Hello everyone, I am Dr. Asha Thalange and today we are going to discuss state diagram and state table for sequence detector using Moore model for overlapping type. At the end of this session, you will be able to draw the state diagram and state table for the overlapping type sequence detector using Moore machine model. These are the contents we will be covering in this session. Now, before moving ahead, pause this video and recall what is the overlapping type of sequence detector? Well, in overlapping sequence detector, one or more than one bits of one sequence can become the part of the next sequence. For example, consider a sequence detector to detect a sequence 101. Now, let us assume that this is the input bit stream arriving. So, here the first bit of the sequence is one. So, here as the one bit is received, if this is assumed to be the first bit of the sequence, the next bit coming is also one. So, here the sequence gets broken. So, this bit is now assumed to be the first bit of the sequence and then it is stressed again. So, 101. So, here the sequence is being detected and the output is made one. So, this bit is acting as a first bit for the sequence and this bit is acting as a last bit for the sequence. Now, for overlapping type, here this bit can be treated as the first bit for the next sequence. So, here if we start from the same bit, so 101. So, this is the end of the next sequence and output is made again one. Similarly, the same bit can be treated as the first bit for the next sequence. So, again the next sequence is detected as 101 and output is made one here. So, we can see here in this case the last bit of the previous sequence is acting as a first bit for the next sequence. So, in this case there is overlapping of one bit. So, it is possible that depending on the sequence there can be more than one bits of overlapping. So, this is how overlapping type sequence detector method is implemented. Now, let us draw the state diagram for a sequence detector using a Moore model. Let us consider the same example 101. Now, we know that in the Moore model the number of states required to represent the state diagram for a sequence detector is always one bit greater than the number of bits inside the sequence. For example, here the number of bits in the sequence is 4. So, the number of states required is always 4 plus 1 that is 5 states. Initially in the reset mode the first the state machine moves into the initial state. Let us assume that now the incoming bit stream is initially as per the sequence. So, when the first bit is received that is bit 1 is received there is a state transition taking place from S0 state to S1. When the next bit received is 0 then again there is a state transition from S1 to S2. Further again when the third bit is received that is again the state transition takes place from S2 to S3. And finally, when the last bit is received there is a state transition from S3 to S4. And here the whole sequence is received and finally the output is made 1. So, you can see in all other states the output is 0 only once the whole sequence is received the output is made 1 in the state S4. Now, we know that S0 is waiting for the first bit, S1 is waiting for the second bit, S2 is waiting for the third bit and S3 is waiting for the fourth bit. Now, let us consider the initial state again if the incoming bit is instead of 1 if it is 0. So, the first bit if it is 0 it means there is no start of the sequence so, no state transition takes place. So, here the next state is again the same state that is S0. So, it remains in the same state when the first bit received is 0. Now, again let us say if the next bit received is 1 and there is a state transition takes place it moves to state S1. Now, here if 0 is received it moves to next state. Now, if after 1 if again a 1 bit is received. So, here as soon as 1 bit received it means there is a break of a sequence and now this 1 bit is treated as the first bit. So, after first bit here there is a state transition from S0 to S1 to wait for the next bit. So, here even though in S1 if the bit 1 is remaining so, here it will wait in the same state to receive the second bit. So, here there is no state transition and it will remain again in the state S1. Now, let us say that here now 0 is received and thus it will move the state from S1 to S2. So, the received bit is 1 0. Now, here if a 0 bit is received it will move again further. Now, if a bit received at S2 is 1 so, the sequence will be 1 0 1. So, here the sequence got broken. So, if the received bit at S2 is 1 it means we will treat this 1 as the again start of the sequence and the received bit is treated as the first bit. So, it has to move to the place where it will wait for the second bit that is 0. So, here in the case S2 if the next bit received is 1 it will move back again to the state S1 to wait for the second bit. Now, let us assume that the next bit in received in S2 is 0. So, it will move to the next state. It means up till now the received bit is say 1 0 and 0 and now it has reached to S3. So, if in the state if the next bit received is 1 it will move to S4 state, but if the next bit received is again 0 in the S3 state. So, the incoming bit will be 1 0 0 and again 0 it means again the sequence got broken. So, here once the sequence got broken in this case I have to start again from the initial state itself. So, here in S3 if a bit received is 0. So, it will go back again to the initial state and wait for the first one to appear. Only when the first one appears then it will again move to the next state. Now, let us say that it has received all the 4 bits and now it has reached to the state S4. Now, in this S4 once the sequence is completed now here the output is made 1. Now, again there are 2 possibilities when the input received is 1 or the input received is 0 in the state S4. Now, if the input received is 1. So, here it means since it is overlapping here if this is the last bit and the next bit received is also 1. It means we cannot treat this as the start bit as the sequence got broken. Now, here in this case we can treat this as the first bit of the next sequence. And then to wait for the second bit of the sequence we know that we have to move to state S1. So, here in S4 when the incoming bit the next bit received if it is 1 it will move to the S1 state to wait for the next bit that is 0. And then the same thing continues. On the other hand if in S4 if the next bit received is 0. So, it means this last bit of the sequence can be treated as the first bit for the next sequence. And here the next bit received is 0. So, it means what we have received already 1 and 0. So, it has to wait for the third bit and we know that the third bit is received in the state S2. So, here in S4 if the next bit received is 0. So, here it will move to the S2 bit to wait for the third bit. So, in this way this bit is acting here in a overlapping form. So, 1, 0, 0 and 1. So, this is how the circle completes. So, in this way this is how the state diagram for the sequence detector is obtained for the sequence 1, 0, 0, 1 using the Moore model for overlapping type. Now, let us draw the state table for the sequence detector using the Moore model for the given state diagram. Now, as shown here it consists of 5 states. So, these 5 states are written as shown in the present state from S0 to S4. Now, depending on the input value A equal to 0 or A equal to 1 depending on the state transition we put here the next state value. So, consider the present state as S0. So, when present state is S0 if input is A equal to 0. So, the next state is also 0. So, here the next state is S0. Similarly, when input is 1 the next state is S1. So, here when the input is 1 the next state is also S1. Also since it is a Moore model the output depends only on the present state. So, here we know that if for S0 the output is 0. So, here the output is 0. Similarly, for S1 state considering present state as S1 when input is 0 there is a state transition the next state is S2. So, here when input is 0 next state is S2 and S1 when input is 1 the next state is in the same state that is S1. And also in S1 the output is 0. So, during the present state S1 output is again 0. So, this is how the state diagram is converted to the state table. So, similarly for all other states this is what the next state and the output is obtained. So, this is the state table for the sequence detector using the Moore model. Now, pause this video and based on the method discussed try to draw the state diagram and the state table to detect the sequence 1 1 1 using Moore model. For this overlapping type this is the state diagram and state table for the sequence 1 1 1 using Moore model for the overlapping type. These are the references used. Thank you.


