All right, I am live on Facebook Facebook live on the Facebook mentions, so I Using my iPhone this is a neat new feature that Facebook has and let me see here Okay, there's comments people are free to ask questions. Okay doesn't go sideways. It's only a vertical app Okay, got it straight Got it straight. Okay, so people are I'm just gonna try this out. This is a new feature. It's Facebook live It's sort of like Google Hangouts step is just one way only Jeff Tucker introduced me to it and suggested I try this. I am on my iPhone. I'm using a Regular mic your bud mic I was actually gonna use this because you can plug it into a USB adapter to the iPhone But my iPhone is almost out of power. So that lightning port is taken anyway, so I'm looking forward to anyone typing questions Where you have nine viewers, I guess it's gonna start growing I had mentioned this the other day and some people had suggested some questions So I'll go ahead and start with some of those. I did a show with Tom Woods the other day on Libertarian theory of non the non-aggression principle and we're trying to rebut some of the opposition Some of the arguments against it some of the criticisms of the non-aggression principle I think the show was pretty popular. We did a good job It was only 30 minutes. We only had so much time in the meantime some people like Scott Bowers and others told me that I speak really fast For a southerner I guess or just in general, I don't know and that is probably true So maybe I need to slow down sometimes. I don't know just my style especially when I know I had a clock and I only have so much time to speak and in any case I actually had not had much time to prepare on the Issues that Tom and I were going to discuss just because of the way we did it at the last minute So I think I could have been more prepared But anyway, I was pretty happy with it. One of my friends Sebastian Ortiz mentioned that Excuse me He mentioned that he thinks at the end I shouldn't have implied that my views on the positive obligations parents arguably have towards children is I guess plumb line Libertarianism, Rothbardianism. I didn't mean to I think I Pretty clear that Rothbard and Walter Block for example have a different view on that It's just my personal view and it's not that fleshed out But I've written on it and I'm leaning that way and we put it that way But I also agree that children's The rights of children as against their parents is not really practically that enforceable in most cases you can't Have a legal system or a court compel a parent to be a good parent So it's not really that practical of a right to have or practical of an obligation to have but it does have it could have some legal implications Someone else on another thread on Facebook when I mentioned I might do this a few days ago Asked me to address Let's see here. I'm looking on Facebook. It's on Facebook now I'm not sure where the comments are supposed to show up Jeff told me they showed up on the iPhone If anyone's typing comments, I do not see any comments, and I'm not sure why let me click on the comments button No, they're hidden Maybe no one's typing comments If anyone could just type a test comment. I see if it comes up. Oh, okay. There we go. I see a join message so Let me hit this button. Okay, that just turns the camera around Okay, it's pretty cool feature. I gotta say I See your comments Shawn White just posted a comment, but it's on Oh now I see it. Okay. Yeah, it's working. So good So if anyone wants to type a question, I'd be happy to address it any libertarian theory issue Anything you want me to Go into I'd be happy to one person said they wished in the Tom Woods video that I had Discussed the issue of verbal threats in more detail Let me let me just point out something. I think in the Yeah thumbs up. Hey Jack my Jack my buddy Jack Chris just joined too Jack you need to try this feature out. It's pretty cool. So The issue of verbal threats, when do they arise rise to the level of aggression Here's how I look at it In the law in the common law and in the civil law the two major legal systems There is a a type of crime called Assault now most people are familiar with the term assault and battery And we use that sort of to describe when someone beats someone else up But technically in the law The offensive touching is the battery Okay, thumbs up on jack's point pro thing An offensive touching is a battery and that can include by the way noxious gas or fumes Any any basically physical interference with someone's body that they don't appreciate An offensive touching and of course including more serious touchings like hitting someone in the face or stabbing them or shooting them Or molesting them or whatever That's battery assault is coupled with battery because assault Is related to it But it is separate Assault is defined in the law Now i'm just telling you what it's defined in the positive law then we can discuss whether that should be also a type of crime in libertarianism um Assault Is the is one of two things. It's the It's the um The attempt To commit a battery now since battery is an intentional action Every time you batter someone you always assaulted them because you have to intend to batter them to actually intentionally batter them So every time you batter someone there's always there's also assault of that type the first type Intention the intent or the attempt to batter someone But if you if you try to hit someone That's assault, but it's not battery because you didn't succeed, but it's still assault It's an attempt at battering someone Okay Now the other question i'm going to have is can i scroll down on these comments? Oh, i can good so i can see the ones that go by that i'm not talking about now Hello, sebastian. I see you've joined. I just mentioned you earlier um Now the other type of assault in the law is um intentionally placing someone in in Fear of receiving a battery. So the example i gave in tom woods is the classical example in the law If i have a friend who's sleeping And i swing and axe at their head trying to kill them, but i miss That is assault of the first type. It's an attempt at battery and that is a crime in the law And i think it should be a crime in libertarian law too and i can explain why if I have a friend and i point a blank gun at them and i pretend to pull the trigger or i pull the trigger and I make them believe i'm about to shoot them But it's really an unloaded gun or it's a fake gun And i know this but they don't then it's not really an attempted murder, but it is still Placing the victim in in fear reasonably placed in reasonable fear of receiving a battery and that is also a crime under under most Western legal systems that i i understand at least the civil law in louisiana so I i think of those both as types of threat and so the question is why in libertarianism would a threat Be a crime and then you can go you can use that to other other cases like stalking Right or verbal threats Why should these or should they be considered? Aggression under libertarianism and i think they should i actually think the common law crimes of assault of both types Are species of aggression and the common law is right to classify them as types of crimes And the reason i give is something i go into in some of my writings like my my 19 i think 95 If you go to my website stephanconcella.com you'll see i have some articles from the journal libertarian studies And one in the loyal of los angeles law review on a stop-all and a punishment A theory of rights a libertarian theory of rights based upon a stop-all and punishment And i go into examples there about why we would consider assault or threats Including some verbal threats and including stalking to be types of aggression and the basic answer is in my view is that My thinking of rights the non-aggression principle as first formulated for libertarians is that you have the right to You don't have the right to initiate force against others But you do have the right to retaliate against others And you see there's a certain symmetry there the symmetry is that force is permissible only if it's in response to force But if someone did not use force against you you can't use force against them If they just insult you with their words then you can insult them back with your words So there's again a type of symmetry, but you can't use force to stop them from insulting you Etc There are some interesting side cases or not really exceptions. They sound like exceptions at first But like i believe for example The the traditional doctrine of fighting words is not completely a libertarian that is that Certain words you say to someone are so provocative that if they sock you in the jaw because they're upset then it's not really a crime Now I think you could actually score that with libertarian doctrine based upon sort of an implied consent notion. So for example If if two boxers going to the ring to box then they both assented or consented to receiving each other's blows if a girl Leans her head towards her boyfriend to kiss him then she's consenting towards him actually kissing her So there are certain things you can do that demonstrate your consent Playing football etc two guys in a bar. They get upset with each other.  You're you're you're you're saying you're saying in unspoken language Let's go fight So if he punches you I don't think it's unconsented to or you could argue that So it's not that fighting words justify violence or that speech justifies violence is that certain actions and types of speech Manifest your consent to being hit being kissed whatever So anyway, that's a tangent, but in any case before I go further Let me see what some of the questions are. Sebastian says how much what percentage of the legal categories or principles of the positive law would go away by implementing libertarian law I think the answer today would be far different than the answer from 200 years ago say 200 years ago the great bulk of The positive law that is the law actually enforced in most legal systems. Let's say the the great western systems England Europe the great bulk of that law was was private law. There was some public international law Which I think is also largely compatible with international with libertarian principles There were some so so-called public law like exceptions from private law By private law, we mean all the law that governs relations between private individuals. So that would include contract law property theory Law about marriage of ownership of children inheritance law torts and even private crime That great body of law that developed in the last couple of thousand years in the roman system in the common law system in england Up until a couple hundred years ago Was largely Largely compatible with libertarianism. I'd say a good at least half maybe 75 80 80 percent maybe more would compatible with what you would It seems like a reasonable working out of the abstract libertarian principles put it that way Um, and the exceptions would be public law exceptions giving the king or the crown certain exceptions the right of imminent domain Uh, exempting the exempting the the actors of the state from the operation of the law with sovereign immunity The kind of thing that bosquiat complained about um So accepting the public law the state exceptions, um You know conscription The rules of war things like that So i would say the great bulk of the private law was Was very compatible with libertarian principles because it was a spinning out of Intuitive principles of justice and property rights that everyone faces practically on a day-to-day basis And the mission of these courts And the mission of the