Welcome back to a new session on dentistry and more. So today we have a water purification on a large scale and small scale. So we know how we drink water on a out setup if we don't have a well or above well setup. We depend on the municipal or corporation water supply. So how we get this from municipal water supply means we get a pipe connection or there will be a centralized pipe connection which goes through every lane or every road and it goes to the every house thereby we get water. So it is very important to maintain the quality of water because it is a centralized supply if anything goes wrong it will affect a lot of people. So let's see how a large scale water is getting purified. So commonly if we have a centralized supply the first process will be purification of water. So let's see in detail about the purification of water on a large scale. So we know there is no water, no life, no blue, no green and we have a water pollution low which was came into existence in 1974. So that was just part of introduction. So today we are seeing both large scale and small scale. So small scale is a very simple household purification or disinfection of well. But the important one, the complex, the more laborious thing is large scale water purification. It has basically three steps that is the storage, second one the filtration and the third part is disinfection. So the storage part is like we collect water from the river or a lake or any common sources we collect through pipe system and we collect at a common area where this water is getting purified or we say water treatment plant. The second part is filtration. So we have two types of filters that is slow sand filters and rapid sand filters. Slow sand filters where primitive types nowadays it is not commonly used because it needs a large area. It requires a very large area because it is working by a principle of biological action. We don't add any chemicals in slow sand filters. So the gravity type action is having filters through the water bed or the filter bed and get purified. So it requires a very large amount of area because we are dealing with water purification for a very big population. So nowadays we use rapid sand filters that involves chemical actions because it doesn't need a storage. Basically this storage works with slow sand filters and rapid sand there is no need of storage. We can directly treat the raw water from the river or lake or pond or whatever. So nowadays rapid sand filters are very common because it can work 24 7 but slow sand filters need to be stopped once the filter bed is clogged or if it loses its efficiency. And the last part is disinfection we usually do with chlorine. So let's see what is small scale purification will deal it later. That is like boiling chemical disinfection using bleaching powder or chlorine or HTH tablets add in potassium per magnet and how to disinfect a well that is by using bleaching powder and double port method. This commonly we do at our house. So let's see about storage. So storage we can use a natural or artificial reservoirs. So what is the effect of storage? It has physical chemical and biological action. Physical means 90% of its impurities will be settled. There will be oxidizing action and biological the 10% of bacteria remains at the end of one week. But the optimum period is two weeks. If we keep more than two weeks there will be production of algae. So that will be a problem. So maximum we can keep it for two weeks. So it is commonly seen in biological filters. So the first part is storage. So now we are moving to filtration. Okay, so how water is getting filtered filter. We have slow sand and rapid sand. This is biological and mechanical. So slow sand filters are started in 19th century in Scotland. So basically it has a filter box and a filter control valves. Filter box has supernatant water, sand pit and under drainage system. Looks like this. This is a filter box, a cross-sectional or diagrammatic picture. So there is raw water inlet. So water goes through here. So this is biological air or schmutz-tec formation. So water will be here and it will get filtered through here.  So it goes out through here. Okay, so this is a diagrammatic representation of biological filters. So this is a vital part schmutz-tec or biological air. So it forms biologically. We are not creating it. Once the sand pit is laid, it forms automatically at one or two weeks. So that biological air is the part which actually do the filtration process. Okay, so this is what I was saying. It needs a very large area. You can see how big it is, the slow sand or biological filters. So it needs very big area. So each one is a filter bed. So it has a filter bed. Yes, you can see this is a water filter bed. All these were similar ones. So these sands were like after a few weeks, it will go useless. So we need to remove the top layer of the sand and we need to replace it with new sand. Then we have to keep it for one or two weeks to get formation of that particular biological or zoogli layer. So we need to have many similar types at the same time because once efficiency is lost, we need to drain the water and we need to replace the sand bed. But water has to be filtered because it has to go for the central supply and to houses. So we need to keep many similar plants at the same time. So it requires very large area. But in rapid sand, there is no need of storage or this type of big land area. So let's see more detail about the, filter bed or the biological filters. There is a water, there is sand bed, then there will be gravels. There is perforated pipes through which the water is collected and it goes to the main central supply. So it is a cross section. The top layer will be very minute sand, then there will be co-sat, then there will be fine gravel and there will be co-scrable and between these pipes. So since it is a cross section, it looked like this. So water collected through these pipes to the outer. Okay, so we have supernatant water, sand bed, under drainage system and walls. So these are the four components of a filter bed. So this is, I was talking about after a period of time, this entire plant will go useless because it loses its efficiency. This, the heaps of sand, what you're seeing is the top layer of unused or the not used plants because after a while it loses its efficiency. So what we do is we scrape off the top layer and remove it off because it was biological layer and it can't be used for a very long time. So after few weeks it has to be replaced because it loses its efficiency. So meanwhile you have to drain the water and you have to keep, remove this and you have to keep in new sand because it already loses its height. So we have to add new sand and wait for this top layer to become biological layer because it forms biological layer by growing algae and plankton over it. So that acts as a filter in biological filters. So basically the supernatant water will be one to 1.5 meter. So this is a waterless plant. So this is a water plant. So I was talking about this height. If water was there, how would it be look like? So this is 1.15 meter. Then it is always promotes water to the downward direction and there will be a waiting time of three to 12 hours for water undergo partial purification by sedimentation and oxidation. So there will be three to 12 hours. The water will be there three to 12 hours for actual or a good purification if good purification to happen. So what happens in the sand that is the sedimentation and mechanical straining. The supernatant water act as a settling reservoir and settleable particles sink to the sand surface, this part, then mechanical straining. Particles too big to pass through the gap between the sand grains are retained. So it will be retained here. So this filter is known as biological because there will be a formation of slimy gelatinous layer over the sand bit, which contains algae, bacteria and atoms and that is known as zooglial, vital or schmutz take layer or biological layer. So that is the part which actually does the filtration. There is no chemical we are adding. We are just using biological action of this water and sand reaction. So we know we keep a sand in a water for a while. There'll be algae formation over the top layer of sand. The same principle is applied for here for the purification of water. So this is known as heart of the slow sand filter. So there'll be a formation of white layer if we keep water for a period of time. So these particles will be retained by this biological layer which removes organic matter and holds back bacteria and also oxidizes ammoniacal nitrogen into nitrates. So this is the vital part or the most important part in slow sand filter or the biological sand filter. So the filtration and storage is most vital part in slow sand filter. So storage is not very important in rapid sand filter. So I'll explain you. So this is known as schmutz take or vital layer or biological layer. So there'll be under drainage system. So which is very shorter that is 0.15 meter. It is always at the bottom of filter bed. So this is under drainage system. So through this, the water drained and goes to the central supply. There'll be porous pipe which I shown just now and rate of filtration is 0.1 to 0.4. There'll be walls to regulate the flow of water. We can control the outlet of water after the purification. Then we need to do the filter cleaning. That is, that was I was showing this picture. This is a filter cleaning process, okay? So in slow sand filters, filter cleaning is done by a process known as scraping. So we know what is scraping. So we scrape off the top layer once it becomes useless. Okay, so filter cleaning. If the bed resistance is very high, then we need to open the walls fully, drain the water and scrape the top portion of sand up to two centimeter depth. Then we need to replace it. So after three to four years, new filter bed is constructed. So this picture you can see, this is after three to four years of usage. We remove this two to three centimeter of top layer. Then we keep a new layer for the next usage. So advantages is very effective. It is the most effective compared to the rapid sand. And simple to construct, there is no chemical action. There is no need of energy or electrical or other forms of energy. We need to just wait for the purification process. Construction is basically cheaper, but it requires very large area. Next, we see the rapid sand filters. So that is the most commonly used. And there are two types. It started in USA 1885. Gravity or open type and use type, pressure type, potassium and candies. So this is how it look like if the water is drained completely. This part is a filter part. So this is a structure of, for a flow diagram of this rapid sand filter. So first, there's no storage. If we are storage or we are taking with the raw water, we need to mix it with alum or coagulant. So there'll be first process is rapid mixing for 30 seconds. Then there'll be flocculation for 15 to 30 minutes. Then we keep it for sedimentation one to four minutes. So there'll be coagulant, it will be settled. Then we send it for filtration, then disinfection. Okay, so this part is much more complicated than rapid sand, storage, raw sand. There was no coagulant, it was only gravity action. Here we act, coagulant act as a first part of