It's another case for Nick Carter, master detective! Yes, it's another case for that most famous of all man-hunters. The detective whose ability at solving crime is unequaled in the history of detective fiction. Nick Carter, master detective. Presented by the three great Linux home brightness. Linux clear glass, Linux cream polish, and Linux self-polishing wax. Created by ACME, America's great producer of ACME quality paints. Today's curious adventure. Monkey sees murder. Or Nick Carter. And the mystery of the Peruvian red mark. In just a moment, we'll hear how Nick Carter solved the mystery of the Peruvian red mark with the aid of Professor Ben Tool's stuffed monkey. But first, a word about good housekeeping. Millions of women have wisely come to depend upon Kemptone, the miracle wall finish. And other millions are now coming to depend upon the three great Linux home brightness to give their floors, their woodwork, and their furniture the same radiant beauty that Kemptone gives to walls. Linux clear glass varnish, the durable super varnish that dries to an elastic transparent surface which protects all wood and linoleum in your home. Linux cream polish, which cleans as it polishes, leaving no oily film on your furniture. And Linux self-polishing wax, which beautifies your floors with a satiny yet tough, non-skid finish that resists wear, water, and dirt. You'll find the three great Linux home brightness at your hardware, paint, or department store. Your headquarters also for Kemptone, the miracle wall finish. And now for today's mysterious adventure with Nick Carter. As we pick up our story for today, we find Nick packing his bag in preparation for a trip to Boston. Patsy is supervising the job. But do you think you ought to go to Boston with that cold Nick? Well, I'd much rather stay home Patsy, but I feel that Professor Coleman really needs my help. How do you happen to know this Professor Coleman? Well, some years ago, before you came to work with me, a friend of my father's took me in an expedition into the wilds of Peru. Professor Coleman was one of the men in charge. We've been close friends ever since. Where's that letter you got from him? Right here. Thanks. Dear Carter, is there a chance of you getting up this way? I should like to discuss with you a most delicate problem which has suddenly come up. One which is driving me out of my mind. I've tried to write it, but without success. With exams coming up, I can't get away. Please come. I need you desperately, Charlie Coleman. Well, it certainly sounds pretty serious. Yes, can't imagine what he's talking about, but I think enough of him to want to help him possibly can. So I'm going to Boston cold and no cold. Wondering if old John is still with the Professor. Who's old John? Oh, he was sort of a handyman around the university for a long time. Then his memory began to fail him, and after a rather serious accident that cost the chemical lab quite a bit of money, had let him go. Professor Coleman took pity on him and gave him a job as his housekeeper. Old John idolizes the Professor. When do you get there, Nick? Oh, I should be there about dinner time this afternoon, I expect. Certainly be glad to see the old boy again.  The door is open, not even a last. That's odd. Anyone home? Are you here, Professor? That is what we're going to wait for. Professor? What on earth? Not long ago. John! John! Well, obviously it's the case with the police. Police headquarters, please. Police headquarters, yes, sir. Who's there? Oh, it's you, John. Yes, sir. Oh, how are you, Mr. Carter? Police headquarters, Sergeant Donnelly speaking. This is Nick Carter, Sergeant. I want to report that Professor Coleman of 4873 Beacon Street has been murdered. I just found the body. Don't leave the house. I'll have someone up there right away. I'll wait. Goodbye. Did I hear you saying on the phone that he was dead? Yes. Where have you been, John? Well, I've been out. Yes, I know, but where? Well, he said for me to go over to Loch Ness Hall to elect you. He ain't really dead, is he?  He told you to go out. Why? Well, I don't know. Maybe he was expecting company. He told me to go. Who was he expecting, John? I don't know. Maybe the man who was here twice already asked conformed. The man who looked kind of like the professor himself. I see.  Oh, no, sir. No, indeed. Well, what about this man who looks like him, who came here twice, you say? Oh, he just came. The professor was out each time, so he went away. Did he leave his name? No, sir, he didn't. He just looked sad and went away. You told Professor Coleman about this man, didn't you? Yes, sir. What did he say when you told him? Well, he seemed sort of troubled, sir. He kept asking me what the man looked like and what he said and what he did and all like that. Do you think the professor was afraid? Well, I don't know. Maybe a little. Oh, I'll go let him in with Carter. I'm Captain Jeffery, police department. Is the man who phoned us? Yes, I'm Nick Carter, an old friend of the professor's. He's... His body is in the living room there. Okay, thanks. We'll look the place over. Then I'd like you to tell us what you can about. Wait here with us. And you say you've known Coleman for years. Yes, ever since we went on that Peruvian expedition together. I only stayed there a few months, but Benjamin Tull, the head of the expedition and most of the others stayed on until their work was finished. Well, Mr. Carter, if there's nothing else you can tell us, we'll be getting back to headquarters. You're going to be in the city for a while? Yes, at least until this is cleared up. Where'll you be? I imagine Ben Tull will want me to stay with him when he knows I'm in town. He generally does. I see. You can get me there if you want me. Well, this is a surprise. When did you get into town? This afternoon. Well, well, I'll call Peterson and Charlie Coleman right away. We must have a real old-time reunion. I've just come from Professor Coleman's, Ben. He's dead. Dead? Oh, surely you're not serious? I'm afraid I am, Ben. He was murdered late this afternoon. Murdered? It seemed possible. Didn't to me either. You see here, we better call Peterson and tell him he should know at once. I suppose I ask him to come over right away. But you don't realize, Nick, how he and Coleman have drifted apart in the last couple of years. He's still hot-headed as ever, I'm afraid. Oh? Why, what was the trouble between him and Coleman? Coleman thought Peterson drank too much. Peterson was in his department, you know. Peterson thought it was none of Coleman's business what he did outside of ours once they actually came to blows very briefly. I see. I suppose Pete will take over Professor Coleman's job now. He was in line for it, wasn't he? Yes, with a nice salary increase, too. Well, I'll give him a ring when he gets here. You can tell us both all the details. And that's all I can tell you. I don't suppose, Peterson, that you have any more idea than Ben does what the problem was that Coleman wanted to discuss with me. Not the slightest gutter. You know, we're scarcely on as intimate terms as that. Of course, I'm sorry that he's dead, but I don't expect to go into mourning for him. We're all sorry he's dead. He was a good man and a good scientist. I've got to be running along. I have work to do. It's nice to have seen you caught him. Now, wait a minute, Peterson. Let's drink a toast to Coleman's memory before you go. No, thanks. I've stopped drinking. Since when? Stuff was beginning to get me. I was beginning to do things without knowing it. You changed, Peterson. Things like that didn't use to worry you. Yes, yes, I know. Yes, I'm getting older. Well, good night. I'll see you again if you stay around a few days, Nick. I'll let you out if you want to. Never mind, Ben. I know my way around here. Good night. I'll stay here with me, of course, Nick. We're glad to, Ben. I'd rather hope you'd ask me. Before we turn in, I'd like to show you the work I've been doing. My work on the expedition, you know. Oh, yes. How's it coming along? Nearly finished at last. It's been a terrific job to correlate all that material that we gathered in that year in Peru. It's not the money I'm after, you know. It's recognition. Recognition for all those months and years of hard work and perseverance. I'm getting old, you know, and I may not have... Where's it been? Look here. All of them are my manuscripts. These red marks. Oh, what do they mean? You know what this is, don't you? The mark that's scrolled all over these papers. Why, it looks like a big red letter, F. Is it? After you left the expedition and went back to New York, we found one of our headguides murdered in his tent one morning. And on his face and all over the walls of the tent, written in his blood, was the same symbol. The natives told us it was a message, a warning. A promise of death. But who in the world could have... I don't know. I don't understand it at all. First, Charlie Coleman murdered, and now this. What can it mean? I don't know, Ben. But the best thing to do right now is call the police. Sundotity linked to Charlie Coleman's death, some way. He's now nixed since Charlie was killed and my manuscript was mutilated. Now the police gone to sleep entirely. I talked to Captain Jeffrey yesterday, Ben, but he hadn't learned much. That was of any help. Pardon me, Nick, I'll see who's there. Good afternoon, Professor True. Hello, Captain Jeffrey. Have you got some news? Well, yes and no. Oh, hello, Mr. Carter. Captain. There, you're here. See what you took and make out of this. What is it, Captain? This letter. We found it among Professor Coleman's things yesterday. As you see, it's dated about a week ago and comes from a firm of lawyers in Chicago. Do you care to read it, Mr. Carter? Yes, of course. That's odd. What is it, Nick? Briefly, it says that Professor Coleman's father died a few weeks ago, and the lawyers just found out. His will left his entire estate to his two sons, Charles and Bennett. Well, that fits in with what old John was telling me the other day about the stranger who resembled Coleman. I hadn't heard that. And Professor Coleman's servant told us about it, and we checked up on him. It's pretty certain that a man who looks a lot like the professor has been seen around quite a bit recently. Several persons have seen him. Was he alone hours? Yeah. No one has ever seen him with a professor. Did you read the rest of the letter? Yes. It goes on to say, Ben, that if one brother only survives, he shall have all the money. The letter says the lawyers have had no word about Bennett's whereabouts for over five years. They want to know if the professor could help them. The surviving brother gets the whole estate? That's it. Then maybe the stranger was Bennett. And maybe he killed Charlie so that he'd be the surviving brother. Or perhaps they had an argument over the money and the professor was killed in a quarrel. Did you know about his brother, Ben? Yes. Charlie told me a long time ago, but he swore me to secrecy. But after what's happened, I think I'd better tell you. Charlie's brother, Bennett Coleman, has another name, Vern Call. Vern Call?  