law finders in roam The mission was to try to find a resolution to a situation compatible with justice try to find the just for the right result They didn't always succeed. They weren't always guided by purely libertarian principles There was there were sometimes legislative encroachments or sometimes pressure by the crown But by and large the rules they did develop over time that were systematized and codified by private codifiers Like justinian was a really private but okay. It was A codification of what had gone before napoleon blackstone coke The restatements of the law in the u.s um These principles are largely compatible, but since about a hundred years ago We've had legislation has risen to become a dominant if not the dominant source of private law in most developed legal systems so basically the the the private under framework of Property rights and private law that was developed more or less in a libertarian way has been gradually supplanted by huge legislative and statutory schemes and regulations Promulgated by administrative agencies of these bureaucratic states that we have now So I would say right now. I mean the code of federal regulations in the u.s. Which is just the administrative regulations and the the The united states code u.s.c. Which is the codification of all Congressional legislation that's still in force Are huge thousands and thousands and thousands of pages And those regulate more and more areas of private law and life so We're to the point now where A much higher percentage of what's called positive law the law enforced by the state is sourced in the constitution Or legislation or regulations Rather than the organic private law that is left over from the golden age of law I don't know the percentage. I would I would I would venture to say over half well over half of law Has been supplanted by legislative law of one form or another if not if not 75 percent And I would say well over two-thirds of that legislative law is unjust if not almost all of it So at this point, I would say you you can only give presumptive just status to a smaller fraction of the whole body of positive law, let's say in the west Maybe 20 percent something like that. And that's primarily going to be where the private law the common law rules still operate um And that's primarily in the state legal systems, which which largely have embodied the uniform commercial code and codes that did codify Largely libertarian common law principles from the past. You know, I can't think that's enough on that topic Let me see if we have any other questions. Maybe if you have a question, let me know I can go back for a minute to the question we were on which was the um And by the way, feel free to type a comment below I think I am getting comments if I missed one just retype it. I don't know if I missed any Because I'm getting used to this interface I'm a little surprised at the scale. This looks like I have to hold the phone vertically. So it's not a widescreen thing That's fine a little odd um Okay, so we were talking about assault, right and um Well, let me let me go into a little tangent. This gets a little bit into one issue I've written a bet about with my friend pat tinsley, which is talks about the the concept of Causality in the law how important it is to have a solid view of causation and causality This does tie in with again why I keep saying that to have a solid understanding of the principles of justice and libertarian principles You you really have to be informed by economics and in particular austrian and in particular mesesian praxeological economics and the reason is because Mises quite properly recognizes the role of causality, right that we have to We have to recognize that all human action Um is based upon a certain understanding of the laws of cause and effect in the world, right? There's a causal realm This was the natural sciences study and then there there's a uh um There's a teleological realm. That's right the the the rules that apply to the study of the consequences of Decisions that human actors make that's what we basically call economics, right? So we have uh Purpose of action and analysis of that and we have an understanding of the causal laws of nature and the reason this is important is because mesis explains that the structure of human action is to Be an actor who's aware of his status as an actor and aware of the The nature of other human beings To the extent that they exist in society with them as being fellow actors with their own purposes you have a purpose in mind And a purpose means an in an end state that you want to achieve Which implies that you have a vision Or a forecast or an understanding of what you believe Or think might happen in some time in the future And you think that what's going to happen in the future is not what you want to happen, right? You're dissatisfied you're made as mesis calls it uh uneasy with the prospect of what's going to happen Okay, so The whole purpose of the whole nature of human action is that people Have a awareness of their of their status in the world and they have some idea that we're traveling through time And there's something that's going to happen in the future Unless they intervene somehow now the intervention Requires the use of the employment of scarce means in the world, right? But you have to employ them according to their nature, right? So you have to have some knowledge in your mind About the way the world is you have to have some Uh forecast of the way the world will be if you don't intervene And you have to have some knowledge of what's available to you to make a change Right, so you have to have knowledge about what the causal laws are what the laws of physics are What what tools what means are in your environment that are available to you to manipulate to grapple with to grasp To handle to somehow change the course of events So this is the entire essence of human action. This is what we do. It's breaking it down into a very analytical Structure So we use our knowledge about the way the world is And the way the causal laws are that we think to Imagine what will happen in the future We imagine possible things that we can do in the future, right? This is where the economic idea of opportunity cost comes in you can only do one thing And the other things that you have to be sacrificed would be the opportunity cost of that So you choose your most valued end and you pursue it by selecting and using means That you believe with your knowledge are calculated to help you obtain The end so this is why causation is is embedded in the entire Understanding of what we do every second of our lives when we act We are operating on some kind of understanding of what causality is Um and causal laws, okay So this is why causation and libertarian theory is also important When we want to ascribe responsibility to someone for committing an act that we think is wrong That needs to be protected against or defended against or punished or retaliated against or condemned is wrong Number one We have to view these other people as human actors that is not robotic automatons with no purpose It's best to understand fellow humans not as robots but as fellow humans like we are with ends and purposes and then from our understanding of the way our lives work and the way What we've experienced in terms of interaction with others would develop a sense of What their intention? probably is To fully characterize someone else's action you need to understand what their purpose is or their end So you need to characterize them as actors You need to characterize what they're doing as an action Which means there's an end there's a means employed and there's a certain purpose So you have to you have to try to use what means is called verse to hen It's a german word meaning the understanding you have to characterize what they're doing in a certain way So doing that is what the legal system does in a more formal way. For example, that's why the legal system Distinguishes different types of murder, right? So there's first degree murder secondary murder negligent homicide manslaughter things like that vehicular homicide They they they generally They generally characterize the action as the same In some sense that is the outcome is the same someone was killed. There's a homicide the death of a man And it was an intentional action if it was totally unintentional, it wouldn't be a tort at all You wouldn't be responsible for it. You know if an asteroid falls on my neighbor and kills him It's not a tort by the asteroid or by me Because I had nothing to do with it and the asteroid didn't have any intentionality no mens rea So it wouldn't be an action. There's no there's no responsibility to be ascribed Likewise if I have a seizure, you know, I'm sitting next to someone at a movie and I might I just have a seizure And my hand just starts flailing wildly and strikes this other person and harms them Um, it's not really an intentional action. So arguably I'm not responsible for that It let's assume it's the first time and I had no reason to think so You have to have some degree of intentionality now the way I look at it is You have a spectrum or continuum going from fully intentional down to Sort of intentional, which is what we call the law negligence Okay, so if I don't want to kill you, but I'm just not being careful enough And if my car accidentally runs into you and I kill you It's partially intentional Not fully intentional the outcome is still the same if there's a death, but the intentionality is lower So my view is sort of you have to imagine the way we classify the the severity Of the crimes and therefore the the the severity of the retaliation or the restitution that could be a response to that Is like a product of the of the outcome and the intentionality and so It's worse to intentionally murder someone than to merc tend to accidentally kill them So you're because your intentionality is like one thousandth of that of the murder or something like that So you have to take these things into account and that's roughly what the law does and having a lower lower punishment For someone who accidentally commits homicide As to someone who commits first degree murder and it's why second-degree murder and manslaughter don't have the severe penalties as First-degree murder and I think that makes sense and I go into that in that causality article And also in my punishment proportionality article if anyone wants to look in more detail. Okay. We have another question Tony that's it What do you think of the HHH physical removal service? That's very funny. There there's a facebook site called HHH, which means hoppa physical removal service just kind of Not sure if it's making fun of hoppa or making fun of his critics. I can't tell it's just a funny irreverent site Sort of riffing on a common hoppa made about private property communities private covenant orders Having to exclude certain types of people I don't what what can I what can I say it's private? It's a free world people can Riff as they want it's I think it's sometimes kind of funny Uh, I don't know who's behind it by the way, and I don't care Sebastian Do you know Sebastian has a question And I'm going to stop this shortly because it's been 25 minutes already. I'll go A few more minutes. I don't do much past half an hour Do you know of any further research on your blog post the catholic church is a voluntarily funded elective monarchy and therefore not a state What potential avenues for the propulsion? Let me see here Uh, let me stop there because I can't read all that right now. Um, look, I don't have a lot of uh Detailed study of the catholic church My my only