purification because all the particles will be coagulated because we are adding a coagulant. It becomes floc after flocculation. It is a slow circling or slow rotation of the paddles which causes flocc formation and flocc will be sedimented. So a part of purification is done here because we are doing it a very rapid phase. We need to pump it for a very shorter period. We can't wait for a very longer time. We have no waiting time. Usually in slow sand, there is three tutorials waiting hour. Here is there is no waiting hour. We just wait for 15 to 30 minutes rapid mixing 30 seconds, 15 minutes or 30 minutes flocculation then max one for sedimentation. There it was 10 hours waiting period was there. So here it is done very fastly. Then we remove the coagulants then we send it for filtration. Filtration bed is same as what we seen earlier. Only thing is it is just mechanical straining. There is no biological layer formation because already most of the particles and impurities, bacteria is already removed at this process. So here the part of filtration is done at filter table. So rapid sand filter is almost similar as our slow sand. Only thing is it is working at a very slow, sorry, very shorter period of time. And really there is no need for really big land. Can do it at a very close space or a shorter space. So this was the first part aeration. So first part the raw water from the river or on will be done a process of aeration. So it will get oxidized. So the first step was coagulation. So we add alum to the water by five to 40 milligram per liter. So you can see this process coagulation. So coagulant will be added. So there will be rapid mixing. That is in mixing chamber, violent mixing will be done. So this coagulant will be coagulating the impurities. So it becomes flow and it will be settled or sedimented. So that is known as flocculation. So after this rapid mixing, so it will be sent to the flocculation chamber. So there will be slow stirring of water by paddles maybe for 30 minutes. So flocculant alumina hydroxide, what it does is it entangles all particulate suspended matter along with bacteria. Then it will be sedimented at the sedimentation chamber and it will be removed. So that was a difference between biological and rapid sand filters because this process was not there in rapid sand filters. So the next part was filtration. Okay, so the first part was absent in rapid slow sand, the flocculation sedimentation coagulation, rapid mixing, flocculation was not there. Sedimentation was there, but it was along with the filtration, but here it was separate. So after sedimentation, we sent this water to filtration bed. In slow sand, it was all along in a simple chamber where the sedimentation and filtration happens. So filtration is like filter bit, how we seen the slow sand. The difference I have a one table in next slides. So there'll be sand particle 0.4 to 0.7, graded gravel 30 to 40 centimeter, then there'll be one to 1.5 water on the top and rate of filtration, this is 5 to 15. And remaining alum flocs from a slimy layer over sand bit, it holds back the bacteria, oxidizes, organic matter. So this alum floc will be there. So it act as a very slimy layer over the sand bit. So it act as a filter unit or you can say similar to the biological layer, but actually it is a mechanical process, mechanical straining happening, but still there'll be a alum floc over the sand bit. So the scraping process was done in slow sand filters for cleaning the bed once its efficiency is lost, but the back washing is done in rapid sand filters. So what is back washing? So it is by air bubbles or water. He's pumped in a reverse direction from the under. When floc layer becomes very thick and about 15 minutes. So if the floc layer, the alum floc layer over the top becomes very thick so that it holds back the water, it is no longer doing the filtration. What we have to do is we have to remove it. So how we remove it? We pump air or water, mostly air from underneath so that it creates pressure and the top layer will be outflowed and it removes the, all of this alum floc. So it takes maybe 15 minutes, but you can see the slow sand filtration, we have to remove the entire big area. So we need to rebuild it. We need to recreate a sand bit. We need to put new sand and wait for it to become biological air. So this is a very simple process. We can do back washing in 15 minutes. So this is a cross section we already seen. So advantages is the fastness is very fast actually. You can do the raw water directly. There is no need of storage. The filter bed occupy very less space compared to the big land area which requires for the slow sand. Filtration is almost 40 to 50 times faster than slow sand filter. And washing of the filter is very, very easy compared to the slow sand there. It was scraping and a lot of replacement. Here it is only 15 minutes of back washing and there is more flexibility. So just compare the slow and rapid sand area, rapid sand very lateral space, very large area. The rate of filtration is very high 200 where it is just two to three. Sand size was 0.4 to 0.7. It is lesser. Retreatment in rapid sand we need coagulant. We need to sediment it first before treating it to filter bed. But there is only sedimentation happening in the slow sand because it is totally biological action. Filter cleaning here we have seen back washing through air or water. Here it is scraping. Operation we need more workers, more energy, more people because it requires more skill adding of alum operating this back washing because it is less skilled. Once it starts it will go like that. Only thing after two to three years we need to remove the sand bed or scraping of sand bed. Removal of color is very good in rapid. It was better. Slow sand was actually better. Removal of bacteria was good in slow sand compared to rapid sand. This was a summary of the slow and rapid sand filters. So I can just show you the comparison here. There is only biological layer but here you can see there is coagulant flocculation. Then sedimentation is there both places. But this spot is not there in conventional slow sand because this is the part where the purities are removed. And also filtration is also there. So next part is disinfection that was the last part. So disinfection usually done by chlorine. So why we are doing disinfection? Like what are the criterias that is, should not be influenced from properties of water within short time, should not be toxic and color imparting or leave water importable. Importable means drinkable. Should be available cheap and easy to use. There should not be any residual concentration to deal with contamination. Easily detectable. Simple techniques. So what chlorination is done?  So these are the actions. Water and chlorine it become hypochlorate and hydrochloric acid. So hypochlorate it will become H plus and this ion. And this ammonia is combined with chlorine. So this chemical reactions happen when we add chlorine to the water. So these are the principles of chlorination. Water should be clear, free from turbidity.  So free residual chlorine for a contact period of one hour we need to keep. And there is a break point that is a point when chlorine demand of water is met and free residual chlorine appears. So if we take one liter of water, we keep adding chlorine at one point of time because we keep on adding chlorine so it will get dissolved at one point of time it will start appearing because it dissolved completely. The remaining portion will be become residual chlorine. So that point is break point chlorine. So principle of break point chlorine is to add sufficient chlorine so that there should be a 0.5 milligram per every liter free residual chlorine should be present in water. So that means if it is very contaminated the break point chlorination will be high. If one liter of water we take and we add two milligram per liter of chlorine and another very contaminated water it might require maybe five milligram per liter. It depends on the contamination of water. Okay, so finally we have to decide the dose of chlorine that is chlorine demand plus free residual chlorine. The chlorine demand is the break point chlorination at the amount of chlorine where this free residual chlorine appears. So minimum recommended concentration of free chlorine is 0.5 milligram per liter for one hour. So that amount of free chlorine should be present. So how to calculate it? It's suppose if we are taking one liter we add two milligram per liter so it start showing free residual chlorine. So we add a 0.5 milligram per liter so it retains 0.5 milligram. If it is very contaminated five or six or seven it will be dissolved. So we add a 0.5 milligram per liter extra. So this 0.5 milligram per liter will be there for the chlorination action or the disinfection. So we can use it by chlorine gas, chloramine or perchlorone. So commonly used chlorine gas. So how do we do a small scale water purification we can do boiling chlorine tablets add in potassium permanganate. So well cleaning by two methods that is one adding bleaching border. So how much bleaching border we should add then we can calculate with this pi D square H by four. This D is the diameter of the well achieves the depth of the water and pi 3.14 and we can calculate it. So that much amount we need to add. So double port method was a simple method invented by NERY that is National Engineering Environmental Engineering Research Institute in Nagpur. So the same institute who developed our Nalgonda Technique for Fluorine Deflugation. So we keep a cylindrical board there will be two boards. So one port will be inside and one port will be outside the smaller port will be this much dimension that is height 28 centimeter and diameter 16 centimeter and all at the upper portion. So what we mix we keep one kilogram bleaching border and two kilogram co-sand and the bigger one will be having a height 30 centimeter diameter 25 centimeter all at the lower portion. Okay, so this will be immersed in the well and we keep when we do disinfect of a well. So this is repeat after every three weeks this is known as double port because it has two ports. So that's all about water purification. The basic difference between slow and rapid sun was important. In slow sun there was no chemical we are adding it was biologically happening with the formation of a biological air sedimentation was there and biological action. So water is getting filtered but whereas in rapid sun filters there'll be a chemical alum we adding we do it does the coagulation and flocculation so flocs will be removed that was a part of filtration and again it will go to the filtration bit. So that's all about purification of water on a large scale and a small scale. The important part was rapid sun and slow sun and this principles of chlorination like dose of chlorine how much chlorine we need to add that is chlorine demand. That is a break point chlorination the point at which the residual chlorine appears. So always we should have a 0.5 milligram per liter of residual chlorine per hour contact time for a water we should say if it is portable. So this is the mechanism of portable water portable means drinkable without drinkable water without any pathogens. So that's all about water purification. I'll come up with a new session on dentistry and more. Thank you.


