Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim. Alhamdulillahi Rabbil al-Alamin. Wa salatu wa salam ala as-sharaf al-anbiyaa. Wa al-mursaleen Sayyidina Muhammad wa al-Alihi wa sahbihi ajma'een. Allahumma al-lamna ma yinfa'una wa nfa'na bima al-lamtana wa zinna al-man. So now we go over the chapter of becoming a self-expert. Previously we went over how do you understand changing behaviors and habits on a general level? Now we're going to talk about how does that work with us individually? Each one of us has a different conditioned habit and self. In the Qur'an, the self is referred to as the nafs. So the first way the word nafs is used is just to talk about our self. Another way the nafs is used in the Qur'an is to talk about a specific part of our self. And that part of our self is the part of our self that has almost like an animalistic nature. It drives us to our desires, our appetites. It commands us to do things. So in the Qur'an in Surah 12, Ayah 53, it says, Verily the nafs commands a person to do bad or sin. So this is referring to the part of ourselves that commands us and drives us towards unhealthy choices, unhealthy behaviors, immediate gratification. This is the part of ourselves that discounts future rewards and just focuses on I want it and I want it now. The part of us that wants to eat more than we need to sleep more than we need to and engage in pleasurable things more than what is healthy for us. So what's interesting about this ayah is it says, Verily the nafs commands to unhealthy choices or sin, except that which my Lord has mercy, except by the mercy of my Lord. So in other words, the mercy of Allah is so important to be able to help tame the nafs. So one way to tame the nafs is to to work on it and struggle against it. But then another secret here is that another way to really help to loosen the grasp of the nafs on us is through attracting the Rahmah of Allah, the mercy of Allah. And what better month to do that in the month of Ramadan, where it's just pouring the mercy of Allah and we sort of feel that in a lot of ways. The nafs has less of a hold on us in this month. OK, so the first stage that the nafs goes to is nafs al-amara, the nafs that commands to unhealthy choices. But the nafs can change and this is important. The nafs can change. If you work on it, the nafs can change. So the second type of nafs is nafs al-awama. In Surah 75, ayat two, Allah says, So this is the nafs that now challenges these unhealthy, this unhealthy drive. This is the nafs that now censures itself. This is the nafs that disapproves of the consequences of the instant gratification. This is the nafs that starts to struggle with itself. So that's the second stage. And then finally, the third stage is nafs al-muqma inna. So in Surah 89, ayat 27, So this is the nafs that is at peace. So it's gone through the struggle. It's trained and rewired itself. And now it's at peace because it's now conditioned to do things that are good for itself, not only in the moment, but now it reaps the benefits of what that does in the future. So these are the three stages in Islamic spirituality that the nafs goes through in order to benefit. What's important to understand, though, is that everybody has a different nafs. Everybody has a different conditioning that they grow up with. So some of us can grow up with a nafs that's really strong with food or with sleep or with some other desire. And we all have a different conditioning that we have to undo and rewire. And that's where becoming a self-expert is important. So one of the things that at first requires is awareness. And that's what the text starts to go into. How do you become a self-expert? How do you focus on how your nafs plays games with you and tricks you? And in order to do that, what's required is a sense of awareness of what's going on. When you look at the brain, a lot of the brain, when habits occur, it starts to happen like in an unconscious level. So when you do something repeatedly, the brain as a mercy automates that behavior so you can focus on other things. So driving is a good example.  The car is zipping past you. You got to take a right turn.  But after you do it over and over and over again, you're driving and you don't even know what's going on. Like you get to your destination, you don't even remember how you got there. You're driving and you're making all these complicated adjustments, going at 60 miles per hour. Sort of not even thinking. Sometimes you wake up in the middle of driving and you're like, whoa, you know, like that could have been dangerous. When you start to develop habitual behaviors, it becomes subconscious. So then what you have to do is you have to become aware of those subconscious behaviors. So that's the first step. You have to understand what are the messages myself, my brain is sending me unconsciously for me to become aware of them. Once you become aware of them, then it's about challenging them. Now it's about challenging them.  And then the third is becoming accustomed to that new way of doing things. So the first time you dribble a basketball, the first time that you do anything, it's really complicated. But then after a while, it becomes easier and easier. The important thing to recognize here is that the first step is becoming aware and becoming a self expert. So I'm going to start with that in the text. So now that you've looked at the problem of drug and alcohol use and you've looked at your motivation and you've learned how to strengthen your motivation and you've created a change plan. Now it's important to learn to truly know your addicted self. What that means is we talked about in the past chapters and sessions, feel free to look at them. We talked about the addicted brain versus the rational brain, how the addicted brain drives you to act in destructive ways and support your addiction. And so now that this chapter is the first step we're taking to strengthen that rational brain. This is the chapter now where we're putting ourselves back in the driver's seat. We're starting to learn how to control our behaviors. And we're starting to learn how to censure our behaviors and challenge our behaviors. And then eventually just become comfortable with a new norm. All right, so to do this, you need to know your addicted self inside and out, not somebody else's addicted self, not addiction on a general theoretical level like we've been talking about in the previous sessions. You need to know your own addicted self inside and out. So what are the rationalizations you use before you use? So for somebody, it might be one last time. For another person, it might be a whole nother set of rationalizations that resonate with them and get them to sort of cave. So you need to know your own dialogues, your own patterns in order to start making traction. And what that requires, like we discussed last time, it requires rigorous honesty with yourself and being able to do that, putting it all on paper, putting it all out there. So then now you can examine the workings of your mind. One of the biggest barriers to do that is, like, right when you start to discover what's going on in your mind, labeling it or judging it, that's the fastest way to close that opportunity to peek inside your mind. If you can reserve judgment and just stay curious about the dialogue that goes on in your head before you use, if you can stay curious about the irrational behavior or the irrational way we go about things, which is something that is a very human thing, if you can stay curious about it, then you can start to become aware of it, put it on paper. And now what you have is you have a blueprint and you can start looking at structural weaknesses and start breaking it down. Once you have that figured out, once you have that figured out, you will become a self-expert. In this chapter, you will begin to learn how to use cognitive and behavioral therapy skills to understand your own unique patterns of thinking and feeling as they relate to your addiction. So how do you use mind strategies and behavioral strategies in order to reverse those behaviors? The purpose of this chapter is to teach you three strategies. The first strategy is identifying your unique triggers for alcohol or drug use, identifying your triggers for alcohol or drug use. Number one, so you may say, okay, well, I've been sober for a month or six months or a year. These things are less important to me.  In other words, they had the sobriety date that they stopped using drugs and alcohol. Then they had a sobriety date of when they became aware of and decided to stop living in emotional chaos. In other words, a date where they recognize what are those emotions, whether it be constantly self-loathing or whether it be constantly looking at the future and overwhelming themselves with anxiety. So they looked at drugs and alcohol and had a sobriety date. Then they looked at a date where they recognized that what was driving them to use drugs and alcohols? What were the internal states that drove them to use drugs and alcohol? And they had a date for when they made a decision to focus on that. So if you're looking at the boundaries, the first boundary is using drugs and alcohol. You can create a larger boundary and say, this is when I'm becoming emotionally and mentally or spiritually unbalanced. And this is where I'm spiritually balanced. So you have the use of drugs and alcohol in the middle. Then you have a boundary around that, a circle around that. These are like triggers being around somebody that uses drugs and alcohol, driving past some place that has drugs and alcohol, so on and so forth. Then you have a larger circle around that that encompasses that. And at the edge of that boundary is spiritual, emotional and mental balance. And at the farther you go inwards towards relapse is spiritual, mental, emotional imbalance. And so what you want to do is you create different battle lines and you start to realize that this isn't just about drugs and not doing drugs. There's something that drove me to use drugs and alcohol in the first place. And there's something that helps me and remedying that helps me to stay away from that in the bigger picture. So that's the first thing that they go over is identifying your unique triggers for alcohol or drug use. The second one is recognizing distorted thinking. Recognizing distorted thinking. Every behavior starts with a thought. Every emotion starts with a thought. Whether it be conscious or subconscious. So if you want to change how you feel and change how you behave, you change how you think. And that requires the words you use, the dialogue you use. That's why the Quran is so effective. That's how the Quran works. It works on your heart and mind. And once it captures that heart and mind. Then your emotions and your behaviors take over and change. So recognizing distorted thinking. Then the third is using self-monitoring skills. So it doesn't creep up on you. So it doesn't creep up on you. A lot of times people relapse and their thought is, oh, I relapsed because of this. And they're not realizing that there was a whole chain of events that led up to that relapse that they could have been aware of. The more frequently you are able to recognize and anticipate when your addicted brain is taking a hold and causing you to think and act in an irrational, self-destructive way, the better you will get at intentionally using your rational brain to make healthier choices for yourself.  