Before we move on to the next item of business, I invite members to join me in welcoming to the gallery her Excellency Maria Hatrdova, Ambassador of Czechia. The next item of business is consideration of business motion 8981 in the name of George Adam on behalf of the Parliamentary Bureau on changes to this week's business and any member who wishes to speak against the motion should press their request to speak button now and I call on George Adam to move the motion. Thank you, Presiding Officer, and moved. No member has asked to speak against the motion, therefore the question is that motion 8981 be agreed. Are we all agreed? The motion is therefore agreed. The next item of business is topical questions and at question number one I call Pam Duncan-Glancy. To ask the Scottish Government what its response is to the reported comments made by the children and young people's commissioner Scotland that the Scottish Government has absolutely failed to deliver for children. I thank Bruce Adamson for all that he has done as children and young people's commissioner but I do not recognise the picture that he paints. This is a Government that introduced the game-changing Scottish child payment to tackle child poverty. We are delivering 1,140 hours of funded early learning and childcare to all three and four-year-olds and eligible two-year-olds. We have introduced free bus travel for all under 22s and we have the most generous provision of free school meal entitlement in any other part of the UK. We are doing all of this as a devolved Government within a fixed budget and despite that we will continue to make real progress in delivering for our children in what have been and continue to be very challenging times. Pam Duncan-Glancy, I thank the cabinet secretary for that answer. The Children's Commissioner is hugely respected and has long shown his personal and professional commitment to children's and young people's rights and for that I would like to thank him today. He is fundamentally correct in saying that the SNP Government has failed on its promises to children and young people. They have failed on the attainment gap, on free bikes, child poverty, counselling in schools, free school meals and the list goes on. So does the cabinet secretary accept that it is time for the Government to stop patting itself on the back and actually start working to improve the lives of children and young people in Scotland? I thank Pam Duncan-Glancy for her response. I, too, have great respect for Bruce Adamson. In fact, I sat on the appointment panel for his appointment back in 2017 when I was a backbencher. The member will appreciate that I have been in post for six weeks now. However, I would certainly welcome an opportunity to discuss those matters with the outgoing Children's Commissioner, who I understand will deem it off us from tomorrow. I have asked to meet him on the points that he has raised in the press. Fundamentally, the role of the Children's Commissioner is about improving the lives of our young people. I very much look forward to working constructively with the new Children's Commissioner, Nicola Cline, when she takes up post later this year. I have to refute some of the suggestions that Ms Duncan-Glancy has made this afternoon, Presiding Officer. However, I also think that it is important that we have context in this debate, because the latest poverty statistics, for example, were published in March so that Scottish child poverty rates remain 6 per cent lower than in other parts of the UK, 24 per cent compared to 30 per cent in 29, 22 per cent, 31 per cent in England, 28 per cent in Wales and 22 per cent in Northern Ireland respectively. Those statistics alone cover the period in which the pandemic was having a significant economic impact, but they also show the devastating impact of the UK Government's decade of austerity and its welfare cuts for many Scottish families. I think that I heard a member from the Conservatives bend to say for heaven's sake. I was listening very intently to the Children's Commissioner in his interview. Briefly, Cabinet Secretary, please. He mentioned Philip Alston, the UN's commissioner, talking about political choices. It was, of course, the UN's special rapporteur that spoke about the limits of devolution in relation to mitigating Westminster austerity. Indeed, context does matter. Whilst the Cabinet Secretary has been imposed for six weeks, we have had an SNP Government here for 16 years. The commissioner has clearly struck a nerve in his human rights defending. So, would the cabinet secretary agree that avoiding responsibility for his own shortcomings is why this Government has delayed the UNCRC and refused immediate commencement when the bill does come back, because that is exactly its purpose, to ensure that the Government is truly accountable for upholding children and young people's rights? Cabinet Secretary, I hate to say to Pam Duncan Glancy that the Scottish Government and the SNP are not responsible for Covid nor are they responsible for the impacts of the cost of living crisis. Ms Duncan Glancy may wish to look elsewhere in relation to the challenges that have been presented to this Government in challenging both of those external factors. If you listened to what the Children's Commissioner said, he acknowledged that there have