Hello everybody. Hello everyone, welcome. So this is our first global spotlight since Betsy and I returned from Rootstack. By a meeting person. Yes, we did finally get to meet for the first time face to face so that was cool. I tell people walking into Rootstack was like walking into the inside of the internet. All the websites were there and all of the people that I see online I got them. I got to actually see in person. So that was a lot of fun, but I'm curious Betsy, what what did you feel were the primary themes of this year's Rootstack? Oh, well, you know, I I my experience was solely in the exhibit hall. So and because it was my first time and the exhibit hall is just so phenomenal. It that was really satisfying in and of itself. I feel like connection was was really the theme.  So yes, connection was was the big. Yeah, I think that's interesting. Because I hadn't thought of that, but you're right. That was a big thing. And I remember thinking how far behind all these other sites were because that's what Wikitree does, because we have people and these sites were coming up, ancestry, family search, all the big ones talking about how they're trying to get people connected with each other. But they have a long way to go before they match Wikitree, I think. You know, the other two, two of the other big things that were that we heard a lot about were AI and DNA. I think those were two of the biggest topics. But what also I think was maybe not as obvious, but I picked up on it because it's my topic. It was the global representation that was there. There were a lot of booths that were country specific, including countries you wouldn't expect like the Chinese booth. Yes. There was a not only the booths, but also some of the classes. There was a class on Iranian genealogy, a Jewish genealogy in Iran. So that was a pretty specific topic. But that was something that struck me was how much things are expanding into the global market. And I think big sites like Ancestry and Family Search over the upcoming years will have a lot more countries included. I was just reading something yesterday about an individual who has gone to Uganda and is copying all the records there and getting them on to and digitizing them all. It's just a single individual, but he's that he's there doing that under under like a sponsoring organization or just well, I get the feeling like this person may be some sort of philanthropist himself and maybe self funding. He is he has a school that he is either building or has built there in Uganda. And while he's there doing that, he's also digitizing records. So it wasn't clear exactly where his funding came from. But you know, that's again, that's one of those. I call them genealogical genealogically obscure countries. They're not necessarily obscure as a country, but genealogically speaking. Right. So that's that's kind of cool. And as far as our global project goes, that's going to be a real boost for us because some of these countries that we're creating projects for, we still don't have a whole lot of resources. But I think over time, we're going to get more and more. So that's going to be it's going to be good for us. And it's going to be good for people that may not be finding what they need on wiki tree right now. But as the years go on, I think more and more people will be able to find connections on on wiki tree. So that's my hope for the global project right now. We're still in our infancy. But take a look at us in five years. And I think we're going to be pretty raising. Yeah. So I think I recognize almost all the names in the chat room right now. So I don't see a lot in a lot of new people. There's a couple of people I don't recognize. But one of the things I wanted to say before going forward with today's session is that we do have the challenge of creating the session in a way that is relevant to both new people who know nothing about wiki tree or the global project versus people that have been around forever. And I've already heard all this. So those of you that have been around may know this stuff. Those of you that are senior genealogists may know a lot of this stuff. But I think if you pay attention, you're going to get some a few gems here and there that can help even people that maybe have been around a while.  But just hang in there. If you don't understand something, eventually, you'll you'll come back to it and you'll say, Oh, yeah, I remember they were talking about that on the global spotlight. So so anyway, I just kind of want to give that disclaimer that it's we're gonna kind of go back and forth from the basics to more advanced. So and then also I wanted to mention I have a cold so hopefully my voice isn't terrible. I lost my voice two days ago. I'm hoping I can get through an hour of talking without it going away again. I kind of had nightmares over about that last night as I was sleeping. So let's see. Sandy asked the question if I could give a clue. I give a very obscure clue. But I posted some questions on or some clues on G2G over the day. Does anybody have any idea what country we're going to start with today? I'm curious to see what clues what clues did you give? Well, the clue I just posted here was that this country has a 12 man army. And they are completely funded by volunteer donations. So hey, Lisa, I hear it down Liechtenstein is a good guess. That's not right. But that's a good guess. This country, obviously, it's a small small country. But surprisingly, I would surprise this is the sixth smallest country in Europe, and which means there's five other countries smaller in Europe. And it's the 16th smallest country in the world, which means there's 15 smaller countries across the globe. San Marino is a good guess, but that's not correct. Switzerland know the Vatican know I think the Vatican is the smallest country if I remember right. All right, I'll give you an I'll give you a more geographic clue that maybe you'll have Oh, somebody got it. Jen got it. Oh, right. And Dora and Dora is a tiny country of about it's less than 500 square miles. I don't know how that transfers I had it written down how it translates into kilometers. But it is about 400. I think it's 450 square square miles. It is located in between France and Spain. And we're going to go through our website on Andorra. We do have an Andorra project that is now active. And it is hosted by Mark Lemon who is also hosting Lichtenstein. And he is also hosting Greece. He's put a lot of effort into the Greece project. And that is that's going real well. But he's now working on Andorra. And again, Lichtenstein is as well. So let's just go through for people that aren't familiar with the global project, and how we set up our pages, we're just going to go through David, do you want me to go back to the global homepage so we can show people? Yeah, why don't we go back and show them how to find it. So if you go to the global project, so there's a couple ways you can Google wiki tree global project and it'll take you here. You can also go up into the find drop down menu up at the top of your screen from any page. And there is a projects page there, linked to projects. And if you click on that takes you to all the main projects of wiki tree. And global project is listed there. So that's, it's two ways you can find us. And from this page, global project basically is divided into two sections. We have one section that is all of the countries of the world. We have 199 of them they are not all up and active yet. But we have about 75 active countries now, I think some somewhere around there. And then we have what are called the worldwide projects. And we have three projects there, two of them have been around a while. We have the first responders and remember the children first responders covers. Obviously first responders but from around the world. And remember the children focuses on children who died before adulthood. And now we have a brand new one that just started this past month and that's called the died at sea project. And that is for anybody that died at sea in any capacity. So it's shipwrecks, it's people who maybe just got sick and died on a ship. You know, people that just went, went missing. It can be military people during wartime. It can just be private passengers. They're just anybody who died at sea and not on land of a particular country is covered by this project. What a wonderful way to memorialize those lives. It's a really, it's a really nice project that is taking off. We've got a we've got a lot of members. I don't know what the recent count was, but I'd say we've got about two dozen members. Yeah, look at 22 members within just a week or so. So it's excellent, really, really interesting project. We'll see we'll see where that goes. So we've got those three projects and then all the other country projects are on a separate length. You click on country projects right there and you will get an alphabetized list of every country of the world. And there's there's basically three. No, actually, there's actually four levels right now, I would say. So we've got our top tier projects that have been around forever. And those are always all stay intact. Global project doesn't doesn't oversee those. They run independently. There's 24 of those. We have our new projects that are managed. And I think we have about 25 of those now that are that have a manager coordinator. And our teams are actively being put together. We have another probably 30 countries that have pages, but nobody is managing those yet. We are still looking for coordinators. So if you're