Hello, and thank you for tuning in to Town Meeting TV's ongoing coverage of Town Meeting Day 2024. My name is Bobby Lucier. This is one in a series of forums that Town Meeting TV hosts in advance of Town Meeting Day, which this year is on Tuesday, March 5th, which features municipal officials explaining what you will see on your ballot as well as candidates running for local office. In tonight's program, we're diving into the proposed budget and ballot questions for the City of South Burlington. And we're joined by Jesse Baker, South Burlington City Manager, as well as Tom DiPietro, who is the Director of Public Works. Thank you both so much for joining us. Thanks for having us. Awesome. So, before we get started, just a reminder that you can call in if you're tuning in live. We welcome your questions anytime at<PHONE_NUMBER>. You can give us a call and we will hear your question live on the air. So, with that, I will hand it over to you guys and you can pull up your slides here and share what South Burlington residents should see on their ballots. Great. Well, thanks very much for having us here tonight. It's a great opportunity to talk to the community and have them understand what they'll see on the ballot. We have the privilege of being here to share this information, but this is really the product of many, many hours of work by our leadership team and our city council to consider the budget. They've been talking about for the last two months and unanimously supported moving this budget forward to town meeting day. So, I'm going to spend some time talking about our FY25 budget that will be on the ballot. Tom's also going to share with you some details on an upcoming bond vote, as well as a charter change, and we'll end with who's on the ballot that's here in South Burlington. So, to begin with, for the FY25 budget, this is the citywide budget. Our citywide budget is about $65 million. Of that, only $35 million is the general fund, which is what people usually think of in terms of what's raised by property taxes, core municipal services, et cetera. And of that, those funds, only $21 million is raised by property taxes in South Burlington. So, this budget, this year's budget is brought forward to the voters, really tries to achieve three main goals. One, the council wanted us to maintain our core services, maintain public safety, public infrastructure, recreation, library programming, et cetera. So with this budget, we're investing in public safety. We're implementing our second ambulance. We currently have one ambulance operating in the city. We're going up to two this year, as well as adds a highway position to Tom's team. It increases funding for sidewalk maintenance, adds a part-time librarian. It increases funding for our affordable housing trust fund, as we really try and be a partner in the region to solving the housing crisis. We also wanted to continue our investments in school safety. The schools are incredibly important in our community, and we wanted to make sure that our children and families always felt safe at school, getting to school, and on school campuses. So with this budget, we're reinstating South Burlington Police Department youth sergeant, youth services sergeant. That officer will work very closely with Officer Bre, who's our very popular school resource officer in South Burlington. It also includes funding to fund half of the cost of crossing guards at our schools. The other half will sit on the school budget. And it proactively puts some funds into our capital plan for work Tom and his team are doing on Dorset Street around our middle school and high school campus. And then finally, this budget takes the first financial steps to implementing our climate action plan. So the council adopted our climate action plan last year. And with this budget, we're investing $190,000 of general fund dollars into staffing and consultants to really roll out that plan, as well as $417,000 of ARPA funds to make capital improvements in the city. So all of that with our budget assumptions, which include our grand list growth assumptions, our local options tax assumptions, and then expenditure assumptions around cost of living increases, the new child care payroll tax, which adds about $50,000 to our budget, as well as health care increases, results in a 5.82% increase in our tax rate. So that's what the voters will consider. It's about 2.9 pennies on the tax rate. We always like to share what impact that will have on our property tax payers, because of course, affordability is also a real concern while we're maintaining core services. So for the average condo owner in South Burlington, that results in $85 for the year, if adopted. For the average homeowner, that's about $125 for the year. We also, part of this budget, of course, is our utilities, our water system, sewer system, stormwater system. Those rates are going up primarily based on staffing and benefit costs and needed capital costs. And the average rate increase for those combined is about $64 for the year. And then always like to talk about just where those dollars go across what services. So as you can see, primarily we're funding public safety and public infrastructure. Administration includes community development, HR, IT, finance, legal, all of those backbone organizations that support all of the services in the city, as well as the city clerk's office. That's our FY25 budget. And with that, I'll turn it over to Tom. We do have a bond vote on the ballot this year. And Tom can walk us through that project. Thank you, Jesse. So yeah, South Burlington voters will see a bond vote related to construction of a new water tank on Dorset Street. We also refer to it as the East Tank. So right now, or the proposed tank is going to be very similar, look exactly the same as the existing tank. It will be a 2.1 million gallon welded steel tank by Nicholas Circle. And it will be painted the same way and everything like that. So on the slide, you can kind of see a rendering of it. Very quickly, our system overview, I always think it's important to have folks understand where our water comes from. So our source of water is Lake Champlain, specifically Shelburne Bay. The Champlain Water District is located in South Burlington. And they pull water from the bay, treat it, and pump it to a couple of different locations around the city where our storage tanks are. And from there, it flows through pipes that are owned by the city, part of our distribution system, to everybody's home and business. So a little bit more about the project. So in South Burlington, we have two service areas. The high service area, which is east of Spear Street, generally speaking, and the main service area, which is west, serves kind of the Route 7 corridor through South Burlington. And so the Dorset Street tank, or the East Tank, will serve the high service area. A couple of the project benefits I wanted to highlight, with construction of this tank, we will have enough water for the foreseeable future. So we're estimating 50 or more years. So that's great for the city. We won't see another bond vote for additional storage for quite some time. It allows us to meet regulatory requirements. And I have a little bit more information on the next slide about when we have to provide more storage within our system. But that requirement is up and met. So that's why we're moving this forward at this time. And it provides more water in the event of an emergency. So whether a pump were to fail and CWD, for whatever reason, might not be able to get water up to our tanks, will have more water available for the community while they work to resolve that issue, and provides more water for firefighting activities. Also has a benefit here with the two tanks next to each other. We are much more easily able to do maintenance on the existing tank. So if there's maintenance of interior components, we can take one tank down, do that work, put it back online. So that's great for our operational staff. I just wanted to note from a pressure perspective, the tank will not increase pressure throughout the city. It will allow us some operational flexibility so we can maintain water higher in the tank. But it's not going to increase pressure to areas where we didn't previously have water pressure throughout the city. And this is the slide I referenced previously. So this is pie chart showing sort of where the water in the tank goes or is utilized. So the big blue portion of the pie chart, that is the water that we use on an average daily basis. The 500,000 gallons in the yellow portion, that's what's allocated. So allocated means somebody has put in a permit to the city. They're going to need water to build a new home or a business. We figure out how much water that's likely to need, and we allocate that out so we sort of reserve it for them. There is a small allocation within this tower for the town of Shelburne.  We have to set some gallons aside for fire flow. Because we get water from the Champlain Water District, we actually get a pretty good, I'll call it reduction or discount to the amount of water we have to store for fire flow capacity. And then you can see there the 42,000 gallons of excess storage. So we've used about 98% or allocated out 98% of the water in the tower. And state regulations require that when we reach 90%, we start planning and then construct additional storage. So this is probably a little blurry on your screen. But this is kind of an engineering plan view. And again, it's the new tank, very similar or the same as the existing tank. It's going to be right next to the existing tank. And it'll provide a total of 4.2 million gallons of storage on that site for the high service area. Total project costs. So all in, this project is about $5,750,000. $4.3 million of that is in construction costs. So that's really the large portion of this. I'll note that we have already received a half million dollars in grant funding from the Community Recovery and Revitalization Program. So that's great. We love to have that kind of support. And I'll also note that our project was recently, we applied and we're recently ranked number one in the region for a regional priority list for economic development. So that's great. So we're hoping that that ranking will allow us in the near future to apply and be successful obtaining additional grants to help further reduce the burden on our rate payers. And if you go to the next slide, it shows that. So again, using current rates, about a 30-year term and a 4.5% interest rate, our annual loan payment would be about $350,000 on this. So that would increase our water rate by about $4.80 per 1,000 cubic feet of water. And that would result in an annual increase of about $38.66 for the average residential user. I do want to note I'm presenting here kind of the worst case scenario. So I haven't even backed out that half million dollars in grant money that we already have or maybe prospective grants. This is kind of the worst case scenario. I wanted to show folks this evening. I always think it's important, too, talking about rate increases. Just want to remind folks, we have some of the lowest or if not the lowest water rates in the region and maybe the state. So you can see South Burlington on the left here. So even with these rate increases, we will be on the lower end if not the lowest. And a couple of words about the project schedule. So we've been working on this for a while now. Currently, we're doing final engineering in permitting. And we hope to have a positive bond vote, which would allow us to kind of move this forward and put it out to bid this summer. And we could begin construction this fall. We may decide to delay that slightly for reasons related to the timing of payments on a loan as things come up. But again, this represents the most aggressive schedule where construction might start as soon as this fall, assuming a positive bond vote. And my last slide here is just an example of the ballot language. It's always ballot language, so it's a little bit long. But it's pretty straightforward, yes or no question. And in this case, if voters approve the funding to construct the town. And then we have one other critical ballot item on the ballot this year. And that is a potential charter change. So about 18 months ago, two years ago, our charter committee was convened to look at governance models in South Burlington. As the second largest city in the state, we have five city counselors who all run at large, five school board members who all run at large. And we want to have a community conversation about, was that the right model for us? So the charter committee spent many months doing a lot of public engagement