Daily Tech News show is made possible by its listeners, thanks to all of you, including Alexander Nisev, Hector Bones and Tim Ashman. Coming up on DTNS, Dr. Nicky tells us why a warming world might be bad for your cloud data, plus we actually know about Musk's takeover of Twitter and how Google let people know about an earthquake before they felt it. And yes, there's a cat on the show. This is the Daily Tech News for Monday, October 31st, Halloween 2022 in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Merritt. And from Studio Redwood, I'm Spooky Sarah Lane. From New York City, I'm Dr. Nicky Ackermanns, and my familiar is Gummi. And I'm the show's producer, Roger Chan. Yes, thank you for introducing Gummi. Gummi wanted to introduce themselves as well. Good to have you all, including Gummi, on the show. Let's start with the quick hits. A few tech things you should know. Microsoft's head of Xbox, Phil Spencer says he's still planning to ship Call of Duty games on PlayStation as long as there's a PlayStation out there to ship to Spencer's promise comes after Sony said it received an inadequate offer to extend Call of Duty's cross-platform access for three years past the current agreement. Microsoft is also under continued scrutiny from international governments over its proposed $69 billion purchase of Activation Blizzard. As long as there's a... I want there to be a musical version of what Phil Spencer said. Google acquired startup Altar, which first launched as FaceMoji. That might be how you know of it. For approximately $100 million, they picked it up about two months ago. They didn't talk much about it. We're just learning about it. Altar has a platform that lets developers add avatar creation systems to apps and games. Very meta-versey stuff these days. TechCrunch's sources say the purchase is meant to help Google compete against TikTok. On Monday, China launched the third and final module necessary to complete its permanent space station. Meng Cheng was launched from the Wen Cheng Satellite Launch Center in the province of Hainan. It will join with the second laboratory, module Wen Chen, which is already connected to the crew and their living quarters, Tianhe. The 23-ton Wen Chen is heavier than any other single module spacecraft currently in space. Next year, China plans to launch a space telescope, which won't be part of the space station, but will orbit in sequence with it. The station is expected to have a lifespan of 10 to 15 years. China still pursues a zero COVID policy these days, locking down factories, apartment complexes, even sometimes whole cities in response to any number of cases. And Foxconn's Zhengzhou facility is the largest assembly site for Apple products, and workers at that factory have been locked down for almost two weeks now, meaning they cannot go anywhere but between their homes and the factory. And for those who live in the dorms at the factory, that means not leaving the campus at all. The town has recorded 95 cases in the past four days. However, there are scattered reports of workers just leaving their jobs, hitting the road, getting out of Foxconn. And there are some reports that that might even be slowing down production lines. The Verge notes that while the new iPad has a USB-C connector, it's not a USB-4 port or even USB 3.2. It's USB 2.0. So transfer speeds top out at 480 megabits per second. That is the same transfer speed as the ninth gen iPad with lightning. So apparently Apple changed the connector, but they didn't really change much else. It's also a good reminder that USB-C connection doesn't imply a USB version number. All other iPads with USB-C connectors support faster speeds, but even all of those aren't the same. All right, let's talk about the, it's not an elephant, it's a bird. It's Twitter. Let's talk about Twitter. Oh, it's a bird, it's a sad bird. Well, you know what? It depends on who you are. Maybe sad, maybe not. Sources talking to both Casey Newton's platformer and the Verge say that Twitter owner Elon Musk has given engineers until November 7th to create a paid verification system for the company, details of which are still in flux. But one plan floating around would currently have folks who are verified needing to pay $19.99 per month to continue on with Twitter blue up from the current $4.99. Now, if you're verified and you don't pay for Twitter blue, you might say, does this apply to me? It may, it may not. Details again, pretty sparse at this point. Currently though, verified Twitter users would supposedly be given 90 days to subscribe after which point the blue check mark would be removed. Musk has only confirmed that the whole verification process is being revamped right now. Yeah, so they're considering a lot of things. A lot of them are leaking out, but we don't know what they're going to do yet. There are other things like that that are reportedly happening, uh, according to reliable sources, uh, some of them saying Musk wants to lay off anywhere from 25 to 50% of the staff, depending on which reports you read, including managers who haven't recently contributed code, uh, saying there's there's too many managers, not enough coders. Tesla engineers have apparently been brought over to Twitter to interview Twitter developers and review their code. Axios's sources say the former head of consumer product, Kavon Bakepour, uh, was seen in the building. If you recall, he was fired back in May by former CEO, Parag Agarwal. Those sources also say that PayPal's founding, uh, CEO, David Sacks, Tesla engineer, Thomas Demetrik, and venture capitalist, Jason Calcanus are all listed on Twitter's internal directory now as contractors with Twitter email addresses. And there's supposedly been some discussion of how to provide Twitter over Starlink satellites in countries where Twitter is blocked. We also have a few things that we know for sure have happened. Oh, wow. The first one, I know the first one is that Twitter's homepage changed from just a sign up page. So if you were to go to Twitter.com and you weren't signed in, it now shows you as a visitor, the Explorer page, trending tweets, news stories, instead of a sign up, uh, you know, a homepage, which is what it was in the past. Uh, number two is, uh, Elon Musk posted a poll on Twitter on Sunday, asking, bring back Vine, getting a lot of attention, as you might, uh, imagine would be the case. And the third is that General Motors, uh, released a statement that it had temporarily paused its advertising at Twitter. Well, it works to understand the direction of the platform under their new ownership, very careful, uh, wording, um, within the company. But one might assume that if you're GM, me, there's probably a lot of advertising dollars there. Yeah, no, so for the things that did happen, these all make sense. Uh, GM is pausing its advertising while it figures out if the competing car maker that owns Twitter, uh, is going to treat it fairly. I find that thoroughly unsurprising. Uh, Elon Musk says, bring back Vine because Vine's really popular. And he wanted to say something really popular, also thoroughly unsurprising. And actually changing Twitter's homepage to show you actual tweets. I've always thought was a better idea than just showing you the signup page. That just seems like a, a reasonable thing to make happen. This other stuff that we don't know anything about what's really going to happen and how much of it is a serious conversation and not, uh, is interesting to me, I, I could imagine a situation where they make a verification free as, as in like basic verification, because the, the entire blue check mark thing has always been about whether it was actually a status symbol or not. And I could see Musk saying, like, let's just lean into it, be in a status symbol. And if it's a status symbol, make people pay for it. Uh, if that were to happen and verification was separated for it, then I don't know, that wouldn't bother me that much. Nikki, what do you make of this whole mess? Well, I was in tumblr back on the day. Okay. So I have PTSD from the whole thing crashing under our eyes. And maybe this will happen again. And also second point, I spend a lot of time curating my science Twitter to be like a nice place where people aren't horrible. And I get like good information and collaborations from there. And science Twitter right now is thinking about jumping ship. Not sure what's going on. And I would like to not have to jump ship because it takes a lot of work. So I don't know. I'm like in stasis. I don't know. Yeah. Yeah. You know, the, I don't know. There's so much, um, I guess just, uh, the, uh, there, there's, there's a lot to unpack here. Um, there's a lot. We don't, we don't have any info. Right. And the whole kind of idea of like bring back vine, uh, I know, you know, a lot of folks are like, ah, that's just like a thing that you say to get people riled up because so many people used to like Vine when Vine was owned by Twitter. I mean, Vine already exists now, just in other places. Well, you know, it's this, right, right.  It didn't necessarily work out the first time, but, but it, it, it worked for a certain amount of people for, for a while. Yeah. And, and it might not be a bad idea for Twitter to, to be like, hey, we were the original place of Vine. There's a lot of good will out there. Maybe we can give TikTok a run because the timing is right now because people understand short video. Uh, that's not crazy. Uh, and, and I don't think it's crazy for must to float it out there as a point winning gesture, whether they end up doing it or not. Uh, so I, I think there's a lot of, a lot of hand wringing going on right now, uh, and, and, and really we just kind of have to sit back and, and wait and see what Musk is actually going to do with it. I mean, I will say, tell me exactly what's going on right this second. I, I, I am verified on Twitter. I actually don't remember the circumstances under which I got verified. It was a while ago. Uh, I think it was sort of in the earlier days when maybe it was like, ah, public figure, you're obviously who you say you are. I knew a couple of people at Twitter type thing. Um, I think the idea of paying $20 a month for Twitter in any capacity is completely insane. Yeah. Uh, I'm not doing that. Uh, you want to unverify me, go for it. You know, people who, people who want to like figure out if I am who I am, you can do that. However, I think that I have the privilege of saying, well, just, you know, figure out who I am.  