Is he Charlie's brother? Yes, and he's bad. All bad. He recently escaped from a Carolina prison after serving three years of a long sentence for armed robbery. Well, that's the answer to the whole thing right there. As this Bennett was a fugitive from justice, he knew he couldn't collect his share of the money without being caught. So he made tracks here to see his brother. They had an argument? That seemed possible. Why? Bennett couldn't have come here for his share of the money because he was seen here in town before Charlie got the letter telling of their father's death. Well, maybe I was wrong about the motive, but I'm right about him being the killer. That delicate situation the professor wrote you about could very well have been because Vern Call was hanging around. And that would have been very delicate for a professor in a college like this. You make it sound very simple, Captain. Well, it is simple, so why complicate it? Our job right now is to find Vern Call. I'll get out an alarm for him immediately. So Professor Coleman has a brother who is an escaped convict. He's been seen near the scene of the crime. That seems to be the obvious answer. But is Nick himself satisfied with the solution or do his suspicions point in another direction? We'll see in just a moment. These are days when your folks are likely to come tracking into the house with wet boots and galoshes. And those tracks can mean a great deal of work for you homemakers. Not only do you have to wipe up the floors, but it's quite likely that moisture may impair the floor finish. So here's the wise thing to do. Protect the floor surfaces in your home with Linux Clear Gloss varnish. It's easy to brush on and it leaves your floors and linoleum with a lustrous finish that keeps its beauty a long, long time. Well, Linux Clear Gloss provides an elastic, transparent finish that really wears. It actually resists damage by hot grease, boiling water, fruit acids, perfume, even alcohol. And it lessens your housework amazingly for it keeps dirt on the surface where you can wipe it away easily with a damp cloth. Depend on Linux Clear Gloss, the super varnish. Thousands of wise homemakers have found it the finest household protective finish in their experience. So ask for it at your dealers. Linux, L-I-N-Dash-X. Linux Clear Gloss varnish. You'll find all three great Linux home brightners and ChemTone, the miracle wall finish at hardware, paint, and department stores everywhere. Now back to our story. As we pick up our story, it's about 10 o'clock in the evening. Nick and Professor Ben Toul are sitting in the professor's study. I think I'll turn in Ben if you don't mind. Nick, do you think Captain Jeffrey was right this afternoon? No, I doubt it. Vern Kohl doesn't explain the marks on your manuscript. I be...  What I thought. The stuffed monkey on my desk. What the juice? Somebody moved the monkey from the top of the bookcase down onto my desk. Put the dunce cap on him and put that card in his hand. That red ink sign on the card. The same as the one that was on your manuscript, isn't it? Yes, Nick. The same sign. It's come again. Is your window locked? No. No, it isn't. That's how we got in. But who, Nick, and why? Ben, this card is fastened to the monkey's paw by a hunk of chewing gum. Chewing gum? Yes. Then I'm going out. I don't yet know why this stuffed monkey was placed on your desk, but I think I know who did it. Quick, you're soaking wet. Peterson was here, just left a few moments ago. I phoned him to come over after you went out. Ben, old John Dyson was murdered tonight. Old John murdered it. Yes, shot. Same as the professor was. I knew it. I could feel it in the air. How did you happen to go there? Chewing gum that fastened that card to the monkey's paw was centered with clove. And old John chews clove-flavored gum all the time. You're soaked through, Nick. You already have a bad cold. Would you like some coffee? Peterson and I had some. There's a little left. It's still quite hot. Yes, I think I would, Ben. I feel pretty down just now. Let me hang my coat up. But, Nick, what's back of all this? Burned cold surely wouldn't have any reason to kill old John, too. I wish I could answer that, Ben. I have a general idea of what's going on, but I can't make it sound sensible. Ah, second cup of coffee was just what I needed. I think if you don't mind, Nick, I'll go to bed. I'm all in. Certainly, Ben, run along. I'll sit here for a while and finish my coffee and try to think things out. My stomach. Something I hate. That poisoned coffee. Oh, I gotta find something. I'll get rid of it. Get my stomach emptied out. Oh, I've got to get rid of it. What are you feeling now, Ben? We nearly died, Nick. Don't I know it? Feel sure that if I'd retired at a reasonable hour, I should have died without ever getting out of bed. But fortunately, when the poison took effect, I was still sitting in the study. I managed to get to the kitchen and find some mustard and eggs and warm water and got cleaned out. Oh, if you hadn't holed me out of bed and treated me, I don't think I could have made it. I couldn't move when you found me. What causes it, you suppose? Must have been that coffee you made, Ben. I didn't make it. Peterson did. Peterson made it? Yes. I poured us each a cup from what was left. Ben, I'm going over to the chemistry lab and analyze that coffee we drank. See if there's anything in it except coffee. You found there was arsenic in the coffee left in your cup, Connor? Unquestionably, Captain. Enough to have killed us both many times over. Ah, and too old. Says Peterson made the coffee. Yes. Say, Peterson was with you on that Peruvian expedition, wasn't he? Oh, yes, he was, but there's no motive, Captain. Oh, by the way, the alarm I sent out for Vern Call or Bennett Coleman, if you prefer, has brought results. He's been in a hospital in Alabama for the past month, the broken back victim of a head and run driver. I was right then. I thought it was funny he and Charlie were never seen together. Then who was the stranger who looks so much like Professor Coleman? Hey, maybe Peterson turtle something about that. He's got a lot to explain before he's in the clear. What's this all about, Carter? Why did you want me to meet you here at Professor Coleman's residence? A hunch, Captain Jeffrey. You see, it's like this. After I left you this morning, I got to thinking. And suddenly things began to fall into place. That was when I called you and asked you to meet me here. I need one more piece of evidence, and I hope we'll find it here. What are you going to do, Carter? I want to go through old John Dyson's things. It may take time, but I feel sure it'll be worth it. Well, if you can find any place in this room that you haven't gone over with a fine tooth comb, I'll eat it. The only place you've missed is that old tobacco jar over there. That's right. And old John didn't smoke. Here, I'll drop it out here at the table. Candy, chewing gum, a few buttons, and a sheet of paper. Well, is that what you want, Connor? I'll say it is. Come on, let's show this letter to Ben Toomey. And see what he thinks of it. Then you can make your arrest. This is Ben's room. Come in. Jeffrey, have you found some? Yes, Ben. We found this. Here. You see, where did you find it? In old John's room. In the tobacco jar. The tobacco jar? I didn't look there, I thought. Even at the murder, I was a failure. Like everything else. Yes, Ben, you've made a mess of your whole life, I'm afraid. You know what I did. Yes, I know everything. Well, I guess it's time for me to take over here. I'm sorry, Professor Toomey, but you're under arrest for the murder of Professor Coleman and old John Dyson. The attempted murder of Nick Carter. I'm sorry, Nick. I've always liked you. But I couldn't stand the thought of being known as a failure in my chosen profession. Yes. Ben, I do. And I'm sorry for you. But murder is never the answer. It can't be. Although most murderers find it out too late. You gave Professor Toomey a letter to read. What did it say? It was a letter from Professor Coleman to me. One he wrote to me, but never sent. But what did it say? It was that he, Professor Coleman, had suddenly learned that the whole affair of the expedition to Peru was a colossal fake. What? Engineered by men who made a small fortune by selling us supplies and running us the Indians we used as guides and porters. It was a gigantic frame-up with fossils and other relics planted for us to find. Gee. It was done by men who knew the subject well enough to fool everyone at the time. And Coleman says