I'm gonna kick it off and then turn it over to Jennifer who really did the work. How about that? Actually leading a team, I'll do more of that in a minute. So we're gonna talk about open space and I'm gonna tie it a little bit to growth. When we talk about growth in the city, we focus a lot about the population growth. We talk about 20,000 new people coming every year. So when you think about it after five years, that's another 100,000 people. Or we talk about it in the way the city grows in square miles and we're now up to somewhere around 350 square miles or in that area. So when we talk about growth, we think about population and we think about land area. Another way to think about growth is when we convert land from a natural environment to a built environment. And so what we've been doing and for worth the last couple of years is to the tune of about 53 acres a week, we convert from a natural state to a built environment. When you think about it over one year, that's the equivalent of almost 2,800 acres that we took from a natural state and put it in a built environment. You'll hear in a minute from Jennifer that many of our plans that are included in the comprehensive plan have open space goals tied to them. But I'm not sure we have a way to prioritize open space across the city, nor have we identified how we're gonna fund open space acquisition if that opportunity presented itself or if we wanted to do it in a proactive way. Over the past several years, we've responded or reacted to isolated instances. So when you think about some of the stuff we've done at Lake Worth, what we've looked at around Lake Arlington, when you think about Randall Mill or Benbrook Lake or I'm leaving some areas out, Walsh Ranch. So we asked Jennifer if she would lead an internal team to look at this issue of open space, right? Cause it involves park and rec property management, a lot of different departments, solid waste, environmental, she'll talk about that in a minute. And so she's led an internal group so that we can begin this conversation on open space. So this isn't the end of the conversation, this is the beginning of the conversation to talk about open space and whether we should have a more proactive approach and a way to take advantage of prioritizing open space and knowing what we want to protect and then being proactive in doing that. So with that, I'm gonna ask Jennifer to come up here and talk about her work in the open space area and then both Jennifer and I will be available to answer any questions. Thanks, Jennifer. Thank you, David. Mayor and council, let's see. So as David said, I'm gonna talk about why we should have an open space program for the city of Fort Worth. And so as he said too, this is not a stormwater-led effort. I think many of you see me and you think, oh, this is stormwater, but this was really exciting for me. We really just started this effort in August and so we've been meeting with this very collaborative group of the departments on the screen. We had our partner organizations, the COGS, Streams and Valleys and the Water District present as well, really collaborating since August on what this program could be and why it's so important for our community. So today's presentation is really gonna go into why we should preserve open space. How do we plan for those areas? How do we identify the key areas for open space? How do we fund the acquisition and then what our proposed next steps forward to actually move forward with this open space program? So why do we even need to preserve open space? So short and simple is it helps us achieve our vision of being the most livable city in the country. So as David said, everyone knows that Fort Worth is experiencing rapid growth. So here the kind of blue-gray line in the middle shows the growth, huge significant jump over the last 20 years. And so as the city has grown and more and more people have moved to the area, more land is being developed and so there's less open space. So this exhibit is in far north, Fort Worth, just a little south of the Alliance area and this really helps show the impact of development on open space. And so the areas in pink are the past FEMA floodplains along these channels. So you used to have more stormwater storage along these channels, but over time development has pinched down these floodplains and this is allowed. And so you see more development over time and you see the loss of one of these more beneficial types of open space, our floodplain storage. So it really brings up the question, what kind of community do we wanna be? Do we wanna be a community that's just all built environment and poorly planned or do we wanna plan to protect one of our most valuable assets, our open space, and have a dense community with pockets of those high quality open spaces where people can go and escape the built environment and then go energize and then go back to their work and their lives. So what we did is we went through and open space actually helps us identify and achieve all of city council's strategic goals. So it helps provide a safer city, it helps provide flood control, it even helps with crime prevention and some of the research and journals that we've looked at. That was a little surprising to me. It helps improve mobility and air quality. So having, leaving those trees helps filter out pollutants. It lowers the heat and cools down the land in the area. It provides opportunities for trail connectivity so people can actually ride their bikes to places and walk instead of just getting their vehicle. It helps us create a clean and safe and attractive environment, a place for where wildlife actually have a home. They don't have to live in your backyard, they can live in the open space. It allows for water quality improvements. It filters out sediments and pollutants before they enter our water sources and provides opportunities for natural recreational opportunities and education. We had a 2017 economic development strategic plan and so open space can help attract the right people, the right jobs, talented people and organizations to the city of Fort Worth, people that want these open space recreational opportunities through the city can help promote tourism and increase our property values. And then lastly, it can help promote orderly and sustainable development by identifying and preserving those key open spaces for the community to use now and then in many generations to come. So as David said, our comprehensive plan actually has all of these adopted plans as a part of it and all these adopted plans all mentioned open space. But the big key is there's no overarching citywide criteria for how do we actually go about identifying and prioritizing this open space. And then the comprehensive plan also talks about the different things that are actually important in open space. So it talks about stormwater conveyance and riparian areas, trails, trees, unique vistas, water quality and environmental quality. So we already have all this information of these types of things are important should be considered for open space. So then we have all this information and we realize it's a huge benefit. So how do we actually go about planning for open space? So when we're talking about open space, the big thing is we've got lots of, we want actual natural areas that can be used for trail systems and not turned into ball parks. We don't want manicured golf courses or like my HOA front yard has to be mowed every week. We want natural areas where people can go and get away to nature and then are a low maintenance too. We have to think about, we've got limited resources so we can't go out there and mow all the time but we wanna provide these areas for people to access. So our group went through and we brainstormed what criteria are really important for the city of Fort Worth? And so we came up with this list on the screen and the longer the bar we all actually voted on what criteria are important. We started out with this list of like 40 different criteria and we're like, wow, we got it. So we kind of all combined them together and we came up with a list of around 10 criteria and we narrowed it down further. We also utilized the resources of streams and valleys in their recent confluence plan that was adopted last year. They had a whole lot of public engagement on what the public felt was important for the confluence plan. And so we use that too to kind of help us categorize all these different benefits and criteria that we could use to identify and prioritize open space. And so we came up with health and recreation. So the big thing, we want this for the community. We want people to be able to go out there and utilize it and utilize the trails and it links to our big blue zone initiative. Second came in was flood control. So we've got limited resources, we can't go mitigate all these flooding problems but if we can keep our flood plains natural and we can use them to hold back water that can have huge benefits to our community. Access, we wanna make sure that these open spaces are in identified in areas where people can access them and think about equity and think about those disadvantaged populations that don't have easy walking access to get to parks and open spaces. Iconic places, places that people look at and think about when they think about home and they think about Fort Worth and their community that they grew up in, we should think about protecting those places. And then lastly, economic development and ecosystem preservation came out too. So all of these criteria are things that we should think about when we evaluate what areas we want to identify and preserve. So lastly, affordability. Obviously we've got limited resources but we don't wanna just throw costs out there to begin with. We wanna go out and identify what those key spaces are and then think about affordability and think about how we could work with our partners possibly or what resources we have available to actually go out and identify sites. So if we were to do some kind of big GIS analysis and overlap information on all those criteria, what types of parcels do we think would actually show up as high priority open space areas? So here's one example is the Lake Arlington shoreline. And so what we did is we just kind of put a 500 foot buffer along the Fort Worth side of Lake Arlington. And so this actually has been identified a section of this in our recent active transportation plan as one of the top 20 priority trail alignments along Lake Arlington. So if we were able to preserve the buffer along Lake Arlington as a green space, so not just huge spaces but you're treating, you're keeping the water quality, you're keeping the environment there and then you're allowing great development up along that green edge so everybody can access the lake and not just house after house but opening that up to the community. So if we were able to do that, that would be really awesome. Here's one opportunity. So if you flip back, this area is like right around here. And in 2015, this is what the site looked like. So there, that could be a great site for an open space to park or trail along that area. But in 2019, this is what it looks like today. And if you go drive down and do street view from Google, what you see is this is a home to those big metal boxes and manufactured homes that are sitting waiting there to be delivered somewhere else and you can drive along the road and you can look over and you see the lake over there. But this is not what we want for our community. This is not what we want for right along lakefront footage, this kind of storage. So we need to be ready to act and to know what land is really important for us. We don't wanna go out and acquire all open spaces across the city of Fort Worth. We wanna acquire those key open spaces. So the Marys Creek area in West Fort Worth is another potential area we could do open space acquisition. So we know this area is growing. So you've got Walsh Ranch that's just starting to develop out here. So soon you're gonna have all these people. So before the people all get there, let's start planning and thinking about what open space we should preserve. Marys Creek is also really important in terms of flood control downstream along Marys Creek and in the Trinity River. And so in this area, maybe you don't follow really, really small parcels. We look for larger parcels that we could use both to protect Marys Creek and then also to reduce flooding downstream. So the Sycamore Creek area is another example of where we think would stick out as good possibilities for open space. So this area is a little bit different. We've got our