In this lecture, we have given an high-level introduction to Internet measurement, in particular to network flows. We have first talked about what, why, and how to measure the Internet. We have looked into active measurements, giving some telling examples of measurements, and our existing measurement platform. We have then looked at passive measurement and network flows in particular, reasoning on the abstraction problem introduced by measuring at Corsa granularities. We then have proposed you an in-depth presentation of network flows. In this set of slides, we have seen an entire flow monitoring architecture in detail, from packet observation to data analysis application. We then have seen and reasoned about possible measurement artifacts that are introduced by the flow creation process, and that we, as developers of flow-based analysis applications, should be aware of.


This is FDA Patient Safety News. In this edition, new vaccines against pertussis for adolescents and adults, an update on the hazards of using veil and closed bed systems, the importance of avoiding pregnancy in HIV patients treated with Sustiva, and confusing dosage labeling on certain Tylenol products for children. These stories and more on this edition of FDA Patient Safety News. Welcome to the program. For the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, I'm Mark Barnett. And I'm Anita Rainer. Let's start with some medical products FDA recently approved. FDA recently approved two new vaccines that provide a booster immunization against whooping cough in combination with tetanus and diphtheria immunization. One of them is called boostrix, and the other is atticell. Boostrix is approved for adolescents aged 10 to 18, and it's made by GlaxoSmithKline. Atticell is approved for adolescents and adults up to 64 years of age. It will be distributed by a Venice Pasteur. But we've had booster vaccines for pertussis for a long time, so the question is, what's new about these? Well, the vaccines you're talking about have been for children. These two new vaccines are the first ones approved for use in adolescents and adults. But pertussis is basically a children's disease. You're absolutely right. But over the last 20 years or so, we've seen an increase in pertussis in adolescents and adults, and also an increase in infants less than one year who haven't received all their immunizations. Of course, pertussis can be especially serious or possibly even fatal in these very young infants. And so part of the rationale for immunizing adolescents and adults is to make it less likely that they'll transmit the disease to infants. In this case, we're immunizing older people to protect children. The FDA recently approved a drug called REQUIP to treat moderate to severe restless leg syndrome, or RLS. That's a neurologic disorder characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs that appear at rest, usually at night. And that induces a strong desire to move the legs, and that can result in chronic insomnia and sleep deprivation. REQUIP, or Ropinero, is manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline. The drug is a dopamine agonist, and it was first approved in 1997 to treat Parkinson's disease. REQUIP was found to be effective in treating RLS in three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. The label for the drug will caution that REQUIP can have sedating effects and that syncope and symptomatic hypotension can occur, especially during initial treatment. Guidance Corporation is recalling certain models of the company's implantable defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices. Several different problems have led to these actions. The first problem applies to three device models. The Prism 2DR Model 1861, manufactured Honor Before April 16, 2002. The Contact Renewal Model H135, manufactured Honor Before August 26, 2004. And the Contact Renewal 2 Model H155, also manufactured Honor Before August 26, 2004. These devices can develop an internal short circuit without warning, which can result in failure to deliver a shock during periods of arrhythmia. In a second action, Guidant has also notified physicians and patients about a possible component failure in a different set of defibrillators. The affected devices are the Contact Renewal 3 and 4, Renewal 3 and 4 AVT, and Renewal RF. A magnetic switch in these devices may become stuck in the closed position, and that may inhibit the device's ability to treat ventricular or atrial tachyarrhythmias, and it can accelerate battery depletion. In a third action, Guidant has notified physicians that certain implants with atrial therapy capability may experience a memory error that could limit available therapy. The affected devices are the Prism AVT, Vitality AVT, Renewal 3 AVT, and Renewal 4 AVT. Go to our website for the latest recommendations on patient management for all of these actions and to learn about any further developments. There's an update on a story we did several months ago in which we warned about using veil and closed bed systems, models 500, 1000, and 2000. These beds were designed as an alternative to restraints for patients with cognitive impairment or unpredictable behavior, spasms, seizures, and other disorders. But using these beds poses a public health risk because patients can become entrapped and suffocate. FDA is aware of approximately 30 reports of entrapments, falls, and other incidents with these beds, including at least eight deaths. More than half of these incidents involve children 16 and under. Since our first story, Veil Products Incorporated has publicly stated that it's permanently ceasing the manufacture, sale, and distribution of these beds, and it will no longer be able to provide accessories, replacement parts, or retrofit kits. The company mailed revised instruction manuals and warning labels to its direct customers and distributors. FDA's advice to hospitals and nursing homes that have veil and closed bed systems remains the same. Stop using them and move patients to alternative beds. Consumers using these beds at home should consult with their physicians about their other options. If you have no choice but to continue using the veil and closed bed systems, it's very important to follow the safety precautions recommended by the company in order to minimize the risk of entrapment or falls. It's especially important to note that the company now contraindicates the beds for patients who weigh less than 46 pounds or who are less than 45 inches in height. These precautions are listed in the company's mailing. If you haven't received the mailing, you should contact Veil as soon as possible. You can also find a summary of the precautions on our website. Bristol Meyers Squibb and FDA are notifying healthcare professionals about the possibility of neural tube defects when Susteva or epheverins is given to women in the first trimester of pregnancy. This drug is used to treat HIV-1 infection. The company's letter notes that the pregnancy category for Susteva has been changed to Category D. That's positive evidence of fetal risk. This is based on four reports of neural tube defects in infants born to women who were exposed to the drug during the first trimester. The letter goes on to warn that pregnancy should be avoided in women receiving Susteva. It recommends that women of child-bearing age undergo pregnancy testing before receiving the drug and that if a woman becomes pregnant while she's on Susteva, she should be told about the potential risk to the fetus. The letter says that Susteva should be used in the first trimester only if the potential benefit outweighs the risk to the fetus, such as in women with HIV who don't have any other therapeutic options. FDA is notifying healthcare professionals and consumers about a nationwide recall of all drugs manufactured by Able Laboratories of Cranberry, New Jersey. Able Laboratories makes mostly generic prescription drugs, including drugs containing acetaminophen. Drugs are being recalled because of serious concerns that they weren't produced according to quality assurance standards. The company has stopped all current production. Patients who have been taking drugs produced by Able Laboratories should continue taking their medications until they've spoken to their doctor or pharmacist to get a replacement drug. You can find a complete list of the recalled drugs and their imprint codes on our website. In a recent letter, Sius Incorporated notified health professionals about newly published reports on the safety of the drug Natricor or Nasirotide, which is used to treat