interested in coordinating a project, take a look at the list and see if there's a country you'd be interested in working on. And then we still have probably close to 100 countries that we have not yet created the pages for but we will, if you would like to oversee one of those countries or even just be a member of one of those countries, drop me a note and we'll move it to the top of the list. I'm getting through these pages about one or one or two a day. But I obviously don't work every single day. So probably averaging to about one a day we're adding. But I can move. I can move a country up to the top of the list if I know people are interested. So just drop me a note and let me know. And Jamaica, I'm gonna question here. Jamaica is up. It just opened up yesterday maybe maybe the day before. But yeah, Jamaica is there. There it is. Yep. Jamaica. Yeah. Now all of the countries that are overseen by the global project are gonna have the same format. So when I talk today about Andorra, and we go through the different pages, you'll find the the same pages on each of those. If if the country is not overseen by the global project, as I mentioned, the 24 top tier countries are not overseen by the global. So you'll still see whatever they had previously they still have. But the ones that we're setting up for global start out the same. Now, once you get a coordinator and a team put together, they're free to modify the pages however they like. So the teams or the the the individual country projects over time are each gonna head their own direction. And that's and that's that's what we want. But to start out, we're starting out with the same template for each each page. And if you do decide to become a a coordinator, realize that we are gonna give you a a completed page to start out with, you don't have to design a page. And I think that's a that's been a deterrent for a lot of people is they don't know where to begin. So we will we will begin for you. And then you just step in and take over instead of what they call turnkey, a turnkey web page. Okay, so let's take a look at Bendora, we've got a lot of material that I want to cover today. So we're gonna go through this a little bit quickly. So when you when you go to the home page, you're gonna find just some basic information if we can scroll down a little bit, we've got our mission statement, the goals of the project. We have other resources there basically just says go up to the top and click on the resources page. But yeah, you've got a resources page. And then the basic information it's got they list our our leaders. There we see Mark Lemon is the is the coordinator of the Amdora project. And the steps to you know, to fight our G to G post and steps on how to become a member. So this is just as real basic on this first page. And again, you'll see this on every every country when you click on it, you're going to see basically the same thing here. So if we go to the second page, which is where we started to get the real good information about the country. This page is intended to be a real basic primer for somebody that wants to do do research in Andorra. This is not intended to be a thesis on the country. It is simply a guide to give you some hints of what you need to know and where to go for more information about it. So for example, we have the location here tells you where where it's located, followed by the administrative divisions. And that we're going to talk about today a little bit. Knowing how a country is divided into administrative divisions is important. And what I mean by that are counties, towns, cities, whatever whatever, whatever they call them provinces, just like in the United States, for those of you that are American, I don't know the breakdown of our audience right now, but the records are found in the counties. So if you know your ancestor was born in the United States, that doesn't do you a whole lot of good. As far as finding records, you need to know what county and ideally what town or city they were born in. So this tells you and it's surprising a country as small as Andorra, they have seven parishes they call them. And you need to know what parish your ancestor came from in order to find the records, particularly in some of the countries that are less non Western countries that are less advanced as far as their paperwork and their record keeping, you're likely going to find most of your records not in the government offices, but in the church records. And if you don't know what tiny town your ancestors came from, you're not going to know what church to look at. And that's what we're going to talk about today. And when we're done talking about Andorra, I'm going to talk about how to find your ancestors hometown in the foreign country. We'll give you some resources on how to do that. I give a little bit of history here.  They don't know for sure because it goes so far back that the records aren't clear. But the belief is that Andorra was created by Charlemagne. He had awarded it to the bishop of, I'm going to pronounce it Ergal, but I'm not sure about that pronunciation, but the bishop of Ergal was, I'm sorry, it was the count of Ergal initially that he awarded it to. The count sold it to the Catholic Church, and the bishop of Ergal became the leader of Andorra. And this was, I'm sorry, are we in here? Okay. So the bishop of Ergal was the the leader until about 1200, I guess I'm looking here, 1278 or so. The Muslims had come in and populated the Iberian Peninsula, which is Spain and Portugal. And that was a problem for Charlemagne being a Christian in France. So there was some conflicts there. And Andorra was created basically as a buffer between the Muslims and the Christians. So in so doing, they created a co-principality and named the King of France, this was after Charlemagne's time, but the King of France became a co-prince along with the bishop of Ergal. And that structure has stayed in place ever since. So we have now a co-principality there. The two princes of Andorra are the bishop of Ergal and the president of France. That's a very interesting thing because the president of France, who most people don't realize, is also the prince of Ergal, is an elected official. So it changes every time there's an election in France, they get a new prince. He's the only elected prince in the world. What's interesting about that though is he's not elected by the Andorran people, he's elected by the French people. So the Andorrans don't get to vote for their prince, France votes for their prince. Wow, how irregular. Just a very unusual set of there. Now in the 90s, they've made some changes and the princes have, the two princes are still in place, but they are, they have a little bit less authority than they did and they created a stronger central government in Andorra. That's a very unusual, in fact it's completely unique. It's the only country in the world with two monarchs and the only country that with an elected monarch and the only country with an elected monarch that's elected by another country rather than its own citizens. So now the prince, the bishop of Ergal obviously is appointed by the pope. So he too is not selected by the Andorran people, he's selected by the leader of Vatican City. So in a sense they're both princes are picked by other countries. So interesting. Now let's scroll a little bit more, show what the rest of this page and then I'll talk about one of the monarchs of Andorra. Let's first just look here real quickly for people that are we have a we have a section on the ethnicities that you'll encounter, the languages that that that are going to be spoken in the country that you're looking at. The Andorran people are believed to be very closely related to the Catalan people of Spain and they share a common language. They likely were at one time the same people until they broke off into their own into their own section. So you're going to have that and then also we talk about the religions. So these are important for you to know. You need to know for example with Andorra that it is a a Christian country so you're going to be looking in Christian churches but there are also Muslims, there are Hindus, there are Jewish people in Andorra so you can't assume that because Andorra is a primarily Christian it's 88% Christian but you can't assume that your ancestors were Christian and what we're pointing out here is basically clues for further research. We're not answering the questions for you but we're giving you clues and then links as you see there religion. It'll say see also at the bottom there. Click on that it'll take you over to a Wikipedia page or some other page that talks about the religious history in that country. So anyway that's kind of a summary of what you're going to find on the first page. Right David I have to say I really love this section on the Catalan alphabet and how you give some guidance on on the special characters that we're not accustomed to in English. So this so this was put in place by Mark Lemon. I don't get credit for this but this is exactly what I point out if you decide to take on a country project this is the kind of stuff you can add in there. I you know I'm I'm limited in time as to how much I can put into each of these countries when I set them up but my hope is that the teams will jump in and add all kinds of this stuff that you know that I'm not able to. So this yeah this is really really wonderful stuff and if you check out Mark's briefs page he's got the same kind of set up there lots of information that he's put in that I you know that