So there are a lot of circumstances where this is really problematic. Yeah. And to be clear, there's no good verification system on Twitter as it is. They've gone back and forth and all over the place. So, so people saying, well, if he does this verification will be bad. It's like, that's no different than it is right now. Right. Right now it's not a good system for verification anyway. Um, hopefully what ends up happening is, is that verification gets fixed. Uh, and, and I'm not saying it will or won't, but yeah, I'm not paying $20 a month to keep that blue checkmark either. I got it because we interviewed Biz Stone and Evan Williams on seen at live, like in 2008. So I couldn't be $4. I'm not even sure how it showed up. If it goes away, even if it was $1, I'm just not doing that. Sure. Uh, we also had a few people write in saying they felt like Justin and I cut off Sarah during Thursday's discussion about Twitter. Uh, Sarah, I apologize for that. I know you read those responses too and wanted to respond to them. Yeah, and, and we'll make this really quick. Um, there were a few of you who wrote in and we're always asking for audience feedback, so we want to address feedback when we get it. And, uh, a handful of you said, yeah, I didn't, you know, didn't really rub me the right way, the way that the conversation went. Um, I went back and listened to that segment a couple times, uh, from Thursday's show, just so everybody knows. I don't think, uh, Justin, Tom or I all felt that there was any sort of discord ha ha, um, during the segment. Um, and you know, we just kind of kept it pushing because that's just what you do on a live daily show. And, um, for anybody who felt like, ooh, Sarah should have had a little bit more to say, um, thank you for the feedback. That's good feedback for all of us. But, um, just so everybody knows we're all a team here. So, you know, that there was, there was no, no, no bad vibes on our end. Yeah. And I always take those things as a chance to, to double check myself and be like, Oh, maybe I should have made sure there, there was a chance, you know, even if, even if Sarah didn't feel that way, uh, you always want to make sure that the audience that everyone feels like everybody had a chance to, to say everything they want to say. So thank you for the, the honest and polite feedback. Really appreciate it. Indeed. Yes. Very communication. Yeah. On Tuesday, our video producer Joe Coontz told me he got an alert on his Google watch moments before a 5.1 magnitude earthquake hit San Francisco. Joe, if you could switch to yourself for a moment, uh, tell us about what happened with that, uh, on Tuesday last week. Um, so I was walking into the bathroom and my watch had a very distinct and unique, um, notification and I looked down and I just got to read earthquake alert 5.0 and I didn't even get to see where it was from and I felt it was probably three to five seconds at the most, but after everything calmed down and we knew it wasn't near us, I was really impressed with it. Like that three to five seconds would have made a difference depending on where I was. So the technology worked at least in this area. You, and you definitely got the alert before you felt it. That's interesting. Oh, yes. Oh, yes. Absolutely. I mean, I guess not really enough to do much about it, but at least you kind of knew what was happening when it happened. Five seconds later, I would have been in a position where I really would not want to be in an earthquake. I was, well, for anybody thinking, well, wow. I mean, has this ever happened before a house? Wasn't the first time that Google has sent an earthquake alert, but because of the location that was near San Francisco, it reached a lot more phones, a lot more people who had phones and around a million Android users did see it. Ars Technica also has a write up on how the system actually works. Doesn't actually predict the earthquake. It detects it faster than people can feel it though. Yeah. The Android alert last Tuesday came thanks to shake alert. Shake alert is not related to Shake Shack in any way. It is a project under the United States Geological Survey that detects the first signs of earthquakes. Earthquakes generally start with softer waves called P waves, and people don't usually feel P waves, but they are detectable. So when at least four of the 1,300 USGS sensors on the West Coast feel the same P waves at the same moment, they send an alert to a data processing center for analysis. And if it meets certain criteria, then Shake Alert sends warnings to FEMA, local transit systems and other systems like Google's that can tell you that the stronger and more damaging S waves may be on the way. S waves are the ones you do feel. Shake alert warnings if you're close to the center of the earthquake probably won't get to you before you feel the S waves. Like if you're right on top of it, but if you're a little farther off like Joe was, you will get a few seconds anyway, which could be something that can help you find a safer location. Yeah. The USGS plans to increase the number of West Coast sensors to 1,675 by 2022 by the end of 2022. And Google has plans to help extend the network beyond where the expensive sensors can be placed. Mark Stogatis, the project lead for the Android earthquake alert system told Ards Technica that Android phones can use accelerometers to detect earthquakes when they're plugged in and when they're locked. So while people aren't always around the epicenters of earthquakes, epicenters of earthquakes, they can help supplement coverage. And Dr. Nikki, you, you covered this for Daily Tech headlines earlier this year. So it was interesting to see this, you know, affecting more people now. Yeah, it's really cool. I also anecdotally saw that the Android phones were quicker at this than iPhones. And it's probably just like a software thing. And it may not be this exact instance, but it's just interesting to see it in place. And it's like hopeful for the future that, okay, even if you have five seconds, it's five seconds to duck under the table. I like seeing technology progress in real life. Yeah, it's, it's something where you're right, a few seconds doesn't seem like a lot. And as Joe pointed out, it took him a second to be like, what is that? But if we become more used to it and prepared for it, then we might start to be able to say, like, oh, oh, cool, I'm getting the alert. Let me, let me get into a doorway. Let me get away from a window, whatever it is. Yeah. On the second time you get it, you'll be more prepared. You'll be more prepared. Yeah. Well, it is October 31st, which means in many places where people celebrate it is Halloween. And then a couple of days, it's also Dia de los Muertos, a.k.a. Day of the Dead. And NTX's Dan Campos has a way to celebrate video game developers. In NTX, we're celebrating the Day of the Dead and also the week of the games. Every day we'll have an interview with the minds behind mex zombies, dark tales from Mexico, beyond the nightmares, candlelight and mostroscopy to know how their games were developed. There you have it, practice your Spanish, get free games and know a little more about game developers around the world, only in Noticias de Tecnología Express. So it's La Semana Day video game developers on NTX. Those videos. Yeah, go check it out. Thank you, Dan. That's great. Hey, folks, if you're feeling social and you want to let us know about stuff, we are on Twitter at DTNS show and our daily, yeah, DTNS show and on TikTok, Daily Tech News show and on Instagram, DTNS pics. DTNS P-I-X. As it is Halloween, as Sarah just mentioned, Dr. Nikki insisted we pick a spooky science topic. And I insisted it involved data centers and gosh darn it if Dr. Nikki didn't come through. What have you got, Nikki? Can you tell that I like Halloween?  So why is climate change a threat to supercomputers? We're going to get really spooky, don't worry. So in 2018, people started opening their eyes to this when a California wildfire burned 230 kilometers away from the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center and this place houses a supercomputer and what happened was all the smoke and the soot from the fires kind of clogged up the air that they would usually use to cool down the computer. So they had to close that off and use recirculated air and this drove up the humidity within the facility and created condensation and then eventually a blowout in the racks. Which is pretty dangerous for a supercomputer. And this is not the only time this has happened. There's been other threats to this same facility with big storms that almost caused power lines to go down in the same area or in Japan, for example, where a power line did go down and the facility had an outage and floods for over 45 hours. So to kind of link this to climate change, a 2022 proceedings of the National Academy of Science paper says that Earth's average surface temperature has risen 1.5 degrees since the industrial era. And this is on average and so in places like the tropics, this is up to four degrees higher. And if the projection continues to follow this trend, the authors are predicting a 30 fold increase in heat waves, a 60% increase in extreme rains within the next 100 years. So obviously this is going to start causing a lot of problems. And all of these factors require these super computer facilities to invest even more in extra power consuming humidity and temperature control. And of course, those create more emissions and it kind of starts to create a vicious cycle. Yeah, it kind of seems like, you know, the combination of a super computer being threatened by climate change and climate change threatening the climate in general means how do we win here? Well, we're a little bit stuck. I mean, these facilities use up to 100 megawatts of power. That's as much as like a small city. In hotter climates, there's higher energy demand, even from all of the people around who need to run things like air conditioners. And this can lead to more power cuts and blackouts. Some facilities have experimented with moving north, like geographically north into cooler climates. But those cooler climates are now warming up and becoming more humid. So that's not really doing great. Of course, these facilities also require water to cool down. Another thing that we're starting to run out of. Other facilities have considered moving underground. This is something that could be interesting in the future, but they're still going to require electricity. So the solutions are like not great, but there are some options. Some places are switching to renewable resources for their electricity rather than fossil fuels, which are the main, you know, resource right now to power these places. Obviously, this depends on what grid you're on. Not all countries have a great source of renewable resources. And for example, in the EU, a lot of data centers have signed the Carbon Neutral Data Center Act, which aims for them to be carbon neutral by 2050. Other things that people are doing are carbon offset policies. Like you must have heard of people like we're going to plant a thousand trees to offset our carbon emissions. These are actually kind of problematic because there's no real control to say that it's working. And in fact, the trees that get planted, usually it's like a monoculture. So it's all the same tree and they're not native and they're not used to the climate. And so they tend to die and end up emitting more carbon than they they'd absorbed. And you don't really hear the, you know, let's check out, let's check out those trees that we're supposed to really, really save everybody, you know, and make this company, you know, less evil. You don't hear those follow up stories. A political stunt more than an actual ecological thing. And people don't really listen to forestry people who talk about this. So it's definitely something I wanted to mention. Yeah, I've also heard of some test pilot runs to do data centers underwater. I think Microsoft was involved in one of those where so the cooling is done naturally by the ocean. And I could imagine this is not part of those tests, but I could imagine if they could figure out the, you know, the corrosiveness, keeping it from, you know, from degrading too much with saltwater, they could add wave generators to power the undersea containers. There's no end of potential solutions. But there isn't a solution, right? That's that's the problem yet. Yeah. And hey, even some places they don't have to move, the water's going to come to them pretty soon. But yeah, the solutions are like, well, we have some ideas, but it's expensive to enact. And this is all about money. So it's kind of hard to get there. Ideally, countries would regulate how their data centers and supercomputer centers have their energy with national legislation. But yeah, this is something that's kind of difficult to control. And if you want to feel a better about it, you can think about what kind of tech you buy and how frequently you buy tech. This is not a popular place to promote that. But if it makes you feel better than you can do that too. Yeah. And I'm not advocating against consumer action. But consumer action is always smaller than industrial action, 100% in everything. It doesn't mean you shouldn't try. But the bigger solution is going to come from figuring out renewable energy sources for these data centers, because the demand for the data centers isn't going to go away either. Forcing them to do it because some of them do it by themselves, but it's expensive. So yeah, or or I would advocate against forcing because I think when you force you just end up making people find clever ways to get around what you're forcing them to do.  