So, now that we have introduced concepts of finite group and also I said that they can all be these finite groups can all be subgroups of the symmetric group of n objects where it involves permutations of n objects which we call it a symmetric group of degree n. We are now in a position to look at how these applications are looked at in molecules which is composed of atoms and these molecules have certain symmetries this is what I was trying to say in the last class. I did start of saying that you can have configurations of atom in a molecule and you will have a symmetry axis. One of them is the conventional rotational axis and depending upon what symmetry you have if the configuration is such that it has a symmetry where by doing pi by 2 rotation you get back the same atom like one atom goes into the place of the other atom and it looks exactly similar to the earlier configuration then you will say that it has a 4 fold symmetry right 2 pi by n is the rotation. Settlier everybody is with me. So, this is also similar to your cyclic group which we were studying where you had a generator. Sometimes people use synonymously C n as an element and when they write the set for the C n group you write identity C n C n squared and go on till C n to the power of n minus 1. So, this is it is used as sometimes also as a generator ok. Besides the axis of symmetries of various rotational 2 pi by by n rotations you could also have planes of symmetry. One plane could be containing the symmetry axis and fold symmetry axis other plane could be perpendicular to the symmetry axis. Some of the notations which are followed are that sigma h is the plane which is perpendicular to the symmetry axis and sigma v is when it contains the symmetry axis not all molecules will have these symmetries ok. So, that also you should remember you have to look at the molecule and see what all the possible symmetries are there. If you do a sigma h if it goes into a configuration where atoms do not go into each other then it is not a symmetry of that molecule ok. So, you have to see what is the principal axis. So, the main axis of rotational symmetry with the higher value of n is what is called as a principal axis. So, you have to see what is the principal axis symmetry we saw this in the last class I showed you water molecule I showed you ammonia molecule you know look looking at it that the rotational axis has to be 3 fold for ammonia molecule where the axis has to pass through the nitrogen and similarly in the hydrogen in the water molecule the axis has to pass through the hydrogen and you have this sorry oxygen. So, that you have this rotation which is 180 degree rotation right. So, you can recall pictorially what is happening whatever I have been saying as a group theory tool with elements generators. Now, you can see it as an elementary operation or which you do in this configuration of atom which constitute a molecule. So, this is basically a rotor reflection. So, sometimes the molecule will not have a pure rotational axis it will not have a pure mirror plane symmetry, but you could do something like do a rotation and then a reflection and that combination may be a symmetry I will show you a couple of things. So, that you understand it is called rotor reflection and there could also be diagonal plane. So, let me just go again on this since it is. So, the mirror planes can be of types like one as I said mirror plane could be perpendicular to the principal axis of rotation ok and then there could be another mirror plane where you have the mirror plane being containing the axis of rotation. So, principal axis means the one whose rotation angle to pi by n the n fold axis n which is the maximum is what we call it as the principal axis. Sometimes you know you look at a molecule it will have a 2 fold axis symmetry it will have a 3 fold axis symmetry it will have a 4 fold axis symmetry. If you have that then the principal axis is only the 4 fold axis ok. So, others are all not the principal axis symmetry ok. And if the sigma v plane which you are going to consider contains that principal axis then you call it to be the notation is sigma subscript v and that is a plane of symmetry. For example, in these examples which I talked the principal axis is only the 2 fold axis rotation by 2 pi by 2 ok. If you look at this ammonia molecule you can see that the principal axis is a 2 pi by 3 rotation. So, here you have only one axis. So, it is not very you do not need to worry so much about principal axis, but if you see the cube ok. The cube has 4 fold axis rotation how many of them are there there will be 3 of them right. Along this axis if you do a rotation about this axis the cube remains the configuration remains the same, but there can be 3 axis right one this way and then the other face right. There could also be a 3 fold rotation axis. So, in this case you will say the principal axis is a 4 fold axis. If suppose the atoms are placed on a cube which constitutes a molecule which has this cubic symmetry then the principal axis of rotational symmetry for the molecule which has this cubic symmetry is 4 fold axis it is a notation. So, typically when we look at molecules we start looking at what are the basic axis of symmetry planes of symmetry for the molecule those are the elementary operations. It is exactly like generators of your group which we were studying and then you start composing all possibilities of these axis of symmetry and planes of symmetry and you start generating the finite set and they form a group ok. So, this is the group which is group symmetry associated with the molecule which is constituting that configuration of atoms for example, ammonia molecule ok. These notations as he said already these notations are important only when you have a principal axis of symmetry otherwise you just call it as a mirror plane signal ok. So, there are these additional mirror planes which is called diagonal mirror planes. If you have this dihedral group I said, but then we will see how to see the dihedral group in the molecular language in the molecular structure language and in those cases you can start seeing if there is a diagonal bisection which you find and then you start talking about diagonal mirror. So, we will see one or few examples so that you start understanding this notation ok. Just to say a few lines about roto reflection. Rotor reflection the symbol is S subscript n what it means is that rotate about an n fold axis that means, you do a 2 pi by n rotation followed by a reflection about the plane of the symmetry ok. So, the plane of the symmetry is perpendicular to the axis of rotation. What is that plane called? Sigma h ok. Sigma h if it is this is the axis of rotation the plane is perpendicular to the axis of rotation we call that plane to be a sigma h plane. Subscript 1 means you do no rotation you do not do rotation at all. So, you have an element rotation about n fold axis is identity operation and then you do a reflection about the plane which means it this element goes here below. Are you all with me? This is what is roto reflection S 1 it is nothing, but it is just the mirror symmetry right. S 1 is isomorphic to sigma h and sigma h is made of element identity and the mirror transformation. S 1 is what? It is a roto reflection roto reflection and this 1 denotes rotation by 2 pi by 1 which is 2 pi rotation and then you do a reflection on a plane which is perpendicular to the axis. Is that clear? And S 1 is nothing, but your just the mirror plane symmetry and that also forms a order to trivial group as I said generators are sometimes written as the group element also the group is also denoted by the generator like for example, C n you can write it as E C n C n squared this is the way of writing. So, let us look at S 2 what happens to S 2? S 2 you have to do a rotation by 2 pi by 2 which is 180 degree rotation right. You take this atom do a 180 degree rotation, but that is not roto reflection you have to do a reflection about this plane and you get this point. Is it clear to you from the picture? So, this is nothing, but your inversion group given an atom you have a by an inversion. Suppose you have a vector let us take a sphere. If you take a point here the point completely diametrically opposite to it can be seen as an inversion about the center right. You can see it as an inversion about the center. This is exactly what is happening this S 2 is a roto reflection with rotation by 180 degrees and then a reflection that symmetric group is isomorphic to an inversion group which is denoted as C subscript I do not confuse this I with n this is made of identity and an inversion. So, I squared is also E, but I is an inversion. So, given a vector R under inversion you go to minus R that is what is the inversion clear. So, the roto reflection symmetries are seen in some atoms and you have to remember that this is the this is also a two element group S 2 is not isomorphic to C 2. So, you have S 2 which involves inversion C 2 which involves pure rotations ok. So, there are a lot of distinctions which you have to see from these groups ok. So, now that I have given you some flavor of how the atoms can be distributed in a molecule which has some kind of a symmetry structure which you can call it as a molecular symmetry. We will start looking at from the group theory point of view what we studied earlier. The set of set containing elementary operations, elementary operations could be rotation about principle axis, it could be reflection about the principle the planes of symmetry ok. So, those are elementary operation and then you can also compose these elementary operations, you can do a rotation and then a reflection if reflection is also symmetry of the system. So, you start writing that set that is what I did for the water molecule right. So, when I took the water molecule I saw it has a C 2 symmetry, I saw it had a sigma v symmetry, C 2 is nothing, but identity and C 2, sigma v is nothing, but identity and sigma v. These are the elementary operations, you can compose these elementary operations and write a set which you call it a C 2 v which is E C 2 sigma v C 2 sigma v and it is nothing, but a direct product of it is a direct product group for an example. So, this set which you are constructing is a finite group and this finite group which you this is for example, a molecule I took water molecule, but you can write for many molecules different groups symmetries and this we call it as a point group context of molecules. We call this is a point group which is made up of elementary operations and then composing elementary operations it is that set should satisfy those properties of the 4 axioms of the group ok. And each of these group which you are going to find will always be a subset of some symmetry group. What is that theorem? So, all these point groups which why is it called point group anybody can know why the name point group came in the context of molecular symmetries at least one point in the molecule through which the principal axis goes right take an ammonia molecule. Nitrogen atom is not moved by any of the transformations ok. Similarly, the oxygen atom is not moved by the C 2 or a C at least one atom will remain untouched that is why they got this name point at least one point in the configuration of an atom is going to be remaining fixed under all the elements of the group. So, the cube and other symmetries are a little more than the point group symmetries which I am looking at it. So, there if you think there is a atom at the center of the cube then you can think that that point is not untouched. So, if you look at it as a methane molecule like for example, if you take a methane molecule if you put the access through the carbon that carbon remains invariant. So, in the context of these molecules a cube was just a simple example to show you that you know you can look at it this way, but in general there will be always a point which I do not need to touch by any of these transformations. The center point of the cube will not be touched whether there is an atom at the center point is your question, but I could have put an atom there and still the cubic symmetry will be still there right. So, that is what I mean by this yeah that is a good point. See first of all pure rotations are completely different from reflections you know why right. If you take a plane and do a rotation the determinant of these matrices when you write it you can never make it negative, but when you do a reflection the determinant can become negative. You can never transform pure rotations to become improper transformations. So, rotor reflection can never be made into look like a C n. If at all you want to make rotor reflection to look at some other point group it should have an improper transformation component in it. Purely a S 1 for example, is a purely a reflection rotor reflection S 1 it is not generally it will have a it will we will see some more examples and then you can I will give more problems and then we can see all those. So, but as of now you should distinguish a pure rotation which is about an axis of rotation is very different from the reflection planes inversion symmetry point they are all improper transformation is that clear. You can never make a composition of rotations to look like a reflection that is all I am trying to say. Whatever composition of rotations you take it will never give you it is clear no if you do C 2 and then a C 2 square you are not going to get sigma v at all. Sigma v is a distinct generator and these two composed one will be this this element you can call it to be an improper transformation because C 2 is a proper transformation or proper rotation sigma v is a reflection combining a reflection with a proper rotation is an improper transformation. So, the number of elements in the point group I have I have kind of given you a flavor with some examples like ammonia molecule and water molecule that you do see that the number of elements which we write by looking at the symmetry of a molecule I can construct this and the number of elements will be finite and they will be subgroups of symmetric group of degree n ok.


