On the globe, it's theCUBE with digital coverage of AWS re-invent 2020, sponsored by Intel, AWS and our community partners. Okay, welcome back everyone. This is theCUBE's live coverage here in Pellowelt, though, California. I'm John Furrier, your host with Dave Vellante in Boston, Massachusetts. We got a great panel here. Analysts just going to break it down. Keynote analysis day one. We got a long time web services expert analyst, Dion Hinchcliffe, principal researcher and VP at Constellation Research, but he goes way back. Diane, I remember 2001 timeframe, where you and I are reading. Last time you and I hung out was in Michael Errington's house back in the tech French days, right? Back when, you know, you were on time. This was web services. I mean, SOAs, servers or any architectures, they called it back then. This was the beginning. This really was the catalyst of cloud. If you think about virtualization and web services in that era, that really spawned where we are today. So, great to have you on. That's what Amazon got their start, saying that, you know, everyone can get whatever they want through an API now, right? All right, well, we've been riding this wave, certainly, and it's gotten now more clear for the mainstream America. And I quoted you in my story on Andy Jassy when I had my one-on-one with them, because I saw your talk with Sarbeat of the weekend, and the way you kicked it off was the pandemic was forced upon everybody, which is true. And that caught my attention because it was very notable because you talked to a lot of CIOs. Does Jassy's pitch resonate with them in your opinion? What's your take on that posture? Because we heard, hey, you know, get busy building or you're dying, right? So get busy building. That's what he's been saying. And I thought that was a good message, but I mean, and certainly I saw tweets that said, hey, he's just directly talking to the CIO, but if you ask me, he's still talking to the CTO, the technology opposite, who's got to build all this technology and bend it into the shape that it will serve the business. We talked to a CIO who wants to just try to get on the cloud. Their biggest challenge is, I need armies of people who know all these brand new services. You saw the development velocity of all the things that they announced and the things they re-emphasized. There was a lot of things that were bringing back again because they have so many things that they're offering to the public, but the developer skills are not there, the partner skills are not there. So you talked to CIO and says, all right, I buy in and I have had to transform overnight because of the pandemic. My customers have moved, my workers have moved and I have to like redirect all my IT overnight and cloud is the best way to do that. Where's all the skills for the training programs, the partner programs that allow me to get access to large amounts of talent. Those are the types of things that the CIO is concerned about from an operational perspective. We didn't hear anything about like a Salesforce type trailhead where we're going to democratize cloud skills to the very far ends of your organization. Yeah, and they just kind of scratched in the service. They did mention that, you know, Fargate's a way to get into serverless. I mean, this is ultimately the challenge, Dave. And Dianne, I get your thoughts on this because I was talking to a big time CTO and a big time CISO and the perspectives were interesting. And here's what I want you to react to. The C level say everything's got to be a service. Otherwise we're going to be extinct. Okay, that's true. I buy that narrative. Okay, make it as a service. Why not use it? And then they go to the CTO and they say, implement. They go, well, it's not that easy. So automation becomes a big thing. And then so there's this debate, automate, automate, automate. And then everything becomes a service. Is it the carp before the horse? So is automation the carp before the horse for everything as a service? What do you guys think about that? Well, I mean, it's like CIOs to Dianne's point are a highly risk averse and they like services and those services generally are highly customized. And I think the tell in the bevy of announcements, the buffet of announcers that we heard today was in the marketplace. I don't know what you guys thought of this or if you caught this, but there was a discussion about curated professional services that were tied to software. And they were classic PDIM services, but they were very tight. So sort of off the shelf professional services. And that's kind of how Amazon plays it. And they were designed to be either self-serve it to Dianne's point, the skill sets aren't necessarily there or third parties, not directly from Amazon. So that's a gap that Amazon's got to close. I mean, you talk about all the time without posts, installations, going on-prem, who's going to support and service those things. You know, that's a white space right now, I think, for AWS. I think we're still reading the tea leaves on the announcements, but there was one announcement that was I thought really important and that was this VMware cloud for AWS. It says, let's take your VMware skills, which you've honed and cultivated and built a talent base inside your organization to run VMs and let's make that work for AWS. So I thought the VMware cloud for AWS announcement was key. It was a sleeper, it didn't spend a lot of time on it, but the CIO's ears are going to perk up and say, wait, I can use native-born skills I already have to go out to the cloud. So I didn't think they did have one announcement I thought was compelling in that regard. And then the spending data shows that the VMware cloud on AWS is really gaining momentum. By the way, as you see in that open shift, so you see in that hybrid zone really picking up. And we heard that from AWS today, John, you and I talked about it at the open. Hybrid is in. Yeah, Ty, and I want to double down on that point you made because I want to get your thoughts on this as the analyst because, you know, the VMware is also a tell sign to what I'm seeing as operating and developing DevOps as we call it back in the day, but you got to operate IT. If Jassy wants to go after this next tier of spend on premise and edge, he's got to win the global IT posture game. He's got to win hybrid. He's got to get there faster. To your point, you got to operate it. It's not just develop on it. So you have a development environment you have an operational environment. I think the VMware thing that's interesting because it's a nice clean hand and glove. VMware has got operators who operate IT and they're using Amazon to develop but they work together. There's no real conflict like everyone predicted. So is that the tell sign? Is the operational side, the challenge, the dev? How does Amazon get that global IT formula down? Is it the VMware partnership? I think part of it is they're finally learning to say the leverage that the vast pool of operational data they have, I mean, they're literally watching millions of organizations run all their different services. They should know a lot. And I say made this that point today, is that, well, people ask us all the time you must have all these insights about when things are going right or wrong. Can you just tell us? And so I thought the announcement around the DevOps guru was very significant also saying, you don't necessarily have to, again, teach all your staff every in and out about how to monitor every aspect of all these new services that are much more powerful for your business but you don't yet know how to manage, especially at scale. So the DevOps guru is going to basically give a dashboard that says based on everything that we've known in the past, we can give you insights, operational insights that you can act on right away. And so I think that is again, a tool that they can be put in place on the operational side, right? So VMware for cloud gives you migration ability of existing skills and workloads. And then the DevOps guru, if it turns out to be everything they say it is, could be a real panacea for unlocking the maturity curve that these operators have to climb. Well, AWS is in the business now of solving a lot of the problems that it sort of helped create. So you look at, for instance, you look at SageMaker data wrangler, trying to simplify data workloads. I mean, the data pipeline in the cloud is very, very complex. And so they can get paid for helping simplify that. So that's a wonderful, virtuous circle. We've seen it before. Yeah, I mean, you get a lot of real-time contact lens. You've got quick site. I mean, they have to kind of match the features.  Okay, they won the IaaS pass and their innovation is great. The custom chips, I buy that. The machine learning, all awesome. So from the classic cloud, IaaS, infrastructure and platform as a service business, looking good. Now, if you're thinking global IT, I just don't, I'm just not connecting the dots there. See Outpost, what's real today for Amazon? Can you guys share?  What's actually going on if you're looking at this as a CIO? So the challenge you have as a CIO is that you have 10, 20 or 30 or more years of legacy hardware, including mainframes, right? Like, so big insurance companies don't use mainframes because their claim systems have been developed and they're very risk-averse about changing them. So you have to make all of this work together. Like, you know, we see IBM and Red Hat are actually chasing that mainframe angle, which is going to die out. Where Amazon I think is smart is saying, look, we understand that container is going to be the model, container orchestration is going to be how IT goes forward. The CIO is now buying to that.  And so we see the open sourcing of AWS's Kubernetes server and we see plenty of container options. That's how organizations can build cloud-native internally.  