it was only very recently that he accidentally discovered it. He investigated further and found that it was true. Ben Toomey was writing his life's work on the basis of a fake lot of evidence. Ben must have known it, of course, but must have decided to go through with it rather than admit the truth. Gosh, what a terrible thing it would be to find that the biggest thing in your life was found. Exactly, Betsy. So terrible that when Ben found Coleman knew he resolved to kill him before he could tell anyone. So he made himself up to look like Coleman and hoped to be taken for his brother. But they were never seen together. That was my first clue. Oh? Then having set the stage that way and knowing that the brother being an escaped convict could not appear to defend himself, he killed Coleman. But Nick, what about that red Indian sign on Professor Toomey's manuscript? They weren't Indian marks at all, Betsy. They were plain, everyday Fs. Fs? Ben never flunked a student except for cheating. And then always put a big red F on the paper. Oh? Well, old John found the letter Coleman wrote to me and didn't send, realized what it was, and kept it to torment Ben with. He hated Ben because Ben was one of those who had old John fired from the college after the accident in the chem lab. He marked the manuscript himself to show he knew Ben was cheating. Oh, he must have hated him to do a thing like that. He did. And putting the dunce cap on the stuffed monkey and putting the card in his paw with the big red F on it was his way of rubbing it in. But he gave himself away with a clothes-scented gum he used. And when I left Ben's house to go see old John, Ben knew where I was going and beat me to it. And, of course, poisoning the coffee was the really fatal mistake. You mean because you didn't die? No. Because he put a lot of poison in my cup and only enough in his own to make him slightly ill. He drank a whole cup and was only barely sick while I drank only a little of mine and nearly died. Oh, I see. So the poison couldn't have been in the coffee. He just put in the cups themselves while I went to put my coat away. And what was that delicate problem that Professor Coleman wanted to put up to you? Oh, Patsy, don't you see that yet? Oh, I'm afraid not. Should I know? Well, I think so. Coleman simply wanted to consult with me as to whether we should tell the truth about Ben and his expedition or let Ben get away with it. He hadn't learned the truth about the expedition. He'd still be alive. And so would old John. And Professor Tool wouldn't be waiting for his execution. Very true, Patsy. Sometimes the things we learn by accident are the most important things in our lives. In just a moment, Nick and Patsy will bring you a preview of next week's exciting case. But first, note this. Pleasant surroundings make you happier, calmer, more contented, don't they? That's why thoughtful homemakers make a point of keeping their homes pleasant, shining bright, and sparkling clean. Thousands of American women have turned to the three great Linux home brightners to help them with this task. For instance, Linux Cream Polish for fine furniture gives your household things a handsome, lustrous look in half the time. That's because Linux Cream Polish cleans as it polishes, saving one whole step in your cleaning day routine. Only one quick application is needed to remove that cloudy accumulation of dust and previous polish.  And it leaves no oily film to attract more dust to make more work. There's no doubt about it. Linux Cream Polish is a really worthwhile shortcut to furniture upkeep. It's the modern way to protect your fine belongings. So make a point of asking your dealer for Linux Cream Polish. Get all three great Linux home brightners. Remember that's Linux, spelled L-I-N-dash-X. You'll find them all. Linux Self Polishing Wax, Linux Cream Polish, and Linux Clear Gloss Varnish at your nearest hardware, paint, or department store. And now let's hear from Nick Carter himself. What's the subject of your story for next week, Nick? It's about a fire, Ken. A fire that started mysteriously in a button factory in the dead of night. But what interested Nick was that a girl was found, bound and gagged and burned to death on the top floor of the factory. Yes, Ken, it was not only first-degree arson, it was first-degree murder. Sounds good. What's the title of the story? I call it Murder by Fire. Well, the mystery of the Midnight Alarm. No more for now. Join us again next week for one of the most exciting stories in a long time. So long. So long, everybody. And so long to you both. We'll be looking forward to seeing you again next week. Next week at this same time, listen to another curious experience of Nick Carter, master detective, entitled Murder by Fire. Or Nick Carter in the mystery of the Midnight Alarm. Nick Carter, master detective, is featured in Street and Smith magazines. Lawn Clark is starred as Nick with Helen Choate as Patsy. Original music is played by Lou White and the programs are written and directed by Jock McGregor. Nick Carter, master detective, is presented each week at this same time over these same stations by the three great Linux home brightness. Linux clear glass varnish, Linux cream polish, and Linux self-polishing wax created by Acme, America's great producer of Acme fine quality paints. This is Ken Powell speaking for the thousands of Linux dealers all over America and saying, so long until next week, this is Mutual.


This section is going to be about exceptions and let's take a look at this here. So we're going to say new console app Keep five design patterns. This is three one and I'm just going to paste this in here So exception safety and you can look that up on like Wikipedia here Basically, there's four types. There's no safety basic strong and a no throw guarantee And we're going to go over each one of these this video focuses on no safety This is where really bad things happen. This is um This is where only the brave dare to fly. Let's put it that way So this is where our program is probably going to crash We're going to create all sorts of issues and we really just don't care We're just hacking out some code trying to get it done as fast as possible. So I'm going to say get int and We're just going to make a couple little functions here and We're going to say Perfect code that never fails I'm going to try and give you an example of what we're talking about As far as something that we would expect would never ever fail on us So We can create a bool We're going to create an int called value equals and we're going to say Let's actually say q string data So I'm going to say data To int Now this is a little bit dangerous here because it could just You know massively fail. What if it's like hello world instead of an actual number? So we're going to say Give it a reference to that bool Now we need to see if it failed Otherwise, we're going to return the value Now I say perfect code that never fails But yes things bad things could happen because we're depending upon other people a.k.a the cute developers To not fail in this conversion function here, but the rest of this looks pretty pretty safe Now this is not necessarily a no throw guarantee, although it's very close to it We're going to Live in the real world and we're going to show An example of really what not to do, but you're going to see tons of it out there So I'm going to say boy I am and let's go ahead and I want to say q text stream And I should probably You know put some includes in here Probably be super helpful at this point And then let's go ahead and go include. Why not? Let's use a q list and Don't really need it, but just because I'm paranoid. All right. So let's go ahead and grab our q text stream And this is going to be a pointer to a stream Instantly working with a pointer We've kind of go. Oh no bad things are going to happen. Nobody loves pointers And we're going to work with a pointer to a list So instantly right off the bat. What's one thing that could go horribly wrong? That's right. There could be Null values or these pointers could be dangling pointers and they're not set which is very very dangerous So what we're going to do is just completely ignore that because why not? Yeah, let's actually let's make this a little more complex than I wanted to enter a number and a name and then just like An example here So now we're going to do some sort of data parsing. We're going to say q string Value equal Read line now. You notice how we're already using this q text stream, but we haven't even determined if it exists So this is super super dangerous So danger danger bad things could happen right there and then q string list items Equal value And we want to just split that Notice how we're using q string list But we don't have it in our includes. So that's another thing that could go horribly wrong. We're just assuming is included Now this will probably spark a whole controversy in the q&a where people are going to say well It is included because of the way qt does this this this and that and it's part of qt core and blah blah blah What if qt changes? I've run into that myself where I thought something was included I switched versions of qt and suddenly magically it's not included anymore Uh, that was a long time ago, but it did happen. So and we're going to say items at Let's go ahead and grab zero We're just going to say two int And we're just going to assume this works And i'm just putting my thoughts in the comments right after, you know, what each line what could possibly go wrong here Some of these things there's just way too much to name, but and we're going to do not append At there we go. We're assuming This exists it may not exist there may not be an item at one So What if they only entered one thing, you know, and they didn't hit space They just hit like the letter a so then we've