point in that post which was from a few years ago in the lou rockwell blog. I believe I I noticed I'm talking fast again. I'm going to slow down My only point was um that all the criticism of the catholic church Not the recent criticism about these um, uh, pedorasty scandals. That's that's a different matter Those are sound like legitimate crimes that um, that uh, should be classified that way and dealt with a certain way but People criticize the catholic church because it says you can't use a contraception or because and and and it and it So-called coerces people With the threat of hell if they don't obey certain dictates now as a as a libertarian I don't give that any credence whatsoever and it's ridiculous People are free to leave the church. They're free to do whatever they want if they want to believe Those teachings they can They don't have to so it's not an act of aggression. It's not an issue of libertarianism If that's all the the state did to me if the state just hectered me all the time Told me I had to pay my taxes or I would go to hell Right, then I would just ignore them. They wouldn't be Uh, a criminal organization then I actually would be happy to have an organization that that that Demanded tribute on the pain of condemning me to hell in the afterlife because I would just ignore them and I wouldn't pay any taxes The state does more the state actually threatens you with going to jail in this life If you don't pay taxes, that's real aggression. So I think we need to focus on what real aggression is and my only point was it's kind of amazing that this, um The the holy sea Vatican city, which is which isn't recognized as a sort of actor under international law Not quite a full state but has some Treaties with it. So it's seen as an international actor um It's kind of interesting that the holy sea the catholic church Is in effect a state with in a sense over I don't know about a billion Quote-unquote citizens right Catholics around the world, you know, they're citizens of their own states really But they pledge allegiance to the catholic church They give tribute to it. They pay it. My point is they whatever they pay is paid voluntarily And as far as I know in today's times the catholic church doesn't commit any aggression whatsoever except for the actions of the priests and with the young altar boys Which is a different issue I was an altar boy for three or four years and um, I don't recall anything bad happening. Maybe I blinked it out I'm just kidding. It was fine um So the catholic church is basically a quasi state with a billion citizens, which doesn't impose any taxes doesn't cause any wars Doesn't put anyone in jail for anything doesn't outlaw anything with a threat of of any kind of physical force So that was my only point that it's in a sense the most libertarian state in the world right now Okay Let's see what else we have here I've got to comment no taxes in hell sounds decent That's true. And that's where all the fun people will be right um Oliver westcott has a question Do you see a practical difference between a world of states and a world of private homeowners associations? Uh, absolutely millions of differences um primarily A difference in terms of justice Right states are not just and private associations would be just So that's the primary difference in terms of justice in terms of ethics But in terms of the way the world would look it would be greatly different for several reasons number one You would have instead of 200 states you would have Uh tens of millions of these associations. So the numbers would be so much greater And the size would be so much smaller Right So that's a huge difference right there and their purpose would be to satisfy the customer. It wouldn't be to um You know set up a propaganda organization whose whose function is to exist and survive and To exploit the people As much as possible And I would recommend you you look at hoppa's great book on banking in nation states A great article which is in the the review of australia economics. It's also in one of his books. I think it may be in economics and ethics of private property or in the great fiction. I forgot which book it's in He talked he discusses there the process by which the state Gradually monopolizes areas of human life to exert more and more control over Over the the population that it basically is exploiting You know it it sets up control of money roads defense police the law Uh even language in some cases right and um and education to education of the children So it does he seems insidiously um Whereas a homeowner association would have no ability to monopolize anything like that So yes, there'd be any number of differences. There could there could arise Uh private associations or covenant communities as hoppa calls them that you wouldn't personally like But you know if you stayed there you would actually be consenting to the rules And if you didn't like it you could join one of the other 10 million in the world So it would be a completely different landscape much more liberty much more prosperity much more free markets much more freedom And you know corruption As we know it now Would be orders of magnitude Different and less in my in my view I think i'm going to shut this down now. This is an experiment I hope it didn't go too badly. I think it was okay next time. I'll use a proper microphone I'll just get my phone charged ahead of time Like I said in the beginning I could actually use this. I've tried it on my phone. This is the one I use My audio technique for my computer and it actually works On my iphone if you have an adapter Which I have you have to have a usb adapter, but the problem is this adapter has no power A little power plug in so you can't have power going to your phone at the same time So next time I'm going to try a proper microphone Anyway, uh, if this works out, all right, we'll try it again I hope everyone enjoyed it Thanks so much. Feel free to post any questions and maybe I'll get to them in another FaceTime Facebook live Video, thank you. Bye. Bye


A memorial day is the occasion in which we honor those who sacrificed their lives before us. I thank God for men and women that did go before us for the liberty and the freedom that they've provided their generation and the generations that followed them. These brave men paid the ultimate sacrifice. They were willing to do so, knowing full well they may. And it's as Thomas Jefferson said, eternal vigilance is a price for liberty. We did.


Now what we have today is western situation, the way it was, things are getting worse, because of this business as usual mentality, taxation, more and more taxes to the people, taxing the people of Zanzi, this is not good, tax will not of this country, apart from that we also need to know that as long as local government remains in its current states, we need to be very, it will be impossible to deliver the taxes to the people of Zanzi, because councils right now, though we are, we keep saying that now we have decentralized, what is happening in the heritage is also, we still have central government controlling how councils are running, because each district must be in charge of which destiny, and we have said, it's about time that the power to run this country was given to the people in each and every district, scrap of all these useless institutions, organizations that the Arabic, what is the Arabic doing? We just permitting every day to announce the new price of Europe, is that why you are paying all those UG allowances or the UG pay to this circle in Arabic? We've been talking about this, look at the Arabic, local government agents, why do we need to have the Arabic DA, when roads are supposed to be done by councils in their localities? We need to build capacity, we are talking about capacity, we are building capacity in useless state corporations like R&D, national fund agency, here to be useless institutions, all these must go, so that all those people in these institutions must be taken to the counties, must be taken to councils, so that these councils can be the deliverance of services to the people. Why is central government taxing the citizens? Why are they taxing the citizens? This must be for services, you pay pay as you earn, look at your capacity, they pay as you earn, you are paying for insurance and many other things on your capacity, but at the same time, if you are renting a house, you pay without tax, that's taxation, and then, if you are abroad somewhere, you are paying service fees to the councils, so the pay as you earn, what is it for? That's the question, because the concept of taxation is actually meant to help to provide the services where you are, if you live in a material, you live in a zambia, in a township of a café or wherever, when you pay, in fact, these rates must be paid, service fees must be paid to a local authority, you don't need to pay pay as you earn, you pay to a local authority, service fees, when you pay those service fees, they are going to come and collect your garbage, they are going to the roads, that way, you see where those service fees, you see how the service fees are being used, you pay service fees to the council, you pay to address the minister of lands, we need to streamline taxation, this is very important, some taxes, most of the taxes, more than 90% of the taxes must go, so we give greetings first to the people, and then you ask how, therefore, even all these local authorities or local government are going to run, first of all, what is important is to look at the services, and the services are where the people are, people are in the municipalities, and this is the most important area that we need to look at, if this country is going to come out of this mess, you don't need to send money to look at, money must be paid to look at it, even this big ZRA is, it must be scrapped off, and when you ask what happens, that ZRA must ask the minister of finance, a unit, and then let local authorities have the revenue units, so we have one collecting authority in each locality, and what each revenue collecting authority is collecting, when they collect that, a percentage of central government to sustain the running of central government, the rest must remain in a given locality, then you may ask how about those localities that not have much financing, this is why now, the manner we are making from the minds, because we have these resources that the Almighty God has given us, that's why we need to come up now with taxations now, we need to tax foreigners, we need to tax investors, in the mining sector for instance, there is no way, when you look at, there is no way these mining corporations can go out with it and then we are looking away, go to Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, there is no pay as you aim in the United Arab Emirates, instead government shares the profits with the people, that's why they have oil, how many times has the champion government shared with the people of Zambia, how much they are making from the copper, how much they are making from the emirates, and when you go out begging, we don't want to embarrass the president, no the president has gone out, no he has gone to many so many countries, yes we have a pledge of four billion dollars, that's a job, four billion dollars you jokers, four billion dollars, is that what the president of the entire country can go to beg four billion dollars and you say now we have pledges in four billion dollars, what kind of jokers are you? I have friends, friends, personal friends, one of them netted two billion dollars at the age of 25 years, he is a billionaire, a Jewish friend, I follow