acutely-decompensated congestive heart failure. The reports raised the question of whether Natricor may have adverse effects on survival and on kidney function when compared with standard medications such as nitroglycerin or diuretics. Sius has changed the important safety information labeling for Natricor to describe the mortality data more fully. The company also convened an expert panel to review and analyze the safety data. The panel made several recommendations on the use of the drug, when information to provide to health care professionals, and obtaining further safety data. You know that lots of patients are now buying medicines and medical products online. That can be a convenient way to shop, but unless people are very careful buying medicines online can be a hazardous proposition. The FDA has a new brochure that can help guide people safely through that process. It's called Buying Prescription Medicine Online a Consumer Safety Guide, and you can get free copies to give your patients by going to our website. You know, Mark, in the past, we've talked about the possible dangers of buying products like this over the internet, but is there actually any evidence that this is a problem? Certainly there are cases in which people have bought things over the internet that have been substandard in potency, that have been fake, that have been counterfeit, that have been unapproved by the FDA, and sometimes just plain dangerous. Let me give you two examples. You probably remember that back in 2001, soon after the anthrax contamination incident that happened in a Washington Postal Center, there was a great demand for the drug Cipro, because people feared an anthrax attack. So many of them tried to purchase the drug and to stockpile it. So to satisfy that demand, Cipro, or products that were claiming to be Cipro, were suddenly offered on foreign websites.  For a later example, earlier this year, we warned consumers not to use a wide variety of home diagnostic kits which had not been reviewed or approved by the FDA. These kits were sold on the internet by a company called Globus Media, and they included home tests for pregnancy, syphilis, and HIV. And again, there was no way to know whether these kits actually worked, and the manufacturer wasn't even identified in the packaging. So here he had a situation where people could be testing themselves for HIV and getting erroneous results, and that could be tragic in many ways. Well, you mentioned this new brochure. What does it advise people to do? Well, without giving away the whole story, the main thing it says is to buy from a reputable website. Well, maybe that's easier said than done. Well, there are things that people can do to determine whether the site is reputable. For example, they should be sure the site is licensed by a state board of pharmacy. Some sites display a so-called VIPSEAL, which shows that they meet state and federal rules. And consumers should be sure that the site has a registered pharmacist to answer questions. You can find out how to get copies of the brochure in either English or Spanish by going to our website. McNeil's Specialty Pharmaceuticals is alerting consumers and health care professionals about certain children's Tylenol products because the packaging is potentially confusing. This could lead to children getting the wrong dose, including a possible overdose. The effective products include all lots and all flavors of children's Tylenol meltaways 80 milligram, packaging bottles and blisters, children's Tylenol soft chews 80 milligram, packaging blisters, and junior Tylenol meltaways 160 milligram, packaging blisters. Now, there are two ways that the confusion can arise. The first concerns the way the individual tablets are packaged and labeled. Each tablet of children's Tylenol meltaways and soft chews contains 80 milligrams of acetaminophen. Some of the blister cavities contain one of these 80 milligram tablets and some contain two. This allows parents to adjust their child's dose by selecting the correct number of individual tablets using the dosing chart on the carton. The confusion arises because the back of the two tablet blister cavity is labeled 80 milligrams, and that's intended to mean that each of the two tablets in the blister contains 80 milligrams, and consumers may interpret this to mean that the two tablets in the blister taken together contain 80 milligrams, and that could lead to accidentally doubling the child's dose. To resolve the confusion, the company is removing these Tylenol products from store shelves, and they're correcting the way they're labeled. The second possible source of confusion is the way the carton is labeled. The carton for some children's Tylenol meltaways and the junior Tylenol meltaways identifies the product's strength as medicine per dose rather than medicine per tablet. The company has proposed to change the labeling on the cartons to clear up the possible confusion. In the meantime, given the possibility of acetaminophen overdose, it's important to remind parents that the labeled strength of acetaminophen in these products is per tablet. They should be sure to follow the dose directions in the drug facts labeling to determine the correct number of individual tablets to be given per dose based on the child's age and weight. Well, that's all for this edition of FDA Patient Safety News. Remember, you can get more information on all the stories you've seen here today by visiting our website. We also urge you to use the website to report problems you've encountered with medical products. That's how we learn about problems so we can alert others. We're going to be back next month with another edition, so watch for us. I'm Mark Barnett. And I'm Anita Rayner. See you next time.


Everybody for us to your ripping the final box. This is the 100th box. You've opened of the sports card Almanac multi-sport Personal box edition volume 3 its box number 60 for Chris C Chris bought the last one. Good luck Chris. See what you got man sports card Almanac instant redemption Football oh that could be anything sports card Almanac instant redemption 2018 playbook Lamar Jackson Rookie vault booklet Numbered 16 of 25 Look at that. Got the custom mag as well Insane an eight-way relic auto rookie book Lamar Jackson Congrats Chris C That's the last spot mojo if I've ever seen it again 16 of 25 There's a 2018 that is a rookie book Good Lord The custom mag to oh my god is Bonkers I can barely fit the the whole book the whole card on the screen. That is so cool show panel by panel now Got a glove bottom right there. I'm pretty sure that's a glove. I guess it could be clean probably love Probably some jerseys the auto Crazy crazy ball relic looks like a fleece. What is that two jerseys crazy, man Congrats Chris again. That's some last spot mojo. Like I said get it out to you


Welcome to the eight years of celebration of NewsClick, and on behalf of NewsClick, I thank all of you for joining us today. And to tell you about NewsClick's journey till now, I would like to invite my colleague, Brangel. Also, if he cracks some joke, which is not funny and that you don't understand, please laugh and laugh. Because that's what we do at NewsClick. Thank you for that kind introduction that you gave. Good evening everyone, I welcome you on behalf of NewsClick. So NewsClick was formed in 2009 just after the 2008 global financial crisis by a very young journalist, Praveer. He was 62 when he started NewsClick. Here's a small presentation that I'd like to make on our journey in these last eight years. So as I said, it was formed just after the 2008 global economic crisis.  We didn't have even a proper net connection that time. It was always slow. It took us nearly next three years to reach 100,000 views on our YouTube channel. And that was like a big achievement that we had at that time. But we kept increasing our work. We started covering reports on the ground and especially after 2012. So in 2015, so in next three years, we crossed 1 million views on our YouTube channel. This was to do with that we extensively covered Muzaffarnagar rights and the entire violence that took place from 2013 till 2014. Modi's coming to power. There's also a video that we'll play later which shows a small section of a clip where Amit Shah is giving speech. And that speech was used and given to the election commission which resulted in a ban on his public meetings during the 2014 election campaign. So that was a big achievement in that sense which our newslet had. And after that we changed our work space. We hired a new office. We had new people. Now we have around 20 people in our office and in next one and a half years we have crossed 2 million views on our YouTube channel. So technically it took almost six years to cross 1 million. In next one and a half years we have crossed 2 million views. Today we have 2 million views on our YouTube channel. 