And you know, raising power costs is going to be one way that will make these companies go like, you know what, solar powered or a wave generator that we run is a big deal. We're doing a good deed. And also our bottom line agrees. Yeah, yeah. Yeah. Well, if if you've ever thought, if only my ink tablet could also take photos, you might like this next product, the Books tab Ultra is an ink tablet from a company called Onyx. It's $600. You might say, wow, $600, but it has a 16 megapixel rear camera with a 10 point three inch paper link display. Company says it's a device for professional and business usage primarily. I mean, anybody could buy it. But with the rear camera, you could use it for scanning documents stuff that, you know, in a professional setting that actually might come in handy for a lot of folks. Another company called Big Me launched a similar tablet earlier this year. If you're saying, Well, hasn't this happened before? Yeah, yeah, this one launched on Indiegogo with a color E ink screen, hoping to start shipping next month. But back to the Books tab Ultra powered by a Qualcomm octa core CPU has a 6300 milliamp that battery, four gigs of RAM, 128 gigs of expandable storage, you know, decent tablet software based on Android 11 and it's designed to work, hopefully work better with its displays, more basic capabilities compared to either a standard LCD or an OLED panel. Yeah. So so these ink screens as replacements for paper make perfect sense. If you put a camera on them to scan in the paper so that you don't have to keep the paper. Yeah, I get that. Save a tree. See full circle. Yeah. Don't need to make copies. Just scan it in and then recycle $600. Yeah. Just got to make that first time for less than $600. I scan with my phone. I don't even use scanner anymore. I just did. There's so many good scanning even Dropbox has a good scanning app now. Yeah. So somebody was going back to Twitter for just a second. Somebody was talking about remember how awesome it was when the bank started to make it easy for you to scan a check. You know, if you get a paper check, you can just scan it and not go to a bank and I was like, when's the last time I got a paper check? I found out about that. In a while.  Yeah. You found out what? I found out about scanning checks this year. I never I didn't think you could do it. I thought you had to go to the banks. I have to do it. You're probably not a lot of people probably like, oh, I didn't know that either. It depends on your bank to help spending accounts. My wife gets a flex flexible spending thing and then they always give her checks instead of direct deposit for them that we then have to scan in. That's that's what I scan checks for. That's that's the one thing I can say. Yeah. Yeah. All right. Let's check out the mail bag. This one came in from Brian Hoffman over the weekend writing in with some very reasonable points about why it would be difficult, if not impossible for drone delivery to make any headway in dense urban areas. Brian says bird strikes, weather, air space restrictions, wind, power lines, traffic control, all factors here. Not hard to come up with dozens of reasons why it might not happen. Yeah, so I challenge Brian to steal man his own arguments. I'm like coming up with the impediments is the easy part. We could all do that come up with some ways to overcome them and he did. So thank you, Brian, for for taking me up on that. It was pretty awesome. Among his ideas for overcoming his up his own objections were sonic defenses to keep flight paths clear of birds. Just kind of, you know, some noise that keeps the birds from wanting to fly there improved sensors and guidance to help the drones make it through bad weather using secondary systems like cell towers and Wi Fi to help provide redundant location info if GPS is interrupted time slots for drones. I thought this was intriguing for restricted flight areas to say you're allowed to fly your drone through these areas in these times, better sensors to avoid power lines, neighborhood delivery stations to help overcome the logistics of like, well, how do I get the package in my apartment? You know, I'm up on the fifth floor or whatever and data sharing so that the drones know where each other are and don't run into them. The one thing we both had a hard time overcoming was lawyers. One drone crashes definitely still going to bring out the lawyers. So neither one of us could come up with something around that. But thank you, Brian, for engaging in that.  But how could it work? Let's let's go pass just the objection to like, okay, but how could we get past that objection? I'm visualizing blade runner with drones going around. It's very exciting. Yeah, yeah. Well, if you do have feedback on anything we talk about on the show, we do want to hear it. We listen and we read every bit of feedback. Feedback at daily technewshow.com is where to send your feedback. So thank you, Brian. Thanks to everybody who writes into us every day. And also thanks to Dr. Nikki Ackerman's spooky Nikki version for being with us today. Let folks know where they can keep up with your work. People can find me for now on Twitter at Ackerman's Nicole and my website, Nicole Ackerman's where I just posted a bunch of resources for academics. If you're an academic, it's under resources. Excellent. Thank you to you. And also thanks to a brand new boss that we have that new boss's name is Sean. Sean just started backing us on Patreon. Thank you, Sean. Good to have you along. Yeah, man. Sean understood that we are supported by people. We are we are an independent technology news source. We are we're not funded by some big company. What we're funded by is people like Sean. So thank you, Sean, for understanding that and finding some value of what we do. Really appreciate it. We sure do patrons. Stick around for our extended show. Good day. Internet. We roll right into it after DTS wraps up. But just a reminder, you can catch our show live Monday through Friday at 4 p.m. Eastern 20 100 UTC. Find out more at daily tech news show dot com slash live. Join us live if you can. We'll be back doing it all again tomorrow talking new EV safety designs for first responders and passengers with Tim Stevens. Talk to them. This show is part of the frog pants network. Get more at frog pants dot com. Diamond Club hopes you have enjoyed this program.


Hi everyone, I hope you're doing well. Welcome to today's anatomy and physiology lesson today We're gonna talk about the respiratory system And if you don't already know me, my name is Leah, and I'm your lee course instructor here at a CT So the respiratory system we all know that it helps us breathe and is very important for oxygen and So but the main functions of the respiratory system include of course the oxygen supplier like as we just mentioned and The job of the respiratory system is to keep the body constantly supplied with oxygen It also helps with elimination. So elimination specifically of carbon dioxide and the respiratory system functions With the help of gas exchange and the respiratory Systems organs facilitate that gas exchange that occurs between the blood and the external environment Also functions of the respiratory system include passageways, which passageways that allow air to actually reach the lungs and Also helps as a humidifier to help purify humidify and warm incoming air So components and the respiratory system include the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract The upper respiratory tract includes the nose the pharynx the larynx the organs of the upper respiratory tract are also located outside the chest cavity Conversely the lower respiratory tract these Organs are located inside the chest cavity and they include the trachea the lungs all segments of the bronchial tree including the avioli or Avilae I should say So the upper respiratory system we're just going to take a little bit of a closer look at at it here Includes the nasal cavity as we mentioned so inside the nose We all know there's a sticky mucosa Membrane lining that helps to trap dust particles dirt sometimes insects and And these tiny hairs called cilia then help to move them to the nose to be sneezed or blown out And then we have sinuses our sinus cavities our air filled spaces along the side of our nose That helped to make our skull lighter. Then we have the pharynx which both food and air passes through Um The pharynx before reaching their appropriate destinations, of course the food then passes to the esophagus and then into the stomach, but air goes from the pharynx down into The trachea on the lungs and then we have the larynx and this is um essential for human speech it helps us talk So, uh, the lower respiratory tract Um You can see a diagram of it here So some of these organs that we're going to talk about The trachea located just below the larynx And this is the main airway to the lungs Then of course we have the lungs and together the lungs form one of the body's largest organs And they're responsible for providing oxygen to capillaries and exhaling carbon dioxide With the bronchi and the bronchi branch from the trachea into um The trachea into each lung and they create a network of intricate passages that supply the lungs with air And then we of course have the diaphragm and the diaphragm is the main respiratory muscle That contracts and relaxes to allow air into our lungs So we're going to talk specifically about the lungs here right now just because the lungs are actually the center of the respiratory system um So as we've been discussing throughout the beginning of this Lesson that the lungs take in oxygen Which is obviously vital for the body's cells to live and carry out their normal functions The lungs also help to get rid of the carbon dioxide, which is a waste product of the cells The lungs are cone shaped as you can see here in this picture And they're made up of like a spongy pinkish gray tissue and they take up most of the space and the chest cavity The lungs are separated by The mediastinum an area that contains the heart and it's and the heart's large vessels The trachea the esophagus the thymus gland and also the lymph nodes so here's a diagram of Lung anatomy so of course we have the apex at the top of the lungs and this is just um The apex of the lung is actually just uh below the collateral bone As you can see right here You have the base of the lung Which is the bottom of the lung area and this is resting on the diaphragm the base of the lung The division so each lung is divided