you, another one is a billionaire, he makes profits of two billion dollars paid, two billion dollars, is that in Switzerland, two billion dollars paid, I have another friend, a Jewish friend, whose net worth in the system is billion dollars, now you are talking about, no there is a pledge of four billion dollars, what kind of jobs are these, this is embarrassing, sometimes I meet all these billionaire friends of mine, they laugh about these things, you must be serious, we don't need to subject the president of Zambia to all those kind of movements, not adding anybody to our country, and you are talking about four billion dollars, four billion dollars, do you know the GDP of Israel, for instance, GDP of Israel, Israel's population, this country's population is almost three times bigger than that of Israel, the GDP of Israel is half a trillion dollars, hours, thirty billion dollars, they are about, the GDP of Israel, a tiny country is worth almost the GDP of the entire country of billions of people, why are we not allowing innovation and doing things the right way, the global protein, developed in the country by global protein has been applied before there is no teopters, we don't want to talk about those who are gone to be with the lot from our presidents, who are global protein, they didn't bring anything, and we need to focus on finding a solution here, we need to sit on a table, we need to find out, call the people here who has no wisdom must seek wisdom, if you have run out of ideas, seek ideas, sit on the table brother, sit on the table, consult the solutions you are looking for within this country, don't kill local businesses, don't kill, because when you target all these big businesses on our own fellow Zambians, you are looking at the money, when you go to bring in multinationals, you are taking the money out of the country, and not to expect money to be in this economy, how do you expect Zambia to come out of the problems, you are taking money out, there is no cooperation that will come for the love of Zambia, any international cooperation that comes will come for the love of our couple, they come for the love of our unclean, they will come for the love of our emeralds, they will come for the love of our gold, and not for the love of the people of Zambia, they have their own countries, that's where they come from, and that's a priority, how did these mines run before all these ones came, and we saw what came out of the mines under the difficult meet, we cannot be joking like this now, I think it's about time that we came to see us with the governance of this country, and when it comes to running of the republic, if someone is given a sector as a minister, someone fails, we cannot keep people are failing, failure just for one day is not to kick out that person, replace those with people that will put this country, that will put this nation and the people of Zambia face, this is very important, and as long as we do not do this, this country is doomed, and these had ships that we are seeing over the years, things are hard, life is hard, and we need to think of that old woman, that grandmother who is caring for orphans who is working every day, those people are selling tomatoes, vegetables on the streets every day, and look at the tomatoes they are selling, how much money are they making, how are they fending for their families, these are the questions that we need to ask ourselves, we don't need to have this kind of mindset, it will not help this country at all, there is look at those common people, and as we have said, we need to encourage innovation, let us look at young innovators and invest in young innovators and promote local businesses, kidding local businesses will not help this country, and especially the use of the competition commission, it's wrong, you don't can list the SCC on companies or corporations that have function, now when you go and two friends and you go and two servant, servants are close thousands of people in the country, you go and kill it, why are you killing it, you look at what we are calling issues, nothing, even someone who is not learning, a lay person will tell that there is something wrong with it, just because maybe you have personal details, personal issues, settling scores, now it's time to settle scores, let us not use government to settle scores, if you have issues, leave issues outside government, when in government, look at the bigger picture, and this is what I am talking about, where you only target investments from certain countries, for instance, urban systems, urban system has not taken a single dollar from this country, urban system is listed on NASDAQ in the USA, this is a Jewish, an Israeli corporation or NASDAQ, it's a multibillion dollar corporation, this is BDS, you are targeting, this is BDS, BDS must be affected, BDS brought the holocausts, that's how it started in the Nazi Germany, targeting Jewish businesses, cause people become jealous of the Jews that why Jews prosperous, why they rich, why this cooperation is kicking, now you want to target the youth,  belo него నిందియామిలిటి పనినిని పనిఆనికూది నిఎటశికందిథోదికేసికాసిథకినికికిasting�టికికనికికిటినినినిందికికికికికి� sh థాీటా Federally in our Madkassa థితోరగి. Unfortunately мон shou wé t' ¬ mo o o peek ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ t' ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬. 쉬šgreat ro bòht say ¬ ¬ Ī eie «ppotsë wann t' beticina skrihat kenik.] nö' thé d'écos ipoags, thé d'écos eie expertise. shins, parnams alles – the riches ʀm exploded, I know a one like some ʀparnams, this one with the king never reach people ʀparnams, and the wealth… ʋparnams, should I say ʉ Ãqis ʀkhakastos 스 n' Ãtenu by the… by the servants. � nope  א Ой erveru  Aah  xenka  arrays ỗ                                                                                We can be the biggest exporter of electricity in the region and the entire content of Africa. What is Zambian rainfall? We have water resources. When water, the rainfall, rainfall, talk about rainfall, go to Israel. They harvest the rain. As that rainfall is taking place, they are harvesting the rain. There are reservoirs coming to where to give that rain. And they recycle that water. Now here we are, we have rivers rainfall. It's about time that we invented something new. It's about time that we began to look at growth. It's not growth to give over taxing the people. The other point I want to talk about is the issue of targeting the men and women in uniform, defense and security. But what's it's us. We need not celebrate when we see what is happening. The men and women in uniform, they maintain our security and our territorial integrity. We need to respect the Zambian, the Zambian Air Force, the Zambian National Service. These are important phase process. Then the men and women, they are some heroes. In the Zambian Intelligence Service, we are not uniformed. And yet, they are the focres. They are the main drivers of security. Because the spy men, they are not uniformed. They are the main drivers of security. Because the spy men, that must help, who must supply information to all these agencies if they are to win the balance, if they are to keep us safe. They are not uniformed, but they are very important. The intelligence community must be adequately funded. They need to plant their equipment. They need to be supported. You cannot apply austerity to defense and security now. So they are taken. To intelligence, you can't apply that. Then the main one in responsible for internal security, the Zambian Police and of course the correction of facilities, correction of service, very important. Let us respect these men and women, these men and women are uniformed. We don't want to see a culture where we see civilians harassing these men. What we saw, I mean the social media, I think that was in the church, we don't want that. We don't want that. We don't want to see the defense post that can be proud of. These men work under very difficult circumstances and we need to support them. They need our support. In countries where you see these men and women fighting every day to defend the nations, citizens salute them. And I think those Zambians in the diaspora can confirm what I am talking about in America, in the UK. When you meet a person from, you stop and say thank you for what you do for this country. We are not doing that in this country. We are not respecting these men and women. This is totally unacceptable. And we cannot tell these men how they must run security the security of this country. For instance, no, we don't need check codes, remove these and so forth. Until we have a problem, that's to understand the significance of check codes. Now we move spirit traps and until we have a problem we need to check. We need these restaurants. We need these men and women. And sometimes yes, you are stopped at where you spend the spirit trap. You are not. But at the same time know that those people are helping to save your life. And this is very important. Let us respect those men and women. Fellow citizens as I have said, we are talking about issue by issue. But it's about time that this country got back to the drawing tale. It's about time that this government changed its approach. What is happening right now is not inspiring any confidence, is not inspiring any hope. And it's not enough to just say we have done this, we have done this. You need to keep doing it. Incumbency is defended by works and not works. It's your works that will defend you. Listen to what others are saying. When someone speaks, yes, when they are speaking there is no content. Ignore us. But when you listen to the content and to this wisdom, learn, pick the wisdom, apply it. It's for the good of this country. And our desire is not that we must see the government. That's not the desire because government is all of us. Whoever is present today tomorrow will not be the president. Who thought that those who are not there today would not be there? Nobody imagine that, but it happens. That's the way it is. You have a government today, a new government the other day and so forth. That's the way it is. So there is nothing personal and every time that we bring out the issues, sometimes yes, we bring out these issues in the strongest language both of us can understand. We are doing this because we want this country to get back to work. Stop politicking. It's not it's not going to help this country when you are politicking. Look at what you put food in the homes of the people of Zambia. What you bring income to the people of Zambia. Look at what you bring innovation and learn from those examples that I worked elsewhere. It's true innovation that jobs will be created. It's true industry that jobs will be created. It's not by all this that we sing trade and so forth and then promoting other corporations from abroad to come and take over the mines. So we have found an investor. We have been there before. Which investor would come to have the interests of the miners or the interests of this country. These are mining corporations that through price transferring they are not declaring profits. They are not paying anything. Meaning our copper is being depleted our emeralds are being depleted. And look at the amount of check. It's foreign, the biggest amount of the emeralds check is foreign. And we are citizens. And we are tiered index. We take a lot of resources, we are tiered. And we think that no, through taxation and through foreign investors that's how this can come out of the mines. It do not. And by taking civil servants the civil servants will take them for granted. These are the ones that are running this economy practically and not the politicians. Everything when something goes wrong, no. This is what the politicians are doing. Don't grant those civil servants don't grant them don't align them to political parties if you have a vision focusing on the vision it shows lack of vision lack of direction because if you are in charge of a family in charge of a minister, a man and secretary how can we talk about people not implementing the government programs. It's because there are no means there are no resources, they are not flowing. These civil servants the resources, they are not moving how do they expect them to deliver? They can perform miracles. So by insulting them handling vitriol at civil servants, the police, the army it will not help this country at all respect these men and women in uniform respect the civil service but at the same time inspire confidence in them where there is no vision the next generation respect the vision respect the vision and the good leader must also speak through others mentorship, guide let every government department will function this is what the people of Zenduant and this is not too much to ask for thank you


