و الأشياء المخير فيها إن كان لسهولة عد المكلف فهو تخير رغبة واختيار مهما قد يسأله أسهلة لله هذا هو أحد من هذا يوجد التخير تخير من أجل السهولة على المكلف يوجد أخر منه يوجد أن تخيره و يكون الاختيار ليس من أجل التسهيل الشارع لم تفعل هذا لكي يسأل أجل المتاقل لذلك هو هؤلاء تشاركات جزاء الذين يحاربون الله ورسوله those who fight against Allah تعالى القطاع طرق those who cut the roads of the Muslims who take guns and they block the road and they rob the people ويسعون في الأرض الفسادة and they bring mischief to the earth ويدر الله say and you cut them they should be killed or you salabu or they should be hanged off or to cut out aidim or their hands and legs should be cut إذا كان مصلحة ما ولي علي فهو تخير يجب تعيين ما ترجحت مصلحة مصلحته إذا كان مصلحة ما ولي علي فهو تخير يجب تعيين ما ترجحت مصلحته إذا كان شخص يوضع حوالي من أفن الذي قمت بعمل أمي و أمي قمت بعمل حسناً في هذا الشيطة هو شخص يوضع حوالي who is in control هو يجب أن يدخل هذا المال في مكان جيد في هذا الموقع هو التخيل يجب التعيين ما ترجح مصلاحاته يجب أن يفعله في مكان where he believes that the مصلاحة outweighs the harm نعم و ألفاظ العموم ككله وجميع والمفرد المضاف والنكرة في سياق النهي أو النفة أو الاستفهام أو الشرط أو المعرفة بالدال التي على الجنسي والاستغراق كلها تقتض العموم الشيطة now is going through the alfaz which are عموم the words that show generalization the word كل it shows generalization المثال لذلك هو صورة عنكبوت i-67 الله يقول كله نفسي دائقة الموت every soul will taste death كل everyone also the word جميع صورة زمر i-110 الله تعالى يساعد والأرض جميعا قبضته يوم القيامة the whole of the earth is will be in the fist on the hand of الله تعالى the day of jerman صورة زمر زمر i-67 as well very good 67 ايوت صورة زمر also الله تعالى يساعد the third type he mentioned which is والمفرد المضاف if a singular is attributed it's that إضافة is done to it a singular it's attributed to something it shows generalization and evidences for that is the i in صورة بقرة i-231 والله تعالى يساعد والذكرون remember نعمة الله is blessing the نعمة is singular here it's ascribed to Allah it shows all the نعمs of Allah to remember all of it also the sheikh said والنكيراتون prohibition sorry نكيراتون indefinite في سياق النهي in the context of prohibition it shows generalization as well the example for that is the i in صورة النساء i-39 الله says وعبد الله وشب الله ولا there's the نهي تشريك به شيئا شيئا is the نكرة is the indefinite and before it is what a prohibition it shows what generalization so you're not allowed to worship huh besides الله nothing whatsoever اوين نفي or if a indefinite is in the context of negation the evidence for that is the i in صورة عمران 62 وما من إله إلا الله وما ما is here is what it's نفي إلههم is what it's a نكرة what does it show generalization the sheikh then also said i willi stiff ham an indefinite in a context of interrogation questioning the example for that is صورة قصص i-71 الله says من which is stiff ham who it's a question من إله غير الله إلاه إله here is what it's عموم generalization because it's what it's a نكرة it's an indefinite and before it is what before it is a question i-71 صورة قصص the sheikh also mentions an indefinite in the context of conditional indefinite in the context of a condition and the example for that is i-60 صورة التوبة وإن أحدون إن is a shirt is a condition أحدون is a نكرة it's an indefinite it shows anyone it doesn't matter من المشركينة from the pagans is تجارك فأجر حتى يسمع كلم الله the sheikh also mentions the word the jinns the word that has a ألف اللام in it and it's a jinns and we spoke about this in our قوائد الفقية jinns is like for example humans animals stuff like that is jinns they are jinns and example for that would be صورة البقرة آية 70 الله says إن البقرة تشابه علينا البقرة عموم generalization it means all of the cows because why البقر is a jinns and ألف اللام entered it which made it a definite so sometimes the ألف اللام enters a noun and it doesn't make a definite like the word العباسن and the word الفضل and stuff like that and أول استغراق أول استغراق meaning if it enters a noun if it enters a noun which all of its meaning is dipped inside it meaning it's استغراق and ألف اللام enters it it shows generalization like صورة النساء آية 28 والله تبارك وتعالى he says وخولق الإنسان ضعيفة الإنسان here means what all of the humans are created weak كلها all of those which we mentioned with the examples تختض العمومة they all show generalization والعبرة بعموم اللفت لا بخصوص السبب the sheq here is talking about the the عبرة the the scholars will they they have موضع النظر عبرة is what you take into consideration what is taken into consideration is the generalization of the word not the specification of its revelation whether if it came down on a person we will look at the fact that it came on a person and say it's only exclusively to him and it doesn't mean anyone else no the wording if it shows generalization then it takes everyone other than him as long as as long as that wording as long as that wording shows generalization now pay attention to this if a situation takes place pay attention if a situation takes place in the time of the prophet and a ruling comes pertaining to it a textual ruling comes regarding this but the wording that is used is generalization general word like the word these the generalization that we just mentioned كل or men or is used but the specification of its revelation it was specifically on a particular group of people the question arises here فهل يكون الحكم الحاديثة تخاصن is it specific to those people basing on who it came down on or is it general to as for its wording is it general that's that's the question arises تحرير المقال to explain this issue very well in this method we have to speak about first the general text that come on a specific issue is of three types those general texts that come on a specific situation are three types number one اي اقترنا there comes attached with it or that which indicates بما يدلو على العمومي فا يعمو اجمعان something comes with that indicating that it's what that is general and so that means it's general by way of consensus no one can go against it scholars won't disagree on that one because there's a there's a kareena there's an evidence that shows it the second one is اي اقترنا there comes with it بما يدلو that which shows that it's specific to those people it shows فا يخص اجمعان and it's specifically to them the third type which is اي اقترنا بدلين there's no evidence that attaches itself to it to indicate that it's general or to indicate that it's specific now in this regard the strongest view in this issue is what ان العبرة العمومي اللفت لابد خصوص سبب is implied here this قاعدة of the sheikh is taken into consideration and it's what it is given a general ruling it's given a general ويراد بالخاصي and also anything that any vest anything that a vest that comes that's specific it's general and the opposite holds truth such as the eye that comes down الله says to the prophet yeah you and nabiy you is the word specific nabiy is it specific yes but is everyone yeah your nabiy will talk to you الله ام اصدر الله are you going to say this is only specific to the prophet is yeah your nabiy will talk to you الله specific to the prophet only and it's the امام المتقين so we say love this khas لكن يراد بالعموم عموم is meant from it and the opposite holds truth the opposite holds the opposite holds truth which is yeah والله على الناس يحج البيتي are you with me والله على الناس يحج البيت upon the people is the people is to do Hajj for the house of Allah but then ناسي is so general that the مستطيع ان غير مستطيع the one who's able to and the one who's not able to both of them fall under it and we know by way of what by textual evidence that the one who's not able is not obligatory on him ومن استطاع إلي غير سب ومن I say من استطاع إلي سبيلا this guy is not able to so what do we say this is this is عامل أريد بالخصوص it's general it's general but specification