been external factors that have placed a challenge. In relation to the UNCRC, there has not been prevarication. Fixing the bill is really complicated. We need to address, of course, the Supreme Court judgment. I think that I will go back to 2021 when this Parliament unanimously voted for that legislation. Of course, the UK Government challenged that legislation and we respect the outcome of the Supreme Court, but it is hugely important that we now go back to fix the legislation to ensure that we improve the rights of children and young people. We do so as quickly as possible. Yes, there is a responsibility on this Government and our officials continue to engage, but, of course, there is also a responsibility on the part of the UK Government. I hope that the member would respect that and acknowledge that. Thank you, Presiding Officer. Failure to close the poverty-related attainment gap, failure to amend the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child, failure to close the pupil-to-teacher ratio for your teachers, your maths teachers, your English teachers, for your classroom assistants, for your primary, secondary and ASN schools, school buildings unsuitable for modern-day teaching, over 1,000 school buildings not inspecting the last 10 years, failure to reduce classroom sizes, violent attacks on our teachers, exodus of private and voluntary nursery staff, fewer childminders, 11,000 childminding places lost, not keeping the promise, entries in higher science subjects at 5-year low, entries in higher English and maths at 5-year-old low, teachers sidelined in education reforms, key recommendations on SQA reforms rejected, literacy and numeracy standards failing, curriculum for excellence and anemiticated failure. There is clearly not enough time to go through the list of failures by this SNP Government. Where are the laptops? Where are the bikes? This is a legacy of an SNP-run Scotland. My question is simply this. What mess created by the cabinet secretary's predecessors will the cabinet secretary focus on first? What a dispiriting question from Megan Galcher. I do not really know where to start. I spend a lot of my time speaking to teachers and those who work with our children and young people. I spent a lot of time on Friday and on Saturday speaking to the Secondary Teachers Association at their conference and at Nazwick's conference in Aberdeen. More broadly, it is really incumbent on all of us to remember that this is about our children and young people and not to politicise these issues as the member has sought to do. Reading out a list of policy areas does in no way help to improve children's lives in Scotland and talking about failure, in my view, is also not the place to start. Working constructively with Government is the way in which we can improve children's lives. That is why, of course, later this week I will be meeting with Ms Gallagher's colleague, I will be meeting with my Opposition counterpart in the Labour Party and in the Liberal Democrats and I will work across party boundaries on this issue, because it is absolutely important that we get this right for Scotland's children and young people. Alex Cole-Hamilton Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. Another area that the Outgoing Children's Commission has successfully challenged this Government on was the age of criminal responsibility. In 2019, to much fanfare, the Government changed it from the lowest in the world at 8 to just 12. During the proceedings, you will remember, the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child uplifted the de minimis position of 12 to 14. We didn't even get to the bottom, and there was still celebration. Is the cabinet secretary content that we are still behind Russia and China in terms of the age at which we hold children criminally responsible for their actions? When will her Government address that so that we at least meet the very floor of international expectation? I thank the member for his question. There may be split ministerial responsibility in relation to the justice secretary on this matter. I recall some of the debates at the time on the issue in relation to the legislation. I will be more than happy to write to him directly on the points that he has raised. There should be no doubt that Nicola Sturgeon has made huge progress putting in place the building blocks that are needed to end child poverty in Scotland. That is the assessment of child poverty action group director John Dickie. However, the Scottish Government is working with one hand tied behind its back. What analysis has the Scottish Government carried out into the impact of UK welfare reforms and how many children could be lifted out of poverty in Scotland if those key policies were reversed? I thank the member for her question. I go back to my response to Ms Duncan-Glancy. It is important that we have context about the powers that this Government has in this Parliament and the external factors that are undoubtedly impacting on our children and young people. Our own analysis that was published in April last year estimated that reversing key UK Government welfare changes that have taken place just since 2015 could lift an estimated 70,000 people out of poverty, including 30,000 children in Scotland of this year. That is why we have consistently urged the