OK. Dobro, ampak, da sem več, smo zelo pošli, da smo bagali, ker bi zelo skupil, da smo načeliš, patošli na kljeni, tako bo bi bilo bolj, da smo v tem, da je nekaj dobro. Zelo, da so vse, in ne zelo vzal. V desetji roj, da se tudi odnijemo, da je to zelo zelo. So, da se so tudi odnijemo. Vzelo, da se zelo zelo zelo. Vzelo, da se zelo zelo. Zelo, da se zelo zelo. Zelo, da se zelo zelo. Zelo, positions of of. Aof geography of the University of of Manchester. In the school of environment and development. Ereak iz from Belgian originality was born in famous speaking Belgian and he knows a fluent in that in four languages that French languages of Belgium, English and English, in spaničnih. Vsi nekaj, ki so se zelo, ki so se v Spanii.  P.H.D. v geografiji in enviromentalnih inginirih z pravami odopravosti bo, da je prijisto carrotu vo operacijenke, nekako je začela, godine, da je prijeva, na svoj Transfer tudi, kako se priiznaje vater, David Harvey, sem zapelo, in David Harvey sa svojem so bil počasovati svoj vzgovor. več zelo naši studenci, ki so naredili, in več izgledali, da je tukaj. Erich je od 88. do 2006. prof. geografija v Oxfordu, svoju universitetu, svoju collega St. Peter. In je v 2006 do Manjšestu, kaj je ještje, da je skupnil, je odličen od nekaj mnogodnih publikacijov, ljudi v artiklu, vse editeti, in vse monografi, environments in ravlj about the lester, where we develop a few teams coming out of that as someone who is developed in the wake of David Harvist work. There is a lot of work with this imprint in cities. Well, also the background in prejdečne, da so neko v paredju, neko v ekipediju, neko v težavke, ki so se pravne izstavili.  The title of the book is the Post-Political and its Discontents, Spaces of Depoliticization Specters of Radical Politics. That came out last year and this year again in paperback. Edinburgh University Press. And then his very latest book that came out just at the beginning of the summer, Liquid Power Contested Hydro-Modernities in 20. Century Spain. And here again is Spain that I just mentioned. So without further delay, please join me in welcoming Eric Swingidov. Thank you very much. Thank you very much, Jill Butte. It's a pleasure to be here and the privilege to have been invited by Soez and Jill Butte to present this lecture this evening. As you've heard from Jill Butte's introduction, I've always been interested in radical politics. And in particular the articulation between radical politics and the urban. The way in which many of us, David Harvey, included have done that over the past 30 years or so since 1970s, 1980s. As well as the following way is that we assumed that a substantive theorization of the social, economic and the urban would give us the instruments, the tools, the tactics, if not the strategies of mobilizing or engaging in radical politics. Marxists have always made this their staple. We have to understand capitalism in order to fight it. And of course feminists, post-colonialists and others have more or less made the same claims. We first have to critically understand the multiple axes around which power the exclusion and unevenness is structured in order to come up with the strategies and tactics that can change potentially the modalities of inequality, disempowerment and exclusion. The point I want to make in a sort of roundabout way this evening is that that may possibly hypothetically have been a mistake. That we might want to revisit this implicit assumption that there is a relationship between substantive critical theorization of the kind that I mentioned and radical or progressive political action. In contrast to that, I'm going to argue that what is urgently required for us intellectuals and theoreticians of the city and urbanization is to foreground the political more centrally, to think through what the political is or might be today at the beginning, it's not any longer the beginning anymore, of the 21st century. And what the relationship, if any, is between your political theorization, political mobilization and the transformation of the urban order. So what I'm not going to do is engage with the sort of work that people like Saskia Sassan have done or Neil Brenner said, well, if you really want to understand urbanization today, you have to do it in the context of the process of planetary urbanization that shape the condition of combined uneven geographical development, blah, blah, blah, et cetera. And through that, a proper understanding of that, we've come up with a better set of tactics and strategies to deal with radical politics in Istanbul, Kathmandu or London. I don't think that's the case. So I'm going to take another tack. I'm going to talk about insurgent practices in the planetary city and to articulate that through examining what I would consider to be a paradoxical situation. And the paradoxical situation is the following. On the one hand, a number of more or less influential authors that put up to here, because there's a lot of late Nobel Prize winning Portuguese novelists. On the one hand, and Russell Brandt and up comedian, all around bad boy, who in their very different ways say exactly the same thing. There's nothing they claim that we can any longer do with the democratic. Just a facade, Salamago says, something he explores wonderfully well in his, in his last novel, seeing where he chronicled the disintegration in a certain way of the democratic spectacle and the reimagining of what the democratic might be by yekronikling the unfolding of a democratic procedure in this little town that he'd been written about at least two more times. Most of you are familiar with the city of the blind. This wonderful novel where situated in this town where everyone went magically, strangely blind, except for one woman, which was basically an allegory of the disintegration of civilization as we know it. It's a democratic condition. It's a story where people do precisely as Russell Brandt calls us to do stop voting. There is no point. This is Jorju Agamben, who also in his own radical philosophical manner tries to explore this strange ye process, of deep politicization where he says that there is a shift that has been a shift from the model of the polis that's because the name, the political name of the city, the city has a political space as a space for civic and public engagement versus the city as this kind of geographical concentration, accumulation of bodies and stuff in places like London. There is a shift on the model of the polis found in a center, there is a public center, a new metropolitan spatialization that is certainly invested in the process of deep politicization. This is quite a common argument made that we all have been over the past decade or so living under conditions of radical deep politicization. Clearly manifested in the fact that most people, certainly my students when I take a straw poll and ask them, did you vote last time? And I get 20-30 percent of university students who exercised their democratic citizenship entitlement. We had elections in Greece just a few weeks ago where the turnout was an all time low for Greek standards which was around 50-55 percent. This is well documented and chronicled. Yet in this sphere of deep politicization we've seen a strange return of massive outbursts of discontent centered around cities, in the world, hopping from center to center from city to city operating under a variety of names operating under very different very heterogeneous social, economic and political conditions. Yet where there seems to be although we don't know precisely how a sort of uncanny affinity when these outbursts of urban discontent are deep frog from Cairo, from Tunis to Cairo from Cairo to Athens from Athens to Thessaloniki from Thessaloniki to Madrid, from Madrid to Barcelona from Barcelona to Istanbul from Istanbul to Santiago to Chile from Santiago to Chile to Tel Aviv from Tel Aviv to Hong Kong from Hong Kong to Hamburg. This is a paradoxical situation where on the one hand there is this argument of deep seat politicization yet, at least since the magical year 2011 and it's aftermath the multiple and massive expression of insurrectional movements that basically say we have enough we do not any longer accept what goes for democracy or what is understood as such in the particular urban and national context in which we operate so these are just a few of the more evocative names that we have become to associate with this multiplication of urban planetary urban political discontent how can we make sense of this apparent paradox this is the most later one in Frankfurt on the occasion of the opening of the new headquarters of the European Central Bank this new sort of European policing agent ask the great people what they think of the democratic nature of this Frankfurt based institution now many would consider these outbursts as impotent impotent outbursts that flare up in which a bunch of people have fun for a while it's a great spectacle of enjoyment that for a few weeks best a few months shake in a certain way in a spectacular way the status quo but then things return to normal well I would like to suggest that perhaps these movements are politically more performative than what one might expect in 2013 in Davos Davos is this name of a little town where the assorted elites of the world come together to chart out to organize the making geographical of their dream of what a good world is all about it's not my dream but they clearly have a dream of how to transform the geographical organization of places and cities and countries according to their own imaginary and of course they all know as well as we know imaginaries do not become real without resistance without all manner of obstacles put in place by people like us so every year at Davos the world risk report is published it's a wonderful read the world risk report because it's of course an analysis of what the greatest obstacles and the risks are for the assembled elites that stand in the way of the potential realization of their bad dream for the world so for example in 2011 of course it was the financial in 2013 the number one risk that the world economic forum identified in their 600 page world risk report was called seeds of dystopia I had to read the whole god damn 600 pages to figure out seeds of dystopia and of course what they meant was the extraordinary proliferation of outbursts of urban discontents of the kind that I was referring to they of course refer to it as seeds of dystopia it's not a kind of metaphor that I would have used for these kind of outbursts but it did suggest that to a certain extent they had a kind of performativity it shook up a bit the certainties that usually accompany these sort of meetings in the aftermath of those insurrectional moments which are of necessity short lived bactinian outburst of great spectacles which of course are not sustainable they cannot be sustained that is of course not the issue you can't go on occupying public squares in cities for the rest of your life because that's not life the whole point of course is to get home and have a life but have a different sort of life so the key question of course is not one of discontinuous, impotent occupying of places and consider them to be really vital but ultimately pre-political events that may or may not and only under certain very specific conditions and configurations may lead to the slow, difficult process of politicization that begins in a variety of ways to change the common sense of everyday life because that is what of course those collected insurgents want to achieve a change in the common sense of the world that what was considered nonsensical today that becomes common sensical the next day so I am very intrigued in the diverse modalities through which under certain circumstances these outbursts might signal and I am uncertain theoretically and empirically how the two actually hang together I don't have an answer but at least I would insist some sort of connectivity between these urban outbursts of radical discontent and processes of emergent repolitizization the kind of process that goes under the variegated name of Ceresa in Greece, Podemos in Spain right to the city movement in Poland and other places the HDP in Turkey or perhaps Coralbin in the UK so, let me try to say something then about these insurgent cities so first I want to explore for a moment theoretically this kind of strange paradoxical situation well on the