So each time you challenge your nefs and you win, you get one more step to serenity and peace to the peaceful nefs, peaceful self.  It loses a little bit of power of your behavior. And the long-term, your rational brain can take over completely. Becoming a self-expert is a process of understanding how your addiction controls you so that with time and practice, you can turn the tables on it. So once you learn how to use it, once you understand your enemy, it's no longer this mysterious force that just happens and takes you out of nowhere. Once you understand it, then you start to get in control. And that's an incredibly liberating place to be. That means understanding situations, places, people, experiences that activate your addiction. So again, understanding your addicted brain is not just understanding your patterns, but understanding situations, places, peoples, and experiences that activate that addicted brain. And then also thinking patterns. So with that, I'm gonna stop here. Let's start by going into check-ins and see how everybody's doing. We can start with questions. So the question is, can you provide an example of unconscious behaviors that fuel addiction? I think a really good example is using the idea of drug and alcohol use being in the middle, and then people, places, and things being triggers that lead to the drug and alcohol use, and then emotional, spiritual balance, imbalance being something that leads to drug and alcohol use. So there's a lot of studies that look at negative affect and they find that people who feel better tend to do better. People also, people who score higher on spiritual, on measures of spirituality tend to do better in terms of abstinence after a rehab program. So long story short, if you feel better, you do better in terms of recovery. So when we talk about subconscious patterns that drive us to use drugs and alcohol, if you look at your emotions in a lot of ways, your emotions are like habits. How you feel are like habits. A lot of times the ways that we talk to ourselves, they're so ingrained, they're habits. So the way that we approach situations, oftentimes are habits. So let's say for example, you have a difficult situation, some sort of loss. You're gonna have a habitual response to that loss, whether you're aware of it or not, and that's gonna be guided by your 10, 20, 30, 40 years of experience prior to that happening. And that's gonna be ingrained in you. Now what recovery essentially is, is becoming aware of that and replacing that with better dialogues that are gonna have a better outcome, that are gonna have better lifestyle, spiritual, emotional balance. So for example, when it comes to a difficult situation, let's say it's a financial loss, a relationship loss, we're all dealing with some sort of financial loss, relationship loss, legal consequences, some sort of damage from our addiction. Spiritual consequences, maybe something, just not being in a place where we wish we were essentially. So all of that has subconscious patterns and behaviors leading up to that, and that's exactly what recovery goes into. It's developing different ways to think about our lives that lead to more lifestyle balance, as opposed to our default way of thinking about our lives that leads to drug and alcohol use. Think about it like this, the default way we think about our life and respond to life is perfectly suited and wired to gravitate back to drug and alcohol use. And it's been sort of automated and it's happening without our control. It's a, you press play and that recording is going on. I'm a bad person, I never get anything right. Look, I went ahead and did it again. Like all these things are happening and it's basically this low level static that's operating in the back of our minds and it is perceived sometimes just as an emotion or feeling, but that's important to just like have times where you can start to look inwards and be aware of what's going on.


Today's Monday makeup lesson is a follow-on for our beginner series using purple. Though I hope that anybody who isn't a beginner, maybe this will help you gain a better understanding to help any beginners in your life, because today we're going to be using all purples, no neutrals, to create a very simple look. This follows along from our previous video where we created a very basic look using three shades of purple, a mean purple shade and matte muted and a deeper purple. It was then paired with your favorite blush and highlighter of your choosing which was optional to create this look. Now moving on from that I wanted to talk about layering and mixing different shades so we are mixing our main purple with a red eyeshadow to create this look. This is a great way to introduce color while still keeping it quite wearable and I have one other makeup look using purples on its way so if that interests you then I might suggest hitting the subscribe button below. It's totally free and if you're already subscribed then thank you and welcome back. Now let's get started creating this look. So as always we're going to start by applying an eyeshadow primer all over the lid and right up to the brows. This is going to give our eyeshadow something to hold on to and also because my eyeshadow primer is tinted it's going to give us a blank canvas to work on because it will disguise any natural discoloration that we might have on the lid. Now of course you can use a concealer if you don't have an eyeshadow primer however it doesn't give the same sort of gripping power so your eyeshadows might not last as long. As long as you are okay with that then you can use a concealer. You may also find use the concealer on oily skin. It kind of starts to separate the eyeshadows however for more of the mature or the drier skin you might actually still get away with it but just make sure you have a good base to start with. Similar to our last video we're actually going to start by using this eyeshadow so this is our muted purple kind of gray tone and this is going to be worked into the crease of the eye so that is where the eyelid creases into the eye shape. We're going to be focusing on this area and then we're going to slowly start to blend this up. Very similar to kind of contouring your face almost but because we don't want to use any neutrals in this look we're going to go for a kind of a gray purple. This is going to be used in kind of the same way that our transition shade or a contour or bronzer would be used on the face. Now unlike our previous video we're going to be mixing two eyeshadows together the deep plum and a deep red. This is going to completely change how the purple is going to work it's going to have much more of a reddy tone. What I want you to do is completely saturate the lid with these two eyeshadows picking up a little bit of each and then applying it onto the lid. Try to avoid going up into the crease we've already applied our crease shade so just avoid the crease completely and focus on the lid. One thing to bear in mind when you are mixing two shadows is that sometimes they can almost push off each other before they start to blend so if you are blending two shadows in this way you might want to start with the eyes. This is just going to make sure that we don't have too much fallout because the two shadows do kind of bounce and push off and then we end up with fallout. Eventually they will start to come together and blend together and look really beautiful on the lid. However at the beginning it can kind of be like a little tug of war that happens. I would also recommend using a synthetic brush this is the Blank Canvas Cosmetics E42 it has almost like a slick finish on the bristles because it's synthetic it actually creates much more of a slicker finish which means they're going to blend really nicely together. More of the natural fibers that you get in some brushes they have great gripping power however for mixing that can mean that they bounce a little bit more but with synthetic it more sits on the bristles rather than pushes off one another. That's just me geeking out on brushes. I love this brush if you don't have it I recommend to go and get it. I have been using it for about six years and I absolutely love it. It's my go-to when it comes to mixing. It's also just my go-to in general. I can use it for anything creams liquids gels synthetics all the way for me. What I want to do now is just to make sure that we have a blend right from the lid into the crease so I'm going to take my blending brush and very softly go around the edges of the lid just to make sure that we don't have any harsh lines. Next I'm going to take my favorite blush or whatever blush you plan on using today. I'm going to apply this just into the crease of the eye as well. This is just going to bring the entire look together. I would recommend holding the brush really far down in the handle bringing it low down in front of you and then just pushing upwards into the crease of the eye. A very sheer amount is all you need for this and I actually got a great question in my previous video. This is from Melanie and she says, what if the blush that you plan on using is very glowy? Won't that ruin the look? And she's totally right. It's a very, very good question. This is something that I mentioned in a couple of my other videos. You want to make sure that you're using more matte shades into the crease of the eye. So try to offer more of a matte color than something that has too much of a shimmer or too much of a glow because it can actually throw off the proportions of your eye shape. For our next step, I'm going to take this deep purple shade and just apply this on the outer edge of the eye. What this is going to do is bring us a little bit more back into that purpley tone while creating a little bit more depth for us as well. Now, while I was filming this, I was actually listening to one of my favorite creators. Hannah does these amazing videos talking about, as I like to call them, triangle companies or pyramid schemes. But she was telling this story that somebody had sent into her.  