1300 total videos that we have produced on different topics and 6000 subscribers we have on our YouTube channel. So I'd also like all of you to help us support NewsClick and also please keep following our website. Here's a small video that is there which winds up our journey, what we have done in 8 years and please have a look. It's clear that our discourse is being terribly initiated by age social media. The demo box with online media have their foot frauds. People who want to control the media want to dictate the news. There has been the usual Indian tendency to blow your own trumpet and talk about big records. And the proportions are different in speakers of Indo-European origin languages versus the Arabidian origin languages. And the crimes that they have, the fear of any kind is not on their minds. It reeks of the whole idea of nations invading other nations, subjugating them and all that kind of thing.  When the time of the Mughals was when the swords and arrows were walking, they were taking revenge. Now you have to press the button to take revenge. If you press the button at the right place, then the people who have done this will be punished.  We are actually accepting as normal something which is extremely abnormal and should be shunned. It's been two hours and the cash has ended. How are we going to pay the cash? We are going to send money and money. We don't have anything to eat or drink. What they are doing is wrong. They are making the workers hungry. GST even though it's a measure approved by neoliberalism is something which is actually much to the liking of a fascistic government moving in a fascistic direction. While they don't say directly, but they always have this quote and quote scientific research to suggest that things shouldn't be done in a particular way and they keep reinforcing all these things that we fight against. The real terrorist is the American government. State terrorism unleashed against the world. It's the political decision that you put the army against your own people and say well that's the end. Whereas the army is supposed to be at the borders looking across and then dealing with the enemy. So we have to get every script censored and in a strange way that works, dare I say it, as a sort of protective measure in a weird, weird way. So what they are doing really is just shifting the buck, passing the buck. Tid for that business between India and Pakistan, Kashmir. So when we talk in terms of India, India is actually, is it playing its own game? We will never, never, never have a society where we can debate unless people are allowed to see films, are allowed to read books and judge for themselves. What happens in a normal developing country crisis?  The definition of secular was largely that it meant the coexistence of religions, it meant tolerance, it meant nonviolence. It turns out that we decided to take the first point of intervention of GMOs, the actual emming of the Gs, the transfer of a gene from a bacterium to a plant. What do you want me to do? Do you want me to bomb the Assad government? Do you mean we should go to war against Russia? That was the most plain spoken statement of where things lie.


So, we put the thoughts on trial and then we learn how to rewrite our thoughts to be more accurate and essentially this is cognitive therapy that you can do on yourself. It's cognitive therapy, it's evidence-based to help you decrease your anxiety, decrease your depression, improve your mood and also prevent you from future mood issues. You're listening to Barbell Logic, brought to you by Barbell Logic Online Coaching where each week, we take a systematic walk through strength training and the refining power of voluntary hardship. Welcome to the Barbell Logic Podcast. This is Matt Reynolds. We've got a special episode today. Unfortunately, Scott couldn't be here. I assume he's out planting his garden, planting his farm at the new farm he has. But we have Dr. Pewter here today who is, I would say, the official psychiatrist of all things Barbell Logic and Barbell Logic listeners. While saying that, obviously, he's not giving you specific psychiatric advice. He is a professional that we bring on to talk about good general things. That's what we're going to do today. We've been wanting to talk to you for a while in the midst of the craziness, man. We're in the middle of the COVID-19. Everybody's locked down. Only essential businesses are currently running and people are worried. People are scared. People have anxiety. Lives have changed. So I just wanted to bring you on to kind of talk through that today. Yeah, I think if people are not stressed, then they may be stressed in the future. So this, you know, we're in an interesting time because, you know, before this, we were living a life that was fairly tranquil, you know? I mean, no wars, no great pestilence for decades and decades, you know? And not anything on our soil, at least in the US. Yeah, sure. In the US, we feel very protected. We feel very safe. And, you know, if you're somewhere 30 to 50, you're like, OK, I got decades of life left, right? But now all of a sudden, there is a very real fear, you know, that has affected everyone. It's like no one is not experiencing, to some degree, what has been going on. Yeah, that's exactly right. You know, there's really two things about this last night. There are two primary things that I think are driving the fear. And while they are connected, I think the fears are sort of very different for people. Like, one, I think a lot of people are scared that they're going to get sick or that members of their family are going to get sick. And somebody who's had this disease and struggled with it for a few days, you could see with my pneumonia in having the thing, if I had taken a turn for the worse, I could be dead or could have been on a ventilator or whatever. And I'm a healthy, you know, relatively young guy. Scott wouldn't say I was young. But we see reports of this of, you know, what we thought was a disease that really, really ravaged older people and that the younger generation was fine. And now we're coming to see that that's not exactly the case. At the same time, a huge percentage of people are completely asymptomatic that have this thing like my wife was. She didn't have anything at all.  And then you've got the entire other thing, which is the fear of the thing that has happened to the economy. The economy is a dumpster fire right now. And lots of people have been laid off from their jobs and are furloughed or home like their schedules have all changed. Even people that work like they're the day doesn't look the same. And so I think there's a lot of fear there about, you know, the finances, the economy, what's this thing not just going to look like today, but what does it look like three months from now, six months from now? And so yeah, man, there's a lot. I think there's a lot of fear for people. Yeah, it's it's going to affect everyone.  And I'm like, love, like one, you don't know if they're freaking out. And two, it might be hard for them three to six months from now. Right now. And there's that there is there is that sort of reality of this is this is a difficult, this is going to be a difficult time for everyone. Yeah, and in different in different ways. And I was thinking about like, OK, how would you?  I don't know. Do you have any general other sort of ideas about who your audience is, how you would describe them? No, I think I think that's great. I think and I think from a socioeconomic perspective, I think they're mostly middle class or upper middle class. And I think they find value and voluntary hardship. I think that's one of the things that is probably a defining factor for our for our listeners and for our clients is that they understand the value of voluntary hardship. And that's I think that's what an incredible I didn't come up with that idea. Like, you know, I'd heard other people talk about that idea before. But this is why we train, right? Like we do things that are we choose things are voluntarily hard. When times are easy, like you said, when times are tranquil, when times are comfortable, we choose things that are hard so that when involuntary hardship gets thrown upon us, which has really happened to almost everybody on the planet over the past several weeks, we are better prepared to handle this thing that is hard that we didn't get to choose. And I think that that is a an important defining factor of our both our listeners and our clients. Yeah. So, you know, for that reason, I don't think kind of like the survey that it did on TikTok, you know, really works. Or even my patient population that I see it's a different you have a different group of people. Now, I do treat some, you know, CEOs and some executives and high functioning people. And so I think I do know kind of like how they're responding to this. And it's a little bit it's a little bit different.  