I did not and also you've got at the very bottom here just a real brief statement on naming conventions. Some of our country projects have more elaborate descriptions. Some of them are simpler. So the Endorans generally find the cat follow the Catalan Spanish naming customs. So if you understand Spanish naming customs you'll be able to follow the Endoran customs but that's that's important because you need to understand that not all countries have surnames like we do in the west. Spanish names Latin American names you know often carry the mother's name as well as the father's name forward. You know we've got Asian countries that put the the surname first and the given name second. You've got some countries particularly when you get into Africa and some of the more recently developing countries they don't even use last names up until you know the last couple of decades. So a lot of Arabic names are that way they don't have surnames they just they do the patronymic system like the Scandinavians do but it's not it's not necessarily the same patronymic system but it's father's name surnames aren't handed down father's names are handed down. So there's a lot of different ways that countries do do their naming and so we've just put a little blurb here to give you a hint as to as to what you're looking for and then again you can click on that link where it says see also Catalan names and that will take you to a page that gives you a whole lot more detail if that's the topic you're interested in. Okay so we head on over to the notable section. So tab number two is our notables and if you scroll down there I'm going to take you just down this so we list the Prime Minister and presidents of each country. Here we have the co-princes which is the well the Prime Minister and then the Bishop of Ergo and the President of France. So we've got links to them and then there's an interesting story about one monarch scrolling down just a little bit further. So the Andorran monarchy was very short-lived. This is King Boris the first. King Boris the first showed up in 1933 in Andorra with papers showing that he had been sent over from Russian officials who had declared him the king and rather than verify the paperwork the Andorrans just accepted it as fact and made him king and he was king for a very brief I'm not sure I have it well it's on his page but very quickly they found out he was a fraud yeah and he was arrested and spent most of the rest of his life in prison but now I don't have the dates there either but it was only a matter of weeks I believe but the Andorran people did declare him their king and he is officially listed as the one king of Andorra even though it was completely completely fake so an interesting story there so for the sake of time we're gonna we're gonna skip going over all the Andorra notables there are a few listed here well the Andorran of course they have a national anthem I would love to show you them you always pick such interesting notables David I mean yeah that's one of them that's one of the most fun parts of putting this together is finding the finding the people some of these countries like Andorra it's find a little hard to find you know a half dozen famous people they don't have one thing um Andorra's population is about 70,000 right now but um in 1900 their population was 5,000 people so they've grown quite a bit over the the century but um with only 5,000 people there weren't a lot of famous celebrities amongst those 5,000 so finding people from history that were um you know of enough notability to include was was a challenge and now again Mark has added some to here so you found more than I did but um anyway so um real quickly let's just show the resource page of course and then we'll move on to that a lot of these notables are not connected yeah opportunities for connectathon the opportunities are there and if you have Spanish or French experience um a lot of these families you know migrated out of Andorra for job purposes etc and we'll find them connected to to not only Spain and France but other countries in Europe as well as probably the United States because we've got people from everywhere here finally the um resources page just real quickly um and then we're going to move into today's today's topic every um every country has a resources page we've got the wikipedia link family search resources um ancestry doesn't have any Andorran resources right now but they may later on so we want to check that periodically we've got cindy's list world gen web uh library of congress they don't have an Andorra project but they do have a european reading room that likely has Andorran resources and so far without fail i have found an online archives and library for every country i've looked at so you can go to the national archives and um i have actually written emails to a couple of these um not Andorra but some of the other archives and libraries and i've gotten prompt responses so don't be afraid if you're looking at a country that maybe is as i said genealogically obscure don't be afraid to contact the archives and libraries directly and ask them what they can do you'd be surprised at the records that they do have that just aren't online you know every country is going to be different but um i've gotten some very prompt responses from a couple of these archives okay so today um what we're going to talk about for the second half is um one as i mentioned earlier in order to do research in a foreign country and when i say foreign country i mean that country other than the one you live in um we have to um you need to know the the district that they live in if not the specific town ideally you want to know the specific town or community that they that your ancestors came from and we don't always have that information right off hand so we're going to talk about over the next couple sessions ways to find your ancestors hometown and today we're going to talk about using immigration and naturalization records and there's a few that um those of you that are more experienced with genealogy are probably familiar with but i've got a couple that you may not be as familiar with so we're going to go through these hopefully um we've got enough time here but i'm going to start let's switch over to um let me present here okay so we are going to look at to start out with we're going to look at ship's passenger list um nope they're backwards here all right these are not coming in order so let me find i i don't see do you have to click present yeah i'm fine trying to find the okay there it is oh sometimes i'm trying to find the right page first they were not they're not showing up in the order that i thought they were but here it is okay oh oh did we work did that yep so now i'm going to add you to the stage okay it's this one isn't showing up so where are we at with now you see anything i i see you can look on the screen you'll see we just see uh jpeg yeah i don't know why that happened but if you click on another tab and then up at the top it will say switch to this tab and you can just click on it and we'll see that tab okay so let's go share this tab instead let's say okay so we're going to skip over that okay so you recognize this person so this is Desi Arnaz Ricky Ricardo um he is as most of us know is from Cuba so right here we have his passenger list and let's see if i can scroll in a little bit now first thing we have to realize is that he didn't go by Desi Arnaz at the time it's a little blurry um um and i cannot read it exactly but um we've got his original name and again it's blurry so i can't see what the first name is again is Deso Serio something anyway you have to switch the tab because we're still seeing the photo oh so there we go great there you go i'm sorry okay so um so we've got his original name here which again it's blurry and i can't read it so um we're just gonna move on from there it says he was a student he spoke Spanish he was Cuban and if we go here it says he was born in Santiago de Cuba so we now have his um his place of birth so a passenger list is um often a great way to find a place of birth i'm going to show you a second one here um let's see if i can do this a little more smoothly second passenger list we have to click a couple times it looks like is that showing up yeah we see a photo of is it Olivia Newton John that is Olivia Newton John so this is um you know she was not American she was um born in England and she immigrated to Australia but uh the same um same situation with with the passenger list here we have um switch it over a lot of switching here there you go okay um right here Olivia Newton John four years old um with her family and let's see if i can scoot it over here yeah i see her are we seeing it oh we're seeing it um i mean well unfortunately did she come over with family because i see dough here we go yes i'm sorry i'm still learning this okay so there you can see we've scooted over a little bit but there at the top it says 343 Hills Road Cambridge so that's where they came from her father was a lecturer um mother housewife and the children but again we've got their home address from England and the passenger list this is her arrival at age four in Australia and um flow uh from the chat gave a really good suggestion to categorize uh passenger lists either by arrival or by ship name i love that idea you have to do that thank you flow yeah so that would be the first place if you're looking for your ancestors is to uh find their um find their passenger list now Betsy i forgot that we were going to show um the sorcerer