one hand there is this argument of the argument that I and many others have made that we today living in post democratic post geopolitical configuration the configuration that radically disavows the political which then of course ask the question of what do I mean by the political and I want to say something to briefly about the theoretical perspectives that tries to account for a whole together this strange paradoxical situation between a depoliticized polity on the one hand and the reemergence of the political as manifested in these mass movements of radical discontent and then say something about how this articulates with these insurgent urban movements that I exemplified to conclude to ask myself with Alain Badiou whether what we have seen over the past few years is just a blip or whether it may signal the the beginning, the reawakening as Badiou calls the reawakening of history history understood as the process of emancipatory struggle so let me first say something about the dynamics of depoliticization When I use the word post depoliticization I usually get the classic and fairly trivial objection that the prefix post seems to suggest that once upon a time things were political but that today they're not any longer and I do admit that this prefix of post is somewhat misleading however I like to use it in the way in which people like Zizak and Ranciel are mobilizing the concept of post depoliticization as a particular figure or dispositive of depoliticization so post depoliticization will give some content in a moment is a process of a particular kind by which the political is evacuated from the spaces of public engagement there are other such tactics which Ranciel defines as archipolitics parapolitics or metapolitics let me exemplify one of them metapolitics is the classic Marxist of a certain type Marxist ploy when in argument they tell you if you want to do politics change the economy struggle over the ownership of the means of production that's a metapolitic where the terrain of the political is displaced onto a different terrain in this case the terrain of the social organization the class configuration of production and then saying if we change that everything will be fine that's a metapolitical evacuation of the political we try to explore the contours of the present process of post-gipoliticization something that is very clearly visible in the current structures, practices and mechanisms of urban governance so post-gipoliticization is a process of consensualizing technomanagerial forms of governance whereby the political sphere has been reduced to a set of contest debates over issues that are accepted as contentious yet where only the technomanagerial configuration can be disputed while the frame under which these problems appear cannot be addressed this process of post-gipoliticization has a set of characteristics it is sustained by the invocation of a permanent state of emergency of crisis the tropes around to which emergency becomes continuously staged as one of the vehicles through which radical political dispute becomes evacuated is around four key issues the economy trust us, the elite say we know this iteration is difficult but trust us we have a set of technomanagerial processes ready that will make sure that civilization as we know it can go on the immigration the environment and security the second characteristics of deep politicization and the post-gipolitical conditions is the process by which contentious choices are reduced to excel accountancy spreadsheet it is that only those choices are rendered legitimate that adhere to an economic calculus if I were to say today to my students higher education should be free for all those who are willing and have the capacity to go to higher education most would say that I am a dinosaur who has forgotten that the 20th century is forever finished so this is what is meant by the economization of politics well at the same time there is a process of the deep politicization of the economic sphere that is the modalities through which we organize the transformation of nature the economy the modalities through which we distribute that organization of the transformation of nature and the consequences thereof that the economy the production and distribution of goods and services that cannot be rendered contentious and all this is sustained by expert management the governance today to expert management in which of course the biopolitical happiness of the population is the generally accepted and officially proclaimed objective of policy making these forms of post political governance are increasingly managed to what I and others have called autocratic forms of post democratic governance beyond the state Colin Karauč is probably the one the political sociologist who has paid greatest attention to the evacuation of the democratic substance of the configurations of governance in that govern our cities countries in the region the classic example of that is the European Union or the Troika is that the state? well not quite is it apparatus of governance surely is what is its democratic accountability legitimacy representation scales this transformation of the democratic content of the registers of governance is actually fully endorsed it is fully endorsed this is fully recognized it is fully recognized in the demand for and open invitation for participation participate in the governance has in Europe and elsewhere become one of the key features through which the democratic lacuna ought to be remedied of course what one of my colleagues in Manchester is called the tyranny of participation is nothing else than a symptom of the decline of the democratic and certainly stands in the recipe for the transformation of the non-democratic content of the new registers of post-democratic governance so in such configuration of course dispute is still possible dispute is in fact properly acknowledged and invited but it is dispute over the techno managerial arrangements of the generally recognized problematic next month in Paris we will see yet again a beautiful example of that in Paris when the global leaders will try to deal with the climatic catastrophe we are already in which will invariably unfold over a techno managerial dispute over a few percentage points what is censored is what Shakira will call dissensors the radical disagreement over different ways of organizing the social institutional configuration of our life so in that sense Fukuyama when he more than 20 years ago argued that history is over was actually right history is indeed over however this ideal of a post-democratic form of consensual politics is strangely not continuously disrupted by the fragmenting forces that cut through this ideal of consensus take for example the law of identity and how many of our urban violent outbursts or not all of them but some of them articulated around the law of identity the law of identity that of course is matched by the governing elites in a very particular way remember when Manchester and London were burning what Cameron called those who were protesting skam the French word for that is the old Greek word for that is which stands against the demos the Oglos are those who are not entitled to be part of the polis but of course consensual arrangements of post-political governance is also cut through not just by politics of identity but also by politicizing forms of outbursts of discontent this is a picture of a Madrid in 2011 in Dignados occupied by the Del Sol plus the Catalonia and you can all understand enough Spanish to read the slogan democracia real ya has a bit of an odd slogan is it not in Madrid this is not Kylo but it might make sense this is in Madrid real democracy now this is a scandalous statement given given that Spain has gone through it tremendous and allegedly extraordinarily successful process of democratization after having suffered one of the longest dictatorships of the 20th century in Europe between 1939 and 1975 so no one would question that Spain is a properly constituted democracy and here there are a bunch of people well a few hundred thousand democracy now so there is an odd sort of tension contradiction between the insurgent democratic demands and expressions articulated by these heterogeneous insurgents on the one hand and instituted forms of quote-unquote democratic organization and some of those that I have suggested have begun to translate into performative forms of politicization Turkey, Greece, Spain and it possibly here so how can we make sense of this I think it's useful in this context to recall one of Michel Foucault's later works the last lecture she gave to the College of 1979 in 1980 which was much more centrally concerned with the politics of liberalism and neoliberalism much more than with the capital micro politics that marked his earlier work in one of his lectures he said the people and of course he means here the people as a political category as a democratic political category is those who refusing to be the population is refusing to be the objects of biopolitical governance disrupt the system that's quite an extraordinary statement to make because it does spit insurgent political movements against instituted politics so in order to make theoretical sense of that I found it useful to look at some of the more of the recent post foundational political thought which actually goes back several decades but my distinction is made between politics on the one hand and the political on the other the French the beautifully gendered language it is because it is respectively low politic and low politic political low politic in Spanish deep politic in German the importance of separating these two out is not to suggest that there is some sort of dialectical articulation between instituted politics on the one hand and the disruptive processors that undermine and interrupt these institutions no, they are actually radically distinct and different, there is no connection between the two low politic politics refers to what is the ontic of everyday policy making it is the stuff of political scientists it refers to the rituals of participation to the democratic channels of voting the assemblies from the city council, national parliament european parliament that institutionally organized the analysis of the various sociological agents and actors that shape and structure the policy making process and which is always and of necessity somewhat oligarchic we know that every single one of our substantive theorizations shows us convincingly that any form of governance is to a certain extent unequal disempowering for some while empowering for others in other words is to a certain extent autocratic the political in contrast to that low politic is that, that stands for is the name that stands for the radical heterogeneity that cuts through the social in other words the political is the name, the world that stands for the fact that society does not exist so Thatcher was right here but on very different grounds the political is the name that stands for the fact that we radically disagree that there is no such thing as a coherent society and it's precisely the political that manifests itself so what are the moments when radical disagreement and radical heterogeneity become expressed is the moment when those that disagree stand up and show that disagreement so I would argue that the urban insurgencies that we've seen or nothing else than manifestations of the political at work I don't want to go through the theoretical details of that but I have not yet considered which I want to briefly consider is if the political is the world that stands for radical heterogeneity that manifests itself the moment when the people in the in the vocodian sense of the world that is not the majority of the population that is the moment when those who disagree stand up they remember in 2010-11 when in Cairo the Egyptian people were rising up that was all over the media and I joined the Egyptian people were rising up this was of course a lie or when the Indignada said we the Spanish people that's a lie this is a tiny minority sociologically speaking a few hundred thousand people who metaphorically stand but in no way sociologically or politically stand for the whole of the population in fact they stand exactly for the opposite of that so the democratic the political I would argue insist that the place of power is structurally vacant in other words that anyone and everyone