Before the IACAC conference, Binghamton wasn't really even on my radar, but I think you might want to put it on yours. Binghamton is located in southeast New York state. It's actually the number one public university in the state of New York. It does technically belong to the SUNY, the State University of New York system. But don't tell Binghamton that because they brand themselves as Binghamton. They have their own sort of identity. And if you take a look at like a campus map, it's kind of cool.  Inside the brain are all of the academic facilities. Meanwhile, on the outside of the brain, you've got all these residential areas that are interconnected. So there's a bunch of different living communities, right? These colleges like the College of the Woods. So let's get a closer look at that campus. This is super cool. So there are four greenhouses here with each with like a distinct climate. Pretty good way to get your hands on experiences. So yeah, I love the way the campus is organized with these little residential areas kind of around the side, like on the other side of the main road and then all the academic stuff right in the middle. I wanted to learn a little bit more about the university and its programs, what it has to offer. So we're going to talk to Mikaela Ridley from the admissions office right now. Let's go see her. Hi, my name is Mikaela Ridley. I use she and her pronouns. I'm of our assistant directors here in undergraduate admissions. I personally am the liaison to our Decker College of Nursing and Health Sciences. So that's certainly one of my favorite programs on campus is our undergraduate nursing program. It's a direct entry nursing program and we have a state of the art facility, our innovative simulation and practice center, so that when they're actually going and doing their hundreds of hours of clinical work in the field, they're really well prepared. Now, I know a lot of people go into the sciences because they want to study something like biology and then proceed to a medical career, maybe become a doctor, you know, like these girls. I'm Dominic, I'm a bio major for pre-med. I'm M and I'm doing the same thing, bio pre-med. And if you want to check out those interviews in full, check out the video that's coming out next week because I'm going to talk to a whole bunch of Binghamton students and let them share their experiences with you. But when it comes to international students, I got to give you a piece of advice. Don't think about becoming a doctor in the United States. It's going to cost you so much money. The main reason it's possible for U.S. nationals is because they can get financial aid and they pay in-state tuition and they can lower the cost of getting those first few degrees that it takes to become a doctor. But there is a really good alternative and that's nursing. I tell people all the time, there's no shame in being a nurse. They make really good money in the United States and nursing programs, especially the one here at Binghamton, are excellent in the U.S. There is a huge shortage of nurses. There was already, oh, we have a shortage of healthcare workers and especially of nurses and physical therapists and physicians assistants and occupational therapists. And then when COVID happened, that really exacerbated the, yeah, we need a lot more of these nurses. And the nice thing is not only have that resulted in nursing programs growing in size slightly and getting more nurses out there, it's also increased the salaries for nursing. Our school of management tends to be one of the schools that we are really well known for. That houses our business administration program and our accounting program. Our Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science is home to our engineering programs as well as our computer science programs. In all of our majors, we focus on hands-on learning. We don't want our students to graduate with just a degree that says that they sat in the classroom and learned something. Now the RIT guys told me that the Binghamton boys are kind of like bros that like to party a lot. But the more I talk to people here and the more I listen to Mikayla talk about the admission requirements here, I think they're exaggerating a little bit. Maybe they're just really extreme nerds. Binghamton typically admits students with a very high GPA, like students that have an A average. So we're looking like 3.7, 3.8. They also have a typical SAT score of around 1300. So it's not like they're just letting anybody in here with a 40% acceptance rate. It is a pretty selective university. So you don't have to be the best in the world to get in here. But you are going to have to show up and have a pretty strong profile. You're also going to want to have some strong legs because man, there's a lot of walking and there's a lot of hills. I'm going to work out today. We do get about 40,000 applications a year. So we have early action. Students apply for early action by November 1st and they hear back from us by January 15th. And then January 15th is our regular decision and we'll hear back from us by April 1st. The thing that I love about Binghamton is we have created this very unique academic balance here, where Binghamton is a rigorous R1 research university, but it's not this cutthroat competitive environment. Once you're here, we want you to succeed. There's just this very welcoming feeling. It's a very down to earth campus and that's something that I just love about the experience that our students have here. So I just got done talking to Michaela Ridley at the Admission Center. One of the things that stood out to me the most, I think, was just how transfer friendly this school is. I don't think I've run across another university that does so much for transfer students. It makes it so easy for them to get in here. So about 25% of the students on this campus are transfer students, which is a huge number. And transfer students are eligible for all the same awards and scholarships and financial aid as everybody else. So it's not like other universities where sometimes transfers don't get as much or some scholarships are only available to first year students, not here at Binghamton. All right, so we got to talk about cost. OK, so as a public university, you as an international student can't get financial aid based on your need. The sticker price for international students and out of state students is similar. It's about $43, $45,000. But you got to remember that there are merit based scholarships at the university. So Michaela was explaining to me that you could get up to about $15,000 if you have a really outstanding academic profile. And that'll bring that total cost of attendance down to around $30,000 if you're an international student. If you can get your cost of attendance down to $30,000, you're in a really good position. The thing is, it only gets better because year after year, people donate to Binghamton and they want that money to be used to keep people in Binghamton. They start giving you more scholarships as the years go on. So if you meet certain requirements or you're in a certain faculty, you might have to do an application. It might be automatic, but you can get your cost reduced even more. Binghamton has surprised me. When I hear state university, public university, I assume it's going to be decent. Especially in a state like New York that puts a lot of money into education, but I didn't think it would be this pretty. I didn't think I would see this much nature on campus. I didn't think I would see this many modern buildings with really cool architecture and these complete facilities. I am pleasantly surprised. Now that I have been here, I can confidently say I would be happy if we went to the school. From what I can see, you've got a really nice community with a lot of fun people. You've got a ton of nature, you've got great facilities and a reasonable cost of attendance. So I don't see a lot of problems. If you're interested in applying here, they got the Common App or you can use the SUNY application, which is for all the state universities of New York. And if you need some help preparing your application, you can hit us up at preposcore.com or leave a comment below if you've got any questions. I always feel like, you know, if they treat me well, that means they're going to treat you really well because I'm not paying them anything, all right? You're the student. You're the one that's going to pay the university money. Their job is to take care of you. I'm just some random dude who shows up with a camera. So if they're treating me nice, you're going to have it good. And I was taking very good care of today. So thank you to everybody at Binghamton. Thank you for watching. I will see you next week.