and feedback to have conversations in the community about those governance models and came to the recommendation to consider expanding the school board and the city council. The city council has had a discussion at their table about moving forward those recommendations and with the unanimous support of the school board are moving forward a charter change proposal to the voters to consider expanding the school board. So that would include adding a new three-year term and a new two-year term for a total of seven members. Four of them would have three-year terms, three of them would have two-year terms, but all elected at large from our community to represent the school district as a whole. So this will be on the ballot on town meeting day. As folks likely know, charter changes also require legislative approval. So if the voters decide that this is how we want to govern ourselves, then we'll go to the legislature for consideration and then to the governor. So to be in effect in 25 or 26, depending on the biennium. And as Tom was mentioning, we love complicated ballot language. So this is how this will appear on the ballot. We need to show what is changing in the charter and what is being added. So these words all say that we are adding two school board members to the school board if the voters so choose. And then finally, we have a number of great candidates running for office in South Burlington. So we have three folks running for school board for three terms that are up, and you can see them listed there. And then for our city council, we have a three-year term, a two-year term and a one-year term. Each of those will currently be vacant. The incumbents are not running. So we have two candidates for the three-year term, three candidates for the two-year term and one candidate for the one-year term. So that is our town meeting day ballot. Awesome. Yeah. Thank you all so much. I wanted to just return back to the city budget for a second. So could you just share a little bit of context for that budget increase, the tax increase, is that compared to the last couple of years, is that larger or smaller than what we've seen than what South Burlington residents have seen in prior years? Yeah, that's a great question. So it is larger than the historic average over the last decade. It is lower than last year's increase. What we're experiencing is during the peak COVID years when there were so much fiscal uncertainty for our neighbors and for our government operations, the council really wanted to hold as a less than 1% tax rate increase. So we were able to do that, but honestly, we did that through holding some staff positions vacant. So as the finances are returning, as expectations for our community are returning, we're reinstating those positions. Example the youth sergeant position and that's really kind of climbing out of that very low tax rate increase here. We're climbing out of that with this tax rate. Additionally, we're funding new things. So funding specifically the implementation of the city's climate action plan. That has been a huge community value of our community for several years with the adoption of not only the climate action plan, but just on Monday night, the council adopted our city plan 2024, which is our master plan for the next eight years, really centering our work to address the impacts of climate change in South Burlington. Great. And I'm not sure if either of you can speak to this, but in terms of the, were there public hearings about this budget? Could you characterize any of the, like what was the input, if there was any from the public or on the proposed budget, was any of that incorporated or what did public input look like on this budget so far? Yeah, we had a fair amount of engagement this year with the budget public hearings and just council discussions of the budget as well. I should note that when the leadership team first presented the budget to the council in early December, we presented an operations budget to maintain core operations and a policy budget to implement the climate action plan and other policy decisions the council had previously made. That original budget contemplated over an 8% increase in the tax rate. So as the council discussed the budget, heard from the community about their values, what they really heard was a strong commitment to maintaining core services, making sure our infrastructure was well maintained, making sure our public safety services were well funded, but there was some concern about affordability. So as you saw in the presentation, the council decided to use some of our ARPA money for those one-time capital costs associated with the climate action plan and take that off the backs of the property taxpayers. So lower that increase from over 8% down to 5% in order to be responsive to the affordability concerns of our community. Great, awesome. Anything else that you either of you would like to add about, or I mean, if nothing else, maybe just how South Burlington residents can vote? Sure, happy to answer that. I will do one quick pledge if you don't mind. So we have, as you probably know, we have a growing downtown, our city has contemplated having a city center for decades. It is coming to fruition. Market Street and Garden Street look completely different than they did four or five years ago. Last year we had our Illuminate Vermont event, a big street festival in December. We are doing that again this year in time for the eclipse. So Illuminate Vermont will be the weekend before the eclipse. We anticipate lots of visitors into our region. Our neighbors looking for opportunities to come out, connect with one another, enjoy each other, enjoy a street festival. So mark your calendars for April 5th and 6th on Market Street in South Burlington. We'll have food trucks and artists, vendors, and opportunities to hear music and just connect with one another. So it's gonna be a great time in South Burlington. But before that, on Town Meeting Day, folks can certainly vote on Town Meeting Day seven to seven at your district voting place. That's either at City Hall or at one of the elementary schools where folks can go on to SouthBurlingtonVT.gov to figure out where they specifically vote. They can also vote early. Ballots will be available starting right after Valentine's Day. You can come into City Hall at 180 Market Street, go to the clerk's office during regular hours of operation, eight to 4.30, and vote early as well. Or call the city clerk's office and she will be happy to send you a ballot. Awesome. Thank you guys so much. Thank you so much. Jesse Baker, Tom DiPietro. Thank you for coming to our studios here and sharing what will be on the ballot in SouthBurlington. And thank you for tuning in to Town Meeting TV's ongoing coverage of Town Meeting Day 2024. You can find this forum and many others that we will be hosting in the coming weeks on cctv.org slash 2024. And you can also find them on our Town Meeting TV YouTube channel. Thanks so much, so long.


The purpose of this video is to acquaint you, the viewer, with the techniques of hormone-induced spawning of fish. We recommend that references available from the Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, the University of Florida's Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, as well as other agencies, should be studied for the requirements for each species of fish. The video presents a considerable amount of information, too much to be assimilated in one viewing. We suggest that you view it several times, using the pause and review options of your VCR for maximum benefit. Hormone-induced spawning of fish. Hormone-induced spawning can be used for large sport fish as well as tiny ornamental aquarium fish. Spawning manuals are available for many types of fish. However, the procedures for mixing hormones, sampling the ovaries, determining the stage of maturity of the eggs, injecting the fish, and taking the spawn by hand stripping or tank spawning are similar for widely differing species. Hormone-induced spawning has been successful for the entire range of fish from the primitive paddle fish and sturgeon to carp, striped bass, mullet, snook, and red drum. Techniques used on one species of fish can be adapted with only minor modifications to other species. Many desirable species of fish spawn in tidal estuaries and large rivers. These spawning environments are nearly impossible to simulate in a hatchery. Hormone-induced spawning is the only alternative for successful hatchery breeding of these fish. First, let's look at a simplified explanation of the fish's internal control mechanism that triggers spawning. The brain receives and processes information such as water quality, light, and temperature. Those factors that are important for reproduction stimulate the brain to produce a releasing hormone that causes the pituitary, a small gland located beneath the brain, to produce sex hormones. These sex hormones act on the ovaries, causing them to develop and release mature eggs. Cart pituitary is the most common hormone used for induced spawning. It has been shown to be effective on a wide variety of fish species and is readily available from commercial suppliers. A mortar and pestle or hand tissue grinder is used to pulverize the pituitary material. Bacteriostatic water should be used when mixing cart pituitary to minimize bacterial contamination. The liquid is added a little at a time, mixing thoroughly to produce a uniform suspension. The hormone requires 20 to 30 minutes to go into solution. Cart pituitary also contains the pituitary tissue as well as other hormones not directly involved in reproduction. The tissue residue should be allowed to settle to the bottom of the vials. Only the liquid above the tissue residue is injected. Cart pituitary is injected at a dosage of 2 to 8 milligrams of dried powder for each kilogram of fish body weight. Purified hormones are frequently used for induced spawning. The most common of these is human chorionic gonadotropin, or more simply HCG. HCG is measured in international units. Injections of 165 to 600 international units per kilogram of fish body weight are usually recommended. HCG has been used in combination with cart pituitary for grass carp and the red-tailed black shark, a popular aquarium fish. The combination has been shown to have greater potency than either preparation used alone. Lutinizing hormone-releasing hormone, or LHRH, is produced by the brain. It stimulates the pituitary to produce and release sex hormones. Synthetic analogs of LHRH, referred to as LHRHA, have been manufactured commercially. These synthetic analogs are not derived from animals but are produced in a laboratory. In addition, modifications have been made in the protein chain. As a result, these hormones are more potent than the fish's own releasing hormone. LHRHA is injected at 5 to 10 micrograms for each kilogram of fish body weight. A microgram is one one-thousandth of a milligram. Dopamine is also produced by the brain and it controls the release of sex hormones from the pituitary. Unlike LHRH, dopamine inhibits the release of hormones from the pituitary. There is a family of drugs that act as dopamine blockers, either by preventing the release or by inhibiting the absorption of dopamine. Some fish, such as the red-tailed black shark, do not respond to injections of LHRHA alone. The use of dopamine blockers, such as reserpene and haloperidol, greatly increase the effectiveness of LHRHA for difficult to spawn species. The recommended dosage for reserpene is 10 to 50 milligrams per kilogram of fish body weight. Haloperidol is injected at one-tenth to one milligram per kilogram of fish body weight. Hormones, such as HCG and cartpituitary, bypass the brain pituitary link, acting directly on the ovaries. LHRHA, on the other hand, stimulates the fish's own pituitary to produce and release sex hormones needed for spawning. However, if the fish's brain perceives that conditions are not optimum for spawning, dopamine is produced. This inhibits the release of sex hormones from the pituitary. Dopamine blockers, such as reserpene and haloperidol, prevent this negative feedback. Enhancing the Infectiveness of LHRHA. The volume of the injection is measured in cubic centimeters, commonly referred to as CCs.  