is meant by who is the specification for those who are able to do it you see but the شخص مع وجود القرائن يدالك عليها على ذلك but there has to be external forces that indicate that this this specific is not meant general and this general is not meant specific there's قرائن are looked at what are from the قرائن what are the things that from the القرائن are from them is the context sometimes is the قرائن that it's in when the prophet ﷺ said to the man so وخطاب الشارع the legislator when he speaks to what لوحد من الأمة if it speaks to a specific individual are you with me أو كلامه في قضية جزئية or a piece about a specific situation يشمل جميع الأمة it encompasses everyone we don't just say it's only specific to a person who has been spoken to in the ayah وجميع الجزئية and it's all of those sub branches fall under it إلا unless إذا دل دلير على الخصوصي unless there's evidence that shows that it's specifically for that person so when the prophet ﷺ said to the man and the man he ﷺ said to him boy he was talking to he said but the prophet ﷺ specifically talked to a boy you say this rule is only specific to the boy and not me no you don't say that and you can't say that this is خطاب الشارع لوحد من الأمة one person is being spoken to but it encompasses who and encompasses everybody you see everybody who now falls under this issue of eating this is the rolling in which he is or she is given نعم the prophet ﷺ's actions وفعله he ﷺ's actions الأصل is what that we are followers of the prophet ﷺ in his actions he's our role model in his actions we follow him in it so you can't say if the assault of the prophet ﷺ's actions is what you who say it's specific to the prophet ﷺ have to bring evidence if you say this is this is specific to him I'm going to now ask you what I'm going to ask you where is it specific to the prophet ﷺ where is your دليل to indicate that this is specific to the prophet ﷺ because the أصل is the أصل is what that's the أصل that the prophet is our role model in his speech in his action in that which he consents to all of that we need to follow him in it and he's approved for us now you came and you said no his actions are not a حجة we don't follow him in his actions then I will say to you where is your evidence and I am upon what is this بقاء ما كان على ما كان unless لكن إلا إذا دلد دليل على أنه خاصم unless the evidence shows what unless a evidence shows that this is specific to the prophet like for example when الله تبارك وتعالى said in وهابت نفسها للنبي in أراد النبي أن يستنكح خالصة لك من دون المؤمنين this is specific to you خالصة لك so a woman can go to the prophet and say يا رسول الله I want you to get married and he can get married to that woman without any other willy or her guardian he doesn't need it this is specific to him عليه صلى الله عليه وسلم so why because I clearly stated it خالصة لك so this action of his is not a proof for me عبد رحمان or a proof for any of you guys now لا تنفى لنا في بعض بعض مستحباتها نعم وإذا نفى الشارع if the legislator negates it negates what if it negates the شارع negates عبادة a worship or a معاملة or a transaction فهو اللي فسادها because of its corruption and harm that is in it أو نفى بعض ما يلزم فيها or it negates some of that which necessitates from it فلا تنفى لنا في بعض مستحباتها we don't negate it because of the negation of some of its some of its مستحبات some of the things that I wanted from it based on this because of its because it's not negated in its totality نعم the ruling differs فضل so the example for the first one was إذا نفى الشارع عبادة أو معاملة فهو اللي فسادها أو نفى بعض ما يلزم فيها فلا تنفى لنا في بعض مستحباتها for example the professor I said in a hadith لا صلاة لما لم يقل بفاتحة الكتاب شارع what did it negate it negated the salah here is a negation you see إذا نفى شارع عبادة أو معاملة it negated this action in the salah are you with me what do we take this as we say that this is the صحة of the salah that's the asal are you with me very good and the next one the sheikh says تنعقد العقود وتنفسق بكل ما دل على ذلك من قولة أو فعل the sheikh is talking about this one here right now is that the عقود the act which is the bayah and the spying and the selling that people do it takes place by utterance if people say to another person if somebody says to you I've sold this to you it will happen in عقد البيع the bayah has taken place and any other wedding that shows that that can indicate that for example if a person says to you I have gifted you this car with a thousand pounds or if he says I have given you this car with this much of price and the other person he says I accept this becomes a bear even if you even though he used what gifted a gift gift isn't a bayah or even though he didn't what he didn't use because he stipulated a amount to it and the other person accepted it the sheikh is trying to say تنعقد العقود وتنفسق بكل all of ما دل على ذلك من قولة أو فعل any action if you touch each other's hands and you shake each other's hands you know all of that the bayah takes place and also تنعقد it takes place وتنفسق و and it also breaks and it nullifies it goes the sheikh here is going to talk about each تهاد and تقليل now he's going to talk about وتصوير و إلى إقامة الدليل عليها ثم يحكم عليها بعد التصوير والاستدلال the first one is مجمع عليها matters which are unanimously agreed upon now pay attention to this it's agreed upon فتحتاج all it requires is what إلا تصور a perception وتصوير وتم إمج it و إلى إقامة الدليل عليها and to establish the proof onto it ثم يحكم عليها and then the ruling is given بعد التصوير والاستدلال after the perception and evidence is passed for example an example would mean صلاة الظهر صلاة الظهر is what واجبة الظهر is واجب when is what زوال الشمس when the sun reaches the zenith are you with me so what do we need here right now we need to perceive when the زوال happens we need to perceive that first we need to perceive it and we also have to understand what's the intention behind the زوال what is meant by زوال you have to understand that after that we say every time the sun reaches the zenith and reaches the زوال we will give the obligation of what that the صلاة الظهر so the علم are unanimously in agreement towards what pay attention that the صلاة الظهر is what the scholars are all unanimously in agreement that the صلاة الظهر is paid at this time the زوال لكن زخلاف they can come on خلاف when the people dispute this is the زوال no it's not the زوال the تصور of the زوال may differ that the us of the issue but is مجمعون علي نعم this which is the second type this one on the other hand it requires what perception of the مسألة and it also requires what to understand to understand the evidence you need to understand evidence and you also need to understand the views that stand in this issue and to strengthen you in all the أقوالة have come ترجيح to strengthen between the speeches and you also require what you also require to answer back to the one who's opposing this view then and after then can you what after that can you then apply the issue at at its place you can apply the issue at its place the شيخ is saying to you this is for the مجدهد that's the job of the مجدهد all of that the مجدهد he's the one who does it and i want you to all understand this issue which is very important it is not knowledge it is not knowledge or you should not think that it's knowledge ها to just know the views of so many scholars and say if well i believe this and شايفة he said this and مارك said this and احمد said this and اوزاعي said this and that is knowledge that is just what you're you have information masha'Allah you've compiled so much information that is an evidence but the evidence is to know why everyone opposed another what is the مورد النزع i'm a مورد النزع where are they arguing on قاعدة are they all differing on what is the أصل of their خلاف are you with me what's the أصل of their خلاف and then having the ملكة the ability to give