I just want to say a few things Insha'Allah to Allah. Just some words of advice at Dino Nasihah, this is Hadith of the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam. So, one thing I want to say is, and I think the general topic is around sort of understanding the times we live in, and there's a very vast corpus of Hadith literature that deals with signs of the Sa'a in the Hadith of Jibril Alaihi Wasallam, which is a foundational Hadith in our tradition, absolutely foundational, Hadith of Jibril Alaihi Wasallam. It's found in Bukhari Muslim Imam An-Nawwi quotes it as number two Hadith in his Arba'i. The Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam is approached by Jibril Alaihi Wasallam who comes in the form of a man, and this is how the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam would receive wahi. Imam Isha'i said that the forms of wahi are 46 types, so this is just one type, which the angel would take the form of a human being and come to the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam. In this case, it says that Jibril Alaihi Wasallam, he came to the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, he had exceedingly black hair, he had very, very white clothes, he did not have signs of travel on him, he wasn't disheveled, no dirt on his clothes, nothing like that, no map sack. Wala Ya'lifu Minna Ahadun, and none of us knew who he was.  Do you know the Hadith? You should know this Hadith. And so the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, he gives him the five pillars of Islam, Buryat Islamu ala khams, right? Islam is built on five, the Shahada, that there's no ilah, there's no deity, except Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala, in that we pray. And for a lot of, unfortunately, a lot of modern Muslims, that's plenty for them. I believe in God, I do my prayers, or I just believe in God, this type of thing. So the prayer is absolutely fundamental. I can't stress this enough. The first thing we're going to be asked about in the Yom Al Piyama, according to the Hadith of the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, is our prayer. The Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, in his final appearance in the Masjid, he said, As-Salaam, As-Salaam, the prayer, the prayer, right? And there's a Hadith where he says, As-Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, that the difference between a mu'min and a kafir is As-Salaam, the prayer. And most of the Ulama, they take this as sort of a qualitative difference between a mu'min and a kafir. In other words, if a mu'min, if a Muslim is not praying, that he's taking on sort of the characteristics of a kafir. But Imam Ahmad Ibn-Hambal, he said, No, he's a kafir. In essence, it's an essential difference, right? And Imam Ahmad Ibn-Hambal is one of the great A'imah of Ahlul Sunnah wal-Jama'ah. So we should take these opinions very, very seriously. So our prayer should be the focus of our life, right?  Plan your day around the prayer. Do you want to go see, you know, the last Jedi?  You know, every day we should be improving. One of my teachers said, If you're not a better person than you were yesterday, then you fail. Every day you should make progress. And it's an inward struggle. It's a constant struggle. We should be conscious of our thoughts, right? We should be in a state of Toba. You know, one of my teachers said, Be in one of two states. A state of Toba, which is repentance, and a state of Shukla, which is gratitude. This is something that, again, is lost on a lot of modern people. Just to be in a state of gratitude, right? Allah SWT says, This is sort of a purpose clause in Arabic. If you have regard for me, have regard for me so that I might have regard for you. Sometimes it's translated, remember me so that I might remember you. Probably not a good translation because it sort of implies that the opposite might be true of Allah SWT, that he'll forget, but he doesn't forget. So Zikr could mean to have regard for something. Have regard for Allah SWT so that he might have regard for us. In other words, put us in the center of his Prophets, of his Tawfir. In the Qur'an, oftentimes, this is one of the rhetorical sort of secrets of the Qur'an, Allah SWT uses something in classical English grammar. It's called parataxis, which is a juxtaposition of opposite ideas. You find this in the Qur'an. It's like jinn and inns, for example, Samawati, what are opposites put in juxtaposition? So they're going to say, this is what's happening in this part of the ayah. Have shukr, be grateful to me and do not disbelieve in me. So then kufr and shukr are opposites. You see, kufr and shukr are opposites. In other words, to be ungrateful is a form of kufr to Allah SWT, is a form of disbelief. So one of the ways in which we manifest shukr or gratitude to Allah SWT, who is Ashakir, is one of his name, Ashakur. Allah SWT is the one who appreciates service. So this is one of the names of Allah. When we manifest the attribute of Ashakir, it means we are thankful to Allah. But the shakur is the one who thanks Allah, even when he's deprived. This is a higher level of shukr, right? Because ultimately Allah SWT knows what's good for us, and according to our limited wisdom, we might think, well, that thing was good for me. Why didn't Allah give it to me? But this is imputing upon Allah SWT our own sense of reason. Allah SWT is infinite and absolute. In reality, we don't know what is ultimately good for us. Something that ostensibly is seen as evil from our perspective or unjust might actually be something that's good for us in the sort of long run. Because Allah SWT is outside of time, right? He created time. He's not in time. He transcends space-time and matter. So the shakur is the one who thanks Allah even when he's deprived and even in times of adversity. The Prophet SAW, when he was praying a third of the night, and his feet were swollen and our mother, Aisha, she said, why do you do this? Allah SWT has forgiven your past and future transgressions of a prophet is completely different than a transgression of one of us. You don't have time to go into that. It's a theological issue. But his response was shall I not be a grateful servant and use a shakur. What is constantly in the process of thanking Allah SWT in any state, right? This is important. And that we carry, if we complain, we complain to Allah SWT, right? A lot of times down on youngsters they want to complain about things and how things are bad in the world and how bad we've got it. We just take inventory, do a self-audit. Is it really that bad? Is your life really that bad? You really want to march out to the streets and shout at people and wave signs at people, right?  Whenever you want to mention the faults of others, remember your own fault first. Whoever humbles himself, Allah SWT will evolve and raise up. Whoever raises himself, Allah SWT will debase and humiliate. Right? So the Prophet SAW and our sort of state is analogous to the Prophet in Mecca. Muslim minority and non-Muslim majority. Right? So we need to study the Meccan period. Study the Tafsir. How did the Prophet SAW handle himself in the Meccan period? He was a victim in Mecca. Right? He was a victim of verbal and physical abuse. He was oppressed. He was never tyrannical towards him. He went to Ta'if. He was stoned out of the city. And he carried his complaint to Allah. He didn't complain to the people. A beautiful du'a in which he made while his feet were bleeding sitting under a tree. It's how he started his du'a. This is incredible. The entire du'a is really incredible. Just the first part, he says, Oh Allah, I complain to you about my weakness of strength. So he doesn't say, I complain to you because what you did to me, I'm complaining to you because you put me with this group of people who stoned me out of the city. So he attributes the weakness, his shortcomings to himself. This is called Tawadur. This is called humility. Right? So the prayer reinforces that. The prayer has many functions. Anyway, back to the after-mismal tangent. So the prayer and then charity. Right? Hajj and fasting. These are the five words. And then Jibril A.S. says to him, tell me about iman. So the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam he tells him the six articles of faith. And then tell me about yaksan, spiritual excellence, if you will, or goodness. And he said to worship Allah as if you can see him. As if you can't see him. And if you can't see him, you should be cognizant of fully aware that indeed he sees you. Allah SWT sees you. Right? This is ihsan. And then the Hadith continues. Tell me about the hour. Tell me about the hour. Tell me about the hour. Who is responsible? He says, Who is responsible? The one big question knows no more than the question.  Some years back there was a Christian preacher who said, May 21st, 2012, and then people, they sold their entire life because they thought they were going to be raptured into heaven.  I'm miscalculated. It's actually in October. So we can have the summer. In October comes around, you know, it's not happening. I'm going to start predicting. So no one knows the Sa'a, right? The Prophet SAW said, I don't know. The one big question knows more than the question. So he said, tell me about his portents and Amaratiha. So the Prophet SAW said, he mentioned a few things. The first thing he mentioned is when Hadith of Jury he said, a girl will give birth to her master or mistress. A girl will give birth to her master which is very interesting. This idea of empowering children. This idea that there's the just or the ideal society is one in which there is absolutely perfect egalitarianism that hierarchical structures are seen as oppressive and this is a kind of philosophy that's sort of being pumped out of American universities in the academy. Our children that go to these colleges are being taught in epistemology known as postmodernism that every type of traditional society or belief system is inherently oppressive. This is what they're talking about. We take a philosophy class we take a psychology class we take an English class it's almost unavoidable. Every type of traditional belief system every type is inherently tyrannical and oppressive and it must be taken off the face of the earth and we need to rebuild society again. Even traditional religious values are seen as oppressive. They study people like Nietzsche a German philosopher whom Hitler made the official philosopher of the Third Reich. Nietzsche said that compassion is a vice. Compassion is bad for you. Which is interesting because this is the core virtue in our tradition is compassion. It's Rahman. Rahman Rahman Rahman Rahman Rahman Rahman Rahman Rahman This is the象 that are proven at it work. being taught that these are all sort of, you know, they sort of frame it as this is a Christian value, but those are values that we also, we also believe in. Compassion is a, and what's interesting is Friedrich Nietzsche, his final sane act on earth was he was walking in the streets of Turin, this is very ironic, and he saw a man beading his horse, and then he ran, and he hugged the horse, and his tears in his eyes, and then he went into a total state of insanity for two or three years. Very ironic that his final act on earth was an act of compassion. Right? But this is what we need to do. We need to get rid of these religious, these archaic, these old-fashioned values, and come up with our own values. Right? So we need to destroy what they call the patriarchy. This is how they refer to it, especially third-wave feminists. Right? The patriarchy's gotta go. What's the patriarchy? Who's the patriarch? Ibrahim Ali Salam. So they're taught a narrative. Here's the narrative. Before these archaic and tyrannical and oppressive Abrahamic religions, the world was living in a state of utopia. Right? And it's, you know, Judaism, Islam, Christianity, that game, and disrupted the utopia. Some of them actually believe you take classes in gender studies and things like that, that before Abraham, women just ruled the world is what they're taught. It's a mythos, it's not true. It's only true in Hollywood. It's called Wonder Woman. And the place is not real. It's called the Amazon. But in our tradition, we're taught that women need men, and men need women. It's a compliment. It's not a competition. Right? So, you know, this idea of post-modernism. So things that are traditional beliefs are seen to be things that are sort of outdated. Right? For example, they say gender itself is just a, it's a social construct. Right? They've heard this before. There's nothing biological about gender. You can arbitrarily change your gender. This is what they're being taught. That there's a difference between sex and gender.  