UK Government to match our ambitions in tackling child poverty head on through reversing, for example, its policies such as the benefit cap and the child cap on the bedroom tax and also introducing a similar game changing benefit such as our Scottish child payment. I look forward to working with the UK Government on those issues, recognising, of course, that responsibility for some of those powers rests in another Parliament. To ask the Scottish Government what steps it is taking to reduce violence in schools in light of reports that three teachers and a 14-year-old pupil have been injured in a disturbance at a Renfisher school. I hope that the member will appreciate that. I cannot comment on the specifics of an on-going police investigation. However, no teacher or member of staff should suffer verbal or physical abuse at their place of work. It is for schools and local councils to respond to specific instances of challenging behaviour, notwithstanding. I have discussed this matter with the Association of Directors of Education only last week. I also chaired the Scottish advisory group on relationships and behaviour in schools on Thursday, with COSLA and with trade union representatives. We are currently gathering evidence that will help us better to understand behaviour in our schools at a national level. That is to our behaviour in Scottish schools research, which we will report by the end of this year. That will ensure future policy, guidance and support for our school staff, reflects the current challenges in our schools, but also what is working well. Finally, I have been engaging with our trade union partners on this issue most recently at the SSTA and, as what conferences held this weekend. Naturally, I will not comment on the specifics of this case. We wish those affected a speedy return to the classroom. However, here is what I can comment on. That is the sad reality that incidents like this are not unique. There have been 75,000 incidents of physical or verbal attacks by pupils against teachers and school staff of the last five years, and that does not include this year. Last year, there were nearly 20,000 such attacks, including 191 incidents, involving the potential carrying of a dangerous item or weapon. 64 were so serious that they were reported to the police. We have been raising this issue in this Parliament for years because the problem has been on the rise for years. Something has to change. My question, therefore, is this, what will change and when will it change? Mr Greene, for his question, he will recognise, given my professional experience before I was an MSP, that I take a keen interest in this matter. As I mentioned, in my initial response, it was raised at both teachers' conferences over the weekend. Fundamentally, we first of all need to recognise that Covid has changed the culture in our schools. Yes, that is changing relationships, it is changing behaviour. It is also changing things like attendance. There are broader changes happening in our school communities that we need to be cognisant of and we need to better support our school staff responding to those incidents when they become extreme. The second thing that I would say to Mr Greene is that we also need to provide context. In my experience as a teacher, those examples that he has cited today are few. Yes, they happen, but they are not the norm in terms of behaviour that happens in our schools. We need to be careful about how we characterise behaviour in our schools as politicians, because we do not want to send a message that is indifferent to the reality in our classrooms up and down the country. Teachers, on a daily basis, are equipped with the necessary skills and expertise to diffuse challenging situations as and when they happen in front of them. The third thing that I would say in response is to remember when we are talking about specific incidents—to be mindful, we are talking about the impacts on staff, we are also talking about the impacts on our children and our young people, and as a teacher I always think about that in relation to responding to incidents. We just need to be careful as politicians not to use specific examples to form policy. That is why, in my initial response to the member, I talked about the national evidence base. The last time that evidence was gathered was in 2016. It has not been updated as a result of the pandemic. I asked a number of weeks ago now for an update on that. I am not able to get access to the data until autumn of this year, but at that time I will share with Parliament the updated national picture in relation to behaviour in our schools. Jamie Greene I mean the problem with that response is with respect to the cabinet secretary. 