ترجح to strengthen this view over this view to strengthen this view over the other view and say that this view this view who said this they قاعدة or the ضواب or the principles they're picking up from is this and the other ones they're principal and قاعدة picking up from is this and based on that he's opposed the evidence on this and this and this this is for who lacking which is to know the difference between the راجح and the مرجوح which is the knowledge this is the مجتهد the person who knows knowledge the second one he talks about is the مقالد the مقالد فوظيفة to his job is nothing else السؤال للأهل العين he asked the people of knowledge his job is what his أهل العين now the شخ before what did he say so let me go the مسائل how many types two the first one is مجمعون عليها the ones are agreed upon فنحفة تحتاج it requires إلا تصور in perception وتصوير and to have an image وإلا إقامة الدليل and it's to establish the evidence on it ثم after after you've established the evidence on it ثم يحكم عليها then you give a ruling to it after what بعد التصور والاستدلال after your perception and your evidence is there the second type is وقسم فيها اختلاف وقسم فيها خلاف any type where there is disputes in it فتحتاج those مسائل require مع ذلك with with it all of that which was said before مع ذلك he means all of those which were said before إلا تصور إلا تصور وتصوير وإقامة الدليل عليها all of that and it also requires إلا الجواب عن دليل المنازع the one who's arguing and answer for him هذا في حق المجتهد that is in the rights and the responsibility of the مجتهد والمستدل لي the مستدل لن المجتهد are the same meaning that is it who is the past and brothers who is who can do each time من من الذي يجتهد وينظر في المسائل who is the one who can do each time past rulings who is it and what is the conditions of being a مجتهد and doing a stillal the first one is أن يكون المجتهد وعانما بما يحتاج إليه من الأدلة الشرعية كأيات الحكام وحديثها ونسخها ومنصوخها it is that the person he knows his his علم he has knowledge of that which he needs from the evidences the ayat the jew spoon rulings ayat ayat الحكام he has them also he knows the حديث الحكام حديث الحكام he knows them very well حديث الحكام are what like سنة نبي داود سنة نمجة سنة نسائي سنة نبنوماجة سنة نمجة سنة نسائي the person knows those three books at least at least at least those three good and the person knows all the ayat الحكام of the top of his head he has a memory of all the quran but he knows ayat الحكام with him very good he also knows the abrogated and the one that's been abrogated that's the first the second condition is أن يكون عالما بأصول الحديث وعلم الأساني he needs to know مصطلح الحديث and he has to have understanding of chain of narration when a حديث is defected has to have knowledge of it the third one is أن يكون عالما بأقوال السلف that he is knowledgeable when it comes to them the statements of the self that which they unanimously agreed upon that which they differed on so he can follow the اجمع and he can do the اجتهاد ويجتايدهم على اختلاف and he can also do when there is differences the fourth is أن يكون عالما بأصول التفسير that he's a scholar when it comes to أصول التفسير he knows the introductions to تفسير he also knows أسباب مزول when the verses came down he knows علوم القرآن قراءات he knows to jweed all of that نعم there was a five أن يكون عالما بأصول الفق he's a scholar when it comes to أصول الفق وما يستقيم له الفهم من اللغة والنحو ليحكم بما تقتضيه دلالات he knows أصول الفق and he also understands that which can strengthen his knowledge base of the language грامة so he can give so he can give rulings based upon the correct دلالات that is the sixth أن يكون ذا فاطنة مهيبة وبصيرة بحيث أن you may use بين المتشب مشتبه ويعقل القياس he also has to be a person who's smart يستطيع أن يكون مهيبة ويعقل القياس so he can tell those which are the same he can put them in the right place and those which differ he can put them in that right place he's strong like that those are what a person who can who can do each he had that's a much tape that's his job أسفض المقلد the blind follower the blind follower is a person whose job is to only go to the علماء ask them wherever they tell him he takes it and he doesn't move forward he doesn't argue he sticks with what علماء say and that is based on the ayah فسألوا أهل الذكري إن كنتم لا تعلمون فسألوا ask أهل الذكري إن كنتم لا تعلمون and i will come to that آية when the sheikh brings it تقليد is what تقليد is قبول is to accept قول الغيري is to accept him of a statement of somebody else من غير دليل without any evidence he just says to you يجوز and you say thank you you just take it from him now the scholars they say تقليد is like ضرورة it's like eating a dead animal when do you go to eat in dead animals when you can't find food to eat تقليد is ضرورة is necessity once you you don't know a matter and you're a جاهل in it you ask those علماء and you say i have no knowledge of this issue and you take what they say مقلد and it's an insult some people today think it's an insult they attribute تقليد to أمة الكبار and they say they're مقلدين they are what مقلد and inshallah تعالى we're going to explain that point that تقليد is not a there are علماء in numbers and expect a lot who've spoken against تقليد especially some though some in which people still say that they're مقلدين and they clearly have spoken against تقليد because تقليد means what it means قبول قولي الغيري it's the acceptance of somebody else's speech without what من غيري دليل without any evidence you're just taking it from me the person who has ability who can look at evidence عليه الاجتهاد it's a wajib appointment to do it well to look for evidence it's obligatory wajib he's why because the evidence is what he was told to follow so the eye clearly says what don't follow the speeches of when the sauce is there he clearly states that this is eye he says it's an evidence to show that it is not permissible to take the view of a person when there is text test there he brings it in the eye when he speaks with that this is a that you can't take a statement of a scholar when there is a text in this issue you're not allowed to it's لا يجوز because and of course the person should be one who's able to look into the book of Allah he should be one who knows the book of Allah and this place is not a place where we go into this issue with very detail because it's a summary and we're just trying to go over it simplified في قوله وما أرسلنا قبلك إلا رجال النوحي إليهم فسألوا أهل الدكري إن كنتم لا تعلمون the sheikh says well the one who's unable unable from what what is he unable to do he is unable to do what he's unable to do each tihad and he's also unable to do it's didlal he can't he can't look at the delil he doesn't know nothing so what is upon him is for him to blind follow and it's also for him to what it is for him to ask around it is for him it is for him to ask as Allah تعالى the sheikh says as Allah تعالىه he mentions in both of the matters كما ذكر الله الأمريني الله mentioned both of the matters what two matters is referring to مجتهد and the مقلد both of them Allah mentioned them in this ayah وما أرسلنا we have not sent قبلك before you إلا رجال and except men so prophets were only men نوحي إليهم we have sent revelation on them فسألوا ask أهل الدكري that's the مجتهد إن كنتم لا تعلمون أنا is the مقلد so in this ayah what has come that there is a مجتهد and there is a مقلد now إن شاء الله تعالى I have to speak about a couple of points if a person is a person who doesn't know the book of Allah سبحانه وتعالى he has to follow what the scholar are you with me if you finish of the ayah وما أرسلنا قبلك وما أرسلنا قبلك إلا رجال النوح إليهم فسألوا أهل الدكري إن كنتم لا تعلمون after Allah says بالبينات والزبور يمرو كثير رحم الله يسأل بالبينات means what الحجد والدلائل you follow him with his حجة proof he brings and the evidences that he puts forward so this ayah shows us that what that there