But gender is something that is socialized. It's all nurtured. Of course, there's no scientific evidence of this. But a way of sort of creating this de-alitarian type of society where there's no differences whatsoever. It's interesting to see this sort of outcome of this type of philosophy. Because now it's permeating into things like college sports or professional sports. If you can just arbitrarily change your gender, I can wake up tomorrow and I can say, you know what? I'm a woman today. And I'm going to play on the women's basketball team. Of course, I'd still be terrible. I'm not a very good basketball player. But imagine someone like LeBron James decides, I actually like a woman. And then he joins WNBA. They'll say, yeah, he's a woman. There's no, there's, there's no such thing as gender. That's what they say. A lot of children, they have what's known as gender dysphoria. Right? So children, because St. Addy said that childhood is a type of Juno and it's a type of insanity. That's why they're children. They need to be manipulated for lack of a better term. So children, they, many of them start acting like the other gender. And you have these parents who say, yeah, these are now our teachers. Johnny wants to be a girl. I'm old-fashioned. Johnny knows what he's doing. These are now our teachers. This is your teacher, the same kid who put on Mickey Mouse ears. Now he wants to be a girl.  You're going to give them a mouse or bones and no, the intellect is not developed, but you have parents that are now giving their children, you know, hormone therapy that's sterilizing them. And then 80% of children actually come out of this gender dysphoria. 80% of them. It's a phase. But we're being taught that gender doesn't really exist. Right? And that men and women are absolutely the same. And if you look at our Sharia, there's no absolute equality. There's, there's equitable rules for men and women. Because men and women are different. Physically, they're different. You know, why do women pray behind men? This is a big upfront to post-modernist. They come inside of a musty. What is this? Women should pray next to men in front of men. Men and women are different. We have different heart, wiring. Physically, we're different. That's true. Right? But even our, our rods and codes and our eyes interact with light differently. And men are more, they're more visually oriented. Right? So I got this question the other day in another musty. In a large non-Muslim audience, why do women pray behind the men? It's because men are easily distracted from the prayer. And men don't know what I'm talking about. This is just a fact, right? As long as dealing with reality, you know, so we don't have absolute egalitarianism. What we're looking for is things that are equitable, things that are fair. So for example, look at me.  Why can't I have four husbands? Okay. But a man must support his wife. Right? It doesn't matter if she has a PhD or she's an MD. If she decides, you know what? I'm not going to work. You go work. She has that right. Right? Because Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta'ala created us. And he knows that there's differences amongst us. And what's interesting is, if you look at European studies, so Europeans in general are not very religious people. Right? There's a study that came out of Prague University in the Czech Republic. And some of these countries, like 80% atheists, right?  Right?  This is an interesting study in Prague, you know, that's our Charles University in Prague, where they found that amongst married couples, when one spouse is dominant in the relationship, and dominant, not dominant in the sense of oppressive, dominant in the sense that they sort of have the final say on things. Right? They found that in those relationships, they have more children and they're much happier than when you have two dominant spouses competing for power. The study also found you can't blame religions or not religious people.  No, these are people that do the Czech Republic. They found that 78% of those relationships were male dominated, male dominated. So it's interesting, you have studies done by non-Muslims, by people who are not religious, that demonstrate that data proves that when a man is dominant in the relationship, those couples tend to be happier. This is sort of the normal state of human beings. We shouldn't apologize for it. There's studies out there that back this. It doesn't mean that women are inferior to men or something like that, but they're complements. So it's important for us to articulate our tradition to people, because eventually, because Muslims, they tend to align themselves with the left, because they don't want anything to do with Trump. They need a Republican. But if you look at it, if you look at our religious beliefs, we look at our values, we probably have more in common when it really comes down to it with Sarah Palin than we do with Hillary Clinton. Hillary Clinton is believes in social construction. Gender is a social construct. For example, she says, I wish we could have a woman president. Yet she believes that if Donald Trump wakes up tomorrow and says, I feel like a woman, we have a woman president. But that won't be good enough for her. She says, we have to keep abortion safe, legal, and rare. Why rare? She says, oh, the baby's not, the fetus is not a baby. You can only use the word baby. It's just a bundle of cells. Then why should it be rare? If it's like removing a polyp from your colon, who cares? Just get rid of it, because they know it's wrong. That's why. If you look down at it, you really analyze what's happening as far as what people actually believe. It's very revelatory. And I think right now, the greatest challenge to us is not the Christian right. It's not fundamentalist Jews. It's not religious people, really. It's this idea, this attack on tradition that's coming out of philosophies, like postmodernism, like nominalism, nominalism teaches there's no essence to anything. It's all accidents. There's no essences. This type of thing. And so when children or teenagers, they go to high school, they go to college, and they're exposed to these types of things, it's very hard for them to find guidance through the Muslim ummah, unfortunately. But I think it's time for us to defend our tradition, and it can't be defended well, because the Prophet ﷺ, you know, he said, at the end of time, Nothing will remain of this religion except its name. What does that mean? There are some people who believe that you can define this religion as Islam by your feelings. Right? Whatever I feel like, that's what it is. Well then, how do you interpret this hadith? Nothing will remain of the religion except its name. This hadith indicates there's a normative definition of Islam, and there's something else postmodernists don't believe in, something normative, something orthodox. There's nothing normative, they say, there's nothing normal, they say. This hadith indicates there's a normative definition, it's not defined by our feelings, it's defined by Allah and His Messenger. You'll come a time when people will say, I'm Muslim, but there's nothing Islamic about that, because they redefine their religion. Right? Sometimes we have to use secular arguments, because you will appeal to scripture, it's fallacy, it's an appeal to unqualified authority. Somebody says to you, for example, why don't you agree with homosexuality? And so what if the Quran says that it's a sin? Well, I don't believe in some text that was written, you know, thousands of years ago. And the Quran forced to use secular type arguments according to the CDC, the Center of Disease Control, and I apologize in advance. One-third of gay men are incontinent, you can look that word up later. 50,000 people every year get HIV, 78% of them are 2% of the population. That is completely unacceptable. And that is an epidemic and that's absolutely insane when you think about facts from the CDC. Facts hurt your feelings, I don't care. Those are facts. We can have a good discussion about them. But this is what it is. And we shouldn't apologize for our faith, because we believe that our faith and, you know, people, people sometimes they want us to use sort of their terminology for things. Right? We have to respect their tradition. But why isn't our tradition respected? Like this whole movement about gender pronouns, people now picking their own pronouns. Apparently there's more than two genders, there's more than two types of pronouns. You go to some of these classes and they say, what pronoun do you prefer? Excuse me? What pronoun? What are the choices? He, she, she, he, they, what? Oh, I didn't know that. And they enforce it upon you not to use my pronoun. So I have my own religious beliefs. I have my own anthropological beliefs about what a human being is. And I believe that there's two genders, gender binary if you will. Well, you're, you're a trans folk then.  Why?  It's like this one time, I was tutoring a student and she put her hand out and she shake my hand. And I just put my hand over my heart and said, oh, I don't, I don't shake hands with women. And she said, I'm so offended. And, and she said, and I said, you're offended by what?   I'm offended. Make sure you're offended. Oh, okay. Yeah. Well, it's like one time I was in a PhD seminar class and we're talking about some cultural practice in a different country that I found to be absolutely disgusting. And I voiced that in class. And as I think that's just totally disgusting. A liberal student jumped all over me and said, how dare you?    How dare you make a judgment about another culture and judge that person and demean their opinion? And I said, what are you doing to me right now? So, yeah, it's really interesting. They don't, they don't, they don't, they don't flip it on themselves and see what that basically is all the hypocrisy. The kumdina kumaliya din, this should be our stance. We should be principled. The Prophet SAW and Mecca was principled. His methodology was called assertive non-violence. Assertive non-violence means to be totally non-violent. No violence, but assertive meaning discipline, principle, right? The Prophet SAW did not compromise in theology and morality. He didn't compromise. And it would have made the situation a lot better if he had done that. He said, no, I'm not compromising. Because he wants to honor Allah SWT. Lekumdina kumaliya din, I read a book one time by an anti-Muslim polemicist.  And he quoted this ayah. Lekumdina kumaliya din, he said, this is the most tolerant verse in the Quran. Interestingly enough, in Surat Al-Kafirullah, you have your way, I have my way. Don't impose your beliefs on me. This is the Meccan period. You want to use your pronouns? You want to call yourself this and that? You can be an elephant for all you care. I don't care. But don't expect me to go along with it. You have your religion, I have my religion. You have your religious beliefs, or lack thereof. You don't believe in anything good for you. Faman sha'far yuhmin wa man sha'far yatfur. The Quran says to it, Meccan ayah, whoever wants to believe, let him believe. Whoever wants to disbelieve, let him disbelieve. Do whatever you want. You have your religion, I have my religion. And so, this is not going to be good enough. Eventually, when we align ourselves with people on the left, the extreme left, there's my way or the highway really with them. But interestingly enough, with Christians and Jews, they understand that there's believers and there's not believers. There's going to be people who don't agree with you. And this is how to deal with them, with compassion, with tolerance. So the Prophet sallallahu alayhi sallam is our model, the Meccan period, assertive non-violence. When they threw garbage on him sallallahu alayhi sallam, he went home wrapped himself in his mantle. He lay down.  