super majority minority areas. So really trying to look in how we could help these disadvantaged communities connect to the river and connect to open space. So on this left side, you see a lot of green parcels. We've already got a lot of parks actually along Sycamore Creek. So if we could try to connect those focusing on the riparian quarter along Sycamore Creek, you could have a great trail system. And this is another segment that's been identified in Active Transportation Plan as one of the top 20 trail segments along this reach. Just really trying to connect those parts. Also the very downstream end of Sycamore Creek before it goes into the Trinity is identified for high bacteria. And so as a regulatory requirement from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, we actually have to go and clean that up. And so if we acquire open space, that could be an initiative that we use to help clean up that area and help filter those pollutants out and improve the water quality in Sycamore Creek and then before it goes into the Trinity River as well. So one of the last potential examples of where open space could be identified is on the east side of Fort Worth. And this image right here is actually taken from the Streams and Valleys 2018 adopted Confluence Plan. And it specifically says some of the Fort Worth's last remaining natural open spaces lie along West Fork East. So you've got downtown here in the pink, you see the meander and the river. So here you've got the whole east side. They show kind of all this green area. So this is just zoomed into part of the east side right here at 35. You've got the Trinity River. There's a massive flood plain. So at Beach Street, the levees stop, the flood plain opens up. So there's lots of opportunity in this area to preserve this flood plain, to help reduce flooding, to help bring people to the river. Streams and Valleys has an ultimate plan of trying to protect the land all along the river so people can access the river for kayaking. People can travel along the river from Fort Worth to Dallas. So if we could work with them to try to acquire and preserve open space along the Trinity River, it would help accomplish so many missions and visions in this area. So how do we actually fund all this? So as we know, land is not cheap. So we've looked at different potential funding sources and this is just a very initial start of how we could possibly fund these. And one way is our park dedication fee. So we have that fee. It was actually recently updated. So the big thing is, is that the park dedication fee can only be used in a certain way. So we'd have to make sure that the open space fit the specific park dedication criteria. But it is one potential funding source that's out there. And now there is the future bond programs. So right now we're planning for the 2022 bond programs. Obviously we would have to prioritize in and these would be evaluated against other great projects like police and fire stations and libraries. But open space is another big need for the city of Fort Worth. Partnerships with nonprofits. So how can we work with our partners to possibly fund the acquisition of these open spaces? We've got different enterprise and special revenue funds. We've got our water fund. The number one thing there is that the money would have to first be used to identify water and water investments and to protect drinking water. But as we know, there's lots of linear pipelines that could possibly be used to connect open spaces or could be used for trail systems. So thinking about the multi-use of the property that we have to acquire. Stormwater utility funding. So could we use the funding to actually go acquire and keep those open spaces open to reduce downstream flooding? And then for environmental, we've got the environmental fund. And as long as we are protecting water quality, that could be a use of the environmental funding as well. And then lastly, there's the oil and gas well trust funds which is another potential revenue source that we could use for open space acquisition. So what's our next steps? How do we move forward with this? So our plan is to work with trust for public land to actually help us with our open space plan. And there they've got this great unbiased expertise. They've got a lot of experience already in the Fort Worth area. They helped us with our Lake Arlington master plan with our Lake Worth green print. And so they can bring all this expertise to the table. They've helped Dallas with their open space planning. They've helped Travis County down in Austin with their open space planning. So they're a great resource to really bring them to the table and help us come up with our plan for the city of Fort Worth. So our next steps are really to initiate a contract with trust for public land early next year and then work with them to build a tool to really help us figure out what are those key open spaces to identify. And then come up with our open space plan policy. So another big aspect of this is maybe we don't have to go buy all this land. Maybe we could change some of our policies for how land is developed. Maybe we could make it so we could work with people who come to us and say, I'm tired of paying taxes on my floodplain. Can you take it? Well, we don't want to take everything. We'll then know if it is a high quality piece. And then maybe we can work together and accept donations because we've had people approach us before and then we don't know what to do sometimes. And then also, so we need to think about our maintenance plan and how we maintain this property and how we educate the community that it's going to be natural, that it's not going to look like their front yard. And then ultimately, obviously, we wanna be engaging and working with the public and considering their feedback as we go through this process. And so the whole thought is if we move forward with this process and then for us to look into using our gas well trust funds to jumpstart this effort. So why should we wait and start and wait for the 2022 bond election when there's those key open spaces out there right now that could be developed tomorrow? 53 acres a week could be developed. So if those areas are out there now, let's use our money that we have available and go and acquire them. So in terms of public engagement, we're really hoping to dovetail with the 2022 bond program process. So starting to present information to plan commission early next year, utilizing the information we have so far from streams and valleys and their extensive public engagement on open spaces, looking and seeing what gaps we have in information and then reaching out to the public next summer during our 2022 bond program meetings, also talking to them about open space at that time. Coming up with an online tool to get their feedback as well. And then ultimately in the fall or next year, compiling our information together and wrapping up, having that information on how we can actually go out and identify those open spaces.


We use the term military working dog team a lot you have to know your dog You have to understand its behaviors and its tendencies and how long it can work We do you know the security forces job as well as the dog stuff when we get off work We don't just get off work. We get off work. We train we come back here We do dog training with the feed dogs. We have to do all of these things to take care of these animals in the day That's what keeps us you know keeps us safe Training is important to maintain the dog's efficiency as well as advance the dogs in training when possible I enjoy the training honestly. I Enjoy the training aspect of it. It is tiring. It's like mentally exhausting physically exhausting But it's all worth it at the end of the day teaching a dog a new behavior Trying to fix a bad behavior, you know those those challenging things Make me I feel like a better trainer the training aspect goes a long ways and Teaching us that and making us more an effective team


Welcome back to our med smarter question of the week where we're taking a smarter approach to preparing future physicians Before we get started if you'll click that like button and also subscribe and turn the bell on so that you'll be notified when we post new Videos all right. Let's get right to that question. This one is pretty much a short vignette. So We're gonna go ahead and just read the whole thing because there's only a few words that we're missing without the last sentence A patient is being treated with beta blockers for hypertension Which of the following describes the effects of beta blockers on end diastolic volume? blood pressure contractility heart rate and ejection time So this question is just asking us to know what the effects of a particular medication are Don't get overwhelmed by seeing this chart because this is a fairly straightforward question So we all know right from the start that beta blockers are gonna slow the heart rate so we can come through here and We can mark out any answer choice that causes an increase in heart rate. So B and e are going to be out because they do not fall in line with a decrease in heart rate We know beta blockers are used for hypertension. So it's gonna cause a decrease in our blood pressure But all of these answer choices as you see here have a decrease in blood pressure So that can't rule any of further doubt. So if we decrease our heart rate We're going to decrease oxygen consumption and that will also decrease our contractility Therefore we can rule out anything that has an increase in contractility or little to no effect So that is E and a so now we're down to C and D. So if we are decreasing our heart rate That gives us more time to fill up the heart and more time to empty the heart So we're going to increase our ejection time only one of these answer choices gives us an increase in ejection time and that is D Therefore D is going to be our final answer and D is the correct answer So our beta blockers will decrease contractility as we see in D and it also decreases our heart rate Therefore we have a decrease oxygen consumption that will allow for an increased in diastolic volume due to a longer Diastolic filling time increased ejection time to get all of that in diastolic volume out one further thing that you didn't have to know To answer this but that beta blockers decrease the secretion of renin Therefore our renin angiotensin cascade is going to be diminished and that is what reduces our blood pressure If you found this material helpful for your studying Please like and consider subscribing to the channel also share this video so that more people can benefit from it like you have


Hello and welcome to the session. I am Deepika here. Let's discuss a question from a point on the ground the angles of elevation of the bottom and the top of a transmission tower fixed at the top of a 20 meter high building are 45 degree and 60 degree respectively. Find the height of the tower. Let us first understand the angle of elevation. In this figure qr is a horizontal line. The angle of elevation from q turned by pq with qr that is here the angle of elevation is angle pqr. So this is a key idea. We find that question. We will take the help of this key idea to solve our question. So let's start the solution. First we will draw a simple diagram to represent our problem here. In this diagram pt represents a transmission tower and qt is a building which is 20 meter high. Now the angle of elevation of p from r is 60 degree and angle of elevation of t from r is 45 degree. So we have given qt is equal to 20 meter and angle trq is equal to 45 degree. Now in right triangle rq we have now we want to find rq. So we will use a trigonometric ratio which involves both tq and rq and that is 1045 degree. Here for tq upon rq is equal to 1045 degree. So we have now tq is given to us 20 meter 20 over rq is equal to 1045 degree and this is 1. So this implies rq is also equal to 20 meter. Again in right triangle prq we have rq is equal to 20 meter. The height of the tower is h meter. Therefore q is equal to 20 plus h meter. Again angle prq is equal to 60 degree. Now we want to find pq. So we have pq upon rq is equal to 1060 degree. Now pq is 20 plus h meter upon rq is 20 meter is equal to root 3 as 1060 degree is root 3. Now on cross multiplication we have 20 plus h is equal to 20 root 3. So we have h is equal to 20 root 3 minus 20 and this is equal to 20 into root 3 minus 1. Hence the height of the tower is 20 into under root 3 minus 1 meter. Hence the answer for the above question is 20 into under root of 3 minus 1 meter. I hope the solution is clear to you. Bye and take care.