are two types of people within the ayah people who are Ahlu dhikr and the people who don't know the work of the one who doesn't know is two things the one who doesn't know his job is two things he doesn't know anything for him first of all he has to what ask the علاماء he has to go and ask the scholars what scholars is he ask علاماء والكتاب والسند the scholars who know the Kitab and the Sunnah also the other thing he has to do it is what he has to ask that question when he's asking that question he has to have to ask it for what he wants to learn knowledge from it so he can uplift from himself ignorance to uplift from himself ignorance and he also needs to question the scholar who's given him the third thing he has also tried to do is he has to ask the sheikh who's given him the thing يا شيخ what is it that you want your evidences come with so the ayah mentions three people already three people came out of it the the first one which was what and the second one is اكتم لا تعلمون and there's another people who are as زبر they want evidence for what they take from the scholar and those three are referred to as what they refer to as a مجتهد and a مقلد and a متبع the one who follows the evidences he goes to the علمان he says what's your evidence where did you extract this ruling from and the Imam would say to him that this is what the ayah said and he says to where's your وقتل استدلال and the sheikh would say my وقتل استدلال the way I've extracted the ruling is like this and he will say good and then he knows another scholar he's pointed the ayah out and he will look at which of those two are in accordance to the قواعد الفقية أن قواعد الأصولية أن مقاس الدشريعة because he has the he's a متبع he knows this he just can't come up


In 1838 the German educator Friedrich Fröbel laid the foundations of modern education when he opened the Play and Activity Institute. Fröbel soon called his institute a kindergarten, reflecting his belief that young children should be nurtured and nourished like plants in a garden. Fröbel, who studied under the Swiss educator Johann Pestilotsi, established the idea that games and playing are typical and essential forms of life. Activities in the kindergarten included singing, dancing, gardening, and self-directed play. Quality time spent like this was a considerable improvement to the life of many children, given that the alternative was often to help parents with work. He also introduced the concept of Frey Arbeit, which can be translated into free work. During set periods of time, children were allowed to work on things by themselves. When many adults saw pointless play, Fröbel saw important learning taking place. While practicing their concentration skills and resilience, the children also learned about engineering, logic, and physics. To help facilitate this process, he developed a set of educational toys known as Fröbel Gifts. The set contained 20 objects such as balls, blocks, and sticks. Fröbel carefully designed the toys to help the children in his kindergarten recognize and appreciate common patterns and forms found in nature. His innovative ideas soon found appeal, and many young educators came to learn from Fröbel and to see the immense potential displayed by children at his institute. Later, many of Fröbel's students opened their own kindergarten, and Germany experienced a rapid growth in the numbers of early childhood centers. Then something bad happened. After suppressing the German revolutions of 1848 to 49, the Prussian government started a crackdown on new democratic ideas, and women were forbidden from being politically active. The fact that some were operating a kindergarten all by themselves was seen as problematic. And so it didn't take long for the government to label Fröbel's kindergarten ideas as dangerous to both the state and church. Soon, all schools that followed Fröbel's principles were banned. For Fröbel, who saw his life's work destroyed and the future of all the children disrupted, this was a terrible blow. He died in dismay just a year later. But the ban caused a diaspora of kindergartners who could no longer work in Germany, spreading Fröbel's ideas all over the world. One of Fröbel's students founded the first kindergarten in the United States in 1856. But the story didn't end there. Exactly 20 years later, a young woman named Anna Lloyd-Jones stumbled upon a set of Fröbel's gifts at a visit to the First World's Fair in the United States. Anna, a teacher by training, was so excited by the wooden toys that she bought a set for her nine-year-old son. Little Frank loved the toys his mother brought home and began building all kinds of geometrical structures, first with the wooden toys, later in miniatures and with other materials. Without formal training, Frank Lloyd Wright became one of the world's most renowned architects, responsible for some of the most iconic buildings in modern architecture, many of which resemble Fröbel's toy blocks. Germany lifted its ban on kindergartens in 1860, realizing that it was a terrible mistake. And while Fröbel wasn't around anymore to witness the rebirth of his ideas in his homeland, they continued to spread around the world and became an inspiration for Maria Montessori, Rudolf Steiner and many others who set out to innovate formal education. Fröbel once said that, play is the highest expression of human development in childhood, for it alone is the free expression of what is in a child's soul. Frank Lloyd Wright described the influence of such play on his approach to design as follows. For several years, I sat at the little kindergarten tabletop and played with the cube, the sphere and the triangle.  How was your experience with play and learning when you were young? Did you go to kindergarten? And what are your thoughts on play as a medium for growth and development? Share your thoughts. To download this video without background music or to learn more about the topic, visit SproutSchools.com


This is SiliconANGLE.com exclusive coverage of OpenStack Summit. I'm John Furrier joined by co-host Jeff Frick here with the CTO of Service Mesh, Sean Douglas. Welcome back to theCUBE. Great to have you. Thank you very much. Good to see you. Good to see you. Thanks for having me. We like having alumni. We're on a different team now though so it's good to be back. Thanks for having me. So obviously OpenStack is going mainstream. We talked earlier segments about how awesome it is to see something grow open source wise the way it did organically. And now a lot of the big companies are coming on board. We're now a couple of years into the cloud wars, hypervisor conversations now evolved and OpenStack has now won that conversation. How do you describe the current state of the market? You were previously at EMC Ventures so you're pretty active in the cloud space. What's going on? You know the infrastructure level because there's a lot of things going on around people building clouds. What's your take on the current situation with the cloud? Well I mean so if you start first with the OpenStack space, I think it's really interesting times. So if you look, it really started out with just a few players. Now we've had fragmentation into all these different distributions if you will of OpenStack and getting major endorsement and support from IBM just like they did with Linux. And I think you're seeing the competitive hackles come up from VMware in the market where they really recognize that OpenStack is a potential competitive threat to their domination really of the enterprise, hypervisor and private cloud management market. And I think that every day we're seeing more and more people embrace OpenStack. And I mean we're big supporters. We manage both private cloud OpenStack solutions and can deploy OpenStack as well as we deploy two public cloud OpenStack solutions. You know pretty much the reason I'm here is I'm working