To calculate the concentration of hormone to be mixed with a vial of sterile water, the recommended dosage, multiplied by the approximate weight of the brewed fish, is divided by the desired volume of the injection. For example, if the dosage is 4 milligrams per kilogram, the fish weigh approximately 10 kilograms, the desired volume of injection is 1.5 cc, and the volume of a vial of sterile water is 10 cc, then the concentration of hormone is equal to 4 milligrams per kilogram, multiplied by 10 kilograms, divided by 1.5 cc, in this case, 30 milligrams per cc. The quantity of hormone to be mixed with the vial of bacteriostatic water is calculated by multiplying the hormone concentration, 30 milligrams per cc, by the volume of the vial, 10 cc. 300 milligrams of hormone are then weighed and mixed in a 10 cc vial of water. HCG and LHRHA come in a predetermined quantity in a sterile vial. The volume of sterile water that must be added to the vial must be calculated to obtain the desired concentration of hormone. For example, if you have a 5 milligram vial of LHRHA, the recommended dosage is 10 micrograms per kilogram, the fish weigh approximately 50 grams, and the desired volume of injection is 1 tenth of a cc, then the desired concentration of hormone is equal to 10 micrograms per kilogram, multiplied by 50 grams, or 0.05 kilograms, divided by 0.1 cc, in this case, 5 micrograms per cc. The volume of water that must be mixed with the vial to get the desired concentration is equal to the quantity of hormone in the vial, divided by the desired concentration. This equals 1,000 cc. Rather than mixing such a large volume of hormone, three dilutions are made. This can be accomplished by first drawing the sterile water from a 10 cc vial and mixing the contents with the vial of LHRHA. 9 cc's of this mixture are then placed in sterile 1 cc vials and labeled 500 micrograms per cc, or 0.5 milligrams per cc. The remaining cc of LHRHA is mixed with 9 cc's of sterile water. 9 cc's of this mixture are then placed in sterile 1 cc vials and labeled 50 micrograms per cc, or 0.05 milligrams per cc. Once again, the remaining cc of LHRHA is mixed with 9 cc's of sterile water. 10 cc's of this mixture are then placed in sterile 1 cc vials and labeled 5 micrograms per cc, or 0.005 milligrams per cc. All hormone preparations must be properly labeled and stored in the freezer so that only the required amount need be defrosted, saving the potency of the remaining vials. Using sterile procedures, hormones can be stored in a freezer for several years without loss of potency. The following items are needed to sample the eggs in the ovary to determine if the brewed fish are ready to spawn. Sampling the ovary is the only method presently available to accurately determine the stage of maturity. The eggs must be in the final stages of development before hormone spawning can be successful. Before sampling, the fish are quieted with an anesthetic. Brewed fish must be handled carefully to minimize physical injury and stress. The importance of this point cannot be overemphasized. Cumulative physical stress to the fish can have a greater detrimental effect on spawning success than almost any other factor. MS triple 2 is presently the only anesthetic approved for food fish. The external appearance of the female, such as plumpness of the abdomen and redness of the vent, has long been used to evaluate maturity. However, these characteristics are extremely subjective and can be misleading. The ovaries of most fish can be sampled with either a rigid or flexible tube of appropriate diameter. The tube is inserted through the genital opening into the ovary. A small amount of section may be applied, if necessary, to draw a small number of eggs into the tube. The diameter and color of the egg is a good indicator of development. The primitive egg cells are very small, hardly larger than other cells in the fish. In many species, they are nearly clear. With the onset of yolk formation, the primitive egg cells become eggs. During this stage, the eggs enlarge substantially and yolk material is deposited, causing the eggs to appear opaque. The color varies with the species of fish. At the completion of yolk formation, the eggs are considered ripe. However, additional development is necessary before they can be fertilized. As development continues towards ovulation, the nucleus moves from the center of the egg to one end. Observing the position of the nucleus is an excellent method of determining egg development. The eggs may be cleared by placing them in a solution of 60% ethanol, 30% formalin, and 10% glacial acetic acid by volume. For many species, the nucleus can be observed with a microscope by simply placing a cover slip over the eggs on a glass slide. The nucleus appears as a translucent circle in the egg. Immature eggs appear smaller and are nearly clear as compared to ripe eggs. In addition, the nucleus is located in the center of the egg. As the egg matures, the nucleus moves from the center to the edge of the egg. This signifies that the eggs are sufficiently advanced so that hormone-induced spawning can be successful. Eggs that have begun to break down in the ovary appear whitish in color. In addition, the egg contents are irregular in composition and appear to have pulled away from the shell. To minimize stress, it is preferable to estimate the weight of the brewed females rather than inflicting damage to the fish by weighing them in a bag from a hanging scale or laying them on a platform scale. To determine the volume of hormone to be injected, check the literature for the recommended dosage for the fish species. The total volume of hormone to be injected can be calculated by multiplying the recommended dosage by the weight of the fish and then dividing by the concentration of the hormone mixture prepared earlier. For example, if the dosage is 4 mg per kg, the fish weighs 6 kg, and the concentration of hormone is 30 mg per cc, the fish is injected with 8 tenths of a cc. The number of injections is dependent on the response of each species to the selected hormone. Some species ovulate following a single injection of the total dosage. However, multiple injections are usually more successful. A priming dose of 10 to 20% of the total dosage is administered to advance egg development, and the resolving dose stimulates ovulation. Males are usually given only a single injection. Injections should be scheduled so that the time of induced ovulation coincides with the fish's natural spawning period. Hormones are usually injected intramuscular rather than intraparitoneal because it results in a more constant delivery of hormone and there is less chance of injuring the fish. The preferred site for an intramuscular injection is into the thick muscle of the back. The needle is inserted directly behind the dorsal or back fin where there are no scales. When injecting the fish, every effort must be made to minimize stress. Fish may be quieted with an anesthetic such as MS triple 2. Do not remove large fish from the water when giving injections. The tank spawning method is the simplest way to obtain the spawn from fish that have non-sticky, floating or semi-boyant eggs. A round tank is advantageous for spawning riverine and estuarine fish because the circular flow simulates the current in which these fish naturally spawn. The drain water from the tank empties into a screened container. Brood fish of both sexes are placed into the spawning tank. The female ovulates when she is physiologically ready. The males stimulate the female to release the eggs in the water and fertilize the spawn. The non-adhesive eggs are carried with the water flow from the spawning tank and collected in a screened container. The eggs are then transferred to an incubator. The advantages of tank spawning are that it is unnecessary to predict the exact time of ovulation so over-ripening of eggs in the ovary is not a problem. There is less potential of injury to the brood fish and less labor is required. The disadvantage is that tank spawning cannot be used for fish with sticky eggs or when special treatment of the eggs is necessary for induction of polypoiety. Tank spawning is especially useful for large, delicate sport fish. The most common method used for taking the spawn is hand stripping and dry fertilization. Prior to the earliest anticipated time of spawning, the female fish are captured and checked to verify ovulation. Gentle finger pressure is applied to the abdomen starting at the pectoral fins and slowly moving toward the vent. Do not try to squeeze or force the eggs from the fish. This will only injure the female. Frequent or rough handling of female brood fish retards ovulation, reduces success and increases fish mortality. When eggs flow freely from the vent, the fish is dried with the towel and gentle pressure is applied to strip the eggs into a dry bowl. It is important to ensure that no water comes in contact with the eggs until after the milk is added and mixed. Water activates the sperm and causes the micropile of the egg, the opening through which the sperm enters the egg, to close. Knowledge of the anticipated time of ovulation is of utmost importance if you intend to hand strip the fish. The time between injection and ovulation is controlled by the species of fish, the water temperature, the hormone used, and the stage of development. During ovulation, the blood connection between the female fish and the eggs in the ovary is eliminated. The eggs become oxygen starved and their quality can deteriorate rapidly. In general, the eggs of tropical and subtropical fish become overripe earlier than those that spawn at temperate and cool water temperatures. Check the literature to find the maximum grace period between ovulation and overriping of the eggs for the species you are spawning. The milk can be obtained by the same technique used for stripping the eggs. The male fish is dried and the milk is stripped onto the eggs. Tremendous number of sperm are present and only a drop of milk. The eggs and milk are gently mixed and a small amount of water is added to activate the sperm, fertilizing the spawn. Sperm is usually modal for only one minute or less. Milk usually appears creamy white in color and consistency. When available, milk from two or more males is used to ensure fertilization of the spawn. Individual males can be used to fertilize more than one spawn. Milk can also be collected prior to stripping the eggs. The milk is stripped and immediately drawn into a dry sterile syringe. The milk is then expelled into a small plastic bag. Antibiotics can be added to inhibit bacterial development and the bag is filled with oxygen and stored on ice in a refrigerator.  Adhesive eggs should be treated at this time with substances such as silt, tannic acid or urea and salt to deactivate the sticky layer. Initially, the developing embryos of some species are sensitive to movement. Compressed oxygen is added to maintain water quality during this critical stage. The fertilized eggs can then be transferred to the incubation apparatus. The purpose of the incubator is to provide ideal conditions for the developing embryos. A wide variety of incubators have been used. The McDonald jar, however, has been the traditional hatching apparatus for almost every food and sport fish species produced in the United States during the past century. Conical baskets, conical vats, circular tanks and paddle troughs have also been used to incubate the eggs of various species of fish. Air-aided water is delivered to the jars through a low-pressure manifold. The optimum water quality and temperature and the rate of development of the embryos varies with the species of fish. Water is delivered through a tube to the bottom of the jar. The water current produces an upwelling that keeps the eggs in suspension and constantly oxygenated until they hatch. Although the spawning process is completed, the hatchery work has just begun. Now, however, is the time to analyze your failures and learn from your mistakes. Were the brewed fish in proper spawning condition? Did you encounter water quality problems that could have been prevented? Was the hormone mixed and stored properly? Was the hormone dosage calculated correctly? Did handling stress and or disease kill or impair the brewed fish or larvae? Did improper timing and taking the eggs result in poor egg quality? Did sloppy handling of the spawn reduce the percent fertilization? Did equipment failure result in death of brewed fish, embryos, or larvae? Induced hatchery spawning is a fairly complicated process requiring facilities, hard work, and strict attention to detail. The process starts long before the spawning season with the preparation of facilities and the conditioning of brewed fish. There are many ways to fail at each step. So before initiating an aquaculture venture, learn as much as possible from videos, books, extension publications, journal articles, established fish farmers, state and federal hatchery workers, and extension personnel. Lessons learned in this way are much less painful than those punctuated by dead fish and lost revenues.