And that was kind of a surprise to me is that some of these people, they were like, Oh, it's interesting because like, they're seeing everyone else be anxious for the first time.  So is this a, is that, is that stat from your own small sample size of patients or is that like something you've read about that even this is sort of a, a broader phenomenon? This is just a sample size of my own, you know, people who, people who are connected with me as patients, people who are connected with me, maybe on social media who have told me like, actually, I've been feeling better. Now, that being said, they're like welcome to my world, everyone. Yeah, I have had a number of patients who have reached out to me acutely. You know, I had one person with coronavirus who's at home, high anxiety. Is that me? You're talking about me right now? No, no, you actually didn't even reach out. You didn't even reach out to say hi. I figured your life was crazy and I was doing OK. So, oh man, I didn't even reach out to say. Coming, coming back to that sort of voluntary hardship, episode 10 of my podcast, I talk about strength training and how it increases your total brain capacity. And I recently did a podcast on COVID-19 on delirium, kind of a deep dive from mental health professionals. And so there's a percentage of the population that are getting severely ill with COVID-19 that will get confused, hallucinate, violent. And this is a unique population that as a psychiatrist, we treat in the hospital. We get consulted on this type of patient. So I did a podcast on that and in a previous podcast, this podcast 10, when I talked about exercise and how strength training specifically seems to optimize sensorium, you know, it and specifically when I talk about that, like total brain function. Like, you know how, like throughout the day, your sensorium may ebb and flow like at 3 p.m., it may be lower in the morning, it may be a little bit sharper. It's like your ability to think, focus, concentrate.  And a lot of people don't get that. They don't understand that. Um, there's one study of people with low muscle mass, sarcopenia increased the risk of developing delirium. This was like, you know, 588 hospitalized patients, they looked at this, that there's other studies that show that once to twice weekly resistance training over 12 months improves executive function. You know, that's like the frontal frontal lobe, the front part of the brain, selective attention, conflict resolution, whereas, um, balance or tone training, deteriorated function in the same study. Um, there's another study, 10 weeks, supervised, progressive resistance training program performed three times a week, showed improvements in depression, improvements in bodily pain, vitality, social functioning. So there's all these studies that kind of point to, you know, if you get severely ill, having strength will improve your chances. Sure. So that's, that's one thing. Like, you know, it's like, I would be hesitant to give that message to someone who hasn't worked out because they're like, Oh, I guess I'm like doomed. Like I'm not very strong. I'm, you know, but I was going to say, I would think the vast majority, I hope the vast majority of our audience is trying. I'm sure they are. And I'm sure there's some that don't write there. I'm sure there's a small percentage or like, we'll just listen to it for the content. Like we get emails about that sometimes, but, but it's never too late to start and everybody has more time at home right now. I mean, that's really almost everybody has more time at home. And we've done lots of things for people to figure out how to continue, even to train for strength with, without optimal equipment. Right. So if you got the equipment, you're golden, but if you don't, it's definitely more of a challenge, but we've taken up that, that challenge and we're ready to, to help people figure out how to continue their journey, their strength journey and their fitness journey, even while, even if they're stuck in an apartment with no equipment, no equipment. We've got things we can do. That's good. That's good. And also coming back to this idea of voluntary hardship, I've been thinking a lot about Victor Frankel. He's one of my sort of psychiatrists that I look up to. Victor Frankel went through the, went through the Holocaust. He wrote a book called Mansearch for Meaning. He's written a couple other books that I've read as well. Um, if you haven't read Mansearch for Meaning, this would be a good time to pick it up, uh, get the electronic version or audible version and you'll get through it pretty quick. Um, and essentially he went, he was a psychiatrist and he was, you know, so he was already a mental health professional. And then because he was Jewish, he got sort of brought through the Holocaust as a, as a prisoner. And he suffered through the same things that pretty much everyone suffered through. Um, and he writes about his experience. And, you know, before, before he started this, we were talking about how, you know, that would, that would be, uh, probably worse than what people are experiencing now. Certainly. Now, you know, of course, suffering is relative. And if you haven't suffered much in your life, this could be the biggest point of suffering.  And if you're on the front, front lines, you are experiencing something kind of like horrific and, um, mind-changing. And I worry about those people. I worry that life will never be the same. Sure. Have you, have you read the book or have you? I have not, but I heard about it. As we started talking about it over the last 24 hours. Now I'm, I'm definitely interested to get it. So I know we were talking a little bit before recording that the thing, um, that he was able to do was find meaning and things that mattered in life in the midst of the worst possible situation. Right. Like who, I can't imagine anybody listen to this podcast being like, listen, we're in a pretty bad spot right now. Uh, we are not in a concentration camp. That's worse. And so that's not to make light of what we're struggling with at all. But here's a guy who, who was a prisoner in a concentration camp who, who found meaning in day to day activities in the midst of that crisis. Um, I don't know. Do you have, do you have some of those quotes? Like man, some of the quotes are amazing that he said. Let me, let me read a couple of the quotes. Um, the way in which a man accepts his fate and all the suffering it entails, the way in which he takes up his cross, give some ample opportunity, even under the most difficult circumstances to add a deeper meaning to his life. It may remain brave, dignified and unselfish, or in the bitter fight for self preservation, he may forget his human dignity and become no more than an animal. So good. Let me, let me tell you what I think that means to me. And then you tell me, if you have any thoughts on that one. Sure. So, you know, there's this, there's this space between what we are going through, the tragedy that we are going through and our response to it. And we can't control the tragedy. We can't control that we are up against the chaos of the situation. For him, it was a Holocaust for us. It is this great viral killer, right? We can't control that. But we, what we can control is our response to it. And so the way in which we take up our cross. Now, this is not a, for what I can tell, I, he was not a Christian. So this is not like a Christian sort of image, but it is a Christian image of, of a cross is like a crucible or something that the suffering that you take on the weight of the suffering, right? For other people. It's that sacrificial suffering, the way in which you take that up, even in the most difficult set of circumstances possible. So when you have a choice to choose the way in which you will take up the suffering, which is set upon you, that is what gives you a deeper sense of meaning. And if you choose to listen to the part of