75,000 is not few incidents. This is not a unique or isolated incident. It is in the tens of thousands. If you do not believe me, listen to the EIS representing a body of teachers. Their former president Heather Hughes said that violent incidents are happening more and more in our schools because the young people and teachers are not getting the support they need. Nothing to do with Covid whatsoever. She said that a year ago. The reality is that teachers are at their wits end. They should not be afraid to go to work in the morning. I agree that it is other pupils and young people who have to bear the brunt of this disruption to their learning and their wider school experience. I am afraid to say that the cabinet secretary is one of many education ministers. We have had promising action on this. Saying that it is just a matter for individual schools or councils simply does not wash any more. This is a national problem that requires a national solution. When will we see a comprehensive plan from this Government to deal with rising violence in our schools? I thank the member for his question. He cites evidence from the EIS. Of course, I am formally a member of the EIS. I recognise their views on the subject. I have spoken to the EIS on this matter already. If the member has listened to any of the interviews that I have given or some of my comments in relation to culture in our schools, he will know that this issue is really at the forefront of my mind in recognising how Government can respond. However, I suppose that my point to the member is that local authorities have a statutory responsibility at local level to deliver education in our schools. Therefore, they too have a responsibility in responding to extreme events. It is really important that when extreme events occur, and I accept that they do occur, although I would say that they are not the norm in my experience, but I accept that they do occur in our schools, that local authorities support their staff and support their young people in responding to those events. That is what I am working with COSLA on. I outlined in my initial response to the member the action that I am taking with COSLA, the action that I am taking in relation to the Sagrabus group, the action in relation to the behaviour in Scottish schools. I hear Mr Kerr heckling from a sedentary position. I have to say that he probably would not be able to do that in my classroom, but nonetheless I have outlined my plan to the member. I was going to go on to talk about promoting positive behaviour, so I looked to the Conservative benches with some hope and encouragement that they too might respond to that call, but more seriously there is a call to action in relation to Government, but also my point to the teaching unions this weekend, which was a call to the teaching workforce to tell me what they think is going to work in our schools. I do not claim to have all the answers in this as Cabinet Secretary, nor as a former teacher. I think that the teaching workforce knows exactly what they need in relation to the support and guidance that we provide them in schools. Yes, there is a level of that that we can provide at national level, but actually our local authority partners will be key to tackling this. It is right that the local authorities have a responsibility on this, but the interpretation of violent incidents varies across the whole of Scotland. That means bringing together these statistics is almost impossible, and that responsibility surely rests with the Government. The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 states that employers must carry out risk assessments to protect employees from exposure to reasonably foreseeable violence. So can the Cabinet Secretary say what discussions she has had with local authorities about improving these violent risk assessments so that she can compare like with like, and what discussions has she had about providing resources to support the mental health provisions for students at which mental health challenges lie at the base of a significant number of these conflicts that occur within school? As I alluded to in my response to Mr Greene, I already met with COSLA on this matter to talk about their role. I met most recently with them only last week as part of the Sagrobus wider behaviour group. They co-chair that group with the Government, and I have asked that group to come back with recommendations in relation to the action that we can take. The data that I alluded to in my response to Mr Greene will not be forthcoming until autumn. That is because of the data sets that our researchers have used, unfortunately. However, I accept the need for the Government to act, but the Government needs to act in partnership with our local authorities. More broadly, the member's point is an important one. Of course, in general, in terms of the points that he makes around mental health and support for our young people, there is an issue there. Of course, we have provided funding in relation to secondary schools having access to counselling services in the range of £16 million. However, it is not just about specialists in our schools, it is also about our classroom teachers. It is also about our learning assistants and our behaviour support assistants, who are often paid much less than our classroom teachers. We need to recognise that that this is about a whole school response, a whole community response. Yes, that includes Government, but it also, as the member has alluded to, includes our local authority partners. That is why I am really keen to take this work forward with COSLA and our trade unions. Willie Rennie? I hope that the cabinet secretary has got this at the top of her priority list, because teachers and pupils are sick to the back teeth of how they are being treated in our schools. It is a huge problem. I think that it is causing massive issues with the management within our schools. My real concern