because they had two hits, two stolen bases tonight. Just how much more comfortable are you feeling in the batter's box? I feel a little better. I just work in every day. My hitting coach has helped me out a lot. Team mates got my back and I think that's the biggest thing for me is they believe in me, so I'll just keep working. We saw the speed tonight. How much of a part of your game is that going to be? Is that something that you're gonna continue to try to do running a lot? If it's there, I'll take it. It depends on the situation of the game. Today they gave it to me, so I took it, but yeah, it's all up to the pitchers. If they give it to me, I'm gonna take it. What have you thought of Aaron Hicks? Just three games in that lead-off spot, but he seems to be getting on base an awful lot. Yeah, I love it. He's aggressive out there. He plays the game hard. He's getting bags as well, so anytime you have production from him and he's getting on base, making things, getting on base and just works. I like him up there. With Cole exiting early, you needed to get a lot of outs out of your bullpen. You had a good view of Clark Schmidt. What impressed you about him this evening? He looked good. Cole's our guy.  He's gonna be fine. Clark looked good, throwing strikes, getting ahead and that sinker was nasty, so as long as we get him going, our pitching, we got each other's back. What tells you Cole will be fine? It's Garrett Cole. I faced him enough in Texas when he was at Houston and I've seen him. He's one of the best pitchers in the game and he's here for a reason. Isaiah, congratulations on the win. Thank you.


Hey everybody, this is Brian. Welcome to the 93rd Qt Tutorial with C++ Enquiry Programming. We're not actually going to be doing any programming today. So, if you already know XML, feel free to skip this video. If XML is new to you, then feel free to watch the video. This is the primer for XML. First off, what is XML? If you go out to Wikipedia and look it up, XML stands for Extensible Markup Language aka XML. The set of rules are encoding for documents, machine, blah blah blah. You can read this whole thing, but really what it boils down to is XML is a structure that defines data. Where have we seen this before? It looks awfully familiar. If you look at this graphic, what does that look like? Well, if you right click the web page, go View Source, looks awfully familiar to HTML, doesn't it? That's because they both backbone off of a similar language, which we won't discuss. But basically, what you need to understand, it's very simple. XML is just plain text, very similar to HTML. With XML though, you have a set of rules. And as everything, it seems kind of simple at first and the deeper you get, the more infinitely complex it becomes. But what you need to understand the most is XML is plain text. It's a set of rules or behaviors that you should follow. You need to understand some key terminology and you need to know basically how things are marked up. For example, you have tags. It starts with these brackets and then intags, which is a brackets with a slash. See that slash right there? Just like HTML if you know HTML. Or you can have an empty element, which is of course ends with a slash. So like line break would be an empty element. Where section, there's the beginning, there's the end, that's the data in between. Very simple, very easy to understand. Here's a declaration. The declaration says like the version, the encoding, you know, text can have different encoding. You can have escape characters, you can have invalid characters, things like that. All you really need to understand when working with XML when you first start off is the basics of how to use it. For that, I recommend going out to w3schools.com. No, I don't get any sort of kickback for mentioning their names. I just really like their website and they have some awesome tutorials on just about everything web. And you see right on the top here you have XML and here is an example of an XML document. Now this is a simple document, but it's got some complex things going on here. There is the declaration. Notice how it's got that question mark? It says it's XML version 1.0. And then we've got this note in note. Well that is an element. And that whole thing right there is one element. And it's got elements inside of it. So an element can have an element in an element in an element.  So inside of note, whoops, we have 2. And from, heading, body. Now each one of these elements can have what's called attributes. For example, let's go into the source of this document here. But we can find some attributes really quick. Yes, we can't like this meta tag right here. That name is an attribute. The tag is the meta tag.  But the attribute is name. Yeah, it's name. And then it has the word description, then content, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. This would be a better example right here. Because you can see the entire tag. HTTP, equiv, and then content. Those are both attributes. Now XML, you can also define what's called a schema. And it really goes beyond the scope of what you need to know to really work with XML. But a schema defines how the data should work. So go out to W3Schools.com and just kind of go out here and browse around and see some of the things they have and how things are structured and get some basic understanding of how XML is structured. See how you can have a root, a child, a sub-child. That's one thing you should understand about XML is that you need to have a root element and you can have only one root element. So what you would say is root and then you'd have your children. You can have as many children as you want. And each child can have as many sub-childs and sub-sub-childs and sub-sub-sub-sub-childs, et cetera, et cetera. I don't think there's even a word as sub-sub-sub-child. But anyways, you get the point. Now, what would you use XML for? XML is perfect for, you guessed it, moving data back and forth. You'd use XML for things like SOAP, simple object access protocol. Things of that nature. You move data around for whatever you could imagine. For example, bank transfers. Let's say you've got two systems. Let's say you want to transfer money from Bank of America to Independent Bank. And I don't bank at either one of those, but those are just examples. They have two different systems. Their internal software is different. Their IT departments are different. Everything about them is different. But they want to move the data between the two systems. XML would be perfect for that. There's a whole, you know, spawn generation of companies out there that do middleware. But you would define it in XML. So company A would create the document, send it to company B who would read the document. And because it is using XML and they've already defined a schema and everything behind it, they know exactly how it's going to be formatted. Now, one thing you should know is there are companies out there like Microsoft, which some people love Microsoft. Some people hate them. I'm not going to give you my opinion. But they obviously put their spin on everything. So there's not just XML. There's MSXML. So you got to be aware of the different little flavors of that. And I think they've actually tried to be backwards compatible with XML.  So go out to w3schools.com, kind of look around, see, you know, what XML is used for, how you use XML, how it's structured, get kind of a feeling for it, like here's a nifty little XML document. And you can see how you've got like an encoding with an ISO, et cetera, et cetera. That's part of the tag. And then you're just saying NIFT and then head, body, headlines, et cetera, et cetera. It's an example of a weather service here we got. I mean, this is just some small examples of what XML can be used for. If it looks big, scary and intimidating, don't worry, it's actually very easy to work with. And over the next couple of tutorials, we're going to be working with XML. And I wanted to break this up into a couple of tutorials because people tend to get kind of confused or the whole deer in headlights about XML because it looks daunting and complex and you get the Uber nerds out in forums that are going, oh, no, you can't have it like this. It's got to be like that. And then it boo boo and, you know, just tell those guys to go away. XML is designed by nature to be flexible. So, flex it. Anyways, this is Brian. I probably talked way too much on this tutorial. Go out, do some research on XML, get comfortable with just looking at it and how it feels and how it acts. Next couple of tutorials, I hope to knock those out the next day or two. We're going to write XML and we're going to read XML. So, thanks for watching. I hope you found this educational and entertaining.