So I did and go and warned them. The Prophet sallallahu alayhi sallam, Allah is teaching him, don't victimize yourself. Don't make yourself into a victim. Oftentimes we do this. And I said this before that I used to go to massage it. I used to go to churches and synagogues and I used to have interfaith dialogue and people genuinely wanted to know about our faith. And I would talk about you know Isa alayhi sallam and the Quran and the Prophet sallallahu alayhi sallam and the Bible and whatnot. Now it's just Muslims going into churches and just complaining about everything. Complaining.  And then everyone goes oh yeah poor me. I mean how many times does that really happen? You really need to announce that. You have an opportunity to talk to non-Muslims. You can you can say the name Muhammad sallallahu alayhi sallam in front of non-Muslims. You can put a hadith for the Prophet sallallahu alayhi sallam. One time I was in a church and there was like 10 speakers and the lady said you have one minute to say something. I put in one hadith for the Prophet sallallahu alayhi sallam. This girl in the audience she came crying like this. She was running to hug me like oh that is so beautiful. We were like just running to hug me and I saw a Muslim sister came down and said get it for me get it for me. So she was hugging the Muslim sister but she was looking at me like oh would you know. I mean think about what's happening in the society. Is it really a big problem?  I'll tell you right now I've been to many Muslim majority countries. I've experienced more racism in some of these countries. I've been far from going into places literally in Muslim majority countries or you know eventually sort of let in after hours and hours of this never happened to me here. So you have to put things in perspective right. Don't victimize yourself. The Prophet sallallahu alayhi sallam wrapped himself up.   Now what does it mean to be a nalir, a warner? It means to to to make people aware of a harm right. So the Prophet sallallahu alayhi sallam was just victimized.  In essence continue to be compassionate to them. Continue to be compassionate even though they've abused you. And magnify your Lord. While you're doing that say Allah who akbab, Allah who akbab. And clean your clothes off.   Don't lie down and say well I'm going to wait till somebody pulls me back up and cleans me back off because I've been victimized. Isn't that what the Prophet sallallahu alayhi sallam did? Stood back up, went out there. Clean them so far. And shun their immorality and idolatry. Be principle. Take a principle stance. Stance good. The man came to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi sallam and said ya Rasulullah Islamic. Tell me something about Islam that only you can tell me. Give me something that only you can tell me. Something special. The Prophet said say I believe in Allah and have uprightness. Be upright. Be strong upon that. That's it. That's the entire answer. Life is too short to be a sellout. Don't sell out. For what? Make a few people happy in your class. So be wary of different types of philosophies and teachings that our children might be exposed to in now even in high school. Where difference of opinion is absolutely not tolerated anymore. There's one philosophy, this is what it is.  So we should be able to reason with that. I don't think I'll stop with my rant. But I'll take some questions at y'all. It was a Hadith. That's it. None of you believe. None of you enter paradise until you believe. None of you believe until you love one another. And then I said, and then I said, and the Prophet said to his companions, shall I tell you of something? That would increase love. And they said, yes. And he said, as shus salama veinakum, spread peace amongst yourselves. And I sat down. That was the only thing I said. You have an opportunity to speak to people, you know, people out there are living traumatic lives. They need something that you have, really, you know, and you'll be surprised the reaction you get. Yes. And then he said, so he said a woman will give birth to her master, and then you will see the naked destitute barefoot shepherds competing in the construction of tall buildings, which is an indication, according to the Urnama, of sort of the competition in dunya, basically. And that's the end of the Hadith. And then the Prophet, and then Jibril al-Aliyasan goes away, and he says, the questioner was Allah, his Messenger, was coming to you to teach you religion. So he gave two signs. One of them, according to the Urnama, will happen quickly, like, will put a lot of gain or feel the over-calcitrance, disrespect of parents by children. And then the other one, it's going to come later down the line. So earlier on you were saying, don't really listen to other people's cultures and just kind of stick to your own culture. But why not listen to their culture and find out the flaw of your culture is secure here.  You're saying like when people come up to you and say, oh, there's been more than two genders, and you can't say, let me have my beliefs and you have yours. Why not listen to their beliefs and then point out the flaws of their beliefs? Yeah, you can if you want to. That's what I've been saying is, interact with people on the basis of reason, and use secular arguments. Don't use religious arguments because they're not going to work with people that don't believe in the sacredness of text. That was my whole point when I pointed out the problem with homosexuality. The social impact of that is detrimental to society. So giving an answer of, oh, I just don't believe it because the quote on says, so that's fine for you. But that's not going to work for the other people, for the other person. And if you don't want to talk to the person, that's fine also. You don't have to say anything. But I think we need to have, like they bring conservative speakers, for example, UC Berkeley, and then people show up and they write and they break windows. Let them speak and you can just bring your speaker and they can refute their points. Stopping someone's speech is not the right answer. It's fundamentally opposed to what this country stands for. They say, well, in my opinion, your opinion is irrelevant. Let people have their beliefs, let them do whatever they want as long as it doesn't break the laws of the country. And then you can lawfully debate their positions. But you'll learn a lot from people that you think you disagree with. This is very difficult for the youth to have to discipline, to listen to someone who has a difference of opinion. It's very hard. The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam is actually a hadith that says part of a person's mura'a or maturity is listening to a different opinion and not interrupting that person. It's a function of a person's maturity. Because all we do now, for the most part, is ad hominem. You don't agree with someone?  That's called ad hominem attack. It's just an insult. It's not a real argument where people are so easily triggered now. They have these trigger warnings in college.  Because they can't hear another opinion. It's very strange. They actually have these rooms called safe spaces in college universities where children go and they sort of meditate because that was triggered. There was a microaggression against me because this person said something that I disagree with. It's a very strange culture now. We should be able to hear different opinions and process them. And that's sort of the point of college anyway, to hear different opinions and be able to deal with them rationally. Yes? An appropriate response and reaction to hate speech. Reaction to hate speech? Yeah. If you went on the audience and there was a hate speech, what would be the appropriate reaction? Get up and leave. Yeah, remove yourself from that situation. Just take leave of them. If you want to make a sort of a silent scene, you know, just kind of go and walk out. Just remove yourself from that situation. Because the problem is, there are a lot of provocative tours out there. In other words, there are people actually go up on stage and they actually want to produce some sort of reaction from Muslims specifically.   They hate our first amendment, right? So don't attend it.  The pen is my year to the sword. So we should be in positions where, I mean, use social media. Use journalistic avenues to do something, but do it in a way that is tempered, a way that is civil. But a lot of these people are just trying to get a reaction. One of the best things we can do is just completely ignore it. Just downplay it. It'll just fizzle and go away. I mean, the prophets of Islam, that's his sunnah in Mecca when the Murshid-e-Keen were slandering him. They were calling him the opposite of the name Muhammad. It sounds like the prophet's name, but it means the opposite of his name. And the Sahaba were so upset about this. They came to the prophet. Can we attack people that call you this? They said, what are they saying? They're calling me Wudumam. They said, who is that? I'm Muhammad, and everyone kind of chuckled. That's it. He didn't allow himself to be triggered. I said, what? That's the solution? Where's my mom? Go deal with this guy.  She said, this is your prophet? He eats like an abd, like a slave.  And he said, I left to be abd. Am I not a slave? Am I not a slave? Continue with this. That's it. She walked away and everyone laughed at her. Don't take these things so seriously. These are nothing. Absolutely nothing. Go about your business. Life is too short. Take care of your family. When people are angry with their wives, like four or five days. Now life is too short for that. People that love you are angry with them. Why? People haven't talked to their fathers in weeks. For what? It's Ajib. Ajib and Hadid. A person will shun his father and cling to his friend. Other signs of the Sahab. A person will ignore his mother and obey his wife. Nothing wrong with being congenial with your wife. The point is shutting your mother. These are fitan Mecca towards the end of time. But we have to have sort of develop a thick skin. The Prophet ﷺ and Mecca developed a thick skin. Because ultimately who was in charge? We have belief in Qadr. Something that happened in the past. You can't do anything about it. That's the will of Allah SWT. Don't dwell on it. Move on. Is there a question over here? There's one there. Okay. Yes sir? Yes sir. I have a similar question. Now what's the reason for the discussion? So I think about it. Let's say a sister wearing hijab at the mall. Assaulted in the mall. What is the better way to react? If a sister gets assaulted at the mall. And they're just saying we don't have people in the mall. Oh, insult. We don't have people in the mall. Yeah. To have one. It means to pretend to be, to have a hafala. Just don't even acknowledge it. This is the sunnah practice. Be your insult. It's not even worth your time. You know. Just walk right by. To get in your face and things like that. You know, try to remove yourself from that situation as much as possible. But again, a lot of people, they want to get a reaction. People have their phones out. You never know. Some guys over there trying to get you to get angry. And his buddy's over there recording. He's going to post it on some YouTube channel. He has a million subscribers or something. Muslim goes crazy in the mall. And he doesn't show the first part where he like punches you in the stomach or something.  He just gets your reaction.  Just remove yourself from that situation. It's just an observation, actually. You know, the current administration. You know, I feel like as Muslims, you know, are named constantly tarnished. And I'm kind of just really voicing my opinion in terms of how can we improve our age as Muslims. To show what freedom is that makes.  