you that is guiding what you should do in our different set of circumstances, there is something that is calling us to, to live in a certain way in these times, you know, and I'm guessing they're not. That voice is not telling you to hoard toilet paper. Or to, you know, there's something else that that voice is telling you to do something brave, dignified and unselfish, right? And so then he says, or in the bitter fight for self-preservation to forget your human dignity and become no more than an animal. There is, there is a part of our brain that is always speaking to us about self-preservation. Sure. There, there is another part of our brain that is speaking to us maybe about the herd instinct or to help, to help the group, to help the family unit to consider the older people around you. If you're younger, it could be, you know, it's those, it's that other voice, right? And it may be more quiet. It may be a very quiet whisper of a voice. And the self-preservation may be very loud and maybe like save, you know, save yourself, do what's in your own interest, right? There's also the sexual, sexual sort of drive interest, right? That's always going on as well. So there's all these different parts of our brain that are speaking. And, but there's the part of you that chooses that, that chooses which one to magnify and which one to bring down an intensity.  Yeah. And if you listen to that brave, dignified, unselfish voice, that is where you can add the deeper meaning to your life. He has another, he has another quote and he said, we who lived in concentration camps can remember the men who walked through the huts comforting others, giving away their last piece of bread. They may have been few in number, but they offer sufficient proof that everything can be taken from a man. But one thing, the last of human freedoms to choose one's attitude in any given set of circumstances, to choose one's own way. It's good. So it's like you have this choice and there were these people in the concentration camps, there were few in number, he says, but they were giving away their last piece of bread. And interestingly, what he said was that once they lost that sense of meaning, the sense of camaraderie, the sense of like, we're in this together, that's when they sometimes perished. They sometimes just die. Like he, he describes in the book, he would see people and it's like, they just gave up. It's a, there was a psychological sort of like, I'm just going to give into this and just, and, and, and, and that sort of, that fight was gone, you know? Yeah. Yeah, I think about, um, the stories are amazing. And I think it's great because we can sit there and go like, look, that some of these, some of these people were able to do this in the, in the most dire circumstances beyond what we are currently experiencing. Um, and when I think about it, you know, one of, one of our core values that we stick to, um, that, that really drive what we do is that we choose right, no matter what. Well, chute, choosing rightly in the midst of like tranquility and comfort is not that hard. Uh, but choosing right in the midst of crisis is, is much more difficult. Uh, but I also think much more powerful, right? And so as I think through this, it's, it's really about bringing some order to the chaos that there is a, a level of chaos that we cannot control that we are in today. And, and, and the chaos that, that people like Victor Frankel were in, in a, in a concentration camp or even, you know, far worse, but we have the ability to make choices on a daily basis in the midst of the chaos that brings meaning to our life and, um, and allows us to stay mentally strong. And so, you know, it's pretty easy to, to live your life on a schedule when you have to be at work at eight and you leave at five and you take your lunch break at noon. It's a little different when it's a lot different when you're at home and nobody's telling you when you have to be somewhere it's easy to sit around in your pajamas all day and watch Netflix and eat junk food and get fat. It's a, it's another issue to say, wait a minute, I'm going to come out of this thing better than I went into it. And, and we're not talking about major things. We're talking about, I'm going to make sure, like whatever those small things are that bring you meaning. So you go, you know, I've got more time to read and make my mind better. I've got more time to train and make my body better. I've got the ability to cook food at home and to spend more quality time with my, my wife and my kids. And so there are opportunities here that, well, yes, there is a massive sacrifice for everyone. There are also opportunities to, to really find meaning in the, in the day to day. So it's, it's actually less when I'm here, you're saying, you know, when I think about the people given like their bread out to others, that's not this grand macro thing. That's a small step that they made that day that brought them meaning on that day. And it continued to, to, to. I think it was a perfect microcosm of what was actually going on in their, in their hearts, in their minds, in the grand scheme of things, right? And I think that, and so, you know, certainly we can, there are true stories about this of people being in concentration camps or prison or prisoners of war or whatever those things are. And, you know, you see the ones who were essentially continued to have meaning and, and bring order to chaos and they, and they make it through.   And they're like, listen, we're going to do this and we're going to be organized and we're going to live, you know, we're going to make the right choices for people. And then there are always also people, characters in those movies who are like off the rails. They're like, well, things are gone crazy. I'm going to, I'm going to give in to those animalistic natures, right?   And it's that, and to me, that is giving in to the chaos. You become part of the chaos rather than bringing order to the chaos. Yeah. And that's, if I could, if I could jump to like, okay, there's different areas where we can bring order to the chaos. Yeah, there is the physical places that we live, right? We can bring order to the chaos. We can clean our room, organize our stuff, plant a garden, prepare for a year, you know, of, we're not sure what will come. Sure. You know, we can, we can write a budget. We can, we can start to really think through like, okay, am I, am I prepared if, you know, this goes on for another six months? I, as a physician, and I'm looking at this, I'm like, how do we, how do we come out of this without if, if we have a vaccine, that's an easy win, right? Everyone gets a vaccine. Sure. Okay. If we have effective treatment, that's so good that we're not afraid of people getting it. Okay, that's a big win. The antibody treatments probably look the most promising, but it's going to take some time to get those up on a scale. Sure. That would actually be helpful. So until that happens, like, there's going to be a need for social, social distancing. So there's going to be prolonged, long-tracted period, and then there's going to be, you know, sort of a recession afterwards. So we're, we're kind of going into a season that we haven't experienced. And we don't know what it's going to be like. And there's a lot of that chaos. And so it's like, okay, how do I, how do I bring order to my physical order, to the area around me, to my dominion, so to speak? You know, how do I, how do I put my things in order? And I'm also aware, like, this is, this is really hard. Yeah. You know. Yeah, well, let's expand on that just a little bit.  It's a great place to start. So can you talk a little bit about, like, we're, we're social distancing. Nobody's going to see the bed. Nobody's going to see the room. Why is it important to make your bed and clean? I mean, literally, we're literally, like, we're using that as an example, but we literally mean, you should make your bed and clean your room, right?  So, so I kind of like the idea that, like, your stuff will either drain you of energy and take time from you, like, every everything you own will take a little bit of time from you.  