But let's talk about the M1 Pro versus the M1X, John, because there's not as much difference as I would have initially thought, right? The, sorry, I'm saying the M1X because I have it written that way in my notes. There is no M1X. It's the M1 Max. So there's the M1 Pro versus the M1 Max. And the nearest I can tell you John and help me with this if you have more details. But the M1 Pro and M1 Max both sort of max out at that 10 core CPU, but where the M1 Max goes and goes beyond goes above and beyond is the GPU, right? Where you get the 16 core neural engine in all of them. And then the M1 Max can go to either a 24 core GPU or a 32 core GPU. And the M1 Max also lifts the ceiling from 32 gigs of RAM to 64 gigs of RAM as a max, right? Okay. And what else is there between the two CPUs? I know Apple was saying that memory bandwidth on the max is 400 gigabits per second whereas on the pro it's 200. Right. Okay. So CPU wise it's no faster. And their charts showed that too. Those charts were interesting that they were showing. It was, you know, the CPU performance really didn't change because it's the same CPU between the, you know, between the M1 Pro and the M1 Max. But it was the GPU performance where things really kind of kicked up a notch, if you will. And these seem to be about 50% faster on the CPU than the M1 chip, right? Cause I'm looking at the chart that they showed in their, in their, you know, in the presentation. And they called the M1, they listed that at a hundred on their relative performance chart and the M1 Pro and the M1 Max clock in at 150 on the relative performance chart. So to me, that's 50% faster. So it was nice to see them saying that it was faster than the old one, which is, you know, old being a year old. So any more on the M1 Pro versus the M1 Max? Don't see the whole, yeah, I haven't seen a whole lot published about it yet, but I'm sure we'll get more, of course. So, yeah, it's, I'm, you know, I'm stoked to see it. You know, even the M1, let us not forget that the M1 chip is super fast. And I have yet to hit a performance ceiling on it.  Strangely launching Pixelmator Pro maxes out my cores. Now it only happens for, you know, a second or a second and a half or something. But I happen to notice while I'm waiting for Pixelmator Pro to, you know, fully launch that my cores are just maxed out, which is a good thing to me. It's like, okay, yeah, let's, you know, let's use them. So, but yeah. Yeah, what else? External display support. So the M1 Mac supports four external displays. Right. Yeah, yeah, yeah. The M1 supports two. I'm just looking at their comparison chart here. Is that, you want to bring up that comparison chart for us, John? You have it on anything? Excuse me. Yeah, man. Yeah, okay. So I had caught that the M1 Mac supported four. I did, I missed that these. So you said the M1 Pro supports two external displays. Is that right? Mm-hmm. Okay, that's great. So that's one more than the M1 supports, right? Because the M, when we say external displays, we're talking about it from a laptop standpoint on the Mac mini, of course, it supports two external displays because that there is no internal display. But, you know, the M1 chip itself supports a maximum of two displays. It sounds like the M1 Pro supports a maximum of three and the M1 Mac supports a maximum of five. And so that, that's huge. I think is, that was a limiting factor. That was the reason I got my M1 mini. The guy wanted to trade it for me because he had three external displays that he wanted to use and he didn't like having to do it with display links. So he was like, I don't want to keep it. That's fine. I'm good. I only use two displays. Only use two displays. And the battery life is better. And I guess this MagSafe 3 will do what they call faster charging. Yeah. Right. 30 minutes up to 50%. That's really good. That's great. Yeah. Yeah. I wonder, I wonder if we get any of that. Do we get any of that fast charge on USB-C? That would be, I don't know. I don't know.


All right, so we have a bunch of photography and videos of retro hardware, so let's take a journey and Before I tell anyone what this is guess what this is in the chats, and then at the end. I'll tell you what it is So you'll have a few seconds, but is this from the future? It looks like a rendering. Is it from the past? Is this one of those dolly things that says like 90s console that never came out This looks like something that's Like of is it a cable box? It's a rendering from like a 1980s like demo reel from like SIGGRAPH This is like SIGGRAPH 92 They're new, SGI No, like it's not the product. It's like literally the thing that's rendered. Yeah, look it's got RF output. So it does date it Yeah So let's see if anyone knows what this is You and I don't know what this is But this isn't this is by the way some incredible 80s style. I mean this is this is like lawnmower man kids toy All right I mean, it's it's the it's the thing that looks like it's a handheld joystick It's got like these flanges on it like the flanges are totally unnecessary. Yeah, and the grid, you know the gridding is like a very All right, so here it is. This is a future that never happened. It's called the view master interactive vision This was introduced in 1988 and released in You do I say it came with Sesame Street games and it featured the Muppet show characters and a Disney game Disney Cartoon Arcade it went on sale for 120 dollars and That was 33 years ago and it came from view master group whose view master these folks these could this could have been our Future where view master and if you think about it, why isn't view master making VR goggles? Why aren't they doing? Why aren't they doing? You know, why aren't they meta? So they had games, but then was it ever sold sold like people actually bought it at Kermit the frog the great Gonzo It actually was a little bit of that. What's that robot friend you have to excel the two said like cuz it's like it's VHS It's like it's a video to excel. Yeah, so anyways Incredible look at this and that's retro


Trogaderma granarium, native to the Indian subcontinent, is one of the world's most destructive pests of stored food products. Early detection of this pest facilitates prompt response towards the invasion and prevents the need for costly eradication efforts. All life stages of these species are difficult to distinguish using morphological characters. This article was authored by Yinka Wu, Michael J. Doming, Alana Amkgror, and others.


Your Excellency Margaret Beasley, Governor of New South Wales, the Hon. Scott Morrison MP, Prime Minister of Australia, and the Hon. John Howard, former Prime Minister. Sir Frank Lowy, Chairman of the Lowy Institute and Board Members of the Institute. Ministers, MPs and Senators, Ambassadors and Consuls General, Corporate Members and Supporters, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, good evening and welcome to the 2019 Lowy Lecture and Dinner. I'm Michael Fully Love, the Executive Director of the Institute. I acknowledge that we are gathered on the land of the Gadigal people of the Eora Nation and I pay my respects to all their elders. Well ladies and gentlemen, doesn't the Sydney Town Hall look magnificent tonight? Let me ask you, how good is the Lowy Lecture? The answer is very good. The Lowy Lecture is the most important event in the Institute's calendar and we are delighted you could all be with us tonight. Each year the Institute invites a prominent individual to reflect on Australia's place in the world and the world's influence on Australia. Past Lowy Lecturers have included German Chancellor Angela Merkel, Boris Johnson, now the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, former CIA Director David Petraeus, Chairman of News Corp, Rupert Murdoch and two sitting Australian Prime Ministers, Malcolm Turnbull and John Howard who gave the inaugural Lowy Lecture in 2005. Tonight we are honoured that a third Australian Prime Minister will deliver the 2019 Lowy Lecture. Ladies and gentlemen, it's hard to keep up with everything that's happening in the world isn't it? In Washington we note that the odd connection between the Trump Administration and Australia continues. It started with that early phone call between President Trump and Prime Minister Turnbull which was described as hostile and charged and leaked to the Washington Post. And then Scott Morrison was in the White House when the Ukraine story broke which is leading to the current impeachment discussions. And now Australia is back on the front page of the New York Times because of a vast left-wing conspiracy supposedly orchestrated by that noted Australian Socialist Alexander Downer. In London Brexit is going swimmingly let's say. Here at the Institute we have been honoured to host Boris Johnson twice. In 2017 he gave an excellent Lowy Lecture from this podium and in 2013 he spoke to a smaller group when he was Lord Mayor. And for that event I did something I've never done for any other speaker. I actually went to Boris's hotel to pick him up and transport him to the Institute. Not because I was in awe of him but because I wasn't 100% convinced that he would make it there on his own. Of course when we got to the Institute he gave a typically brilliant speech and he had the audience in the palm of his hand. Meanwhile in Canada Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, once a darling of the media, is facing a series of scandals. In fact as someone remarked it's become so embarrassing that Canadians travelling overseas are starting to tell people they're American. Amidst all this chaos ladies and gentlemen the Institute has continued to focus on the big international questions. In 2003 our founder Sir Frank Lowy gave the Institute two missions to deepen the Australian foreign policy debate and to ensure that Australia's voice is heard abroad. We are proud of what the Institute has achieved over the past 16 years and this year has been exceptionally productive for us. We published influential research on subjects that matter to Australia including the Indonesian elections, women in Jihad and Russia's pivot to Asia. With Penguin Random House we published two outstanding new Lowy Institute papers. The first examines the Trump Administration's relationship with the West and the second looks at the backlash to China's President Xi Jinping. The world renowned Lowy Institute poll provided important insights into Australians views on issues such as climate change, foreign interference in our politics, trust in leaders and relations with our neighbours. The Institute's digital renaissance also continues. Last year I told you about the Lowy Institute Asia Power Index the most comprehensive effort ever undertaken to measure power in Asia. And since then we've taken the power index to four Asian capitals and to the World Economic Forum in Davos. In May we launched the second edition of the Asia Power Index at the Lee Kuan Yew School in Singapore. Only two weeks ago the Institute published the second edition of our Pacific aid map. This remarkable digital product provides unprecedented transparency in relation to aid flows in the Pacific. We have hosted Prime Ministers, Foreign Ministers and Scholars in Sydney, Melbourne and Canberra. And our experts have hit the road to participate in debates all over the world at the White House, the State Department and the Pentagon in Washington D.C. at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York on platforms in Beijing and London at IndoPaycom in Honolulu in front of sovereign wealth funds in the Gulf and at the Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore. We've launched a new podcast called Rules-Based Audio and our wonderful online daily magazine The Interpreter continues to host the liveliest Australian debates about the world. And our work goes on. Next week we welcome the 2019 Rothschild Distinguished International Fellow the prominent American diplomat Ambassador Nick Burns and I'm pleased to announce tonight that next year's Rothschild Fellow will be Mervyn King, the former Governor of the Bank of England. And in a fortnight up the road