And they always see in TV, you know, which is things we should not portray as that in the right way. I feel like there's need more from our Islamic society in this country to do more, maybe on TVs. I don't really know the answer. It's just an observation. I feel like our image, especially with the current administration, being tarnished and moving on. You know, it's something we need to kind of really see a way just to show what our true image is. I think the best thing is just to be Muslim. Just be a practicing Muslim. If you're trying to infiltrate the media, good luck with that. Because the media is a function of the government and the government has to justify, you know, Israeli occupation and invasion of foreign countries. And it's all the same spin on every channel. It's very, very difficult to make headway.  You can create an alternative sort of news network, but it's going to be a slow process. And these things actually work. There are a lot of people that have actually made a name for themselves creating these channels that are challenging, you know, the sort of mainstream media. But MSN, mainstream media, it's all the same sort of prepackaged garbage. I would say just be about Islam.  You might have a Muslim neighbor, a Muslim friend. And there's going to be a cognitive dissonance. This is what this guy on TV is telling me. This suit on TV. And this is a Muslim guy that I know. And he's nothing like this. This is when people begin with great awakening. They're already starting to wake up. So that's the best. I mean, just be Muslim. Be a principled Muslim. And it doesn't mean that you have to, you know, give speeches and whatnot in the subway or something. Just be a practicing Muslim. You know, a smiler or something like that. A very friendly gesture. Go open the door for somebody. But now, it was interesting, I was on a bar train. This lady came in and I got up to give her my seat. And she said, I don't beat your seat. Do I look weak to you or something like that? And I said, well, they're taking gender studies. So you've got to be careful.  It's very odd to you. But again, gender is a social construct, right? You know, there's an MA. There's an MA, what's it called? Mixed martial arts, MMA fighter, who's a man biologically, fighting women and sending them to the hospital. And no one can say anything because they don't want to be labeled as a big thing. Because they believe there's really no difference between those. She took hormone. Yeah, but the whole skeletal frame is bigger. There's denser muscle or fister like this big. Huge cranium. But that's a man. Like beating up these women. And it's going into the Olympics now. Now you have, you know, in fact, a few people that are born men, racing women, completely destroying them.  They're going to label me a bigger because they refuse to acknowledge that there's differences between men and women. It doesn't mean one is better than the other, but there are differences. Our brains work differently. We remember things differently. You know, we excel in different areas. This is just a fact. Again, look at European studies, Scandinavian studies that prove that women have a sort of predisposition towards certain careers and so do men. Women tend to go into medicine and teaching. Men go into the STEM fields. These are studies coming out of irreligious societies in Scandinavia. You can't blame religious baggage. But this is our hard wiring. People refuse to acknowledge it because they want absolute egalitarianism. My son is at the same level of me. Everyone's the same. Everyone at work should be the same. Everything the same. They want to create this egalitarian utopia on earth that's not going to exist. You can never have perfect justice in the dunya. It's impossible. Perfect justice is for Yom Kiyama. And you don't want justice on Yom Kiyama. We want Rahman on Yom Kiyama. It's why we believe in Yom Kiyama. But people who only believe in this dunya, they try to create their utopia. Here it doesn't work. Bow tried it, stall it, try it. Palm pot tried it. Doesn't work. You're going to end up killing millions and millions of people. So obviously there's a place for protest, but we really have to be self-checking first. We really have anything to complain about. Yeah, maybe there's a few things. But, you know, we should check ourselves, and that's the answer to the question, is that if you just implement the sunnah in our lives, inshallah, we'll see vast improvement. Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala can change opinions like this. You know, like the sister said, when Muhammad Ali passed away, and his funeral was in Louisville, Kentucky, it was a Muslim sister in Hijab. She said she landed at the airport, and soon as she walked out into the airport, people were giving her a standing ovation just because she was a Muslim. And then like two days later, there was one of these shootings or whatever, and they blamed the Muslims. And all of that went away. And one of my teachers said, you see what Allah can do? Like peace, He can change hearts, and then bring it back again. It's just an evidence of the Qudrana Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. He can change it easy, He can change all perceptions. But sitting around and just sort of, it's all tamanna. Tamanna means like vain hope with no action. Unbelievable insanity man, tamanna. She's like give man whatever he desires. Right? You know we know, rajah. Rajah is hope with action. Hope for something, but you're taking action. What is the difference between rajah and tamanna? The person who has tamanna is sitting in his mother's basement. He's a 40 year old man. He's playing video games, and he's making dua. I wish I had a job. I wish I had a wife. I wish I lost 200 pounds. But he doesn't take any action towards it. He's making dua. But the one who has rajah is fa'il. He's active. Right? Muslim. Ism fa'il. An active participle. He's doing the best he can. Right? And if he falls short, he makes dua to Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. To complete his action. They give him towfiq. At least he tried his best. And thank you very much. There's nothing left here. I'm sorry if I offended people. Actually, I'm not sorry. It's okay. You can take it. You're welcome. I'm all right.


So I'm a math teacher. I took a weird path to get here. I got a philosophy degree because I couldn't decide what to learn about for the rest of my life. I think everything is awesome. So I'm going to try to convince you guys that everything is awesome. Also, even though I ended up taking jobs that paid less and less and less, because I couldn't specialize in anything, nonetheless, it's true. Everything is awesome. OK, go. So you may think, come on, is everything awesome? I mean, some things are complicated. Some things are ugly. Are those things also awesome? Yes, yes they are. So there are two basic ways we can react when we see something weird. We can be like Sam the Eagle. We can say this is weird and therefore bad. Or we can be like Gonzo and say this is weird and therefore interesting. So today I will argue that everyone should be like Gonzo. So first I should tell you about schemas. Schemas are the way we organize the world. They're like categories or generalizations. They're kind of rules of thumb. They tell us how the world works. We can't do without them and we don't really need to. We just need to be careful. So for example, if one of your schemas is the girls are bad at math, you can end up thinking like this. You take in new evidence, but it just confirms what you already believe. So when you're using your current schemas to evaluate your current schemas, how do you know when you need to revise them? It's actually really hard. My favorite analogy ever is the figuring out how the world works is like fixing your ship while you're at sea. You can't pull it out of the water and see which planks are rotten. You just have to use the ones that seem more solid while you replace the other ones. This is difficult and complicated work, and it can be emotionally painful also. So if it's not work that we enjoy doing, we won't do it. So that brings me back to weirdness. If you like thinking about things that don't already fit into your picture of how the world works, you'll spend more time working on your schemas, and you'll have a better time doing it. This is why learning is so difficult. Fitting new things into your existing picture of the world can be really complicated and painful. We don't want our students to feel the way this baby does, especially about math. And math can involve really weird and difficult concepts. So it's important for students to react well to weirdness. For example, this beautiful thing. We want students to look at something like this and say, oh, that's amazing. What does that mean? We don't want them to look at that and say, oh, what is that? I can't even. So if you like thinking about weird new stuff, you'll do the hard work that's required for learning. So we need to model the right reaction to weirdness, the gonzo reaction. We need to model this for everybody, not just students. So look for opportunities to rethink your ideas about the world, any part of the world, not just the mathematical parts. Be excited about revising your schemas. This is bigger than school. Not only is it harder to learn when you don't like thinking about weird stuff, it's also easier to exclude possibilities and thereby to exclude people. So take gender, please. It's not just binary. It's not just a set of discrete boxes that people can fit into. It's this big n-dimensional spectrum in which a person's location might not be fixed or even precise. Humans are complicated. And if you try to simplify them because you don't like thinking about complicated stuff, you exclude people who don't fit. Speaking of exclusion, intersectionality is also really complicated. People belong to groups that overlap. And the interests of those groups affect each other and kind of depend on each other. And it's really hard to think through the implications of all this stuff. But if we enjoy thinking about it, if we embrace the weird and the complicated and the new, then we don't just give up when the going gets tough. We do the work we need to do to make the world a more just place for everyone. And we revise our ideas as needed. If you embrace the weird, you also embrace actions that are weird, doing things you've never done before. This can give you the extra motivation you need to do difficult and scary things, like protesting or talking to your representatives or even running for office or starting an organization. All those things are hard and weird. And therefore, yeah. Let's say you don't care about truth or justice or exclusion. Even if you're totally selfish, you should want to embrace the weird. You can figure out new things about yourself by learning about unfamiliar things. I'm even more awesome than I thought I was. For example, that's me at the Seattle Pride Parade last month. I thought something was wrong with me for a really long time until I learned about a possibility that I never knew existed. If I wasn't curious, then I might never have found out about that. So now I know more about myself because I wanted to learn more about weird stuff. So here's the moral of the story. Be like Gonzo. Embrace the weird. Revise your schemas. It's good for you. It's good for everyone whose life you touch. Teach your students to embrace the weird. Teach everyone around you to embrace the weird. And I'm going to leave you with a quote from Gene Rottenberry. If we can't learn to not just tolerate the differences we find in each other, but to actually delight in them. If we can at least do that on earth, then we don't deserve to go to the stars and meet the diversity out there. And if we don't embrace the weird, we probably won't have the knowledge or maturity as a species that we need in order to get out to the stars in the first place. Therefore, everything is awesome. One more slide. Hang on a second. There we go.