k out nearly as worse as we were participating things are relatively looking great and thanks for all your stewardship my question has to do with fire and police overtime well how much of a function of the pandemic would you credit that to versus being short staffed yeah so we we would have been over with most of those things anyway tom the holiday pay in particular that needs to be looked at again in terms of how we handle that but um i would i would say that a significant chunk of the fire department overtime probably in the range of two hundred thousand dollars is related directly to the pandemic we've applied through fema to hopefully get a good portion if not all of that money back so that still remains to be seen but the good news is regardless we were able to make it through the last fiscal year with some of the other precautions that we took not knowing what we might be able to get refunded for so we remain optimistic about that but to your point there is a good portion of the overtime we would have been over anyway but a good amount of it was attributed to the pandemic for sure okay any other comments or questions no excellent as as always tom much appreciated wish you weren't going anywhere but at least it's not until july 1st okay so the next item is to look at the f y 22 budget schedule hey helen helen can i ask a quick question of the council sure uh this is an employee excuse me this is an f y 21 issue tom noted the the freeze on capital spending and and the other freezes also the freezes on hiring we have one account that only the council can direct us what you want to do with that and that is the transfer to the affordable housing trust fund normally each year you have a $50,000 transfer let's call it to the trust fund and those funds in years past have been used to support allard square and the garden apartments we have not made that transfer the money's available we've not made that transfer but there is a request that has not yet been heard by the affordable housing commit or a trust fund committee before hearing that i wanted to find out from the council whether or not that should also be subject to the freeze it's $50,000 this is going to be a harder budget year f y 21 is going to be harder for us than f y 20 was and my recommendation right now notwithstanding the fact that there's interest expressed by the developers and city center for support for an additional project in city center that the council consider adding that to the list of things to put a hold on for now but that's yours that's totally your decisions so comments megan i always have to look for my cursor i just wanted to say that there are more grant funds potentially available for the city clerk's office for the elections i was just looking at the city clerk numbers on expenditures and i i believe that facebook in addition to congress i think they're doubling what congress is is providing to a local government for for the elections in the tune of 400 is it million dollars um and so i was just hoping that we could maybe look for a way to find grant funds for $50,000 at least that would make the affordable housing fund remain whole i don't know if that would cover it but i just wanted to put that out there well i certainly would be willing to freeze it if there wasn't a project that was sort of getting ready to apply for it i mean if nothing was on the horizon i would have been okay freezing it but i'm a little uncomfortable freezing it as well tom that was going to be my similar point and i wondered do we have to decide that tonight or can we almost hear about the project and then decide on this point at that time would that be inappropriate um if well let me let him let me let the rest of council speak could we could we do a proportional amount instead of the full amount that we think we can afford with the hope and expectation that we could um you know make it the full amount before the end of the year what's what's your what's your pleasure i mean are you thinking like $25,000 sure whatever i kind of like megan's idea too of seeing if there's some other funds that would um you know free up or allow us to support that i agree with that too well what do you want to look for the funds and see if we can do the full 50 or i'd love to do the full 50 because i want to i want to fill that bucket up because we're going to probably have a project in the future and i want to be able to you know pay that out and help out the organization whoever it is well it's it would be uh it would be snider braverman um they are they don't have other non-profit partners they're structuring the financing a little bit different than you typically would see but from uh the typical affordable housing program but what i can do is hearing that the council appears to be um continuing to be supportive at some level of an investment here we can at least take it to the affordable housing trust fund committee for their review i didn't want to do that if the council said now everything is frozen that's not what i'm hearing from you tonight so why don't be if the council's okay why don't we go ahead and take it through the process and have the affordable housing trust fund committee report to you okay that sounds good to me that sounds okay with you megan yeah and tim um okay okay thank you okay okay all righty so let's move on then if that if we're okay with the budget schedule so i have a draft of a schedule that was included in the packet um it's it's pretty standard you know um based on on past years it allows for three separate budget meetings if the council felt they were needed beginning uh january fourth uh subsequently on the eleventh and the final date that we could have a meeting to have a budget approved this town meeting comes really early this year in march um our pre-town meeting night is literally on march first uh so the 14th would be the final date that the council could have could have to approve the budget so my intent would be to give you an overview prior to the holidays with the full budget for you to to look through and to come back after the holidays and begin having the meetings to to finalize that okay kevin we have a potential steering committee meeting set for the 20th which i think is just about the last date that we could do it again to meet the charter requirements well i'm just wondering about you know communication with the school board and getting some sense from them i mean i don't know everything it's always always so they don't know the number i mean it's not their fault but you know the state doesn't know the number and they don't know the number and they never can really like say it looks like it's going to be i don't know you know a three percent increase but but those are always important conversations to have with them and i just don't know there's nothing on this schedule for us to have the conversation but we do have another kevin when do we set up the next um steering steering committee meeting next next Wednesday Helen oh that's a little soon to be talking about what a budget number might look like isn't it well i mean this schedule looks fine to me the only missing piece is to have some kind of conversation with david young and the school board about you know sort of balancing it to help get an idea about um where they might be what time is the steering committee i don't have that on my calendar um is it this one through the next Wednesday at seven at 28 yeah it's at seven in the is it in the library or are we posting it i can't remember we'll get a note out but what's is this schedule okay with everyone and we'll figure out a way to have that conversation sometime with the school board i mean i think it makes sense but i i don't know if we'll get us anywhere so yep okay okay i'm okay well thank you john we'll post this to our website we will send a copy over to um the superintendent's office and the business office just so they have a sense of what our schedule looks like and um they typically request that from us every year so okay it's good to have that set thank you all righty thanks um moving on to item 12 reports from counselors on committee assignments did anyone go to any meetings it's so weird you have so few like oh okay um is there any other business oh tim just two quick things that i told kevin an email earlier uh the first is that it appears that pj's auto village mazda and saab um has disappeared and because they were purchased by capital mazda in montpelier so that business has been cleared out all the cars are gone the other one is that karen's east end audio which is that last auto body used car shop that's on wilson road before you hit the muddy brook bridge turns into wilson uh is discontinuing its business and is going to be taken over by the burlington tech center i believe so yeah that's new news to me because i went there to get an estimate and they wouldn't give it to me because they're they're you know getting rid of the business and they're going to be renting the building out to the tech center so i wanted kevin to know that because i don't know if that's a change in use that planning it's only needs to know about too so but anyway it's too bad that pj's is certainly a change in tax revenue yeah yeah okay thank you okay so if there's no other business we can move on to um item 14 and so the next this agenda item is a possible executive session for the purpose of having a hearing of hearing a grievance filed in accordance with a collective bargaining agreement between the city of south burlington and the city of south burlington city hall and public works employees so i would entertain a motion that the council make a specific finding that premature general public knowledge of the grievance hearing and the information presented therein would clearly place the city and the grievance at a substantial disadvantage okay i got a motion and a second any discussion okay all in favor you know thumbs up i see five thumbs and then the second motion is moved that having so found i now move that the council enter into executive session for the purpose of hearing of grievance inviting in colin mcneill andrew balduke kevin doran david van dozen joanna grossman and todd Gregory so moved second second okay it's been moved and seconded vote with a thumbs up there's five of us david yep okay so we are now in executive session we will not have likely a this conference is no longer being recorded we need to remove some people we do need to remove some people and i need to just quickly take a very short break okay so makin you can take over if i guess colin kevin are you controlling who's getting kicked out