tool sure do that real quickly yeah absolutely um so i i'm just going to use my family as as um um examples um starting with my dad um who was born in Taiwan and came over to the United States in uh the early 1950s so um i i pinned my my sorcerer uh extension because i use it all the time and um i know you can't see my pull down menu but i'm just going to search for ancestry um and oh i see wait a minute um interesting um now i'm having some difficulty there okay so there are all the results for for my dad on ancestry um but since we're specifically interested in um immigration look over here on the left hand side and that's going to narrow it down so i'm just going to click on immigration and immigration and then it narrows things down so that it gives you um now i can see that um these first these first two of course i can see his birthday which i know um these are definitely him um this must have been um i i'm not sure what what was going on my my dad actually left me an index card i i'm sure he didn't know i was going to uh be involved in family history but i found in his records an index card with a timeline from when he arrived in the united states and where he was over that sort of first 10 year period it's just just such a gift um too but um so this is not his initial and entry but you can see you get the uh the passenger list here um using um it's his nationality formoso which was the former name of taiwan um he was 35 and um and that he flew flew in on p a a whatever and the flight number so um we have that um and then if i go to my grandmother my maternal grandmother who um grew up in bristol um and we do a similar sort of search we're going to search ancestry here and um again uh do emigration and emigration um there i can i can see and the nice thing about some of these records um is that it will give a connecting person on the other end like who who is your person from where you're coming from so here it says um says one of these it gives her father's name um versus um who is your connecting person in the uh in your destination country so um that those can be very very valuable hints um now as we all know you can also search family search um from with sorcerer but um neither david or i know how to how to filter by collection but i will show you let me quickly go on over to to family search and if someone in the in the chat knows how to do that um we would we would love to know so if i search and i do records and then what i can do let me browse all collections and now over here on the right i can filter for migration and naturalization and then go from there um you might want to narrow this a little bit so you're still seeing 301 collections um so you might want to and you can narrow it down say you want to do um someone who if you know your ancestor specifically migrated to british columbia then boom i'm down to one collection so and then you could click on that and then search for your person within this specific record so okay so so so to summarize on that we um you know as we're going through these records some of you that are are newer to researching you know maybe asking yourself well where do i find the records um that's a really cool tool that we have at wikitree the sorcerers um the sorcerer app which you do need to download but once you download it um you just go to your ancestor's profile click on the source or tool and then pick which site you want to go to family search ancestry fold three there's there's probably a dozen or so different sites you can choose from and it'll take you right to that search page now you can actually go to the ancestry family search and search from there as well if you're familiar without to do that right but it's kind of a shortcut to go directly from your ancestor's wikitree profile over to the search page um of whichever site they know you're interested in so um what ian is saying here is a really good idea um if you say you find the record initially in ancestry see if you can find it in family search since that's a free collection yes family search is free yeah and um they have a lot of overlapping records but they also family search and ancestry do but they also have a lot of records that the other the other doesn't so yeah often find things that you can't find um find things on one that you can't find on the other right um okay so um so the next group of records ship passenger lists are pretty much global it doesn't matter where the ship was going to and from you're going to have a passenger list the rest of these are going to be more um american centric and that's um primarily because that's what i know um i don't um know all the immigration rules for the various countries of the world but i do know american but i imagine that most countries are going to have something really very similar so passports and um citizenship um documents you're gonna need to do some research if you're not american you're gonna need to do some research as to what documents your country has but again i'm i'm i'm gonna assume that most um most countries particularly western countries but i'm gonna guess in in modern times um being you know 1900 and forward you're gonna find similar records in just about every country every country has their own immigration records and and rules so um do a little bit of research and uh see what you can find but we're gonna talk about the american immigration process and we're gonna start with some records that i don't think most people are aware of and those are called um alien registration forms and let me see if i can now switch over um back to me for sharing there okay do we have it uh yes we're seeing uh um seeing a photograph on a it's on a on a form on a form okay does anybody know who this is you can real quickly um post it because i'm i'm gonna tell you just about marly husband is bob marley yep that's bob marley's alien immigration form wow now these are not readily available to my knowledge on um ancestry and um family search etc uh there may be some but i haven't found them um but they are available through the u.s government so you can um file what's called a freedom of information app and get an alien registration form now an alien registration form is where somebody who came to the united states lived in the united states but um was not a citizen so this has nothing to do with citizenship this has to do with people who are citizens of other countries that are either visiting or um um staying in in the united states for a lengthy period of time now bob marley is an interesting one because he um came over a couple times and he was deported a couple times and in his file you can as i said you can file a freedom of information act i'm not going to talk about how that's done here because it's a lengthy process that you can google how to file a freedom of information you send that to the government and then um they will send you the complete immigration file the file um for bob marley is online if you google bob marley um alien registration form you can you can see there's actually a couple sites that have it but not only i've only put this page up here gives a cool photograph um gives a little bit of information but he had to go into the embassy and defend himself as to why he was overstaying his visa the reason was because he had cancer in his toe and he was having surgery and the doctors um needed him to to stay in order to complete whatever process he was going through so he had to go into the embassy and sit down for an interview and they asked him all kinds of questions about his background where he was born what he did for a living their their question was their their suspicion was that he was here to make money as a musician and um not for his medical treatment that he was using that as a ruse so there's a lot of in-depth questions of have you performed at any nightclubs or at any at any um private events have you um you know what what have you been doing since you've been in the united states and it gives a lot of um inadvertently it gives a lot of genealogical information so um it's really kind of cool it also gives um his complete medical records so you can get that um and you do not have to be a relative of the person to get it these are these are government documents and they are open to the public under the freedom of information act so um read about how to do that if you're interested if you have an ancestor who was here it was not an american citizen um you know see if you can find their their file and uh you'd be surprised at how much information is there so that's another place to find out um a birthplace which is what we're talking about today how to find the town and um now this page here doesn't say where he was born but it does say that he interviewed at the american embassy in kingston jamaica so um for this particular page later on he's interviewing in the united states but um his initial passport was from uh kingston so we know at least he was in kingston at some point whether he was born there or not we don't know um from this document um okay so um okay for some reason some of my photos are not coming up so we'll just go with here so when a when an individual wanted to become a citizen they had to file a declaration of intention they had to do that um and then after filing that they had to wait at least three years before they could become a citizen and they had to show in that three years that they were a good member of a solid member of the community they had to be in the united states for five years but they had to be um and and five years from coming to