Hey guys, what is up? Welcome to my channel. For today's video, I'm going to be doing a three looks one palette video using the Natasha Denona bronze palette. I never got around to doing my pomegranate divine rose two three looks one palette video. We know if you guys are still interested in that it would be a couple weeks before I can get that video up but since this is a newer palette I definitely wanted to get this one up. So I create three different looks and all three of them are pretty easy to recreate and very wearable if you ask me besides the crazy lashes you can definitely turn each look very wearable. So if you are interested in seeing how I create three looks and you can kind of get a deeper dive into the palette as well just keep watching. For this first look as you can see we're going with a simpler look. I really wanted to play with the shade bliss right here which is a little bit of a peachy color and it actually has a very slight almost green gold shift to it. So I wanted that to be the show and as you can see you can totally make this look so wearable even though some parts of that color may seem scary because I don't know if you can see it's almost like a bit of a green shift. Beautiful. So we're going to start off with the shade beach right here. I'm using a luxe 229 brush and I'm going to just apply this all over the crease as our transition color and while I'm at it I'm also just going to run this along the lower lash line and we're just going to get a base color here. Next we're going to deepen up with suntan. So suntan is going to go in the outer corner to start. I'm just using the same brush and then we're going to slowly work it basically everywhere. Now we're going to go in with magma this deepest shade and same deal. Here you really want to keep the color concentrated right in this outer corner. I'm not straying too far for this. Using my finger we're going to take bliss. I didn't get to showcase this color in my original review tutorial of this palette so that is why this look is so simple. I wanted to use the color that I was dying to use that I hadn't gotten a chance to yet and you guys see how gorgeous it is. Literally I just put it anywhere and everywhere all over my eyelid. I am going to go in with that dark shade that we just went into before though just to make things a little bit more fun and deep and put it just a touch over bliss and whatever is left over run it down here. Finally on a small brush this is from coastal scents. I'm taking rhodium and I'm just getting this on the edge of the brush so you can use whatever kind of pointy small brush that you want. I'm just running this really close to the lash line. I'm going to put a little bit of eyeliner in my waterline so I just want something deeper to make that transition smoother. I decided not to go in with the black shade because I wanted something that was just a step down from black and it added very very subtle depth so I'm going to finish the rest of my face and I will show you the whole look. Alright so here is the final look. For this look it's very wearable very everyday friendly. Everything that I'm wearing on my face will be listed in the description box below. I didn't use anything else from the bronze collection because I'm filming a different video that requires me to wear other products but it's all about the eyes in this video and I really love this one. It is so simple so pretty but there also is something special to it too so let's move on to the next look. Welcome to look number two as you can see we're going for a wearable smoky eye today so it has smoky elements but it still isn't intimidating by any means. Kaleidos S1 we are taking that sun down and I do find with this palette I'm definitely getting my use out of all of the mattes because the mattes that she has are a bit limited so I'm always reaching for the same like transition shades today because I want more of a warm pop that is what I'm applying everywhere. Taking a red for 14 brush I'm also going to run this along my lower lash line so that this baby can pop through as well. This step may be the hardest and the most nerve-wracking for me with a luxe 229 I'm taking deep dive. Now I do find that this can be very very pigmented so I'm literally doing just the lightest taps and you'll see that this color really does build up. This color also gives you fallout so just be careful and I'm slowly going to work this inwards just a little bit. I'm not going ham or with this color I'm not putting it everywhere like I said wearable smoky eye so I'm more so working on getting it diffuse out in this area and then slowly and I mean slowly working her inwards. Beautiful do you see how nice that worked out? So next we are taking rhodium I've been dying to use this as an all over lid shade. I knew this was definitely going to be one of the looks that I created you need to be careful when applying this. First of all definitely apply it with the finger if you're going to put it all over the lid this is how you are going to get the most payoff because it is a little bit more sheer it does take a little bit of building up which I think was done purposefully because this is an intimidating color so because it's more sheer you're not going to get fall out it does build up and it still stays soft which I'm very impressed by so this like I really do feel like I can wear this look out and feel comfortable so I do like the shade. I'm also pressing a really small refer number three brush in that shade and I'm going to run this long zillow lash line if you are looking to get something super smoky out of this palette forget rhodium put deep dive like right on top of that oh my goodness and then you'll get something really smoky but I like how you have this wearable sunsetty kind of option. I'm going to take a isum t05 it's just this flat definer brush and I'm dipping it into deep dive that black shade I'm doing a really subtle wing across my lash line I love this brush for shadow liner because it gives you a lot of control honestly I might just go over this with some liquid black liner but I did want to see how this black performed as an eyeliner and it did better than I thought that I would just given the texture of it it still is a soft liner I need to fill it up this side a little bit more so if you want to use this as liner it's very very soft but it works very well I'm actually going to even this out this is literally it for the shadow so I'm going to finish the rest of the look and I will be back to show you all right you guys here is the final look I will have everything else that I'm wearing on my face in my description box for you guys I found that the deep dive pulled a little bit more plum when it really kicked it on for some liner I didn't really do anything else very special I use lily lashes houston and here we are I hope you guys enjoyed this tutorial let's move on to the final and last one all right so here is the last and final tutorial I think this one might be my favorite starting off I used my kaleidos tone activator eye primer for this one for the other ones I was using mac painterly pink pot we're going to start off with the shade ridge as our transition shade I am using my kaleidos s1 which these kaleidos brushes have been my go-to lately and we're just going to put that everywhere just a really light layer as you can see luxe 229 I'm taking sunpan now for this step all you're going to do is stamp the color on the inner and outer corner of the eye and I'm not blending the color towards the middle at all I'm just blending the edges out and buffing so this might take a little bit of extra work you have to be careful and while you're at it apply same thing inner and outer corner of the lower lash line with a refer number 12 we're taking magma I wish they had a bit of a deeper shade that was a little bit more brown base that's what I feel like this palette is missing just for a little bit more of neutral depth because this provides very very warm depth and I do understand this is obviously a bronze palette but I just feel like for the looks that I've been going for I've been desiring like a really deep warm chocolate color as opposed to like this warm reddish shade so this one you're gonna have to take your time with blending so I'm going into previous brushes now to kind of work it up so I'm not working it inwards we're just working it up so the center of your lid should be completely blank okay so it looks crazy we're going to do my favorite step I'm taking palladium I'm just using my finger and you're gonna put that right on the bare spot of the lid and then very important make sure you're blending it high even with those crease colors you'll see why in a second with an esum t09 I'm giving that to the center too and then use kind of your finger after you've gotten most of the product off and blend it into the matte shades with the original crease brush kind of diffuse that shimmer out for the final touch to make this look really special take true copper on your finger and it is such a silky smooth color you guys and I'm applying true copper to the center of the lid but only on that lid area you want to leave palladium up here to kind of blow out into that more neutral color so it's going from copper to neutral then tip of my small brush just applying that pretty close to the lower lash line I love this all right so I'm gonna do liner lashes blush all of that and I'll be back for the final review all right guys so here's the final look so for this last and final look I actually had the opportunity to also use the bronze cheek face glow palette I just used these three shades so this was my blush this was my highlight base and this was my highlight I saw the same feelings that I did in my review I don't really like this but the finish and the color does complement the palette itself I also have the tan nude lip euphoria on my lips as well so everything else on my face of course will be listed down below but I think this one is my favorite look that I've created with this palette so far there's a lot of other looks I want to create I will say because I did get a lot of questions a lot of the looks that you create with this palette they definitely do look the same for me that's okay because I love the looks that it creates and because I am so picky with my makeup and I look so closely into makeup I feel like the looks look different but in the grand scheme of things you get a bronze look so I hope you guys enjoyed this video if you recreate any of these looks be sure to tag me or send a picture on Instagram I love it when you guys recreate my looks it makes my day if you aren't subscribed to my channel already I would love it if you would take the time to do so I have a lot more fun content coming for you guys and I will see you guys in the next one bye guys have a good one


Hi, my name is Prabhakar, I am with IIT Kanpur, welcome to this lecture on data management. We will have a quick look into what is a DBMS. Here is a simplified model of a computer, there is a central processing unit, there is a memory here and there is a disk. Programs and data are sitting on the disk, they are brought into the main memory, this part and the CPU executes these programs. And after the execution is over, some of the data is written back onto the disk. Now the thing with this is, if you want the data to persist after the program finishes execution or when the computer is turned off, you will have to put it on the disk. If the data is sitting in the main memory, it will go away when you turn the power off or when the program terminates. The disk is a persistent data store, the main memory is not, typically it is made of magnetic storage or these days you get solid state disks and when you put it on a disk, you get persistence. So here I have a set of abstractions on what happens on the disk and in the computer. So we know that everything is represented as a set of 0's and 1's, when it is on the disk, it is a string of 0's and 1's. Now there is a file manager which looks at these 0's and 1's and gives an abstraction of a set of files, it clunks them together saying these are one file, these sets of 0's and 1's are another file and so on. So at this level, I have a sequence of files, I can look at them as files, you all know about this right, when you use the disk explorer, you can see various files and directories and so on. Now some of these files may be documents, may be word documents or spreadsheets and so on. So we need a word processor to be able to figure out that it is a document to see and manipulate. Similarly, some of them may be images, may be JPEG images or something else and some other software is needed to figure out that this file is storing an image. And then we have something like language processors, the program, the file may be a program and a language processor will understand that this is a program written in a programming language and then compile it and execute it and so on. So this is another piece of software I use to manipulate my files. And then there is this thing called database