got two problems. It's Not a number and there's no second value here Then we're just going to say list dot Insert And we want the id and the name We're assuming we even made it that far And then we're just going to come back and uh again List may not even exist because we're using a pointer. So another bad thing could happen there You info You entered and then We were probably going to have and i'm just going to Rather than type all that out just paste in for my notes here What's going on here? Well, what if we entered a number? So we've gotten all the way down to this point, but we're now seeing list at whatever that number What if we put in 257, but there's only one item in the list? Well, we're going to get an assert failure The index out of range error. So that will be spectacular And then we're going to just say user io and then stream list So we're just going to Call this function over and over again until we die So many horrible things in this little function that could just go completely wrong And it says all past this function will call itself. So now We're getting this systemic issue here. We're saying, uh-oh you are doing this incorrect, sir, and you may die So even the compiler at this point is going. Hey, buddy. Are you sure you want to do this? qtech stream And we're going to just read that this is a memory leak and potential crash Bad things are going to happen there. And let's go ahead and make our q list And let's call this a string. We could have said q string list Now we're just going to call this user io And we're going to say stream and list And of course Last thing on our notes here No matching function call. Uh, what are we doing wrong here? Oh That's why Reference to there we go So we have Something on the stack something on the heap. We're mixing and matching them which normally isn't an issue But we're just assuming they both exist Um, we're saying enter a number and a name. We're just going to read that entire line that could block forever and This may not even exist q string list item split not a big deal there But we're just assuming we got a value in the first place and then we are saying, okay Convert to an int.  Oh It did not You're saying, ah, I know what the problem is. It's that index out of range So let's say I came in and said zero brian Now it magically works one tammy magically works two dog magically works three cat What if I do 54? bob Dies so this is an intrinsic problem We have when writing code is that we just assume things will magically be there to work for us And then we are shocked to find out Something bad happened So when we talk about No safety that's really what we're talking about here is there is no Guarantees or warranties of any kind that this will not completely just obliterate our program


Standard of California, on behalf of independent Chevron gas stations, and standard stations throughout the West, invites you to let George do it. Another adventure of George Valentine. Personal notice, danger is my stock and trade. If it's so far over your head, you can't even reach it with a skyhook. You got a job for me, George Valentine. Write full details.  The name is Joe Logan. We ran across each other a couple of times, but that's not important. Here's the deal. I'm eating somebody at the half moon motel a night. I'm not the sensitive type, but something about this rings phony. So if you read about me in the obituary column tomorrow, I want you to cry murder. Good and loud. And close with a hundred bucks. A hundred bucks for your trouble. I hear my sweet gravel voice over the phone before noon tomorrow. Forget the whole thing and buy yourself a drink. Signed Joe Logan. I'm not buying that angel, it's too pat. Joe Logan knocked off by a hit-and-run driver last night of all nights. Yeah, but don't forget it says here that Mr. Logan had his customary snoop full when he was clipped by that car on a deserted stretch of Whitman Highway. And not too far away from the half moon motel. Better put your ear stoppers in, Bruxy.  Good and loud. Look, Valentine, I don't want to be anti-social, but the only thing I've got eyes for this morning is a report just sent in. Frank Potter, prominent banker and philanthropist was murdered. How about one Joseph Logan? I think he was murdered, too. You think but this I know. Frank Potter was murdered. And he happened to be a close friend of the police commissioner. Oh, yes, sir. And the commissioner doesn't like his fringe being bumped off unless I can produce the miscreant five minutes later. So call me tomorrow. Oh, that's a fine attitude, Lieutenant. The only safe way to get murdered in this town is to be a friend of the commissioners. Now look, Miss Brooks, why don't we talk this over on my day off when I can afford to be a gentleman? Right now I want... Now what? Yes, Riley? Man, okay, I'm on my way out there now. What's that? What's the name of that place?  And you say this Mrs. Cronin identified the man she saw with Potter? Okay, Sergeant. Okay, I'm as good as they're right now. Well, Brooksy, I guess they're too busy for us today. Yeah. We'll be back, Lieutenant, when this storm is over. No, you don't, Valentine. You're not leaving here. Oh, what's the matter with you anyway? Do you know where Frank Potter was murdered? Look, I'm not my usual psychic self this morning. Where? The Half Moon Motel. George! Go on, Lieutenant. Yes, the Half Moon Motel and the dame out there, a Mrs. Cronin, identified your client, Joe Logan, as the man who did the killing. I'm surprised, Mr. Valentine, the police didn't get around to me yet.  Maggie, don't you have any idea what Mr. Logan might have been afraid of last night? I just know that Joe's death was no accident. I didn't even know he wrote that note. Not that it matters to Logan now, but that letter to me puts him right there in the Half Moon Motel with Potter. Why does it? Joe had other clients. Whenever he didn't want to meet somebody here at the office, he'd call up the Half Moon Motel. I know the police would love to pin this on Joe, but I'm not going to let them off. I'll cut it, Maggie. Let me have that. What? Yeah, that page from the appointment period. You're too nervous for any sleight of hand today. Eight o'clock, Frank Potter, Half Moon. Oh, so you knew he was going to meet Mr. Potter, didn't you? All right, I did. But Joe didn't kill anybody. All right, maybe I believe it. But that's not good enough, Maggie. You've got to make sure. Now, what about the deal your boss had with Potter? I don't know anything about it. Oh, you don't, huh? Okay, come on, Bruxy. We're wasting our time. Wait.  It's the truth. I don't know what Potter wanted with Joe. Or perhaps what Joe wanted with Potter? Whichever way it was, but they did have a quarrel right here in the office yesterday morning. That just makes the case stronger against Logan. I couldn't hear what they were fighting about. Finally, Potter slammed out of here in a rage. I see. Just one more point. Let's face it. The medical examiner reported that Joe was a little more than slightly crocked when that car aside swiped him. Joe never drank so much. He didn't know what he was doing. Just the same. How about a list of his favorite bars? It might help if I knew where he was before he went to meet Potter. Joe's favorite bars? How do you want them? From A to Z?  Could have been Johnny's place yesterday at City Hall. Or Chris's on West Laredo Street. Or could have been... Mort's Paddock Bar and Whitman Highway? What's that, Bruxy? Look at this book of matches in the ashtray. Mort's Paddock Bar, where good sports meet. Yes, that's another place Joe used to like to sit and talk to Mort. Whitman Highway. That's on the way to that motel. And Mr. Logan was run down on Whitman Highway. Yeah. See you later, Maggie. Well, Mr. Valentine, should I be fall-flying? Oh, by all means, Mort. If it was anybody else, Mr. Logan, I would have said he was well under the influence when he left my place last night. But seeing it was, Mr. Logan, what would you say? Well, you see, he's one of those good-looking strapping men who will, you know, just get convivial, so to speak. Well, that's a nice way of putting it, Mort. You know something, Miss? Mr. Lohan's going to leave an empty place at my bar. You know, he was a swell talker. I picked up a lot of new words from him. Yes, I guess you'd say Mr. Logan was epigrammatic to repartee. That poor fellow. Yeah, I see what you're trying to say. But tell me, Mort, what time did he leave here last night? No, about eight, I'd say. Before or after eight? Well, couldn't be sure, but he did say he was leaving his car in my parking lot. He got back. Well, didn't he say where he was going? No, Miss, but it must have been there here because he said he was going to walk it. Ironica, listen, just this time when he decides not to use his car, he meets up with a pedestrian's face. Just ironical, Mort, it's more than that. Now, you see right out that window? Down the highway a couple of hundred feet. That's where it all happened, on the right-hand side there. Just by that first telephone pole. Ah, poor fellow. Okay, thanks a lot, Mort. You've been a great help. I'm afraid I didn't have very much to say. What you did, believe me. Well, dropping again, always lying to talk to people. Well, darling, do I ask questions or are you going to let me in on the braiding storm? Take another look down the highway, Brooke. What do you see? A pretty highway. Credit to the state. One lane going east, the other going west. An island of trees in the middle. Ah, huh? Ah, huh? You're self. I see what you mean. Yeah. Joe Logan left the panic bar and started to walk down the highway on the right-hand side, walking toward the half-moon motel. Not away from it. Well, if you're right, George, Logan never even got there to kill Potter. Which should simplify things for us, but doesn't. I've got to hunt you ever kill Potter, ran Logan down. Yeah. Well, what next? Well, I understand there's a Mrs. Potter. Have a talk with the Brooksie, huh? See if she knows what business her husband had with Logan. OK, where'll I meet you? Back at the office. In the meantime, I'm going to scrape up an acquaintance with this Mrs. Cronin, who swears she saw Logan at the half-moon motel.  