united states in at least three years from filing the declaration of intention these are fantastic documents to get information about your um your immigrant um this is for dr albert einstein one of the coolest things about him is that they always include a photograph switch the tab oh i'm sorry it's okay there we go now we do that okay so they always include a photograph well not always but the more recent ones in the early days they didn't have photography obviously but um moving into the 1900s you're going to find a photograph and for some of us we've never seen a photograph of our ancestors we don't have any if you can find a declaration of intention you'll be able to get a photograph of your of your ancestor um this is actually a fairly nice photograph sometimes they're really the photocopies are really dark and obscure but um it's worth a try so if we go up to the top of the page here we're going to see dr albert einstein uh lou gin in princeton new jersey professor age 56 male um white with fair complexion brown hair brown eyes gray hair stood five foot seven weighed 175 pounds that's all really cool information to have about your ancestor um he's hebrew or jewish german nationality and right here i was born in olm germany on march 14th 1879 so there we've got his hometown and we can now go to germany and look for his records in germany um an added benefit of this page is the second section says the name of my wife was elsa we were married april 6 1917 in berlin she was born at hechinge germany i don't know if i'm saying that right uh january 18th 1877 so you also have his wife's place of birth so if you have a female ancestor that you're looking for um if you're looking for her place of birth look for her husband's naturalization records i say look for her husbands because up until the 1920s i believe women did not typically file for their own citizenship they were um granted citizenship based on their husband's citizenship so if dr einstein became a citizen then mrs einstein also became a citizen what um that's it i were talking about this a little earlier but a lot of people don't realize is that women could also lose their lose their citizenship by marrying somebody who wasn't american citizen so if you had an american born woman who was a citizen and she married a german who was not a citizen she lost her american citizenship um yeah many people don't realize that now that wasn't for women back then that wasn't a huge ordeal because women couldn't vote and therefore there wasn't a lot of reason to be a citizen um but symbolically um you know it's just interesting that they um that that's something i'd never heard of before um and one more thing they have here at um the place of residence of each of my children um albert was born in 1905 and edward was born in 1910 both were born and reside in switzerland so if you're looking for their records in germany you're not going to find them they're going to be in switzerland so that may be something you know you didn't realize about your family is that they some at some point in between lived in a in a separate country and in fact if you scroll down a little bit further my last foreign residence was bermuda great britain bermuda was a british colony so they actually lived in bermuda before they came to the united states and you may find records in bermuda so and when how long they were there and what events happened in their life so you've got um four countries germany switzerland bermuda and the united states where you can be looking for records just just looking at this record makes me want to make a timeline which is so helpful when you're researching a person's life of just like you know where they were at different dates and not only locations but significant family events and it really helps you piece together the context i use timelines all the time and they are they're really really helpful for finding all not only where they were at various points but where the gaps are yeah um you know how did they get from one place to the other what happened in between and those kinds of questions um so this is again this is called the declaration of intention this is a um a for the purpose of telling the united states that i am wishing to become a citizen they had to be here for at least three years after filing this declaration before they could get citizenship it expired in seven years not everybody followed through and became a citizen afterwards or they may have became a citizen 10 20 years later they'd have to file a second declaration of intention so keep that in mind um the next document the next document here is called the um my screen shrug here okay this is called the oh i'm sorry this is the petition for naturalization so this is the form that they signed five years later when they wanted to become a um a citizen i switched off my tab here so just one second oh we see it yeah you see it but i wasn't able to um okay um okay so um this is going to have a lot of the same information so um i wouldn't say that one of these forms is any better than the other as far as electing genealogical information it is written five years or so later so there may be changes or there may be information that they they spell out differently um you can see um on line three here again born in olme germany um living in trint new jersey at this point he's a widower so there's information we didn't have before we now know that his wife elsa had passed away he doesn't um he doesn't give a date for that but we know a time frame as she was living at the time of the declaration and um deceased by the time of his petition oh here it says she was deceased for two years so we have an approximate date would be two years before this um and david um we have we have a question in the chat um did you obtain these records on ancestry or where'd you everything that i've got here i got from ancestry except for the bob marley that was on a private website but these other documents were all available on um on ancestry and i used the sorcerer tool i went to albert einstein's page on on licky tree i clicked on the sorcerer and then i narrowed it by immigration naturalization records and this was the first thing that that popped up so it was real real quick took me five minutes to find these documents now there were a couple people that i searched for and i couldn't find them and there can be any number of reasons that it could be that the records don't exist for one reason or another it could be that ancestry just hasn't um you know recorded those one one thing to keep in mind about naturalization and naturalization records is a person could go to any court in the country and become naturalized so it could be there's records in federal court there's records in state court there's records in county courts so um you know ancestry family search have not um digitized all of the naturalization records so they could still be out there the trick is is to figure out what court and if you know where they were in living in the united states try the local courts and see um you know the local courthouse and see if they've got the naturalization records you're just going to have to search for them if they're not online but again this is going to give you pretty much the same information um and so if you ever hear the terms first papers and second papers the declaration of intention were known as first papers the petition for naturalization were known as second papers so you'll you'll see that sometimes on census records sometimes it'll say first papers second papers that means they're in the process of being um naturalized but they haven't um they haven't received their certificate yet the third document that they will get is their certificate of naturalization that typically is not going to have genealogical information on it that is simply a um certificate that they could take home and frame and show you know hey yes i'm a i'm a us citizen but it's not i'm going to have the information that the forms have on them um david i have a question is there a uh sort of statute of limitations of a bit availability of these records um you know i don't know that and i was wondering that myself um i'm not sure if there are privacy guidelines on um on them or what they are they're not as long as census records because we've got some of these here that were um let's see what the date is on this this is 1935 um yeah i'm i'm not sure i was wondering that same question yeah because i i i have my dad's certificate of naturalization because he had it and it was amongst his papers but um i haven't i haven't seen his declaration of intention or his petition that would show here's a here's a piece of information that most people don't realize a lot of um a lot of documents that are currently sealed you can still access if you are if they are if they pertain to you or if they pertain to your direct ancestor like a parent or grandparent so for example the the census records 1960 1970 1980 you can access the information about your family on those it's a long process and they um they give you very limited they redact a lot of information um but it might be enough to find out what town they lived in yeah or a particular family member that you may not know was there i've never done it so i don't know what's available but i would imagine um you might be able with the freedom of information act get your father's naturalization records um you can't just do it with anybody you're gonna have to prove a direct connection and i don't know specifically what the rules are for naturalization but