So for example, if I want to be a dad and eventually a grandfather, and my physical body doesn't have order, then it will take away from me accomplishing that mission. Or if, you know, I want to be the best doctor I can and treat patients. If I'm physically exhausted all the time, because I stayed up late watching Netflix, you know, that will not allow me to accomplish that purpose. So in the same way, like cleaning your room, organizing your stuff, I think, I think it's one step towards more of the order and less of the chaos. And we live in a, we live in a time that's incredibly chaotic because we don't know the future. We don't know what's going on. And so I think that's why. Do you have any other thoughts on what? I do. I mean, but I think you're exactly right. The question is, who are we bringing? We're bringing order to our life for who? For us. I don't like, I don't clean my house. So it looks nice for other people. That's one of the things that's a benefit, right? I don't want to have people come over to my house and my house be trash.  And we distinguish a lot on this podcast, me especially in, I call it the difference between happiness and joy.  That's right, giving in to some of those lesser animalistic behaviors. And it might even make me feel happy for a short time, but it's fleeting and doesn't last. There's no joy in it.  And so for me, it's that order brings joy and it doesn't and it's not fleeting, right? It's less fleeting than the instant gratification piece.  I'm not bringing the order so I can impress the neighbor. The order is there because it gives me a sense of control in the midst of chaos that I don't have control. I have no control over how this thing spreads. But I have control over the order inside my house. And so that's why we do it. Yeah. Yeah, I think that's good. And I think it I think also, you know, I have watched some Netflix recently.  Like we've done the same thing. So we have been there. Yeah. But at the same time, you know, I wake up, I woke up this Saturday at 4am and I recorded my COVID-19 podcast and put it out there to, you know, 10,000 psychiatrists and mental health professionals equipping them to better understand the nuances of the medications and what we're up against. And, you know, I spend hours in the evenings digging into the content to prepare for that. That's that's my that is personally my little area of trying to help this situation. Sure. You know, at that at this point in my life, that's where I can make the biggest impact. Now, I also make impact talking to my patients and seeing people and being on call and, you know, mentoring the residents and stuff. But there's a multiplier effect with podcast right now. You can get it out there in front of a lot of people. Sure. But at the same time, it's like, how do you create that? For me, how do I create that order? It's like, yeah. Having, if I had a messy house, if I had a bunch of chaotic emails, like it would be really hard to create the space to be able to do that. That feels gross, right? It feels gross to me.  And same thing, I enjoy giving back to people, I feel like I've got opportunities to probably give back in ways that I don't normally have, even right now, or things that maybe there's a little more weight to it. But for me, when my life is out of order, it's very difficult to help others or to think about how I can give back when, you know, it could be something as simple as my house is messy, but it could also be something more complicated, like my relationship with my wife or my kids, you know, there's some there's some struggle there. Yeah. And so I can't give back. And so yeah, so so we literally mean make your bed, clean your room. And those are some of the most simple things you could ever do. We also mean this is also probably I would assume you would put this into the physical and not the psychological, although certainly it bleeds in. All of it does is it's to train or exercise with consistency, right? It's that you're sitting at home, you don't have to, right? So we we bring order to the chaos. And I know you want to move at some point to the psychological side of this as well. Where do you put that? Where do you put that training? Is that the physical side as well? So so the number two. So the first is the physical order of the house, the structure, the, you know, organ organizing your house. The second is probably the physical body, right? So organizing your physical body, having a plan, I would say most of your listeners already have had that, right? And if they if they don't do any cardio, I don't know, this might be a good time to do some cardio to kind of decrease that anxiety as well, like some walking or even that, you know, as well as as doing their lifting. But they've been doing that for years. And that's, or at least if they've been listening and doing, you know, squatting and stuff, they've been doing that for years. And so not neglecting that in this time, right? Finding ways to do that in this time. That would be number two, number three would be the psychological order. So how do they? How do they not just distract themselves from their thoughts? Right? So, you know, maybe journaling out their thoughts, putting their anxiety on trial, I put I put together a cognitive distortion journal. I'll give you the link to it. They could just download it. Yeah, there's one which I've done that. I assume that's the one that I did in the past. Yep. It's great. It's the one you did. You guys change it a little bit actually for COVID-19. Oh, okay. Putting in. It's great. It's all it's awesome. You do it every day, right? Is it eight days? Is that how long is it right now? There's a nine day because I added some of the Victor Frankl stuff in journaling. And you can repeat it over and over again. I think until you get it to the point where you're able to put your thoughts on trial and just to give you guys an idea what this is, it's like imagine you have thoughts like all or nothing thinking or over generalization. You over generalize from one bad situation over to everything or jumping to conclusions, predicting the future. These are cognitive distortions. We can't really predict the future. So we put the thoughts on trial and then we learn how to rewrite our thoughts to be more accurate. And essentially this is cognitive therapy that you can do on yourself. Right. And so you don't need a therapist to do it. Sometimes helps, but it's cognitive therapy. It's evidence based to help you decrease your anxiety, decrease your depression, improve your mood and also prevent you from future mood issues. So if you've never, if you've never done that, I think it could be really valuable. They, for example, they did this on people who were going to be residents in medicine. So they did this to fourth year medical students and they decreased their depression suicidality in that first three months, which is the highest risk three months of of their career pretty much because it's so stressful, you know, 180 to 100 hour work weeks, everything's new, you know, not everyone in the hospital is nice. So there's this incredible stress in that first three months that I went through and other people go through. And so it's like doing this type of thing before they went into it actually prepared them to be able to handle the stress. So yeah, number three would be putting creating some psychological order and not just kind of passively, you know, allowing your thoughts to run free. So you, you talked about the cognitive distortions journal. Are there some other good just basic practical takeaway examples of what our listeners can do to do that to help put themselves in psychological order? What are some other great options for them?  It could be a very thoughtful spiritual leader. It could be a it could be a friend. But having someone to be able to process some of their more anxious thoughts, there's there's a lot of people a lot of guys who like they think it's almost like weakness to have those thoughts, to have distressing thoughts so they don't want to tell anyone about it. So they basically just push it, push it down, push it down. There's a time to push things down. And there's there's, I think it's helpful to find to find a space where you can process through those things. If you feel like you can't do it, if you're if you're environment is not allowing you to do it by yourself. Yeah. Change your environment. Yeah. Yeah, I was thinking about the how helpful just having conversations with people about this has been for me. But my environment is such that the people I'm having the conversations about it are very they're they're good listeners, they're encouraging. They're not yes men. It's not that, but it's also not a cycle of negativity. And so I've actually found a tremendous amount of value even even talking on almost a daily basis to my wife and my daughters about what's going on and what's how how's this affecting you guys and just kind of I think just talking through the thing being able to emote and being able to be honest about what what we're feeling. And I think like if you're not careful and you surround yourself with the wrong people, like that could turn into sort of a a negative spiral. Yeah, if you're not careful, but but we try to keep the things positive and remind ourselves, you know, how we're blessed in our in our lives and whatnot. And I've done the same thing with, you know, members of my life group at my church and my my pastor or, you know, my sister or my brother, like just those conversations, you like even having converses actually the podcast for me, I've had we've sort of pivoted a little bit in the podcast over the last week or two where. You know, Scott and I, we this podcast, we don't do very many interviews on. We are we are the ones that provide the content. And I think right now, like I am not the expert with COVID-19. And so bringing people on to talk about the things that people are worried about or anxious about or interested in has actually been there's been a tremendous side benefit for me. And then I've been able to sort of process through those things as well. And so all of those things have been very helpful to me to be to be able to do.  