Everything's ready there. I like what I'm seeing without posts. I like what I'm seeing with the hybrid options, the VMware for cloud. They're building a pathway that says, you can do real cloud. And I think the big announcement that ASSEI really spent time on, which is at ECS for everywhere, and saying, you're going to be able to put Amazon services, our compute services, anywhere you need it. I think that's a smart message and that allows people to say, I can eventually get to one model to get my arms around this over time. Dave, what does that mean for the numbers? I know you do a lot of research on spend, customer data. CIOs clearly know this is going to be, the world's never going to go back to the same way it was. They certainly will accelerate cloud to what level depends upon where they are and their truth, as Jassy says. But what does the numbers look like? Because you're looking at the data, you got Microsoft, you got Amazon. What's the customer spend look like? Where are they going to be spending? Well, so a couple of things. One is that when you strip out the SaaS portion of both Google and Azure, as we know, I ask and pass, AWS is the leader, but there's no question that Microsoft is catching up. As I said, we were talking about earlier, it's the law of large numbers. Just to give you a sense, Amazon this year will add, Q4 is not done yet, but they'll add 10 billion over last year and Jassy sort of alluded to that and they'll do that in 12 months. Azure will add close to nine billion this year of incremental revenue. Google much, much smaller. And so that's just seeing Azure really catch up there for sure, closing that gap, but still Amazon's got the lead. The other thing I would say is, and Diane, you and I were talking about this, is that Google is starting to do a little bit better. People love their analytics. They love the built in machine learning to things like BigQuery. And even though they're much, much smaller, they're another hedge. People don't necessarily want to go to Microsoft unless they're a Microsoft shop. Google gives them that alternative and that's been a bit of a tailwind for Google. Although I would say, again, looking at the numbers, if I look back at where Azure and AWS were at this point in where Google is with a few billion dollars in cloud, the growth rates, I'd like to see Google growing a little faster. Maybe there's a COVID factor there. Diane, I want to get your thoughts on this transition, Microsoft, Oracle, competition. Jassy knows he's got to deal with the elite sales forces out there, Oracle and Microsoft. Microsoft used to be the innovator. They had the phrase embrace and extend back in the day. Now Amazon's embracing and extending, but they got to go through Oracle and Microsoft if they want to win the enterprise on-premise business and everybody else. So welcome to the party, Amazon. What's your take on them versus Microsoft? Calling them out on SQL Server, licensing practices almost thrown them under the bus big time. Well, I think that's, we saw the evidence today that they're actually taking aim at Microsoft now. So Babelfish, which allows you to run Microsoft SQL Server workloads directly on Aurora. That is what I call the escape pod. That gives organizations an easy way that doesn't require them to redesign and re-architect their applications to say, just come over to AWS, right? And we'll give you a better deal. But I think we've got to see Amazon have a more comprehensive sales plan to go into the CIOs and go after the big deals and say, we want to save the whole cloud suite. We have a stack that's unbeatable. You see our velocities, best in class, arguably against Microsoft is the big challenger, but we'll beat you on total cost of ownership.  Things like that, we'll get the attention. But Amazon is not known for cutting customized deals. Actually, even frankly, I'm hearing from very CIOs of very large, like Fortune 20 companies, they have very little wiggle room with Microsoft. Anybody who's willing to go to the big enterprise and create custom deals, if you build a sales team that can do that, you have a real shot at saying, getting into the CIO's office and saying, we want to move all the IT over. And I'm seeing Microsoft getting wins like that. I'm not yet seeing Amazon and they're just going to have to build a specialized sales team that go up against those guys and migration tools like we saw with Babelfish that says, if you want to come, we can get you over here pretty quick. I want to chime in on Oracle too, John. I think this is a blind spot somewhat for AWS. I mean, Oracle and mainframes. When Jassy talks, it talks like, oh yeah, these people want, they want to get off there. And there's no question. There are a number of folks that are unhappy, certainly with Oracle's licensing practices, but I talked to a lot of Oracle customers that are running their shops on Oracle database. And it's really good technology. It is world-class for mission critical transaction workloads. And transaction workloads tend to be much, much smaller data set sizes. And Oracle's got decades built up. And so their customers are locked in and they're actually reasonably happy with the service levels they're getting out of Oracle. So yes, licensing is one thing, but there's more to the story. And again, CIOs are risk averse. To Diane's point, you're not just going to chuck away your claim system. It's just a lot of custom code and it's just the business case isn't there to move. Well, I mean, I would argue that, well, first of all, I see where you're coming from, but I would also argue that one of the things that Jassy laid out today that I thought was kind of a nuanced point was during the vertical section, I think it was under the manufacturing, he really laid out the case that I saw for startups and or innovation formula, that horizontal integration around the data, but then being vertically focused with the modern app with same machine learning. So what he was saying, and I don't think he did a good job doing it was, you can disrupt horizontally in any industry. And that's a disruption formula. But you still can have that scale and that's cloud, horizontally scalability cloud, but the data gives you the ability to do both. I think bringing data together across multiple silos is critical, but having that machine learning in the vertical is a way you can differentiate. So horizontally scalable, the vertical specialization for the modern app, I think is a killer formula. And I think that's a really strong point, John. And you're seeing it in industries like for instance, Amazon getting into grocery and that's a data play, but I do like to follow up on your point, the contact center solutions, I like the solutions play there and some of the stuff they're doing at the edge with IoT, the equipment optimization, the predictive maintenance, those are specialized solutions. I really like the solutions focus which several years ago, Amazon really didn't talk solutions. So that's a positive sign. Diane, what do you think about the contact center? I think that was just such low-hanging fruit for Amazon, why not do it?  Alexa gives them that natural language processing maturity to allow them to actually monitor that contact lens real time, allows supervisors to intervene in conversations before they go completely south, right? So allowing people to get inside decision windows they couldn't before. I think that's a really important capability and that's a challenge with analytics in general, is it generates four more insights than people know how to deal with and solutions like contact lens real time that says let's make these insights actionable before it's broken, let's give you the data and go and fix it before it even finishes breaking. And this is the whole predictive model, it's very powerful. All right guys, we have four minutes left. I want to segue and finish up with what was said in the keynote that was a tell sign that gives us some direction of where the dots will connect in the future. There's a lot of stuff that was talked about that was, you know, follow on, that was meet on the bone from previous announcements. Where did Jassy lay out what I would call the directional shift? Did you see anything particular that you said, okay, that is solid. I mean, the zones is one I can see what clearly is an edge piece. Where did you guys see some really good directional signaling from Jassy in terms of where they really go with dealing with start? I mean, I felt, I felt like Jassy basically said, hey, we invented cloud, he didn't use these words. We invented cloud and we're going to define what hybrid looks like. We're going to bring our cloud model to the edge and the data center just happens to be another edge point. And I thought he laid down the gauntlet. I think it's a very powerful message. Daniel, what do you think Jassy's been saying that he laid out here? That's- He laid out a very clear path to the edge, that the Amazon's marching to the edge. That's the next big frontier in the cloud. It isn't well-defined and that, you know, just like they define cloud in the early days, if they don't get out there and be the definitive leader in that space, then they're going to be the follower. I think so we saw announcement after announcement around that, you know, from the zones to the different options for outposts and the 5G announcement, the wavelength, all of those things says we're going to go out to the very tippy edge is what I heard, right out to your mobile devices, right out to the most obscure field applications imaginable. We're going to have an appliance or we're going to have a service that lets you put Amazon everywhere. And so I think the overarching message was this is AWS everywhere. It's going to go after 100% of IT eventually and so you can move to that, you know, this one-stop shop. And, you know, we saw more discussions about multi-cloud but it was interesting how they stayed away from that and this is what I think one area that they're going to continue to avoid. So, you know, it was interesting. John, I think the edge is won by developers and that's good news for Amazon and good news for Microsoft. Well, we'll see the facilities is going to be going. For me, I think guys, the big takeaway, you guys nailed two of them there, but I think that another one was, I think he's trying to speak to this new generation in a very professorial way. Talk about Clay Christensen was a professor at his business school at Harvard. We all know the book. But there was this posture of speaking to the younger generation, like, hey, the old guy, the old that was running the mainframe or wherever the old guys there, you could take over and run this. So it was kind of like more of a leadership preach of preaching like, hey, it's okay to be cool and innovative. Now's the time to get in cloud and the people who are blocking you are either holding on to what they built or too afraid to shift. So I think, you know, we, as we've seen through waves of innovation, you always have those people, you know, who are going to stop that innovation. So it was very interesting. You mentioned that with serverless too. It's the next generation compute. So he had that kind of posture. Interesting point. You know, just very, very preachy. And I think he's talking to a group of people who also went through the, through 2020 and they might be very risk averse and not bold anymore. And so, you know, I think that may have helped address that as well. All right, gentlemen, great stuff. Final word in the nutshell, Kena, what'd you think about it in general? What was the takeaway? You know, I think we saw the continued product development intensity that Amazon's going to use to try and thrash the competition. The big vision, you know, at the real focus on developers first, and I think IT and CIO is second. I think, before you had said it, they didn't really think about them too much at all. But now it's a close second. And you know, I really liked what I saw. And I think it's the right move. I'd like to see more on hybrid and cloud migration than we saw though. All right. I'd leave it there. Diane, thanks for coming on from this guest analyst segment. Appreciate you jumping in. Cube Live, thank you. Thanks guys, I appreciate it. All right, we're the Cube Virtual. I'm your host, John Furrier, Dave Vellante. Here, covering AWS Live, covering the keynote in real time. Stay more for more coverage after this break.