I got business with Mrs. Cronin. So have I, going boy. I said beat it.  Are you getting out of this doorway or do I have to step over you? Look, you do as I told you. So I step over you. You know how to make an impressive entrance, don't you? I'll think I'm forgetting this, mister. If you do, I'll be glad to refresh your memory. Oh, you shouldn't have done that to Charlie.  Well, from all these racing forms around, you seem to be one of his best customers. I owe him $3,000 just for yesterday. And Charlie's getting a little impatient. You don't have $3,000 on you, have you? Just a few pennies, shall I? Now, Mrs. Cronin.  Well, that depends on your vocabulary. After I called you alive. I liked you the moment you came in.  You didn't see Joe Logan here last night, did you? Strange how it happened. I just looked out the window and there he was in that cavern across the court. How come you knew Logan at all? What did you ever have to do with him? I needed a private detective once. Someone told me about Joe. What kind of a deal was it? Strictly confidential. Had nothing to do with this. The police let it go at that. Why don't you relax? You're still lying, Sheila. Whatever you say, George. No one who could afford to lose $3,000 a day would jungle up in a cheap motel like this. Oh, you're so understanding, dear. But why don't you forget it? It'd be easier if I knew how come you were here so conveniently to identify Logan. That was just an accident. I'm supposed to be with a girlfriend in Seattle. That's what my husband thinks. Oh. I gamble too much. Just like other people do other things too much. Once in a while, I take a room like this and splurge. Bet on anything. Bet all the time. The bigger the odds against me, the better. It's in my blood. It's like a disease. Must be an expensive disease. Oh, poor darling. I talk too much, don't I? I want you to make me forget that I never win. I bet you can do that. What odds do you want? That's very nice, Sheila. But not good enough. What better odds do you want? Oh, thanks. Now that you've cleared the air, we can get back to business. Oh, Georgia, I'm so sorry. Did I hurt you? What time did you tell Lieutenant Riley that you saw Logan? Eight o'clock. How come you're so sure? Well, Charlie just phoned to give me the result of the last dog race in Miami. I haven't noticed the time. You're not still angry with me. You want a bet? You're not leaving. Sorry, Sheila, I expect to be a very busy boy. I'm George. First a phony accident, then a number. A murder. And now you. Yes.  And somehow I think it all ties together. Now all I gotta do is prove it. We'll return to tonight's adventure of George Valentine in just a moment. Meanwhile, a word about a very important matter of motoring. If your car's battery has been acting like a mule, temperamental and bulky, here's an easy way to cure it. Have your battery serviced at a standard station or independent chevron gas station. They'll inspect the water level, cables, terminal clamps and test the battery's condition. And they'll be frank. If it just needs a charge, they'll tell you. If your battery's really on its last legs, they'll explain how a new Atlas battery can save you money. Every Atlas battery has its certified power capacity stamped on the case where you can read it. And you'll find these capacities meet or exceed standards set by the Society of Automotive Engineers. The longer lasting starting power of Atlas batteries, by the way, is backed by a written warranty honored everywhere by 38,000 Atlas dealers. Independent chevron gas stations and standard stations are glad to service your battery, proud to offer you an Atlas battery when you need one. That's why they say, and mean, we'll take better care of your car. And now back to tonight's adventure of George Valentine. A private detective of all people mails you $100 and tells you to cry murder if he's among the missing tomorrow morning. Sure enough, the gentleman, one Joe Logan, is run down by a car during the night.  Come on, Maggie, think. What truck did Logan have with Sheila Cronin? It was just a routine case, Mr. Valentine. It was more than a year ago. Nothing involving that hot tip addict could be routine. She's too far out of this world. Now, let's have the facts. Well? I suppose he did go out with her a couple of times she kept after him. Was it serious enough to make Sheila feel she was the woman scorned? Make her want to frame Logan? Joe could never be serious about any woman. There were too many of them. All right, so it was a case and over. What about the case? The insurance company hired Joe to investigate Mrs. Cronin when some of her jewels were stolen. Everything proved to be on the up and up. Joe was only on the case a couple of days. That doesn't give me much. That hot-eyed blonde is the key to this fancy frame-up. But why? That's what I got to find out. You wanted to know about Mrs. Potter? Yeah. Joe never had her for a client. I even look through all his personal papers. Which also gets us nowhere. Unless Brooksy comes up with something on Mrs. Potter? Mrs. Brooks, can't you see I'm dressing to go out? Oh, I just thought Mrs. Potter, that since your husband had some dealings with Joe Logan, you might know something about him. I told you. I never heard of Joe Logan. Anyway, what right have you to question me like this? I just thought you might be interested if it might help solve Mr. Potter's murder. I'm sure the police are doing all they can about it. Well, you might make it easier for them if you tell them all you know about Logan. It makes you so sure I know this. Whoa. This Joe Logan. He was killed, you know. Well, that's just too bad. But he's not the first man to be knocked down by a hit-and-run driver. Now, get out. Oh, then you did know Joe Logan. What? Well, that's pretty obvious. There are only a few lines in the paper about his hit-and-run accident. Not the sort of thing you'd remember about a stranger. You know, Miss Brooks, I should have obeyed my first impulse and had the butler throw you out. All right. I hired Joe Logan once. Why didn't you tell that to the police when they questioned you? He has no bearing on this case. Does that satisfy you, Miss Brooks? Oh, not quite, but it's a good beginning. Well, I won't keep you any longer. I know you're anxious to get out and celebrate. What did you say? Get out of here. Go on. Get out. Good work, Angel. I don't know what it means, but Mrs. Potter must have a good reason for denying that she knew Logan. Well, it's hard to know what she's thinking. Vivian's a cold dish with a memorized smile. A friend Logan seems to have gone in for females who insist on being characters. Anyway, why can't we find any record of this deal with Mrs. Potter? Maybe it's something you just don't put down on paper, huh? Could be, Brooksy. Well, all we know up till now is that Potter and Logan had a quarrel. Yeah, that's right. Both Sheila and Vivian were Logan's clients at one time or another. I'll make something out of that if you can. Okay, Valentine, you said you want to see me? Well, Charlie, you're a good sport. I didn't think you'd show. That information you asked for over the phone, Valentine, I got it. Well... But how does it get me the three grand Sheila Crone and Osby? Look, Charlie, I'm not guaranteeing anything, but you'll stand a better chance at collecting if you play along with me. Oh, I don't know. Business is business, Charlie. Okay. I don't know why it's so important, but it was nine o'clock when I called Sheila about the last dog race in Miami. Sure it was an eight? Couldn't be. Races ain't over the longest nine. Now we know Sheila was lying. Yeah, but why? And what answers have we got if she just says I made a mistake? Now look, John, about the three grand... Talk to you later, Charlie. Right now I've got to get over to that paddock bar and see what use I can make of Mort Fish's guerrilla. There's what? Don't look shocked, Charlie. That just means love of conversation. Well, it's sure good to see you, Mr. Valentine. You know I was hoping you'd drop in. How are you, Miss? Hi, Mark. Say, look, you like to talk, Mort. I thought if we sort of sat around a while, you might remember something Logan said last night to get help us. Why didn't you tell me this morning that the police think Mr. Logan bumped off this ponder guy? Then, ironically, like mean up with an accident. Oh, you found out, huh? Oh, sure. White's in the evening papers, Miss. And piling irony on irony. Yeah. Look what happens to here right here in my own bar tonight. Did you ever see anything so, well, a fortuitous, you know? You know, look, you know who's sitting down there in the number one booth all by herself? No, who, Mort? White's Porter's young wife. She's driving her sorrows with champagne cocktails, except she doesn't look too unhappy if you ask me. Then you know Mrs. Potter. That's more of the irony, Miss. She used to come in here with Mr. Logan. Oh, hey, now we're getting somewhere. But that's not all. Two minutes after she comes in, that good-looking blonde from the half moon shows up. You know, the one who identified Mr. Logan recognized her from the pictures in the paper. You're on a popular bar here, Mort. Oh, just thanks. But it's mostly, of course, a location. Last bar on the highway for the next five miles. Don't be so modest, Mort. Say, would you mind keeping Miss Brooks entertained? Hey, but wait! I have got something else to tell you. I'll be right back, Mort. Oh, look at you. Now, George, I was just getting lonely. No, thanks. What I've got to say won't take that long. Besides, I've got to make another stop. Do you want a bet I can make it more interesting? Why did you lie about Logan? You never saw him at the half moon motel. He never reached there. I like my story better. The dog race is not over in Florida till nine. So I made a mistake. Why did you lie? Did somebody make you do it?  