at New South Wales Parliament House we will host our annual Lowy Institute media award dinner at which we recognise the best Australian media coverage of the world. This year's media lecture will be delivered by ABC Chair Ida Buttrose. Finally, ladies and gentlemen, in recent months the Institute has returned to our spiritual home at 31 Bly Street. And I would like to acknowledge the generosity of the Lowy family in completely renovating that magnificent sandstone building. This is an extraordinary gift to the Institute but also to Sydney and to Australia. If you haven't been to 31 Bly Street yet please come and pay us a visit. I'd also like to take this opportunity to thank our corporate and government members and supporters who are listed in the program for the invaluable support they provide to the Institute. And let me particularly thank the four sponsors of tonight's dinner Capital Group, Coca-Cola Amital, National Australia Bank and Centre Group. The Lowy lecture is a huge effort for us and we couldn't pull it off without the support of these outstanding companies. Finally, to all those who follow the work of the Institute thank you for reading, sharing and commenting on our research and attending our events and for participating in the Australian debate on the world. Ladies and gentlemen, to introduce the 2019 Lowy lecturer I'd now like to invite our founder and chairman Sir Frank Lowy AC to the podium. In this hall and indeed in this country, Frank needs no introduction. He's the former chairman of Westfield and Centre Group, a past chairman of the Football Federation of Australia and a former Lowy lecturer himself. His most important qualification to me of course is that he is the founding chairman of the Lowy Institute. Everything we have achieved at Bly Street has flowed from Frank and the Lowy family. Ladies and gentlemen, Sir Frank Lowy. Good evening ladies and gentlemen. When we've decided to establish the Lowy Institute nearly 20 years ago we did this in order to bring Australia to the world and the world to Australia. And I'm proud to be a previous speaker making the Lowy lecture last year. I'm delighted that tonight Prime Minister Scott Morrison has agreed to deliver the Lowy lecture for 2019. Scott Morrison is the 30th Prime Minister of Australia. Previously he was Minister for Immigration and then the Treasurer. And of course in May he won the unwinnable election. Perhaps the re-election of the Morrison government signals the end to the revolving door in the lodge. Well I certainly hope so. Australia needs stability. As a country we need a good government and stable government. Australia needs to succeed and be stable. Last year I was honoured to give the 2018 Lowy lecture in this beautiful town hall. In my remarks I argued in favour of immigration, innovation and building infrastructure to make Australia successful and bold. I think you should move this up a bit. I didn't exactly say what was up there, that was the problem. I knew that from time to time. Now I look forward to listening to this year's Lowy lecture. Please join me in welcoming the Prime Minister Scott Morrison to the stage. Well thank you very much Sir Frank and everyone who is here this evening. I can assure you that I'm totally signed up to the Sir Frank Stability Club when it comes to the revolving door in the lodge. Can I begin though by acknowledging the Gadigal people? Can I acknowledge elders past and present and indeed emerging? Can I also take the opportunity to acknowledge any serving men and women in the Australian Defence Force that are here this evening as well as any veterans who are here tonight and simply say on behalf of a very grateful nation. Thank you for your service. Dear Excellency the Honourable Margaret Beasley, the Governor of New South Wales and Mr Wilson of course to our 25th Prime Minister the great John Howard. It's wonderful to have you here John. Sir Frank Lowy, Chairman of the Lowy Institute and Michael Fully Love the Executive Director. To colleagues in particular, Matisse Corman, the Leader of the Government and the Senate, the Minister of Finance who I note is the longest this week became the longest serving Finance Minister in the Commonwealth's history. Congratulations Matisse. He's a very modest fellow and he will pay me back for that. I have no doubt. To all of those who have gathered here this evening it is a great honour to be giving this lecture this evening which bears the name of a great Australian, Sir Frank Lowy. When we see and hear this name we're reminded of what is possible in Australia. Sir Frank you had nothing yet you built an Australian Empire that reached far beyond our shores. Above all your name and your life reminds us that our most valuable inheritance is always found within in our character and we should acknowledge on a night like this that your character owes so much to that of your own father who we discussed at our table tonight. A man who suffered to death at Birkenau because he would not be parted from his tullet, his presure and his teffelin, the leather boxes with verses from the Torah. What character? What faith? And because of that faith and that example his son has become a great blessing to our nation. While your childhood Sir Frank was darkened by the Holocaust your eyes have always remained defiantly bright with hope for the future. And in your speech here last year you said this, the list of our blessings is long and that you believe Australia has never been in a better position to influence international events and to benefit from them. I pay tribute to the great Sir Frank Lowy. Now as a politician my instincts and passions I've got to tell you are domestic in nature despite though what has been reported of my activity on planes over the last year. But I am not one who naturally seeks out summits and international platforms but as Prime Minister you must always be directed by the demands of the national interest as has been the case for Prime Minister's past so much of Australia's future right now is being shaped by events and relationships well beyond our borders. Australia cannot be indifferent as a bystander to these events that impact our livelihoods, our safety and our sovereignty. We must as we have done previously cultivate, marshal and bring our influence to bear to protect and promote Australia's national interests. So tonight I'd like to talk about the new and challenging world that Australia faces and how my government is responding to these challenges. We are living in a world in transition the former US Treasury Secretary Hank Paulson has described this as an unusually delicate moment in time. I think he's right. A new economic and political order is taking shape about us. We have entered a new area of strategic competition amongst very great powers and not a natural result I must say of the shifting power dynamics that we've been observing in our modern, more multi-polar world and the globalised economy. There is much inevitable about all of this. It's a time of technological disruption some of which is welcomed, some resented, some feared. A time when global supply chains have become more integrated to an unprecedented degree and more of our economies are dependent on each other through global trade than at any other time including the major powers economically of the United States, China, Japan and of Europe of course is a block. There is both the promise and the threat of automation and artificial intelligence. There are fears overstated at least in my opinion of technological bifurcation a sort of economic iron curtain apparently coming down. It's also an era of continuing security threats. These haven't gone away.  An era where pragmatic international engagement based on the cooperation of sovereign nation-states is I believe being challenged by a new variant of globalism that seeks to elevate global institutions above the authority of nation-states to direct their national policies. A polarization within and between our societies an area in which elite opinion and attitudes have become disconnected, unmoored from the mainstream of their societies and a sense of resentment and disappointment emerging which we can see in the polities particularly of western democracies. An era of insiders and outsiders threatening social cohesion provoking discontent and distrust. Now whether directly or indirectly these changes impact Australians' lives. It's not theory, it's real. Our jobs, what we earn, our living standards and the essential services we rely on that all depend on a strong budget and a strong economy. On our environment, our oceans, our coasts, our grazing and pasture lands currently so devastated by drought. Our water resources, our soils all depending on upon our practical conservation. On our safety, that depends on our national security afforded by our alliances, our defences, our diplomatic and intelligence capabilities, our adherence to the rule of law and most importantly our ability to enforce that law. G'day to Mick Fuller who's here tonight New South Wales Police Commissioner, good shy man. On our freedom, that depends on our dedication to national sovereignty. The resilience of our institutions and our protection from foreign interference. It's quite a list. But you know dealing with uncertainty is not new. You think it was the way you read about it. This is not the first time our children have grown up in a time of global tension and disruption. This is a context and perspective I fear is too often missing in our contemporary discussion of global issues and threats. My generation grew up under the threat of nuclear Armageddon hoping as Sting put it that the Russians loved their children too. My parents' generation grew up during the greatest global conflict in world history including the Holocaust. The invasion of what was then Australian soil in New Guinea, the bombing of Darwin and Japanese sub in Sydney Harbour sinking ferries. My grandparents grew up during the war to end all wars where every neighbourhood knew the costs as 60,000 Australians were killed in action and missing out of a population of not even 5 million at the time and who then went on to endure the Great Depression before backing up to fight to defend our freedom most particularly in my grandfather's case in the Middle East and the Pacific. Now those generations recognised these as existential challenges of their time and they were but they responded with a practical resilience an optimism, a resolve rather than the anxiety inducing moral panic and a sense of crisis that we sometimes frankly see too often in some circles today. At every stage we should have confidence because we have played in Australia our part as a force for good and we have prevailed in partnership with those who shared our outlook and our values. The key to our progress was individual like-minded sovereign nations acting together with enlightened self-interest the Marshall Plan the rebuilding of Japan the Colombo Plan a cooperative and respectful internationalism on occasion these efforts were forged through international institutions established to serve the states that form them on other occasions the work was done by looser coalitions of partners but in all cases it was the principled action of nation states most often led by the United States binding together the liberal democracies of the western world and in all cases these actions were underpinned by the common values that anchor these societies as I recently reminded the United Nations General Assembly these shared values filled the vacuum to win the great peace to provide the stability to achieve the prosperity and extend the liberty essential for this human spirit to thrive now we can never be complacent or take comfort though that the achievements that have been won are permanent they require eternal vigilance as we're reminded every time we walk into an RSL to preserve this legacy in the face of the uncertainties of our modern world we must simply first approach the future with the same optimism, confidence and resolve of previous generations and through our commitment to the values and beliefs