management system which can take a file and provide you an abstraction of a DBMS. So the database management system is the software which can interpret the strings of zeros and ones that are written on the disk as values which you and I can understand. So essentially it is some software to manage data. It will allow you to store and retrieve data from the disk. The disk is very critical, efficiently, means without spending too much time and as you would accept it's a very essential part of any application. If the data I manage, process, input, type in and so on is not available when I come back tomorrow, the application is no good. We have seen in the web lecture, this is the architecture of a website and there is this database sitting at the back, deep inside, storing all the important and relevant information and history. So what does a DBMS do? Basically it stores and retrieves data. You can write into the DBMS and read from the DBMS. This is the simplest of things that it does. There is another complicated function that it does. Let's say two people simultaneously want to read or write into the disk. To give an example, there is one ticket, a train ticket from Delhi to Kanpur. Two people want to buy that. I have to permit only one person to buy the ticket. I can't issue the ticket to both people. So this is called concurrent access. So a DBMS engine has built in mechanisms to permit multiple people to access simultaneously. The third function that a DBMS does is to recover from crashes. Why this is what we mean is you know computer systems fail, the hard disk crashes and power goes off in between. Sometimes the software crashes. But if I have bought a train ticket, it should not happen because the computer has crashed, my reservation is lost. There should be a mechanism to recover. Or let's say I am transferring money from this account to that account. In the middle of this transfer, if the power fails, the money either should be transferred or not transferred at all. You cannot deduct money from my account and not add it to your account. Either you do not deduct from my account at all or if you deduct, then you should add. And in between if there is a crash, you have to make sure that either it is not deducted at all or it is transferred from my account to your account. So these are very important functions of a database engine. And this is essentially what it does.  It takes a huge amount of code and competence to build a database engine. So when data is stored in a computer, it is stored as a set of relations. This is called a relational model. These database engines typically are relational database engines. Now relations are like nothing but tables. Here is an example. Let's say I have an organization, there are employees in the organization. I want to store their data in the DBMS. So I create a table, a relation called employee. Now this employee relation has these kinds of information. It stores employee number, the name of the employee, the department in which the employee is working, and the date of joining. So here if you see, 221 is the employee number. Deepak is the name of the employee. He works in media technologies and he joined in 2007. So I have a large number of records like this. So this is called a table or a relation. So one row in the relation is called a tuple. And these columns are called attributes. So a relation will have many attributes and a large number of tuples or rows in it.  Any organization will have a large number of tables. It will have information about employees. It will have information about inventory it has. It will have information about the projects, the number of rooms. It has what each room has and so on as an example. So a DBMS stores data in a set of tables. This is also called a schema. Suppose I have data in the DBMS, how do I write programs for it? You know some programming languages, right? You must have heard of them at least, C, Java, basic and so on. So DBMS is used something called SQL. People pronounce it as SQL, it stands for structured query language. Let's see an example of how SQL works. It's quite a simple language actually. Let's say I have this employee table and I want to find out who are the employees working in the DevOps department. So I can write a query like this. Select the name of the employee from the employee table where the department value equals to DevOps. Select name from employee where department equals to DevOps. So what does this query do? It goes and looks at the table. Checks for all those rows where the department value is DevOps. So these three rows qualify. The first and the second row do not qualify. So I get the answer as Revati, Gaurav and Sunil. So this is how you can extract information from the database. So shall I give you a small homework? So write an SQL query to select the employees whose employee number is 221, who are the employees whose employee number is 221? What would be the SQL query? If you look at the DBMS software, there are a large number of software which allow you to build and manage database management systems. So the relational database management systems are the ones which have been invoked for a long time and typically when we say DBMS we mean a relational database, I have a small list here. MySQL is probably very, very popular and large number of people know about it. This is an open source free database. MariaDB is open source and free. It's a fork out of MySQL. They're almost similar. Then SQLite is a database you will see on your Android phones, for example. Ingress, Postgres are also very well known database engines which have been around for a while. These are commercial database management systems. Oracle, DB2 and SQL server. This is from Microsoft. This is from IBM and this is from Oracle Corporation. A database engine actually is a very sophisticated piece of software and it's very expensive. These days, people are talking about no SQL database management systems. In the last few years, especially when data has become very big and e-commerce and web-based systems are coming into place. These are some examples of no SQL databases, MongoDB, CouchDB, Neo4j and so on. But today when we say a database, we mean a relational database and these are the major relational database products. So that's a quick introduction to what is a database engine. Thank you.


Why would you choose Moodle for your own organisation? Well, I find the right notes. But it was a pretty easy choice, mostly because we were already using Moodle for our student-facing system, so if you've already got experience in running Moodle platforms, and you've got developers and administrators, then this might be the right choice for you, because you haven't got to learn a new system. Dyna roeddwn ni'n digwydd i'r bair o gychareddau sydd chi'n gwasanaethol o'r prosiect y peth o luddiwyllu'r Llan oherwydd sy'n clyfu ym jeimlo gofa i ddechrau fel mae'n cyfnod i ddefnyddiaeth i gydigio bod hynny mynd i gydigio y peth yma sydd fyddai chi'n certyni i'r berthynas gyd-igaf. Felly roeddwn ni'n cael ei brydau bod y peth o hynny yn gilydd o'r sarchfos o'r holl slowing Ond mae'r cîl drws am i fod yn ddoeithio. Yn ni'n dwi'n ddelwyd haf iefost gyda'r awr bod mae gennym gweithio yn nhw'n ddoeithio.りwch pan wedyn wrth hynny yn y ddigon i'r cyfan mor golygu, ac mae'r ddysgu hefyd yn ddweud hynny ddysgu'r ysgol ei feddwl, yw'n ymgyrch i'n bwysig ac mae hynny'n gweithio gael y ligwydd ar rydych yn dweud. Ond os iddyn ni'n ddweud bod gyda'r cyfan. Yn ni'n ddweud hynny'n gweithio. I asked before I wrote these slides, I asked Mina and Clay from the OpenCourseWare consortium who already uses Moodle and the list was so long I couldn't fit everybody on these slides, so apologies if you're watching this out there and your project that's an OpenCourseWare in Moodle isn't on this list, they just didn't all fit and I was amazed at the number of people that were doing this. So there's plenty of sources of support out there if you're interested. When you first install Moodle it sets itself up as if you're going to be charging for courses and registering students and knowing who their tutors are going to be and so there are a few key changes that you will probably want to make in order to make your site more suitable for OpenCourseWare and the key ones are these on the screen here, self-service basically so that people can enroll themselves on courses and register on your site on their own without any administration being involved and also allowing search engines into the site and extending what guests and self-registered people can do through those permission structures that we looked at just a moment ago. So these screenshots here show you roughly what that looks like. The top one is the registration form for a teacher training site but I also run here and the bottom half is the self-enrolment onto a course screen and under payment it's simply a click here to join button. There are other things of course that you will want to add to make the most of your OpenCourseWare in Moodle. One is to make it look really nice with an enticing graphic design and you're going to want to do things to make sure that your site is well found by search engines. We upload a site map to Google for example once a week and you might well want to use redirects to make the horrible looking Moodle URLs much more friendly and keyword rich because that encourages search engines to promote them further up the listings. It's also a good idea to create RSS feeds of all of your course materials and this will allow you to provide your RSS feeds of courses into OER aggregation services like OER recommender and CC learn so that more materials can be found with all of the others. Moodle doesn't do any of these things for free unfortunately at the moment but the RSS feeds are coming in Moodle 2.0 and I'll talk a little more about that in just a moment. Finally the other thing that Moodle isn't is a production system and so you're probably going to want some kind of process and systems in place for getting your materials from your authors and onto your Moodle platform. Okay so this is an example of the range of graphic designs that are out there and I did this quickly off of the list of open courseware sites that use Moodle already. One of the complaints that you often hear about Moodle is all the sites look the same don't they? Well I think this clearly shows that they don't so some of these look so unlike Moodle but I actually had to dig quite deep to make sure that they were really Moodle sites before I put them on the screen. I was quite impressed with the range of designs available. Now there are a few extensions that I'd like to recommend to you that you can just install into the basic Moodle product that are really really good for open courseware. One of them is the open share module which was created by Jared Stein at Utah Valley and this allows you to declare on an asset by asset basis inside each course the reference for each piece of material and its level of openness which is open or closed obviously and that because you can do that on an asset by asset basis you can include your open materials right alongside your standard course materials all on the one platform which makes maintenance a good deal easier for you and the other useful extension is the course ratings block which is a sort of five star amazon style approval so that your users can tell each other which are the best courses on your site and this is one that I created so we have this one on open learn. I should have said as well actually in terms of useful extensions a brief preview of what's coming soon in Moodle 2.0. Moodle 2 will be released sometime this year there's no clear date for it yet and one of the things that we've contributed are the RSS lists of courses so that that's much more useful for open course websites but there's also a concept called community hubs which is being built and this is really key for open course where it's somewhere we can really participate because the idea is it's a place where teachers can share their courses with each other and the whole interface that's being built allows you to publish your courses from your Moodle onto the community hub and make them available for others and finally I'd just like to mention the Moodle demo site which is at demo.moodle.net and that's got a core course competition running at the moment and all of those courses have been licensed under creative commons. Okay so that's enough of me talking and if you want to continue thinking about Moodle for your open course web then there are two more key places to get help one is the open course web consortium which have an off the expert service or at conferences and there's plenty on their website with technical help or you can use the Moodle community and there are forums there general developer forums using Moodle forums. I hang out in both these places so if you're asking open course web questions I'll tend to pick them up. I'm going to stop talking now and ask if anyone has any questions or comments about your use of Moodle that I'd really like to hear.