Hi and welcome to the session. I am Asha and I am going to help you with the following question which says proof the following cos pi plus x into cos of minus x upon sin pi minus x into cos pi by 2 plus x is equal to cot square x. So, let us start with the solution and we will solve the left hand side of this problem and show that it is equal to the right hand side. So, left hand side is cos pi plus x into cos of minus x upon sin pi minus x into cos pi upon 2 plus x. So, first let us learn some simple identities which says cos pi plus x is equal to minus cos x second is cos pi by 2 plus x is equal to minus sin x then sin pi minus x is equal to sin x and cos of minus x is equal to cos x. So, the LHS can further be written as by using these identities cos pi plus x is minus cos x cos of minus x is cos x upon sin pi minus x is sin x and cos pi by 2 plus x is minus sin x. So, we have minus 2 times cos inverse cos square x and in the denominator again we have minus sin x into sin x is minus sin square x minus minus cancels out and we have cos x upon sin x whole square and cos x upon sin x is cot x. So, we have cot x whole square which is equal to cot square x and which is the right hand side of the problem and thus we have cos pi minus x into cos of minus x upon sin pi minus x into cos of pi by 2 plus x is equal to cot square x hence proved. So, this completes the solution hope you enjoyed it take care and have a good day.


Australia has taught me to place value and important everybody irrespective of the background or challenge that you do have. The most interesting thing I've learned about Australia is the Aboriginal culture. The government really ensures that the Aboriginal culture is really preserved and showcases it to the rest of the world. The most interesting thing about living in Australia is the diverse background of people and their culture. And this has inspired me more to understand how people interact and live in harmony with different cultures, different religions. And I think the best part to understand is the understanding amongst everyone. People here are very friendly and they're helpful. They have this culture of being able to have a day off for all their neighbours and friends to come together. People are very busy and they are very hardworking. The first day I arrived here, I noticed many people using public transport in my country, we don't have. I learned to be a citizen of the world because I met a lot of people all over the world. It is the respect that Australia has for all the cultures. It doesn't matter your religion, race or social status, so everyone is the same.


Brexit-debete har givit, och såg igen på spotlight på frågan om emigration som har varit från timmar till timmar, en stor problem i Britten, tidigare under länets regering, när Blair var i tråd. Och det var mycket om debate om den här frågan, particulär om asylumseekorna. Vi ser att det är lätt när det gäller Brexit-debete, men vi talar mer om det. Det är frima movement. Det är rätt av EU-citizens att move and settle in whatever part of EU that they wanted to, as long as they could support themselves financially. Så... Jag kan inte riktigt revola om Britten här. Men fundamentligen, migration har alltid existerat. Det är som om du är alltid present i politiska debatter som är en helt ny fenomen. Det är en ny sak som aldrig har hänt, iallt om man förbjuder människor. Och också ta det ut av historisk kontext. Migrationen är en typisk fråga, där man inte får en explosiv för vad som har hänt i samhället, hur folk kommer att move mellan olika platser i världen eller i olika landar. Man inte får en explosiv för att få en hel del av numbers and so on, 100,000 here, 100,000 there and lots of accusations and rumors, et cetera. But the reality of this migration has existed, well, as long as humanity has existed, of course, people move from different parts for a variety of reasons. Under capitalism, if we try to focus on that, you've had in the early days of capitalism, the most, there was a very important migration stream that went from the countryside into the cities or from rural areas into urban areas because of the needs for workers in the new industries that were developing. So you have basically landless farmers often, so one of the preconditions of the development of capitalism was the eviction of huge swaves of farmers from their land by landlords, which then freed up this reserve pool of labor that could then be brought into the cities to work in the factories and this migration from the countryside into the cities. But that also in many places was not just a migration from one, within one country, but also from one country to another. So, for example, a lot of Irish migrants would travel to the US, where they eventually wound up being factory workers. Sweden is another example of the whole of Scandinavia, well, not Denmark, but Sweden and Norway in particular, a huge numbers. I think there's about a million people who left Sweden in the 20-year period to migrate to the US. Again, they were kicked off the land. Landlords, there was a number of reforms introduced which consolidated landowning, which meant these people could no longer be supported on land and they were effectively forcibly, they were landless and they were forced to find their means of sustenance somewhere else and a million of them immigrated to the North America in order to find either land or employment in the cities. So, this is the part and parcel of the history of capitalism and hasn't really changed. The US, for example, is notorious for its flexible labor market and its flexible workforce. And every year, about one and a half percent of the entire population moves from one census region. So, if you divide the US into, I think, four different regions, it's quite large regions, one half percent every year moves from one of those big regions of the US to another, which is like moving basically from one end of Europe to another. An additional 1.3% of the US population moves from a state to another. So, in total 2.8% will move between different states every year of the population. And if you break it down onto a county basis, it's an additional 3%. So, in total about five to six percent will move from one county to another, whether that's the neighboring county or on the other side of the US. So, that's a 20th of the population every year in the US that moves from one place to another. And these patterns of migration shift over time as industry moves and develops. So, North Carolina, for example, used to be quite a static population when it was very agricultural based. And it had, in the beginning of 1900, 95% of its population was born in North Carolina. But today, only 58% of the population of North Carolina was actually born in the state. And of those 42%, so nine points, so nine percent of the population of North Carolina was born abroad. 33% had moved from a different part of the US into North Carolina. Then there are other states which are more agricultural based, like Ohio, which actually have a more consistent proportion of population about three quarters of a population which have been consistently born in the state. So, it's a quarter of a population only that has moved in during their lifetime. A state like California was actually far bigger number of, well, it was a bigger number of migrants in 1900 than it is today. So, if you know something about the history of California, it was all the gold rush and the whole of development and exploitation in California took place just at the end of the 19th century. So, there were huge numbers of people moving into California and that was the beginning of California. And even today, still large numbers of people move from Latin America or from all parts of the US into California. Over a five year period in the US, 20% of the population have moved from one state to another. And over, if you think of a lifetime of a person, 31% within their lifetime in the US will have moved from one state to another. I mean, if you could almost compare it to moving from one country to another in Europe in terms of how big Europe, one state, one country in Europe is almost as big as, I guess it's a bit bigger than the states in the US, but it's almost similar proportions, right? Sweden, for example, is smaller than most US states, whereas Britain is bigger than most US states. But it's a bit like moving from one country now and there's a third of a population every year in their lifetime will move from one state to another in the US, so that's massive. That's 100 million people. And this equivalent figure in the EU, in spite of all the attempts to put freedom of movement and so on, to create a more flexible workforce, a more migrating workforce that will move between different countries. The equivalent figure in the EU is only 30 million. So you can see there, and then EU has twice the population, I'm not quite, but like it's almost twice the population of the US. So you can see the differences in the US labor market, how it works, and the amount of migration it takes place, if you're not talking about international, but within the same nation state, you have a large, huge numbers of people moving across. And it's part of the key to the economic development. The reasons that migrants cite for moving from one state to another in the surveys, 41% say it's because they're looking for a new job, or they're looking for a job. So they're moving because they think they'll get a job in another place, or because they have found another job. On top of that, another 21% cite what is a rather bad category is other family reason. But I suspect that other family reason probably includes your spouse, your partner, your wife, your husband has found a job in a different place, and you're following them. Because that wasn't part of the questionnaire. So I suspect that a lot of people, so probably around half of the migrants basically move in order to find a job somewhere else in the US. So this is what this mobile workforce is part of what I call economic miracle in the US, or the development of the US economy, which has allowed also the capitalists to move industries around the US, exploiting parts of the US where there isn't trade unionized workforce. So typically in the north, in the northeast, there was well unionized workers in the 1950s and 60s. We've worked good terms and conditions, but so in order to undermine that, to find cheaper labor, they move the industries first to the Midwest, and later on to the south. And so they move these industries around in order to try to find new workers who will be easier to exploit, to be able to get worse terms and conditions.  In the UK, just over one million people moved from one region of another of the UK, and these are quite large regions. So Wales is one region, for example. Scotland is one region. London is one region. So about one million people moved from one region to another in 2010, which is the year of the last census. There's another one coming out soon. An additional 700,000 people came from abroad. So even within Britain, which is one of the higher rates of migration in the EU, it's still, that works out around 2% if you add those two numbers up, which is still far below the 5% to 6% that you have in the US. So the US is quite unique in this context. So the key to understanding migration lies in understanding the capitalist economy, first and foremost. If you look at the big flows of migrants globally between countries, within countries, these are based not on refugees, but on people migrating for economic reasons. The largest streams of migrants come from India, Mexico, Russia and Bangladesh, none of which have particularly significant political problems or wars. And they together account for 60 million migrants. The number of migrants from Syria, which is very large, but it's only 7 million. So if you compare the 60 million to the 7 million, you can see the difference. I think, yeah, I actually have the figures for India here. In one sense, it's not surprising, because India is the largest, most populous nation in the world, so that they have the largest number of migrants, it's maybe not so surprising. But there is also Russia, it's the third largest source of migrants with 10 million, and China is the fourth largest. So it's the biggest nations that produce the most migrants. Syria and 7 million, as I said, Afghanistan is 5 million. Now for those countries, obviously this represents a huge devastating impact of the wars in those countries. As a proportion of the population, we're talking about almost more than half or half of the population, which is extreme, and obviously the dislocation, the anguish, the misery that's been caused in this country by imperialist war is tremendous. But if you compare it to the number of economic migrants, it's the smaller figure. Europeans and North Americans often think of themselves as being the only destination for migrants. Everyone just wants to come here, and that's it. But 80 million of migrants reside in Asian countries, and it's not just Japan. In fact, Japan has relatively few. Compared to 78 million in Europe, and within the 78 million, 30 of them off, well, actually more than 30 maybe, are quite substantial portion of those 78 million off within Europe itself. 