Let's go somewhere else, George. Or did you frame Logan because he had something on you? Was that jewelry hold up a fake with Logan playing both ends against the middle? What are you talking about?  So you could pay off characters like Charlie the Bookie. You know something? I'm betting you could never prove that. Hey, where are you going? Tell me, Mrs. Prada, what kind of a job did you hire Logan to do for you? I made one slip today with your secretary. That's par for the course.  You stood a lot to gain by his death. Go on, you're doing the talking. If Logan had anything to do with it, you'd want him out of the way, too, wouldn't you? Sorry, Mr. Valentine, but you bore me. Good night. Well, what'd you find out, George? Tell you later, Bookie. Hey, you didn't let me finish before, Mr. Valentine. What's that, Morton? You know, talking about quirks of faith. Last night, about a half hour before he left, I was right here at the bar, you know, with Mr. Logan. So you said. And who should come in from the short quick when helping Mr. Potter? Now, I know it was him from his pictures. Did you hear what they talked about? Oh, they didn't so much as converse. I don't think Mr. Logan even knew the guy. Oh, you must be wrong, Morton. Oh, you can be very right, which is something I want to talk to Riley about. Now, let's see if we can nail him before he leaves the half-moon motel. Why don't we take the car, George? Well, it's just a short walk, Angel. Yeah. Anyway, I have to have time to think. I'll make some sense out of this thing. So it doesn't sound too fantastic with tenant Riley. Hmm. Better keep to the side of the road, darling. Yeah. Brooke, see, when we get to the motel, call Maggie at home. Yes, George? Tell her to meet us at Logan's office. There's just one thing I want to clear up. Then I think we'll have this thing lit. George! Look out that car! Look out that car! This is what gravel tastes like. And that car was trying to run us down the same thing that happened to Logan. Yeah, and almost in the same place. A baby blue convertible, a big one. Say, I noticed that before. I parked on the lot next to the paddock bar. And that's where we're going right now. Tell me something, Morton. Hey, Mr. Valentine. In the short time I was away, did you notice whether Mrs. Potter or Mrs. Cronin left your place? I can't say with any exatitude, Mr. Valentine. Oh. But it seems I do remember both ladies being up and moving around. Of course we're crowding up now. Oh, thank you, George. Lieutenant Riley's going to stop by here and pick up the two, uh, ladies. And I left that message for Maggie that Logan's office and that baby blue convertible of Mrs. Potter's is still in the parking lot. Good, good. Now if we don't find out what really happened, we never will. Okay, Valentine, what's your story? The one we got says, uh, Logan killed Potter. And the commissioner likes that version too. Just a minute, Lieutenant. Oh, Brooksy. Hmm? Call into the outer office and see if Maggie's ready to take all this down. Okay, George. So you think this is a photo finish between me and Mrs. Potter? Is that it, George, dear? Lieutenant Riley, I've answered this man's questions all day. Do I have to go through this now? If you don't mind, Mrs. Potter, yes. You ready, Maggie? Okay. Okay, Riley, here's the way I see it. Joe Logan makes a deal with a woman who always needs money because she bets too much. Cooks up a deal with her to cheat the insurance company. Then blackmails it. But I didn't kill him. Logan also talks to a pretty young matron, much younger than her husband. So you think I'm pretty? Thank you, Mr. Allentine. She wants Logan to help her get rid of her husband without involving her and so she can still get a big chunk of his money. I discussed that with Logan. That's as far as it went. Keep going, Valentine. Well, a wonderful plan is born, Lieutenant. Somebody makes an appointment for Logan to meet Potter at the Half Moon Motel. When Potter arrives, he's murdered. Then Logan is deliberately run down on the road. And you know, Lieutenant, dead men tell Motel. Yes, that much, we know. Yes, do get to the point, George. Then enters what Mort would call the ironical touch. We're told that Logan and Potter had a violent quarrel the very day of the murder. Who should know better than the secretary who overheard it? Is that right, Maggie? That's right, Mr. Valentine. Then Mr. Potter does a very human thing. On the way to his appointment, which he knows he has to do with his wife, he stops in for a quick drink at Mort's bar. He stands almost next to Logan, but they don't say a word to each other because they've never met before. Ah, look, look. You've got to make more sense than this, Valentine, because I don't get it. Oh, you'll get this, Lieutenant. Why were we told there was a quarrel? Because that would supply the motive for Logan to kill Potter. And who'd know enough about Sheila to force her to place Logan at the motel when he wasn't there at all? A lot of questions, Mr. Valentine. How about some answers? Coming to that, Mrs. Potter, coming to that. But just one final question. If Logan were proved as your husband's murderer, who would be in the position to hold you up for the rest of your life? What? Someone who had the proof that you were dickering with Logan. Maybe you weren't talking murder, but it might sound like it. Getting all this down, Maggie? You've got that proof, haven't you? That's why you committed two murders. Maggie? Didn't you, Maggie? Yes. You've got your facts all straight, Mr. Valentine. They make a wonderful confession. Proof, Mr. Valentine, about life being ironical. What's that? Oh, George, I don't know if I can stand much more irony in one case. Well, just after you left, I mean after you asked me about Mrs. Potter and Mrs. Cronin, I checked with the waiters. They said neither one of the ladies left the place at all. And there you were, suspecting the both of them. Well, that's all cleared up now. Yeah, there was another lady who borrowed Mrs. Potter's car. And what? She tried to run us down. We were getting a little too close to the truth for her comfort. Hey, you know, folks, we've been through a whole lot together. Saying, uh, how about dinner tonight? With me, you know, on the house. Hey, how about that, Chrissy? Oh, I think that would be perfectly ironical. Good, good. Maybe we can stir up some exciting conversation. It gets awfully dull around this place sometimes. Dull. Oh, Mort, you can't mean that. So help me, Miss Brooks. I don't know why you're giving me that look of physicality. I'd be willing to bet there's not one car owner in a thousand who could lubricate his car thoroughly. For there are more than 20 vital wear points on the average car, and if most of us tried to find them, it would be pure guesswork. Even the expert lube men at the independent chevron gas stations and standard stations don't rely on experience alone when they grease your car. Instead, they follow a precise lubrication chart recommended by the manufacturer of your car. And they use RPM greases and oils, each one tailor-made to protect those key wear points. Tailor-made, too, to smooth out road shocks and give you easier riding. So for low-cost maintenance and better riding, get a lube job with RPM greases every thousand miles. Get it at a standard station or independent chevron gas station, where they say and mean, we'll take better care of your car. Next week, when you tune our way for another adventure of George Valentine, you'll hear Lieutenant Riley saying... Now, Valentine, you say your client was held up Tuesday night at 7 o'clock. Well, according to this report, the only crimes that took place in our fair city on Tuesday night were a pickpocket apprehended at 7th and Duncan, and... What's the matter, Lieutenant? I should have remembered myself. The Hafe murder, killer still at large, victim previously married to... Here. Here, Valentine, you can have the honor. You've earned it. The night's adventure of George Valentine has been brought to you by Standard of California on behalf of independent chevron gas stations and standard stations throughout the West. Let George do it stars Robert Bailey as George with Francis Robinson as Claire. Wally Mayer appears as Lieutenant Riley. The night story was written by David Victor and Herbert Little Jr. and directed by Don Clark. Also heard in the cast were Gloria Blondel as Sheila Cronin, Virginia Gregg as Vivian Potter, Betty Lou Gerson as Maggie, Dick Ryan as Mort, and Tony Barrett as Charlie. The music is composed and conducted by Eddie Dunsteader. Your announcer, John Heaston. Listen again next week, same time, same station to let George do it. This is the Mutual Don Lee Broadcasting System.


This study examined the role of socioeconomic factors in predicting the risk of transmission of neglected tropical diseases in Brazil. It found that socioeconomic factors such as gross domestic product and loss of natural vegetation cover were important in determining the risk of transmission of these diseases. Additionally, the combination of socioeconomic and environmental factors improved overall model accuracy by 10%, reaching a maximum of 18% in the case of dengue fever. These findings suggest that poverty and destruction of natural ecosystems are key drivers of neglected tropical disease transmission in Brazil. This article was authored by Arthur Ramolho Mogalés, Claudia Torres-Codeco, Jens Christian Svenning, and others.