it's worth a try if you're you know if you're stuck yeah um you know see what see what the rules are just google it see if you find out what what the regulations are because the cool thing for me is i was there when my dad became a citizen oh wow i was five years old and they allowed me to walk up to the to the judge with him so i i mean that's a that's a indelible memory for me so yeah that's that that's actually very cool um so this last one here um is i'm gonna pull it up here in just a moment but this is um kenneth row now most people probably don't know who kenneth row is i'm gonna start with a little picture if it'll show up there is a picture showing yes you see in the picture okay so this is kenneth row kenneth row was a north korean and he uh he was an air force pilot in north korea this was during the the korean war uh prior to there actually being in a formal north and south korea but um he uh defected he it was very famous at the time he defected to south korea and eventually moved to the united states and became an american citizen the reason i chose to show his is because um north korea is one people people have mentioned this several times that we are never going to find information from north korean records because you know obviously they're a closed society but you can still find stuff on north korean um ancestors or other individuals it's just um take some creativity but there are records available and here's an example if you have um north korean ancestors that left the country and came to america let me pull up his um i didn't find his petition for naturalization one of the things was he changed his name three times he was um he had a uh korean name he then had a japanese name and then he had an american name his final american name was kenneth row but this um this document is his wife's naturalization record so this is a a woman who actually became a naturalized naturalized citizen on her own um what's interesting about this pull it up again here okay so um clara row she she had married um she had married him at this point it says right here she was born september 20th 1934 in k-sung kim gido korea so although she was born in north korea we're able to find a record of the town she was born in um she did not file a declaration of intention and at first i wasn't quite sure on that but why that was but it says um somewhere on here i'm looking for it like down below well i'm not seeing it but there's somewhere on here it says that she was um excused from doing that well the reason was because she was a married to an american she didn't have to um she didn't have to file a declaration of intention so so the my point with that is when you're um when you're looking for these records it doesn't matter where it's naturalization or anything else you need to understand the laws that go um that surround these records because you don't want to spend a whole lot of time looking for a declaration of of intention on someone who never filed one and if you realize that uh women who married american citizens could go directly to the naturalization and skip that point you're not going to waste a whole lot of time looking for a document that doesn't exist so make sure you understand what the rules are at the time period the rules changed over time so um what was the time period what were the rules at the period of time and in the place whether it's in the united states or another country what what were the rules for naturalization and what documents would be created by understanding that before you do your search you'll save yourself a lot of time looking for things that don't exist um another thing to point out here and um i'm not wearing my glasses today so it's a little blurry and i'm having a little trouble finding a piece of information that i wanted um now this is not the document that i was that i'm referring to so let me tell you two other documents that um oh that you want to be aware of first up we talked about ship passenger list airline passenger lists are also available on ancestry and family search so if your ancestors came more recently and they flew into the united states you can still find um airline manifests listing the passengers on the airline so um just like ship's passenger list you can find the airline passenger list not all of them but but many of them um the other thing is some people crossed into the united states by foot either in canada through via canada or mexico even people who are not mexican often flew to mexico and then crossed into the united states from mexico and there are border crossing registers available as well on both family search and ancestry so if your ancestor came across the border whether they were from mexico and and or canada or whether they stopped in mexico or canada on their way to the united states if they crossed the border into the united states there will be um there will be records of that and that's not only for um their initial immigration if they went back and forth you know i run the notables project and we have a lot of actors and actresses who travel into canada to perform um and then eat down to mexico to perform or for other business even justification a lot of times you can find um those records and the other thing that i did not um pull up a an example of our passports so if you have ancestors who just traveled that they went on a on a trip to your migrate grandmother and her sister took a tour of the world in the 1950s and um i have copies of both their uh passports that i got up ancestry dot com and those also have a place of birth listed so um and possibly a photo and a photo all yeah um if they're you know into the early to late 1900s you're going to have a photograph on them so that's again that's a it's a great way if you don't have a picture of somebody look for passports look for naturalization records and um if it was i'd say 1920 forward or so i'm just guessing at a date there but you're going to find um photographs and that's and that's pretty cool all right so that kind of wraps up um naturalization immigration records next time we're going to continue let me close this out here um next time we're going to talk about some other records that you can find your your ancestors place of birth there's there's a slew of records that potentially will have that information and so we'll go over some non-immigration and immigration naturalization is where you want to start if you can find those um you know you're gonna you you're gonna be in a good place with with that but um if you can't find those records again maybe they're they don't exist and maybe they just haven't been digitized yet if you can't find those records um i've probably got a dozen other places you can look so we're going to talk about that um that next time and we'll also have another country that will preview i don't know what it is yet but um if anybody has a as a recommendation i'm happy to hear them and also i i want to um mention two more things if um betsey if you could put the link to the globetrotters in uh yes i can so we have the connectors challenge coming up in mid april i think it's the 12th yes all through 15th okay um but we're taking signups now if you go to g2g there is a connectors challenge sign up each team has its own um its own post there so if you scroll down to globetrotters we'd love to have you on our team if not pick another team but it would be great if you could participate and um globetrotters you do not have to work on a foreign country you can work on anybody you want so if you are live in a country that you're comfortable researching go ahead and join the united states england sweden all those countries that have teams you're free to join those um but if you want to join the uh the globetrotters we welcome you as well and um there was um yeah this is our globetrotters page you can go there you can read a little bit about us we came in first place last last year it's our last january so um we're going to try to do that again that um vetsy has a vetsy has a team of newbies coming up i know so sadly yeah i won't be able to join you but but um i think they may they may wind up being the those newbies can be quite um enthusiastic so i'm i'm they may be our biggest challenge but um and last and last month was our only our second um our last uh connectathon it was our second challenge our first connectors challenge so to come in first place was was pretty cool um and then the one last thing i want to mention is that if you are interested again in either being a member or a coordinator for one of the countries just drop me a note and we can get you set up every country of the world is ultimately going to have a page but i can speed up the process if there's a country that you're particularly interested in again not just as a as a coordinator but even if you just want to be a member we can get those pages up and going so um i don't see any other questions here so i thank everybody for coming and um we will be we're the third the third monday of the month i don't know what the date is next month okay for april 22nd same April 22nd okay same time um and we will be here with a new country and a lot more documents to show you so again thank you thank you betsey thank you everybody for coming thanks okay bye


