liberal system and address the concerns expressed by the hunters. Minister of Natural Resources and Forestry. Thank you Speaker I want to thank the the member for that question and I will also want to thank you for standing up for Ontario hunters. My family are hunters too and I'm hoping the Premier will give me a couple of days off this fall maybe to join them. They were ignored far too long in the previous government unlike the Liberals our government for the people is listening to the valid concerns expressed by hunters. My ministry is reviewing our approach to how the province manages moose including the current tag draw system. We want to ensure a sustainable moose population and hunting opportunities for future generations. Throughout the review we will engage with hunters and other stakeholders to inform them of our decisions. In this supplement in the supplementary I'll be happy to expand on how our government is listening to hunters concerns. Thank you Mr. Speaker and I want to thank the Minister for his answer. I have some bad news for the Minister that even if the Premier says he can go he has to get through the whip. Mr. Speaker we know hunters across Ontario will be relieved to hear they finally have a government with a Minister of Natural Resources and Forestry who's willing to listen and take their concerns seriously. The current situation is a personal one for a lot of Ontarians. They're avid hunters and they use the moose tag system frequently. A review is long overdue. The previous government had years to fix a well-known problem in the system and they chose to ignore it and focus on raising taxes instead. Can the Minister update the House on what he hopes to achieve through this review? Minister. Thank you Speaker I again I want to thank the member for a supplementary. As mentioned in the great budget put forward by my colleague the Minister of Finance fixing the current tag draw system is an important part of the overall review of how Ontario Ontario's approach to moose management. By continuing to engage with hunters and other stakeholders I am confident that we will be able to identify solutions and address their concerns. Hunters are some of the best stewards of our natural resources and by working with them we will make the system simpler and more accessible and ensure a healthy moose population. Later today I'll have more to say on our new big game management advisory committee or Big Mac and the work they will do in the coming months. The work to clean up yet another liberal mess is only just beginning thank you Speaker. Pursuant to standing order 38A the member for Brampton Center has given notice of her dissatisfaction with the answer to her question given by the Premier concerning education cuts to the Peel District School Board. This matter will be debated today at 6 p.m. A number of members have informed me they'd like to raise points of order. The first one is the member for London Fanshawe. Thank you Speaker I rise in the corner of order this morning to draw your attention to a concerning behavior by the member from Peterborough Cawartha and it truly is disappointing that I actually have to bring this to the House's attention this morning the member from Peterborough Cawartha stooped to the level of looking over the shoulder of the member for Waterloo to copy information from her question to take details of the text of the government staff and took the text to the government staff before the question was even asked. This type of behavior speaker is a new low here in this legislature and it falls beneath the standard of conduct expected by all of us here the honourable members. Members should not have to worry about being accosted at their desks here in this house and I ask you to do whatever is necessary to ensure that this has not become the norm in this place. Thank you Speaker. I appreciate the member's point of order. We'll take it under advisement but I would certainly obviously indicate to the House that there has to be courtesy extended from member to member and we have to maintain a standard of decorum in here if we're going to have a civilized debate over the course of the next three years in a bit. Minister of Education. And I just want to correct my record because I want to manage expectations accordingly given that we don't know exactly how well the Mel will work. I want to assure school boards across Ontario will receive their GSN numbers by the end of April. Thank you very much. Member for Don Valley West on a point of order. Very much Mr. Speaker. I just beg the indulgence of the House to introduce the mom of Gwen Chesson who is one of our pages Vanessa Silver and her grandfather Gwen's grandfather Martin Chesson who are both in the House today. Thank you. Member for Mississauga Street still on a point of order. Thank you Mr. Speaker. I just like to take a moment to welcome a civilian member of the Peel Regional Police Mr. Jazz Singh. This House stands in recess until 3 p.m.