But basically this was talking about someone who said that makeup is only for certain people and it honestly made my eyes nearly fall out of my head because makeup is for everybody. But it's also for nobody. If you don't want to wear it, don't wear it. If you want to wear it, wear it. And this just blew my mind when I was listening to the story because there was so much wrong with it. But I love Hannah's approach to everything. I also love her little cats. They're so cute and adorable. I'm allergic to cats and it makes me want to get a cat because they're just so cute. So go and check out Hannah. But that's why you can see my eyes nearly roll out of the back of my head. When I'm applying this purple on the outer edge of the eye, and this is just going to add a little bit more focus and a little bit more depth onto that outer corner. And then you should end up with something that looks like this. Now moving on, the next few steps are going to be optional. So just bear that in mind. So for the next step, I'm going to be taking that red eyeshadow. Now this has some glitter in it. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to pick up a little bit of this and then very gently tap off the excess. And what this is going to do is basically drop any of that glitter. So we're only going to be left with the pigment. And this kind of follows along to what Melanie had been asking, because we are going to be applying this into the crease of the eye and we don't want anything too glittery into the crease of the eye. So by tapping it, we're actually going to knock off the glitter but be left with the pigment. Now this is what I call a fade shade. So this creates that very soft fade kind of on top of that blush shade and also that gray purple that we've already applied. It's very slightly just kissing this area. Now this is going to be barely noticeable as you can see from the before and after. It's not really there but it is kind of there. And I just really like this technique. And then the next step is also really optional but it's to use the setting spray over everything that we've already applied just to emphasize them a little bit more. Because these eyeshadows are slightly older, sometimes they need a little bit of help by adding moisture and that's what a setting spray does. Now I feel like it was almost too intense by this stage. So I just applied a little bit of concealer on that inner third. Then I applied my face highlight and blended it out with my blush. Now you don't have to do this. I just found that I was losing a little bit more structure. So this just added a bit more light into this makeup look. You could just go ahead and apply just a little bit of highlight in the inner corner and be good to go. But I went for something a little bit more fun. I also applied liner which you know I never do. But I feel like this look was calling to me from like 2015 and really I needed to apply liner for it. This is 2015 me when I used to actually do very dramatic looks with liner. This was actually a super phone one for me.  I feel like the older I get the more of the muted tones I prefer but sometimes it's nice to be adventurous. So definitely let me know if there's any other colors that you'd like to see. A lot of you are asking for blues which I think we're going to do really soon. And also in my previous video I asked you guys to leave an emoji if you made it this far into the video. And I love the different combinations that you came up with. All I said was a swimming emoji and then so many of you came up with all these different combinations. So I absolutely love that. So because I don't want to hold you back from being creative I'm literally just going to say put any pink or purple emoji that you like and just have fun with it. And as always my friends be kind to yourself, be kind to others. And if you get this far in the video you usually know I do a little bit of a talk about real life for a second. The last two days have been very difficult. I spent most of yesterday crying a lot and I do think it's important to share the not-so-pretty side of life particularly if you have a chronic illness like me. So I spent a lot of time yesterday being very upset. I wanted to get this video done which I did so yay. I'm really happy I managed to do it. But yesterday I just couldn't and it was a real struggle.  But that's okay too to have the days when you're just really sad because today I'm really happy. I actually feel okay today. But yesterday I didn't think that today was going to feel like today. My only advice that I would have if you are having a really bad day is just to let yourself kind of sit in it and then when you feel strong enough plan something. So I'm going to be seeing my family this week which I'm excited about and I really want to cook a really nice meal. So if you have any recommendations for a vegan dinner because most of my family are vegetarians and vegans definitely let me know. I'm really getting into tofu recently so any tofu recipes or basically any chicken recipes that you really like because I can I can make tofu into chicken no problems. At this stage I'm I'm getting there. So any recipes that you think would be family friendly for vegans and vegetarians let me know. That's my little plan for this week and it just gave me something to look forward to. So I'm sending everybody who needs an extra spoon. I'm sending you a hug and as always my friends be kind to yourself. Be kind to others. You're doing the best you can which actually is something Davey told me yesterday. It made me cry even more because it was so sweet that he used my own catchphrase against me. He was like you got to be kinder to yourself and he's right. We all have to be a little kinder to ourselves. So as always my friends be kind to yourself be kind to others and I'll see you in a video really soon.


Hey everybody, welcome back to Magic Orthodoxy, my name is David and this is a deck review. Hey today we're going to look at the Midnight Bowl Arama cards from Midnight Cards and Randy Butterfield. All right, so what are these cards? Originally, this was a Kickstarter, okay, it was a Kickstarter that was successfully funded. These are cards really that are themed around bowling and the old Retro's 50s, 60s, Bowl Arama concept, right? So these are all embodied with a really cool retro vibe and these two decks come in red and black and they're both unique, exciting, and fully custom. The tuck box across the front says Midnight Bowl Arama and playing cards and then you see the bowling ball with a little fan of bowling pins. The tuck boxes are colorful, they're exciting. The Bowl Arama logo design is inspired by bowling alley signs from the 50s and 60s. Each one of these tuck cases features a premium paper stock with a UV spot ink overlay in selected areas. The tuck boxes also feature interior printing of an overhead view of a bowling lane and a fun design for any bowling night. One side of the tuck case says designed by Randy Butterfield. The other side says they're printed by the Legends Playing Card Company. The top says classic size poker finish ready for fun and the bottom has some ad copy about Randy Butterfield and Midnight Cards. There is no tuck seal on the tuck box and that's nice and the back design of course is the back design of the cards. The tuck flap has an LS emblem which is the symbol for Lawrence Sullivan who is the owner of Legends Playing Cards and the inside tuck flap has the Midnight Cards logo and a quote that says you can tell a lot about a team by their name. That is pretty much it for the tuck case. Let's take a look at these cards. Like I said these cards are printed from the Legends Playing Card Company and they are done with their classic finish. You know a lot of people always ask how these cards feel, how they handle. The really the only thing I can tell you is how thick they are and then compare them with other cards that you may have held and then you would have some sort of comparison about how they might handle to you. When I measure these cards with a caliper I use 10 cards as my control and I measure those 10 cards and then the measurement comes out to 2.89. 2.89 is kind of a middle grade too thicker end of a deck of cards starting to border along what you would consider maybe a casino grade. They're the same thickness as the architect cards. Same thickness as two of the Smokin' Mears decks, the Eco and the Rouge. Each one of these decks between the red and the black features a different back design. The red design is kind of like a mirrored image of the ball with a fan spread of pins at the top and then the black deck is against a field of green and then you see that the ball is in the center and then the pins spread all the way around. With this deck you're going to get two original jokers. It's a bowler with a gestures cap bowling a bowling ball and you're going to get one red one and one black one. Your ace of spades says boiling the midnight oil at the top and then you see a fan spread of bowling pins inside of the center tip. The pips and indices cards in this deck are very unique. They are made to look like the overhead view of a bowling pin setup so the custom pips are arranged in different score leaves and each number card has a unique team name towards the top and there's 80 different team names in all which brings you to the court cards. The court cards are also very fun and very unique in that they further enhance the fun and the theme and the design of this deck so each court character is dressed up in their favorite bowling attire and of course they're wearing crowns as well because they're kings and queens and they are just ready for a night of spares and strikes. All right so that is my review of the Midnight Bolarama decks both the red and the black from Randy Butterfield and Midnight Cards. I want to thank Randy for allowing me to have these decks so that I could do these reviews for you and if you would like to purchase these for yourself you can visit his Shopify website on the web. Thanks, bye.