into lobes by fishers The left lung has two lobes and the right lung has three lobes so the left lung only has two lobes because It needs to make room for the heart Which is on the left side as well Then we have the bronchioles and this is the smallest of the conducting passageways And then we have The aviolye and these terminal the terminal bronchioles so the bronchioles lead to the respiratory what they call the respiratory zone Structures and then even smaller conduits that eventually terminate into The alveoli or air sacs So continuing on with the anatomy of the lungs So you have pleural fluid. So the pleural membranes produce a pleural fluid So it's like a slippery serious secretion that allows the lungs to glide easily over the thorax while during breathing movements So, you know, it just helps with that friction allowing the lungs to inhale and exhale Easily and it causes the two pleural layers to cling together. Then we have the pleural space In the pleural space, the lungs are held tightly to the thorax wall and the pleural space is more of Potential space than an actual one And then we have the pleura and this Plura is the surface of each lung is covered with a visceral Serosa called the pulmonary or visceral pleura and the walls of the thoracic cavity are lined with the parietal pleura So here is um a diagram here what I was just speaking about Earlier a few slides back called the respiratory zone. So as I mentioned it to you We have the bronchi that then We have bronchioles that branch off from the bronchi and at the end of each bronchi is this aviolar sac and this is where This this is the site of gas exchange and when I say gas exchange, I mean the exchange of Oxygen and carbon dioxide that's where this happens here in these aviolar sacs At the end of these bronchioles that are in the lung so Just a little bit of detail about respiration So the major function of the respiratory system as we've been talking about is to supply the body with Oxygen and disposed of carbon dioxide. So for this to occur four very distinct actions must Happen collectively known as respiration and these include first there's pulmonary ventilation. So air must move into and out of the lungs So gases and the air sacs That we just spoke about are continuously refreshed and this process is commonly known as breathing And then we have external respiration. So gas exchange between the pulmonary blood and the aviola Must take place Next we have respiratory gas transport. So oxygen and carbon dioxide must be transported to and from the lungs And the tissue cells of the body of the body via the bloodstream And then lastly we have the internal respiration So at um in systemic capillaries gas Exchanges must be made between the blood and the tissue cells So gas transport and exchange. So we touched on this two slides back in the respiratory zone This is just a little bit more detail about it. So of course, we have the aviola here again And this is just a diagram of actual gas exchange meaning the pickup of oxygen and the um The waste of carbon dioxide. So um an external respiration or pulmonary gas exchange involves the oxygen being loaded Here and the carbon carbon dioxide being unloaded here Internal respiration or systemic capillary gas exchange Get oxygen is then unloaded and carbon dioxide is loaded into the blood And then with gas transport Oxygen is transported into the blood in two ways first by attaching to Hemoglobin molecules molecules inside the red blood cells to formulate what's known as oxy hemoglobin Or a very small amount of oxygen is actually carried dissolved in our plasma of our blood And while carbon dioxide is transported in plasma as bicarbonate ion Or a smaller amount is carried inside red blood cells bound to the hemoglobin So mechanics of breathing seems very simple. We do it all day every day without even knowing it but um volume changes lead to pressure to pressure changes which lead to the flow of gases to equalize pressure So that's the rule the mechanics of breathing So with inspiration when you're taking a deep breath in air is flowing into the lungs Your chest is expanded the rib cage is elevated and the diaphragm is actually depressed and flattened Lungs are stretched to the larger thoracic volume while air flows into the lungs With expiration, of course When you're breathing out air is leaving the lungs The chest is depressed the rib cage is smaller and the diaphragm is now open or elevated Our lungs recoil to the smaller volume and air flows out of the lung Then there's something known as intra pulmonary volume and this is the actual volume That's left within the lungs We have intraplural pressure and this normal pressure within the plural space The intraplural pressure is always negative. So um, this is a major factor preventing um, our lungs from collapsing And then we have non respiratory air movement. So A result of like a reflex it a reflex activity such as hiccups or laughing crying yawning So it's important to understand respiratory volume and capacities when we talk about the respiratory system So something known as tidal volume um tidal volume is normal quiet breathing Which moves approximately 500 ml of air into and out of the lungs with each breath So that's tidal volume. Just normal quiet breathing Inspiratory reserve volume is the amount of air that can be taken enforceably over the tidal volume. So over what normal breathing is Which is normally between 2100 mls and 3200 mls Then we have that expiratory result reserve volume And this is the amounts of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a tidal expiration. So after a normal expiration the expiratory reserve volume Can force out approximately 1200 mls more Of air and then we have the residual volume So, um, there's always about 1200 mls of air that remain in the lungs. Um, and that cannot be voluntarily expelled So this is called residual volume and it is uh, it's important because it allows gas exchange to go on continuously Even between breaths and helps to keep the alveoli inflated And just continuing on with respiratory volume and capacities We have vital capacity And this is the total amount of exchangeable air that is typically around 40 100 mls and healthy young men and this respiratory capacity is incredibly important For a vital capacity, which is the sum of the tidal volume inspiratory resolve Reserve volume and the expiratory reserve volume We also have dead space volume So much of the air that enters the respiratory tract remains in the conducting zone Passagewaysion never actually reaches the alveoli So this is called the dead space volume enduring a normal tidal breath So again, normal tidal breath is just a normal inspiration So the air that enters the respiratory tract remains in the conducting zone Passagewaysion never actually reaches the alveoli Inspiration its amount is about 150 mls We have functional volume functional volume is The air that reaches the respiratory zone and contributes to gas exchange And then we have spirometer. So respiratory capacities are measured of course with with a spirometer We should all probably know that by now. So where and so when a person breathes The volume of air exhale can be read on this indicator which The indicator which is the spirometer which shows the changes in air volume inside the apparatus So a kind of short But very important anatomy lesson here about The respiratory system and the lungs especially Again, if you have any questions or concerns or you need any Being cleared up for you. You know that you can always email me Or you can set up a schedule office hours with me on my calendar Appointment book. So I will see you all again very soon. I hope you have a wonderful evening


As much as I wish I could say that I'm enjoying a nice vacation at the beach, I'm not. I'm here in Boston at MIT. So how did this little cardboard box make me feel like I'm miles away from where I actually am? How did it create virtual reality? Now if you open this little box up, it's pretty simple. There's a place to put your phone in and the rest of it looks like glasses with these two plastic lenses. Now it's this piece over here that's crucial to making me feel like I'm inside the video on my phone. It's what creates 3D vision. 3D vision is actually pretty simple. We have two eyes that's about three inches apart. And because of this separation, each of our eyes sees the world from a slightly different perspective. Our brain fuses those two views and creates a sense of depth.  Now try closing your right eye. Do you notice how your thumb jumps a little bit to the left or right when you switch between your eyes? Now bring your thumb a little bit closer to you and do the same thing. It seems to jump even more, right? Depending on how close or far you hold out your thumb, it'll jump more or less. Our brain gets a sense of how far an object is depending on how different it appears from the left versus the right eye. And that's 3D vision. Instead of one picture covering the whole screen, this video has two different images made for each eye that are ever so slightly offset. The cardboard box holds the image in the perfect distance to my eyes and divides the image into two so that each eye focuses on the image. This type of video, the stereoscopic display, simulates what our eyes do naturally and folds our brains into thinking that it's looking at a 3D image by creating a sense of depth. But the cardboard and the video do more than create 3D vision. When you move your head around, it actually reveals new areas of the video. The phone has a couple of sensors that measures position and angle, sort of like a GPS, so it can track how your head is moving. And as you move your head around, the image is on the screen adjusts so that you feel like you're not only looking at a video, but actually walking through it. Now, if virtual reality is as easy as sliding a phone into a cardboard box, why are we not all living in a virtual world today? There's a couple of reasons. First, reality is more than just what we see. If I really wanted to feel like I'm at a beach, what are some other elements that I would add in? The feeling of sand between your toes, the smell of salt water, the sound of wind, exactly. But these are things that are harder to make virtual than vision. Things like haptics, the science of touch, will help us to better understand our real senses in order to simulate them in virtual reality. By the way, simulating these other senses, like taste, smell or touch, will eventually help us to improve motion sickness, which a lot of people feel in virtual reality today. Also, to create a fully immersive environment, even if it's just visual, is a lot of work. It's way more than just filming a scene from two different perspectives to create redivision. You need to create or capture an entire three-dimensional world where you can walk around and move your head to see all the possible views. Several companies are developing special software and cameras, but it's still very expensive and time-consuming to do this at high quality. Virtual reality is really cool, but even if we can create a perfect virtual reality, we wouldn't want it to replace actual reality. We still like to experience some things in real life, like snow. And as a society, we're just beginning to think about the ethical and moral aspects of creating simulated realities. So virtual reality may look simple, but it's very complicated. The cool thing is that the better understanding we have of real reality, like how our senses work, the better virtual reality we'll get.