Ads heard during the podcast that are not in my voice are placed by third-party agencies outside of my control and should not imply an endorsement by Weird Darkness or myself. Stories and content in Weird Darkness can be disturbing for some listeners and is intended for mature audiences only. Parental discretion is strongly advised. Depending on the circumstances and mental state of mind, it does happen that people sometimes freak out. In most cases, there is a logical and scientific explanation that can shed light on people's perplexing behavior, but there are also cases that baffle those who have researched the events. The Gorbell's Vampire Incident is a bizarre event that still remains unexplained. There are some theories that attempt to explain what caused hundreds of ordinary children to suddenly turn into vampire hunters. It was as if the kids had gone completely mad and nothing could stop them from haunting a monster that they were convinced was roaming the neighborhood. What on earth happened on that day? I'm Darren Marlar and this is Weird Darkness. Welcome, Weirdos. I'm Darren Marlar and this is Weird Darkness. Here you'll find stories of the paranormal, supernatural, legends, lore, the strange and bizarre, crime, conspiracy, mysterious, macabre, unsolved and unexplained. Coming up in this episode... Zachary Davis had a history of mental disturbance, but no one could have predicted the horrors he was truly capable of. When poor travelers are found dead in the frozen winter, could it be that there is something more to their story? Could they have been killed not by the cold, but by a demon of the snow? Southwest of Tombstone, Arizona are the remains of a simple adobe cabin, nicknamed the bloodiest cabin in Arizona. Oscar Beckwith was a hermit who lived in the woods in a small, squalid shack with no furnishings but a bunk, two stools and a stove, on which he cooked human flesh. Over the years, from ancient to more modern times, there have been a number of incredible cases of mass hysteria. Some are so unbelievable, it's difficult to understand how they happened at all. But first, we look at a specific case of what some believe was mass hysteria. What caused hundreds of Scottish children in the 1950s to suddenly become vampire hunters? We begin with the Gorbils Vampire. If you're new here, welcome to the show. While you're listening, be sure to check out WeirdDarkness.com for merchandise, my newsletter, to enter contests, to connect with me on social media. Plus, you can visit the Hope in the Darkness page if you're struggling with depression or dark thoughts. You can find all of that and more at WeirdDarkness.com.  Mass hysteria is not a new phenomenon. Derived from the Greek word for womb, hysteria has existed as a diagnosis for millennia, and the Gorbils Vampire incident is proof of it. On September 23, 1954, the Southern Necropolis Cemetery in Glasgow, Scotland was filled with hundreds of schoolchildren who were hunting a creature they referred to as a vampire with iron teeth. Equipped with stakes and knives, the youngsters suddenly turned into fearsome vampire hunters. The kids said the creature that later became known as the Gorbils Vampire was responsible for the disappearance of two boys from their school. Before embarking on the vampire hunt, the children tried to explain to adults that the vicious creature must be caught. They claimed this evil being was the one that had abducted and possibly even killed their friends. Adults listened to these wild and childish tales with amusement, but no one took the alleged vampire story seriously. When the children noticed that their parents and teachers were ignoring them, they took matters into their own hands. Secretly, they passed messages, arranged meetings, and produced weapons. The children plotted their attack carefully. Then they went to the cemetery where they believed the vampire was hiding and started looking for the elusive creature. When the police arrived at the scene to find out what was happening, they were shocked. Hundreds of children were running all over the cemetery. They were obviously fully determined to find the Gorbils Vampire and nothing was going to stop them. For hours, the police officers tried to remove the gangs of children from the Southern Necropolis. All attempts to move the children failed. Then it started to rain and the kids went home. Was it over? Had they overcome the Vampire Hysteria? No, certainly not. Hundreds of children continued to chase the Gorbils Vampire for the next two days. This extraordinary event gained worldwide coverage. What was happening in Glasgow? Who could be blamed for the children's Vampire Hysteria? As always, someone or something must be blamed and it was said that American horror comic books were the cause of this mass hysteria. In the book, The Gorbils Vampire, Cliff McCabe writes that there were no records of any missing children in Glasgow at the time and media reports of the incident began to search for the origins of the urban myth. The blame was quickly laid at the door of American comic books with chilling titles such as Tales from the Crypt and The Vault of Horror, whose graphic images of terrifying monsters were becoming increasingly popular among Scottish youngsters. These comics, so the theory went, were corrupting the imaginations of children and inflaming them with fear of the unknown. The situation was so serious that a campaign was launched and the case reached the parliament where it was championed by Alice Cullen, Labour MP for the Gorbils. The bizarre Gorbils Vampire incident resulted in the 1955 Children and Young Persons Harmful Publications Act being passed. The act still stands today. It should be added that other theories suggest the children were influenced by the book of Daniel, especially the passage that reads, Behold, a fourth beast dreadful and terrible and strong exceedingly and it had great iron teeth. Another possibility was the kids were inspired by Jenny Wee, the iron teeth an old woman said to haunt Glasgow Green in the early 19th century. There was never any vampire living in or around the cemetery, but some books are simply not suitable for children and certain stories can be harmful for youngsters. The children hunting a vampire in Scotland is only one of numerous cases of mass hysteria. There are several ancient mass hysteria cases that show people can do outrageous things for no apparent reason. Mass hysteria is a term used to describe a situation in which various people all suffer from similar hysterical symptoms. This could be a phantom illness or an inexplicable event. The first documented case is recorded on an Egyptian papyrus dating from 1990 BC, reporting abnormal movements of the uterus that resulted in unusual mental and physical symptoms. In 1676, children living in an orphanage school in Holland suddenly started behaving like dogs. They were barking and crawling on the floor. According to theologian Balthazar Becker, who personally witnessed this unexplained behavior, the children would suddenly collapse and get a strange look in their eyes. They tugged and tore themselves, he said, striking at the ground with their legs and arms and even with their heads, crying, yelling and barking like dogs so that it was a terrifying thing to see. The children's behavior was explained as possession by the devil. People prayed in the churches across the city to save the children from the devil's clutches. Finally, the children were reunited with their families and everything went back to normal. A very baffling event took place during the Medieval period in Europe. In July of 1374, in Aachen, Germany, dozens of villages along the Rhine River were suddenly swept by a dancing plague called Coriomania. For no apparent reason, hundreds of people took to the streets, leaping, jerking and hopping to music. The strange thing was that no one else could hear the music except for those who danced. How was that possible? Another odd aspect of this story is that people didn't want to stop dancing. They didn't eat, drink or sleep. All they did was dancing, shouting and hallucinating for days. Sometimes, even when they fell, they continued to dance while they were on the ground. Obviously, they couldn't control their movements until, finally, their weakened bodies collapsed from exhaustion. This outbreak of dancing mania spread as far as France and lasted for several years, almost just as suddenly as it had come, though, it disappeared. The great Swedish witch panic lasted from 1664 to 1676 and was one of the most horrible incidents in Swedish history. According to ancient historical accounts, as a child lay sleeping, the witch who was usually a neighbor was said to enter the room after shrinking and crawling through the keyholes or walking through a door. The child was escorted to the roof and placed on the belly of a farm animal which was hovering upside down. Together, they flew to Blackula or Blue Hill and picked up more children on their way. Blackula was a legendary meadow where the devil held his earthly court during a witch's Sabbath. Flames from hell shot through a hole in the floor as people sat, eating, cursing and paying respect to the devil. The devil asked the child if he or she would serve him and all they could say was yes.  