that have always guided our way now the approach my government is taking is based on this firstly know who we are and know what we stand for and allow this to drive and guide our constructive engagement in and the expectations of our international cooperation including those global institutions and ensure that our national interests remain always paramount secondly to build a strong open economy here at home connected to global prosperity enabling our capacity to protect and pursue our national interests thirdly know where we live and work to promote stability, prosperity, engagement in our own region, the Indo-Pacific by championing the common interest of sovereignty and independence as the natural antidote to any possible threat of regional hedging and finally maintain our unique relationships with both the United States our most important ally and China our comprehensive strategic partner and keep them in good order by rejecting the binary narrative of their strategic competition and instead valuing and nurturing the un-conflicted benefit that can arise from our close association with both we don't have to choose knowing who we are and what we stand for is as true today as it ever was and we will continue to bring clear objectives and enduring values to our international engagement freedom of thought, expression, spirit, faith our humanity, inalienable human rights freedom of exchange, free and open markets free flow of capital and ideas freedom from oppression, coercion freedom of choice we don't talk about these things enough probably with our kids you know and they are under threat not just from the direct challenge of competing world views that are profit around the place but frankly the complacency of western liberal democratic societies who've forgotten too often that they owe their liberty and prosperity to these values Australia does and must always seek to have a responsible and participative international agency in addressing global issues based on these values but it has to be a positive and practical globalism our interests are not served by isolationism and protectionism but it also does not serve our national interests when international institutions demand conformity rather than independent cooperation on global issues the world works best we believe, I believe when the character and distinctiveness of independent nations is preserved with a framework of mutual respect and this importantly includes respecting the electoral mandates of their constituencies we should avoid any reflex towards a negative globalism that coercively seeks to impose a mandate from an often ill-defined, borderless global community and worse still an unaccountable internationalist bureaucracy globalism in a positive light facilitates, it aligns, it engages rather than directs and forces and centralises as such an approach can only corrode I think support for genuine and sustained joint international action of which we want to be a part you know only a national government especially one accountable through the ballot box the rule of law can define its national interests we can never answer to a higher authority than the people of Australia and under my Prime Minister, Australia's international engagement will be squarely driven by Australia's national interests as it has in the past to paraphrase John Howard the Prime Minister who is here with us this evening as Australians, we will decide our interests and the circumstances in which we seek to pursue them this is a great philosophy of the party which I lead and it's important in our international outlook this will not only include our international efforts to support global peace and stability and promote open markets based on fair and transparent rules but also other global standards that underpin commerce investment and exchange when it comes to setting global standards we've not been as involved as we could be we cannot afford to leave it to others to set the standards that will shape our global economy pursued through these institutions so I'm determined Australia will play a more active role in standard setting and I've tasked the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade as well as our incoming Ambassador of the United Nations with a task with DFAT undertaking a comprehensive audit of global institutions and rulemaking processes where we have the greatest stuck and to get us involved and I want to send a message here tonight that I'll be looking to those in this room and other places to tap on your expertise Australian expertise to assist us in our efforts now ladies and gentlemen the foundation for robust, incredible Australian engagement abroad is of course dependent on a strong economy at home without one you can't protect the living standards of our people without one a strong economy you can't keep our people safe protect and preserve our environment guarantee the essential services of Australian reliance and you can't invest in national defence and global order that's why bringing the budget back into balance and keeping it there is so important a strong budget is a cornerstone of Australian sovereignty in an uncertain world we intend to maintain it we are one of only 10 nations with a triple A credit rating from all key rating agencies at the same time we are pursuing the most ambitious trade strategy in Australia's history 1 in 5 Australian jobs is now dependent on trade that's why I get on planes we have concluded or a negotiating trade deals with 17 out of our top 20 trading partners we are working towards an agreement with the European Union and we stand ready to swiftly secure a trade agreement with the United Kingdom as soon as they are in a position to do so in post-Bredgate the UK I believe will become an important partner and global voice in our shared advocacy for rules based trading systems and the benefits of open and fair trade in the last six years we have secured duty free or preferential access for our exporters to an extra 1.7 billion consumers 70% of Australia's two way trade is now covered by our trade agreements up from just 26% when we were first elected in 2013 today's trade data confirmed once again it's the longest consecutive run in monthly trade balances in 45 years and for the first time since 1975 our current account is actually in surplus we're working to revitalise and modernise the global trading system to ensure it matches the speed of change in e-commerce and embraces opportunities of the digital economy at home we were lowering taxes removing the burden of over regulation embarking on an overdue structural reform of our vocational training sector an important reform to ensure we are meeting the dynamic skill needs of our growing economy and we're building the transport energy and water infrastructure our economy needs to grow transport infrastructure alone over 100 billion with almost 10 billion this year this is all part of the comprehensive national economic plan we're implementing to keep our economy strong now thirdly ladies and gentlemen of course our approach to the world is shaped by where we live we are an Indo-Pacific nation we are playing our part to build a secure prosperous and inclusive Indo-Pacific of independent sovereign and resilient states we have started with our Pacific stepper Australia's national security and that of our Pacific family our Vavali, our Fauna are intertwined this is a practical partnership supporting economic stability and prosperity and strengthening resilience and security our relationships with other nations in our region are flourishing we have just concluded a landmark partnership agreement with Indonesia and the implementing legislation will be in parliament when we return and I look forward to attending the inauguration of the re-elected President Wadodo later this month in August we further strengthened our relationship with Vietnam a nation of real consequence in our region last year we elevated our relationship with Vietnam to a strategic partnership and that reflects our shared strategic interests and determination to expand our cooperation even further ASEAN is at the core of our conception of the Indo-Pacific next month we, our Asian partners and other nations in the region hope to conclude the regional comprehensive economic partnership which will embrace 16 economies with a combined population of 3.5 billion people and a combined GDP of 25.7 billion dollars US the special importance of this agreement is that it will draw India more substantially into the Indo-Pacific economic community India is a great success story of our region a land of durable institutions and shared values with Australia it makes them a natural partner for Australia so I have been very honoured to accept the invitation of my friend Prime Minister Modi to visit India in January including to deliver the inaugural address at the Rossina dialogue this visit will be accompanied by a business delegation that I have invited Ashok Jaipur who is here with us tonight who has chair of the Australia India Council Board to lead that delegation this will bring government and business together to pursue our India economic strategy that has captured the intention of our Indian partners and we must now realise it my visit will be another step in the top tier of Australia's partnerships last week we took another step when foreign ministers of the Quad countries the United States, Australia, India and Japan met in New York together this was the first time the Quad has met at a foreign minister level our government has worked patiently to restore trust and confidence following the Rudd government's decision to disconnect from the Quad now I am pleased we have been able to restore this important forum for Australia and the region the key forum for exchanging views on challenges facing the region including taking forward practical cooperation on maritime, terrorism and cyber issues it also complements the role of ASEAN and ASEAN-led architecture in the region and this has been achieved with Australia's steadfast friendship and support from Japan which is broader and deeper than ever Japan is our special strategic partner our second largest trading partner and ally of the United States Prime Minister Abe is not only a great friend of Australia but also one of the region's elder and most eminent statesmen and that's why I'm also pleased to accept Prime Minister Abe's invitation to meet with him in early next year in Tokyo and I also intend to put more effort into our relationship with the Republic of Korea building on our significant trade energy and infrastructure ties which we have again met recently with President Moon and we have agreed that our relationship has significant further potential including in hydrogen, critical minerals and security and of course we would simply add that in the Indo-Pacific it would be even far stronger if we're able to support Japan and Korea overcoming their current tensions Ladies and gentlemen I can report from my most recent visit to the US that the state of our relationship with our biggest and most significant ally is strong our alliance with the United States is our past it's our present and it is our future it is the bedrock of Australia's security and it's one that we contribute to as we undertake the greatest peacetime recapitalisation of our defence force ever depending on defence to 2% of our GDP we carry our own weight in this relationship and that is respected in the United States at the highest level deep US engagement in the Indo-Pacific is essential for maintaining stability and prosperity for Australia but even during an era of great power competition Australia does not have to choose as I said earlier between the United States and China China is our comprehensive strategic partner the strategic importance of our relationship is obvious and clear China is a global power making significant investments and military capability as a result of its extraordinary economic success it is the major buyer of our resources globally it has a profound effect on the regional balance of power it's now the world's second largest economy accounting for 