People will think that there is a five-fold ministry described in the Word of God. Did not get that one from the Spirit, nor did they get that from the Bible. There is a discrepancy, as a matter of fact, and a necessary discrepancy that we find with believers. Typically those that are on the Pentecostal charismatic those in the who more apostolic or believers in certain gifts and offices are around today tend to believe that there's a such thing called a five-fold ministry. Meaning you've heard this term five-fold ministry. Where this comes from is Ephesians 4-11. The problem is when we read this passage there just is no basis to believe there are five offices that are given. And this confusion can easily be alleviated by one, understand the context of what God is doing as he's leaving offices as well as certain gifts, what they're for, but then also just a plain basic reading of the Scriptures, one in English, but also Greek. So I wanna do that both in English and Greek and also look at the context of what God is trying to do. And so let's start off by going to Ephesians 4-11 and I've got some words highlighted. I'll show you what they are, why they're highlighted in a second. But it says, and he gave some as apostles and some as prophets and some as evangelists and some as pastors and teachers. Now if you notice in the English, we're gonna look at the English first. In the English, you're gonna see these commas here. Now granted, these commas aren't there in the Greek but there's a reason why they're there in the English because first of all, there're gonna be some folks that are gonna say, well, I don't speak Greek. I speak English. And so let me go off what the English says. Well, if that's the case, let's look at how the English has it separated. And he gave some as apostles, comma, and some as prophets, comma, and some as evangelists and some as pastors and teachers. Now again, we don't wanna get too caught up in the commas but also you wanna notice the and that's used there as well in the English. There's a reason for that. There's a Greek word that's there that also corresponds to this and. And so we can see even without the commas, there is a division that is between the different offices and some he gave as apostles, comma, and some as a prophet. So that's the second one. The third one, comma, and some as evangelists, comma. So that's three so far. Here's what we have the problem, the fourth one or possibly four or five. It's only four though. And some as pastors and teachers. Now this word and you'll notice that the word and in English is there twice but it's not the exact same word that's used there. This is why I have it underlined in the Greek, I mean on the Greek side. So you can understand what's being stated. So you can see there is a division of not five offices but four. If you notice this word twos is here. This word twos is the definite article in Greek. This is an accusative. It means the and he gave the apostles and he gave twos and twos. This word day can be but or it also means and. So and the prophet taste. Notice I have the apostles highlighted in this kind of lime green sort of looking color but then under the red, the apostles, I mean the prophets, Tuesday apostles and the prophets. And then in this magenta, I believe it is, Tuesday, you on the least us, the evangelists. And we see the kind of the differentiation between the apostles, the prophets, the evangelists and then notice the last one, Tuesday, Poymenos, Kai did ask loose. Why do we have those separated like that? Well, first of all, the twos is also the accusative for the direct definite article of the and it refers to Poymenos and did ask lessons word and Kai is different from the word and this use in other spots. Day, day and day, which is where you get the and in the English and some apostles and some prophets and some evangelists, the word is day but the word for and in the second part just in case the one gets confused to think that it's the same word and it's not the same word and when he used, when he says and some pastors and teachers, this word and is the word Kai. So it's a different word. So we see that there is no distinction between the teacher and the pastor or the pastor, teacher, the shepherd, teacher. The reason for this is to convey that the shepherd, the pastor is the teacher. He must be a teacher as well. As a matter of fact, how we know this to be the case is when we look at the qualifications for a pastor, elder, overseer, however, whichever Greek words you want to use, it's really the same word, pastor or shepherd, overseer, elder, those are the same words. They're so venomous. And when Paul says that if anyone desires these things, he desires a fine work and he says an overseer, this elder, this pastor, this teacher must be above reproach. Notice what he says, though the husband of one wife, temperate, prudent, respectful, hospitable, able to teach. The same word that Askelos is used there. And so the pastor, the elder, the overseer must be a teacher. The Bible knows of no person who is a shepherd who cannot teach. As a matter of fact, they are told to teach. The same thing is true in Titus when he's speaking about elders and getting the same things synonymous with overseers or pastors, shepherds. Holding fast the faithful word, which is in accordance with the teaching so he will be able to both exhort in sound doctrine and to refute those who contradict. So both are stating that this person needs to have the ability to teach, to be able to exhort in sound doctrine. Remember, Paul says to teach what comports with sound doctrine. We have to, now Paul is telling Timothy and Titus, he's teaching them, showing them how to want to plant churches and to pick elders to train them. Paul tells Timothy to pick those that are trustworthy, that are faithful to what? To the text. You have to be able to teach. Now notice also, when he talks about, when Paul talks to Timothy in 1 Timothy 3, when he gives a qualification to Deacons, those qualifications, though the Deacons is an office, it's not listed as one of the offices that's given in Ephesians 411. Deacons have been, are in office. And notice, when you look at the qualifications that able to teach is not one of the qualifications of a Deacon. Now, it should be abundantly clear that there are four offices, whether you look at it in the English or whether you look at it into the Greek. The reason why people still want to hold these five offices is because they've been taught that. And for some reason, people just don't want to let go of what they've been taught. But it is absolutely and abundantly clear. Again, as we look at it, we have, I have them separated for you. So we have the apostles, that's one. The prophets, that's two. The evangelists, that's three. The pastor or shepherd teacher, that's four. It's not the pastor and the shepherd node. It's the shepherd teacher, pastor, teacher. That's one group together. There are two words that are used to describe what their office is. And again, this deal coincides with what Paul has been preaching, with what God has been telling us. Notice what he says also in 2 Timothy 2,24. Again, this is one of the epistles, the pastoral epistles he is giving Timothy, in this case, instructions as an elder and those who are also leading or choosing elders or training elders. He says, the Lord's bondservant must not be qualsome, but be kind to all able to teach. You must be able to teach. These elders have to be able to teach. Even if someone wants to have a debate on whether the office of apostle or prophet is dealing with force, which I don't see any basis for that, but certainly on this issue of a five-fold ministry for what have you, there should be no debate. It's clear in the English, if someone wants to only rely on the English, but it's also even more so clear in the Greek. There are four that are given. And if someone wants to show how spiritual they are, how endowed by the Holy Spirit and so forth, that's fine. But the wrong spirit is telling them that there's five offices. And the word of God, the scriptures aren't telling them that it's five offices. If they say so, they cannot be in leagues with the spirit because the spirit is the one who gave us the scriptures and the scriptures deny the ability for someone to see five offices. So I hope that helps to clarify. I know that there are gonna be some that are gonna disagree, but I would simply ask that if you disagree, disagree based on the scriptures to show that there are five offices, you will not be able to do so and then show that if you disagree about what was said about apostle and prophets, you're more than welcome to voice your opinion and then we can discuss it even in the comments or perhaps during another video. But in the meantime, guys, be blessed and study your own word to see for yourself. Amen.


I hope you've had a really good day-and-a-half of sessions and of time to catch up with colleagues and to meet new colleagues. I have to say speaking for myself, this seems to have been a particularly good meeting for reconnecting with people that I hadn't had an opportunity to see in a while. I hope that's one of the things you've all been able to do here. Just before we move on to our closing plenary, there are a couple of things that I do want to do. Let me remind you that in your packet there are a number of bits of paper that have dates of things on them. That includes our fall meeting, and I hope to see just about everybody here at our fall meeting in December. That will be in Washington, D.C. There is information on our joint meeting with the JISC, which will be in Edinburgh in early July. I hope at least a few of the folks here will be able to join us for that. There's also information on a couple of other things, including how to get on CNI Announce if for some reason you're not subscribed to it. I would urge you to do so and use that to help keep track of some of the things that we're doing here. I'd like to take a moment to thank a few folks. Notably, I'd like to call for a round of applause for all of the presenters. We had a tremendous number of breakout sessions here, and at least the ones I sampled was able to sample were really super. I think I speak for all of us when I say how much we appreciate people who gave their time and expertise to make those happen and that we'll appreciate them even more if they remember to share their power points or other materials so that we can put them up on the website and those who couldn't get to the sessions can also share in that work. Please join me in a round of applause for our speakers. I'd also like to thank the CNI staff for all of their work in making the meeting run smoothly. There's been awful lot of logistics, and the best kind of logistics are the invisible kind of logistics. I think that mostly these logistics rose to the invisible, and please join me in thanking them for that. And now I get to make an introduction of our closing plenary speaker who will, I think, bring our session to a flamboyant conclusion and send you away with an awful lot of things to think about. I believe at least some of you have had an opportunity to meet Liz Lyon over the year. She's the director of UKOLN based at the University of Bath and has been the author of a number of pretty important reports about eScience and in particular some of the data management issues around eScience which have circulated in the UK and in the US and elsewhere over the last few years. She's been one of the real synthesizers of development in that area as well as running some innovative and pioneering projects herself or being part of the teams that ran them. One of the things that I think it's helpful to know about Liz and I'm not going to give you a long bio of Liz's contributions is that she actually is trained as a research molecular biochemist. So she really has an understanding of what goes on, you know, in laboratories that isn't theoretical. And that's very important I think when we talk about eScience and especially when we talk about the realities of eScience beyond a few kind of marquee projects and really start thinking about how the lives of working scientists in all disciplines are likely to change and the interactions between professional scientists, amateur scientists, librarians, data curators, information technologists and others get rearranged in this brave new world of e-research and e-scholarship. I think that Liz is superbly positioned to give us some wonderful insights into that and please join me in welcoming her. I'm going to talk primarily about this report, the open science report, that I published last November. It was commissioned by the JISC and it looked