with every one of the major distributions flavors of OpenStacks. And we want to work with the best of breed and provide enterprises with a solution that meets their needs and requirements and partnering with them as a key enabler because we're basically enabling the orchestration and management of all the OpenStack players. So talk about Service Mesh. I mean you guys are a company that's out there doing a lot of good work here. What does the company do? Just describe to folks what Service Mesh is all about. Yeah certainly. So Service Mesh is a cloud management platform for enterprises that are trying to transform their businesses to embrace a cloud operating model. We're really focused on the enterprise 2000 if you will and we've built the business over the past four years. I'm new to the team but I've been a huge fan prior to joining but we've built the business over the past four years focused on highly regulated industries such as financial services, healthcare where you need to have enterprise expertise and security and management capabilities that today up to this point have not really been available in cloud platforms so we're enabling enterprises to really go after a hybrid cloud solution. So we enable management across any of the 16 public cloud providers as well as the management of private cloud whether that be on VMware, whether that be on Hyper-V or on OpenStack and we can via a single built for purpose platform we can manage the deployment of your blueprint that's cloud agnostic across any of the public clouds or any of the private clouds all in context of your enterprise security and governance position and posture and that's a huge game changer for a CIO because a lot of these CIOs they recognize that they are going up and they're having to compete with the shadow IT if you will where people have started to use AWS in their enterprise and start to consume those resources and they get used to well why has IT been an impediment for me when my developers are going out and grabbing these resources and spinning these up but then they realized that hey I've got this whole compliance and governance and security issue where I've got people run amok, right? So what service mesh enables is you to take that problem and turn it into an opportunity and you can actually manage your deployment into public clouds in context of your governance and security compliance posture of an enterprise. So because we built our business in those environments we're just at an amazing advantage over other players today I'm not trying to just give you the pitch but over players today. But you are. But you are, talk about the other players talk about the competition then. Yeah. Who are those other players? So we run into BMC in almost every account BMC is their CLM product. It's really comprised of six different products glued together which requires about six to nine months install about $2 million in an army of professional services guys and we have a built for purpose package solution that has one common meta model and one policy engine that manages across all of that. So when we're in the account, you know, toe to toe we win when we, when they're already in there there's a sunken investment and it's a little bit more difficult. It's hard to throw that away. Yeah, it's hard to throw that away. So I'll talk a little bit. It's interesting kind of dichotomy at one end you've got companies that rely on IT as a competitive advantage. Right. Who really want to take advantage of all that the cloud promises to be whether it's speed or scale or cost. At the same time, if I teach your competitive advantage you probably have all types of regulations and security and all those things. But it's really probably the same person the same organizations that want to drive it. So talk a little bit about how they're making trade-off decisions and how they're prioritying and how they are finding ways to go forward and kind of the innovation while at the same time dealing with the reality that they got some real restrictions and real inhibitors to their ability to adopt some of this new stuff. Right. So, you know, I think that that's actually, you know, the interesting thing today about people that are starting to embrace a cloud-based operating model because, you know, the global fortune 100 for example they should have a significant competitive advantage just on capital spend and war chest of existing infrastructure spend to be able to go out and compete with smaller, more nimble companies. But what's happening is the smaller, more nimble companies have built their businesses on cloud-based operating models and because they built their businesses on cloud-based operating models they have this agility where the slow, larger corporations have, IT has been an inhibitor because of their policy, their compliance, their procurement process. You know, 80% of their spend is really focused on, you know, sustaining engineering where 20% is, you know, growing, you know, new opportunities where, you know, the more agile guys, it's all in on the more agile stuff and what we do is we enable a CIO to adopt that cloud-based operating model by orchestration of whatever the underlying resources are whether that be Hyper-V or VMware or OpenStack or deploy into AWS or Rackspace or whatever. We can do all of that in context of the application. So we do application-centric orchestration of the underlying infrastructure and we can do that in context of the software development lifecycle. So it's really a DevOps for the enterprise story. So yes, we plug into Puppet or what have you there but we can deploy, for example, all your developers will get, you know, 10 AWS instances but when they commit their code into Git and it gets built in Jenkins, when they deploy, maybe they deploy in our data center on a VBlock or on a, you know, FlexPod or whatever and when they move to production, that'll be, they can move that around and we can follow that through the lifecycle being at the right place at the right time with the right security and role-based access model which is very much an enterprise play. So, you know, I think it's an interesting time. You know. And are they getting it? Are they getting it that the reality is that the credit card wants to do a little project on AWS, he's going to do it. So rather than really kind of fight the tide, it's more, you know, how do we, how do we embrace it? How do we make it part of our procedure and enable him to move from his little toy project which was fine into, you know, production and into kind of our mature and more regulated infrastructure. I think the CIOs fully get this problem and it's a huge challenge for them.   So if you can help the CIO transform their business into this cloud based operating model across public and private, I mean, it's game changing for them. So what does that mean? That means instead of nine months to deploy a new application that could be, you know, literally if you have some type of a platform, whether it's us or somebody else, whatever, if you can spin that up on demand in context of the application, spinning up VMs is not really strategic, right? Being able to spin up a VM and to do workflow automation around that. Okay, so I can spin up virtual machines faster but every single workflow is specific to a virtual machine and that's like building snowflakes. So now you want to do it automatically, so you've got a snow-making machine. We were talking about that with Randy Byas and I think this is a misconception is that it's not about virtual machines. No, it's about applications. It's about really transforming the data centers. Let's drill down the CIO thing. So obviously CIOs have legacy and they have a data center and the cloud is a resource, there's economics involved. Amazon has proven that this is a viable way. So they're all like, okay, I want some of that, but they have to