58 million are in North America, many of them, well, the bulk of them from Latin America and Central America, Caribbean and so on. Africa has 25 million migrants. And out of those 78 in Europe, 11 million are in Russia. So actually Russia is the biggest destination for migrants in Europe, which probably most people don't know. Coming from Ukraine and Kazakhstan. But obviously the point being about economic migration is you tend to move to the richer countries because that's where the jobs are, effectively. So in general, obviously North America and Europe are overrepresented in terms of the number of migrants that move there because that is where the jobs are. That's where the needs of a capitalist economy, where these workers are needed. One stream, large stream of money, sorry, migrants in the last few years have been the Gulf states. And it's really, these are very peculiar states where you have a very, relatively small population that suddenly had a large influx of money through oil and gas. And this has created a very peculiar situation. So in UAE, United Arab Emirates, 88 of the population who are actually border-broad, 74% in Kuwait, 76% in Qatar, 51% in Bahrain, and Saudi Arabia has 30%. So in these countries you got like a narrow cross, narrow fin layer of the top of natives and the whole of the working class almost entirely is made up of migrants who work in construction, domestic work and so on, all kinds of positions. Drawn in from countries like India, Egypt and Pakistan, obviously by the oil wealth, which enable these countries down to create like whole very peculiar, these very peculiar economies. They have a special system for migration called kafala. And it's the most extreme form I think about migrant exploitation exists in the world. But you can see also that some of the elements of that is what has been introduced in US and in Europe or has been introduced over the past few decades. And the migrants visas are tied to a single employer. So if they lose their job, they're out, they have to send home. They're not allowed family reach unification, basically not allowed to bring family members from where they come from, which is otherwise standard. They're not allowed to marry local. So it's not allowed to marry natives. So it's a big, there's a racial segregation. In fact, Denmark has introduced a few similar things over the past decades and they have restrictions on their movements. So these try to rise to clear sharp wedge between the native population or the native working class in the sense that in those places where exist and the migrants who are completely derived of all the normal rights that you associate with being a citizen or a resident of a country. And this is like, you know, this is managed migration or immigration and border controls in the most pure naked form. This is the most ripe that migrants can be for exploitation in these kind of situations. So obviously these migrants are part and parcel of the world market and the world economy. They move these workers across the world, labor market, as they call it, move them across the world in order to be able to fit different positions of the capitalist system. The work that's being opened up in new industries or in domestic work and construction or whatever. And so you're bringing these migrants from different parts of the world in order to fill these tasks, and particularly the low paid, obviously. There are some, we're going to go all out. There's also, if you call that, there may be the pull factor, that is sort of attraction of moving to another country that's something that's needed in that country and they need those migrants for work. But there's also a push factor, of course. Wars and calamities are part and parcel of the class society and the capitalist system in particular. And you often see and present it in the press as something that is like a fact of life. It's something natural. Wars just take place. It's just because people are bad, sinful people, they're evil people in the world and therefore you have wars. But in reality, if you look at all the major sources of conflict in the world and if you look at the major source of migrants in Syria or refugees in Syria and Afghanistan, you can see that it's not just someone who's got some bad ideas in their head or someone who happened to be particularly evil. But it's actually the meddling of imperialist powers, the regional imperialist powers that are the source of it. So the war in Syria, it's a proxy war for all the imperialist powers. It's the poor people of Syria who are basically subject to all the interventions of every single major nation in the world. The European Union is there, the Russians are there, the Americans are there, but not just the international, the global imperialist powers but also the regional ones, the Saudis who were there, backing Japan al-Nusra in the past. You had the Turks there backing ISIS and now they're backing some other Islamist nutcases. They're obviously intervening themselves with bombs and even tanks, now against the Kurds. You have Iran which is present there. You have also Israel who's been bombing although not present on the ground but it's almost the security services who've been involved. So you have all the, and they're all fighting a proxy war for control over Syria and obviously the people that suffer from this is not the rich and the powerful but the workers and peasants of Syria who have had their lives absolutely destroyed. And this is what this migration stream comes from which then moves towards Europe which is a place of relative safety and where they can possibly find some work, etc. and housing. But the European Union very graciously pays Turkey some billions to keep them locked up in refugee camps in the state of misery. So, and the same goes for Afghanistan which obviously started with the misery in Afghanistan started with the US intervention to crush the Saudi revolution where they supported people like Osama bin Laden and others, the so-called freedom fighters. And then have continued since the withdrawal of the Soviet Union by various, by a proxy wars between regional powers, India, Pakistan, Iran, China, US of course. Russia I think has not been so much involved but they're all, all these regional powers as well as the US have been involved in these wars in Afghanistan and which has caused tremendous misery for the population for now, ever since the beginning of the 1980s. Now, so if this is migration, right? This is the migration on the capitalism. If you understand that this is the source of migration in the capitalism, the reason why we have migration. What should our attitude be? Well, we have to say that in the social society the question of migration would be posed quite differently. There would be no need for workers to travel across the world to find jobs. Why on earth would you create, build a factory in one part of the world only to force people to move all the way across the world in order to work in this factory? Why don't you rebuild the factory or build, create the jobs in the places where people already live? And this goes for the north of England which has got very few jobs compared to the south of England, right? This goes much for that as it goes for globally, right? Why would you create all this, build all this industry so to create all this jobs in Europe and North America rather than actually making them where people live and where they have their families and so on? Which is probably where most people would prefer, right? Don't want to move all the way across the world in order to find decent job and decent living conditions. They much prefer to continue to live in the communities where they grew up. So this is, in a sense, this is part of workers' control. Workers' control of industry. We control where the industries are built. We decide, we create, build the industries not for the purpose of creating profit. So we don't put the factories where we create the most profit but for the needs of mankind, right? So we build the factories to produce for mankind but also in the places where they are most, where people already exist. So the machine and the industries serve the worker rather than serving the needs or rather than the worker being there to serve the needs of the machine which is the case under capitalism. And yeah, as I said, this also applies within countries. You don't have this absurd situation which has taken place particularly in those countries which have been deindustrialising like Britain where you have all the jobs created in a few metropolitan cities and so everyone has to move into these big cities creating massive problems of overcrowding rather than building, creating jobs across the country where so people can stay and live in the communities where they are already relatively well provided with housing and so on. And obviously we would, in the social society in advanced capitalist countries they would invest in what they call the global south or the developing countries in order to act in solidarity but also as a means of cooperating in order to jointly create more and more wealth for humanity. So there wouldn't be this need there wouldn't be this competition of like seeing that we have to put the walls and barriers for all these poor people that wanna come here and take away all our wealth which is how it's been seen, presented in the capitalist press but actually we would create that wealth in the south or all the poorer countries of the world and we build up those industries and create the wealth which also will benefit us because in various ways whatever they produce in those countries they're engineering all that creativity which exists in the talent that exists in those countries could be brought about also to enriching the lives of people in the presently richer world. Of course also there would be freedom of movement across the world and people would be able to move if they wanted to to move to change for because they wanted to change of scenery essential climate or they wanted to work in a particular industry which are only part of a certain part of the world or they wanted to do research if they were scientists or whatever all that stuff would have complete freedom of movement so people could move and settle where they wish to but such would be the case in the social society obviously we're not there at the moment so we also have to discuss how we pose things under capitalism and I don't know if you noticed I don't know if anyone knows how much does it cost if you're really rich how much does it cost to get these at the Britain So am I having a clue? 800 pounds 800 pounds? No, no, no I think too many people will be able to afford 800 pounds I'm afraid it's the figure is 50,000 pounds if it's a start up now if you start a new company like a start up if you're an entrepreneur then you're 50,000 pounds you have to invest if you're not really very creative you don't really have a new business plan a business idea or anything 2 million pounds would suffice so if you have 2 million pounds you can buy yourself a permanent right to remain in Britain and most countries have this kind of system in one way or another either informally, as in you nudge nudge, you talk to the right people the government will grant you a visa or formally as in the case here 2 million pounds, welcome a lot of tax same incidentally have similar systems which are sometimes a bit cheaper than 2 million but anyway, if you want planning of migrating to a tax haven but basically when we're talking about these kind of systems exist for rich people I've told also that if you're moving from private airports between different private airports so you're not going through so you have a private jet and you're flying to different private airports they don't usually don't check passports so you can really move quite freely between different countries as long as you just have a private jet which obviously most of the