can temporarily occupy the place of power it presumes equality it presumes your political equality that's a presumption axiomatic we know that sociologically speaking we are unequal our sociological theorists have told us that in thousands of different ways we are unequal on gender ethnic class and other terms much of progressive politics was based still on trying to remedy the sociologically observed inequalities now this has nothing to do I would insist to be the notion of political equality which is the presumption of equality it presumes that we are all equal in the face of empirically verifiable inequalities it insists the democratic insist on the egalitarian capacity of each and all politically it affirms that there is no pre-given society in other words it affirms the absent ground of society by re-centering the political as the egalitarian capacity of each and all to act geopolitically that's precisely here that we begin to discern the gap between the democratic and democracy Michel Abensoud argued indeed that the political is an emergent property that operates at a distance from the state that operates versus politics and the police so from that perspective if we now go back to articulating the political as I explored it through these variegated forms of urban insurgencies that have choreographed so much of urban life over the past few years I would argue bitrancier in orders that the political can be understood in the actively revealed moment of eruption an event that opens up a procedure that disrupts any given social spatial order one that addresses her own in the name of an utterly contingent but axiomatic presumption of equality of each and everyone this alone is a condition in which the presumption of equality is perverted through the institution of an always oligarchic police order so the political as an imminent practice appears in the act of performatively staging equality it's a procedure that simultaneously makes visible the long of the given situation transgresses the fantasy of the order that exists that there is no alternative possible and demands the impossible and it does so but inaugurating the potential of instituting a new order my favorite example here is Rosa Parks I guess who put a black bum on the wrong seat of the bus was not the first time that that happened happened many time before she knew precisely what she was doing of course she was at the same time expressing her wrong and performing equality when that happened one usually encounters with the wrath and the violence of governance of the police in this case but only retroactively we can identify it as the inaugural moment of what later would be called the civil rights movement so the political event cannot be decided a priori the political event cannot be decided while it's ongoing only retroactively in the unfolding of the performative procedures of politicization that an event can be identified as a political event that unleashes a process of democratic transformation so what can we then say about the insurgent urban acting as political acting as first of all insurgent democracy operates against the state emerged as a distance from the state but you calls engaged in the politics of subtraction secondly there is no foundational place location of subject insurgent democracy is characterized by a process of common subjectivation that cuts through sociological miracles of political subjectivation that is that these insurgents could not be easily identified as proletarians man, women, young, old it was the appearance of a common political subject the political appears as a very specific very concrete and very particular but stands in its specific concrete particularity as the metaphorical condensation of the universal that's why it can be so readily identified as a democratizing movement against the identitarian expressions of discontent that also accompany the post geopolitical order urban democratic acting revolves around the tropes of emergence insurrection and spatializing equality it's an interruption in the order of the sensible and its main aim is the reframing of a common sense it is the making of a new world within the world and most importantly it does not happen in teatres like this it operates in and through the metaphorical and material production of its own spatiality without spatialization politicization is important so to conclude now can we begin to discern in those movements and the aftermath of the awakening of history I don't know but what I want to conclude to it is a set of questions theoretical questions that I believe are important for those who still believe in the possibility of a radical emancipatory project in the 21st century because that's the choice we're faced with it's the choice we're faced with either we mobilize the best of our humanitarian capabilities to manage the state of the situation to the best of our ability or we inscribe ourselves within the politicizing movements that believe and fight for a transformation of the common sense towards a more egalitarian and solidarity-paced order many interlocutors have argued that these insurgent urban movements are political I have my doubts about that I would call them pre-political but such pre-political outbursts of discontent are absolutely vital and we know some of the contours of that they are highly localized they bring together in a contracted manner all sorts of people in a moment and period of intensified acting which in itself is not sustainable in there coming together in this intense way prefigured some of the modalities of a transformed democratic acting the questions that open up in the aftermath of such insurrectional events that's when the public spaces just be cleared the tents are packed and people go home again to live the ordinary everyday life as they should is how the question becomes how can the practices desires be sustained beyond the Bactinian spectacle how can the particular acting out that you would find in taxim square be universalized and we've seen in Turkey for example how they are doing this with the consequences of that you probably saw the images yesterday which were in some way undoubtedly connected with this process of politicization how can we sustain the transformation and transgression of the symbolic order in other words how can we move indeed to a positive dialectic of transformation and get out of the infernal cycle of resistance which in much of the literature that I come across particularly in the Anglo-Saxon world is the horizon of what is possible how can we move from resistance to an egalitarian order to a process of action transforming in egalitarian order what are the stages and practices of realizing the impossible yet things that are immediately realizable in other words as a geographer I think one of the key questions is how and what form and what condition can the urban event be specialized so that the process of planetary urbanization that we're living in can correspond to politicizing process of universalizing equality in order to do that I think what these insurgents seem to suggest is that the political names of emancipatory struggle that have animated progressive politics in the 19th and 20th century are not any longer performative I would argue that the privileged subject position of the proletarian that animated so much of 1920th century radical politics needs to be visited in light of the heterogeneous form of subjectivation that have animated and still animate the new emancipatory politics I also think that these insurgencies shows and demonstrated that a traditional means of organizing progressive struggle the political party as the organizing vehicle to which to structure organize and strategize with respect to emancipatory politics is not any longer viable and that is an urgent need expressed in practice but where theoretically we have very little to contribute is what is the form of organization adequate to the new forms of politicization that we see and what is the terrain of struggle what is the terrain of power to be occupied and I think what both these insurgents as well as the forms of planetary urbanization suggest is that the state cannot any longer be the single and privileged form of the terrain to which power has to be occupied so how do we confront the day after the day after blues not many of you feel a bit bluesy after the joys of the insurgencies of 2012-2013 after the joy of Syriza winning for the first time the post-war history extreme left wing party winning the elections being smashed so I think there is an urgent agenda here to think through the day after how we can move from the seeds of dystopia that the world economic forum was talking about can move to the alleal of the possible how can the process be sustained what are the political procedures in the form of organization the subjectivities, the terrain around which a progressive politics today has to articulate and most importantly perhaps how do we confront the violence the unspeakable violence that invariably meets the moment that real democratizing political forces show some form of effectiveness over the summer I wasn't al-finish over the summer I was extraordinarily intrigued not being in the UK over the summer but reading is an extraordinary story about Carlebin and the violence the extraordinary violence discursive as it may be there has been mobilized and I don't think if these kind of radical politicizations that have become even more performative if you consider the past between January and July the extraordinary violence and inflicted by the combined national international elites to make sure that nothing really happened so I think this is one of the great intellectual and practical challenges that faces any kind of democratic emancipatory procedures that is how to confront the violence of those who by all means possible will try to make sure that nothing really changes I leave it with that, thank you very much


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Hei, fel yw'r swyddiad ym mwrdd o'r ysgolwch i gael yw'r newydd yma, hi, hi, hei, yw Lydia a dyna yw'r gwneud hynny o'r sefydliad 136. So, yna'r sefydliad 136 o'r fathau? Mae'r fathau sy'n cymdeithasol a'r 24 hwn o'r rhan o'r 12 hwn. Dw i diwnaz i gyhoedd y thickness ostnwch yn 136 o'r financial mae'n dod â'r fathau Y pethaubased hon weighwch heddiw ac rydyn ni wneud y fathau a ddweud Casin attacks a gwle합니다ig ymatech 것 orderbyn gychwyn cymryd am y cyfion I wedi cynnig y fl foundations dda'n Sarah Brindbad yr iawn hyfanydd yma i'r £ surendo arnyn i'r £ straff o derinu fathydd eu fathau этом Figuron 116 Rhyw diach nhw ydw ddweud o'r chyfreidd Syria felly mae'n meddwl 1-3-6 gweithio a'r aeon a'r police station yw'r lastriddor. Mae'r only police officers have the power to use a 1-3-6. So y section 1-3-6 is a preunit part of the mental health fact. I've had it used on me, I don't know how many times, but once you're detained under that mental health fact, the police have the power to remove you anywhere. It can be a bit criminalising, because they can put you in handcuffs and leg restraints. So I keep thrashing back to a specific, the last time I was 1-3-6, was that they definitely felt criminalising. The last time I was 1-3-6 was when I lived in Kingston, and basically I climbed on the other side of the bridge with pretty obvious intentions, and two unmarked police officers turned off and picked me up and pulled me over to the side. And then I asked the police, can't turn off, and I was putting handcuffs behind my back. I know when we got to hospital, I tried to bash my head against the wall, so they put me in leg restraints so I couldn't get up and move. And let me tell you, in leg restraints, they hurt. When that's the last time I was 1-3-6, I don't really want to carry on talking about that, because a lot's changed in time.  I think section 1-6 is a necessary part of the mental health act.  Yes, but it is a necessary part of the mental health act. And to run like it did, I'd just been dead a long time ago, and it wasn't for that act. Thanks for watching. If you're new, subscribe, check out the links in the description down below. If you want to support the channel I have a Patreon, a coffee account, and my PayPal link, they're all down below. And just subscribing and liking the video if it helps. But if you want to help with more Patreon, it's there. Thanks for watching. I'll see you guys in my next video. Peace.