So let's do this one First, the complex ion pictured has a square planar geometry name the complex ion pictured and then draw the structures of the two geometric isomers of this complex Okay, and in fact I have the models built already so we can look at that too Okay, so naming this thing Right first we put the ligands and we got to put them in alphabetical order and they're all negatively charged If you if you don't know bromines are negatively charged cyanogrups or negatively charged of cyanide So this is going and we've got to put them in alphabetical order. So this is going to be called die-bromo die-cyano Then we put the Metal atom, but it's a negatively charged ion So it's going to be the nickel-8, and we have to figure out its oxidation state Well, this is negative one times two so negative two negative one times two so negative two so negative two Negative two so that's overall negative four right negative four so to get a negative two This must be positive Right, so so the name of this compound is die-bromo die-cyano nickel-8 two Okay, and now it wants us to draw the geometric isomers Okay, so remember the geometric isomers are going to be at the same Atoms connected to the same other atoms, but they're going to be arranged differently Okay, and it already told us it's in a square planar arrangement But the nickel in the middle so We'll draw the cis Complex first remember cis same side So this is the cis With the two groups being on the same side. Okay, so we're doing so let's do the trans isomers now So what is it going to look like it's going to have the nickel in the middle still, but instead of having the Same group on the same side. We're going to have different groups on the same side the same groups opposite of each other so this geometric isomer is called the trans isomers So that's when the same groups are opposite of each other Okay, so let's just look at what these two look like and instead of their square planar Right, so there's the cis Hopefully you can see the square planar arrangement. Okay, we've seen a few of these now Hopefully you can see the cis right same side ligands same ligands on the same side Let's compare that to the trans right the same ligands are on opposite sides of each other same ligands are on opposite sides of each other and Want to ask are these the same compound? No, they're not why because to inter-convert from one to another What would I have to do? I'd actually have to break a covalent bond and Reattach it so break two of them in this case Then I would get the same Okay, so they're actually different compounds even though They have the same molecular formula and the same atoms are bonded to the same Okay, any questions on this one? Okay wonderful


All right, we'll go ahead and get going here. Thank you guys all for joining us today. I want to say thank you to SOCAP for putting on this amazing event. This is our second year being here, and we're happy to be part of the programming. See what kind of value we can add to this amazing conference. I'd also like to thank, you know, this session was proposed for a popular vote. And so if any of you guys helped us get the stage today and make this session happen, we wanted to thank you too. And then lastly, thank you all for coming. Welcome to the Social Investment Opportunities with Indigenous Communities panel. My name is Michael Johnson. I'm a citizen of the three affiliated tribes of North Dakota, and I'm the Assistant Director of Development with the Native American Rights Fund. I've been doing fundraising, marketing, and development for national native nonprofits for about a decade now. I'm really excited to present this panel, and I'll do some introductions here in a moment. But we're just really excited to bring this amazing group of native experts to you guys to discuss different areas and opportunities found in Indian Country. Each speaker will have about 10 minutes to talk about how they see social investment opportunities, and then we'll save about 10 or 15 minutes to the end for questions. A little bit of housekeeping, and I do want to apologize. Chairman Dave Archambault Jr. and Andrew Rodriguez were not able to attend today, so I apologize about that. But believe me, we have amazing content experts here, and everything's going to be great. With that, a little bit of a session overview. We hope to provide an overview of Indian Country, including opportunities, insight into successful tribal relationships. Some of these will bring some examples of collaborations and ideas for future opportunities, and just kind of see where the conversation takes us. So without further ado, I want to introduce our panel. We have Mr. Donald Rigona, a citizen of the Matinacoc Nation of New York, he's also a relative of the Ogallala Sioux Tribe of South Dakota. He's the Director of Development and House Counsel for the Native American Rights Fund, and has been with that organization for 23 years. In the past, Don has worked as Outside Counsel for the Ogallala Sioux Tribe, and Special Counsel for the Shinnecock Nation. Next, we have Carla Fredericks, who is also a citizen of the three affiliated tribes of North Dakota. She's the Director of the American Indian Law Clinic at the University of Colorado Law School, and Director of the First Peoples Investment Engagement Program, a program with the University of Colorado Leeds School of Business. Next, we have Ms. Lacey Horn, she's a citizen of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. She's been the Treasurer of Cherokee Nation since 2011, and she oversees all financial functions for the tribal government, and the tribe's $1 billion annual budget, which includes the Cherokee Nation's Tribal Health Care System, which is the largest of its kind. Lastly, but certainly not least, we have Crystal Cornelius, a citizen of the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin, the Executive Director of First Nations Awista Corporation, which was incorporated in 1999, and is the sole intermediary lender for Native CDFIs in the nation. Awista's mission is to provide opportunities for Native people and communities to develop assets and create wealth by assisting in the establishment of sustainable permanent institutions and programs. So I just wanted to provide a little context and overview for the rest of the conversation. First and foremost, we just wanted to make sure you knew that Indian country is far from monolithic. The diversity and nuance of our nations is large, and we celebrate our differences with respect and honor, while coalescing around the issues that affect all tribes and native peoples. With more than 5.2 people in the country identifying as Native American, 573 federally recognized tribes, over 400 state recognized tribes, and a total land holding of more than 55 million acres. Tribes manage large land bases and large populations, and just for reference, California is about 100 million acres, Utah is less than 55 million acres in size. In the past century, native communities have been sidelined for most major capital projects and outside support for infrastructure. The reasons are many. They include the pervasive relationship with the federal government and control of our communities, systemic racism, the complexity of trust lands, and the isolation many rural native communities face, the myths of gaming, and we could spend an hour just talking about some of those barriers, so we'll move past that. And while we've seen growth of development and opportunities and bringing new ideas and partners to Indian country, much still needs to be done to address the socioeconomic status of our communities. Today, we'll explore some of the new ways that partnerships can go about winding up and having navigate and help navigate the sometimes confusing world of relationships, history, and opportunity in Indian country. So with that said, I'm gonna turn it over to Don, our first panelist. And Don, can you please speak about Native American Rights Fund, your work with Ogallala Sioux Tribe in Shinnecock about the history and landscape of investments in Native communities? And what do you see as the best approach to relationship building going forward? Thank you, Michael. And again, I wanna express my thank you to the SOCAP committee, and to those of you who voted to have this panel today, we truly appreciate that. The Native American Rights Fund is the oldest Native non-profit law firm in the United States. We take on issues for tribes, for Native organizations, and individuals of major importance. We work with a number of tribes on some key issues like the protection of Native natural resources, the accountability of governments to tribes, and that's both state and federal. We also look at the preservation of tribal existence, and we also produce and work on for and fight for the protection of Native human rights. Those are pretty broad contexts, but within that, we look at helping tribes either get recognized or restored from either they were somehow left out of the federal recognition process when this country was formed, or they were terminated during that horrific termination era in the 1940s and the 1950s, but we also work on a lot of other things like fighting the Keystone XL pipeline that's going through our homelands in South Dakota, in North Dakota, and Nebraska, and points south. We've worked with the Standing Rock Sioux people to fight the DAPL pipeline that was going through there. We've worked on a number of cases, including climate change, the protection of natural resources in Alaska, and most recently voting rights in North Dakota, protecting Native peoples' right to vote as American citizens. I can go on and on and talk about North, but that's some of the high points and some of the mainline cases that we've been working on recently. Michael had told you that I used to work be the general counsel for, one of the general counsels for the Oglala Sioux tribe and then also a special counsel for the Shinnecock Nation. And through all my years at both tribes, I've seen a number of businesses, individuals coming through, basically trying to get the tribes to partner with them on some type of business plan or business venture. And a lot of times, those individuals didn't make the grade and they didn't do business with the tribe. And I'll get into some reasons why in a little bit. I think it's important to know and actually one of the biggest reasons why that happened is a lot of people come in and they don't do the research. They don't understand that there are, as Michael had said earlier, 573 federally recognized tribes in the country. These tribes are unique in that they are sovereign nations. They have a unique special relationship with the federal government. They have the same, they're on the same status as states in the United States. So they're just not clubs that these people can go to. They have their own forms of government. They don't have their own judiciary systems. They have their own bodies of law. And