An additional $172,000 towards the Beltrami County Waste Transfer Site has been approved by the County Board. Since the solid waste manager last met with the Beltrami County Board in October, there's been significant progress towards the site. The department has finalized a waste management purchase and lease agreement and met with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency to review the site improvements. But the agency wanted to make adjustments to the county's renovation plan which then changed the budget for the project. I explained this to the board yesterday and the board approved what our option two which is to actually do some improvements in black duck now which were not going to be done originally because we didn't have any more money to use. The next step for the department will be to amend a capital assistance program funding proposal with the new plan in order to receive a portion of the additional money from the state. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Hello and welcome back here to the channel. I'm evil rabbit. We are here on beam ng Taking a look at the new drifting physics that somebody said was up in the game and the way the wheel feels so to take a look at that They make you guys follow me on all social media all its found description box below. Let's get to it So we are in the 200 vx from beam ng the factory car We are a Track that I did download so I'm gonna show you where to get that real quick It is in the actual if you just do download more we are at Okangawa and It is definitely a fun-looking track. I believe I've driven this track in a set of courses So we're gonna go full-send today. We do not have a handbrake Unfortunately, I don't have my pedals separated so the handbrake doesn't work. It would pretend to be clutch Simultaneously every time I hit the clutch it would want to hit the handbrake So I'd have separate my pedals from my base and USB You know by itself so you guys want to keep seeing beam ng here on the channel I may actually separate that so we're gonna try and just do some clutch kicks and see how this feels All as we go already trying to rip the bumper off So beam ng was definitely a game I was very excited to get and have drifting in because of damage and For first impressions I keep going for the handbrake of the way the wheel feels from what I was used to to what it is now We can get a full drift in here No, it's not an easy game Beam ng is not an easy game to drift in We got it there. That was a pretty smooth transition It's up in the third. All right so Actually feels pretty good way better than it used to so we're gonna try and I wish I had a handbrake We may have to do another episode with a handbrake. I do have some modic cars. We are just running the beam ng car We're gonna go this way that comes with the game so anybody can actually just hop in this car and drive and The sign I can't see where And have fun with it. So it is very very different than what it was, which is very good that it's You know once you get the feel of it It's actually quite good. Oh Oh But definitely a handbrake would help so we're gonna have to get our handbrake going in the next episode And it's just because my vanatech all my pedals and everything are wired into the base So the game does not recognize the handbrake separate from the clutch pedals so if I separate the pedals from My base and make it its own USB port Then it will recognize it because I have had a handbrake in here before So we definitely need to get the handbrake here to make this fully. Oh Hmm well We just ripped our front bumper off, so Probably broke something in the front you can cheat definitely the best when it comes to damage Yeah, we're a little bit hurting No Okay, look I look like I'm a brand new drifter it, you know amateur event right now trying to do this It's definitely not easy you guys do have beam ng and you have some good places to get mods for cars Let me know down in the comment section below because I very like to get some other mods in this game I thought we could get saucy with that but unfortunately could not so let's go see what other cars I do have that we might be able to drift Because I know we do I just stole the car we do have a Corolla, so we'll pull out the drift Corolla because Why not? Once it decides to spawn in all right, so we have to drift Corolla out now We'll see how this thing feels we're going backwards. I believe so We are going to start Okay, well we have a blown front tire have to Respawn this car because unfortunately we already wrecked it into pits So let's respawn a new Corolla fix our tire We're gonna go into this little pit area first to see if we can't get a minute of shakedown with the car I think we I think we got this I say that is we're probably gonna go full-send into the walls I think there's not too many walls to hit here on this track. I keep on got the handbrake, but it's not there Don't know what's going on with the front tire. My game did migrate to a leave a newer Thing and some of the mods I have did not actually come over correctly But we're not doing Too bad Like I said beam engine not an easy game So if you guys have it, let me know What mods you guys are using in the game because I only have a few but I plan on doing a lot more beam engine Here in the future. I feel like we almost got a full lap with this car Oh as I say that we're about to go into the wall. All right We'll send on this first turn Well, that's bad Geez Gonna broke our window and Broke some stuff. Let's see if I can find how to change Trying to figure out how to change views here Nope, that's not what I wanted And apparently I don't want my turn signal on but apparently the game trying to tell me oh I just did the out of car Well We kind of broke our Corolla, so we're gonna have to spawn another one, but we're gonna spawn a different version So we just decided to spawn back in to get rid of that turn signal So I really wish the 180s would actually be working correctly, but unfortunately the like I said the textures when I Migrate it over as you can see Do not look the greatest show The car does not Really work and this is a grip car the car pictures for the taillights and things of that nature don't work But we are just going to get a drift one in the game and we're gonna go full send on it and see if maybe we can go Drifting in the 180, you know regardless of texture issues Pull out the drift pig. Let's see what we can do Oh, we're definitely not as much steering angles the other cars Now we're near the steering angle I need So if you guys have some good beam and g mods, let me know down in the comment section what they are Because it'd be very interested to get some new ones handbrake doesn't work because obviously I do not have that many So if you guys enjoyed this episode little look at beam and g more coming to the channel beam and g drive definitely a fun game with damage, but we're just gonna go full send with this car probably into a wall because You guys didn't just come here for drifting. Yes came here for damage and things too Help to here for this episode here. I'll be man G. She got some in all social media. This car is really broke It's always I think guys come back and watching people rabbit. See you guys on the track


My name is Victor Alec, and I'm a career researcher at Cambridge Welcome Trust in Nairobi, and most of my research focuses on infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. I effectively do research around malaria and childhood illnesses. And I look also at other things, such as interventions in health. I look at how the impact interventions have on population. I also lately have diversified into not just malaria, but also looking at the whole burden of infectious diseases in Africa. As my research focuses on burden estimation, particularly on malaria, I think that health statistics are quite important on several things. The first is that health statistics are vital for us to understand what the burden of disease is in the population. We need to know how many cases of disease burden occur in any single part of the country, or the countries, for example, in sub-Saharan Africa, so that we can intervene appropriately. And that brings me to the second point, which is if we are intervening in population, we need to know what the impact those interventions are, and health statistics help us actually understand the impact of those interventions. Whether we are reducing disease burden or we are just not doing much. So I think my area of research is impactful on tropical illnesses, because then I am able to monitor some of the statistics I actually come up with on what's the health status of the population. So recently I've been looking at fibril malaria cases in Africa. And one of the things I wanted to understand is of all the fibril case burdens or the fever cases that we see in population in sub-Saharan Africa, how many of these actually are treated in various sectors. And my findings were quite highlighted some few important things. One is that out of the case burden we see on fevers, only half of those are treated in the public form or sectors that we know. The other half, of course, are treated in the private sector. Some are treated informally. But we don't have quite control on what happens in formal treatment. And we don't understand actually what happens to the other, even the ones which actually are treated in the private sector. We don't know the effective case management that actually goes on in those sectors. So my research was highlighting that we are only able to publicly handle 50%. Should we improve our public health systems? Should we incorporate private systems in decisions we make around health? And should we understand more about those cases that are actually treated outside the public sector? What are the effective case management approaches can we use for those who are actually informally or at community level? And those are sort of key questions that have raised my inquisition to actually try and understand what's going on with these other sectors outside the public sector basically. I think with the change in disease burden in Sub-Saharan Africa, one of the things that has been highlighted more in the last five or three years is the need for improved surveillance. So one of the things WTO enacted in 2012 was the T3 initiative, which you treat, you test, you treat, and then you track the particular case you're looking at. And this is the whole framework of surveillance. And it has developed in the sense that we are starting to appreciate the use of routine sectors, or the public sectors as I've explained, or we are trying to understand more what is happening to routine cases that actually come to the health facilities. How do we treat them? We are trying to improve treatment practices. We do have effective medicine that has improved over the last five or 10 years, basically in malaria, for example. And since May 2006, the use of ACTs have improved treatment of malaria. In terms of testing, we have improved diagnostics. We now have RDDs, rapid tests that can actually be used in formal settings at a community level to just test whether someone has disease or they don't have a disease before you treat them. And that actually improves if a case is not malaria, then it will help our clinician try and find out what other disease could the child be hovering and effectively handle that case. So we've improved issues on how we handle cases. Research has improved in this area over the last five years. I think that's one of the most effective things we've done when it comes to disease burden. My line of research at the moment focuses around improving the burden estimation, disease burden estimation. If you look at the last 10 years or so, malaria mapping, for example, has improved tremendously. We've collected more community surveys. We've understood what levels of prevalence of disease are at the community level. But we haven't appreciated the use of routine data more and how we could use effectively to actually quantify this burden in the population. And my line of research has focused in this area of using routine data because with the change in burden, we are trying to strengthen surveillance, strengthen surveillance approaches like the T3 initiative to contribute tremendously on how we then estimate our health statistics. And this is the reason why we need to invest more in routine systems. We need to invest more in the science of how we use routine systems to estimate disease burden because it doesn't cost as much. We already have the health facilities, for example. We know people come to these health facilities. My research has focused on understanding how people use these systems. And we need to invest more to actually try and improve how we estimate disease burden using these routine systems. They are the best barometers of diseases in the population not just malaria, but a whole load of infectious burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. Transmissional medicine focuses on or has themes around diagnosis, treatment, as well as management of these cases of medicine, basically. For malaria, one of the things I have highlighted is that we are now using this test T3 initiative, which is actually testing, treating and then tracking. And over the past few years, we have tremendously improved the first T's, which is to test and to treat. We have not really done much around tracking. And tracking of infections has to do with surveillance in the community following up cases when disease burden is now low, our cases are now rare. And this obviously fits in perfectly with the transition of medicine around case management and surveillance activities and so on. So there is a relationship between what I do and what happens with the transition of medicine themes and the two fitting together.