at a whole range of open science issues. This as I say was last November and it's now April 2010 so things have moved on. There is a set of slides from e-research Australasia here which actually keeps quite closely to the report but the talk that you're going to hear now is a completely new one and builds on the information in the report. So please if you haven't read it, download it, I think it's quite a good bedtime read. So I'm going to look at four areas and I'm going to draw on some experience of some projects that I've been involved with as Cliff has mentioned and I want to start off by thinking about scale and we've heard quite a lot in various presentations about the data deluge and about issues of data scale and I want to look at a particular perspective and the first one that I want to look at is from the perspective of well let's think about a scientist in the lab and in this case it's a chemist. So probably many of you have got chemistry faculty back at your institutions. You'll have chemists working at the coal phase and this chemist happens to be a crystallographer or she is quite a sort of switched on chemist because they're using a mobile device to record their laboratory methodologies and their results so it's like an electronic lab notebook and in the open science report there is a little section on electronic lab notebooks. So the crystallographer in the local lab works, they have to think about the chemical structures of the crystals that they're creating and they want to analyze them, they want to synthesize them and they want to characterize these crystal structures and most of the time that works fine but sometimes they'll have a crystal structure that's particularly difficult, it might be a particularly small crystal structure and so at that point they need to use a different service so they might go to a national crystallographic service and this one happens to be in Southampton. So I come from Bath so let's say there's a researcher at Bath at the local lab and they've got to take their sample to a crystallography service a national service at the University of Southampton and so they've got different hardware there, different equipment bigger-scaled equipment and most of the time they handle the crystal structures it's fine but all of a sudden they may also get a crystal structure that's a little difficult to characterize so they decide to take it to the synchrotron. So this is the synchrotron, the diamond light source in Oxfordshire and the national crystallographic service has got beam time on one of the beam lines there and they have a whole different set of equipment there and the sample goes to Oxford and goes through a pipeline process there. And what we find is that there are different workflows in each different place your lab probably has a different workflow to the workflow at Southampton or at Bath and so what we've got here are far from seamless data integration issues and we've got a new project and I'm starting with some quite sort of nitty-gritty stuff here a new project called I2S2 which is funded by the JISC and we're working with a range of partners to look at these data integration issues across a range of scale and as you've probably gathered from what I've said so far we're looking at data integration across geographical boundaries and also across institutional boundaries and we're looking at some technical metadata issues but we're also looking at cost-benefit issues so we're working with Neil Beigrie who's developed the Keeping Research Data Safe model to look at where, at which points, intervention will realise cost-benefits and I'd like to share with you some early results so we've been involved in the requirements gathering phase trying to understand what's actually happening at these different points and so I'm not going to go through all of this but if you have a quick scan through there's some interesting points here which I'll pick out so the poor old researcher back at the coal phase has to fill in multiple proposals, multiple forms in order to get their sample through these various channels whether it's at the coal phase, whether it's at the national service or whether it's at an international global service like Diamond we have a fairly well-established metadata schema as part of the E-Crystal's national service at Southampton but there's variable standards, different metadata used in other sites as I say, the workflow varies from lab to lab some of it is reasonably formulaic, being crystallography but some of it's quite complex and unrecorded and for my mind, worst of all people take their data samples, their crystal samples to these facilities, they get data off the beam line and there's millions, billions of pounds invested in these services but we take our data off on a USB stick how safe is that? Or on a laptop? So this whole project has raised a lot of issues that we're starting to address with the hope of streamlining and overcoming some of these challenges of scale so that's crystallography so what I'd like to do now is to move field slightly and think about some bio stuff and this time I'm going to go up to the coast I think my geography serves me right to the Broad Institute which is part of MIT and Harvard which is a genome centre there's a very nice display here in the atrium of the Broad where you can actually see the data flying off the sequencing machines and at the moment they're sequencing the genome of the African elephant so they've got 117 sequences, sequencing machines each churning out 96 parallel streams of data let's get the right button this time just to give you, I don't know if you can you see that all right in the back it's coming out a bit strange here but there are streams of data here coming out so you're probably aware that the human genome was first sequence back in 2000 and they were using first generation sequences then and the sort of sequences that they've got at the Broad are Illumina sequences which are second generation and you can probably see from the table up here from nature that the costs are coming down but now they're thinking about third generation sequences and there's a whole range of new companies coming into the market with new technologies to try and sequence faster, quicker and cheaper than before and this is resulting in a technology race to the market and the real goal is to sequence a human genome for under a thousand dollars and some of the companies are promising this within the next few years as well so what does this mean for us who have to think about managing some of this data and providing cyber infrastructure to manage the data and services associated with that well there are a number of requirements for data storage that we need and I've listed some of them up there they're fairly obvious really it has to be cost effective it has to be secure but equally we need to be able to port data to and from different services easily we need to be able to analyze the data so we can get new knowledge from it and ideally what we'd really like to do is move genome sequencing out of these big data centers and maybe you can sit at your local coffee shop with your laptop and do a quick bit of genome sequencing at your leisure so enter the cavalry of cloud services and I've sat in a few sessions that have been talking about cloud computing and there's quite a lot of hype a lot of media coverage for cloud computing services and all the big players are there Amazon, IBM, Microsoft they're all there and they are developing services relatively rapidly to help computing services and data services manage their data not all I should say of the hype and the media coverage is good as you'll see from the bottom right hand corner there and this table I hope you can see it in the back but this table from Nature Biotechnology shows that there is a real ramping up of the companies that are providing cloud storage for bio for pharma companies and there's an increasing range of services being supplied and an increasing range of clients as well using those services so over here on this column we can see all the people that I've just mentioned the blue chip players a range of services being offered and here on the right you can see some of the big farmers and the smaller startup companies that are actually buying into these services so Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, US Department of Energy they're all there and they're actually using these cloud services to manage bio data and interestingly I think this is probably the first if not one of the first published articles that describes sequencing and in fact it's looking for single nucleotide polymorphism in other words DNA variation in a sequence using cloud computing and this came out in late 2009 and you'll see that in fact this has been published by colleagues up the road in Baltimore and it's using Amazon Elastic Cloud services and some open source software called Crossbow so it's actually happening and I mentioned that the first human genome was sequenced back in 2000 so we're now a decade on and you may have seen that nature's just produced a really nice special issue commemorating the first decade post genome and you can see from the nice graphic here that the cost as I say is declining but the number of human genome sequenced is increasing and there are now about 24 published human genomes and over 200 that are unpublished they've been sequenced but they're not published yet so real growth so what does this actually mean well this is Lee Roy Hood and he's the director of the Institute for Systems Biology in Seattle and he's a man with a vision and he's thinking about how the advent of a more widely available genomic data is going to affect the treatment of disease and how we approach health and therapy and he's got a concept of P4 medicine so he thinks that it's going to be predictive personalized preventive and participatory and this is radically different to how medicine is right now so he envisages a world where every patient's genome will be sequenced your genome will be the basis of your medical record and this means that once you have the patient's genome you can start to predict what sort of diseases they may be susceptible to and you can actually treat the patient on an individual basis rather than treating the disease as a whole that's radically different to how we approach medicine right now and for those of you that are in an institution that has a medical faculty or some bio faculty this will impact on how you start to think about information support and research data management support and there's an article just come out in science which is from his lab his colleagues where they've sequenced the genomes of a complete family of four so both parents and boy and the girl to start to identify traits and dispositions to particular disease so this is a real sort of first if you like so thinking about scale which is where we started we need to think about genome scale biology and what that is going to mean for all of us providing information services and data service support to faculty in that area and we have to think about genomic data as a commodity which really radically changes how we think about data in this particular context now this is a slightly different project this is sage bio networks and I've been privileged to be a part of this new initiative this is Stephen friend and he used to work for Merck pharmaceuticals big company and he left Merck to set up sage bio networks which is a not-for-profit enterprise and he's also a man with a vision and his vision is that a whole load of clinical data genetics data genome data will be openly available for sharing between scientists in the sage commons and he's thinking about cancer data obesity data diabetes data all freely available in a way that it's not at the moment for scientists to share to mine to interrogate and to gain new knowledge from it and there's a congress in a week or so's time in san francisco where some of the developments that we've been working on for the sage commons will be shared and very interestingly just this morning in the wall street journal today is wall street journal there's an article written and with an interview with Stephen called my data your data our data and it's all about the sage initiative and some associated initiatives and I just like to read to you the last paragraph so I'll just get somewhere where I can see many of the scientists agree it will be increasingly difficult for their colleagues to resist cultural forces that insist on more sharing my son is four by the time he's 15 his genomic data will probably be on facebook so what what they're saying here is that the way people's leisure