I think most importantly, what people have to remember is we're not a homogeneous people, right? Even amongst tribes that are related, like the Oglala Siqiangua Lakota tribe, tribes like that, the Shinnecocks, the Matinnecocks, the Montauks, we still are unique unto ourselves, even though we may be of the same family groups, we all have our unique differences. And those need to be understood and they need to be respected. As well. Most importantly, with that again, we are political entities. We're not racial entities. And that allows us to move forward with establishing our own laws and doing our own economic development projects. That all being said, I think to really ensure a positive result when folks wanna come in and they wanna do business with tribes and on the reservations, they need to be ready to basically work with the tribes as real partners. The tribes being on sovereign nation and being on sovereign land in a lot of cases have a lot of unique things to offer for business partnerships. But when individuals go there, they have to realize a couple of things. They're gonna play by a different set of rules. They need to understand and need to accept and respect the fact that approval for businesses, you can't just go on and just set up a business. You have to, many times, and again, this is gonna vary from tribe to tribe, you have to go on and you have to be able to present ideas to tribal council. Council has to approve it. Sometimes the total tribal membership would have to approve it. And then getting by some of those hurdles, you also get to, in many cases, you're gonna be asked to, when you sign your contracts and agreements, you're gonna be asked to agree that the tribes laws are gonna be governing this contract and should there be a dispute, dispute will be handled if the tribe has its own court system within that tribe's court system. Again, think about it as if you're doing business with another country, whether it's Japan, whether it's England, whether it's Canada. You have to abide by their rules. And if you can go in to these tribes, to these nations, with that respect and go in with realizing that you're in a different country, you're in a sovereign nation, your chances of success are gonna be heightened. Some of you are asking, it's like, well, why? Why can't we just go into business? Well, part of your research prior to coming into Indian country, I think it would behoove you to kind of look at how Native nations have been dealt and treated with over the years, whether it's been by the United States or state governments, or whether it's been by individuals or businesses coming in and running roughshod over tribes. There's many examples of industries coming in and essentially extracting and leaving and often leaving kind of turmoil in their wake. So I think some of that is kind of good to acknowledge and good to know before you go in there. Just as if you're gonna do business in any other country, do your research, understand the folks who you're gonna be treating with, understand how the governments and political systems are set up. You know, that all being said, I think what's important to probably note here is that organizations that have come in over the years who have had the foresight to invest in Indian country early on, okay? They've achieved a tremendous amount of financial success along with their tribal partners in most cases. A perfect example of that is, I don't know if any of you have heard about the Mashantucket Pequots in Connecticut. They were the first really large-scale tribal casino that was, after they became recognized, that was going to be built and set up as a true casino resort. Well, back in the early 90s, that tribe could not get any of the banks or any partners in the United States to even look at them. Long story short, they wound up getting, taking a loan out from banks in Malaysia. They had investors from Malaysia. Fast forward, at one point, that tribe, the Foxwoods, became the largest casino operation in the country making over a billion dollars a year. Their investors were paid off within three years. Now today, you go to a native finance conference and you've got banks and finance houses all over the place trying to do businesses in Indian country. And less than 25 years ago, they didn't even want to know who we were. So early on, you can see that success. But more importantly, more importantly than the financial success that these partners have achieved, they've received, in my view, a greater success in the fact that they've helped contribute to the betterment of tribal communities, of tribal nations, and for the future of native people and native nations in those particular areas where they've partnered up with. Indian country needs partners. Indian country needs allies. But we don't need people telling us what to do. And once you've been able to be vetted by a tribe, once you've been able to do business with a tribe, and once you've been able to show that you're an honest, good partner bringing value and assets to native nations, you're gonna have strong allies and strong partnerships that can lead to other partnerships in Indian country as well. Many folks have achieved that. And so if you want to venture into Indian country, heed some of the things that I said, and I think you're gonna find a very valuable, very, very excellent business partner in that. Look at Indian country the way it was 60 years ago. 60 years ago, it didn't look anything like it is today. Look at Indian country today. Look at the amount of monies that not just gaming is producing, but all sorts of industries that have grown around Indian country and all different parts of the country. It's one of the best investments that people can make right in their own backyard. Michael, thank you. Thank you, Don. I think you bring up a really good point about how sometimes the rules and regulations, the policies within tribal communities can be a little bit different. And so, Karla, can you please talk to your experience about navigating relationships with the First Peoples Investment Engagement Program and how international norms like the United Nations Declaration on Indigenous Peoples, on the rights of Indigenous Peoples, reprior and informed consent, how these concepts can play a role in developing strong partnerships in Indian country. Yes, and I should say at the outset that we could really sit up here and talk all day about this. So if things go a little fast, we're all here to talk throughout the conference if people have questions. Again, thank you so much to SOCAP for including us and thank you to those of us, those of you who helped us win the popular vote and got us up here. And thank you, Michael, really, for your introduction, for organizing us. And then I'd also like to acknowledge, so I am the founder-director of the First Peoples Investment Engagement Program. I did a crazy thing where I took over an NGO as a law professor in a university, so that tells you a little bit about how smart or not smart I am. But I'd like to acknowledge here our lead funder on the Nathan Cummings Foundation in the room and then one of our advisory board members, Nick Tilson, who's here, so thank you both for your support of our new program. So our program is really interesting. Actually, it's interesting to have Crystal sitting up here too because the founder of First Peoples Worldwide also founded First Nations Development Institute. And we're really trying to honor that legacy in a couple of significant ways. We're really thinking about development in indigenous communities as two sides of the same coin. One side is outside development coming in. You know the story about negative impacts on indigenous peoples from outside development. I think most of us know that process as something called colonization. And then the other side of the coin is really what we're here to talk about today which is investment opportunities that are self-determined, which I'll talk about that definition in a minute, that have really the opportunity to improve the lives of indigenous peoples and to conduct development in a more responsible and sustainable way. So what we're doing with our organization is we're really thinking hard about where there are areas that could be improved so that this connectivity between investors and indigenous peoples is more consistent and coming from a better place on all sides and can coalesce a little bit better. So we have four pillars that we've been thinking about to inform this. And I know since I'm at Socap everyone likes to talk about pillars. So here are your pillars. The first pillar is really about empowerment. We see on both sides, both on the investor side and on the indigenous side. And to some of the things that Don mentioned, just a real lack of information to allow people to effectively engage with one another. And so the first thing that we think needs to happen is to really empower indigenous peoples and empower investors with the knowledge they need to be able to come to the table together. Of course, once people are empowered, the idea is that we would help connect them and that our organization can serve as a hub for indigenous peoples, companies, banks to connect regarding areas of intersecting interests and issues. And then the third pillar is about engagement. So recognizing that connection's simply not enough, that there's a big gulf of understanding, that there's a gulf of perhaps motivation and tension. Sometimes in these projects, a gap of just who is gonna be there when and as one tribal leader put it to me, this hedge fund is gonna be here for five years and then they're gonna sell their interests and we're here for life. So really helping indigenous peoples and entities engage about where they're at and where they're going. And then we have high hopes. We think that if people are connecting meaningfully with the tools that they need to be able to really engage honestly from a point of knowledge and compassion that we have the opportunity of working with indigenous communities and investors to really make transformational change. And the idea there is to really make tangible progress to transform these outmoded ideas of colonization and of really using indigenous resources but moving more into this new era of indigenous human rights. So Michael asked me to talk a little bit about what that rights-based framework means in this context. And again, this is very complex stuff but I think it's actually pretty easy to understand. So I'll go through it somewhat quickly. So there is a guiding document for indigenous rights now. It's called the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. It was adopted by the General Assembly in 2007 and every member state in the General Assembly more or less adopted it at that time with four big exceptions, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. All large countries with large populations of indigenous peoples they're in. And then those countries really