population don't so obviously you don't want to interfere with these people the important people, their time is valuable and so I don't want to bother them with passport controls and things like that so I think that's so for rich people freedom of movement across the world really already exists they basically have no restrictions to their freedom of movement unless for some reason they fall foul of the US or something like that so when we talk about restriction and migration it is always about poor people or workers that's always, that's what we're talking about it's the poor people are the problem and that has to be dealt with whereas rich people are an asset they come here and they bring money to invest well, questions whether you want that money but anyway so they're always seen as an asset they're something good they contribute something to society unlike workers this is the case so I'd like to go for a little bit historically as well how labor movement has dealt with this question and how they dealt with it in the correct way primarily and there's always been this discussion it's a long discussion which has always existed labor movement and any attempt to pretend that this has a new problem a new phenomena that has never existed before which you get sometimes it's complete nonsense exactly the same argument exactly the same positions that we put forward and in Marxist days in Britain the main problem was the Irish migrants or problem as it was perceived who were brought here from Ireland as you might know the potato famine happened in the 1850s and like 2 million people moved to Ireland the fact the population before the potato famine of Ireland was larger than it is today still and a lot of these people wound up in Britain inevitably and they brought here and they were they were given worse terms and conditions to work for in Britain than the people who were born in Britain and this caused friction between the Irish and the British workers om jag förlåt mig att tränka på pippen så så Marx ford för adoption i den brittiska labor movement i particulär den första internationella som hade många brittiska unions trade unions atta till det han ford för adoption av internationellist approach till den frågan och så han analysade problem han sa owing till den konstant övriga koncentrationen av de sommer i landskonsten sen ser en surplus till det engelska labor market en dess forces down wages och lois de material moral position av det engelska working class och mest importen av all evra industrial en kommersial center i England och possesses a working class divide in the two hostile camps engelska proletarians och irish proletarians så basic analysis problem creation of two separate parts of working class with different terms and conditions which have been pittit against each other i färre mor describe the attitude which brings about the situation ordinary engelsk worker hates the Irish worker as a competitor who lowers the standard of life in relation to the Irish worker he regards himself as a member of the ruling nation in consequences he becomes a tool of the English aristocrats en capitalist against Ireland but bus in strengthening their domination over himself he cherishes religious social and national prejudicis against his Irish worker his attitude towards him is much the same as that of the poor whites to the negroes in the former slave states of the USA the Irish man pays him back with interest in his own money he sees in the English worker both the accomplished and the stupid tool of the English rulers of Ireland and he also points out that the capitalist class is deliberately keeping this division alive this antagonism is artificially kept alive and intensified by the press the pulpit, the comic papers in short by all the means at the disposal of the ruling classes antagonism is the secret of the impotence of the English working class despite this organisation it is the secret by which the capitalist class maintains his power and the latter is quite aware of this so he basically explains precisely the situation we have today of our own smaller scale to some extent where migrants are constantly behind in the press being born to be the culprits of all kinds of bad things that are taking place in society housing shortage, short hospital beds bad schools, lack of schools terrorism, you name it anything bad, knife crime of course all the bad things in society all the faults of migrants and not of the capitalist class and this kind of thing still continues till this day you have and so there was at that time as much as there is today and a layer of the labour movement to adapt it in particular to trade unions to adapt it to a certain wing of the capitalist class and they allopted the collaborationist position on this question what does that mean? the basic idea is that the state should restrict the numbers of workers coming from abroad in the back of the day from Ireland this will create a smaller pool of workers this is the argument today if we are going to the EU if you have a smaller pool of workers then it makes it easier for trade unions to negotiate the contract because you have a smaller pool of workers that's the demand and supply and so on or if you put in more crudly they would ask the state to stop poor foreigners coming in or even send them home from abroad look at that I should start giving me a minute before so the point that Marx makes is basically this is the Achilles heel of the British labour movement this is a secret to the weakness of the British working class and so the question is then how do you resolve this problem now the funny thing is recently the new stall list or neo-stall list that we are going to call them they have taken the quote in this passage which I just read out as an argument for that we should restrict the numbers of EU migrants into Britain which is rather peculiar way of twisting and turning the words of Marx I mean, if you look at what they write and then you look at, you realise that what I have done is they found this quote in someone else's writings and they just copied and pasted it without actually reading the original text in full what comes before and what comes after that's the only explanation you could possibly have it there's another quote as well which was quoted by Len McCluskey got a little bit further on in one of the articles in the Morning Star Morning Star takes precisely this position by the way the British Communist Party of Britain and they take a little quote, out of parades like one sentence out of a whole paragraph and then they say oh look at this Marx says there's a problem with migrants therefore we must close the borders and it is completely absurd and you realise if they're not completely disingenuous which is of course a possibility I think more likely they're just completely lazy and they can't be bothered to read even the whole paragraph in which they've taken this quote out of just basically googled something and then found the little sentence they liked and take it out and say oh look this is what Marx thinks but the position they develop is basically we need to close down freedom of movement because this will strengthen the British working class because they'll have a better negotiating position and this is quite contrary to the methods that Marx adopter because when he talks in the following paragraph Marx tried to come up with some solutions to this problem of attempting to unite the British and the Irish workers and he says the following it is the special task of the central council of the first international place in London to make the English workers realise that for them the national emancipation of Ireland is not a question of abstract justice or human sentiment but the first condition of their own social emancipation basically that the British labour movement should argue for the independence of Ireland in order to win over the Irish workers who are residing in Britain they should prove to the Irish workers they are on their stride against British imperialism and British capitalism and that will open the door then for a united struggle against the British bosses och det var det en avsäkterning som Marx avskattade som du kan säga är en internationell upplevelse det är också en klassisk upplevelse som visar att vi ska unika den arbetslösheten inte att försöka divide, segmentera och sådana men att hålla på en del av den Irish och den här delen av den här delen och den här delen av den men att unika den workers insiderkontrider som kom från bråder som var borna här men också krossbordare som vi kommer att ta det är en simulat debatt som rör sig lite längre i den USA bara efter det och den USA-lösheten men den AFEL adopterade som konstruktionen som supportade den 1882 Kina Exklusion Act Vilket är plötsligt rasiskt. Pisa lösningen som var introducerade i U.S. As you know, a lot of U.S. migrants came from Europe, but they are there for various reasons. They took exception to Chinese migrants, so they basically banned all migration into the U.S. By Chinese. They also banned them from taking up jobs in certain industries and so on, which was basically a recipe for creating an underbellig of workers with no rights whatsoever, who would be able to be super exploited by the capitalist and they were super exploited by the capitalist, particularly in the building of railways, which was a big industry at that time. And so this question was raised at the Congresses of the second international and there was a delegate called Hilquit was particularly right wing element in the U.S. labor movement and he raised, which will resonate lot. He put it more crudly, but it's basically the same argument as we hear today. The capitalist import such workforces by that by nature must be cheaper and in general serve as unwitting strike breakers and who are dangerous competition for native workers. Nowadays these workforces are Chinese and Japanese, the yellow race in general. We have absolutely no racial prejudice against the Chinese, but we must state that they are completely unorganisable, right? So this is precisely the kind of arguments here in the British labor movement about Polish workers, for example, they're completely impossible to organize. You can't organize Polish workers as impossible and so on. Basically it's a racial prejudice, but they won't admit it. It also is lazy because they don't want to go out there. They want to translate some leaflets into Polish. They want to go out there and try to organize these new workers that are coming in, but rather they just lazily think that the capitalist state will solve the problem for them by just restricting the number of workers that are coming in. And this was, these arguments were answered by a number of people. I can't go into all the quotes. You can read the article, there are more quotes there. But one of the Italian delegates argued against it. He says, one cannot fight migrants, only the abuses which arise from immigration. The Italian party and trade unions are always mindful of this. We are against controls of migration because we know that the whip of hunger that cracks behind the migrants is stronger than any law made by government. That is, whatever immigration controls you put in, the whip of hunger always is stronger than any laws. You're not going to stop migration, even if you ban all migration. It's not going to stop migration because you always have people because of the situation. The needs of the capitalist economy in those, in the vast capitalist countries, as well as obviously the hunger and poverty that's created in other parts of the world. So you always have the streams of migration. The question is not that, the question is what rights do these people that come here have? What ability do you have to organize them? If they have no rights, it's going to be far more difficult to organize them. The right examples of this, I know from fact the cleaners when they organized against UBS Bank. UBS Bank had outsourced their cleaners to MITI. So MITI then had the thing and some of the cleaners were illegally, some of the leaders of the strike didn't have proper legal status. And so the company was aware of this, didn't care anything about it. They were quite happy with this situation until of course when they went on strike. Then they called in the one cleaners for an interview or discussion with the management, which is, you know, these things happen when you're working. You have to go and talk to the management. And what do they find when they arrive immigration officials? So the management called up the immigration officials saying, hey, we got this