is that the last cabinet secretary did not attend the advisory group back in December. The survey that she talked about will not be available until the autumn. I fear that the Government is not moving fast enough. There has been a mushrooming of cases since the pandemic. There has been a problem with mental health, the lack of resources, additional support needs. All of those issues should be at the top of her list. What can she say to reassure me that she fully understands the problem that exists in schools? I thank Mr Rennie for his question. He really does not need to tell me what teachers think. I spend most of my time, if I am not speaking to my political colleagues, speaking to my former friends and colleagues who work in education. They are very clear on telling me exactly what they think. I very much recognise the challenge here, as I alluded to in my response to Mr Greene. Of course, there is a wider national work. I think that it is really important that Mr Rennie previously raised a specific case in his constituency. We need to be careful as politicians not to look at the specifics, but to look at the national picture. What is it telling us? We do not yet have that date. We do not yet have that data because it has not been gathered since 2016, so I want to look at that data in more detail. The second point that I make is that the Sagrabas work is really fundamental to this endeavour. It will work with COSLA, but it will also work with our trade union partners. Certainly on Saturday and Friday, I know that there is a real encouragement from our trade union partners that they are part of the solution in identifying how we can better support our schools. I hope that that gives Mr Rennie a reassurance. I spent much of my time as Cabinet Secretary over the course of the past six weeks looking at that issue and trying to get that granularity that we do not yet have. However, it is important, as I say, that we do not look at the specifics necessarily of those extreme cases and that we instead look to support our local authority partners on the ground and help fundamentally to support those who work with our children and young people. So yes, teaching staff, but also learning support assistance, behaviour support assistance too.


In the last class, we talked about the introduction to this course. In this class, we will be talking about the principles of maintenance. The question is, you know, what are the techniques of maintenance available to us and what kind of techniques and tools need to be known before we can apply maintenance to different plants and which kind of maintenance is beneficial, where and how and so on. The question is, you know, why do we need to have a plant maintenance? Obviously, you know, we would not like to do overdo and maintenance. You know, of course, maintenance also involves cost. I would not like to maintain a, re-maintain and maintain and so on because it is for the sake of maintenance. The machine may be up and running and doing good, but then I unnecessarily do a maintenance. But sometimes, you know, as you all know, for strategic reasons, sometimes we have to maintain it even if the things may be okay.  I would not like my missile not to fire when I want it to fire. These are cases which we cannot take for granted, but of course, which we do always, you know, the OEM manufacturer of your car would have told, you know, every 5000 kilometer, go to the service station to get your oil changed. Sometimes we do it. Sometimes we do not do it. Nothing goes wrong with it. Okay. Sometimes we would have gone after 15,000 kilometer.  But still nothing goes wrong with the machine. Okay. So, the idea behind maintenance is that we would not like to do a lot of maintenance. We will like to do a maintenance only when it is necessary. Because if a perfectly maintained machine is available, it will do its function it was designed for. Okay. I would not like to do have any loss of production caused by failures. Right. Suppose imagine if my maintenance, if my machine was never maintained throughout the year and I have a deadline of March 31st where I have to meet the annual production targets and suddenly in the month of March, my machine goes down and I require serious maintenance. You can imagine this is going to affect my balance sheet, but because for this financial year ending March 31st, I could not reach my achieved target because my machine had to undergo a maintenance. So, these are plans, these are things which we should never do because, you know, everything leads to loss of finance. And I mean, why am I doing maintenance? I need to have high revenues, high productivity at low cost. Okay. I would not like to lose orders when the market demand is high because my machines cannot produce. Okay. A well maintained plan maintenance or a plant engineer or plant manager would have planned for its machines maintenance during the lean market time. For example, you can imagine Diwali firecracker manufacturer cannot have his machines down months before Diwali. Okay. It is going to hit the market. It is going to affect the market. So, people always do a plan. I will just tell you an example of this auto companies. Particularly auto companies in our country, sometimes in the month of July, they do a planned maintenance schedule. Okay. And not