the President of the United States. Thank you very much. Please. I'm not only late, but we're going to have problems. I know that I'm going to have a chance to say hello to you individually. When we get out of here and go out the door and have some pictures taken, I see so many familiar faces out here, and I just want to en masse say thank you to you for what you're doing. Jack Hume had an idea, and now Lou Lerman is a part of that idea, and now you're all part of the idea, and it's one that is very much needed. There's no question but that we have great difficulty getting our story of things that we're doing widespread and out to the people. I have come to view myself when I'm making speeches, and they're covered by the national TV press, for example. I see myself standing up there. I hear myself say about four words that are innocuous and contain no message at all, and then while I'm still silently speaking, I hear the commentator's voice over telling the people what he thinks I said. And we've got a message, and I'm just going to take a little while, so a few minutes here. We have a lot of things in which there is just total misperception on the part of the people of what it is that we're doing, and we're having great difficulty as they hear the drum beat the other way, getting it out. One that I could name is the matter of civil rights, and we're supposed to have a terrible negative record in that field. Well, if you look at what we've actually done, and before that what it did in California and the administration there, you find out that not very many, if any, administrations prior to this one have done as much, or accomplished as much as we have done. And you women, and I'm glad to see you here, the same thing holds true with regard to what we're doing in that area. And again, we have a story to tell, and it is completely opposite of the misperception that exists. And not only is it a matter of the appointments that we've made and all, the fact that we have gotten as faith as in charge of this, of an operation where in every one of the 50 states, we persuaded the governors to appoint someone to do what we did in California, and that is to comb through the statutes and the regulations and find out where there are evidences of discrimination in those and then get them changed. We had 14 laws changed in California. Well, we're now doing this at the national level, and we have a big stack of computer readouts that have come back to us from the Justice Department. The only assignment we gave them was comb the laws, comb the regulations, and find any evidences in any of them where there is discrimination on the basis of sex. And now we're going to, we're now studying to find where can we solve those by administrative efforts or where will it require legislation for the Congress, and we will present the legislation as we find out all of these areas to correct it. The same is true of the economy. I heard a Democratic congressman in the air the other night, and he stood there and said that Paul Volcker had reduced inflation and I had raised the deficit. I've told someone, maybe some of you already, that I know and I'm confident that our economic program is working because the Democrats aren't calling it Reaganomics anymore. But the incidentally, if someone hasn't told you for the last 12 months, the inflation rate has been running at 2.6%. What we need, and we need it in a bipartisan way, we need people like yourselves, and Jack's idea was in every congressional district, people who can be involved in speaking under and in demand of service clubs, people who can get attention and so forth, who can call attention to what we are actually achieving and what we've done so far and what we are doing here in this administration. Now I'm not going to go on talking about that any more solo because as I have often said, you must have sometimes put the paper down and said if I had a chance I'd ask him and go ahead. Let's have some question and answer. If you've got some questions, fire away. I'll have to watch the clock so that we allow enough time for the picture taking at the door. President, with the inflation rate at 2.6%, that's an admirable record and interest rates elevating in today's market. The true rate of interest is the highest it's ever been in this country. It's probably now 9%, 10%. You hear people like Alan Greenspan say, nobody in the government, Congress or administration will tackle this problem until after the 1984 election. You're absolutely right in what you're trying to accomplish and the Congress will not take any steps, make any moves to resolve this issue. It would seem to me that if you took this to the American public as you have done before and say we've got this deficit, we've got to get rid of it, the only way we can do it is to cut these social welfare programs. I believe that you'd get the support. Well, this, let me just tell you, and what we've done with all of our economic program, we never have gotten all that we asked for. If we had, the deficit right now would be $40 billion less than it is. That's how much of the spending cuts we asked we didn't get. Now, we're going to continue on that line and now it is left to me, I think, with a veto pin. And you might be interested to know that from the House of Representatives, I have a letter on my desk signed by 146 Democrat and Republican representatives. And in the letter are listed 11 spending areas in which they have pledged to me that if the appropriation bills come down with sizable increases over and above what we asked for for the 84 budget in those 11 areas and I veto, they will uphold, sustain my veto. And 146 is the number required to do that. Now, but you're right, again, people don't understand what has been going on and this is more of where we need the straight talk. I don't happen to be in complete agreement with Alan on some of the remarks he's made. There's a little volatility in the interest rates now that's made him fluctuate. I expect, and I know Don Regan does, that in the next few months they're going to begin to come down. I think what is keeping them up there is perception. Out there in the money market, they have seen that great surge of money and then the string pulled back in 1980 and they are not quite convinced yet that we're not going to go back to the recovery based on inflation which has been the pattern in seven previous recessions since World War II. So it is a perception they have kind of protecting themselves until they know that for sure inflation is down because now the interest rate has no justification on the basis of inflation to be where it is and I think that maybe a few of those vetoes might be the convincer that will help begin to bring those down. Say on a scale of 1 to 10, where is the likelihood of your candidacy? Where is the likelihood of your candidacy on a scale of 1 to 10? This is a question I can't answer or speculate on and let me just tell you why. If you look at it, there is no way to win.  I was just thinking I went down to Atlanta the other day to address the National Bar, the American Bar Association. Well everyone assumes that's a logical thing for a president to do but if I had indicated that I might be a candidate then the whole furor would be well shouldn't someone else other than the taxpayers pay for that trip was that a presidential task or was that a candidate's task? I'm going to wait till the last possible minute before I say anything. Do you think that we can see a flat tax in your agenda? Could we see a flat tax in the agenda? Let me answer that in a general sense and say I wouldn't rule that out or anything else out. I am convinced and we all are here but we also know that 1984 is not a year. That the legislature is going to look kindly on this. I think all of us are agreed. We've got to simplify the income tax. It's gotten to the point there's something immoral about telling people that they can be fined and they can go to jail and so forth for not making out their tax correctly but the government says that even it doesn't understand the rules well enough to advise them on how to make it out. It's the only thing in your life and mine which it is left to you to tell somebody how much you owe them and they can punish you if you don't guess right. So I think... Mr. President, do you see us coming to fixed exchange rates anytime in the near future and or a gold standard? We've had a commission studying on the gold idea. Their findings weren't very favorable to that. I know what you mean and I know my myself. I've lived long enough to remember when it was all just kind of guaranteed and laid out there for you. It was X amount of gold or X amount of silver that you could get for that piece of paper and I have wondered myself history shows that very few civilizations have ever been able to survive fiat money but I can't give you an answer on that on the fixed exchange rate. I know that President Mitterrand he wanted us to have another Bretton Woods conference. None of us at the Williamsburg Summit believed that that was the answer but we have agreed that we are going to and the ministerial level proceed with a joint study of what is the best way to meet this problem. Now I know that our allies and friends look at us because of the value of our dollar and yet I remember a few years ago in the previous administration when our dollar wasn't worth anything and compared to the other currencies and everyone was saying we must get the dollar back where it is. On the other hand when we get the dollar back where it is it hurts us with regard to the export market because we make everything of ours too high priced but all I can tell you is we are seriously writing herd on this subject we can't have these wide fluctuations that we have and maintain prosperity for all of us. Mr. President are you able to forecast what you see as a