person who's not illegally, would you come and arrest them? And immigration officials very kindly turned up. And this is what creates this kind of situation, which created for migrants if they don't have proper legal status. So you're always under threat, basically. If you stand up for yourself, if you stand up for your rights, you have trace the threat of deportation. And this can only weaken the labor movement. So the second international artist meeting in 1907, they actually adopted a resolution which ran quite contrary to the attention of Hilgritt and his like. And they said that they regarded all migration controls as reactionary by nature. Fairly straightforward, clear what they meant. That's a little explanation here what you said when you have presentation, but you have humor, clarity and examples. So I'm trying to work according to this clarity. And there you have humor as well. I managed to get a few laughs. And then they had a series of measures to counter the strength of labor movement in the recipient country, where the place where the migrants removed to a ban on the export and import of those workers who have agreed on a contract that deprives them of their free disposal of their labor pound wages. Basically, all the workers must have the rights to remain. They must have the right to choose whatever employee they want and so on. So there can be no kind of slavery contracts. That should be banned, which is fair enough. Statutory protection of workers by shortening the working day, introducing a minimum wage, abolishing the sweat system and regulating homeworking. Abolition of all restrictions will prevent certain nationalities erasers from staying in the country or which exclude them from social, political and economic rights of the natives or impede them exercising those rights. Extensive measures to facilitate naturalisation. Basic attempt to join up to create unity and give all the rights to all the migrants that come there because that will strengthen and facilitate their involvement in the labor movement of the country, which they arrived to. All additional trade unions must remove all restrictions of migrants becoming members, which should be fairly obvious, but historically it hasn't always been the case. And this will start to strengthen the trade union movement by uniting the migrants and the workers, native workers, if you will. Lenin spoke in even harsher terms about these kind of tendencies who want to restrict migration. He said that he called it, this is the same spirit of aristocrats. Aristocraticism, that one finds among workers in some of the civilised, inverted commas countries, who derive certain advantages from their privileged position and are therefore inclined to forget the need for international class solidarity. And he said the resolution of the second national fully meets the demands of revolutionary social democracy. So he actually explained this as a narrow minded labor aristocratic attitude that is reflected in these demands of restricted migration. He also insists that migration in fact was progressive. The bourgeois insights the workers of one nation against those of another in the end of a to keep them disunited class conscious workers, realising that the breakdown of all national barriers by capitalism is inevitable and progressive, are trying to help to enlighten and organise the fellow workers from the backward countries. So this is the attitude of Lenin. Basically the breakdown of national barriers is inevitable and progressive. So you have the Stalinists who are often the proponents of these migration restrictions as well as reformists of course, who have completely abandoned all internationalism and they see the nation state as somehow something progressive, but it's not at all. It's actually the breakdown of nation state which is the most progressive thing and the movement of people actually serves to help that process along, removes cultural prejudices, religious prejudices. Basically if you have a neighbor who is Muslim or Jewish, you're less likely to be prejudiced against such workers than if you didn't have that. Right. And in terms of international solidarity, obviously the presence of large communities in Britain or from various parts of the world makes the case the ability of British imperialism to engage in wars and imperialist warfare in those countries also more difficult. So the issue uniting or the working class, the moving of different people from different parts of the world actually serves to strengthen the revolutionary movement. Now I do not have time, I might go into it later, but to go into the position that the British government adopted of late suffice to say that actually it's quite interesting to have what happened at the Labour Party Congress. On the last day of the Labour Party Congress, a lot of the delegates and a lot of the trade union leaders and whatever had left because the parliament was going to reopen and everyone was really happy because the parliament was going to reopen. No one else was. But yeah, and then on that day there was the resolution on migration, homelessness and a number of other questions and they actually adopted the programme, which was, I mean it wasn't complete, but actually the basic principles were correct, was the adoption of the maintenance of freedom and movement for EU citizens and the extending of it to include other people as well, which I think is the correct position. I mean it's not the complete programme, but it's a very good start. Also an addition extension of the right to vote to people who are living here but are not British citizens, which is perfectly correct as well, perfectly in line of what second internationalist resolution. Now I know part of the reason behind that is obviously these people hoping that these EU migrants in Britain will vote for remaining in the European Union in the future second referendum or whatever, but basically the principle is correct anyway. That's why it's almost worked here like myself. I've been here for 13 years or something, but I haven't got the right to vote because I haven't paid 1,700 pounds. They cost to apply 1,500 pounds. They cost to apply for British citizenship. So because of that, I don't have the right to vote, don't have full rights to participate in the political life of Britain. Now personally in that situation, why on earth would they not allowed to vote, right, where some expats in southern Spain, who has very little to do with Britain, they see smiling here, but why do they get the chance to vote? They should vote in Spain, they shouldn't be voting in Britain basically. This is the logic. I mean you can also talk about the expats, the Swedish expats, always both for the Tories who live in London. There's a tax dodgers, there's a community of tax dodgers in London basically, 20,000 of them or so, who are escaping Swedish taxes, enjoying the wonders of the British tax system with the non-dom status and whatnot. And so they live here and they always vote for the Conservative Party. The only party that sends election materials to London is the Conservative party in the Swedish elections. Anyway, that's by the by. Eh, this fellow international also adopted a resolution on the question of this section in the resolution on the colonial question, which deals with migration. And it's also again, I mean, the Stalinist just haven't read any of the stuff. It's quite obvious or if they've read it, they must. It says the communist parties of the United States, Canada and Australia must wage a vigorous campaign against laws that restrict immigration and explain, blame to the proletarian masses of these countries that they too will suffer harm because of the race hatred stirred up by these laws. The capitalist opposed such immigration, anti-immigration laws because they favor free importation of cheap colored labor as a means of driving down the wages of white workers. So that's the argument basically of a lot of these people that are well importation migrants drives down the wages and so on. But this is, this is not that the first national, the second national didn't know about this thing, but they just about the measures that they deal with it. That's the question. There's only one way to successfully counter the capitalist intention to go over to the offensive. The immigrant workers must be admitted into the existing trade unions of white workers, this particular problem in the United States. At the same time, the demand must be raised that the wages of the colored workers be brought up to the same level as the white workers pay. Such a step by the communist party will expose the capitalist intentions and also demonstrate clearly to the colored workers that the international proletariat does not harbor any racial prejudice. Basically, this is the way to unite the work, the workers, the migrants and native born into common struggle against the capitalist class is ensure but they get all the same rights to fight for all the same rights for the migrants as already existed. And the precisely the opposite will happen if you start into playing around with this migration controls and so on precisely the opposite will happen. You will drive a wedge. Basically the capitalists will continue to import migrants, but they will say to the migrants that come in and say, look, we'll protect you against these white workers or the native born workers, right with their rights and so on. They want to kick you out of the country and so on. We don't want that. We want you here. I want to give you jobs, etc. And obviously that argument will have some truck if all the white workers of the main labor movement, if their program is no more people will allow to come in, no rights, no citizenship rights, etc, etc. So certainly this is the way forward. It's always been in the traditions, the best traditions of the international labor movement. This has been a position that has been put forward. It is the best way of strengthening and unifying the labor movement against in the struggle against the bourgeoisie. I don't have time for that either. And also, it is also a way of fighting against this idea, which has been put forward. De har, both in Britain and the United States, you have this kind of like this kind of, I guess in all countries, but particularly in Britain United States. I have a wing of a bourgeoisie who like to present themselves as somehow progressive. You got the Hillary Clinton's of this world or in the Britain, the pro remain. So the Joe Swinson's or whatever, who talk a lot about being in favor of nice things, rights of migrants and so on. But in reality, they're not in favor of no such thing at all. But what they want to do, well, they have a minor difference with people by Trump in that they like some of the methods of Trump and how he, he, some of the harshest measures they think are a bit too harsh. They want to let in a little bit more migrants than maybe Trump wants. Or in Britain, the remain crowd, a lot of them are in favor of restricting freedom and movement. They just don't want to abolish it completely, right? Because they understand that British economy needs these workers who work in the picking strawberries or whatever. They need these workers, low paid workers, and they continue to need them even in the future. So it's not a question. So they and their attitude is to have a little bit more restrictions or bring in some of migrants, but no, none of them are really in favor of giving full rights to migrants, giving citizenship rights to migrants or allowing anything close to open borders. So in reality, the policy that we always been put forward by the revolutionary wing of the labor movement, it's always been not just directed against the right wing of labor movement or the sort of Nigro forages av this world, but also directed against this liberal wing of Warsaw tries to present themselves as some kind of friends of the migrants or friend or internationalists, as I like to call themselves. And in the future, with the hardening of the class struggle, inevitably, this divided rule tactic will be used again and again. It's our essential duty to maintain a clear position of class independence on this question, no alliance with either the so-called liberals or the Nigro forages av this world. We do not side with the bosses who are pretending to be a friend of an 80 worker by walking in for one nor would do with the one who pretends to be the friend of the foreign worker by advocating a more permissive migration policy. Our policy is for class unity and internationalism, and on that road lies the success of our movement.