Roedd cyfraeg o dnyddiadau arioliol y pethau ar gyfafesol yn y baserau ar y bwrdd y nifer o'r corffodeg ar gyfer Ynnyedd. Roedd y bydd i'r rhaglen yn gwagfyrdiadau i gônio lleiol iawn ar y bobl, a'r rhai o'r cyfrifio'r gwahanol a'r rhaglen ei ymddig yn cerddio i ei dweud ar dnas yw ymddill yn ymddill. Roedd y bynnag y rhyw gydag arioli ymwild yn hyrwg â'r cyfrifio ar y bwrdd ynw growl cyllidiau i gaelio'n gwagfyrdd ar gyfer y bwrdd. Felly, we find the argument that notions of the sacredness of the natural world have become lost in the modern era, with the emergence of capitalism and industrialisation. Humanity has considered to largely have forgotten the sacredness of nature, and this, it has argued, needs to be rediscovered in order to address the contemporary global environmental crisis. Mae'n mwyaf i'r strategiaid y gallu gwirionedd yn gyfnodol gyda'r dyfodol gw路 i'r ysgrifun. Mae'n gwybod cyfrifiadau yn y cerddio'r cyfrifolau gwirionedd a'r cyfrifolau gwirionedd ar gyfer y cyfrifolau gwirionedd yw'r cerddiaeth ASEE C. Yng nghymru, 1986, mae'r cyfrifolau gwirionedd yn cyfrifolwg cyfrifolwg mewn cyfrifolwg gwirionedd yn cyfrifolwg C. o dw i ddechrau, rhoi i ddim yn y byd yw leirach rhannu o d SUS. Felly, ei ddim yn y bwyddoedd Ddau Bwyddys, a gweld, bydddoedd yn y bwyddoedd y bydd yn yr unig, yw yng Nghaerdydd, yw'r ymarferwyr a'r chyrw ofach yw dysgol i wneud rhan. Mae yma iras, mae ymddangos i gŸfynifau i'r ddechrau a chynnyddiu gwybodaeth ar hyn o gyflymion roedd yma, sy'n mynd i ddim yn y dyfodol yn ddullol. Fy gydag o'r llwyddiadau, mae'r ffordd bydd i'n gallu cyfnodol ymdudio y gallu gyrfa'i llwyddiadau ymddangos o'r ardalol yn y bydd ymddiadau i'r llwyddiadau am ymddiadau i'r byd. Mae'r bydd i'n cyd-dweithio. Mae'n meddyl iawn yn oeddiadau a gweld y dyfanc. Rwy'n meddyl iawn. Mae'r bydd yn meddyl iawn i gyrfa, maen nhw'n meddyl iawn yn y llwyddiadau sy'n meddyl iawn, ac mae'n meddyl iawn i'r llwyddiadau.  Mae'r trofniad anhyrchu hwnnw and flowers of flowers that are considered sacred and consider flowers of sacrifice and flowering trees receive special reverence. The Hindu tradition of reverence for nature and all forms of life, vegetable or animal represents a powerful tradition that needs to be re-nurced and re-applied in our contemporary context. Okay. But in contrast to these examples, there are other studies that suggest that we should take a more cautious approach. And these argue instead that the links between religion and the environment tend to be romanticised Roedd, llwyddon yn cyfwyl gyrfa ar rannau, gofyn oedd bod rhai cyfwyr arlaedd yng nghymru. Roedd yng Nghymru'r traddinsiau er mwynhau crfaggau sydd y gallu oedd yn gweithio a'r begwyr i'r gaelol gyda'r cyngro agorbyn a'r gaelol mewn gweld. Roedd yng nghymru weld oedd yng nghymru. Roedd o'r цilio ar gyfer yng Nghymru sefydlu ehlorol yng Nghymru sy'n tobi ar gaelol eich choes felly ei dyfodol i'r bydd yn deunydd ac yn ymweld fel ydych chi ar gyfer y llunio a llunio cyffredinol. A ydych chi'n ddechrau ddau, ac mae'r ffordd am ymddangos cyffredinol sydd yn ymddangos a'r ailfynol a'r rhai a'r ailfynol yn dod o'r lŵn ac yn ymddangos. A ydych chi'n eich cyffredinol a'r llunio a'r ailfynol yn gweithio rydych chi'n gweithio ymddangos. Yn ymweld, Lans Nelson yn oes a'r ffordd, am y gallwch cyfleoedd i fynd i hyn ystyried o ffordd y cyfrinswyr arfer yr Ynhymes ym 180 a hwn i'i cyfrinswyr i'r pryd yn rhan wahanol sy'n digadol lle'u y bydd yn mynd am lŏlwyr ei cyfrinswyr yn unigol. I yw yw yw'r ffawr i'r cyfrinswyr dwweddau sy'n gweithio, wrth gwrs, oedd yn ffordd i'r cynhyrchu nhw wedi'u ei gwneud i'r cyfnodol, gweld o'r amgledd yn yng Nghyfod RYmarthfodd ychydig, anywethech, nôr ddechrau i'r eich tud rhomantic approaches to environmentalism and sustainable development, or do they actually have relevance at the grassroots as well? Considering that many people in developing countries are religious and religion continues in many contexts to have a very strong social and political influence, I am interested in whether or not religion has a particular role to play in achieving sustainable development. If so, what this would entail. Yn y cyfnod am yr ysgolfannaeth y Brunthland, rhai tynnu cyfnodau ran ymddwyr ymddygiadau, ynghylch yn ysgrifennu y roedd yng Nghymru hynny i fi gyflwynonosu y dyfodol i gyrfa gennychu e felly y dylai fod yn bwysigol ein bod yn ymdwysigol i ddweud â'r hwn ar gyfer y dylai. Rwy'n dweud y fawr, oherwydd mae'r ffactor ac yn fawr, mae'r llai o gyfnodau sydd ar gyfer ein bod yn cael ei ddweud a'r llai ymddangosol a'r llai o'r llai, a'r llai i'r llai sydd yn bwysigol yn ei ddweud i ddweud o'r holl o'r rhan o'r llai yn fawr. Y gynllunio cymhwynt a'r cymorth ymlaenwyr yn ymlaenwyr yma yn ymlaenwyr yma. Mae ymlaenwyr 8 o gynllunio cymorth, mae erioed 192 o unigwyr ymlaenwyr ymlaenwyr, ac ymlaenwyr 23 o gynllunio cymorth ymlaenwyr yn ymlaenwyr, ac ymlaenwyr no 7 o gynllunio cymorth ymlaenwyr. Felly, yn cael ei gweithio sy'n gweithio cymhwynt yn ymlaenwyr ar gyfer lleolol, ac ymlaenwyr cymorth yn hynny o gyfnod o ddylunio cymorth i mewn gwagodau ar gyfer lleolol, ond ymlaenwyr yn ei gweithio cymorth ymlaenwyr yn ymlaenwyr ymlaenwyr yma. Fy gynllunio cymorth ymlaenwyr ymlaenwyr yn ymlaenwyr ymlaenwyr roedd ymlaenwyr yn ymlaenwyr yn ymlaenwyr yma? Efallai ar gyfer lleol ac bydd ymlaenwyr yn gyfer lleol o gwybwyr, yr oesbyd i oedd ynogiwynt yn ddig兴 o'n digwydd ymlaenwyr gymorth ymlaenwyr ac ydych chi'n gweithio'r cyfnod o'r cyfnodol? Can religion in developing countries have a positive impact on reversing climate change and preserving species? Or is this a post-materialist romantic myth that essentializes poor people is inherently environmentalist? In 2010, I published a book called By Divinity and Biodiversity, The Limits to Religious Environmentalism, in which I critically assess many of the claims made by so-called religious environmentalists, not in terms of the extent to which they can be supported by the texts and theologies, but rather in terms of whether or not these theologies are simply too removed from how people live out their traditions or are actually able to live out their traditions. We can make religious traditions support virtually any agenda, but whether or not people are able and willing to translate this into practice is quite another matter. To me, there seemed to be rather a large gap between so-called eco theology and actual practice. So just some examples on this slide. For instance, in India within the Hindu tradition, we find many examples of the worship of elements of the natural world that do not necessarily result in behavior that is directed towards environmental conservation. For instance, while people in India worship the dangerously polluted river Ganges as the goddess Gangamar, there is little evidence that this religious practice motivates devotees to engage in initiatives to prevent any further pollution of the river. Similarly, there's a strong tradition of sacred grove preservation in India, yet it can be suggested that people worship these forests because they are the abode of the deity rather than to conserve biodiversity. So the eco-centric or deep ecological view that nature has intrinsic value and humans ought to put the earth first could not necessarily be inferred from these examples of nature religion. Okay, so a number of problems potentially stand in the way of religious environmentalist discourse being a viable strategy for contributing towards sustainable development. So firstly, religious traditions can be interpreted to support contemporary environmentalist thinking, but this does not mean that people who belong to those traditions either in the past or today will necessarily think and behave like modern environmentalists. Secondly, while there is often the view in religious environmentalism that ancient peoples worshipped elements of the natural world because they were aware of their ecological value, we cannot assume this. Thirdly, whereas modern environmentalists consider the whole of nature is relevant and worthy of respect, many examples of so-called nature religion are only focused on certain aspects of the environment, for instance, particular trees, forests, or rivers. And fourthly, our religious environmentalist discourse is part of the so-called full belly environmentalism of the post-materias or bourgeois environmentalist who's typically been exposed to Western globalised environmentalist discourses, including deep ecology, ecocentrism, is affluent and more likely to be concerned with nature for its leisure potential or ascetic value. So my concern is that this myth of primitive ecological wisdom consisting of romanticised discourses about how poor people's religion contributes to the way that they relate to their ecological systems can result in forms of essentialism and reductionism that bear little resemblance to real lives and could undermine already precarious survival strategies. However, while these are, in my view, very significant concerns, the world is rarely so simple. As Kay Milton notes, the myth of primitive ecological wisdom is not simply a notion imposed by romantic environmentalists on a sector of the world's population, but is also an image which indigenous peoples accept and promote for themselves. Peter Brozius is also critical of the tendency to portray as a myth, the idea that indigenous peoples lived in harmony with nature. He argues that we need to distinguish between strategic and romantic essentialisms, since historically marginalised communities have begun to recognise the potential potency of strategically deployed essentialisms. So where we find environmentalists and environmental groups in developing contexts, articulating their concerns within a religious framework, the extent to which strategic essentialisms are at play need to be considered. Okay, in the final sections of this paper, and this is going to be a longer version of what I'm presenting now, I return to the question posed at the outset concerning the role that religion could play in achieving the Millennium Development Goal, or particularly a Millennium Development Goal 7. My aim is to look at the different aspects of the religious engagement with sustainable development and to address the ways in which they can avoid the problems already outlined. So I identify four dimensions of religious significant or engagement, and the first one I'm going to go through quite quickly and the fourth one I'll look at in a little bit more detail. Okay, so the first one, eco theology. So this is the first dimension of the relationship between religious environmentalism and sustainable development. So eco theology, it's already suggested, eco theology can serve as the basis for strategic essentialisms. And we can find examples where it underpins, for instance, the activities and initiatives of faith-based organisations engaged with sustainable development, involved in practical activities as well as the lobbying of governments and industry. However, as I've already stated, my primary concern here is who is doing the interpreting and for whom. As discussed already, the ecological interpretation of religious texts and traditions can idealise and romanticise the past and there's a danger of feeding into the myth of primitive ecological wisdom and essentialising poor people as close to nature due to the impact of their religious traditions. My second engagement or interaction involves examining the statements of religious leaders and figures and asking what role they might play in terms of local communities and also at an international level in these debates. And often these statements may give it the impression of romanticising the role of religion in the past and today. They may well be part of an elite bourgeois environmentalism. And in addition, these religious