toward the end of December or not toward the end of, obviously not toward the end of the financial year. So, everybody knowing on the strategy of the requirement of their products, they find out a time when they will do a shutdown plan maintenance. But that does not mean that you will not do your day to day maintenance. You will not do your weekly maintenance and so on. Okay. Sometimes it so happens, you know, if I know that only in the month of July, I am going to overall my machine. I did not store my spares throughout the year. I did not store it from August to the subsequent July unnecessarily because I know from August to the next July, I will be not requiring the spares. Okay. Because storing spares is inventory cost. I have to store them. I have to keep them. I have to keep a stock. Keep people do a bookkeeping on them. Maybe if I require the spares in the month of July, I may at most have them by the month of June. So, my inventory reduces. Okay. These are, I mean, this may sound very, you know, trivial, but, you know, if you think of a large plant, sometimes the inventory is as high as the certain critical spares. But at the same time, it does not mean, you know, if you are going on the high seas and you have a bearing for your propeller and you do not have a spare bearing, you will be in deep trouble. Okay. So depending on the situation you are in, you are the best judge, what kind of critical spares to carry, what kind of spares not to carry, what kind of spares when to carry and so on. Okay. And then of course, you know, once we have maintenance properly, you know, if I have a good maintenance schedule in my plant, I will always have a process which is very efficient, which will be producing quality as to having the best surface finish. For example, if I am, I am a machine shop where I produced fine machine surfaces. Suppose my, I have taken no care on the tool wear conditions, I may be having the over piece surface very rough. I would not like to have a rough machine surface because my, say, turning machine cannot run at high speeds, so I cannot have a smooth finish. Okay. There has been intermittent speed fluctuations in the machine, so these marks are going to stay up in your machining process. So even a simple lathe machine has to be taken care of otherwise, if you are doing a machining operation on that lathe, its quality is going to, the machine's quality is going to reflect on the workpiece. Okay. We take it for granted that, you know, you have a nice machine, somebody say, this machine has a bad gearbox. Somebody may say, well, what does gearbox got to do with your tool? You have a new tool, so you should be having nice machine surfaces, but people do not understand that if you have a bad gearbox, there will be backlash and there will be a speed fluctuation and that is going to affect the cutting process. They are all interrelated. As engineers, I am sure you will appreciate it much better that all these dynamics of the machine are interrelated and they will eventually reflect in the final product which you are producing from your plant.  And of course, if all my machines are running at their best OEM specs, I will have the production capacity increased. Okay. I would have, I have seen many plants, they never run to full capacity because they are machines, they would not like to overload them. They are not sure about the design capacity of the machine. They would have bought a new machine.  Okay. They would say, I would not like to reach the high levels because it may damage my machine. So, these are uncertainties. Okay. They will say that the machine has not been maintained, so I would not like to load the machine and create excessive wear and tear to the machine. Okay. So, again, if this maintenance is planned, like I was saying the planned downtime, planned inventory, it is going to reduce the maintenance cost. Reduction maintenance cost means increasing the overall profit and the guys in the finance will always be happy if the cost for manufacturing component comes down because that brings about the overall production increase and revenue to the company. And that is what everybody strives for. I mean, why are we doing maintenance? Because I would like to have high productivity at low production cost or low maintenance cost. So, this is a very familiar machine availability curve and sometimes this is known as the bathtub curve. If you look at this curve, there are two axis here.  There are three zones given by this blue, green and the wear out zone. When a machine is initially commissioned, the failure rates are pretty high. Okay. This could be because of wrong OEM specs, wrong integration, installation defects, not trying to not being able to understand the machine, not able to understand the performance of the machine, operators are not properly trained. So, these are issues by which we have always, you all must have faced maybe a nice example I always give to all my classes is once you have bought a new computer or a laptop. Okay. I mean, laptops are pretty robust and pretty user friendly nowadays. You know, I am talking about, you know, 10 years ago when people used to buy PCs, you know, first few weeks there used to be tingle with the operating system. This audio driver is not working, that hard disk is not being properly read. I am sure all of you would have experienced this. Okay. But once you are comfortable with your laptop, with the operating system, with the kind of softers, it undergoes a smooth life. Okay.  