Welcome to Sheboygan County government working for you. My name's Adam Payne. I'm the Sheboygan County Administrative Coordinator. And with me today is Jim Groff, the Director of the Child Support Enforcement Agency. My co-host, Dan Lemmy-Hugh, could not be with us today, but certainly we have a lot of information to cover and we'll get right to it. Jim is one of 23 departments, department heads overseeing one of 23 departments and has been with the county for some time. And why don't we begin by, Jim, why don't you tell us a little bit about yourself and your roles and responsibilities? Sure, thank you for allowing me to be here and letting you know about what child support is all doing and about myself. I appreciate that opportunity. I've been with the county approximately 14 years, a little bit more. Two years as Health and Human Services Accounting Manager, and then I transferred over to the Child Support Agency where I've been for the last 12 years. Our role as far as child support goes is to oversee the operation of the county's 4D program, which is the Child Support Enforcement Program. And we report, basically, to three different entities, not only the county board of supervisors and yourself, but also to the state and federal governments because each of them play a strategic part in the program that we offer to the residents of Sheboygan County. We are authorized as part of the Social Security Act and that's why we're called the 4D Agency because our authorization comes from Section 4, Part D, of the Social Security Act. And then we also sign a state and county contract with the Brewer of Child Support at the state level and we're responsible for establishing paternity for unwed people. Let me stop you right there for a minute because right now our viewers are probably saying, what are we talking about here? Let's break it out. Child Support Agency, you've been with the county for 14 years. And let's start real simple. What is the mission of the Child Support Agency? Our mission is to ensure adequate financial and medical support for families through an aggressive approach in locating obligors, establishing and enforcing court orders for child support and medical support and to establish paternity and child support collections for non-marital children. Very good, very good. And for the last 12 years, you've been the director of the program. Correct. How many staff do you have? I have 16 full-time equivalents and one LTE. 16 full-time people are divided up between administrative jobs, specialist work, case management work and financial work. Now, you have one of the more, I think, challenging roles in the county, working with child support and enforcement. And often when I think of the Child Support Department, I think of following up with deadbeat dads or people that aren't providing support for their children. Give me a little bit of a flavor for the roles and responsibilities of your department. What are your staff involved with? Okay, first of all, we don't call anybody deadbeat dads because it's offensive to them. Yes, my apology. And according to the state, they've mandated to us that we're supposed to become kinder and gentler and treat people as customers rather than as enemies. And we try to express that to the people we work with because often we are, and my staff are caught in the middle and you have one parent calling and screaming and yelling because they aren't getting the money and another parent calling and screaming because they're paying too much money and you're caught in between with the children who you're really there to serve. And that's the bottom line, making sure that the children get the financial assistance, the medical assistance that they need. So let's turn back to your staff. You said 14 staff. Talk a little bit about their, or 16. Talk a little bit about their roles and responsibilities. Sure, we have nine specialists, excuse me. The specialists are charged with establishing either paternity or various orders for the collection of child support. I have two paternity people. They take cases according to the last name of the mother of the child and it's broken down pretty much so that each one of the paternity specialists has approximately 250 cases. And then there are seven non-support specialists that we call and they each have approximately 550 to 600 cases that they are working on throughout the year. They're responsible for making sure that the court orders are established on a timely basis and that health insurance is established for the care of the child and enforcing and in some cases reviewing a court order to make sure that it's not financially hurting either parent. How many specialists working with caseloads? Nine altogether. Nine and they have between, you said five and 600 case? Correct, except the paternity people who a paternity case is a lot more complex than a non-support. There's a lot of work that goes into that. There's several interviews before the child is born, after the child is born, locating and naming a father on the birth certificate are all things that the paternity people have to go. And that's one reason their caseload is approximately 250 rather than the five to 600 that the other specialists have. And one of the staff support people you have is the child support enforcement attorney. Correct. What is her role? Well, she not only is used in the child support agency, she's also an assistant corporation counsel and her role as that is to take care of the chapter 51's 55 orders which are for placement and I just forgot, but, and then the most of her responsibility is for child support and child support, she acts as the state and she basically is more or less interested in, well, I shouldn't say more or less, she is totally interested in what the state would like to see done as far as the establishment of borders and she represents the best interest of the child. A lot of people are confused and concerned because they feel that, well, she's there with either the custodial parent or the non-custodial parent and she's not representing or has any association with either one of those. She's a representative of the state and works on the best interest of the child. Now, one of 23 county departments, 16 staff. What's the operating budget for the department? What kind of revenue and expenditures do you have flowing through your department? We have, our 2002 budget was just over a million dollars and of that, we generate revenue from three different sources. The first one and the largest one is from the state. They contribute 66% of any dollar we spend, 66% is returned to us by the state because we're all part of the TANF program and funds that is used for reimbursement purposes. So right now we're getting 66% back from the state then there's another approximately 24% that comes from various incentives that we can earn by establishing paternity or making collections or creating health insurance orders or medical assistance orders. And then the final 10% or less than that depending upon what our incentives are come from the county government who give us 10% for tax. Now when you say about a million dollars for the department, is that for operations or does that include the money that you're fording on or facilitating that gets in the hands of parents and their children? No, that's just the operations, a million dollars to operate it. The monies that we collect or help collect, I should say, no longer come to Sheboygan County, they come to, it's called the Wisconsin Collection Trust Fund and that's located in Milwaukee. All collections for child support or spousal support or medical assistance or anything like that funnel through that trust fund. And I think that's a big misnomer out there. I think a lot of our viewers and people in the community may call your department and say, hey, where's my check, send my check to me and it frankly isn't coming into the hands of you or your staff. Again, you're facilitating or following through to make sure that the money is appropriately forwarded on and timely. Correct, we, oh, it was, I would say probably at least 15, 16 years that we collected money through Sheboygan County itself. So in 1998, when the state created this trust fund and said from now on, local agencies, you will no longer collect any cash unless there's a specific reason and those would include if somebody was paying off all their accounts and they came in and said, here's the money, take it. We're not gonna give it away. We'd much rather take it, accept it, reseed it, and then send it back to the trust fund and then have them distributed to the proper sources, be it the mother or the child or to pay off some birth expenses or any arrearages that maybe do either to the mother or to the state or something like that. So we're not gonna turn money away if they come in but we are not supposed to be collecting any money because that is supposed to be done through the trust fund. And that's a good segue to giving the viewers a better feel for some of the services that you provide, the people that you're working with. And let's work with a couple of examples. For example, give our viewers a better sense of, in case of divorce, do you work with all people when they're getting divorced and have children or in what cases would you work with a situation? Well, we first start working or establishing a case when the couple has received their divorce and they must have children in order for us to work on it. And now the couple has a choice. They can either go with our services which require them to fill out an application for services after the divorce, pay a $20 fee and have an order that is a dollar amount order because we just had an edict that started in May of last year that said we had to convert all our percentage orders which were set at 17% or 25% depending upon the number of children to a straight dollar amount. And so we've been working on that for the last six, eight months. And so that's one of the new criteria that we established to open up a case. We wanna make sure that those orders are already a dollar amount order because we have until September of this year to finish that conversion work. So anyone in this community that gets divorced and has children, are they identified as a case in your department or do you work with those individuals in all instances? We could, but the only ones that we get automatically referred to us are those that have some sort of medical assistance attached to them if they're using medical assistance or if they're using badger care or healthy start or something like that through the Department of Economic Support. We in turn get an automatic referral saying you need to establish an order to recoup some of these costs that have been paid off by the state. So earlier when I made the inappropriate comment of deadbeat dads, and again I do think a lot of viewers and a lot of people think, well that's what child support is about, is following up on parents or fathers that aren't fulfilling their obligation. But that really isn't fair. I mean it's much broader than that. Another example, say a young woman comes to the office, she's pregnant and she says that I'm not married, I'm looking for help, is there any assistance that can be provided? Sure, again we ask her, the first question is are you presently receiving any type of medical assistance or anything like that because if she does get that then we waive the application fee. But she still needs to fill out an application and then there's an interview that's conducted with her to try and get as much information as we can because the only way we can do our job is if we communicate with the mother, the child to find out number one where she met the person if she doesn't know who he is and gather any information that we can. Either a friend of hers introduced her and she knows him so that we can follow up and try and identify who the father may be. What if the person doesn't know who the father is? It makes it very difficult, number one, and we still take the case and we try for, we're able to get it to try for approximately three years to try and identify who the father is. If you can identify who the father is, is there any support that can still be provided? Any financial support? Not by anyone outside the agency or excuse me, not by anyone like a father unless somebody is willing to admit they are. There is state funding available, but it's getting less and less to do that. We used to have AFDC and that's been changed now to W2 but that program, the W2 program is still available and is used periodically but we keep working until we can find something and all of a sudden somebody will remember something and we'll go with that. And we're picking on dad here. Let's turn the tables. A young man comes in carrying a child and is separated or going through a divorce. Same situation, you would follow up with the mother and look at income levels and determine how much should be provided. Correct, we do that also and that's why when you were saying deadbeat dads before I was gonna say sometimes there's deadbeat mothers too, but we'll do the same thing. In the