elites say, for instance, that the World Bank or the United Nations they invite to come and talk about the significance of the millennium development goals for their religious traditions. A typically male, actually. Female representatives of religious traditions are few and thin on the ground and don't often get invited to these high-level meetings. So there's a gender issue here as well that needs consideration. However religious leaders, influential figures within religious traditions can have an influence on government and industry and also mobilise significant resources for campaigns and other activities. My third engagement is concerned with organisations and initiatives underpinned by religion engagement with the environment. Now many organisations from small local NGOs to the large multilaterals are beginning to draw upon religious teachings and practices in their activities to encourage people to act in ways that are more sustainable as well as to protect diversity. And a good example of this is the Alliance for Religions and Conservation which is based in Manchester in the UK and grew from the ACC event in 1986 and now supports, it's got a wonderful website if anyone's, I mean I'm sure many of you have looked at it but they support so many projects internationally combining religion and sustainability. An arc describes itself as a secular body that helps the major religions of the world to develop their own environmental programmes based on their own core teachings, beliefs and practices. We help the religions link with key environmental organisations creating powerful alliances between faith communities and conservation groups. Now the engagement of multilateral organisations such as the World Bank and the UNDP who are involved in projects directly with ARC suggests the desire to seriously consider the contribution that religions might make to Millennium Development Goal 7 at the levels of individual behaviour, local environmental conservation and the lobbying of industry and governments to adopt more sustainable policies and practices. Religious places of worship and faith-based organisations can potentially play a significant role in sustainable development but what needs to be avoided in these interactions is the essentialisation of poor people as inherently environmentalists, particularly those who live close to the land and whose religious traditions are often intertwined with nature worship of different types. And this is what I'm going to look at in my final section in a bit more detail. Examples of communities whose practices seem to suggest a positive relationship between religion and conservation. So one area where this has become a focus is with respect to the preservation of sacred groves, protected because of their religious significance but now recognised by some secular organisations as potential reservoirs of biodiversity. Scientists and environmental organisations are increasingly calling for the protection of these areas, particularly considering that in many places they've radically declined in recent decades. And this has resulted in arguments that the religious practices sustaining these areas should be strengthened as well as the areas should be protected in law. Now while we cannot assume that people connected to sacred groves are necessarily modern environmentalists, we should not romanticise these groves as vast repositories of biodiversity. This isn't always the case. It does nonetheless seem relevant to assess the extent to which some sacred groves might play a role in modern conservation strategies and how people's traditional beliefs about them can be channeled into sustainable development initiatives. There are increasing numbers of organisations and ecologists interested in sacred groves because of a scientific and almost, very pragmatic interest in conservation. And the scientific community and conservation bodies are beginning to take this system of indigenous nature preservation seriously. Okay, so two global instruments have been implemented by UNESCO that protect many environmentally important sites. And the first of these is the programme on man and the biosphere with its world network of biosphere reserves. And the second is the World Heritage Convention, including the World Heritage List. Both instruments recognise that sacred sites may make a significant contribution to nature conservation. The man and biosphere programme was launched in the early 1970s and aims to combine biodiversity conservation with sustainable development through close cooperation with communities, taking advantage of traditional knowledge, indigenous products and appropriate land management. Now it's intended that local people should be closely involved in negotiating the creation of the biosphere reserve and that its creation needs to incorporate human activities rather than to prevent people from using the reserve. And this is achieved through a process of zoning. So we have a core zone where biodiversity is protected, a buffer zone where activities are allowed that are compatible with conservation, so things like research, monitoring, education and training, and a transition area where sustainable development is permitted. And in the mid 1990s this programme introduced an initiative that looks at the ways in which traditional beliefs and cultural values impact on environmental conservation and in particular how they may be used to support the protection of legally protected areas such as national parks. Now the second instrument, the World Heritage Convention was adopted in 1972 and in 1992 a category of cultural landscapes was added and paved the way for the incorporation of sacred natural sites. And a number of sites have made it onto the World Heritage list. These are here on the slide, some of them. Now a report published in 2003 drawing on the proceedings from an international workshop organised by UNESCO on the importance of sacred natural sites for biodiversity conservation outlines case studies that focused on traditional mechanisms of environmental conservation in the different regional contexts of Africa, Asia Pacific and Latin America. And again this is available online actually, it's a really interesting document. And in this, Shaff, who was one of the main researchers and organisers of this event, Shaff asks, how can environmental conservation be rendered sustainable without violating perceived and real requirements of people inhabiting in areas since time immemorial? Can cultural values and traditional belief systems which respect the environment be a more powerful or at least an equally powerful means to conserve nature than legally protected areas? Such an approach appears promising in many traditional societies of the world where the concept of a sacred nature is well embedded in societal norms. So he advocates the involvement of natural scientists to study the biodiversity in these sacred groves and at other sacred sites and to assess their significance to surrounding ecosystems. But he also suggests that the involvement of anthropologists is very important, who will be more interested in the ways in which people interact with nature through their religious traditions. So this isn't just a scientific area of interest, it's also an anthropological area of interest. And he's calling on more involvement of anthropologists in this sort of work. Now a SWAT analysis of the evidence presented at the workshop suggests that strengths and opportunities include, and these are on the slide, the high conservation value of many sacred natural sites, the added value to conservation of shared community beliefs about preserving sacred natural sites when compared with legal regulation alone, the fact that they often preserve traditional knowledge and the potential they offer for developing ecotourism. So there are lots of positives. But they also discuss some threats and weaknesses, including the fact that they are often not recognised in national policies and legal systems. And the local knowledge with which they are intrinsically linked is not valued as highly as modern science in official circles. And sacred natural sites are not necessarily areas of pristine wilderness with high levels of biodiversity. And they typically have a function beyond conservation with the potential for a clash between conservation priorities and the religious uses of those places. So it's important to note that from a scientific or a secular scientific or conservationist perspective, the study of sacred groves forms one component of a broader concern with sustainable development and the preservation of biodiversity. Religious values in themselves are not generally seen as having any necessary role to play. Although some conservationists who are interested in sacred groves genuinely lament the decline in traditional values about these forests, others are not so concerned and are happy to promote the introduction of secular management programmes to preserve the remaining groves. So this instrumentalist perspective has drawn critique that the most positive evaluations of the ecological role of traditional beliefs in preserving sacred places are being advanced for scientific and social purposes that are extrinsic to the beliefs themselves. Moreover, it cannot be assumed that the goals of scientific conservation will necessarily match the cultural and economic needs of local communities, particularly when these deny any interference whatsoever. As Freeman has noted in his work on sacred groves in Kerala in India, different degrees of human interference in sacred groves may well be accommodated within the cultural framework of the grove as the deities preserve. In the context of his research and garner on sacred groves, Barry Hurd reports of animosity between local people and protected areas because of the exclusionary approach to protected area management. While, and this is to quote, sacred groves are endogenous protected areas which gives them a margin of community acceptance to conserve the groves in tandem with local communities, conservators must resist the temptation to annex the groves for proper conservation. Although the majority of respondents in the study area were accepting of the need for outside assistance in conserving the groves, they were also clear that their religious and cultural beliefs should not take second place. And this is a final quotation from Barry's research and they write, often research has romanticised culture and assumed that once the objective is to preserve culture, there will be zero opposition from local communities. Failure to grasp the centrality of religious and cultural beliefs for locals could derail well meaning, potentially mutually beneficial effort. So perhaps again underscoring the need for more anthropological research on the nature of the significance of these groves and how they relate to ecology and how they could best be incorporated into initiatives around sustainable development. So just to sum up very briefly, my aim in this paper has been to demonstrate some of the potential problems with religious environmentalism, particularly when certain assumptions are made about the links between ecological interpretations of religion and environmentalist behaviour or between instances of nature religion and their ecological significance. Nonetheless, religion does have a role to play in initiatives and activities for sustainable development, but this is not one that can be easily captured by outsiders looking for a quick fix to development problems. Instead, bringing religion into sustainable development requires careful engagement with local communities and organisations that avoid imposing an outsider view of the role that religion can play and that also avoids prioritising an instrumentalist conservationist ethic. I'll finish.