Hello, Sandy Toxford here. I love the NHS. It's looked after me and a number of friends in their hour of need. And I share a birthday with it, so I feel like we're kindred spirits. However, it feels like there might be some American corporations coming to chew it up and buy off the bits of it that they want. And that's not cool, as far as I'm concerned. If you agree, you might be able to help out. You can go to yournhsneedsu.com and find out various ways that you can support this campaign. And stop the NHS being sold to greedy American corporations. Lots of love from me, Sandy Toxford. Have a great day. Goodbye.


Fiscal Note is the world's premier government-relationship management platform and it leverages interesting new technologies in artificial intelligence and natural language processing to ingest massive amounts of legal information, whether it's legislation, regulations, increasingly court cases here in the United States and from around the world to be able to come out with interesting analytics that enable our customers to be able to do their jobs better. At Fiscal Note we have two things that I think are really interesting. The first thing is that we have a very heavy emphasis on technology-first approaches. We work in a very stodgy industry, you know, primarily around government information and legal services and so it's really important that we place heavy emphasis on new technologies like artificial intelligence, natural language processing but also new things around data ingestion and data management that enables people to come out with the interesting platforms and tools that we have. The other thing is that we have a very heavy emphasis on a new type of culture in the company, one that's focused on being aligned and transparent, one that really focuses on professional development and being supportive to each other and to our clients and I think that really enables us to be able to be very innovative in the things that we do. So Fiscal Note contributes to the state of the world in two major ways. The first way is around transparency and so a lot of what we're doing is we're taking a lot of different government data sets that are often times behind a lot of different technical as well as in certain cases legal walls and we're ingesting it, we're normalizing, we're structuring, we're making it available and enabling the consumers of that information, the private sector businesses, the small business owners, the non-profits, the law firms. The second way is around rule of law and in many cases it's very hard to implement rule of law when people don't understand what the law is so by lowering the cost of access to that legal information and enabling a lot more strategic time around thinking about anticipating to the laws and regulations we enable different interaction between the consumers government information and the government itself one that's more discussion oriented and certainly that's focused on the law and the rule of that law.


Welcome to Nation Beat, I am General Norville bringing you this brief on the pearls of our nation and highlights around the heart of St. Lucia. St. Lucia receives a vital injection of funds from the World Bank to boost healthcare services. Prime Minister of the Honourable Island Sharsney states government's commitment to providing improved living standards for all nationals before a global audience. The island's Minister of Responsibility for Tourism is elected chair of the Caribbean Tourism Organization and St. Lucia exporters look to break down barriers in the Cuban market. St. Lucia made another significant stride towards a healthier population with help from the World Bank. The 20 million US dollar project aims to strengthen the island's primary healthcare system and begin the initial phases of the proposed national health scheme. As we hear from Alicia Ali, the first phase of the project is already being implemented. The project will focus on three components, improving service delivery through a sustainable benefits package, strengthening responsiveness of public health systems to address non-communicable diseases and managing public health emergencies. The first component, namely the essential benefits package, falls under the national health scheme and addresses the cost of treating non-communicable diseases. It aims to raise the quality of treatment while lowering the cost of treating diseases like cancer, diabetes and hypertension. In looking at our national health insurance, we look at implementing national health insurance. We have developed a benefits package. This project will be looking at that package and how we can streamline that package to make it more affordable. How we are going to look at the systems we have to put in place to implement this package and also the current financing we can get to finance that package. This project, which will be officially launched later in October, is set to revamp and innovate St Lucia's health system. The performance-based aspect will bring about a transformative edge to the regular health system by using a reward system in pilot health centres to bolster the treatment of non-communicable diseases. Yes, we are going to strengthen our primary healthcare facilities in dealing with non-communicable diseases as a first point. So if anybody has any chronic disease that the health centre would be equipped and capable of dealing with them as a first point instead of going straight to our secondary or tertiary healthcare institutions. The main thrust of the project is really to support the direction that the Ministry of Health is going with at this time. Because I am sure we are all aware that we embark on a national health insurance and of course commissioning our new health facilities. It means that we definitely have to strengthen our primary healthcare systems in order to ensure that persons do not reach the level of requiring treatment at the secondary or tertiary level. So it means that, especially if you are going to have national health insurance, we want to promise every centre's citizen that there is treatment with regard to the health services being decentralised throughout our primary sector. It means that for instance, you know, you have some institutions where you go to a wellness centre and they would probably tell you the doctor would be available to us the next week. We do not want that occurrence to persist. So it means that that project will help us strengthen our capacity within the primary healthcare sector that a doctor is almost always available. At the end of this project, at least close to half of the Ireland's population will be registered as part of the national health scheme. Around 60% of the adult diabetic and hypertensive patients will be treated according to national protocols at primary health facilities Ireland-wide. The Ministry of Health and Wellness through its new strategic plan intends to ensure that these facilities are up to international standards. From the Government Information Service, I am Alicia Ali. And the World Bank's approved funds to strengthen the Ireland's public healthcare system comes on the heels of the government's stated commitment to providing accessible and affordable health services to all nationals. Prime Minister the Honourable Ireland-Chastney reaffirmed the government's position during his address to the 73rd United Nations General Assembly on Friday, September 28. We understand that the preventive and affordable healthcare is critical for the social development of any nation. More so as a small state with small population. We are plagued with incidents of individuals who delay in seeking early medical assistance due to the high cost, only to be saddled with the serious diagnosis later. Prime Minister Chastney said the Government of St. Lucia is pursuing the issue from multiple angles and has drawn support from the European Union and the World Bank. The strategy also includes the implementation of policies and legislation which will give life to the national insurance scheme. A critical element of the plan is tackling non-communicable diseases. Also expanding our after-school programs that focus on building healthy lifestyles through physical activity and diet. Prime Minister Hon. Ireland-Chastney as he addressed the UN General Assembly in New York. Meantime the Ministry of Health and Wellness with the support of PAHO and other key stakeholders held several outreach programs during the month of September with the aim of increasing awareness and sensitizing the public of the social and economic impact of non-communicable diseases. The Ministry of Health and Wellness hosted a series of activities during the month of September in commemoration of Caribbean Wellness Day. Activities began with the Church Service at the Old Serpenti Coastal Church. Natasha Lloyd-Philips is the Director of the Bureau of Health Education. Health is all-encompassing. It's physical. It's mental. It's emotional. It's spiritual. And so we have started all our observations with the Church Service at this church where we will be offering prayers for persons who are championing the cause of chronic illnesses as well as persons who are living with the conditions that we know through the support of our fellow spiritual leaders and through prayer many things can be healed amongst us. Following the Church Service was the official launch and recognition ceremony which took place at the Sanders Grand on Monday, September 10. The primary focus of this ceremony was to recognize and award establishments who have contributed or lend support in raising awareness, sensitizing the public, and establishing health policies in order to improve the prevention of non-communicable diseases. While addressing the gathering, Chief Medical Officer Dr. Merlin-Fedrick said, though the Ministry of Health is a mean custodian for health matters, everyone has a responsibility. We each have an individual responsibility to do all we can to exercise more often, choose healthier foods, avoid alcohol and tobacco, and decrease our intake of sugar and salt. Nevertheless, communities, NGOs and civil society, organizations and business places also have a responsibility in decreasing the impact of NCDs. Your presence here today shows that you have embraced your responsibility in that regard and have led in various ways in promoting healthy behavior and decreasing the impact of NCDs. To you, we are most grateful. The food activity which took place on the 19th of September was a health fair. Family life educator Heidi Kodra said the department tactically took wellness promotions and health services to the vendors arcade and castries. She said it was pleasing to see how receptive men were to the services that were offered and it is very important for individuals to know their family history. The table was filled with men. We had the taxi drivers outside. They came, I did prostate examinations with them. We went through the process of the different stages of cancer. They asked questions as to when should they test, where should they go. And it was really informative. I learned from them. They learned from us. So it was really good. Normally men in general, when it comes to asking them, even when I ask this morning, when last did you go to your doctor? When last did you have a general checkup? Oh, but we're not sick and you see, that's where the problem lies. Unless we don't suspect that something is wrong, that we don't go and check. But you know, it's good that we encourage. We encourage you to get the screening done. With knowledge comes power and actually knowing what you're about, especially your family history. Some people don't even know whether their grandmother had high blood pressure, whether their father had diabetes. It's important that you know. Activities to mark Caribbean Wellness Day 2018 culminated with a health fair for staff on the 20th of September. Fawn Mindill is a family health educator in the Ministry of Health.  