fit it into their architecture. So hybrid cloud has emerged as this bridge between the data center, the old data center and the benefits of the public cloud, aka Amazon and web services. How do you guys look at that and tell us in your opinion, expert opinion, what is this hybrid cloud for the enterprise? What does it really mean and what can enterprises do today that you guys have experience on that you could share? Okay, that's a lot there. So fundamentally I believe that private cloud or public cloud is where we're at in the industry today. I think where people need to go is to be able to manage effectively cloud brokers across your public cloud and your private cloud. And you want to be able to say, I want to put the right workload at the right place, at the right time, at the right cost point. And if you go with just a one vendor solution that only manages a private cloud and one vendor solution that only manages public cloud, by definition, you've locked yourself in. In a cloud broker like us, or there's other players out there that provide this cloud broker function, really, enables you to have vendor contestability across, hey, I'm going to negotiate my VMware enterprise license. Hey, watch this, click, watch me move to Hyper-V. Click, watch me move to AWS. Move my, rebuild my application in each of those environments. That puts the power back in the CIO's hands, right? They're not locked into a vendor. They're now realizing the value of a cloud-based operating model. And that's, that's, that's huge. So have they gotten to the maturity where they can delineate projects and or enable people that need to spin up projects to allocate that project to the most appropriate cloud option? So different customers are at different stages, but for example, you take some of our, you know, early showcase customers like UBS, like Commonwealth Bank of Australia, like Visa, some of these guys, these guys are what they'll do is they've, this becomes the architectural control point, really, and across their public and their private clouds. And they can do at a very fine level of granularity. Well, that can actually start at a business unit, okay? The, you know, credit card processing business unit. I'm making this up, right? We'll have this ability to consume, manage, deploy, scale up, scale down resources based upon who they are, where they're at in the application lifecycle, right? But then they can do lower levels of granularity, for example, and we do this and other people do this as well. And you can, by giving this role-based access control in context of the software development or application lifecycle, it's a huge edge for them because they can automate and remove manual process and steps. And if you, like, we've got, our marketing guys have slides, I'm sorry, I'm the CTO, not the marketing guy, but if you look at that, there's customers like, you know, one of the, I think it's Commonwealth Bank in Australia that saved hundreds of millions of dollars just cutting out in additional process and infrastructure and what have you and accelerated their business and in time to value for applications. We're seeing similar things in the converged device players. People are going and buying, for example, Vblocks or Flexpods or whatever HDS this thing is, right? And they're going, hey, I love, I'm doing a data center refresh. You know, over the next three years, I'm going to get rid of all my servers and I'm doing standard converge on a converged device. And they're going, well, even if I get a converged device, it's still three weeks to six months to time to value.   The attributes of the application and those people that are executing it to find which cloud, which resources is pulled from a pool of resources. And I kind of got, you got cloud, cloud squared, right? I have many options and based on the requirements and the cost, I may choose to deploy based on how you define your project on this pool of this pool. You don't know, it's still a cloud within a cloud. I'm just doing it. It's a developer angle, right? So, the developers are in charge. I think I want to drill down on the point you made about pressing the button and limiting those licenses and moving things around on a hypervisor. The developers are in charge and you and I talk pretty much about infrastructure as code. What is going on about OpenStack today that makes this possible? Because that seems like a little bit of a fantasy. You just go back a couple of years, wait a minute, CIOs are in charge and that's a good theme. They want to be in charge. They would love to get rid of their data centers if they could. So, okay, there's some new stuff happening. Each of you's got new servers for low energy. Okay, cool, density, power, cooling. But the developer angle, how does that affect and what is OpenStack? Why is OpenStack relevant in that context? So, I think OpenStack is incredibly relevant in that context because effectively, OpenStack has the potential and is becoming the cloud operating system, alternative to VMware's cloud operating system, right? And it's a preventative against Amazon. Yeah, exactly. So, behind the firewall, you can have Amazon-like services, right? So, I mean, I think that in order to do that type of management at scale, you have to start treating your infrastructure as code. You have to embrace a DevOps model. What does that mean to you? So, describe infrastructure as code. What does that specifically mean? So, I mean, look at what people have.  And I'm doing that 14 years ago in my career when I was still writing code, right? But I think what's different is that it's all about trust. Automation is about trust. And I think we're getting to a point in the industry where people trust the automation tools to do management at scale. And instead of managing one or two or a hundred or like, you know, when I was at LoudCloud, it was like we were managing a thousand or 2,000 virtual, I mean, physical machines. That was amazing scale. Now, people manage, you know, hundreds of thousands of machines in order to do that, you have to automate that. In order to automate that, you have to have treat those configurations and check those configurations in so you can roll forward, roll back. And if you don't do that, you have a manager. So, Amazon is automating a lot. So, if you look at the current state of Amazon web services, they are eliminating the ops and dev ops because the developers just code and all the ops has been automated away. We're still dev ops, we're just using their ops. Yeah. A developer doesn't need to be an ops guy to run on Amazon, but that's a little bit, you know, a unique corner case when you're just, you know, in a vacuum by yourself. But if you're an enterprise, talk about why Amazon is feared by CIOs and folks. Oh, this is an amazing story, right? I mean, if you talk to the AWS guys, I've talked to them quite a few times in the past, and they have waged a long-term war on enterprise software where it's margin compression over time. And they want it. And they're doing it. And they're doing it. They're killing it, right? I mean, we love AWS. We're working with them all over the place and as well as with Rackspace, as well as with, you know, the open stack guys for, you know, the public cloud providers. I mean, it is.  