Abstract metal porphyrins or metal thelocyanines-based organic frameworks, POFs, have attracted widespread interest for application in electrocatalysis due to their unique metal and four coordination structure, high conjugated pi-electron system, tunable components, and chemical stability. The key challenges of POFs as high-performance electrocatalysts are the need for rational design for porphyrins-slash-thelocyanines building blocks and an in-depth understanding of structure-activity relationships. Herein, the synthesis methods, the catalytic activity modulation principles, and the electrocatalytic behaviors of 2D-slash-3D POFs are summarized. Notably, detailed pathways are given for modulating the intrinsic activity of the MN4 site by the microenvironments, including central metal ions, substituent groups, and heteroatom dopants. Meanwhile, the topology tuning and hybrid system, which affect the conjugation network or conductivity of POFs, are also considered. Furthermore, the representative electrocatalytic applications of structured POFs in efficient and environmental. This article was authored by Ning Lv, Qian Li, Huang Zhu, and others.


uh... we actually have to him or on the line to review their i am how are you going on you know i don't know didn't hear me yep yeah okay i can hear it perfect are you good good good deal what are we looking at today to all right uh... like i think you were some charts yes you got them we have them up right now okay uh... the sicklet chart one yet the political ratio we have for chart one yet it is uh... anyhow this chart is the equity football ratio reading which is a middle window and it goes back to that two thousand four something or five whatever and one point out that when that ratio well uh... on january tenth uh... two thousand twenty four uh... which is what we could go they're about but close to one point five five and i marked the other times kind of with blue dot lines when that happened every time it did happen it came out of a low and that gets you in the vicinity of all this is exactly pinpoint the exact low but that's a you're going into a near-midterm low because that the racial that high on a one-day basis is pretty well is extremely rare it happened five times over the last twenty years but every time it does happen uh... it was important in midterm low and the bottom window uh... is the uh... five-day average of the equity football ratio reading anything above uh... point eight is bullied for a point nine four the next uh... uh... second window up from the bottom is that the ten-day average anything above a point eight is police or at point eight so senate-wise we're looking at an important role forming this vicinity so you can't if you look at the bigger picture you want basically everybody on the other side of the bench which basically according to book all raise your rings we're on the very side so they're kind of leaning on the put side right now though it's a flip the chart to so we're kind of kind of working from long-term back down to the short term so the the senate is uh... the public is buried which is in is bullish you need uh... so the bigger picture on senate it's bullish because everybody's very sure and this this chart is uh... yes a weekly spx fixed ratio which is second window up from the bottom and i think i want to play out on this as one of the s&p's are making higher highs and the spx fixed ratio is making lower highs that's a bearish uh... setup and a lot of times since it's on the weekly time frame and uh... project uh... and here that term bearish signal the last time we got a signal bearishly was basically back at the uh... two thousand twenty two high the as we were making higher high this ratio is making lower highs and that predicted pullback in two thousand twenty two and two thousand twenty three uh... the market was kind of going sideways into the april may period and this race was making higher highs that was a bullish uh... configuration yes the market's going to break higher net did and currently uh... the s&p's uh... did break above the previous high of uh... as was that november or something uh... that was november looks like about september uh... and broke above the september high the ratio as a market that went up make higher prices ratio may also higher high so intermediate term that was bullish kind of saying that far as the uh... big concern the market in general should make higher highs going forward so you know that's a bullish intermediate term sign right uh... so uh... panel kind of going faster but or or or well you know you have to show your term but we have to look at the bigger time frame to actually see where we are are we in a bullish configuration for a summit far as uh... right uh... bans the client all those other stuff you have to look at the bigger picture i keep showing this chart and this chart top window is the uh... in why is the summation dex the chart goes back to two thousand seven and uh... one point out here going into uh... the uh... i guess was september low uh... this or actually the october low uh... you need a selling climax in a summation dex uh... for actually a bullish picture to develop the uh... selling climax then within two months you need a buying climax and that predicts any term bullish signs so for over the next most likely a year maybe even longer uh... the market set up for a bullish situation well october twenty seven two thousand twenty three we hit my eight hundred thirteen though that's the selling climax a reading below seven hundred then within two months you need a rally above a thousand which is december twenty seven and on december twenty seven we did close above a thousand so even though there can be short term uh... pullbacks your midterm is bullish still on the right so it's only out of that the tennis bullish uh... everything i'm looking at is a bullet for two thousand twenty four nothing every day is going to be an update but if it's a look at what the short term picture says here is on the chart for here you have the chart for probably going kind of fast open not losing everybody but uh... i do a lot with with panic panic only forms of bottoms and the more panic you have the more uh... stronger that next rally will be so and i define panic as a trend close above one point two so the longer it stays above one point two duration in time the stronger that next rally was coming so uh... on this chart i i got uh... that two-day average which is on the bottom window the middle window is a twenty one day average so that's the kind of a your midterms uh... signal the top window is the uh... uh... ten-day average and so what you like to see preferably all you know i had another five-day in here but i didn't put it on this chart but all these uh... that uh... the two-day the ten-day the twenty one-day average of the trend all reach bullish levels nor so there was a lot of massive selling on the on the pullback uh... i hear that i hear the music yet i can hold yet to stay with us i wanna here's more thoughts on the market as well as yours you know kind of see this sideways shuffle pattern currently uh... i like here in this kind of bullet sentiment folks stay tuned to be right back with him welcome back folks jacob she filled in for tom o'brien we are joined currently with him or of the or tim you're just talking about a lot of bullish signs for the market as a whole right uh... i am in and so i'm chart for going back to that the trend is uh... dancing issues the definition of the trend is advancing issues over declining issues and divide that by advanced volume over declining volume so if you do all the numbers it shows when the the volume hitting the downstock the trend goes up so uh... and you think that would be bearish but it's actually bullish so the more uh... the more uh... volume is on to the downstock to hire that trend goes and actually the more bullish it becomes so if you get a lot of days of that if you show kind of a sold-out market well right uh... so now all the time frames are are bullish here and there are uh... you can have some this is not uh... in any case i picked the exact day of uh... of the low but it gets you definitely in the vicinity of the low so uh... this turn actually bullish a couple of days i mean all three of them all three time frames turn bullish over the last couple of days but really turn bullish yesterday and probably yesterday i think is probably uh... bottom up of some sort and the reason why we can go to chart five let's take a look also we have chart five up but okay the bottom window is the uh... ten-day trend to close at one point three five and above one point two is bullish and i i pointed out my market letter that probably last thursday's low was going to be tested and it was tested on lighter volume and closed above the previous flow it's uh... it's a bullish sign and exactly that's exactly what happened yesterday and i would like to have at least two if not three or four things turn bullish uh... with me i just don't take one indicator he's not going to take a drink or my my throat absolutely parts so but you know yesterday we tested last thursday's low on ten percent lighter volume and actually close above the previous low by two-cent you know but still above the previous low so that was bullish we also had a two-day trend yesterday of uh... uh... three point five two and normally that's right on the outskirts of some work some don't type indicators anything around four and preferably higher as a slam dunk you buy it on the close three point five two just basically on the margin and i looked at that and i think that's really close and uh... volume studies were bullish i think i'll just wait one more dc what happens it turns out that yesterday's was probably an important low to really confirm that the low was yesterday is for today's volume to be higher than yesterday's volume and today's not over yet but we're almost matching yesterday's volume so we got you know about a half hour to go here so most likely well there's probably a nine percent chance today's volume will be higher than yesterday's volume that's what you want to feel a little bump in energy to the upside compared to the previous day so most likely there was a low yesterday and i sent out uh... axia or email to my clients here about fifteen twenty minutes ago i don't remember how long ago but and then i'm buying on the close today uh... because the bottom was probably yesterday along the rally will last is hard to say but this market's gone sideways that's basically uh... mid-december right and so that's about to or omitted at least uh... so the sideways consolation last about a month so at a minimum if sideways consolation is a month if the rally should last around a month the consolation was two months and the rally should in general last two months so we probably at least rally into some time in you know february maybe uh... maybe a longer i don't know but in general this year is going to be up so how high is high i think it's going to be at least a double-digit year ten percent you know could be another twenty percent like we had last year we're actually had twenty three percent last year uh... you know it could approach that so this year probably pretty good year and also this is pre-election year uh... so you're not going to see a bear market not for election year right now especially uh... you know that the conference once keep the market looking bullish so uh... definitely i think a lot of the like the things that could be like a bearish factor for the market more relatively short term you know i mean i i bring up a lot even when i fill in you know issues obviously have with some world trade right issues of the panama canal the red sea uh... kind of those things but i i do genuinely think those are kind of more short term any kind of depressor on the market and uh... i i like this idea of a bearish or excuse me a bullish one go ahead here well the market you know a lot of people look at the fundamentals and they interpret the fundamentals when they go to the individual investors well the market and to enter that interpretation for you when it gives you the signals what that means it was bearish or bullish so whatever's going on in the world right now you can look at all the natives and and all the you know the sure inflation uh... the wars and whatever and the market hasn't used it and yeah but this year the market is interpreting that over the next uh... what