Our nutrition people are here to do BMI, to do nutrition counseling. We have breast exams on offer as well as pap smiths. Usually you find that health workers are out there taking care of the public. And it is important that we take some time to take care of ourselves, to do our screenings as a preventative measure towards reducing our level of chronic illness in Zinusia. The Ministry of Health and Wellness will continue to promote and advocate for healthy lifestyles even after the month of observance has ended. Caribbean Wellness Day was held under the theme, be healthy, stay healthy, it's your job. From the Communications Unit in the Ministry of Health and Wellness, Miguel Morissette reporting. St. Lucia's Minister of Responsibility for Tourism has been voted in as chair of the Caribbean Tourism Organization, CTO. Honourable Dominic Fede was elected by representatives of member countries of the CTO at the State of Tourism Industry Conference, taking place at Atlantis Paradise Island Bahamas. Minister Fede will serve a two-year term. Newly elected Chairman of the Caribbean Tourism Organization and St. Lucia's Minister of Responsibility for Tourism, Honourable Dominic Fede, said he was humbled and proud that his colleagues had placed their trust in him. The new Chairman added that this provides an opportunity for the CTO countries to harmonise their strengths for collective purpose. Honourable Fede also indicated that no effort should be spared in utilising the collaborative efforts of member countries to advance the mandate of the CTO and tourism as a whole. The vote is in keeping with the CTO's constitution, which mandates that elections must be held every two years and that the Chairman cannot serve consecutive terms. I've always felt that the Caribbean is one of the strongest and most iconic and aspirational travel brands in the world, but also it is the most underutilised. And the opportunity exists now for us to ensure that we utilise the strength of the brand for the collective good of the destinations of the Caribbean. I think that the Caribbean is stronger than any one of our individual destinations and it is important now for us to be strategic even amid our own set of circumstances of limited budgets and being from small jurisdictions that have lots of fiscal issues such as high debt and low growth in some instances as well. So we've got to make sure that tourism be a catalyst to transition the Caribbean out of its current state. The CTO Chairman named Chief Marketing Officer of the St Lucia Tourism Authority, Tiffany Howard, as Chairman of the CTO Board of Directors. According to the CTO constitution, the Board Chairman and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers and Commissioners of Tourism must come from the same member country. In addition to the election of the Chairman, Vice-Chairs were also elected to serve on the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors representing various subgroups. Kira Sauer representing the Dutch Caribbean, Haiti representing the French Caribbean, the Bahamas and Jamaica representing the independent Caribbean community countries and the Cayman Islands representing the British overseas territories. This committee will be completed with representatives from the private sector. We have to ensure now that we spare no effort to ensure that we use our collaboration at the CTO level to help to also advance the wider integration movement. I think we can all be proud if five, ten years from now the CTO can be seen in the same ilk of West Indies cricket and the University of the West Indies as success stories to unite the Caribbean further. The election was held at the Atlantis Resort on Paradise Island where the Caribbean Tourism Organization held its annual general meeting. This was ahead of the official opening of the State of the Tourism Industry Conference which focuses on opportunities for enhancing the region's tourism product. From the Government Information Service, I am General Norville. This is Nation Beat. Coming up, solution exporters look to break down barriers in the Cuban market and ensure environmental justice through Eskazu. Heavy storms mean flooding and that means being prepared with hand sanitizers, child-sized raincoats and boots and insect repellent to protect your child from germs and waterborne illnesses. Plan for emergencies. Plan for your children. Welcome back. Organizers of the 2018 ICON series are reporting satisfaction with the just-ended celebration of cultural icon Joseph Ramu Polio. This year, an edutainment component that took the form of a school's roadshow introduced students to the work of Ramu Polio as well as exposed the influence of his sound to today's denry segment. Anisia Antoine has the details. The Cultural Development Foundation, CDF, hosted the fourth annual cultural series which seeks to recognize individuals who have made a significant contribution to the creative industry in St. Lucia. The ICON selected must entail a body of work that spans for more than 25 years. This year, St. Lucia's renowned folk musician Joseph Ramu Polio was the ICON highlighted. Drenia Frederick, director of events and production of the Cultural Development Foundation. We felt that it didn't make any sense to do it at a cultural center but we go to his community where he is celebrated, he is loved and also to fit into the entire theme of the heritage month where you rediscover St. Lucia. I'm sure many persons have not been to Belvedere and didn't know where that was and as I've said before it's the most beautiful place I've seen in St. Lucia. It's a community that's tight-knit and it's rich in culture and traditions and even the way in terms of their contemporary culture there was a group called the Vietuising Boys which is a version of the denry segment. So you begin to understand the elements that existed. Cultural groups such as Helen Folk and Eastern Folk Dance gathered to celebrate Ramu Polio's music through dances and musical renditions. We had groups like Wajma who again influenced Ramu. I believe the lead singer Belas is a relative of Ramu. So you can see that musical tradition continuing. I thought Sabus where his grandson was part of this band and they brought him on stage and at that age Ramu could still play and he still, well if to take a word from his bio he has a music in his head. And for us it was really a validation of why we're doing the Icon Series, the importance. A culture crew organized by the CDF visited 12 schools from various parts of the island to educate students about the life of Ramu Polio. It's important that people are away in the next generation. You can't build on something you don't know about. You can't innovate if you don't understand the tradition, if you don't understand the culture and you have to understand what exists before. Before you can innovate, have a full grasp of it. Before you can say okay well I'm moving from this point and I'm creating something else. And that is the point that we're trying to make. The cultural icon chosen for the year 2019 is Vincent Joseph Udovic. From the Government Information Service, I am Anisia Antoine reporting. Officials from Export St Lucia, TIPA recently embarked on a four-day mission over in Cuba. The delegation which also included officials from the St Lucia's Ministry of Commerce was in Cuba from Monday 17 September to Thursday 20 September and had as its mandate to identify and correct some of the inhibitors that may be keeping St Lucia exporters from penetrating the Cuban market. Export St Lucia, TIPA has been actively pursuing the Cuban market since 2012. Many of the St Lucia companies which have been exposed to the Cuban market over the years have gained the interest of Cuban buyers as well as government officials. However with the exception of Baron Food St Lucia Ltd, none have been able to successfully penetrate the market and secure a contract with a buyer of interest. This lack of progress by the St Lucia companies prompted Export St Lucia, TIPA to complete a review of its interventions as well as those of the said companies in the Cuban market. According to Export St Lucia, TIPA CEO Sunita Daniel, the mission was a resounding success and it allowed for the clearing up of a number of misconceptions about the Cuban market. So the main purpose of that visit was really to go into Cuba and speak with the officials there, speak with the persons who really can make the decisions and the changes for us. Have those meetings with them and address the concerns that our individual companies would have had. So some of them would have had registration issues, some of them would have had difficulties with getting further orders and so that's what we went to do. To really look at what are the constraints that the companies are facing and to find out from the Cuban authorities how we can overcome those constraints for our exporters. Client manager with responsibility for the Northern Caribbean including Cuba, Heidi Constantine Felix says now armed with the information, clients can have a greater appreciation for the processes associated with Cuban market entry. Cuba is a different type of economy. We know it's centrally controlled. So the process to doing business with them is quite different from what our companies are used to. So there's a lot of registration with the companies. You need to operate through government of authorized importers. And you also, despite being certified internationally, your products also have to be tested within Cuba to make sure that they are suitable for that country. The client manager went on to indicate that the potential is therefore greater collaboration between the two countries. I think now they know the faces. The