From all over the planet, ancient legends of a bipedal, ape-like creature, far larger yet apparently incredibly intelligent, have persisted into the modern day. Legends which arose worldwide. Creatures now witnessed by literally millions of souls, yet regardless of the literally global distribution of reports of these said animals, they have remained elusive to modern science. In all but a few, very interesting and curious cases, one of which being a most curious of discoveries made in 1951 on none other than the slopes of Mount Everest. Some argue that such a large creature, no matter the remoteness of its claimed habitat if in existence would have been captured and or exposed to the wider public by now. This, regardless of their possible intelligence, ability to see an infrared allowing them to dodge trail cams, and also that there are discoveries of new animals, including large mammals made almost weekly on our planet. It would seem, although modern technology has brought us together, giving the apparent impression that our planet be smaller than it is, in reality there are still vast stretches of terrain yet to be fully explored, and rarely, if ever, visited by man. Mysterious events have also occurred during the modern age, like that of the Dietlof Pass incident, or the Pangba Sheddy, which still reside within a monastery in Nepal, which all evade explanation without the existence of this creature. As mentioned in 1951, an incredible find was stumbled upon by none other than Eric Shipton, an incredibly trustworthy source and man of great integrity. Well, on the Menlung Glacier, on the west side of Mount Everest, while looking for an alternative route to the summit, Shipton came across a seemingly unending set of tracks recently left by a barefooted bipedal creature of massive proportions, so stunned was Shipton by this find. He carefully examined and photographed the best print, laying his ice axe beside it in an attempt to demonstrate its enormous size. According to National Geographic, quote, Shipton and Michael Ward were searching for an alternative Everest route when they came across the prints. Shipton was one of the most highly respected Everest explorers, so if he is bringing back a print, it is a real print. Nobody could ever question that. End quote. Thus, the question is, what could have made them? Could these be authentic, actual prints of a snow yeti or abominable snowman? A slightly different species of sasquatch? One adapted to colder, more mountainous environments?  Daniel Taylor, for example, author of Yeti, The Ecology of a Mystery, has been searching for signs of this particular abominable snowman within the high Himalayas since he was a child. With the worldbook encyclopedia even approaching Sir Edmund Hillary to pursue the find's origins, he was quoted as saying, we shouldn't just go Yeti searching, but should also study how people could live at such high altitudes. The publication was so convinced of their authenticity, as was Hillary himself, that they built a house at 19,000 feet and experimented on how humans acclimatized, with such efforts going into the find, one must wonder why the possibility of its existence, if you also take into account the Pengbosch remains, and also the Dyatlov Pass incident, why the possibility of their reality is so passionately dismissed as impossible by so many. The Shipton prints are a mystery which is undoubtedly incredibly compelling.


If you're doing another joke, I swear to God. No, no, no, it's not a joke, it's not a joke. There's just this, it's just funny. There's this long thread going on in this text message that is all of the kids, as well as my cousin Melissa and Andrani. It started off with Ashley asking everybody how they think. Do you think in sentences, do you think in partial sentences? And when you say something, does it come out in a full sentence in your brain? Began this whole thread that everyone was involved in and then at the very, very end, my wife finally said something. She said, I think in full sentences. What's annoying and tiring is that I think in three languages sometimes in full speed. Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha. Hey welcome back to our Stupid Rex, this is El Corbin. I'm Rick. You can follow us on Instagram, Twitter for more juicy content, thanks for following us to the channels, grab a little boat. Today we have another Asian Pains, Oh, Asian Pains, with a heart, we saw one with Radica. Yep. And now this is Zoya. Oh great. A little Zoya Haktar. Awesome. What, I think you were gone. We reacted to a teaser of hers. Said to be gone! Of Zoya's? Either series or film, from Archie. The Archie series. What? Yeah, they're doing. You must have done that with Stephanie. Yeah, I did. Cause she's actually read Archie. Cause I think, did you ever read Archie? No, I know of it, but it was a really, Steph actually read it. And so it was like this first look. Man, back in the day when the Sunday comics were a thing. Almost a year ago, I think it was back in May of last year. What happened to that? Wow. We haven't seen something. May of last year would have been post, post debong watch along when I was gone for about a month. That's probably why. Yeah, maybe. But yeah, the, what happened to it? We haven't seen something from her since Gully Boyz. She had the anthology that she had done that also Anya Ragh was involved in, right? Before that. That was before that. Well, she was part. There's, I feel like there was something else. No, this series made in heaven, but was that before or after Gully Boyz? I can't remember if it came out before or after Gully Boyz. Made in heaven? Made in heaven. That's so yeah. Well, we watched it after obviously. Yeah, but I don't know if it was before. I don't know. Anyways, let me know. But we enjoyed the Radhika Asian Panes. This was Anya Ragh in the Asian Panes. Thank you. Go watch that one to get that reference to what we are doing there. Asian Panes and you just have 15 famous Indian actors going, ah, ah, and it's over. Where the heart is, it's in your chest. I grew up with the same.  Me too. Farhan and me were both instilled with a big sense of history. At the same time, we were just allowed to explore the world. There's a beagle. Hi, I'm Zoe Akhtar. You're watching Asian Panes, Where the Heart Is. Welcome to my home. Oh, heart attack. If your pain is where the heart is. It's got a lot of history. I feel like all the rooms are walls resonant. It's seen some crazy times. It's been around with my parents in the 70s. I mean, it was a completely different world. Beautiful chair. And there were lots of artists here, people from the film industry. It's seen parties, poetry readings. It's seen musicians. It's been through a lot of things. So I can't say I built the sounds. It's a part of me and it's cosmetic and it's things like I travel a lot. So it's got stuff from all over wherever I go. It's got all things mixed with new things. It's my style, but the soul of the house, it's inherited. This is my living room. Wow. Oh, that's lovely. That piece of art. Dining area. So in my living room, this wall was like a... That's beautiful. The largest wall right now in this space. And I didn't want to put on it. Till it doesn't feel right, you don't want to put anything. So I leave my walls blank. Yeah. My walls are all white. I love all of this wood and elements and... An earth tone. If I want, I can change this room overnight. I love these chairs, actually. They are like these 1950s aviator chairs and they're like metal and leather and wood and they've got a bit of a bounce when you're on them. Yeah, they're nice. I think they break my room up, which is why I like them because it's quite formal and the seating is quite classic. So I think this just founts it up a bit. This is the guest room on the right. This is where... I love that chair. Nice chair. It doesn't have a seat view. Complete. I also love these doors with all the glass. I mean, it still is for us. Yeah. So when we were kids, it used to be spiral, actually. And we changed it like about 12 years ago, I think. Like, it took up a lot of space, this entire area. There was no space under it, so we got rid of it and then we made it wooden. Also, that staircase was not my favorite because I fell off it and cracked my nose. Oh, dear. I like natural elements. I like stone and like... Yes. I like it. I think there's a certain warmth that it brings. Yes. I like it. I'm not a fan of the cold, hard retro-y to live in. I can appreciate it, but not to live in. This is my comfort zone. Like, if you blind me right now and ask me where what is, and I know everything that's in this room. Everything. This table is just carved with one tree trunk. Oh, I want to touch it. And they've just carved it. It's got no hooks, no joints, nothing. More blue than it was. I mean, Gully Boy. Yep. This is not just my second one. But not a lot of blue in the house. This is the room where all of the writing happened. Was it? Yeah, it's a Gully Boy on the front page. This is the room where movie watching happens. Nice. OK, I'm going to show you something. She was watching Salam Bombay. At the risk of being called a hoarder.  I just can't. They're all my films. Lots. It's all my film collections. Mulan Marash. I will not. Lavayan Rose was in there. Lovely. That's beautiful, too. This is an Indian and an actual Star Wars fan? Study. This is where all the books are. This is where between you and the other writing happens. I have a lot of books. I follow a lot of photographers. I have a lot of cookbooks. I'm not crazy. I will not learn something. Spielberg. I don't like losing books. I don't care about clothes, really. So, I mean, if you take it and I don't get it, I'm fine. But I don't want to lose my books and I don't want to lose my films. So if you take my books and you don't. I would absolutely value those way more than clothing. Without question. For sure. I have many favorite things and they keep changing. Currently, there are these two images. This was like the first screening of a 3D movie. Yeah. The famous picture. Deborah. That's great. This is my room. And this is my center. I love all the windows. This is the city. I've got the sea right outside and it's bliss. I want to use my room only to sleep. I don't work here. I don't hang here. So this should be like my sleep sanctum. I've always had a globe or a map. I had this big dome when I was a kid that had a light in it. I think globes are cool. I just always feel like I can travel the world without leaving my room. It's lovely. I always decide where I want to go.  