led by the United States and the Obama administration adopted the declaration in 2009 and 2010. So what's really exciting about the declaration is it really puts forth a global consensus about indigenous rights as human rights and really thinks and deeply and is the result of several years of drafting a negotiation about what that means, especially with respect to development. And so I guess I would say this to all of you investor people that are in the room. The blueprint is there. There's no need, I think, to reinvent the wheel at least in terms of the types of commitments that you're willing to make in engaging with these communities because there is a global standard for this. And for those of you who care about global standards like the UN guiding principles on business and human rights, there is an obligation that investors have a responsibility under the UNGPs to respect human rights. And because the UN declaration is the operative human rights framework for indigenous peoples, there is an obligation for investors to abide by the UN declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples. So I hope I threaded that needle clearly for everyone because that's really important. It's not something that we all do out of the good of our hearts. It's not something that should be done because we feel sorry for indigenous peoples or because we want to take advantage of opportunity. There is an affirmative obligation in the UNGPs. So that being said, what does the UN declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples really say to guide what investors should be doing? And there are many articles of the declaration over 40. And although I'm a long-winded law professor, I'm just gonna go through a couple. So the first two articles of the UN declaration are about equality and inclusion. And I've heard a lot about that already today at SOCAP and yesterday. Equality inclusion vis-a-vis development has some pretty significant threads. One is development that supports human rights of indigenous peoples and encourages development that will protect indigenous peoples from discrimination. Partnership with indigenous organizations. This could be contributions related to core businesses. This could be PRI, this could be MRI, this could be philanthropic, this could be impact investing. Exploring opportunities to help include indigenous peoples in the value chain. Sourcing from indigenous-owned businesses. Providing access to capital for indigenous sustained development. I should mention, since I said sustained development, I should say sustainable development and then I should say the sustainable development goals. Because as Don was saying, there are tremendous opportunities to operationalize impact investing in Indian country. I would take it a step further and say there's actually tremendous opportunities to operationalize the SDGs right here in the United States. The United States doesn't just have extra-territorial obligations on the SDGs, I would argue. We have emerging nations right here within our borders. And so how can we think about implementation of the SDGs if that's a yardstick as part of your impact investing as applied to the emerging market economies that are right here in the United States? So those are the first and second articles and how those relate. And then there are several articles, three, four, five, six, and 23 about self-determination and self-governance. And that also goes to a point that Don was making about how when you're working with indigenous communities, there really needs to be a respect for what we say in the US nationhood, what said internationally, indigenous communities or governments. There needs to be a human rights-based respect for self-determination. It's all over the declaration and it really has specific obligations that arise in the development context. One of the things that comes up here is something that some of you in this room may have heard of, which is the concept of free prior and informed consent. Has anyone heard of that or F-PIC? Yeah, so it's interesting. If you go to an Extractive Industries conference, everybody would raise their hand. So that to me kind of shows like there's all these different little knowledge bases and all these little gaps that need to be infilled. So free prior and informed consent dictates that you can't do something to an indigenous community or something that's gonna impact them without achieving their consent that's freely given with full information and ahead of time. And so one of the areas that might be really interesting for you all to think about is renewable projects. So this conversation's been going on in the SDG context actually because goal seven talks about having access to clean energy, right? So everyone says like, oh, we gotta get behind renewables, 100%, this is great. And then the indigenous peoples are like, well, hydropowers are renewable and they're building a dam in my community and by the way, this activist who opposed the dam was just murdered by the government. And so that's a real thing. And just because it's renewable and just because it's impact in a certain way does not mean that it's impact that's in line with the principles of the declaration or in human rights. And I just wanted to be sure to mention that. So the other thing that I just wanted to mention about self-determination is as Don said, it's really requires participatory development that it's not okay to do something to indigenous peoples that really things want to be done in partnership with tribal communities or indigenous peoples. And that does take work. That's why we're doing what we do. It's really about trying to provide tool kits and support for doing things as we say in a good way, which means with everybody's agreement and consensus. So I guess I would just end by saying, I think it's a really exciting time. I think that impact investing has just a really outsize and wonderful role to play in changing the paradigm for indigenous peoples, a paradigm that's been going on for a very long time. And also to really create return. As Don said, these are lucrative projects in many ways. So I do think that the work that's going on in the space really has the potential to be transformational for indigenous peoples and tribal communities. Thank you. Thank you so much, Carla. Kind of continuing to build on that, Lacey, as the treasurer of Cherokee Nation, you obviously are right at the nexus of all the development or economic and community development that happens in your guys's region. Can you give us a couple examples of potential outcomes partnering with Indian country? Meaning domestic economic development, social impact investing, transformative development, supporting existing circular economies? Absolutely. First, I just want to thank you all for coming here today. And I do want to give a little bit of background on Cherokee Nation in general. We are the largest federally recognized in Native American tribe in the United States. We have 360,000 citizens. Our reservation is Northeastern Oklahoma comprised of 9,234 square miles. We have a very modern sophisticated tripartite government consisting of executive, legislative, and traditional branches. And we have a number of subsidiaries and we operate first and foremost as a sovereign tribal government, but also as a nonprofit, a foundation, and a for-profit corporation. Our for-profit corporation, the net income from that, goes directly into two investments. One, investing in social services that are invested in the Cherokee people and all the Natives that we serve today to see returns on investments in the future, as well as job creation within our 14-county reservation that enables our people to have solid access and as well as to the economies, building upon the economies in which we reside. One way to think about tribes is to think about us as somewhat as corporations that will never pick up and move. So just because another country has a better tax code, we're not going to pick up and move and go to another country. We're invested in our places, in our communities right now, in the here and now. We do tell the story that tribal profits are not used, tribal profits are used for social and community services not to buy a CEO his second yacht. And so in going into some of the partnerships that we've created, I'll talk a little bit about Macy's. I think everybody's familiar with Macy's and this is obviously a for-profit public company. In 2013, they were looking for a mid-America distribution site for their online sales and the competition got really hot between Oklahoma and Texas. Texas has an extremely friendly, pro-business friendly environment, no state income tax and a huge closing fund that they utilized to recruit businesses to locate within the state of Texas. And so it wasn't until Cherokee Nation came to the table and we brought both a competitive and a comparative advantage because the piece of property that they were looking at for the distribution site was located within our reservation. And so we brought four major things to the table. One is the federal tax incentives that is open to companies that are bringing businesses within to tribal reservations through the Indian Employment Tax Credit. So tax credits for every Indian or spouse of an Indian that are directly going to your bottom line. Accelerated appreciation, which again, tax credit going directly to your bottom line. We told Macy's that we would host all their job fairs for both their seasonal and their permanent employees. And if they were willing to hire a Cherokee citizen, that we would train up that Cherokee to have the exact skillset that they needed to go to work for them. The road out in front of their facility needed an upgrade. And in order to be able to get all those container trucks in and out, we said we'll put you on our federal roads list and we'll upgrade that road. And then the unheard of, something that you almost never hear from one business to another business, but our subsidiary Cherokee Nation Businesses gave Macy's half a million dollars to use at their discretion to incent this business to locate within the 14 counties because we knew that this was gonna be a major job creator within our area. And so we're constantly looking for partnerships, good partners that are going to create good jobs, sustainable jobs. We're not looking for the environmental polluters. We're looking for those companies that are going to be respectful to our values that are not just looking at transactional engagements, but our potential investors are searching for meaning by creating a lasting impact. Again, seven generations in the future. Partnerships with tribes are truly two-fold at least, both a financial return on investment today and a social return on investment many generations in the future. So what better way to support domestic economic development than by supporting the circular economies that the tribes are willing and able to provide? And so with that, I