case of the dad carrying the child, more than likely whoever he says is the mother is going to be the mother and it's very easy to determine that. And we do do paternity testing right in our own office. The two paternity people do buckle swab which is taking a cotton swab basically and putting it on each side of the cheeks and swabbing that and you do that for each of the alleged fathers and the mother and the child and then you send it all into our agent that takes care of the processing for us, the lab that does that work for us. And in about two weeks or so we get the answers back and our paternity is established if it's 99% or more. I anticipate your staff have to have excellent people skills because I imagine they're getting some difficult phone calls from time to time or they're following up with people that aren't real glad to hear from your staff. Talk about that a little bit. That's true, I'm gonna say I have an excellent staff. They are all hard workers and at times they do get stressed out and they might seem our sound cross over the phone but it's, we're hoping that everybody remembers your one case out of 550 let's say and it kinda depends what happened just before or what else they're working on that day and that's why when you call my agency and you talk to it, the person that answers the phone is very well versed in all our services and all our programs and all the information because they can call your case up on the screen right in front of them and get all the information that has happened during the last I believe six years of information is out on the computer. So if they give you an answer to a question, oftentimes it's not necessary to talk specifically to the case worker because what they're telling you is the most current information and they have it right at their fingertips so it's correct information and they really don't need to and I don't wanna use the word bother but there's no real need to talk to the case worker because their work is supposed to be to make sure that the order is established to make sure it's being followed by the non-custodial parent to make sure that it's the right rates and everything and so their job is to follow up on that and make sure that it's treating everybody equitable. Let's go back to you mentioned the trust fund. Now, what if someone isn't receiving their check? What happens? Please don't call my agency. Ever since the trust fund took over the child support collection and disbursement of payments, they are the main contact for financial information regarding your case. If you miss a check or if your check is short or if for some reason you receive an extra check, if you have a question as to why that's happening, they are the ones that you're supposed to start with because they have all the information there, they know when the check was received, what days it was from as far as the employer goes because most of our checks are sent to the trust fund through the use of income withholding orders that are sent to the employer. And you said they, I mean if I'm a constituent of Sheboygan County and I didn't receive a check, I would think it'd be a natural to look in the phone book and say I'm gonna call the child support agency and find out what's happening with this check. And you're saying that's a call not well placed. They should be contacting who? Well, they should be contacting the Wisconsin Collection Trust Fund. And their number is 1-800-991-5530. And they asked to speak to a financial assistant and they will be given a series of information. I believe you have to answer your social security number or your case number or your court case number, whatever you happen to know in order to get the information and the trust funds. A recording system will give you enough information so that if you have to go to a live person you can also do that. But if they call your department and get into the phone system, that number is provided whether they're asking about check or information. That is one of the, we have an answering service through the county that we utilize and it's, we change the information regularly so there's a lot of people that insist upon getting that number, getting an answer and pressing zero and that doesn't work with our system because zero is not a number, it's just gonna bring you back around into the same voicemail message that we have. What you need to do is listen and if it's a financial question, I wanna say off the bat, I believe you press one and that'll give you the information about the trust fund including the phone number and allow you to answer them. Now going back to the facilitation, the follow through to make sure the check is forwarded on. You have staff who from time to time are dealing with individuals, I imagine who aren't real excited about following through and sending out that check. If they don't, what's your recourse? Whether several steps that need to be taken, once in a while it only takes a call from someone from the agency or the attorney or one of the financial people will call and say we didn't receive your check is there a reason for that and sometimes it's the non-custodial parent forgot to to let us know that they were laid off or lost their job for one reason or another and then there's certain things that they have to do according to the court order. So you go back to the court order and you look on if for instance they're required to do work searches or if they're required to do a number of different things, sometimes the court orders are very creative and they give them different options that they can do. We follow up then if they say well we're laid off what we do is find out if they're going to be receiving unemployment compensation and we can issue an income withholding order for unemployment and collect things that way. If they're retired we can use some retirement benefits or out of retirement fund that they might have we can attach to that. Now just recently we're able to put administrative liens and license suspensions and that's another one that I can't remember off hand on our against people's states so the other one is we can freeze bank accounts. So you have a number of tools available so you do. Now if that individual leaves the state does that change the rules of the game any? It does and it doesn't. If it depends where the rest of the family is if it's here in Wisconsin then we can still process the case because we have what's called jurisdiction as long as the child and the custodial parent live here in Wisconsin will have jurisdiction. Now it might move from Sheboygan County to let's say Marathon County or St. Croix County or someplace else depending on where she moves but as long as she's in the state I shouldn't say she as long as they are in the state we have jurisdiction and then it depends where they move to there are some states that are notorious for being very very difficult to work with and getting information from one of those is a neighbor right to the South Illinois. California is another good example and Texas and Wyoming I believe is another one because they're just so huge that you lose a lot of information and for instance we send something down to California and ask them to enforce our order. We go through the state and through the local agencies and we ask them to enforce it. It's just to get an answer from them could add as much as three to six months to the timeframe that we're working with. And meanwhile you have a parent and a child or children waiting for that much needed financial support. Is there any time limit to court orders? As far as they're in enforce until the child turns it's either 18 or 19 as of right now and a graduate of a high school. Or after I believe it's July 1st it's gonna be a change that's gonna automatically change everything to 18. And then after that time, once they are a graduate and are 18 then child support itself is no longer an issue. But if there's any arrearages or past due child support payments that were missed we can collect on those for up to 20 years of the child's 18th birthday. You can hardly escape the press for more than a day on all the discussion at the state level with the budget deficit and what it may mean for local governments and what it may mean for people statewide in regards to providing services. What types of implications or concerns do you have with what's happening at the state level? How could that impede your ability to provide service? Originally when the budget repair bill was brought out the governor had said something about that. Child support agencies should not be affected but I don't think that is any longer the case and I hear in Sheboygan County we're part of county government and therefore we're going to be part of the solution and we're gonna work as much as we need to to see that our budget is going to be met. But if something does happen that we're in the loose funding we had several staff meetings. We had meetings with management and we came up with several suggestions as to what may be required. The worst case scenario is right now with the county's hiring freeze. We have an LTE that we'd be lost without. We've had an LTE position for about approximately the last eight years and they do a lot of the initial work on cases and information systems and so forth. Everything is supposed to be automated into the state's automated collection system which is called kids which stands for kids information data system and this person has been working on and off for the last eight years doing this type of work trying to work the process through until it becomes automated so that it's more user friendly and is part of the system. Well, there's always new incentives coming up each year, new programs and so forth so she's been working an awful long time and if I'm not allowed to hire that person back I'm gonna have to redistribute what that person does for anywhere from 25 to 30 hours a week and some of those things that we may have to do would be to instead of having windows service at 7.30 in the morning maybe for a start at 10 o'clock in the morning and then instead of we jobs share one of my staff with the corporation council's office to take care of 50 once in 55 work that the assistant corporation council needs to do and we may have to pull some of that time back. So in short, if we lose some of the shared revenue that's being suggested it's going to have implications and as you said it's gonna have implications countywide and we're all working to be part of the solution and looking at how we can do the same work at less cost and I appreciate you and your staff's efforts. Well, it's been good to have you with us today Jim and kudos to you and your staff because I know you have a very challenging role and perhaps one of the more important in Sheboygan County because it directly affects children and making sure that children are getting their financial resources, financial resources they need. So thank you for joining me today. Thank you for having me. My pleasure. My pleasure. I just want to say one more thing. We may not be the biggest department but I believe we're one of the hardest working departments in the county and regardless of what at times people may think that we're doing a rotten job we are really doing the best we can and we truly do work hard. And if people want more information what number can they call very quickly? They can call 459-4301. I believe it is. 459-4301. That doesn't sound right. Let me look. I got that written down because I knew there was going to be numbers. If they just want to find out more information they can call 459-3041. 3041 and we've got to finish the program. Thank you for joining us next week or next month rather it'll be a discussion of another important department, our finance department. We're in the process of kicking off the budget process and Tim Finch is going to join us and we're going to talk about our overall budget, $130 million budget, 23 departments and we'll share with viewers where we're at and what our goal and objectives are. So on behalf of Dan Lemminghue County Board Chairman and the County Board thanks for joining us today.


The Petrovich Collection at the Canada Science and Technology Museum is a collection of over 130 mathematical instruments from the 12th century to the 19th century covering a wide geographical range of the Mediterranean region and in particular the Ottoman Empire. The collection came to us in 1980 from Dr. George Petrovich who was a Serbian-born architect who moved to Montreal. Petrovich collected these instruments over a number of decades in order to document mathematical practice, architecture, surveying in the Mediterranean and Ottoman regions. Recently, the Petrovich Collection has been the subject of a lively research project studied by Hasan Umut, a historian of Islamic mathematics and Asya Khab, an expert on the history of Islamic architecture. And one of our favorite aspects of this project has been the surprising connections created through the process of research such as connections with historians of architecture, the Serbian Embassy, and the Islamic Studies Department at McGill University.