ambassador had been doing some work and seeing her again at their companies made them realize that we are serious, that we mean business. And so we do anticipate some more support from the side of the companies and the authorities in Cuba. They were happy to have us there and to dialogue and discuss with us. And so we believe that that will help the process. With the information now being filtered through to the clients of Expo Saint Lucia TIPA, it is anticipated that the necessary changes will be made to allow for greater penetration into the long elusive Cuban market. For Expo Saint Lucia TIPA, Jason Darius reporting. Saint Lucia signs a historical agreement on environmental rights. Saint Lucia joined other Latin American and Caribbean countries in signing the Escazo Agreement on September 27, 2018 at the United Nations General Assembly building in New York. The agreement offers the region an opportunity for full access to information, participation that embraces full consultation and environmental justice. It is the regional agreement on access to information, public participation and justice in environmental matters, not only in the Caribbean, but also in Latin America. And it is called the Escazo Agreement because it was endorsed sometime in March at a high level segment in Escazo, which is a town in San Jose, Costa Rica. The agreement is relevant because, first and foremost, it affirms the value of a regional and multilateral approach to sustainable development. It also aims to combat inequality and discrimination and to guarantee the rights of every person to a healthy environment as well as to sustainable development. In fact, it places equality at the core of sustainable development. This is the first environmental treaty in Latin America and the Caribbean containing specific provisions for the protection of the defenders of human rights in environmental matters. Because once we do not have, we have organizations like the Sintuco National Trust in Sintuco and the forefront of the environmental issues, and we have, I'm sure, a number of other groups, but you find that in places like, say, Honduras and Brazil, even Costa Rica, you find people have actually been killed agitating for environmental rights. And so one of the main things about this regional agreement is that there are provisions made for protection for such persons, for the competent authorities and the countries to give adequate protection so that these people, if their lives are being threatened, that there is some sort of provision in terms of the society to protect their voice. The agreement aims to establish, among others, environmental rights as an essential human right. Because the environment and environmental rights is essentially, in some countries, it is already part of the constitution as a human right. We have not reached that stage in St. Lucian. I hope that we will get to that. But what we are claiming to do and what this agreement is trying to do is for us to now begin to see environmental rights as an essential human right, the right to a healthy environment as a basic human right. The Eskazu Agreement will be open for two full years, ending on September 26, 2020. Tune in to the program Let's Talk to learn more about the Eskazu Agreement. Let's Talk airs Thursday 4th October at 6.15 p.m. on NTN. That's a nation beat. Join us next time as we fill the pulse and heart of our community. You can also catch up with us anytime on the St. Lucia Government Facebook page or YouTube channel. I am Channel Norvel.


Again, folks, this is Jacob Schup, filling in for Tom O'Brien. Let's take a look at what we got going on today. That this market really wants a higher price. It would see the, yes, many trading up about 0.87 percent right now, just over that 5,000 mark. And I believe one second, the SPX were trading, yeah, 4,998 currently. That 5,000 mark is pretty huge, at least psychologically speaking. Pretty interesting stuff going on. Again, I really think this market is just pushing higher prices, and they really want it as well. Let's look at the Russell up about 0.15 percent today, not as much as the other equities, but still trading in 1964. The NQs up about 1.12 percent. The Dow futures trading up about 0.5 percent right now. The Gold contract staying pretty flat around this 2050 area. Of course, beginning of this month, I've been with you since then, but we were up at 2,084, and then we came back down. We got a little bit of motion in the Gold contract, again, before coming back down to that 2050 area. Excuse me. Silver, we're trading at 22.30. Of course, some downward movement as well. A lot of this is kind of have to do with the dollar right now, right? The dollar, we had a huge tick up in it above the 104 level. I think it was sitting comfortably at 104.41, but we're kind of tracing back down at least to 104.05. Currently, let's take a look at poor copper down about 1.2 percent today, 3.73 on the contract. Again, this movement in the test it's doing is kind of looking at a 404 price for the Copper Futures contract, and we'll see how that shakes out going forward. Crude oil, 73.90. I think this whole market is super interesting, at least with oil, right? I mean, I'm surprised we aren't seeing these $95 levels. I was kind of bringing this up in the office. Of course, you had so much disruption in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia is posturing themselves to try to reduce the amount of oil they're pushing out. Of course, you have issues with Russia, disputes between Venezuela and I think Iana over some of their areas over there that you can essentially pull oil out of. But really, I mean, America, we are drilling. I think we just got a bunch of permits for the Permian Basin. Of course, tons of oil out there, and they're going to install frack lines as well. So when those oil rigs go off for whatever reason, they can just, or let's say, just price spikes due to some kind of outside supply issue. They can just turn on those fracking pipes and it can stable out price. It's pretty fascinating, honestly. Long story short is we're going to be the top producer of oil for quite a while to come now. All right, we can take a look. Tesla, I mean, 10-year bond, when Powell spoke last Wednesday, we had a drop down to about 3.8% in the yield. I'm looking at Tesla right now, but that's what this was here. And we had a 3.8% in the yield and now we've kind of come back up a little bit, trading about 4.1% rate on the 10-year. Tesla trading 188.41, some OK news coming from them, of course, quite a fall down since the end of last year. Some demand for EVs are expected to go down. Tesla had cost a lot of money for them to produce some stuff. There was a huge kind of news story that came out, and it seemed to go away pretty quickly, because, you know, the batteries weren't charging in Chicago when they had that deep freeze. And that's a unique thing that's not going to just affect Tesla.  And so it'll be interesting to see how they try to pivot away from that. Furthermore, Tesla came out and said that the whole market is in trouble regarding Baidu and their production of EVs. And if there's not some kind of government, I suppose, work or barriers to entry imposed that the Chinese EVs could sweep the market, because it could produce it so much cheaper. You had also, let me get the number on it, Ford is going to start creating smaller and cheaper EVs in Tesla as well, and that's going to be super interesting to see come out. I still think the infrastructure isn't fully there for the rest of the country to kind of adopt EVs, but nonetheless, there is a massive push from government agencies to kind of get these things rocking, and I think these cheaper prices will kind of help in the coming years. I think this year is going to be pretty tough for the automotive industry. Anyways, you had so much purchasing the last few years. A lot of people currently defaulting on auto loans will just talk a little bit about going forward, but this could be cause for at least some green day in Tesla. Steel Dynamics, yeah, up 4.1% today, just a really neat stock. Again, I talk about it every time, but very nice. I wonder if we're going to start creating a new trading balance between this 110 area. Again, you had this shoot-up. The highest we had was 128. That was in December 18th, traversal back down to the 110 area, and then it seems like we're moving back again that last day with volume we had a high on that day about 127.70. So we'll see if we test that again. Again, if that happens, for me, I'm going to be watching a movement back down to that 110 area and then a rejection at that level and see if we can see a new kind of trading channel form for Steel Dynamics. Of course, the dollar, as I was just saying, trading at 104.05. Again, kind of lagging with the metal market there. QQQs trading at 432.46, up 114. Google, up 0.95%. Meta, a lot of interesting stuff going on with Meta that we can talk about going forward. Of course, everyone loved the dividend. Everyone loved the stock buyback.  A super unique challenge going into this presidential election in Meta has been, at least Zuckerberg has been pretty vocal about it, is the risk that AI plays. So misinformation and then really in a way making kind of subtle propaganda in a sense. You have all these different interests online. You can just be random groups of people even and they can use AI and really get their perspective out there and kind of get what they want to say. Now, you get into sketchy situations where they're releasing misinformation. So Meta is going to be really focusing on that in the coming election cycle. And it'll be a pretty much a case study to see how the rest of these large tech firms that have social media platforms should be addressing this going forward. Furthermore, Meta also said, Zuckerberg said that they're going to stay very slim and focus a lot on AI, which again, I think is pretty good for the company going forward. We have earnings today with Disney. We'll talk a little bit about them when we get back folks stay right there.


The Eisenhower Carrier Strike Group left its home port of Norfolk, Virginia, February 21st for deployment in support of operations in the 5th and 6th fleets. Eisenhower previously returned three months earlier than scheduled in order to resurface its flight deck prior to a planned redeployment. Nearly 4,500 sailors deployed with the strike group and said their goodbyes to family members and friends at the pier. To tell you the truth, he likes it better on deployment than he does in port.  That's what he signed up to do. The strike group consists of the aircraft carrier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower, German frigate Hamburg, and guided missile cruiser USS Way City. From Defense Media Activity, I'm Petty Officer Shannon Burns.