Hey everybody, Matt here for Layton Sports Cards ripping two boxes for Graf. We have one box of 2122 Obsidian basketball hobby and one box of 2122 Prism basketball hobby. Here we go Graf. Good luck. All right, let's do it. Oh, did you? That's awesome, Patrick Start off the obsidian. We'll close it out with Prism. It is DeMar DeRosin. DeRosin that is to 50. That is Supernova Yanis to 99. Nice card, Graf. There's Miles Turner Dominique Wilkins and Yanis Base This is to 99. Rookie Jersey Auto JT Thor to 35. That is Patch Auto Marcus Smart. There you go, Graf. All right, Prism. And Graf, I did see that there was also an Optic Basketball box on the order, but it said ship it sealed. So I do have that set aside for you as well. There's Scotty Lewis Aaron Wiggins, Germain O'Neill Red Wave That is Hyper LeBron James. Nice LeBron Anthony Edwards See something crazy out of here. There's Rookie Charles Bassie and Silver Dillon Brooks Anthony Edwards, Fireworks Silver Insert Sensational Signatures, Otto Isaiah Livers. All right, here we go Rookie Keon Johnson Jaden Springer Rookie and Purple Ice Jason Kidd. That is to 149 Santiago Dama Rookie and Kelly Ubre Jr. Silver It's Chris Weber, Hyper Lamello Ball. That is Prismatic. There you go, Graf. Nice looking insert. Jalen Johnson, Trey Murphy It's Red Wave, Devon Vasell And Rookie Red, Austin Reeves Shingoon This is Dwayne Wade Silver. That is Orange. Yeah, Orange Wave to 60, Hamidou Diallo There's Chris Weber, 75 years, Silver Insert Dasomu, Jason Preston and Red Wave and S. Cantor It's Chris Middleton, Hyper LeBron mindset Kelly Dunning Baker, LeBron James, LeBron Johnson, this is Damana Sabonis Silver Ben Wallace, Fearless Silver Kawhi So we've got a few more boxes in queue now queue's starting to build up just a little bit. Still not a long wait It's Quentin Grimes Bones Highland This is Fireworks, Hyper, Insert, Kawhi Leonard And Sensational Signatures, Rookie Otto, Luca Garza Right, three packs to go. Let's see a big rookie parallel in here There's Trey Mann and Brandon Boston Jr. Rookies Corey Kispert, Silver, Peyton Pritchard And Hyper, Devante Graham Evan Mobley, Rookie This is Josh Giddy That is Rookie Is that Pulsar? It's been a while since I pulled one of these But nice one There you go, Graf Not number Stajonte Murray, Red Giannis Alright, last pack Rookie Luca Garza That's Jalen Green, Rookie Silver It is Pulsar, yeah There you go, nice Jalen Green, Rookie Silver And Larry Dance Jr., Blue Alright, Graf, that'll do it for your box Let's appreciate the purchase and we'll get these right out to you


Welcome to Drinks Made Easy. Our friends over at Nipiata.com sent us one of their Nipiatas to check out and you might be asking what is a Nipiata?  So without further ado, we're gonna set this up and introduce you to our new intern who's been dying for millions of years to join us, Ted. Wait, I thought I was gonna do that. Nope, it's gonna be Ted. But it's okay, you can hold the string. It's a big job. The Nipiata is the party pinata where you just go to the website, pick out what kind of pinata you want, and then you choose what alcohols and how many of them. So you can order with 10, 20, or 30 nips. It comes with everything you need. The pinata, the string to hang it with, the stick, and a blindfold along with a list of suggested games. But let's be serious, you just want to break this thing open and get to the nips. So let's get to it. Cheers. Let's get a fortune. What does it say? Chances are high you will go home alone tonight. Drink this to ease the pain. What? Come on, Nipiata, you don't even know me. Apparently they do. For those concerned as to whether Ted was offered any of the nips, he is an intern, doesn't have a valid ID, and is a dinosaur.


Why do I want to reply that way? Why do I feel I need to, I need to exaggerate? Why do I need to lie? Why do I need to make myself look better than I think I look to them? Why do I need to compete? Why do I need to say, I can do that too? Why do I need to say, yeah, I know those people too? What is it in us? And I'll tell you what it is, it's the ego. And if you can identify it and find a language for it, and people that you love and trust, if you would serve each other this week by saying, I think that's your ego, mate. Just that little phrase, and you may not know what to do with that phrase, but it puts you onto the ego, and the ego will not like it. It does not like scrutiny.


Hello everyone, welcome to my channel, it's Iwa from Bohemian Crafting and today I'm coming with a very different video. I do have so many beginners on my YouTube channel and I know and I read many times that they wish they know everything what I know about doing journal making. So today I decided to put together my very oldest pictures from my very oldest journals I started to create in 2014 and I hope it will encourage to everyone of you who are beginners just to continue because I was starter and beginner a while ago as well and I always love to create and I have to say when I saw today all these pictures, especially the Japanese one with samurai, it was kind of surprised me how much creative I was at the start. I do believe more skilled we are, more tools we get and more supplies we get. We are losing that beginners determination to learn and show what we can do.  I see it on myself that I'm not trying to use all my skills on my journals and I see it on other channels as well. We are getting to use only printables and stamps and that's probably it and we are forgetting to use our mediums and embossing folders and stuff like that and it's so shame. So for all my beginners just go to have a look on all my pictures. I was amazed how beautiful journals I have created and I watched when I watched those pictures and I saw all those materials and all those techniques I used in those journals that was quite amazed me and also ashamed me that I'm not using all these materials and skills I learned and I tried through to that time that I'm not using it lately that I'm getting kind of like lazy because in my mind I tried everything already so I'm gonna stick with those quick and easy you know so for all my beginners I hope you will get comfortable with what you are doing and you will actually start to be proud of what you're doing because when I see those journals now I know at that time I wasn't proud of what I made and I was thinking because I'm beginner my journals they are like nothing you know compared to those skilled journal makers but when I see those pictures now I feel like oh mine how beautiful things I did create it while ago and I didn't even realize that so please please please for all my beginners make picture of your work get it to your computer and go back to have a look on these pictures in 2-3 months maybe later and you will see you will see that difference how you will look at your work after few months you will be so proud of what you have created what do you know how creative you can be and how beautiful things you can create and one more thing I know when we are beginners we don't have all the tool which those skilled people and skill artists you are using I hope you will always find a way how to substance something what you see on on YouTube or on any other platforms on Instagram or maybe Pinterest that you will always find something what you have at home to use it in your journals because there is so many beautiful things you can find and so many great tools you can use instead of buying stuff which is then laying in the drawers and I know what I'm telling you because I do have full craft room of tools which I'm not using and more and more I do have more and more I am disappointed from myself because I'm not using those tools I'm not using those stamps dies stencils what I am using are just digital mostly and it's so sad so if you are beginner please just trust yourself that you will be probably more creative than I am right now I hope you will find lots of inspiration in the pictures I have put together I try to put together some nice pictures please forgive the quality these pictures are from my work between 2014 and 2016 I didn't add there all like newest pictures because that will be just too much I do have like a lot of pictures so if you will like this video and you will want to see more of these flip through the journals by photos I can do more videos with inspiration like this I hope you will enjoy it and I hope you will find there something what will kick that inspiration kick that creativity and you will go and have a fun in your craft room thank you so much for joining me today thank you so much for all your amazing support and wonderful comments I wish you all beautiful day have a fun take care of yourself and I will see you soon bye