I love that the flowers are covering up America. You're just a speck, a dot, at the end of the day. I'm a big dot. We hang out every time there's a dinner party, a party, everyone ends up here. Lovely. So this is the part that I most jump to. Yes. This is the part that makes me feel really lucky to be in Mumbai and less than have a space outside. So I thank my parents every day for this. Yeah, lots of plants, birds, squirrels. Yes. She's the one in the family with the green thumb. It's nice to have a little patch of grass in the city. This house has always been an open house. Even when we grew up, it was an open house. Ouch, delicious. I think it will continue to be one. Nobody sees people that come in and out of people who love and trust, you know. And I like that. I think everyone in my house likes that. In a sense, to have a place where people we love can come anytime. She has such a... This is where the heart is one. Ooh, sorry. She has such a... And let's see how many I get. Oh, OK. What are the three colors that make your house? Brown, white, and retro-carni or latest music? Retro-carni. Hindi movies or world cinema? Well, I mean, this is both. Paintings or photographs? Both. Boogie or Zen? I mean, really? Both. This is like Sophie's Choice. Filmmaking or traveling? Both. Have you asked for me or something? It's like Sophie's Choice. Ray Kazma, the actress. Have I asked for anything? Blessings and beauty tips. Don't forget to like, share, and subscribe. I want to live in that neighborhood. Yeah. I want to live in that neighborhood. We want to come over. We want to meet. We want to say hi to Reika, too. Who? Your neighbors? Soya Akhtari and Reika? What? They could both have Asian pains together. Oh! I was going to say she carries herself. Was probably told, you know, when she was younger, that she's an old soul. She carries a real, she has a depth about her. Yeah. And what a beautiful home. I just, it's lovely. Yeah, it's absolutely beautiful. Love her. Always, we've loved, I'm pretty sure everything we've seen of hers we've loved. Yeah, she's a wonderful director. And writer, obviously. And one of the most important people for us in terms of, I mean, it was the first theatrical release we ever saw in theaters and the first trailer we ever saw that shattered the stereotype for us of Bollywood. It's because of Soya. And early on, after that, we saw Deborah. Yep. So she's very instrumental.  So she is, it's the Archie's film. Yeah, it's on there. But it's still post. I don't understand what's going on. The director, I'm looking for directing. Ghost stories was her last. Sky is pink. Oh, that's special thanks. OK. Thanks, director of Gully Boy. Lust stories. Yeah. Dilda Hock-Naddle, which I love. Bombay talkies we haven't seen yet. T'Lashu's a writer of Deborah. Luck by chance. Luck by chance. Which I believe was her. That was her first, that was her directorial debut. Her directorial debut. Yeah. She was first AD on L'Axe. First AD on Dil Chattahar. Uh-huh. Bombay, yeah. And she was Made in Heaven and was in 2019. Yeah. And that was after Gully Boy, and before. That house. Same year, same year. We, you know, and Drani and I, we love when watch pretty regularly the Housewives of Beverly Hills, those homes in there, we regularly, we can admire the architecture of them, but never in a million years would I want to live. The stone. In some of those fricking mansions, they just don't feel like homes.  Absolutely. Right? I would love to stay there. Who needs, I mean, that's, who would need, you don't need more than that right there. The only other thing I would want to add in that backyard space would be a nice in the corner wood jacuzzi. I love jacuzzi's. Love jacuzzi's. The only thing to recognize is the Archies. What is going on with that? Well, so strange. Made in Heaven supposed to come out this year though, isn't it? Didn't we see that? I thought we did early on when they were, when they were doing the projections for the year that we watched back in what, November, December? Mm-hmm. That was, that was part of the, part of the stuff. I mean, granted, it's just May now, so. I would love to talk to her. Oh my goodness. She's so influential and just one of our, and we know, we know that, I mean, she's aware of who we are. We know that by reason of just six degrees of separation between some people we know and have communicated with her, but we just haven't had, there's a lot of people you'd be probably surprised to know we have communication with, but it's been a couple years really. Schedules, everything else, it just takes a while for things to pan out. For people's, I mean, is it any wonder? There's people in all film industries that'll go 25 years and finally work with someone they wanted to work with. It's just, it's only so many hours of the day. Also, since we're in a different country. Right. Not easy. Be able to talk to a lot of people if we were in India. She's way up on the list of people we would love to, love to interview. We can get to those anthologies soon. Yeah. Maybe we can get to, I think it was Bombay Talkies first and then I think it was Lust Stories and then it was Ghost Stories. Maybe we can get to one soon, then another one and then get to Ghost Stories in October. Yeah. And if anybody knows what's going on with the Archies if you're involved with the production, let us know what's going on. Yeah. Super strange. Yeah. Anyways, let us know down below. Josh!


Hey what is up my name is Rubidium. Today we are looking at light beams. How to get them, how to create them, how to capture them on film. So people that watched this channel probably remember a couple of weeks ago I did a daytime interior setup where I had some kind of cool light beams going on. They weren't really as good as I wanted and it kind of drove me nuts when I was like playing around trying to create this really strong front of light beam. So a lot more research and a lot more testing on how to get the best light beams. There are three things to remember when getting a really strong light beam. The first is the beam has to be coming towards camera. It can't be facing away. There has to be atmosphere in the air. Light itself is invisible. It's only the things that the light is reflecting off whether that's haze or smoke or dust. The third thing is that light beams can only be seen in contrast to what's behind them.  You just won't see it.  The perfect example of light beams and the best way to remember it is in those old movies where you see a person sitting in a movie theater and you see the light beam from the projector going towards the screen. There's a reason that people are smoking in those cinemas. It's so that you can get a cool light beam from the projector to the screen. In this case, the light beam is coming towards camera. There's smoke in the room atmosphere and the movie theater is almost totally dark so you can see the separation of the beam. One issue I had recreating these was with the beam coming towards camera, you also get lens flare or the exposure of the light source itself. If you don't want the light source shooting into the lens, you have to flag off the light source or have it out of frame. But that can be tough because the strongest, most visible area of the light beam is the part that's coming straight out of the light. Because of the inverse square law, the light beam is really visible as it leaves the fresnel and gets less and less visible very quickly. So you either have to have a really, really strong light, a really, really dark area or a really, really atmosphere filled room. By using these three elements in tandem, you can create the light beams you want. When in doubt, you should start with the strongest light you have shooting it into the room that is dark as possible while you can still see what you're actually lighting. And then thirdly, have as much smoke or haze in the room as you can get away with before it starts to look ridiculous. Very quickly, people over haze sets and it looks like there's a fire going on. It takes a lot of skill and experience to use the right type of smoke and haze to be able to see light beams at atmosphere without overwhelming the audience. One thing I don't have that I would like is a hazer as opposed to a smoke machine. I have the smoke in the can and the sort of $40 hardware store smoke machine. Rosco makes a thing called a hazer. They're $1,500. Be really cool to rent one and actually see what we get. They show up on a lot of Shane Hurbert's videos. I think he owns one. He puts haze in almost every scene he does with really great effect. It really elevates the image. So that's my quick little tutorial on light beams and how to create them. Hopefully people out there have some added comments or questions about it. Subscribe if you want more of these videos and I will see you next time.


Communication at work. Communicate. When you communicate, you share information with others. You can communicate by writing or speaking. At work, it is important to communicate professionally. Telephone. A telephone is a device that people use to talk to each other. Phone conversations with co-workers and clients should always be professional. Email. Email is another word for electronic mail. Email allows people to send messages via the computer. People should not use their work email to send personal messages. Voice mail. Another word for telephone message is voicemail. A voicemail should include your name, a short message about what you are calling about, and your phone number. Message. A message can be written or spoken. We leave messages when someone is not available. A message to a co-worker will be more formal than a message to a friend. Unprofessional. Unprofessional means not professional. Yelling at a co-worker and being rude to a customer are examples of unprofessional behavior. Professional. To be professional means to act correctly in your workplace. People who are professional do not yell at co-workers and treat all customers with respect. Greeting. Shaking hands and introducing yourself are polite forms of a greeting. When you extend a greeting, you are saying hello or welcoming someone. Title. A title can be part of someone's name. Titles help to identify someone's profession. For example, the abbreviation DR is used before a doctor's last name. Subject. The subject line tells what an email message is about. When someone receives an email, the first things that they will see are the name of the sender and the subject. The end.