From VOA Learning English, this is the Technology Report. High-tech companies are developing the next generation of products that will help us drive cars, do our shopping, and even care for our children. The technology company Intel recently held a demonstration of some of its new devices in San Francisco. One device measured how alert a driver was. Sensors connected to the driver's head measured brain activity. Cameras placed on the car's dashboard measured eye movement. Justin Ratner works at Intel Labs. He says the devices measure how much of the brain is occupied while the person is driving. Devices like these, he says, will make driving safer. Another experimental Intel technology links cars electronically to help prevent crashes. When the driver of the car in front signals a turn or slows down, an alert message is sent to the car in back. There was also a demonstration of a virtual computer. The computer was projected onto the table from a controller hidden in a flower pot. Sensors read the movements of the user's hands so there was no need for a mouse or other handheld device. This technology could be used in everyday situations. At a market, sensors and computer chips placed in products could help shoppers find the items they want to buy. For example, the technology could help them avoid foods that could cause an allergic reaction. Cameras and sensors are already available to help parents watch their children. In the future, other equipment will monitor a baby's health and mood. And security systems are being improved and simplified with face recognition software instead of complicated passwords. For VOA Learning English, I'm Alex Villareal.


Hello and welcome back to theCUBE's coverage of KubeCon, CloudNativeCon 2021. I'm John Furrier, host of theCUBE with David Nicholson, our cloud host, analyst, and it's exciting to be back in person in an event. So we're back, it's been two years with KubeCon and Linus Foundation. So it's a great big hybrid event. And we have a great guest here, CUBE alum and Nick Durkin, field CTO of Harness and harness.io's, the URL, love the .io. Good to see you. Thank you guys for having me on. I genuinely appreciate it. Thanks for coming on. You were a part of our AWS startup showcase, which you guys were featured as a fast growing, mature company as cloud scales.  But now we're in reality now, right? Okay, CloudNative has kind of like, okay, we don't have to sell it anymore. People buying into it and now operationalizing it with cloud operations, which means you're running stuff, applications, and infrastructure as code. And it costs money. Yeah, Martín Casada at the Antries and the Horses. Oh, repatriate from the cloud. So there's a lot of, there's some cost conversations starting to happen. This is what you guys are in the middle of. Yeah, absolutely. What's interesting is when you think about it today, when you want to shift left, when you want to empower all the engineers, when you want to empower people, we're not giving them the data they need, right? They get a call from the CFO 30 days later, as opposed to actually being able to look at what change I did and how it actually affected. And this is what we're bringing and allowing people to have is now really empowering. So throughout the whole software delivery lifecycle, from CI, continuous integration, continuous delivery, feature flagging, and now even bringing cost modeling and cloud cost management. And even then being able to shut down the services that you're not using. How much of that is waste? We talk about it at every single cloud conference, it's how much is waste. And so being able to actually turn those on, use those accordingly, and then take advantage of even the cheapest instances when you should, that's really what we're trying to provide. It's so funny, people almost trip over dollars to pick up pennies in the cloud business because they're so focused on innovation that they go, okay, we got to just innovate at all costs, but at some point, you can make it productive for the developers in process in the pipeline to actually manage this. That's exactly it. I mean, if you think about it, to me, in order to reach, say, continuous delivery, we have to automate everything. But that doesn't mean stop at just delivering to production. That means to customer, which means we've got to make them happy. But then ultimately, all of those resources in dev, in QA, in staging, in UAT, we have to take care of those as well. And if we're not being mindful of it, the costs are astronomical. And we've seen it time and time again with every company. You've seen every article about how they've blown through all their budgets. So bringing it to the people that can affect change, that's really the difference. Making it visible, looking at it in depth, not just at the cloud level and all the spend there, but also even at the, think about it at the Kubernetes level, down to the containers, the pods and understanding where are the resources even inside of the clusters and bringing that as an aggregate, not just for visibility and giving recommendations, but now more importantly, because it's part of a pipeline, start taking action. That's where it's interesting. It's not just about being able to see it and understand it and hope, right? Hope's not a strategy. Acting upon it is what makes it valuable and that's part of the automate everything piece. Yeah, well, at the dawn of the age of DevOps, there was a huge incentive for a developer just to get their job done to seize control of infrastructure. The idea of infrastructure as code, you know, when it was being born, it's fantastic. I've always wondered though, be careful what you wish for. Do you really want all of that responsibility? So we've got responsibility from a compliance and security perspective and of course cost. So where do we go from here? I guess is the question. Yeah, so when we look at building this all together, I think when we think about software delivery, everybody wants to go fast. We start with velocity, right? And everybody says, that's where I want to go. And to your point with governance, compliance, the next roadblock to hit is weight. In order to go fast, I have to do it appropriately. I've got governing bodies that tell me how this has to work. And that becomes a challenge. It slows it down too. It does.  This general sentiment is that developers are moving fast with their code and then they have to stop. Compliance has to give the green light, sometimes days. Correct. It used to be weeks, now it's days. It's still unacceptable. So there's like this always been that tension between the security groups or say IT or finance was like, slow down. And they actually want to go faster. So that has to be policy based something. Yep. What is your take on that? My take on this is pretty simple. When everybody's talking about people, process and technology, it's kind of bogus, right? It's all about confidence. If you're confident that your developers can deploy appropriately and they're not going to do something wrong, you'll let them deploy all the time. Well, that requires process. But if you have tooling that literally guarantees your governance, make sure that at no point in time can any of your developers actually do something wrong. Now you have something. That's the key. That's the key. Giving them a policy based guardrails to execute in their programming moment. And that's it. So now you can free up all those pieces. So all those bottlenecks, all those waiting all those time. And this is how all of our customers, they move from change advisory boards that approve deployments to change. Give us some customer anecdotal examples of this in action and kind of the love letters you get or the kudos. Yeah, the delighted customer. Sure. Take us through a use case of how it all plays out. So this is one of my favorites. So NCR, national cash register, if you slide a credit card at like a Chick-fil-A or a Safeway, right? Traditional technology. But what was interesting is they went from doing PCI audits, which would take seven days to go to a PCI audit, right now with Harness because every- And by the way, when you in the sixth day, the things that you did on day one changed. Exactly. Exactly. And so now because they're using Harness and everything's audited and all the changes are controlled to make sure that developers again can only do what they're allowed. They only get to progress to production if they've met all their security requirements, all their compliance requirements, all their quality checks. Now, because of that, they literally gave a read-only view of Harness to their auditor and in three hours it was over. And it's because now we're that evidence file from code commit through to production, it's their fault. Point of sale compliance. Right. So what's the benefits to them? What's the result? Saves them time, saves them money. What's the- Sure. They get to free up more times. Obviously they chopped it down, that's key. Yeah. That's actually something we didn't build in like our ROI calculators, which was we talked to their engineers and we gave them their nights and their weekends back, which I thought was amazing. But Thursday night when we're doing that deploy, they don't have to be up. Harness is actually managing and understanding, using machine learning to understand what normal looks like so they don't have to.  Yeah. Right. And then when those things break, same concept, right? So Harness gets up. So I got to ask you while I got you here. You know, as the software developer, delivery lifecycle is radically being overhauled right now, which people generally agree that that's the case. The old models are different. How do you see your vision around AI and automation playing into this? Because you could say, okay, we're going to have different kinds of coding styles. This batch has got an AI block here. It's very Lego block like. Yep. Okay, services and higher level services in the cloud. What's your reaction to how this impacts automation AI? Sure. So throughout our entire platform, we've designed our AI to take care of the worst parts of anyone's job. Ask any DevOps person if they love babysitting deployments. They don't. Harness handles that for them. Ask your engineers if they love sitting there waiting for their tests to run. Every time they build, they go get coffee, right? Because we're waiting for all of our tests to run. Why? Right, the reality is. And sometimes they have to wait days. And that's it. But like if I changed a gas cap on your car, would you expect me to check every light switch and every electronic piece? No. But why do we do that with code? And so our AI, our ML, is designed to remove all the things that people hate. It's not to remove people's jobs. It's actually to make their jobs much better. How do you guys feed the data? What's the training algorithm for that? How does that work? Yeah, actually it's interesting. A lot of people think it's going to take a ton of time to figure this out. The good news is we start seeing this on the second deployment, on the second build. We have to have a baseline of what good looks like. And that's where it starts. And it goes from there. And by the way, this isn't, a lot of people say AI and they say ML. I teach a class on this because ML is not standard deviation. It's not some checks. So we use a massive amount of machine learning. But we have neural networks to think about things like engineers do. Like if we looked at a log and I saw the same log with two different user IDs, you and I would know, well it's the same thing, it's just different users. But machine learning models don't. So we've got to build neural networks to actually think like humans so that we can provide it for them. So that's the whole expectation, maximization kind of concept that people talk about? Well that's it because at the end of the day, like I said, I'm not trying to take people's jobs. I want to make their jobs easier.  