Later, the children were given gifts such as knives to kill their parents and books of curses. A witch brought the children home before the morning. Later, hundreds of children were convinced they had met the devil. The story is based on real events. More than 500 children witnessed that they had been abducted during the night by Satanists and taken to Blackula where devil worshipers held their annual meeting. Another odd case of mass hysteria striking France during the medieval period involved the case of the meowing nuns. In one very large convent, one nun suddenly started to meow like a cat. Soon afterwards, several other nuns also meowed. At last, all the nuns meowed together every day at a certain time for several hours. The whole surrounding Christian neighborhood heard, with equal chagrin and astonishment, this daily cat concert which did not cease until all the nuns were informed that a large group of soldiers were placed by the police before the entrance of the convent. The soldiers were provided with rods and were ordered to beat the nuns until they promised not to meow anymore. The nuns ceased with this odd behavior. A similar case also gripped a convent in Germany when a nun began biting her companions. Subsequently, it triggered a biting epidemic that spread to other convents and reached as far as Rome. A poisoning scare terrorized Milan, Italy in 1630, coinciding with pestilence, plague, and a prediction that the devil would poison the city's water supply. On one April morning, people awoke and became fearful upon finding that all the doors in the principal streets of the city were marked with a curious daub or spot. Soon there was alarm that the sign of the awaiting poisoning was at hand and the belief spread that corn and fruit had also been poisoned. Many people were executed. One elderly man was spotted wiping a stool before sitting on it when he was accused of smearing poison on the seat. He was seized by an angry mob of women and pulled by the hair to a judge, but died on the way. In another incident, a pharmacist and barber named Mora was found with several preparations containing unknown potions and accused of being in cahoots with the devil to poison the city. Protesting his innocence, he eventually confessed after prolonged torture on the rack, admitting to cooperating with the devil and foreigners to poisoning the city and anointing the doors. Under duress, he named several accomplices who were eventually arrested and tortured. They were all pronounced guilty and executed. The number of persons who confessed that they were employed by the devil to distribute poison is almost incredible. Day after day, persons came voluntarily forward to accuse themselves, knowing that execution would likely be the result. Okushmairi is a Japanese custom involving a pilgrimage to give thanks to the Sun Goddess by visiting the Ice Shrine. In 1771, a mixture of mass hysteria and ritual took place in Japan. Within four months, five million people visited the Ice Grand Shrine, a Shinto shrine dedicated to the goddess Amaterasu Makimi. People's odd behavior made the authorities very nervous. According to eyewitness accounts, outbreaks were characterized by collective frenetic dancing, crying, singing and obscene and bizarre behavior, including cross-dressing, amnesia and trance states. Similar incidents took place in 1830 and 1867. The cause of the mass hysteria was never determined, but it is believed the outbreaks were somehow related with the political situation in the country and fear of foreign powers. In 1835, journalist Richard A. Locke wrote an intriguing story revealing that the astronomer, Sir John Herschel, had perfected the world's strongest telescope in a South African observatory and had discovered various life forms on the moon, a two-legged beaver, a horned bear, miniature zebras and colorful birds among the animals. His most astonishing observation was that he could see human-like forms on the moon flying about with bat-like wings. The creatures were given the scientific name of vespertillo homo, meaning Batman. These beings were described with angelic innocence, peacefully coexisting with its fellow creatures in an environment apparently absent of carnivores. The story resulted in a series of six newspaper reports appearing in the New York Sun and it caused a worldwide sensation. One of the most well-known instances of mass hysteria in history is that which occurred in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. It all started when a group of young girls began to display bizarre behavior. The tight-knit community was at a loss to explain the convulsive seizures, blasphemous screaming, and trance-like states that afflicted the youngsters. The physicians called in to examine the girls could find no natural cause of the disturbing behavior. If the source of the affliction was not due to physical malady, then it must be the work of Satan, people reasoned. People living in the village began praying and fasting in order to rid itself of the devil's influence. The girls were pressured to reveal who in the community controlled their behavior. This led to the identification of three women who were later examined. One of them, a slave girl named Tidaba, confessed to seeing the devil who appeared to her sometimes like a hog and sometimes like a great dog. Even more troubling, Tidaba confessed that a conspiracy of witches permeated Salem Village. In March, the afflicted girls accused Martha Corey. The three women previously denounced as colluding with the devil were marginal to the community. Martha Corey was different. She was an upstanding member of the Puritan congregation. Her revelation as a witch demonstrated that Satan's influence reached to the very core of the community. Events snowballed as the accusatory atmosphere intensified and reached a fever pitch. During the period from March into the fall, many were charged, examined, tried, and condemned to death. The hangings started in June with the death of Bridget Bishop and continued through September. As winter approached, the hysteria played itself out as criticism of the procedures grew. In October, the colonial governor dissolved the local court of inquiry. The convictions and condemnations for witchery stopped. 19 victims of the witch hunt had already been hanged, though. One crushed to death under the weight of stones and at least four died in prison awaiting their trial. In another case, in the early 1800s, Hammersmith London was terrorized by a ghost that was haunting the local churchyard, the surrounding laneways and roads. The ghost was generally described the same way by all who encountered it. It was very tall and very white. The fear was so great that armed citizens started patrolling the area. That is until someone shot what they thought to be the ghost. With the year, now 1804, and the stories of the ghost continuing, armed citizens began to roam the streets in order to hunt down the ghost. On the 3rd of January that year, one of these citizens did come face to face with the ghost and such a tragedy played out. Francis Smith was patrolling the area with a loaded gun when he entered Black Lion Lane. As he made his way through the hedge-lined path, he spotted a white figure coming towards him. He called out to it, told it to stop, but when the figure continued coming towards him, Francis raised his firearm and fired. The white figure dropped to the ground. On closer inspection, Francis Smith realized he had just killed an innocent man, a bricklayer and plasterer by the name of Thomas Millwood. Later it turned out that the ghost was John Graham, an elderly shoemaker who took on the guys to frighten his apprentice. A poisoning mania struck France and Italy during the 1600s. In 1659, Pope Alexander VII was informed that great numbers of women had admitted to poisoning their husbands. One group of wives who met regularly to plot their deeds were arrested and punished. Three young women who poisoned their husbands were handed in to Rome. Up to 30 women were whipped publicly through the streets, and several were banished from the country. The punishments did not frighten other women, who continued to poison their husbands in France and Italy. Up next, Zachary Davis had a history of mental disturbance, but no one could have predicted the horrors he was truly capable of. When poor travelers are found dead in the frozen winter, could it be that there is something more to their story? Could they have been killed not by the cold, but by a demon of the snow? These stories and more when Weird Darkness returns. Strange creatures, gruesome murders, oozing organisms, unfathomable abductions, enigmatic expeditions, an age-old malevolence, and much more. Author JC Moore delivers a collection of dark horror tales that are both chilling and poignant. Dark Intrigue's Book One is filled with horror fiction for fans of short story anthologies, horror collections, ghost fiction, suspense, possession, and more. Dark Intrigue's Book One by JC Moore, available on Kindle or as an audiobook narrated by Darren Marlar. Find Dark Intrigue's Book One on the audiobooks page at WeirdDarkness.com. That's WeirdDarkness.com slash audiobooks. On August 10, 2012, the trajectory of an everyday middle-class family in Tennessee irreparably changed. 15-year-old Zachary Davis and a flurry of madness murdered his mother with a sledgehammer and attempted to burn his house down while his older brother was still inside. Even the courts debated as to whether the young man was deeply disturbed or simply pure evil. Zachary was a quiet boy who clearly had a history of mental illness. When his father Chris died of Amatrophic Lateral Sclerosis, or ALS, Lou Gehrig's disease, in 2007, the nine-year-old Davis went into a tailspin. According to Gail Cron, Zach's paternal grandmother, the boy was taken to see a Dr. Bradley Freeman at Vanderbilt University Medical Center shortly after his father's passing. The psychiatrist noted that the boy certainly did suffer from some kind of mental defect. Zach claimed to hear voices and he was diagnosed with schizophrenia and depressive disorder. Although Zach was normally quiet, he was becoming even more withdrawn. In one of his four sessions with Dr. Freeman, Zachary claimed to hear the voice of his father. Psychologists recognize that experiencing a deep depression like the one Zachary had descended into after the death of a loved one, particularly at such a young age, is normal. While Zachary did go through the first two phases common in the bereavement process, including numbness and depression, he did not make it to the third, recovery. This is in part because perhaps his mother pulled him out of therapy shortly after he had begun. Indeed, even his grandmother would remark at his trial that had Zach receive the proper medical attention that he required, this may not have happened. The family instead moved to Sumner County, Tennessee to try and move on with their lives, or so they thought. Melanie worked hard as a paralegal and trained hard as a triathlete. She did her best to get past Chris's death and to keep her boys happy. Unbeknownst to her, her youngest son Zachary was beyond her grasp. The 15-year-old was an outcast among his peers. He often spoke in a monotone whisper and would wear the same hoodie every day. He had an app on his phone about serial killers and another that listed torture devices. His notebooks were writhe with such disturbing anecdotes as, You Can't Spell Slaughter Without Laughter. He read the Stephen King novel Misery in played violent video games. It was not evident that he was outwardly violent, however, until that night, August 10, 2012. Zachary, his mother and 16-year-old brother Josh, went to a movie together. When they returned, packed several items into a backpack and satchel, including clothing, notebooks, a toothbrush, gloves, a ski mask, and a claw hammer. On the outside, it could have seemed as though Zachary was going to run away from home, but on the inside, something far more sinister was at play. Melanie went to bed at 9 p.m. When she was asleep, Zachary retrieved the sledgehammer from the basement and entered his mother's room. He bludgeoned her to death and struck her nearly 20 times. Then, drenched in her blood, Zachary closed her door, went to the family game room, and drenched that in whiskey and gasoline before setting it aflame. He shut the door and fled the house. He had intended to kill his brother Josh in the fire, but because he closed the door to the game room, the fire did not spread immediately, and the older brother was consequently awoken by a fire alarm. When he went to retrieve his mother, he found her a bloodied mess. Josh escaped the fire to a neighbor's house. Zach was found by authorities nearly 10 miles from his home. He told authorities that, I didn't feel anything when I killed her. In a videotaped confession presented as evidence to the court, Zachary Davis chillingly explained how the disembodied voice of his father told him to kill his mother.  