16% of world GDP in 2018 the world's largest goods exporter since 2009 and the world's largest trading nation since 2013 it's the world's largest manufacturer it's the world's largest banking sector it's the world's second largest stock market and the world's third largest bond market not bad for a developing country and the world's largest holder of foreign reserves we have benefited massively from economic rise in China that's why we celebrate it China has benefited from Australia's reliable supply of high quality energy resources, agricultural goods and increasingly services it's a two way street we both benefit it's why we've got a comprehensive strategic partnership China has in many ways changed the world in my lifetime so we would expect the terms of its engagement with the world to change also it's a natural consequence that's why when we look at negotiating rules the future of the global economy for example we would expect China's obligation simply to reflect its greater power states it's a compliment it's not a criticism and that is what I mean when describing China as a newly developed economy the rules and institutions that support global cooperation must reflect the modern world it can't be set and forget we're in very patient and in conclusion let me simply say that we will continue to stand up for Australia we will continue to defend Australia's reputation at home and overseas we will defend our interests we will defend the jobs of Australians, their living standards the environment they live in the cohesive and tolerant society that we celebrate the most successful immigration nation and multicultural society our kids opportunities for the future we will strive to protect what I call the promise of Australia to every Australian a promise that was made to a young Frank Lowey to enable him to become everything that he could be that promise is now being kept to millions more Australians who have come to this wonderful country to make a contribution and not take one to protect our laws our unique lifestyle and freedoms and make Australia stronger and who along with all Australians continue to make our nation the envy of the world so to conclude how good is Australia Sir Frank and may it ever be so thank you for your attention thank you well thank you Prime Minister for delivering a very substantive lecture one that will be read closely and in foreign capitals in coming weeks this is I think the fifth time you've spoken to the institute you spoke to us twice as shadow immigration minister as immigration minister as treasurer and now as Prime Minister it's quite an upward trajectory I think the timing this time has been particularly clever on our part and let me go to the United States if I can you're just back from a success we're going to do this on the phone it's not too soon some congressman think it is too soon but PM you're back from a successful US visit you had the first state dinner with the president since Mr Howard and George W. Bush you're one of very few democratic leaders who has struck up a really warm relationship with the president what's your secret? know who you are, know what you're about and take everybody you know at their word I mean you don't know not naive about these things but people are people it doesn't matter whether they're presidents or kings or queens or whatever role they happen to be in these engagements I said this recently when we had all of our heads of mission in Canberra and I reminded them that while it's terribly fascinating right the luminous cables dissecting the great strategic shifts of our time their fundamental job was there in the people business and their job is to connect with other people in the governments they're trying to connect with in the countries where they're serving us and my job's not much different to that we get tremendous support from the institutions and I know there are many of our senior leaders in our public service here tonight for the great job they do but it is about making those connections and being as upfront as you can be not giving people surprises and listening carefully and how do you find President Trump as an interlocutor what's he like to negotiate with what's he like to talk to? he's pretty straight up I mean Frank and I were chatting before when I first met Frank I was in the property industry so I suppose that gave me a good insight and people I find can often be quite transparent and you know the job's made a lot easier because you know it was personally very kind for Jenny and I and I thought Jenny did an amazing job to have that person invitation to go and share that evening but you know it wasn't about us it wasn't about him and Melania did an amazing job the attention to detail that she put into that night expressed a lot about the respect they had but it was about the respect for Australia and I'm sure John felt the same way when he was at a similar occasion many years ago the respect between Australia and the United States is deep it's forged in the most extreme of circumstances investors in New York on the Friday some of the biggest investors in Australia their constant message was Australia we trust you it's stable it's safe we share values it's predictable we are the safe port in the storm and in a global economy that looks like the one we're currently in I'm happy we're us this week we learned that the president called you about the president's role in the 2016 election and potentially the Mueller investigation and you said yesterday that of course we said we'd grant the request and you'd do that to an ally that makes sense but can I ask you isn't it inconceivable the idea that someone like Mr Downer a former conservative foreign minister would be in cahoots with the deep state in various allied countries to intervene in the US election isn't it a ridiculous proposition well in your introduction Alexander's always been a big lefty as we know him and Nick mention big lefties the woke pair I think I think not but putting that to one side look the fundamentals of this are pretty straightforward it wouldn't matter which president or which attorney general for an Australian prime minister conducting an official investigation into whatever matter it would be extraordinary of any prime minister in those circumstances to deny what was a very straightforward request and frankly one that had already been communicated by our ambassador that we were happy to cooperate with because A, we're not a party to the investigation B, we're not the subject of the investigation and C, we haven't got any issues so if this assists that issue to come to some sort of close which is a matter for US domestic politics we'll fine our simple granting of a very reasonable request to our most deeply entrusted and respected ally is I think a fairly unremarkable of it let me ask you about China if I can China is now a huge media story in Australia every day there are front page stories about China whether it's Hong Kong or Xinjiang or political donations or cyber hacks or foreign investment or the detention of Australian citizens or the trade war it's just relentless so can I ask you how does a democracy like Australia how do we manage a relationship with a nation like China that is so different from us that is run by a Leninist political party in our national interest full stop that's how you do it and you need to know what they are and how they're impacted I think one of the ways we are I contend successfully managing this relationship is just being incredibly consistent we know where our lines are we know where our benefits are we know where they're shared we know where we disagree we are careful in the way we engage in what we say and what we do we don't concede we don't step back and you know in any relationship stability is incredibly important we're not a variable in this relationship and we're not a variable because our government has a very clear understanding of what our national interest is and who we are and what we hope to achieve and the stability we seek to foster in the region stable region everybody wins I don't think a prime minister has been to China since what about 2016 it's been a while I was last there as treasurer in 2017 do you hope you'll be going to Beijing soon? well I'd be happy to go but you know I'm not waiting by the phone and nor should Australia be if they would like to invite us to come to China we'd be happy to go and I'm pleased by you know in the last month we've had two meetings between our foreign ministers our trade ministers have been me I spoke to the ambassador just the other day so I think we should be careful about over interpreting some of those events and you know we'll continue to engage in the way we have and we're happy to go if that doesn't transpire then it's not troubling me you mentioned in your speech that China had changed the world in many ways in your lifetime and we saw that even in the last week we saw these two incredible demonstrations of Chinese power you saw the ICBMs rolling through Tiananmen Square and you saw Hong Kong demonstrations being put down by authorities I mean when you look at that aren't there worrying overtones from those two Chinese power? Well they're not hard to miss and you need to be very wide eyed in understanding all the points that you've just made and particularly the situation in Hong Kong has been troubling for some time and that's why we have been counselling a restraint broadly very broadly you could say that has occurred but not always and we would hope that constraint and restraint I should say restraint would prevail but the fact that China has become such a strong economic and military power I'm constantly surprised at the surprise about this I mean what was the point everybody said we should and this happened a generation ago and more let's engage with China let's bring them into the global community in the Exile what did we think we were doing that for them to stay exactly where they were that their economic development would not lead to some of these other things and change the bow balance in our region I mean whoever wrote that paper that said it wasn't going to end up like that I hope it's not still working for the Australian Government they didn't work for the Lowe Institute I mean this is what I find surprising this is the inevitable result of the path that we deliberately got on and so I think it's important in responding to it is not to get too emotional or outraged that this has occurred but simply to practically understand it as a natural consequence of where the world and the global economy has got to see when you look at it like that and go well okay so the trade rules have to be adjusted to respect that and the balance and cooperation of nations that sit within the Pacific well that will change a bit but if you look at this as some great ideological struggle between two world views well that can take you to a very dangerous end and I don't subscribe to that analysis I don't think it's in Australia's interest finally let me bring you closer to home let me ask you about the Pacific it's been quite unusual actually for a Prime Minister in making the Pacific your signature foreign policy sort of region early on I think for example today you announced you'd be going back to Fiji next week which I think is a third or fourth time in a year that an Australian PM has stopped in Fiji why do you feel so strongly about the Pacific well there are many reasons and personally I have a deep connection with the Pacific and so from I was a very young boy but that's really not the point the point is that our Pacific family and their success their independence, their sovereignty their resilience is important to Australia because it creates a stable arc around our our domain the Pacific is not our domain, it's their domain but our domain, our waters, our territories and this is the same reason why I think one of Australia's greatest achievements was the Ramsey initiative which the former Prime Minister Howard should be absolutely proud of and you know that when I was in the Solomons recently and I was standing at the parade ground