relationship to the United States to Cuba? A relationship with the United States to Cuba. I don't know whether Castro had ever agreed on my idea or not. But I believe this I know that they are in dire straits I know that they well they are literally panhandling on the Soviet Union and it's not in too good a shape itself economically but and they are totally at the command of the Soviet Union. We try to open negotiations very early in my administration or not negotiations try to open communications with him and got no place but I don't mean that doesn't mean we've forgotten this entirely about if we could make him see how much better life could be for all of the people in Cuba if he would sever his relations with the East and rejoin the family of American nations and once again become a western hemisphere nation like the rest and we are prepared to sit down with him at any time and point out these things. We've been a little encouraged by what just sailing a few ships south did with his public utterances but this is my goal and ambition and I know I'll be talking to Dela Madrid about this in the next several days when I meet with him and I've talked to others in the organization of American states and I don't think that it is impossible to bring this about because I think there's a limit to the Soviet Union's patience and I think there's a limit also to the Cubans living when Cuba, whose greatest asset was sugar and this last year has had to import sugar where it can't even provide for itself in the one thing that used to be its great export crop they have to be taking some second looks at what's going on there. One more question. Mr. President, if we fail to stop the Sandinistas and the Cubans in Central America, what do you feel will be the Soviets next move in this hemisphere? I believe that we have to believe what the Sandinista leaders themselves have said. First of all, their pledge in that revolution that this would be a democracy with all that goes with a democracy if they ousted the Somoza government was made in writing to the organization of American states in return for which the OAS persuaded Somoza to step down and let them take over. They have not kept that arrangement at all. They are a totalitarian government, as we know and I am convinced that we must continue the help that we are giving because their leaders have openly stated to our visiting congressmen who have gone down there are many who have gone down not agreeing with our policies but they have heard and come back here and come to me personally to tell me that they've changed their position because they've heard these leaders of the Sandinista government tell them that this isn't a revolution in one country that this is a revolution for all of Central America and would you believe it if I tell you that one of them is not a bottom of the line functionary? One of them said to them, don't be surprised if within the next 18 months you see us at the Arizona-Mexican border.  You may have answered my question just now but as representatives of Citizens for America if we were to return to our local news medias what would be the one point you would like us to reiterate again and again with respect to Central America? First of all, and the very reason for the appointment of the commission that we just appointed is that after decades, well, a century more our government, we're the big colossus of the north and I know the previous presidents have gone and said, well, here's a good neighbor policy or here's another policy and we've been very insensitive about our neighbors to the south with our background of gunboat diplomacy down there in a certain period of our history. It's been the United States, the big colossus coming in and saying here to all of you, here is a plan but, you know, it's a take it. It's sort of like Lyndon Johnson when he used to say come let us reason together. It's a passage from the Bible and he never added the second sentence in the verse which was and if thou refuse thou shalt be destroyed by the sword. So when I made my trip down there to every leader down there from Brazil where we started on and into Central America I told him one thing. I pointed out to them, I said look we're unique in all the world this hemisphere. I said we have this common heritage European heritage in which we came here into these wilderness continents and as pioneers and developed them and I said also from pole to pole from southern to the Arctic to the Arctic these two we worship the same God and this was the one I was surprised to realize there must be a resentment that we call ourselves Americans, understandably we don't go around saying I'm a United States but they have thought evidently that we kind of had seized that for ourselves and you should have seen the reaction when I said to them look again the unique thing when we cross the borders in north or south or central America into another country we're still among Americans we're all Americans here and the reaction was so amazing so I said to them look I don't come here with any plan I said what I'm coming here is to find out from you what are your thoughts and ideas and how can we as American countries here in this hemisphere as equal partners how can we come together so as to speed economic development to develop the resources that still are here in these great continents and be united in our determination to preserve a democratic free way of life and the response was very heartening and this is what I think that we should be telling we're not down there to make a war here is a country that has turned democratic that has held its election that got more than 80% of its people to vote and they voted under the threat from the gorillas of vote today and die tonight but they walked for miles the buses and the trucks had been destroyed and bombed and burned to keep them from getting to the polls we've had eye witnesses from our country our congress who saw a woman standing in the lines waiting hours to vote had been shot by the gorillas and would not leave the line to get medical treatment until she had voted so our message is we want not to be the big boss of the north we want to bring all of these countries into a kind of partnership we're retaining our own sovereignty and our own culture and all we can be allies in the sense that here from pole to pole we want democracy we want individual freedom and the human rights that we have come to expect in our own country and the only reason that we're trying to help militarily down there is this country's El Salvador which is now trying to become a democracy which is redistributed land but the farmers they've given the land to can't go out and farm it because it's a battleground they'll get shot if they go out there the people that have to be cared for by the government because their jobs are gone because of power plants that have been destroyed industries the infrastructure that has been wiped out by the gorillas so all we're saying is we want to help them provide a shield while they go forward with these economic and social reforms that they're not getting their head shot off while they're doing it and if they understand that that this isn't us we're not going into another Vietnam let me tell you one thing there isn't a country in Latin America that would hold still or ask for our actual military forces they very frankly tell us they must have our help they need our training they need our weapons and all of that but they proudly say our men we can do the job ourselves we need your help in providing the tools and if the people of America only understand it if they'll also only understand that we hear so much there's such a bias in the news that we hear every little violation of a human right that occurs on the part of the government in El Salvador we see our TV crews go up into the jungles and settle down with the gorillas and portray them as nice innocent people living out there under the sky and they just want their human rights and so forth but we don't hear anything or very much about the recent episode where they captured 45 El Salvadoran soldiers and they executed 34 of them the bodies have all been returned with the single bullet in the head and if Americans understand that it's that type of thing we're trying to stop and that what is going on down there is by way of Cuba, Soviet inspired there is no question about it they have boasted when they inaugurated the government of Nicaragua the Sandinista government they boasted that this was not only the beginning of a revolution but the first was that Nicaragua now was the first foothold of communism on the mainland of the Americas and the one other thing and I've talked too long here oh boy I say I have, I'm doing the dining room right now with another group let me just say here that the other thing that I think the people need to know is that the gorillas in Nicaragua whom we are trying to help, no question about it are actually were part of the revolution they were part of the Sandinista revolution but that element that was communist ousted them, some were exiled, some were imprisoned many of them they were just thrown out of the government and these gorillas are not there fighting only to restore what they thought they were fighting a revolution for and we're helping them thank you for what you're going to do and spread the word ladies and gentlemen I understand from the photographer's standpoint it's better to have the president on the stage and if you will come on to the stage this way come across shake hands with the president and then move