thank you all again for being here and hope to be a resource for you if you have any questions in the future. Thank you so much for that, Lacey and Crystal. Your work with the CDFIs around the nation really do exactly this, helping provide the seed money for transformative development in our entrepreneur citizenry in our communities. So can you speak a little bit about what those opportunities for investment and partnerships look like in native nations? Happy to, thank you. My name is Crystal Cornelius. I'm the executive director of First Nations, the Wista Corporation, and we are really a long-term backbone organization for lack of a better word. So we are a certified native CDFI and we are the only intermediary lender in the nation specifically serving native CDFIs. And while that's a really nice platform, I wish I could say, and we're actually fairly lucky that we have some additional intermediaries coming into the space, native led and native owned into the CDFI industry. One, brief little bit of history. So Don did a wonderful job of really kind of giving an overview of what Indian country looks like, the diversity of Indian country and the amount of tribes that we have located within the United States. So as with any business model, location, location, location is extremely important. So majority of our tribes upon colonization were moved to extremely rural areas. And with this, we see a lack of economic opportunity based on the rural location of these tribal communities. So one thing that we found very beneficial. In 1999, quick history, Congress essentially mandated a study and it took two years. So they asked Indian country at large and their question to themselves was, we keep giving a massive amount of federal funds to native tribes, why are a majority of these tribes still experiencing extreme poverty? So they did listening sessions for two years all across the nation, Alaska and Hawaii and a report was issued called the Native American Lending Study. And what that indicated was 17 major barriers to economic development within Indian country. And the first and foremost was a lack of affordable credit and capital to Indian country for private sector entrepreneurship or tribes to grow their additional assets. So this was very fortuitous and at the same time during the Clinton administration, the CDFI fund was born. Based on this study, there was a set aside and it still exists today, money specifically for native communities to create their own private financial institutions. So in 1999, we had two certified CDFIs. Today we have 70. And simply being when we look at the trajectory of the amount of these organizations, it's because they're working. It's because they're working in markets that are right for investment opportunity and growth. And it's working because we understand and have deep seated relationships with our communities in and of itself. So as a Wista being the only intermediary lender, we've really walked along the path these past 20 years and number one, helping to create quite a bit of these 77 CDFIs. And most importantly, typically we are the first investor in local CDFIs. And we have quite an obstacle Indian country at large in number one, being able to tell our own narrative of the strength and beauty of our communities. And then when we're looking at bringing in additional investment, there tends to be an inherent viewpoint that Indian country is a risky bet. Now that may be based on, you're not necessarily understanding some of these sovereignty issues. You tend to be outside of a location. And again, coming back to narrative, the rest of Mainstay America tends to know about Indian country based on non-Indians telling them about Indian country. So what's really beautiful about the native CDFI movement in and of itself is native CDFIs 99%. And this isn't only restricted just to native CDFIs. This is the whole CDFI industry at large in which we have over 1,200 organizations working throughout the country in marginalized communities providing access to credit and capital. Within native communities, we 99% were nonprofit organizations. So we partner with the tribes, but we're separate entities. And we really over the past 20 years have built up the financial fabric of our communities. So with that, a major endeavor for CDFIs obviously is the conjunction of education in correlation with financing. So before you receive any type of loan, we'll find that financial literacy courses are mandated as well as business courses, as well as home ownership courses based on what loan product you're offering. The sophistication of our CDFIs have grown immensely as well. So I can say initially when we looked at the beginning of the industry, typically what you'll find in a lot of these rural communities is number one, we know that there's not access to capital and credit, but there tended to be quite a bit of predatory lending institutions outside on border towns. And when we tried to partner with banks or some of our tribal members would go to banking institutions whether to get a credit repair loan, a business loan or possibly a housing loan, a majority of these banks are agricultural lenders and our people didn't have the collateral to meet their credit guidelines. So the answer was no. With the advent of the CDFI industry, we have now come to a yes. So a majority still do provide, but in the inception of our industry really provided a lot of consumer lending to either help build up credit or rectify past credit and then we've really built a fabric for private sector development. So we have a majority of our CDFIs, I would say about 70% provide business lending and the other 30% are really looking at housing endeavors. So with the ability to access credit, that's affordable, that's pertinent and that's patient within our tribal communities have really changed the economic landscape. Another important note too is a majority of CDFIs and these tribal loan funds are non-depository institutions. This has really allowed us to establish relationships with larger banking institutions or even some of the banking institutions on the border towns to create first time account holders within their organizations. So within First Nations, the Wester preview of services, we have the widest use financial education curriculum used in Indian country. It's called Building Native Communities Financial Skills for Families. We're now on our fifth edition. So with this, we track our data over the past 20 years based on the provision and the partnerships that were made with banking institutions from 20 years ago to today, we now have over 100,000 tribal members that are first time account holders and holding their funds or their savings in secured accounts, number one. Number two, and I think it's an interesting fact too, Indian country has changed so much just within the sophistication of self-determination in that a prime example on the Pine Ridge Reservation, one of the longest standing native CDFIs in the nation is the Lakota funds. Again, this is in South Dakota and the executive director came from a, her name is Tani Brunch, from a credit union background. Well, Pine Ridge is a huge, they have a huge land base and so with the depository services and credit services that were needed, there wasn't a lot of participation from the regular banks outside with outside the reservation borders per se and within South Dakota. She ended up creating the first, one of the first tribal credit unions to serve her people. So now we have 18 native owned banks, we have 13 native owned credit unions that are providing these services. So really with, I think my overall story is when you provide capital in any type of marginalized communities, obviously we're speaking on Indian country, the opportunity for investment, the opportunity for true impact, for place-based impact has been phenomenal and when we look at what those opportunities are, I just referenced 18 native owned banks. Social investors can be depositors in these banks, they can directly invest with the native CDFI to help them meet their growing lending demand. You can partner with the tribe, you can do participation loans for larger infrastructure projects. Maybe it's a new market tax credit project, maybe it's low income tax credit projects, bond guarantee, an equity position in a larger infrastructure deal. The opportunities are really boundless and we have shown within 20 years of lending, Indian country is a good bet. My organization personally has revolved over $17 million in Indian country since our inception, being the first debt investor into these native CDFIs, we've only experienced one default in 20 years. We have never experienced a default of any investor debt, we have always paid back on time. So I think when we look at capitalization in Indian country that may be a little bit obscure for outside investors to understand how to maneuver within the confines of sovereignty, but capital also tends to have a pretty basic language. So when you get down to the financials and you get down to these deals being solid per se on an underwriting perspective, we have all of those opportunities. We've got the capital demand and we really have the ability to show true community impact that is sustainable for generations to come. So I think that's one of the stronger points that we have for investment within Indian country. We've got successful models with self-determination. We have been doing that ourselves tribal nations, tribal non-profits for generations and we are simply willing to partner with like-minded organizations that can understand the impact of investing within Indian country and really being stewards and ambassadors for our larger causes. Thank you, Crystal. So I know that that was a lot to cover in just an hour to summarize slightly. We have great diversity of culture, people, history and context in our native communities. There are sets of global norms and sustainable development goals that we can operationalize domestically. And native nations have the ability to create unique deals, as we heard from Lacey and the Cherokee Nation. And the opportunities to invest growing systems are everywhere in Indian country. It's a good bet to invest in tribal communities. We're good partners and we're open for business. So with that, I just wanna thank the panel so much if we give them a round of applause. And we have about 10 minutes left. So if there's any questions in the audience, they are recording. So there's a microphone floating around somewhere, the back of the room there. Feel free, raise your hand. While we're waiting on the first question, I just wanna make a statement sort of summing this up in totality. But when the tribes are successful, everyone in our community benefits non-native and native alike. No, there we go, okay. Hi, Hannah Apricot with the Abundant Earth Foundation. And we invest in and also give grants mostly to regenerative ag projects. And I was just wondering if any of you have some