And I add to other redundant heavy lifting that they have to do every single time. That's the cloud way. We built mechanical muscle in the early 1900s, right? And it made everyone's jobs easier. It allowed them to do more with their time. That's exactly what we're doing here. I mean we've seen the big old guys in the industry trying to evolve. You got the hot startups coming out.  Classic thing we've been seeing for many years, David on theCUBE, you know that. So it's like, this is a moment of truth. We're going to see who comes out the other side. How do you, Nick, what would you be your kind of guess of when that other side is? When are we going to know the winners and the losers? Truly in the sense of where we are now? So I think what I've found is that in this space, specifically, there's a constant shift. And this is something with software. And the problem is that we see them come and ebb and flows, right? And very few times are there businesses that actually carry the model. And what you find is that when they focus on one specific problem, it solves it now. If I was working on VMs a few years ago, great. But now we're here at KubeCon, right? And that's because it's eaten, eaten that side of the world. And so I think it's the companies that can actually grow the test of time and continue to expand to where the problems are. And that's one of the things that I traditionally think about harness when we've done it. We cover our customers where they were, like the old mainframes that we had to, where they were, where they are at their traditional, their VMs and where they're going. I mean, if you think about it, I think it's one of these things where it's like, that's such a common sense way to look at it, involves where the problems are, ride the right tech ways. But if you think about the high order bit here, it's just applications. I mean, at the end of the day, companies have applications that they want to write. Modern, the applications of their business is going to be codified. So that if you just work backwards from there, then you say, okay, what is the infrastructure as code working for me? That's an ethos of DevOps. And that's where we're at. So that's why I think the cloud need is kind of one already, but we still have the edge devices, more complexity. This is a huge next level conversation. At one point, we just put a hard and top on the complexity. When is that coming? Because the developers are clear, they want to go fast, they want to go shift left and have all that data, get the right analytics, the telemetry and the AI, but it's too complicated still. This is a big problem. It's too complicated. You're asking for a full stack developer to also know infrastructure, to also know edge computing. Like, it's impossible, right? And this is where tooling helps, right? Because if you can actually parameterize that and make it so the engineer doesn't have to care, they can do what they're best at. Hey, I'm great at turning code into artifact. Let them do that and have tooling take care of the rest. This is where our goal is. Again, allow people to do what they love. And this is kind of the new roles that are changing. Look at what SRE has done. Everyone talks about the SRE and some say it's just as the DevOps guy, but it's not just that. There's also different roles emerging. It's an architectural game at this point. You would say, would you say? I'd say a hundred percent. And this is where the decisions that you make on architecturally, if you don't know how to then roll them out, this is what we've seen time and time again. You go to these large companies, I've got these great architectures on plan and four years later, we haven't reached it. Because to that point, they've gone- They cut the process. The process killed them. Four different new tools throughout the process as well. So when do we hit peak Kubernetes? Peak Kubernetes. I think we have a bit to go in and I'm excited about the networking space and really what we're doing there and bringing that holistic portion of the network. When Istio was originally released, I thought that was one of the most amazing things to truly come to it. And I think there's a vast space in networking. And so I think in the next few years, we're going to see this turn into that a hundred percent utilized across the board. This will be that where everyone's workloads continue to exist, somewhat like VMs were in the past. And no fear of developers as code in the very near future. You're talking about automating the mundane. Correct. There have been stories recently about the three day work week. As a fan of utopian science fiction myself, as opposed to dystopian. Absolutely. I think that technology does have the opportunity to lift all boats. And it's nothing to be afraid of. The fact that I put my dishes in the dishwasher and they run by themselves for three hours, it's a good thing. It's a great thing. I don't need to deal with that. Agreed. No, I think that's, and that's what I said in the beginning, right? That's really where we can start empowering people. So allow them to do what they're good at, do what they're best at. And if you look at why do people quit, we demo up to people who are so hard to find. Yeah. Why? Because they're second target babysitting deployments and they're told everywhere they go they're not going to have to. That's the line. And that's the line. All right, we've got to break, but it's great insight to have you on the queue. One final question for you. I got to ask about the whole data as code.  And as infrastructure as code, we get that. But data is now the resource everyone needs. And everyone's trying, I had a control plane for this and that, but ultimately data cannot be siloed. This is a critical architectural element. How does that get resolved in the land of competitive advantage and lock in and whatnot? What's your take on that? So data is an interesting one because it has gravity. And this is the problem. And as we move, as I think you guys know, as you move to the edge, as we move at places, there's insights to be taken at the edge. There's insights to be taken as it moves through. And I think what you'll see honestly going forward is you'll see compute done differently. To your point, it needs to be aggregated. It needs to be able to be used together. But I think you'll see people computing it on its way through it. So now even in transport, you'll start seeing insights gained in real time before you can have the larger insights. And I see that happening more and more. And I think ultimately we just want to empower that. Nick, great to have you on CTO, Field CTO of Harness and harness.io's URL. Check it out. Thanks for the insight. Thank you so much. Great comment there. I genuinely appreciate it. A natural cube analyst right here, Nick. Of course, we've got our analysts right here. David Nicholson. Working me out of a job. You're good on your own. I'm John Furrier, you know me and the host. Thanks for watching. Stay with two more days of coverage. We'll be back after this short break.


Hi, my name is Richard Walters. In this demonstration, we're gonna look at project automation and this covers areas like constraints, lag and lead, as well as setting the project start date. In this demonstration, we're gonna look at automation within Microsoft Project, looking at three automated features, namely the project start or finish date, lag and lead time, as well as constraints. We're gonna start off the project start, finish date. So here we've got a start date of the 6th of November, 2023, so the 6th of the 11th, 23. We're gonna update this to the 4th of the 12th, 23. So the news is that there's a news project start date. So project tab, this time project information and the start date we're gonna update to the 4th of the 12th. And then when we click okay, you'll see all the dates will now align with this new start date. Now this is only available in auto-scheduling, so manual-scheduling, this to start date change wouldn't affect any manual-scheduling tasks. And there we go. Next automation we're gonna look at is a constraint. So we're gonna say here that the engineer manager is unavailable for work due to long-term illness. So we're gonna put a constraint in to say we're gonna delay it by six weeks in this example. So we're now going to go to the task affected, which is ID one design job specification. I'm gonna double left click. Add the constraint using the advanced. Come down to constraint type. As soon as possible means no constraint and this is the method you also use if you wanna remove a constraint. In this example, ours is start now early then. Whenever I'm doing this kind of work, I always look at the start date of the task, which is the 4th of the 12th. And I'm gonna count forward six weeks. So one, two, three, four. It's the 15th of January. I'm gonna put a note in as well to say the engineer manager is on long-term illness. The minute we click okay now, we'll watch all the dates change in the task when we'll move out now to the new date I've selected and every other date will be delayed. And there we go. We've now gone out to the 15th of the first and we've now got the little indicators in the information column. And there's your constraint and there's your note. There's the reason for it. The final automation when you look at this example is the lag and lead. So lag means you're lagging behind schedule, lead means you're pulling ahead. So the task can either be in lag or in lead. So for this to be used, there's gotta be a link going on between two tasks. So here the first interview and the second interview are linked together. It's the second interview that's affected. So I'm gonna double left click the second interview. Gonna go to the predecessors section. And your lag and lead is in the far right column. Zero lag. They both get put in the same place. So a lag if you're lagging behind is a positive number and a lead if you're pulling ahead is a negative number. We'll try both with a two day lag firsts or two. And what will happen with this two day lag? It'll change the finished date. It'll change the duration of the project from 56 days to 58 days. It won't change the six days duration of the second interview, but it gives you another indicator to show you what's happened. I'll demonstrate this shortly. Okay, right. So there's the 58 days now. Didn't change the second interview, but what it does do in the predecessors column, it tells you plus two, because that is lagging behind. So that's where it does tell you against that one task. So it's a plus two, but it doesn't change the duration of the task. We'll apply the same method now for a lead pull ahead minus two this time. Okay, and there's gone to 54 days. It's taking two days off minus two this time. And sometimes when you do this kind of work, you might get a resource conflict, which we're seeing here, which I demonstrate in other videos. But this is now lag and lead and how this works, as well as the automation areas we also covered, which was project start date, constraints, and finally now lag and lead. This completes the demonstration on project automation. See you in the next video.