We can do it now this way and all that kind of stuff. It's been really, really nice. Of course, you and I, we don't I don't make any. No, it's I don't hide this that you and I talk frequently on on more of a more of a counseling sort of one-on-one level. And it's been extremely helpful. And so certainly find those people. I think that's fantastic. Yeah, the one other thought that I have on how to create psychological order is to limit the news and limit the watching anxious people talk about their anxiety. Sure. It's it's something that like how much do you really need to know, you know, can you limit it to one time a day? Like, OK, I'm going to I'm going to, you know, read some articles for half an hour a day on this to figure out what's going on in the world, what's changing. But and it's interesting, I was thinking about giving this advice. And I think it's good advice, but then for myself, like, I'm preparing episodes on it. So I'm literally like in it all the time for for like a week prepared for this last podcast.  And there was a psychological effect that I had because I would wake up in the middle of the night thinking about these articles, thinking about the cases that I was reading about, thinking about the health care workers in the field. So there is this. You're preaching to yourself as much as everybody else. I'm preaching to myself. Yeah, I need to. Well, and I think that I think it's different preparing something to share that's that's going to help other people. I think that, you know, do you really need to watch one of the news channels? You know, maybe just read this CDC once a day to kind of get your update. Sure. I don't know. It might be more valuable, right? Yeah, that's I mean, that's kind of what we've done. And I think some of it, you know, you can tell me if I'm right or wrong. Some of it probably depends on your personality a little bit, too. Like I don't really get anxious reading this stuff. Now, I'm also it's just a time waster for me to read four or five hours worth of worth of articles on this thing. And so so I give myself about 45 minutes or an hour every night to read. I want to read more about like the cutting edge stuff, you know, like the the serological studies or that there are able to getting they're getting ready to be able to do right there. They're going to be able to they're going to be able to start taking blood from people and really getting an idea of how many people have had this thing because they'll know if there's antibodies and stuff. So I like reading about some of that stuff. I like reading about the federal stimulus. How can I help my employees? How can I help my church? How can, you know, people that could could potentially yeah, take take an active role in that. But what I've done is we my wife and I both do that at night for a few minutes and then we stop. We put our phones away and then we talk through it. Hey, you know, I read this. I saw this and we just kind of and we kind of process through it because we're not super anxious people or depressed, you know, like pessimists. Then we don't we don't spiral ourselves into into this like pit of negativity. And we're able to kind of talk through the things that we read and process it and like, OK, now we're done for the day. And we don't have to talk about this stuff anymore. And then we move on to them then often like we've actually our schedule has probably been a little tighter since all this stuff has happened. And remember, I've said this on the podcast too. I've had after I once I wasn't sick anymore with COVID, I probably have left changes to my life on a day to day basis and the vast majority people because I work from home anyway. My wife's to stay at home, mom, we homeschool our kids. We kind of we live here, right? And so we have we didn't have to figure out how do we all live in the same house together? We've done that for years. But you know, we said we get up in the morning a lot of times and we have kind of a family meeting and like this is what's going on for the day. It's almost like a staff meeting. Like what are we doing today? What school are we doing? And you know, we've got the rules like we don't sit around in our pajamas. We don't sleep till 10.  And then you know, my wife I have I have more time even on my hands than I normally because I don't have business meetings and we don't go to restaurants and certainly we're not going out and meeting other people or having them come here. And so there's more time. But we decided several nights ago, like, hey, we're not going to watch any more than two hours of Netflix in any given day or in whatever streaming. Okay. So like that's max for us. I'm like, we're not going to we're not doing this binge for because I just feel gross when I do it. I don't mind watching some stuff like it's fine. But what we've done is so we've we've kind of got our time immediately after dinner. And we usually just watch about an hour, one hour of television. And then we read usually about code. And then we talk. And then we move on and we we lay in bed and we read a book together or we read separate fiction books that kind of take our minds completely off this thing so we can relax and sleep and it's worked really, really well to sort of have that schedule. We eat dinner together as a family every single night, right? Most of the nights we're cooking at home. Occasionally we do or dash because it's great. But you know, and like you said, it's brought some order to the chaos for us. And this is a little bit of a new normal even for us. But it's feels OK, you know, yeah, for sure. I've one more category of bringing order. Yeah. You know, there's like a spiritual order that I think we can bring to our lives in that category, even if you're not a spiritual person, I think you'll appreciate these things. If there's people you need to forgive, if there are amends that you need to make, can you use this space to do some of those things? Now, I have an episode on forgiveness. One of the things that I say about forgiveness is it's not saying that what happened was wrong. I mean not wrong. It's not saying that what happened was not wrong. Like it's actually saying like actually it was wrong. What happened to me?  So if you spend like 5% of your day thinking about this this thing where you were wronged or, you know, do you really want to spend that, you know, it doesn't have to be someone that you know it could be like, you know, you spent if you spend 20% of your day angry at some politician or some person that you don't even know like that might be something that you need to work through psychologically or spiritually as well. Right? Yep. So in my mind, I don't want to have to spend any emotional energy thinking about people who have wronged me in the past. And so through the process of like letting go. And I think it's really helped clear my brain to allow me to think about things that are actually meaningful. That's good. It's good. Yeah.   