recommendations for organizations or yourselves if you know of some contacts we can look at for permaculture or regenerative ag projects to help support. Thank you so much for that. And I just wanted to reiterate that we'll all be around the conference. And so please do approach us if you have any other questions you didn't wanna ask now. But specifically with Ag, one of the things that comes to mind, native agriculture has had a hard go in this country till recently. I don't know if you're familiar with the Keeps Eagle settlement that happened, which was a settlement from the federal government for them not awarding loans and grants to tribal farmers and agriculture communities in Indian country. That was an over $300 million settlement, $460 million settlement. And not all of it was dispersed. So the Keeps Eagle Trust has been assigned and they'll be doing an RFA soon where they'll be putting out requests for projects to kind of reseed and reignite agriculture for Indian people by Indian people. So you can kind of follow that around. I don't know if you guys have any more specifics. The Cherokee Nation created a Buffalo Ranch about four or five years ago with reclaimed Buffalo from the Badlands. And so we are absolutely looking for opportunities to partner on Buffalo production as well. As well as aquaponics. I know that's an area of which we have great interests, not only from our tribal nonprofits, but also the nation as well. We're looking into that. Our parent company, First Nations Development Institute has really spearheaded food sovereignty work for the past 20 some years. So I would definitely use them as a resource and specifically we can get together after the panel, but in working with native communities throughout the United States, specifically the native CDFI sector, there's quite a bit of exciting work going on in Hawaii. And I really have to do a shout out to native Hawaiians because when we talk about invisibility among Native Americans just per se, typically our Alaskan and our native Hawaiian natives tend to be somewhat left out of the mix in the lower 48. So Hawaii is doing a great job of putting together their own food sovereignty and projects. And we've got quite a bit going on in the Northern Plains as well. So I'll get with you after and certainly give you a host of names. Thank you for the question. That's wonderful. Any other questions? Hi there. My name is Sarah Medanik and I'm a member of the Métis Nation of Alberta in Canada and I'm really curious about the relationship with the federal government and legislative opportunities to push things forward like procurement contracts with development projects with communities. And I was just wondering if those are active conversations that are happening or what the status is. So maybe it'd be helpful to contextualize a little bit of what's going on in Canada which I think is what's informing the question. So Canada has committed through its government to full implementation of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and one of the things that the Canadian government is doing is really trying to promote joint venture and partnership between industry and first nations in Canada. So it's super exciting. Roughly at the same time that Canada made that announcement we had a bit of regime change in this country that has had tremendous negative impacts for Native Americans. And I think that there has been a real stall in forward movement of legislative activity to try to promote that type of thing. We do have some existing programs in place still but I think that right now it's try to keep them from threat and then hopefully very soon try to bolster them more to be more responsive to all of the opportunities that we're talking about. But I think any of us to probably be happy to talk offline with you about the state of things. It's a little bit influx at the moment. And just to add to that some of the things that Carla's referring to is with this new administration they've been doing things that are having some devastating effects on Indian country and certainly can have further devastating effects. Most recently they took land from the Mashpee Wampanoag and took it out of trust because of a very poor interpretation of a Supreme Court case called Kashiri V. Salazar. That's devastating. It harkens back to the time of the termination era. So it's very, very scary for Indian country. When this president came into office within an extremely short period of time opened the doors for Dakota Access Pipeline and Keystone XL Pipeline to start up construction again through reservations, through sacred sites, through allotment lands, putting our water supplies in danger and permanently could permanently damage and destroy our cultural sites. So I applaud Canada from what they're doing unfortunately. We're taking giant step backwards here. Happy to talk to anybody about some of the work that Narf's doing on those issues. If you'd like to speak later today or at the conference. Any other questions? Wonderful. Well, thank you all again for joining us today. It's been a great hour spending up here with you guys. And thanks to the panel. One more time. Thank you.


Welcome folks, we have the Dow Industrial trading up $255, Nasdaq is up $247, S&P is up $46, bottom line folks, you got these ABC structures on the way up and they're going man, it's up and away. Gold, gold contract down $24, it was down over 50 bucks man. So gold rejected lower price here at that $19.15 an ounce. We have silver down $0.29 at $24.90. Light sweet crude is off $0.84, $104.06 and notes and bonds. The 10-year note is up $19.00, trading $1.2209, 30-year up a full point, plus 10 ticks at $148.30 and $king dollar. $king dollar was, it's pretty amazing that $king dollar couldn't hold price folks, okay. Yesterday you had wide price spread, we don't have volume in the currencies, bottom line right next to a high, couldn't handle it, comes down over $1,000 ticks today, that's the penny, we're down $690, we're trading out at $98.403. The euros at $110, the yen was trading out here at $122.93 and the British pounders out here at $130 to $1.00. We can open and take a look at the spy, what you have at the spy out here, we're trading at a price point up $440, $460, your price projection is $478. So $478 is game, that's the ABC structure, you're in window dressing, it's all lining up, you got a straight line move, that's for sure, the Q0 up $540, $370, that's a $391 price projection, so I suspect we're going to get it, you got expansion of volume out here too, it's going to be intriguing, particularly because we are going against right now the swing points from February 2nd as well as February 9th, bottom line, deviant, yes in a monster way, gold, gold contract, let's take a look at this gold contract as they were small, the thing that was really cool about gold this morning is this, you had gold down like monster, I mean it's such a small market anyway, they can smoke in a second, they smoked it down to 1883, now as that was down to 1883, the dollar was down to 1,000 ticks, so the bottom line is that when you take a look at that folks, the bottom line, the dollar saved gold, meaning dollar going down, gold is going to go up, it rejected lower price and it had lighter volume, so the bottom line, game is on once again, higher prices inside of the gold market, it's going to be a wild one, I suspect when you can see it through this clothes, they're going to run it right into the clothes folks because people just, I don't blame them either, they can't understand like how can this just run right back to the highs, well guess what, it took off and it's running, stay right there folks come right back.


How much value do the least expensive ThinkPad from Lenovo offer? Stick around to find out as we give you a quick tour of the Lenovo ThinkPad E15 Gen 4. Thinkpads usually all look the same in terms of design and the E15 keeps the trend going. We see a black exterior with simple shapes and minimal branding. The metal-lit and plastic chassis aren't the most durable as they show some flexing, but that shouldn't discourage you from considering the laptop. The portability could be improved, but still you get a 15.6 inch device with a weight of 1.7 kilograms and a profile of 19 millimeters. Lenovo keyboards never disappoint, and here the E15 provides a unit with long key travel, clicky feedback and a backlight. We also see a red track point which is accompanied by three physical buttons above the touchpad. Speaking of it, the pad is a tad small and its clicks aren't as tactile as we would like. However, the surface is pretty good, using the milder cover that we know and love. The port selection is pretty weak for an office device. With a single Thunderbolt 4 port, a USB type A3.2 Gen1 port, an arcade USB 2.0 port, HDMI and LAN connectors, and a 3.2 mm audio jack. The Lenovo offers the new E15 with two display variants, a TN and an IPS panel. We recommend skipping the former as the IPS panel offers much better viewing angles, a peak brightness of 342 nits and a decent contrast ratio. In a creator aspect, it falls flat on its face with about 50% sRGB coverage and poor accuracy. However, we never expected it to do any of these things. What is more important is the zero PWM usage, making the panel safe for prolonged use. The 57Wh battery pack on the inside gets decent results with the Core i7-1255U, lessen for 11 hours and 15 minutes of web browsing, for 7 hours and 25 minutes of video playback. The Alder Lake U-Series and P-Series provide a great platform for productivity and office work. So far, we have tested only two laptops with the Core i7-1255U and in both 2D and 3D rendering, the MSI Modern 15 is ahead of the sync pad. On the other hand, the IGPUs inside them perform largely the same. The cooling solution is very simple with two heat pipes and a single fan. The CPU proves to lack stability, dropping clock speeds and wattage like crazy. At the 15 minute mark, the Core i7 has a 2.15GHz P-core clock and a 1.57GHz E-core clock, while both run at 70°C. You should probably stick to U-Series CPUs, as the setup might not have the capacity to keep up with the P-Series G. The laptop is comfortable to use, not heating up its exterior to a point of being too warm, while the single fan on the inside remains relatively quiet. The laptop sacrifices some upgradability, offering 8GB of sultry RAM along with a single sodium slot for up to 32GB of DDR4 memory. For storage, we see two M.2 PCI-EX4 slots, but only the one on the right supports the Superfast Gen4 drives. Intel is saving a lot of notebooks in 2022 with their Alder Lake processors, with the hardware upgrade improving the performance significantly. There are noticeable budget cuts like the iO and the display selection, but you always have to make sacrifices with budget options. If you want to see more test and details about the device, you can check out our in-depth review. The link is in the video description below.