They're commoditizing infrastructure and the same time innovating. This is the Larry Ellison Linux play, you know, 10 years ago, right? Where he just, you know, tried to just commoditize everything except for the database. Well, Amazon is like, hey, we're used to operating at 3% margins. We're going to, you know, now go after this 90 plus percent margin of business, right? So, you know, there are, you know, very strategic- So why are CIOs afraid of Amazon? Is it just the way things were done in the past? Is it really this data security? Are there things that are legit fears? Well, I think that the legitimate fears are, you could go to jail if you put the wrong data there and it gets, you know, something happens to that, right? I think that's a legitimate fear and I think that's why we'll have hybrid clouds. You will put what is, you know, regulated by compliance that you go to jail if somebody gets into it behind the firewall and you can do non-core or adjacent or bursting functionality into public clouds or development into public clouds and you have to be able to broker across those. And for us, that's a great story because that is our story, right? What is the biggest trend driving your business at Service Mesh right now?  I think that cloud has reached maturity. I think people have started to embrace DevOps in general. They're reckoning, I mean, if you like, go like there's a Gartner slide somewhere that shows this transition from, you know, transition to a cloud operating model and it starts out in the beginning, ah, virtualization, I can get increased density on my servers and I can get a better ROI. And then you go, okay, well, that doesn't help me spin up applications any faster. Okay, well, now we need to do continuous integration and continuous delivery and then you're like, okay, well, I've done the whole DevOps thing. Then the CIO goes, holy cow, I got all these guys running loose in a muck in AWS. I didn't even know I had the risk there. Now I have this risk there. So now it becomes, I have to have a hybrid cloud. Well, now I have a hybrid cloud. You're like, well, I have this cloud and I have this cloud, well, now it's, how do I tie those together so I can really deliver infrastructure as a service to my business, platform as a service to my business, treat my enterprise applications like software as a service and maintain that service level that people have come to expect from AWS. It's a tough position to be a CIO right now. I mean, that's a tough job. I throw the more rocks on his back and say power and cooling costs are up through the roof. Oh yeah. I mean, power alone is killing them. The density for machines is just, it's just insane. You look at, have you, that's why we're on the Columbia River up here in Portland, right? We've got all the cheap hydro power up here. Put your data center up here. Have you guys seen IO data? No. So IO data is this company that they're doing these modular building block. They started out shipping like containers. Now they're doing the whole inside of data centers and they're basically treating them, each of those elements as autonomous units that self-regulate heating, cooling, spin up, spin down. We've got this project. We're working with them. Can we actually orchestrate the movement of workloads around based upon energy, heat, cooling, consumption? Right? It's a crazy time. People, I want to ask you a question because this is what people will say about your business in general. It's not your company, but like the category. Automation's great, but it's the car before the horse. How do you respond to that? Is that true? Do you not believe it? Is there certain instances in order? You have to have the infrastructure first then automated. Or is there low-hanging fruit that you guys can go in and do business with on the automation? Explain this whole automation thing. Yeah, so we fundamentally believe that people are going to have data centers. They're going to have private clouds. They're going to have public clouds. So you have to have that, right? That's the baseline. So if you look at the Gartner model, there's the resources. There's the server, switches, storage. You virtualize those, et cetera, et cetera. You build on that, on top of that. And then you have this, we're above that line. We're not in the business of building clouds. We're in the business of operating and running across clouds and managing those resources. So we would agree with that. They're like, yeah, sure. You got to have all that stuff and we're going to increase the efficiency of operation, consumption, and make it application and business focused. So empower the CIO to reduce the time to value. All right, final questions. We're coming up on the time limit here. Future of this business, cloud, and specifically, what's going to happen with OpenStack? How do you see OpenStack evolving? So one, future cloud, how it will evolve in the enterprise and with service providers, obviously creating a modern era of infrastructure, infrastructure as code, whatever you want to call it. And then what do you think about OpenStack's prospects and their growth? So I think that the world is bifurcating or splitting into maybe more than two, but there's the VMware views of the world and there's the OpenStack. And then Microsoft's actually making an aggressive play that I'm pretty impressed with what they're doing with Azure and System Center, Scom, et cetera. I think that you really, those become the new cloud operating systems. It no longer becomes about the hypervisor or hyper V or whatever, right? I think it's about having this cloud-based operating system. And I think that OpenStack is effectively the next cloud-based, the open vendor, kind of neutral cloud-based operating system. And I don't see how it cannot be successful. I'm a huge fan. We're working with just about all of the players trying to make sure that we can enable- People are bringing code to the table. Yeah, it's huge. And there's massive contributions. There's a lot of deployments. So there's meat in the bone and this hype. So it's good. Look at PayPal. I mean, you saw the PayPal story. That's huge, right? Yeah, we've got the consult angle covered on. Yeah, yeah. Marentus, they don't want to talk about it. It's kind of like cats out of the bag. They're killing it. Fusion IO was really successful. They had Facebook as a client and Apple. And they just weren't allowed to talk about it as one of those things where their best deployments were under QT. Okay, so with OpenStack, I see 3,000 people here and growing. They have an event, just a spectacular growth. The final, final question is, tell the folks out there in your opinion who are looking at OpenStack, maybe been reading about it on Silicon Angle or kicking the tires, who want to dip their toe in the water, who want to maybe join and contribute or participate, explain to them what's going on here and how do they do that? I mean, what's the best advice you can give them? I think that they just get online and start working with some of the thought leaders in the space. I mean, you've got to look at what, like, Piston's doing, look at what Morantis is doing, look at what Rackspace is doing. Piston will be on next.  Look at what they're doing. There's real customers using this today. If you're not aware of what's happening, you're behind the ball. And for developers, what's your advice for developers? There's a certain profile. What's in demand right now for developers? I think, well, I mean, there's still, there's the classic, you know, whatever code you write, but people who are aware of the ability to orchestrate infrastructure via AWS's APIs or via OpenStacks APIs, it's a no-brainer. If I was a developer, I'd be all over it. Hey, the service-oriented architecture's coming back. Yeah, it's kind of funny. Hey, it took 10 years after the dot-com bubble burst before the web was actually functional, as they say. But yeah, we're back. We're back to service levels and services, APIs, Amazon, again, great stuff by Amazon. And I think they've forced the market. Right. And that's exciting to see. And the enterprises are retooling and there's investments. A lot of people are investing in cloud-building. The question is, you know, what kind of clouds will they build? Yeah, exactly. Okay, Sean Douglas, CTO of Service, Mesh here inside theCUBE, exclusive coverage of the SiliconANGLE's coverage of theCUBE. We'll be right back with our next guest after this short break.