lives are conducted is actually affecting scientific research so if patients demand their data be shared scientists almost have no choice so again if if you have faculty in the medical area or in the bio area these sorts of trends will affect you and there are already a whole bunch of people who have shared their personal genomic data and the numbers increasing this is one of the more high profile gentlemen who have shared their data this is archbishop desmond tutu and there are also increasingly a number of personal genomics companies you may have heard of 23 and me decode me where if you spend about 400 dollars uh send it off to 23 and me you get a kit uh you send them a saliva sample and they will analyze your genomic data from that sample and people as customers are sharing their data on the web uh in a very very open way i think it raises some really really interesting questions of ethics of privacy that your ethics committees in your institutions will need to start thinking about if they're not already but of course as we know only too well many researchers do not want to share their data they will not share their data and there are a whole bunch of reasons for that and some of them i i cover in the open science report and some of them are perfectly valid it may be because uh the the data isn't ready to be shared it may be because it's sensitive data whatever but also as this rin report the research information network uh report from last year where they did a a number of case studies from the life sciences um researchers are also extremely reluctant to use other people's data they don't trust each other they won't share their data because they don't trust each other and they won't use other people's data so there's some real interesting cultural issues to overcome there okay on we go so what can we do to um help people to share their data and to make it worth their while and in the open science report there's a section on um rewards on incentive credentials around citation and attribution and i just want to say a few words today about that so in recent uh issues of nature biotechnology uh nature cell biology there have been calls for action around um how to make uh data citable and how to be able to uh attribute uh ownership and uh provenance to that data and and in the sessions that i've been to at this conference i've also heard a lot of discussion about citation of data sets and associated supplementary information and um in class computational biology uh last year there was an attempt to develop a metric that took citation of data sets uh blog postings wiki entries into account as a new metric and they called it the scholar factor a new metric to uh help to attract contributions and participation and data sharing and if we start to think about um citation we can think about levels of granularity and we're we're used to metrics for um uh journals plos talks about article level metrics but in the sessions i've been to we've been hearing about citing data and of course it's hugely complex we have very large databases we have data sets we have data elements in tables so there's a big question for me about what level of granularity do you need to be able to provide citation services do you need to be able to cite an annotation so many of these genome sequences are annotated do you need to be able to cite an annotation and then there's an initiative called the concept web alliance where they're thinking about um how a concept can be described in rdf by a number of triples and uh beren mons and jan velcrock talk about nano publications and nano citations and micro attribution so what level of granularity do we need to have functionality to be able to cite at a level which um delivers the uh services and the attribution that we need and i went to the um presentation about data sites i've heard reference to orcid there are a number of different services that we can start to draw on which are providing persistent identification to enable these services to be delivered but the complexity challenges are considerable let me give you an example i'd like to go back to sage so sage is all about sharing network models and i talked about network biology and steven friend uh envisages the sharing of multiple data sets might be genetic data might be clinical data environmental data which are interrelated to see what the variation and the implications are from one data set to another which affect a patient's uh disease prognosis and these are displayed as network models as visualizations if you like using cytoscape which is a visualization tool and that's a sort of typical um network so how do you cite that this is the work that we're looking at we're just beginning it it is very much preliminary and the first thing we have to do is to understand the workflow of the biologists of the clinicians that are creating this data and understand what their requirements are in the citation process so this work as i say is just beginning we're hoping to um talk to some of the modelers and to some of the scientists in san francisco at the sage congress uh and um hopefully we'll be able to share some of those results with you but i think this conveys the complexity of the citation requirement and the attribution requirement so sage is very much a participatory initiative and what i'd like to do now is to look at some of the different ways in which uh participation for data curation uh is being addressed in the open science report i try to get a handle on what we mean by openness and so far in this talk i've been thinking about access and data sharing which is what you see along the x-axis here but openness can also be about participation and that's what i've tried to um display up the y-axis here so we can think about the lone scholar not always in the humanities sometimes in the humanities and we can think about um volunteers and interested amateurs being participating in some sort of uh science initiative and we can think about citizen scientists the public being involved in science and there are a number of different projects which are presented here is just a selection if you like which we can position on this curve on this continuum depending on how open they are but it's not just about this here's a different graph if we think about um the amount of work all the functions all the services all the effort all the tasks that we need to do in order to manage the research data that's coming out of all these new experimentation procedures i've listed a few on the right hand side there we need services for annotation audit data cleansing metadata schema ontologies and so on there's a whole list of stuff that needs to be done who's going to do all that so down here on the x-axis we've got some notion of capabilities so the scientist the professional scientist is the subject expert they know their data inside out but they haven't got any time so they've got the capability but they don't have any capacity they don't have the time to do what's needed and over here we've got people out there the public galaxy zoo great example who've got real interest real enthusiasm and they have the time but they don't always have the skills so we've got this dilemma which i i've tried to characterize on this decaying exponential graph of how do we balance the requirements of capacity and capability to help us to curate and manage the data that's that's being thrown at us today so as i say let's look at some examples some possible approaches so this is wiki pathways so this is a wiki based initiative where biologists are sharing their metabolic pathways so it's a absolutely traditional wiki you can edit it you can comment on it you can add to it and it's growing there are i think about a thousand pathways metabolic pathways being shared and about a thousand users that's pretty much a handful but it's a start let's look at another example so we go back to crystallography here and this is chem spider which is a service from the royal society of chemistry which manages chemical structures and they're very much into bringing the community the crystallography community the chemists to help to curate their own data so they have a manual to help people a guide and you can log on as a beta tester a curator or a depositor and as such you can help to curate the data so you can edit it you can add to it you can tidy it up and they have a notion of master curators who have oversight so they check all the work that's done by the curators so this is quite a nice example i think of community curation could it be ported to other disciplines is it being addressed in other disciplines in this way i think it's a nice example and you know if you've got a iphone you can do it on the move there's an app that allows you to do it on the moon so you can do it sitting on the bus and also quite innovatively i think they're using gaming approaches to attract people to participate so they've developed this spectral game which allows you to if you like take part in a sort of semi competitive way and they score they've got top ranking scores and it's a way of attracting people into participating so just moving on if you remember the open continuum at the top was citizens citizen science and in the open science report i there's a whole section on citizen science and one of the aspects that i particularly liked was a comparison of citizen journalism and citizen science and what can scientists learn from citizen journalism and since writing the report there's a nice blog post from this guy martin boland and he's a journalist but he's also a historian so he's citizen historian and he's got this notion of the curation gap so he characterized professional journalists and then he characterized citizen journalists and i liked this and i thought well we could apply this to scientists so you can characterize professional scientists in a very similar way and you can think about enthusiastic amateurs if you like the citizen scientists a whole relatively untapped resource so let's look at some examples and see what the issues might be so this is a project which is being led by intel in berkeley in california and they're asking the question what if every mobile device had an air quality sensor okay so just picture this you've got your mobile phone and it's got an air quality sensor in it so anywhere you go you can take a reading and they're developing that hardware there you are you can see the very preliminary i think hardware there but their vision is quite exciting so they envisage that you'll be able to use your mobile device and send in readings from wherever you happen to be it'll go into a server they'll synthesize the data and they'll send you out text messages to tell you where the difficult areas are in terms of air quality in the particular city that you happen to be in and then they also envisage having signs up in our urban areas telling you which way to walk so you go in the healthy areas okay and they're calling this participatory urbanism i think this is quite interesting it it reminded me of google street view in in terms of privacy issues you know if you're if you happen to suffer from asthma and and you have the the data sent to you and so on some interesting privacy issues there but of course one person's view on privacy is not necessarily the next person's view on privacy so there's some interesting areas there to explore i think as well for our ethics committees who are going to be very busy in the future i feel so here's another example slightly different example of citizen science so the bbc has been quite active in this area with an initiative called lab uk and the bbc has been looking for particular topics scientific challenges that are suited to mass participation and it's got some quite high profile scientists as you can see there's robert winston uh promoting this approach and it's starting to have some real success and one of the things i like about lab uk is it's working with professional scientists to develop these initiatives and it publishes a list of criteria so that if you've got an idea as a scientist you can decide whether it's worth submitting it to see whether they'll take it forward but better still they assure that they will publish all the results from these citizen science experiments in peer-reviewed journals and indeed they are doing that and and david attenborough you can see him on the web promoting the results so the results of sex idea have been published uh in a peer-reviewed journal so my question really is how will this go down with your faculty what are their attitudes going to be to working with the public in this way i think there's going to be some interesting um discussions and uh deliberations