Full-on swazy that mother That's a hot mug guys. Hey guys. Oh my gooo starting season two of Supernatural I gotta watch something good while I watch the bad episodes of the current final season out of my mouth This has got to be the best season opener in this entire show's history. I've always remembered this one Specifically I remember Everything I have rewatched this opener more than any other in the show's history because it's that Freaking good it picks up right after the first season ended with them in the car Frickin bad me rising playing as the demon gets out rips the door off the Impala and Sam is able to talk it down With a gun in its face Then we go to the hospital and we find out in a hell of a lot quicker time than Bruce Willis found out that he was Dead in frickin sixth sense Dean is able to pick up pretty darn quickly that he is an disembodied ghost While he's trying to figure out what's going on with him and how he's going to try and get back into his body He realizes that there is a reaper around the hospital taking people's lives while that's going on Sam and John are having their usual arguments about what to do to either go after the demon Or to save Dean and then there's the guilt tripping of whether Sam should have shot their dad or not All the while Dean is a passive observer watching this and we're seeing him really kind of emote his Disagreements his hate for their arguments and he full on Swayze's a glass There are several narratives going on in this episode that all play out really well We see Sam trying to figure out how to save his brother We see Dean coming to terms with death and finding out another massive game changer Is that some of the spirits that they've been hunting are people who refused to go into the light And instead stayed became crazy and became the violent spirits that they've been hunting for almost their entire lives All the while John is also up to his own little Ideas and his own deals And what comes into the finale is Dean almost accepting death because the reaper girl Who has been posing as another lost soul full on admits what she is and there's great conversation about The idea of other soldiers being taken off the field other soldiers staying Because they feel that they need to finish the fight and then she lays down the completely unbiased factor that death is for everyone No matter what time and I love how this episode has multiple As we see John having deals with the yellow eyes demon We see Dean get back into his body and then the cup drop Which apparently actually was only the third take if i'm correct Or it was the 12th take for some reason three and 12 come to mind But it falls and it lands straight up and we see John has died and the episode ends on it They ends on them calling it and it's such a good ending This episode was well directed by kim manners. It was well written by erik kripke The guys are doing fantastic acting the final conversation between john and dean is so good because You can see that dean realizes that something's up We see john basically having his final conversation with dean and we see that he's regretting not being able to have that final Talk with sam and then there's the whisper the mysterious whisper which took a little while for it to figure out But we also see the yellow eyes lay down the idea that there's some other children like sam They did such a good job of setting up the ooo and the what was going to happen in this season again This is the best opener. I feel of this entire show It's never been beaten by this episode and that's why i'm going to give in my time of dying A seven out of seven. That's awesome. We are starting off strong. I really really feel that Season two is going to come out guns blazing This is going to be one of the best seasons of the show now Obviously, it took me a really long time to review the first season and something That actually did have a little bit of factor into it nowhere near as much as my laziness But it was waiting for people's responses and comments about episodes Now what i'm going to try and do is still do this one at a time But I might start doing multiple questions I might ask you guys about multiple episodes in the future Just so I can have those extra episode comments and I can start going through them a lot faster But we'll still try and do one at a time. But what i'm going to do with the christmas season coming up I'm going to try and watch a bunch of them review a bunch of them and then just have a comment section come in And I realized I didn't actually ask any questions about this episode So give your guys the thoughts on this episode in the comments below But I also really want your comments on everybody loves a clown Give me your guys the thoughts on that episode and I will definitely say some of the best comments in the next review anyways guys I hope you enjoyed this video if you did leave a like and if you're interested in more maybe subscribe and Let's get on this train and not finish it before 2022 Anyways, see you guys next time. Thanks for watching the video My name is nits and you might remember me from the animated cult classic tv show undergrads It's been a while, but I'm happy to say the click is finally getting back together in an all new movie Thanks to a successful kickstarter campaign But we are still asking for your support to see any and all updates about the upcoming undergrads movie Be sure to check out and like the bring back undergrads facebook page and with any luck. We'll see you guys soon


a discovery. Six trips to the lunar surface reveal much about our closest celestial neighbor and changed forever the way we view our own planet. Today NASA is looking towards returning to the moon. A permanent lunar base would complement space station freedom and provide a springboard for manned missions to Mars. And if researchers at NASA's Center for the Commercial Development of Space in Wisconsin are successful, the first lunar settlers will also be miners. Actually this large automated vehicle would do most of the work. Processing the moon's rocks and soil to remove a potentially valuable product. Helium-3. Just 25 metric tons of this rare isotope, roughly the capacity of the shuttle cargo bay, could provide enough energy to generate all the electricity used in this country in an entire year. Helium-3 is produced by fusion reactions in the sun and carried through space by the solar wind. Earth's atmosphere shields us from the solar wind, but it has been depositing Helium-3 on the moon for more than a billion years. Former Senator Jack Schmidt was part of the Apollo 17 mission which marked our last, or as he likes to say, our most recent journey to the lunar surface. We can't always use fossil fuels for the production of electricity. There are many environmental reasons why you don't want to do that. One of the most popular now, of course, is the addition of CO2 to the atmosphere. We don't need to panic, but we ought to be making those kinds of research and development plans that we have an alternative to coal and other fossil fuels in the not too distant future. Studies indicate that the amount of radioactivity in a device like this generating energy from Helium-3 will be one millionth less than in nuclear systems used today. And no greenhouse gases, acid rain, or solid wastes will result. The proposed mining system will be equally kind to the lunar environment. Once Helium-3 has been boiled off, the untainted rocks and soil will return to the surface, leaving it essentially unblemished. The process should also produce a number of by-products, including water, which will be of great value to a lunar colony. And according to Jerry Kulsinski, a professor at the University of Wisconsin and member of the NASA Commercial Development Team, current oil prices make Helium-3 an even more attractive alternative. At today's prices, Helium-3 would be worth four billion dollars a ton, which would make a shuttle load worth about a hundred billion dollars. And that's enough, I think, for any businessman to figure out a way to make a profit. Helium-3 mining, using the moon's resources to meet future energy requirements on earth.


Welcome to the anxious morning every weekday morning. We'll take a few minutes to go over some important lessons that you can use in your anxiety recovery journey Away from the endless noisy scroll of social media. The anxious morning brings you support education inspiration encouragement and empowerment for more visit us at the anxious morning dot-com a Few days ago on a zoom call. I had someone say this to me You think I've come a long way look at you You're writing in journals telling me to be kind to myself and making reels with Kardashian audio We laughed then I got out to call and laughed even harder Then I got kind of emotional over what she said to me. I had not even considered any of that I've been talking to this person for over a year now as they go through their anxiety recovery journey I can clearly see the tremendous changes they've undergone and the amazing progress they've made But I had totally looked right past the fact that I am making changes in progress to who knew When this person trained floodlights on the changes I'd undergone in a year It brought up an idea that I already knew but had mistakenly abandoned and forgotten It is a powerful idea that really had a huge impact on my own recovery journey Helping also helps the helper It's true While I'm fortunate to not be dealing with my own recovery anymore the act of helping in this context is still helping me It helps me to become more well-rounded in my approach It helps me to stay aware of the real struggle even many years after mine It makes me a better more empathetic listener It teaches me to be more of a cheerleader and less of an instructor when the situation warrants it Helping aids me in developing tools and strategies that I can use in my own life I can go on the point is helping is still helping the helper even many years later Why am I telling you all this? Because helping other people can also help you When you share your experiences your struggles and the lessons you learn along the way those lessons become deeper and broader When you give a struggling person advice You also help yourself recognize and take that same advice that you might sometimes struggle to take When you explain a thing that you know you take a step beyond just knowing and toward truly understanding and when you understand You can start to utilize and integrate When you help others by showing kindness and compassion when they need it You learn to show kindness and compassion to yourself and to anyone struggling in any context even outside anxiety recovery When you shine a light for somebody who is behind you on the recovery path You also shine a light on your own wins and your own progress Something we often forget to acknowledge Helping helps the helper even when the helper feels like they need help themselves So today think about how you can reach out to someone else. How can you inspire? How can you encourage? How can you empower? What have you done or learned that you can share? You may think that you are in no position to help anyone but the odds are high that you have something to offer Offering it can be surprisingly impactful. So give it a try Tomorrow we'll look at the relationship between seeking searching and doing in recovery Hey, if you're enjoying the podcast and you'd like to get a copy of it delivered every morning into your email inbox Including a full text transcription head on over to the anxious morning dot email and sign up for the newsletter And if you're listening on iTunes or Spotify or someplace where you can leave us a rating or review Take a moment and rate the podcast and maybe write a small review. It really helps us out or just tell a friend about us Thanks a lot