you know twelve months or so is is going to be a bullish outcome so right exactly the best interpretation is is for the market to tell you well what is is going to do and there's certain signs to look for in the market and i think uh... those signs i've i've displayed on this you know you're very valid here yeah very valid point all right well then we have i think now we have chart six we've about we saw some time we have chart six up on the screen right now right chart six this is a uh... the middle window is the uh... discount premium for the sprout gold trust though that middle window with uh... the red line in there is when that uh... is minus uh... that discount or premiums below minus two percent and what andrew drew lines uh... blue lines all across when that uh... discount hit below minus two percent matter of fact i showed this on tuesday also even though the market is backed off some the two two percent discount or minus two percent discount and greater still and prevalent here so it can go down a little bit uh... but in general you're still looking at some sort of a low in this vicinity when you get above two percent and mark starts going down that's when the market actually can go quite a ways but you can be off a weaker so but long as that two percent is still relevant in other words the market was going down and uh... and the discount wasn't going below two percent would be a very fine c but since that has gone down blue two percent and actually if they blow to uh... my two percent this uh... january fifth i think it was the first time it got below there you're looking at a bombing process you had a little minor rally they came back down and yesterday's close came in at two point two six so what that mean for for a gdx well we've make a quick note here there's a gap on uh... this is chart number seven there's a gap on november fourteenth of last year twenty seven twenty three and for some reason gdx likes to go to gaps ever so we're just a whisper away from testing that gap and i think that's probably going to touch that gap can you stay with us into the next uh... segment go for gdx a little bit more awesome fantastic folks stay tuned we'll be right back with him or of the welcome back those jacob shoot with tim or of the or the oracle uh... before one to break them were looking at the gdx uh... chart you had gdx currently trade about twenty seven fifty five and uh... has have been moving down right for the past month when we look at it it has moved downwards like said january fifth uh... the discount a premium discount for the sprout gold trust has been below minus two and that's usually in the bottom area that gap on uh... i got a note there it on that chart is twenty seven twenty three yep that's where the gap starts that's probably what we're going to head there's another gap right above it is kind of a place gap there sideways market that was on that november twenty first we get that gap and rocketed up and we'll come back down but really this market has done anything uh... august of of uh... last year it's gone up gone down look like a head and shoulders bottom of form to which are probably dead had projection up around uh... thirty two thirty three i got basically to the minimum now come back down again but you know you get the the discount minus two again so you're still looking at some shorter to short-term low but this sideways pattern go on for another six months yet could but at some point you're going to hit an impulse wave and impulse wave is where the market pretty much trades one direction instead of this chop back and forth so don't know when that's going to happen but uh... in terms of look okay they're not you know extremely bullish or bearish right uh... you had the bullish percent index and i i i got which is up around fifty three percent in other words fifty three percent of stocks on gdx run point figure by signals that's still around fifty so it's not bearish but it's not really bullish either so it's kind of a nothing market right now so i i don't think we're really breaking down here but we're not breaking up either but right i think we're probably going to test that gap and bounce off that gap and how the next rally performance will tell a lot uh... but momentum study they're just kind of neutral or just not showing a lot here but uh... it would be nice to see the market that's usually what happens though it definitely it would be nice to see some actual movement in gold as well uh... any of the you know substantial moves now of course there's some decent equities have done well over the past few months you know even talk like the august time frame but seem like the whole sector really take off but i think would be super nice can you explain a little bit uh... the up-down volume here at the bottom chart uh... right okay the the uh... it's an eighteen day average uh... the bottom window is that gdx up-down volume percent is eighteen day average and over time basically when that indicator is above minus ten mark is an uptrend which is all the blue area c one below minus ten which are right now isn't a downtrend and the next window up is advanced decline there he has a problem bottom window in the next one up is advanced crime with an eighteen day average that's also below minus ten but you know a downtrend you know they're below minus ten but once you start getting above minus ten is when another uptrend starts and and right now i guess you say you're we're an uptrend but you gotta remember that the minus two percent discount always comes near lows so you know you're not going to keep going down with the minus two on the uh... uh... so most likely you'll probably hit that gap probably found support how the next right over form will kind of tell how the story will be made would you we go up for a while and uh... turn back down it is it's just kind of a much market is just yes uh... really can't see you know i'd like to see a blowout i think the big blowout on gold did come in august of two thousand twenty-two i'm thinking that was a major low back uh... a multi-year low back in two thousand twenty-two and mark has worked a little bit higher i don't think we have the strength for the weakness i guess you might say to get back down to the august two thousand twenty-two low so we're in a some sort of uh... uh... a consolidation phase that's going to uh... that's building cause for the next rally uh... but that rally may not start until later this year i don't know what i thought we were starting here with the head and shoulders bottom pattern that worked out pretty well but didn't fall through and really the question is you know what it what is that major catalyst and how people viewing it on a our larger scale well tim thank you thank you so much for coming on that was fantastic as always and i really always learn so much when you come on so i really appreciate it okay yeah i'm glad beyond so uh... i guess we'll talk next to you again so next to the entire should be back as well so that'll be uh... fantastic to have you guys back on again and everyone this is uh... to more of the order oracle that is or hyphen oracle dot com go visit his website check it out uh... as you heard a mention earlier you know he released updates all this clients and uh... it's just more of this really good stuff really get into the nitty gritty of all of it which uh... i think we can all appreciate him thank you so much thank you thank you very much


I know a couple man that will theme for some skunk weed so for less than a V Bruh, I can have your old crib looking like a senior Promise a jungle.  I know a couple man that will theme for some skunk weed so for less than a V Bruh, I can have your old crib looking like a scene in Jumanji But I'm gonna keep it a boxy I ain't with all these fuckery and this motherfucker when I run around keep this mumsies Well, I got my brother there in the cold words bungee Because that leads to you getting jump G Because that leads to you getting jump G so stunt, please we got you in done breeze I'll bring that strap over your shoulder like done breeze and make it run Because you're the type to get pimped see cuz you bun be Well, at least that's what it looks like see I be you be on a budge pipe. I'll be getting to that show up like she'll But a man told me Pedro's a rubber man, and I'll put up a good fight Well, if he try to rub me, I'll give him this hook right nigga.   We're thinking you're on crud.  I'm nobody rub your yard. No Bali I'm burn fags. I don't smoke backie. You've got bony kneecaps in their bow fascia Tally's manicure is charismatic as a patch of cabbage Stik In plastic, but you're too flabby a bruised tally bru tally then bru tally New tally. I remotely kill him. That's Tally chart you get rubbed for the bars on the tally chart I just thought you must have thought that I got knocked out. I was up within a second for the bread But I probably press charges of her left garbage in West Cardin Guess passes. I bang a leaf tally in a neck harness. I make an egg sandwich left-handed Wind and you lose automatically he stays up at night wanking over music from Cassidy Think your chickens have a stick my knuckle in it's like a sellotape of a stash.    I say it But yo, what am I saying now?  Co-main event Well, that's the least of all since then I get dealt this bitch on a card like the Queen of Arts But he's just been thrown in to get decked and left at the bottom just flat because true fizz I should have got shuffle at the top of the pack But look I'm not gonna chat come on.  I can show man. Do I the anger with no GoPro needed? There's no ghost conceded see I ain't taking no L Let me go tell P this we in the same building.  I don't See my niggas be on while enough, but I don't know conceded So this team that I creep with will go straight in direct and that's why I gotta sneak this see So you ready know that we're planning a riot I'll turn up to this fiends crib with a mean grip Ready to clap up and fly it so if you want fire or eat apples to try it Man, I'll make free kick in his top right from this. I'm a like No, but I try at King if you ain't planning to die yet And get a knife chest poke slice and dice I get in dice at this guy's wet and your life's a mess, bro Like your style of dress code Like your style of dress code and you fans don't help when you keep hiking Pedro What he really needs is advice and meds though What he really needs is advice and meds though not getting gas from one side to another like he's trying to siphon petrol What you fans don't realize or get those peak for this guy when he gets home because I was he meant to survive on the stolen pies That he prized from Tesco But what you fans don't realize or get those peak for this guy when he gets home Because as he meant to survive on the stolen pies that he prized from Tesco when he's only like five foot five in 10 stone And I could get inside his mental would then show that the side effects of the cat blow that he's circling around inside His head slow help his mind to decide these lines. Let's go So that's why he goes into this violent next mode that has them next wet guys and them tolls But try no if you step on mine, I let's blow right now I don't know whether to rap or snuff it Listen, yeah bad. You're bluffing.  You ain't stabbing not no Guy bad.  He's causing someone who can't even get a cold sign at the cypher lounge Fly around the earth for 90 pounds. I've got to use a Chang like Chinatown You get stuck in the foot while you're lying down mixed with Michael power All right, I know you said I need to buy some meds, bro.  All right, right you look like nines They said the Sunday times I put wrong way signs on runway lines Yo, yo, yo, your girls got a neck like red roosters. I'll be breathing a pair of pet cougars I spread rumors and what sex bloopers Jesus when he met Judas I rolled with the gang for the head shooters, right?  I'm actually here to slap his cheek in And I said it twice.  I'm a mental guy Yo, that boy you said about rice was extra nice because you know how to cook it every night. Yo Are you on the best right cooker I left right hooker? Yo, yo, yo, you don't dress nice brother.  Well, that was brave of you Like say that alone would have made the men's for getting his face and then I'm not on the racist team But actually it was like taking in a Chinaman son.  Well, I would have made them clear the venue and prepared the landing Ambulance I'm not one of them swank.     Yeah, I'm a kind person.