You can start literally with something like making your bed or hanging up your laundry, like a simple task. And then it seems like there's some a little more depth with each one of those. Look, look at one area of your house at a time, right? If so, for example, like your closet, are there clothes that you haven't used in two years that are in your closet? Maybe put them in a pile, give them away. So take one little area of your house at a time and create order, create, you know, like, how is this stuff serving me? How is this organized so that I can use it in time of need or, you know, basically that it's not just chaos. Yeah. Yeah. One little area at a time. Yeah. Or even things as simple as maybe decide the day before, what time am I going to wake up tomorrow? What time am I going to go to bed tomorrow? And then stick to that, right? And it doesn't have to be 4 a.m. Right? It doesn't have to be like what you and I do. But but I'm going to get up at this time and get up at six or I'm going to get up at seven or whatever it is, I'm going to go to bed by 10. Those are pretty easy things to do. And then as I think about it as you then, you know, you work then on your physical body and that's a probably a little that's a little more of a takes a little more work and a little more planning. What am I going to eat? How am I going to exercise? I'm going to take care of myself this way or that way. It requires some planning as well. And then you step into that psychological piece and there's probably there's a little more weightiness to that as well. It's certainly probably evokes more emotion than making your bed. You know, dealing with my anxieties, dealing with my fears, talking to people, journaling, cognitive distortions, all of those things are very important. But I think they're it's a little more weighty than making your bed, right? And then I think probably some of the hardest things for us are are those of us who need to let go of something greater and some of that some of those, you know, spiritual health issues of forgiving people that not not for them. It's not for them. Right. It's for you to give you free because you live in in bondage to that thing. And so or whatever those things are, you know, make things right with people, make things right if you believe in a higher power, you know, making things right there as well. I think it's maybe even the most weighty of all. So I think you've given people a good. I don't want to package it in a in a pretty little, you know, present tied up in a neat little bow package. But I also think there's some there's some sort of pragmatics in the simplicity of start with the very first thing that's small and do the small thing first and then start working through. Yeah. Yeah. So there's these four different kind of domains, the physical order of your space where you live, your physical body, and then three would be the psychological order, and then four would be kind of more of the spiritual. And I think the the other thought that I have is to in the end, sort of in that spiritual domain is kind of one, one spiritual aspect is I think the kind of sacrificial love or the the agape love. It's like the love for other people that that is to serve the other people first and foremost.  You know, are there little areas where you can do that to other people or for other people?  If it's if it's your business, like you said today, you're thinking about the people who are in your business, you're thinking about how to help them financially through this time, you know, and, you know, it realize that people will not always be as receptive to that. But it's it's like you're doing it for them, you're not doing it for yourself.  I don't know, but thinking about like we're in this together, this is going to be a tough time. This is going to be a time where we can live out for other people, maybe a little bit more and listen to that that voice. If you have that voice, listen to it. That's good. Don't give into the animalistic behavior. That's the key. All the time. Always enlightening, sir. Thank you so much. Lots of great. I love it because we walk through sort of these big sort of philosophical things and then you help make it practical for our listeners, which is nice. So hopefully everybody's got some great takeaways there that they can begin to put into practice. As always, thank you for being on the show. Dr. Peter will always be, I say always, hopefully will always be a routine guest for us. And while we don't do a lot of interviews, this is when you're on the show, it's not an interview, right? It's a content episode that I can't provide and that Scott can't provide that we can't provide because we want to bring on some of those professionals that can do a good job of filling a gap for our people. It's I hope it's a it's a dialogue and I hope it's a dialogue with your listeners as well. I'll once you get this up, I'll post it to my social media. If anyone has any comments or questions, just throw up a comment on on my social media.  That's my website. I'm putting the cognitive distortion journal like right at the very, very top of that main website. So psychiatrypodcast.com it'll be right there at the very top. You don't have to put in your email or anything. Just download it. And I'll get you that link as well. So you can share that. Yeah, we'll have it in the show notes as well for sure. Great place to start. I did it several months ago was tremendously helpful for me laying those things out. It is hard, right? It's hard to actually like sit down and do it twice.  And I realize and for some people, I probably maybe I need to do it four or five times. I think each time you get through it, it's a little bit easier. I say easier.  But I think because in the beginning, you're trying to figure out what your junk actually is. Like you don't even realize where you have these cognitive distortions. What you've gone through it once, you sort of have a foundational list of I know that it's it's in my nature to to have these distortions. And then are there, you know, have I put some of those away? Have I brought on new ones? It's a little easier to have something to work off of. First time through, you're kind of thinking through like, OK, what do I have cognitive distortions about? And but it's extremely helpful just to just to bring those to light, you know, just to go like, oh, I didn't realize I that's not even what that's not reality. I think and it's something that's not reality there. And you're like, you don't even realize you're doing it. So yeah, extremely helpful. We'll put those in the show notes and thank you guys for listening. So good anything else from you? Nope, should be good. Thank you for having me on beautiful. Thanks for being on the show. Thank you guys for listening and we'll see you in a few days.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we discussed the following question which says, a variable plane is at a constant distance 3p from the origin, cuts the coordinate axis at abc by the locus of the centroid of triangle abc. Let's proceed with the solution now. First of all we take net the equation of the variable plane bx upon a plus y upon b plus z upon c equal to 1. Let this be equation 1. Now we have plane 1 needs to be x axis, y axis, z axis at point a with coordinates a00, b with coordinates 0b0 and c with coordinates 00c respectively. Then we take net the coordinates of the centroid of triangle abc b alpha beta gamma. So this means we have alpha is equal to the x coordinate of point a which is a plus the x coordinate of point b which is 0, plus the x coordinate of point c which is 0 upon 3 that is equal to a upon 3. Then beta is equal to y coordinate of point a that is 0 plus the y coordinate of point b which is b, plus the y coordinate of point c which is 0 upon 3 this is equal to b upon 3. Then gamma is equal to the z coordinate of point a that is 0 plus the z coordinate of point b which is 0, plus the z coordinate of point c which is c upon 3 and this is equal to c upon 3. So this means we get a is equal to 3 alpha, b is equal to 3 beta and c is equal to 3 gamma. We are given that 3p is the distance of the plane 1 from the origin that is 000 that is we have 3p is equal to, now let's find out the distance of the plane 1 from the origin. So this would be equal to modulus of 0 upon a plus 0 upon b plus 0 upon c minus 1 and this whole upon square root of 1 upon a square plus 1 upon b square plus 1 upon c square. Further we get 3p is equal to 1 upon square root of 1 upon a square plus 1 upon b square plus 1 upon c square. So we get square root of 1 upon a square plus 1 upon b square plus 1 upon c square is equal equal to 1 upon 3 p.  Now in place of a, b, c here we put 3 alpha 3 beta 3 gamma respectively.    Hence we say the required locus is x to the power minus 2 plus y to the power minus 2 plus z to the power minus 2 equal to p to the power minus 2. So this is our final answer. This completes the session. Hope you have understood the solution of this question.