to see whether this is something that your institutions will want to take part in so that takes us on to the the final section that i want to talk about and to think about how our institutions are responding to these changes that are coming up and there is a section in the report which starts to look at some of these issues and this is uh the university of edinburgh's informatics building uh so this is one way of responding uh to the growth in informatics i don't we're all lucky enough to be able to have a beautiful new building like that in the open science report i i developed a very very simple checklist as i called it so uh an open science institutional readiness checklist so it's 10 very quick questions that you composed to your senior management team to see whether they're on the ball and if you have a look it covers strategic planning it covers structures policies and it covers library and information services as well and how engaged they are with data informatics and there's a whole section on data informatics in the report and in this talk i've covered uh some of those areas and i want to draw on some specific examples in this last section to show you some uh ways in which some institutions are tackling some of these challenges so one way uh that some institutions are tackling high throughput biology is to concentrate their initiatives and their efforts in some new centers some new institutes for high throughput biology and so UCLA has a center university of british columbia has a center and johns hopkins has a center just up the road for high throughput biology so this is thinking about gene sequencing microarray experiments and concentrating that effort we heard some talks about cloud computing and i've said a few words about it well this is quite a nice initiative uh so this is from the triangle universities north carolina who three of them are collaborating to um develop a new cyber infrastructure for data which is based on cloud computing so they're going to share their cloud services and develop policies and practice collaboratively for the benefit of all three campuses so it's a kind of regional solution if you like i liked that another thing that some institutions are doing is completely restructuring their information services so that this is uh Queensland qut in australia uh did a presentation last year at e-research australia presenting this new structure and if you have a look they're bringing together people like visualizers high performance computing people as well as data librarians liaison librarians into an e-research support structure so again this is something that your directors of information services or you yourselves may want to consider doing now in the title of the talk was the word constellations and you're probably thinking well she hasn't mentioned constellations yet so here we are so at rpi in new york they have the notion of research constellations which i rather like so the idea is that they're bringing together the stars in different disciplines together to work in particular areas so areas like bio computation and bioinformatics tetherless world and integrative systems biology so multidisciplinary groups team science but what i would like to suggest is um that doesn't quite go far enough because given the what we've just been seeing what about graphic designers to help us deal with these these increasingly uh complex visualizations animators to help us use gaming technology to attract punters in to help us curate our data i've listed a few ethical and socio-cultural issues we need social scientists in the team to help us with some of those cultural differences and i know that there are going to be some ipr issues associated with all of this so we need some legal expertise as well university of michigan so they've got an nsf bit of funding to set up an open data program and they've got an open data faculty and if you have a look it's drawing on people from again different disciplines and they've actually got an open data faculty so this is again thinking about how their institutions are supporting open science and this article that i referenced earlier from genome biology which is produced from colleagues here locally if you have a look at where they're from and i'll have to step closer so the first author is from the department of biostatistics at johns hawkins second author is from the centre for bioinformatics and the third author is from the i school at the university of marieland that's a really nice combination so one of the last points that i want to make is about the changing role of library and information scientists and in the uk we have an i school now the university of sheffield it's the first uk i school and they run courses in chemo informatics to help the researchers and the new graduate trainees to understand the issues in chemistry and then illinois their i school has a course which specializes in data procuration so these are all initiatives to help to develop either faculty or to develop the up and coming information scientists and librarians so they have the skills when they come into our libraries and into our institutions they have the skills and the knowledge and the know how to help the researchers to manage their data so a few take homes i'm almost at the end we need to think of some fairly pragmatic solutions to help the researchers to change their ways and they have to be embedded in the workflow to help them to share their data so that this prospect of open science can really happen and i think critical to that is to be able to demonstrate attribution for a particular data sequence for a particular data set and we have to work with the funding organizations and the research assessors so that this is built into research assessment frameworks it's not in the uk research assessment at the moment and i don't know that it is in the us either i do strongly believe we need the crowd we need people to help us we need effort we need capacity and we need to provide tools interfaces and guidance and assistance so that we can get the community participating and get citizens out there helping in the way that galaxy zoo has been so effective you all come from a range of different institutions different characteristics i hope you'll take back to your institutions some ideas to talk to your colleagues and your peers about how you might address supporting open science because it is going to change the prospects i think are very exciting they're slightly frightening as well but they are transformative and my last slide is a completely shameless plug for the international digital curation conference which will happen this year in chicago in december and i very much hope that i'll see many of you at that conference so thank you for listening thank you so i don't know whether anyone has questions i'm happy to answer a few if you have some i have a question about the citizen science angle that you talked about because citizen science you promoted that as a concept that we need to leverage and you hear about that a lot these days i know the nsf is very interested in it as an approach for data curation but the scientists that i talked to are incredibly skeptical about that and there are a couple of good examples that get mentioned every single time you know identifying star systems and things like that but they really don't think that it's going to work for the particular type of science that they do so you is it really worth pursuing that angle if the scientists themselves won't accept the contributions of amateur scientists because they're not really you know vetted what do you think well i think we need to do some work to understand what's involved in citizen science successful citizen science and think about which disciplines it works for and which disciplines it perhaps isn't right recognizing that there will be some disciplines sub-disciplines where the complexity of the of the laboratory just doesn't lend itself to someone out there with a web browser contributing but but equally i think there are other areas where there's real potential so the open science report really is throwing this idea open and seeking comment and views from both the information science community but also from the research community from the funders and and i know certainly from some of the uk research councils public engagement is is high on their list of drivers to show impact and i don't know if that's also true of u of us funders but what better way to demonstrate impact with the public than to get them involved in your research and and you know school kids get them involved right from the start so they understand the process they understand the skills that they're going they could usefully have and it becomes second nature to them that they they contribute they manage data i i think it's quite an exciting possibility but it won't suit everybody and as with many new things we we need to understand the perspective of the professional scientist who's well established and and see where they're coming from as well i think there's a big discussion to be had in this area and and i hope it will begin now okay i think i'll hand over to cliff thank you thank you very much for that wide-ranging talk i hope it's left everyone with a good deal to think about i'll just mention a couple of quick things one the pointer to the report that liz was referring to is on our website and is also in the in the meeting material that you got and i do urge you to have a look at it we will put a pointer up to these slides on the c and i website and as you probably noticed they're dense with material and urls and should be a helpful reference and i do also want to point you once again to this international digital curation conference that's happening in chicago it's the week before the c and i meeting and c and i is indeed acting as once again as we have with all of these as a co-sponsor so it's an excellent opportunity for digging further into some of these issues please join me once again in thanking liz for making the trip over and giving us all of this to think about and with that we are adjourned i wish you safe travels perhaps some of you will have a few moments to enjoy baltimore before you go and i look forward to seeing you all in the coming months and certainly in december thank you for coming


Tom here from Orange Systems and I want to talk about VPN scaling with PF Sense. The advice on this page intend to help firewall administrators handle increased VPN volume both in terms of throughput and number of connected users. If you want to learn more about me or my company head over to laurancesystems.com. If you like to hire short project there's a hires button up at the top. If you want to support this channel out in other ways there's some affiliate links down below that give you deals and discounts on products and services that we talk about on this channel. VPN scaling. I've got plenty of videos on PF Sense, plenty of videos on VPNs of PF Sense and the documentation that folks at NetGate provide is outstanding if you weren't aware. This is right from their website so you're hearing it from the people who make the software and they also sell appliances that run PF Sense. They have an entire hangout that breaks down a lot of videos on their YouTube channel as well covering all kinds of details about it. But I wanted to cover some finer details with the high demand here in March of 2020 on VPNs and people working from home that a couple things that you can do to tune to get the most out of your VPN. First is no PF Sense limits. This seems to be a popular question when I've done videos is PF Sense does it have a limit? How fast can it go? Well, your only limitation is the hardware environment. There are no artificial limits to limit the number of connections that you have number, the amount of speeds you can get. It's all really limited to how fast is your internet provider and how fast is the hardware that you have running it. And they do have a list of specs one, like I said with the NetGate appliances and what to expect on there. Second, IPsec is faster. I talk a lot more about open VPN because most of the time we're dealing with users who need to remote in to get to work and we ourselves use open VPN here at Lawrence Systems. So my remote workers can get into our local network here. It's an excellent product, but IPsec is so faster. So for now in March of 2020, this is still going to be the case, you know, just FYI. So everything has a date on it because, you know, if they have a new version of any one of them that things could change or different VPN services that come out. But IPsec does not cut through net very well. So there are challenges