Defense attorney Randy Lucas asked during the trial, did he tell you to do anything specific to your mother? Zach said no and he showed no remorse when investigators presented him with pictures of his mother's blood-soaked body. In fact, he never showed any remorse at all. He said he chose a sledgehammer as the murder weapon because, I was worried that I'd miss and that this tool adding gave him the highest chance of killing her. At the trial, the jury was also presented with Zachary's interview with television personality Dr. Phil McGraw.  And Zach said that, she wasn't taking care of my family. He laughed when he described how large and heavy the murder weapon was. He also laughed when he described the sound the sledgehammer made when connecting with his mother's head. It was a wet thumping sound. When asked why Zach hit his mother multiple times, the teen replied, I wanted to make sure she was dead. At one point in his trial, Zachary tried to blame the murder on his brother.  The defense was merely trying to get a more lenient sentence for Davis, and trying to pin the crime on his brother didn't help his case.  You went to the dark side. It's that plain and simple. The justice system and the 12-member jury grappled with the notion that while Zachary had clearly premeditated his mother's murder, it was also apparent that he was deeply unwell. Dr. McGraw tried to show compassion toward the teenager. When I look in your eyes, I don't see evil, I see lost. Zach's paternal grandmother appealed to his severe mental illness and the lack of help he received. Every teacher, every guidance counselor should have to stand trial with Zach, Cron said. Zach is not a monster.  She believes Melanie failed to get Zach the help he needed, and that Melanie paid for the mistake with her life. Dr. Freeman, the psychiatrist who first diagnosed Zachary, also testified in court that his judgment was driven by his psychosis and that because of his mental illness could not have possibly premeditated the murders. The jury and judge did not feel the same, however, and Zach was sentenced to life in prison after a jury deliberated only three hours to reach a guilty verdict. A life sentence in Tennessee is a minimum of 60 years, with the possibility of parole after 51 years. Zachary Davis will be in his mid-60s by the time he might get out of prison. Whether the murder was cold-blooded or brought on by psychosis, it is, regardless, a tragic story of a family destroyed. Yuki Anna, or the Lady of the Snow, is an evil spirit lurking around and waiting for people lost in a snowstorm. She is a female demon and a symbol of death in Japanese mythology. Yuki Anna is far from being kind, attractive, and benevolent, and her attributes are not unlike that of a vampire. Yuki Anna, also called Yuki Joro, or Snow Woman, Yuki Anesa, Snow Sister, Yuki Bonba, Snow Baba, and Yuki Haim, Snow Princess, was once a pregnant woman who was not helped during the snowstorm. Unable to find shelter, she was covered with snow on the mountainside. Dying slowly from cold, she was very unhappy that no one wanted to help her and simply left her to die. Yuki Anna appears on snowy nights as a tall, beautiful woman with long black hair and blue lips. Her extremely pale, almost transparent skin makes her almost invisible in the snowy landscape and also to her victims. Despite her unusual beauty, she looks ghastly and eerie, and her eyes can terrify mortals. Sometimes, she is described as dressed in a kimono, and occasionally, she even appears naked. She floats across the snow, leaving no footprints. In some versions of Yuki Anna tales, she has no feet, which in Japanese beliefs means that she is a ghost. She can disguise herself into a cloud of mist or snow if threatened. In legends, Yuki Anna is Onryo, an evil ghost driven by vengeance, believed to be capable of harming and even killing. She takes revenge on people who did not help her in need. Even in different regions of Japan, there was an ancient belief in Yuki Anna, an evil and very deceptive demon. She is particularly dangerous for children when darkness falls and snow was accumulating on the ground. It is important that parents do not let their children outside. Legends say that during the snowstorm, the wind carries the laments and painful cries of the victims. A long time ago, there lived two woodcutters, Minokichi and Musaku. Minokichi was young, and Musaku was very old. One winter day, they could not come back home because of a snowstorm. They found a hut in the mountain and decided to sleep there. On this particular evening, Minokichi woke up and found a beautiful lady with white clothes. She breathed on old Musaku and he was frozen to death. She then approached Minokichi to breathe on him, but stared at him for a while and said, I thought I was going to kill you, the same as that old man, but I will not because you are young and beautiful. You must not tell anyone about this incident.  Several years later, Minokichi met a beautiful young lady named Oyuki, or Snow, and married her. She was a good wife. Minokichi and Oyuki had several children and lived happily for many years. Mysteriously, she never aged. One night after the children were asleep, Minokichi said to Oyuki, Whenever I see you, I am reminded of a mysterious incident that happened to me when I was young. I met a beautiful young lady like you. I do not know if it was a dream or if she was a Yukiana. After finishing his story, Oyuki suddenly stood up and said, That woman you met was me.   Take care of our children. Then she melted and vanished without a trace, and no one saw her again. When Weird Darkness returns, Southwest of Tombstone, Arizona are the remains of a simple adobe cabin nicknamed the bloodiest cabin in Arizona. Oscar Beckwith was a hermit who lived in the woods at a small, squalid shack with no furnishings, but a bunk, two stools, and a stove on which he cooked human flesh. These stories are up next. Behind the scenes video updates about future projects and events I'm working on. You can share your own opinions on ideas to help me decide upon Weird Darkness contests and events. You can hear audiobooks I'm narrating before even the publishers or authors get to hear them. You also receive bonus audio of other projects I'm working on outside of Weird Darkness. You get all of these benefits and more, starting at only $5 per month. Join the Weird Darkness Syndicate at WeirdDarkness.com slash syndicate. That's WeirdDarkness.com slash syndicate. When thinking of gunslingers, murder, the gold rush, and ghosts, one can't help but to think of Tombstone, Arizona, where the wildest of the West was fought. But Southwest of Tombstone, in Cochise County, are the remains of a simple adobe cabin by the name of Bronco's Cabin, nicknamed the bloodiest cabin in Arizona. Bronco's Cabin is the scene of at least 21 deaths, with many of those who died buried on the property. Built in 1858 by Frederick Bronco, a man from Germany who had worked for the Sonora Exploring and Mining Company before starting his own San Pedro Silver Mine with his partners John Moss, the chemist and two other miners, James and his brother William Williams. They employed a cook, David Bontrager, and hired Mexican workers, and for a while they found success.  William Williams escaped because he was in Fort Buchanan getting flour when the murders happened. He is the one who found the bodies. David Bontrager had been kidnapped by the workers and eventually let go because they believed him to be a good Catholic. He was initially suspected of the murders, but was later cleared. The next claimant of Bronco's Cabin was Milton Duffield, the first appointed U.S. Marshal in Arizona once it became a territory. He was known to always be armed and to have a temper. After retiring, he became the owner of Bronco's Cabin. Unfortunately, a man named James T. Holmes also believed that he was the owner of the cabin. When Duffield arrived to evict Holmes, Holmes feared he was armed and shot Duffield dead. Duffield was buried at Bronco's Cabin. Holmes was sentenced to three years in prison. Other owners, Sidney R. DeLonge and his partners, N. M. Rogers and Tom Jeffords, also became owners of Bronco's Cabin. Sadly, Rogers was killed by Apaches and two others were also found killed. In 1877, the father of Tombstone, Ed Scheifelin, lived there and used it as a permanent camp. Supposedly, he used the fireplace in the cabin to test samples. He told a soldier of his find and the soldier stated the only rock Scheifelin would collect there would be a Tombstone. Scheifelin filed his claim under Tombstone. In 1879, the city took the name officially. Thankfully, Scheifelin was not one of the victims of Bronco's Cabin. Other deaths include five thieves who hid out at Bronco's Cabin who fought over how to divide their stolen treasures. Their pursuers found them dead after they all shot each other. They were also buried there near the cabin. There were also a few who were killed by Apaches. Besides these deaths, there have been numerous shootings and even one story about a man who was killed and thrown into a well. With all of this bloodshed, it earned its nickname as the bloodiest cabin in Arizona, but with reports of paranormal happenings surrounding it, it is still a frightening place. People have reported uneasy feelings, apparitions, including the ghost of the man who walks around the property but once you try to approach him, he fades, and ghostly noises including machinery from the mines. Multiple paranormal investigators have some very interesting videos where they have spoken with ghosts through digital means. Unfortunately, Bronco's Cabin has been ravaged by time. It is in ruins and the desert is eating away at what is left. You can visit, though I do recommend you be safe, but there are people who don't believe even the ruins will be there in a few years. So if you have put this place on your bucket list, I suggest you see it soon, because if not, Bronco's Cabin may soon be swept away in the sands of time. Simon Vander Cook was a 55-year-old eccentric wanderer from Lansingburg, New York, a fortune-seeker who relatives said was always filled with utopian schemes. In 1882, he claimed he had discovered gold outside of Alford in Berkshire County, Massachusetts. Berkshire County had several small iron mines with marble and other minerals found there as well, so a gold discovery was not considered impossible. Vander Cook purchased the land for his gold strike from Oscar Beckwith in exchange for shares in the company he formed to mine the gold. If Vander Cook had actually discovered gold, the mine was not producing enough to sustain full-time operation, and he earned money by cutting trees on the property and selling the lumber. Beckwith believed he had been swindled and threatened to sue Vander Cook. Oscar Beckwith was a 72-year-old hermit who lived in the woods just across the border in Austerlitz, New York. He had a small, squalid shack with no furnishings but a stove, a bunk, and two stools, situated in an isolated spot under a ledge of rock. In spite of his age, Beckwith was strong and powerful, described as a desperate man who had served time for stealing horses. Vander Cook boarded at a farm near Alford, Massachusetts, owned by Harrison Cawkins. He left there the morning of January 10, 1882 to pay a call on Oscar Beckwith, and he never returned. Cawkins went to Beckwith's shack to look for Vander Cook, and as he approached, he could smell burning flesh. When Beckwith came out