Welcome to the snap the segment where we answer frequently asked questions in a very rapid fire format. So let's get right into it For this snap, we're going to be discussing the brand new dinocoil We've already anticipated a lot of the questions that you may have with it So we're just going to get right into it. How much concentrate do you apply to the dinocoil? Just like the entire VapCap lineup less is more start with a very small amount and go from there Because you can always add more later on how many heat cycles do you get per application of concentrate? Depending on your heating technique, you're going to get around two to six heating cycles per application and That will vary based on your technique your torch that you're using and how warm your environment is So there's a couple different variables there. Can you apply concentrate when the Dino coil is still warm Definitely it actually works best when the tip and coil has been primed because it's going to melt a little bit right away right when you apply it rather than trying to put a Sticky resinous substance on to it. It's not going to want to release where if it's warm. It's going to melt right into it That has been the snap I'll be sure to check out our other videos here and here and be sure to subscribe and ring the bell to be notified When we release more great content


It's... Diggity! Morning, y'all. Day two, Texas. I don't know how to drive a car. Oh my God. What is that? I think it hit the brakes right there. What's wrong with this? You know what I mean? I think Nicky Rod's on the way. Rumors eased out. One of the best jujitsu practitioners and grapplers on freaking planet Earth. And although I know nothing about that world, literally close to zero, I do like hanging out with elite athletes. I think you can learn a lot from their mindset. One, it's just cool. Typically there are people that have done a lot, seen a lot. Face a lot of adversity, because you can't really get to the top of anything easily. That's kind of where the magic lies, of what you can learn. And that's what just changed the direction, man. All right. This underhook right here, look. See that? Ready? Yeah. That just changed directions.  I changed directions. Got scared. What's up? Do I try to sit up? Oh. You're typically on the opposite direction. What happens when I turn? Help me. Yeah, if you go in this direction, it's easy for me to... 90% of the guys are good guys. So as he turns away, right here. Freeze here. That's true. You guys earned it. I did not. You try to track your macros at all, or you just kind of weigh yourself to be in a reign?  You eat the pulleys or only the bicepies? One or two. Oh, you don't care? Only the bicepies. Okay. And you eat the back. Okay. Not okay. Three variety-ish. I think they're cool machines. I like to try stuff, but I'm done. I probably need to go with pat three. I'll go with some heavy vertical ones. Yeah. So maybe I have to weight it, pull up. Yeah. Then single ones. Yeah. Single vert, and then like the horizontal, like bent over red. What was that? Heavy. Heavy. I normally like to go, I normally like to go, pull up, machine, machine. Whatever machine, machine. Are you trying to be a bodybuilder? Yes. That's how I stay away from machines. Okay, dude. Yeah, but how little bit of this, I would do machines all day, but we need real compound movements. What are you doing? I don't feel nothing. Thank you, sir. Lift ATX. Lift ATX. Thank you. So we're keeping today? No way, dude. We're just doing momentum everywhere. Okay. This is real life. So bad. Every time I go in for a session, green core coil ups, okay? That counts for the green core. Give me this. It looks good here. Is it? We're just like the greens pop in. Oh, this is cool. Catch a tan. Dude, it's like so much better. That's pretty good for a big-ass guy. He does have long arms, too. Yeah. 35. Here is the bodybuilder, Boris Shaco. Yeah, yeah, yeah. How do you program? Yeah, yeah. You're doing the bodybuilder. What's your arm? Oh, very good. That's what I come to say. What's up? What's up? What's up? I bought that one in the offseason. I love it. I've been burning for years, man. Appreciate it, man. Can I get a photo of you? Boris, are you from here? No, I'm from Chicago. Oh, second. Okay, I moved down here about two years ago. There we go. Nice. You're strong. That's explosive. Not easy. Right, just as you're both- Okay, Kai Green. Whatever the f*** you want to do, I'll do it. I'll also be regularly trained. Like lifting? Yeah, like lifting. Once a day? Once a day? Yeah, it varies from, like, you know, not too intense to a couple days, pretty intense. You said it was mainly like bodybuilding style, right? Honestly, now it's more like crossfit style when I'm lifting. I do things like e-moms every minute or a minute, or like, yeah, more dynamic movements as opposed to just a strict, like, bodybuilding style. That's just mainly because my goal is to switch from building size and more so being stronger, longer. More like cardio. More cardio, yeah. Don't get weird? Back row rather than like a lat row. You know what I mean? Like elbows have a flair. It's like too loose with no weight. You know how you're f***ing flying? It feels pretty good.  I've never, never, never witnessed it myself.  Everything feels a little loose. My whole life's loose. That is a problem. I'll work you new guys. My level of effort. Yeah, now hold me. Turn me on, beautiful. Yeah. This girl's gonna make you pretty. Too holy. Far corner. High green. Medium one.  That's crazy. I need my backyard side space. So that fits for that workout. For the gym. That's lit. Pretty good, right? Like that. Will that be done when the pool's done? Ish? It will be, but I have to move it out. I'm going 3 p.m. on my birthday. We'll be there, dude. Mid-summer. 115 degrees. It'll be 150 degrees, dude.   That's pretty bad.