Good just buy that time. Oh Low profile under it. You don't have to be that low But if you were low to the ground Broly cannot touch you with that jab How's it going everybody? Dachodoy here with another round of Dragon Ball fighters ranked matches this time We have Broly up at point with our usual shell of Super Saiyan Goku and Yamcha and again We ran into another Broly player that's crazy That's two videos in a row where we start against the same person now now That's how you know this is finally gonna be a Broly video for the ages I'm waiting for that super. Oh Forgot how fast Broly snaps out of that stuff Cost me to the side, but that's just playing one all apart of the four-step process to get me in the corner Oh, I'll take this with you. I did that because I didn't know how many hits with the oh I let it go for two. Oh No, I was so confident that footstep was gonna hit. I Was so confident. Wow, it's actually crazy how confident I was versus how confident I was it when I saw that block pop up. I mean, I understand That sword range though. Hey, just doing it up slice me from across the map This dude is playing high tempo No, Goku, you're supposed to time that a little better.  All right, this time. We'll have to try to time it right. I could have gotten some extra hits in there, but No, don't just keep jumping There we go. He's really jumpy Yeah, he's gonna give us a free out right into Goku. I think Every time I get that wrong get off me though every time I get that wrong. No Oh At us it was us, but he back dashed. That's a good choice. I Always forget it doesn't bounce them up That is a unfortunate thing to learn on the job not gonna lie to you Block that What kind of trunk spin technique was that You have to put it into that real quick. That is crazy. All right, we're free to go Okay, thank you for waiting for me to recover because that could this is a happy birthday. Oh, that's why it oh My goodness happy birthday to you my sir. It has been an honor serving with you Okay, I might have thought you were gonna super dash might have been a hard read on my part I'm just so excited you invited me. No, not sparking level eat. Don't attack sparking forget it, dude I died six years ago. You're seeing is an apparition All trunks players go overhead remember that saying my friends Go Do we switch out though, I think I think we do I Try to random EX through it under I gotta I gotta let that go. Don't catch me Nice use of the assays very Very adapted to that. Wow. This is a closer game than I thought Goku did not heal as much He's look at that assist which nice Little cheap kill for me there, but the important part is now we don't have two characters I mean we do that's that's really good as well, but most importantly is that we have Chance to reset to neutral even if one of them die. I'm not having me. Yes, you did Doesn't get a level three. So it's not gonna kill He's actually getting rid of some of the bar in my panic I back dashed I tried to go down back, but I hit back twice Just like that. We're in a classic match All right, can I not be allowed on this planet anymore? Thank you for punching me where I belong this mountain This is truly where trash like be vlogs. Okay, let's clean up that act Let's clean up a lot of that first act And what else? What else did we mess up beyond belief? Um That's super thing really got me. There we go I'm the hitting them with the oldest tricks in the book Didn't hit. No the down heavy was correct. Just not in time or not at the right time. Oh Nice change. I think as as the Broly's we should know that we always want to throw those key blasts out Really? Goku didn't come out. There we go a little bit of damage not a lot At this point, we don't need a lot. We need consistency. Are we out? I could have had something right there Gotta had something sick going said. I'll just take this overhead. Not the worst doesn't reach from there. Yes It's a very low-reaching move I'm just happy it didn't reach when we get to tag out back into trunks. Let's go time for some Broly talk Talk to me Broly Talk to me Nice as zoner in the game Broly the legendary zoner. I don't know why they did it, but they did I Thought that beam would protect me actually evaporated just where I needed to not evaporate a level three No, it didn't connect. Oh god. All right. We're fine We're actually totally fine Don't ask me how because I have no clue, but we are fine. We're actually kicking it dude Totally fine. Good job Broly. Good job out there. And now we just have to take out this practically full health level three sparking We are in a clear G7 frames. Can we go away? I have an extra jump. I do all good. Now. Let's try some new Goku stuff New Goku stuff ladies and gents That's it up. Good. Just buy that time. Oh No profile under it. You don't have to be that low But if you were low to the ground Broly cannot touch you with that jab Crouched right under it. Yo, that was sick. Goku. That was beyond clutch He didn't get that many points back for it, but that's to be expected. We lose a lot more than we gain there understandable To the corner No, I had that if I didn't let him vanish Just dash it and do it I might have been a little anxious to get out a little too anxious to get out Mine my manners, but this dude is doing damage Wow, we're dead. Wow That was a lot of damage Mike yeah, somebody take me back together again. All right, just just please ignore me. That was crazy I think I hit why once many times They vanish beat superdash. That's every day of the week. That's no questions asked and Superdash loses to 2h. I believe y'all we've all caught up on our 101 lessons. Have you don't mind me? I'm going to question my entire existence Turn I threw it baby super Our cancel is fully invulnerable We're just learning a lot today while getting snatched out Not the double grab. I wasn't prepared for it. I thought he just put on the pressure It's a good rate.  I can't believe I didn't tech that It's tech or be killed out on these mean streets Okay, that was a good time to guard cancel. Oh No way jump over his head back dash to keep it in check. I like that I'm down heavy. I got to do it twice just to ensure that I don't have to spend any bar No bar spent we get a knockout. Okay. I'm already thinking for the long game, dude I have to think what am I gonna do on the last character? So that means saving spark.  I was I was that was my whole dream right there. I needed you in this corner. Okay, good That's the second step of the three-step plan Third step is to win from the rest of the game out Always do it twice just to maximize the time God, it sucks that we don't have as we have no bar You let him get away I find a time to spark Any lower and the spark would be useless In fact, we're already pushing pretty useless We lost. Oh Look at how he can keep me at bay Good.  He vanished.  Okay He has the better neutral edit actually, you know, yeah, I'm sure it was pretty good Full screen super dash It's a little obvious, but I'm glad he didn't catch me. There we go Wrap it up. That was clear. That was crazy. I was saving that super dash I wanted to see a little bit of movement. I wanted to see some commitment in his eyes That's what I was looking for. I wanted to make sure he wasn't looking for the down heavy Okay, now that that stage is out of the way though You got to get him to the corner darn No, don't punish me. Oh, thank you trunks Every time he down takes I shouldn't jump. Okay. Don't jump anymore. That's another lesson We have to let I get caught by that so often trying to jump to catch their uptake, but they up tech but they just down tech um overhead, ooh That lag had did not help me block that actually that was all reaction Get off the boy. You got to stop throwing out unrepectable moves No I should play it. I feel like if I played dragon ball fighters the way I play with one character left I'll be a lot better of a player. There we go Nice guard cancel if he doesn't reflect the guard cancels once again Nice Okay, Broly now you're doing the things I want you to do now that we have the stagger down We don't want to throw out any moves that he gets free access out of That we don't want to over commit It's too easy to blow up any of that stuff And right now our game plan is to just make sure that he has to learn to block You just want full blocking out of him. We want full commitment. Nice.  That's why I took a different combo route We needed burst damage burst damage is what we got. All right, Broly I don't know if it want to play from afar or just go in instantly Let's try playing both sides of the aisle here On him to move here not us and we just go in In my head I was thinking I'll fake a yamcha assist and then I'll use it for real But by then it was already too late for a young boy named me and It's a big damage. We might even be worse sparking to save Goku We couldn't doubt heavy in time regretting my use of sparking immediately Reading a lot. There we go. We're in. That's right. Open up open up Again, he's trying to jump away reflect guard cancel something like that if I would have Oh, if I could if I could have caught him with the bet One two three M or whatever No, the dash forward actually caught me. I should have mashed buttons I should have known he's trying to go on the offensive here is trying to take a lot of a lot of steam away from my side The fair it's working out great. Yep. Yep. I knew it would get him to Super Dash So sick. All right, we're gonna take it here three one. No three two. I Can't remember it's something like that regardless. We come away a little I think a little lower on points than we came in but We'll have to take what we can get dude. My Broly's still not that sick I'm enjoying the character so much though in case you haven't realized I've been trying out some different point characters just you know messing around seeing what I want to get serious with I might end up going back to Krillin honestly. Come on. We all know that's Krillin. Thank you so much for my opponent for the game Thank you guys so much for watching. If you have a favorite moment, go ahead and let me know down below Hopefully it was that yoncha come back and that though while you're down there Make sure to leave a like and subscribe to the channel It helps the channel out immensely and I greatly appreciate the support And hey, I got some more videos up on your screen that you can feel free to check out if any of them catch your eye Other than that, I'm Dr. Doya and I will see you in the next video. Oh, no. Hey. Oh, there we go.  I accepted the green. Hey, that's the man. I accepted bro nice Oh