to meet him, Cawkins said, For God's sake, what are you burning? Nothing but some pork rinds, Beckwith responded. He said Vander Cook had left with a man from Green River, New York, and would not be back until March. Cawkins remained suspicious and returned the next day to find that Beckwith had fled, and inside the shack were the mutilated remains of Simon Vander Cook. The back was split down between the ribs, and the other portions were sawed and cut up. The bowels and intestines were in a basket, strips of flesh were on the bed, and an arm and leg lay on the floor alongside a blood-stained axe. In the stove, were the charred bones of his head, feet and arms. The coroner ruled that Beckwith had murdered Vander Cook, but there were no funds available to pursue the killer. The town of Alfred offered a $500 reward for his capture. The governor of New York also offered $500, and the sheriff of Columbia County offered $250. The rewards generated several arrests on suspicion, but Beckwith had already fled to Canada. With no news of Beckwith's whereabouts, the newspapers began publishing local rumors. It was alleged that Vander Cook's liver was found in Beckwith's frying pan, and part of it was missing. It appeared to some that Beckwith had washed Vander Cook's flesh and was preparing to salt it down to sustain him during the winter. It was not hard to believe that Beckwith was a cannibal. He was known to have indiscriminate eating habits. A stage driver who knew him said Beckwith had eaten a horse that died of disease. As rumors of Beckwith's cannibalism became public, the stories became more extravagant. A woman named Mrs. Wolsey Peck had gone to Pigbury's near Beckworth's Shack a few years earlier and had never returned. Perhaps Beckwith had murdered and eaten her. It was stated that Beckwith had a fondness for human flesh, especially that of Native American women. He became known as the cannibal of Austerlitz. Beckwith remained at large until 1885. Detective J. B. Gildersleeve of Columbia County tracked him throughout Canada and finally captured him in Bracebridge, Ontario. He brought Beckwith back to New York to stand trial. Oscar Beckwith was tried in Hudson, New York and convicted of the first degree murder of Simon Vander Cook. However, a succession of appeals, retrials, and lunacy hearings led to five more trials before Beckwith was ultimately convicted and sentenced to hang in 1888. Through six trials, Beckwith's alleged cannibalism was never mentioned. Beckwith was hanged in Hudson, New York, March 1, 1888. It would be New York's last execution by hanging and, at the age of 78, Beckwith would be the oldest man to hang in New York State. A modern gallows was shipped to Hudson in pieces from New York City. It was guaranteed to break the condemned man's neck quickly and cleanly, but they hadn't factored in the old man's toughness. Beckwith swung for 18 minutes before dying. WeirdDarkness.com is also where you can find all of my social media, listen to free audiobooks I've narrated, visit the store for Weird Darkness t-shirts, hoodies, mugs, phone cases, and more merchandise, sign up for monthly contests, find other podcasts that I host, and find the Hope in the Darkness page if you or someone you know is struggling with depression or dark thoughts. Also on the website, if you have a true paranormal or creepy tale to tell, you can click on Tell Your Story. You can find all of that and more at WeirdDarkness.com. All stories in Weird Darkness are purported to be true unless stated otherwise, and you can find source links or links to the authors in the show notes. The Gorbell's Vampire is by Cynthia McKenzie for Message to Eagle. Ancient cases of mass hysteria was posted at ancient pages. The disturbing story of Zachary Davis is by William DeLong for All That's Interesting. Demon of the Snow is by A. Sutherland for Ancient Pages. Brunkhouse Cabin is by Amanda Penn. And The Cannibal of Austerlitz was written by Robert Wilhelm for Murder by Gaslight. Weird Darkness is a production and trademark of Marlar House Productions. And now that we're coming out of the dark, I'll leave you with a little light. Romans 16 verses 17 and 18. I urge you, brothers, to watch out for those who cause divisions and put obstacles in your way that are contrary to the teaching you've learned. Keep away from them. For such people are not serving our Lord Christ, but their own appetites. By smooth talk and flattery, they deceive the minds of naive people. And a final thought from C. S. Lewis. Friendship is born at that moment when one person says to another, what, you too? I thought I was the only one. I'm Darren Marlar. Thanks for joining me in the Weird Darkness. Hey Weirdos, be sure to click the like button and subscribe to this channel and click the notification bell so you don't miss future videos. I post videos seven days a week. And while you're at it, spread the darkness by sharing this video with someone you know who loves all things strange and macabre. If you want to listen to the podcast, you can find it at WeirdDarkness.com.


Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's. In the US, there are approximately 60,000 new cases diagnosed every year, bringing the total number of current cases up to about a million, with tens of thousands dying from it every year. The dietary component most often implicated is milk, for which contamination of milk by neurotoxins has been considered the only possible explanation. High levels of organochlorine pesticide residues have been found in milk, and in the most affected areas in the brains of Parkinson's victims on ontosy. Since pesticides and milk have been found all over, maybe the dairy industry should require toxin screenings of milk, and there are indeed now inexpensive, sensitive, portable tests available. No false positives. No false negatives, providing rapid detection of highly toxic pesticides in milk. Now we just have to convince the dairy industry to actually do it. Others, though, are not as convinced of the pesticide link, despite clear-cut associations between milk intake and the incidence of Parkinson's disease. There's no rational explanation for milk being a risk factor for Parkinson's. If it were the pesticides, present milk, that could accumulate in the brain, we would assume that the pesticides would build up in the fat, and the link between skimmed milk and Parkinson's is just as strong. So they suggest reverse causation. The milk didn't cause Parkinson's, the Parkinson's caused the milk. Parkinson's make some people depressed, they reasoned, and depressed people may drink more milk. So we shouldn't limit dairy intake in Parkinson's, especially since they are so susceptible to hip fractures. But now we know that milk doesn't appear to protect against hip fractures. It may actually increase the risk of both bone fractures and death, but ironically may offer a clue as to what's going on in Parkinson's. But first, this reverse causation argument. Did milk lead to Parkinson's, or Parkinson's lead to milk? What one needs are prospective cohorts today, where you measure milk consumption first, and then follow people forward over time, and such studies still. Found a significant increase in risk associated with dairy intake. Risk increased by 17% for every small glass of milk a day, and 13% for every daily half slice of cheese. Again, the standard explanation that it's from the pesticides and other neurotoxins in dairy, but that doesn't explain why there's more risk attached to some dairy products than others. Pesticide residues are found in all dairy products, so why should milk be associated with Parkinson's more than cheese? Well, there are other neurotoxic contaminants in milk besides the pesticides themselves, like tetrahydroisoquinolines found in the brains of Parkinson's disease victims, but in higher levels in cheese than milk, though people may drink more milk than they eat cheese. The relationship between dairy and Huntington's appears similar. Huntington's disease is a horrible degenerative brain disease that runs in families whose early onset may be doubled by dairy consumption. But again, this may be more milk consumption than cheese consumption, which brings us back to the clue in the More Milk, More Mortality Study. Anytime you hear disease risks associated with more milk than cheese, more oxidative stress, inflammation, we should think galactose, the milk sugar rather than the milk fat protein or pesticides. That's why we think milk drinkers specifically appear to have higher risk of bone fractures in death, and may explain the neurodegeneration findings too, as not only do rare individuals with an inability to detoxify the galactose found in milk suffer damage to their bones, but also to their brains.


The guy from the big sick? The guy from the big sick? Yeah. Kumail Nanjani? Yeah! Oh yeah, I've never went over him. No, he's from Pakistan.  Uh... Um... Uh... Um... Uh... This is where I should have prepared it.  Who cannot? Was Gandhi Indian? Was Gandhi Indian? Was Gandhi Indian? Was Gandhi Indian? Gandhi. Gandhi. Gandhi. Gandhi. Gandhi. Gandhi. Gandhi. Gandhi. Besides Gandhi. Is Gandhi count? Say Deepak Chopra as my personal Indian celebrity. Ravi Shankar. Luda. Anil Kapoor. Sanam Kapoor. Yeah. Amiris Khan. I think the president is Modi. Guy from Big Bang? The Ragh? Yes. Yeah. Uh... Kumail Nanjani. Big Bang Theory. Everybody knows one famous Indian historical figure. Oh, Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi. Gandhi. Gandhi. Gandhi. Gandhi, right. Gandhi, but... Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi. Gandhi. Well, Gandhi. Well, there's Gandhi. Uh, Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi. Well, Gandhi, of course. Yeah. Anymore? I swear to God I know more. I'm just trying to think of it. The lady who directed Bendit Lake Beckham, and now I see the light, Gurinder Chhada, I believe her name is. I can name, uh, Dev Patel. He is Indian, but he's also British. Ifran Khan. Chef Cardo, he is Indian. He just passed away, but he was the most influential Indian chef that, like, brought cuisine, like, traditional regional cuisines to the United States, or Padma, Lakishmi, or whatever her name is, top chef. There's an Indian artist I really, really like. He did, like, Westernized modernism. Uh, S.H. Raza. Is Mindy Kaling Indian? Mindy Kaling. Dude, I know the man. I know the man. Where do I go? Love guru. The Dini. Um, there's a guy that you've talked to me about. His name starts with an H. Uh-huh. Is it, uh, Henrik or no? Er... Yes. Therisah. Mother Theresa. Is Mother Theresa Indian? Thoom. Thoom. Come on, then, Johnny? Yeah. Yeah. No, he's Pakistan. He's Pakistani. What's his name? Why? Joe Joe. the kind of saying, she's not Indian, this is going to be really bad, but if she is Priyanka. And then Priyanka Chopra. I'm Priyanka Chopra's. She's amazing, so. Well, she's in the movie that we watched, Shira Davi or Shira Devi, right? She's awesome. The guy who built the Taj Mahal, famous Muslim Indian. I have come across quite a few, like, I can't remember the names, but I, you know, just in my research about yoga, I have come across different gurus and gurus. There was a great Indian general that was in solidarity against the English Empire when they were trying to break away. There's a guy from like, it's called Lion or something. I think he might be Indian, but I don't know. You're thinking of Dev Patel. Um, yes. Oh, what's his name? Abdul. Abdul. I'd say there was a lot of great military leaders in their fight against Pakistan. Kumail Namajani. He's Pakistani. Yeah, I think everyone's going to say Shah Rukh Khan. No one has. No one has?