of the Royal Constabulary this is a Royal Constabulary that Australians trained, built and at the very moment when their nation was facing its greatest test since the the events that led to Ramsey an election held an uprising and a revolt that sought to overturn an elected government the one thing standing between democracy and stability prevailing in the Solomon Islands and those rioting on the streets was the Royal Constabulary that was trained by Australians and they stood up, they're national heroes and they should be very proud and everyone who served whether in a police uniform a de-fat uniform a military uniform, whatever they did they should feel very proud of that precise moment because history often comes down to those moments and that was 16 years in the making an arc of stability of resilience of independence, of sovereignty in the Pacific is very important to Australia what happens many, many years ago when the Pacific falls and when the Pacific is the target of aggressors it's very important that we maintain those bonds and the stronger they are the better Australia is and the greater our national interests are served the underlying part to it though frankly is we are family that relationship goes beyond I think any other it is a deep family relationship and that's how also it's seen families also argue and there was a lot of noise there were a few family arguments at the Pacific Islands Forum in Tuvalu and criticism of Australia is there any sense that our climate policies are a drag on our influence in the Pacific one of the things I was pleased about at the Pacific Islands Forum was it was a long night but it also gave me the opportunity with all the other leaders to take through what we'd actually been doing which they were not aware of and the Prime Minister Samoa in particular said could you actually put that down on one sheet of paper for me I've never heard that before they have responded to many things that they understood to have been what Australia's position was and actions was but was surprised to learn of the detailed information I was able to provide to them but that said I understand the deep passion and feelings that they have on that particular issue and that's why I was at pains to stress to them how seriously we take it and what we do whether that will ever completely satisfy some I think is an open question but is it impacting I think fundamentally the nature of the deep relationship we have as a family no I don't I think Frank and I have an excellent relationship he wasn't terribly happy with me that morning he was texting me from the plane the second he got off back and served her quite friendly that's the nature there's give and take there's respect I respect the fact that he feels as strongly as he does I'm certainly not offended by it because I know he's speaking it to me from a deep place of conviction and how can I do anything other than respect him for that you've travelled quite a lot as Prime Minister you've visited a lot of countries what has been the most memorable moment on the international stage that you've had as PM would there be one moment that sticks out and it happened in Australia standing in the silence beside the Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe as we later reefed in Darwin it was intergenerational it was beyond current events it was a moment of it's a very emotional thing it was a moment of generational healing an act of grace from a great leader for which I will be forever grateful to him for well thank you PM thank you for taking our questions thank you for showing for telling us a little bit about what it's like to be the Prime Minister I want to wish you luck on behalf of everyone here as you represent our country I will come back in a little while to introduce Penny Wensley to move a formal vote of thanks but before I do so can I please ask you to join me in thanking the PM for giving such an important speech and for taking my questions thank you ladies and gentlemen to move the formal vote of thanks to the Prime Minister I'm pleased to call upon one of the Lowy Institute's the Honourable Penny Wensley AC Penny had a long and distinguished career in the Diplomatic Service serving as Australia's Consul General in Hong Kong Ambassador to the United Nations Ambassador to France and High Commissioner to India she also served as Governor of Queensland from 2018 to 2014 ladies and gentlemen please welcome Penny Wensley Your Excellency the Honourable Margaret Beasley Ambassador of New South Wales Prime Minister Your Excellencies members of the Diplomatic and Consular Corps distinguished guests ladies and gentlemen it's my privilege as a member of the Board of the Lowy Institute to propose the formal vote of thanks this evening to the Prime Minister for delivering the Lowy Lecture for 2019 and for sharing with us aspects of your views Prime Minister and those of the Government you lead on the management of Australia's international relations and on the conduct of foreign and trade policy it's an additional privilege and a personal pleasure to be able to propose this vote of thanks in the presence of the founder of the Lowy Institute Chairman Sir Frank Lowy and of former Prime Minister John Howard whose memorable landmark address in 2005 on Australia in the World launched this annual lecture series at that time John Howard had been Prime Minister for nine years on considerable experience on the international stage and of dealing with regional and global challenges to shape his thinking and produce the thoughts and the vision that he laid out to that first Lowy Lecture audience in your own case Prime Minister just 13 months leading the Government not yet five months before the federal election and with big domestic preoccupations and challenges to address and you've already reminded us that that's the core focus for you including the floods and the fires and droughts that have been ravaging so many parts of Australia I actually thought when we discussed on the board whether we could extend an invitation we thought that you might say well no I'm pretty busy and this one can wait I also thought maybe your advisers might say to you well maybe next year but the thing is you didn't say that you took it on and you have delivered handsomely for us this evening presenting a clear strong message about the way in which you and your Government intend to pursue the conduct of Australia's international relations there's been enormous interest and commentary on your most recent overseas travel and just as much about one place that you haven't yet visited but even though you said you really don't relish this aspect you explained to us why you get on planes I actually think it's a pretty impressive record of stepping up to do things on the international stage that you have given us in the 13 months since you became head of our Government in the not yet 5 months since the federal election there have been a few references as we've been going through this evening in your own lecture in the Q&A with Michael but I think it's very important for commentators who are really absorbed about international relations to step back from the focus that they give in surges and in patches on some of the things that you're doing and have a look at how much territory literally and figuratively that you have covered in stepping up to deal with these international issues and challenges since August 2018 by my count 18 international visits to 16 countries 5 summits and you said you don't seek out the summits but they want to hear from you and you were there ASEAN, APEC, G20 twice, G7 5 visits to Asia including very deliberately and symbolically as your first overseas visitors Prime Minister to our nearest neighbour Indonesia and we've heard tonight that you're going back again shortly 6 visits to the Pacific again sending some very strong signals about the importance of the Pacific 1 flying visit to the Middle East to Iraq to Europe and 1 most recently to the UN and in every location Prime Minister you've added a little more definition to the picture and a much clearer sense of the ideas guiding your approach I always find it very instructive to go back and read the maiden speeches of our parliamentarians and tonight listening to you talking about a strong Australia and Australia being a strong nation was very, very reminiscent of your maiden speech delivered on Valentine's Day 2008 when you said I want to share the values and the vision I intend to bring to the House my vision for Australia is for a nation that is strong prosperous and generous strong in our values and our freedoms strong in our family and community life strong in our sense of nationhood there was a consistency in that message tonight that I think will bring to many people you gave us some nuances there are some things that are going to be poured over by the commentators I think there will be particular interest for example in your talking about negative globalism I think there will be particular interest in your expression of determination that Australia will play a more active role in international standard setting and there were a number of other things and I'll leave that to all of you to go back re-read the lecture and identify for yourself where those nuances are but above all what I liked was the strength of the message this was a message about stability pragmatism an assertion and a defence of national interests an overwhelming message about practical partnerships and our approach to the world being shaped by where we live there was another thing that you said Prime Minister in your original maiden speech in the parliament you said I like my history in high definition wide screen full vibrant colour well we certainly got some high definition tonight and I think that screen and our perception is the way in which you intend to pursue the defence and the promotion of Australia's national interests on the world stage and in our region is very, very clear high definition wide screen with just a touch of colour particularly in your Q&A with Michael at the end Prime Minister my sense is that you are the only one in the least from what you said about your visit to the US we couldn't match tonight the 19 gun salute the massed military bands or the singing sergeants that faded you at the White House but we have produced tonight in this historic setting of the Sydney Town Hall an absolute keenly interested to hear what you had to say keenly interested to know how you intend to prosecute the defence and the promotion of Australia's interests in the future you delivered a strong message tonight you maintained a strong tradition of this lowly lecture for that we are most grateful ladies and gentlemen please join me in expressing warm appreciation to the Prime Minister for his presentation of the lowly lecture for 2019 Thank you Penny you captured it very well high definition, wide screen they like their wide screens in the Shire let me add my thanks to the PM, to Penny's thanks thank you Prime Minister for doing us the compliment of giving us a really substantial lecture but also of agreeing to do the Q&A and showing us a little bit of the human emotion with that anecdote about the meeting with Shinzo Abe in Darwin the PM said to me afterwards that he prefers Q&As to lectures they're more fun so quick as a flash I asked him to come back and do an in conversation at the institute so in a year or two we'll see if we can get him back to do that ladies and gentlemen I want to take the opportunity before I finish to thank outstanding colleagues at the Lowy Institute the planning for an event like this takes months and I'm proud that we have pulled off such an exceptional undertaking so soon after moving back into 31 Bly Street everyone at the institute has contributed to tonight's success but in particular let me thank Sarah, Andrea, Jen, Ali, Sophia, Erin, Alastair Lara, Lydia Tara and Steven for putting on such an elegant evening I'm really grateful finally ladies and gentlemen thank you all for joining us tonight we look forward to seeing you at 31 Bly Street soon have a good evening thank you