if the user is behind the net IPsec may be less than ideal, which is why we use open VPN many times for remote users. So for site to sites, pretty much IPsec is the general way to do it when we're connecting to remote offices together. External authentication, user based authentication is great when you have a few users, when you have a thousand users, suddenly now you're loading up the hardware on PF Sense to handle the authentication as well as a VPN. This can be very taxing on the system. Therefore, using an external authentication server when you're talking about that many users is going to be important. Now I have videos breaking down how to use radius inside of PF Sense, the radius server for authentication. So you can add some more real specific things like for IP address, but that radius server running on PF Sense is also going to tax the hardware that's running the VPN. So yeah, 20 users, no problem, 100 users, 300 users, well, yeah, maybe you're having a little bit more of some scaling issues. So things to keep in mind on there when you're asking, can I get the better VPN speeds? How many users do you have is going to be a little bit of a factor in there for limitations? Hardware acceleration, I'll show you where to turn this on really simple to do. This hardware I'm using, this is my virtualized lab one, does have AES and I crypto support and yes, it's active. So this can get a little bit more speed because for quite a number of years, processors have had this built in. So if we go here to advanced miscellaneous, and we can turn on AES and I BSD crypto and away we go, that will turn on that feature and you'll be able to take advantage of it. This I have not done any testing and even they admit it's kind of a one off thing, but this is the kernel PTI and MDS mode can potentially degrade total performance. This is the specter meltdown mitigations that have been built into BSD and PF Sense. And if they detect a processor, an Intel processor with those potential flaws, they will automatically enable the mitigation. Those mitigations may cost you a little bit of speed, but if you're trying to squeeze every ounce of speed out of the system, well, turning it off will definitely, you know, possibly help you a little bit more. I mean, we're talking about fine tuning, so this is worth mentioning in here. Side note, what about this being less secure as I know this obviously was headlines a couple of years ago and more recently when different flaws have been found in Intel CPUs. In order for someone to exploit this, they need to be running on the same hardware and the only thing if you're running a firewall should be your firewall software. In this case, PF Sense, therefore, someone would have to have high levels of privileges on the same hardware. It's not like you're running a virtualization stack from a general hardware firewall. Obviously running it in virtualization, that's a different issue. But if you're running it on your hardware, someone would have to have high levels of privileges to even attempt the breaking the boundaries between the processors and the cores like the specter meltdown does and extracting data. If they were having that level of privileges, they would probably go the easy route and extracting data because it takes such a high level of privilege. So this is not something I think it's going to be at right now that we know of any real huge risk but may get you a little bit more performance. So I'll throw that one out there as kind of a maybe when it comes on there and probably doesn't make a big difference with one user. But obviously with a large scale VPN with maybe a thousand users. Yes. Now all of a sudden those little things might make a big difference. Make sure your tunnel network address size pool is big enough to handle the volume users may seem obvious but sometimes that can be overlooked and you configure the VPN but now all of a sudden it's time where many users are using it at the same time and you can't figure out why some of them can't connect. You may not have a pool size big enough. You can gain a little bit of performance going from a 256 bit key to a 128 bit key. A 128 bit, 128 bit key is still very strong cipher but you know you can still limit this because it's going to tax the processor more if you have it 256. So make an informed decision and understand that I then I get a little bit more speed by doing it that way. Consider split tunneling. This is huge. This is probably the one of all the links in this list in here. This one can be a really big deal. What split tunneling is is do you want to force all the traffic and let's go over here to the open VPN setting so go open VPN edit scroll down here force all client generated traffic through the tunnel. Well this can be a problem for you redirected IB for gateway traffic so if you force all the traffic as in if the user connects and they're not just getting local resources you want all the traffic redirected. This is great if you want a VPN from a coffee house and have 100% of the traffic you know tunneled in and locked into your network and things like that. But especially in the current situation we're in where people may have a lot of other browser tabs open or watching a video they have a couple news tabs open and they want to access local resources. If you're not splitting it and letting them use their standard non VPN connection their standard internet connection or all the other things they have going on and the other one that accesses local resources what split tunneling means. So by doing it this way where you say all right we're going to only say push local network resources and if they need something local network that goes over the VPN but that Facebook page or whatever other pages they have for video streaming news etc. are not going over the VPN that alone can save you quite a bit with your users because now they're not taxing you're only going to pull what local resources they need which leaves more resources in more bandwidth and more processing power available for local resources versus them trying to tunnel everything. Now this is obviously as much as the ideal thing is have your users only VPN in force all traffic and they're only going to go to 100% work related sites that's a wonderful idea but we live in a real world and sometimes users don't do it so that was a that's one of them I'm going to say it may help you quite a bit. Now they have a lot of other little details about all the different phases you can do in the IPsec a little bit of how you can set the cryptography up and how you can do split tunneling in there how you can scale open VPN and find other fine tuning they can change. The one thing I will mention anytime you make a change in here whether to the cipher or some of the other settings you may if you run the problems if you change something make sure you reexport to the client so ideally this is going to be something you would have done before you've deployed it but even after deployed you may be running to scale problems please note when making these changes there may be differences a couple easy things you could do is download before you make the changes then download the client again after and do a diff to see what may have changed in here but some of these things like you can see all the settings right here if you change the ciphers there's where it says it there if you change the off digest TLS client whether or not you're using it just as a client or any of those this will get changed inside this and that will break existing users so just something else to keep in mind is you may have to redeploy the VPN if you make any of these major changes so keep all that in mind stay safe out there and hopefully this helps get you the most out of the VPN gets you the best performance you can get out of there and so you can have more users and scale up so go through look at the settings i'm i've covered this before and so has netgate and several other videos and there's a lay of a few at the bottom here if you want to get to that really fine tuning thing of increasing some buffers use udp fastio and like they said this is experimental options but you can if you're really trying to fine tune it just don't do it during while all the other users because any of these settings you change could disrupt current users using it so keep that in mind as well i'll leave a link to this so you can read this all and dive into the details alright and thanks and thank you for making it to the end of the video if you like this video please give it a thumbs up if you'd like to see more content from the channel hit the subscribe button and hit the bell icon if you like youtube to notify you when new videos come out if you'd like to hire us head over to laurancesystems.com fill out our contact page and let us know what we can help you with and what projects you'd like us to work together on if you want to carry on the discussion head over to forums.laurancesystems.com where we can carry on the discussion about this video other videos or other tech topics in general even suggestions for new videos they're accepted right there on our forums which are free also if you'd like to help the channel out in other ways head over to our affiliate page we have a lot of great tech offers for you and once again thanks for watching and see you next time


Hi guys welcome back again and today's video I just want to share something that's regarding what you call professions in the QID by the way do you know the meaning of the professions in the QID? Do you know what it means? is it really that profession that can help you or convince someone who's go to recruit you or someone who's going to give you the job to give you the job? by the way if it's your first time to come across a channel remember its makes 荒 藰                                                                                The professions that you have asked for in your QID are professions of a higher level. Maybe it is AB1 or F1, but you do not have what you call the documents. Yes, if you ask for that profession, do you have the documents with you? And the question did your agent or did you submit those documents for your agent to submit those documents in the system in the middle of labour? That is where partially the mistake comes from. This person has a right to get against you in case you complain about a team or you complain against him or money.  And if you cannot prove with the documentation that you are an accountant in that regard, then probably you will definitely can even request for you to composite him. that is what you call false session of the documentation, which is a criminal phase, which is against the law. What do we do or what definitely do we have to do? Let us try to look for those professions that are within our means or professions that we think we have hands on or what we have the practical skills and where we think that we have some gulf experience. It is going to be quite very easy, it is going to be quite very easy and very easy for anyone who is going to recruit us. You ask for the cleaner, it is okay you are in a cleaning profession. You can go in the hospitality sector, you can still work because it is the profession within the same lining. That is what I can advise you for those people that put professions or ask for any dubious professions in your QID. You are applying for visa, you say okay fine I need to profession myself like this one. I will ask for assistant manager because I know when I have assistant manager I will apply for the driving license. No, you may have an assistant manager in your QID. You go to apply for driving license. They will refuse reason by being that to your papers we are not submitted to the ministry of interior, to the ministry of labour, the asserted copies that show that you are a full accountant or you are a full assistant manager or which supports the supporting documents for you. So even if you apply for the driving license you will be rejected, you will not be allowed to have the driving license. But your QID has assistant manager or which an assistant manager you are entitled to drive or you are entitled to apply for driving license. So let us try to know that the systems here have coordinated information that moves from one system to another system to another system. So you cannot force up what you call the system. You cannot force up what you call the system. Let me try to share up something for you and that is what exactly that you definitely need to know when it comes to force or when it comes to professions in what you call the QID. Hope I try to share up something for you and hope that is really very good for you in one way or the other.