The reasons could be many, not trained staff, not trained engineers for installation, installation specifications and the requirements are not matching and so on. And then once these teething trouble are taken care of an equipment, foundation problems could be another, excuse me, foundation troubles, problems could be another. We have this green period and which is known as the useful period is machine. And again, despite our best maintenance efforts, at some point in the time, you will see that the failures happening quite often in the machine. And a point will come, you will find that it is more expensive to maintain a machine than to buy a new machine. Okay. Or the cost because of this frequent shutdowns or breakdowns in the machine is not wise, not financially beneficial for you. And that is where we call a shot and then we discard the machine. Okay. So the machine's availability is given by this function uptime is the time given for the useful period and the denominator uptime plus downtime is nothing but the total time of the machine. Okay. So we as maintenance engineers have to strive for having high availability of the machine. Okay. There are three very important types of machine maintenance and one is the very first one is the preventive maintenance or what is known as the periodic maintenance and followed by the predictive maintenance or the condition-based maintenance and the last one is actually no maintenance which is known as breakdown maintenance or the reactive maintenance. And in this course, we are actually going to focus on the second one that is the condition-based maintenance. In fact, I told you in the first class that we are gearing towards all this instrumentation, signal acquisition, data acquisition, analysis all because of this CBM. I need to know the machine's condition by monitoring its vibration, by monitoring its temperature, by monitoring its pressure, etc. So we need the flow conditions. So we will be focusing on condition-based maintenance in this course but I thought I should tell you about what this preventive maintenance or periodic maintenance is. Periodic maintenance means that I will regularly follow a schedule of maintenance. There will be a time interval fixed no matter if the machine is bad or good. I do not care. I will just go on and religiously maintain, replace the spares and then my machine will be always up and running. Particularly in the defense, they do this kind of periodic maintenance because of strategic reasons but that does not mean that they do not do condition-based maintenance. Condition-based maintenance is a technique wherein we always, we underline the word, we always know the condition of our machine because certain extra capital investment has to be done, has been done on the machine by instrumenting it with additional instrumentation in terms of transducers and sensors and then we have an analysis unit so that every time the machine is running, I know its present condition. I also have its past history in my database. So by certain algorithms, I can say whether my machine is going to behave the present way or its condition is going to be okay or it is going to be worse. I can find out from the database of my data store in my database from the previous conditions of the machine. So periodic, sorry predictive maintenance or condition-based maintenance always depends on the present condition, sometimes on the past condition of the machine but the machine's condition need to be known to do maintenance.  Similarly, a maintenance engineer cannot maintain a machine which is already dead which is not running. I can at most repair it but I cannot maintain it. A machine has to be running so that once it runs, it is going to give us the signals. If a machine is not running, there will be no vibration, there will be no noise, there will be no heat generation. So I cannot possibly do CBM on that machine. At most, I may look into the manuals, look into the design and do a repair of it but to implement CBM, a machine has to run. So that it gives the required signals and I have the instrumentation to capture those required signals. So I am stressing on the word signals, instrumentation in the case of condition based maintenance because of the fact that to implement condition based maintenance, I need to have extra investment done on the even a machine could be as new as I have just bought a new machine today. To do implement CBM on it, I have to do an extra investment right today itself from day one so that I have the investment to take care of the instrumentation, investment to take care of the analysis unit. I have skilled manpower to analyze the signals acquired from the machine. As opposed to the last one, the breakdown maintenance or the reactive maintenance, this is actually no maintenance. I do not do any maintenance on this machine. I can afford to lose the machine if the machine goes down. Like I was telling you, in the case of a steel plant, I mean I have a blast furnace, I cannot afford to lose the blast furnace but of course I can afford to lose couple of water coolers in my canteen. So I mean if the water cooler in a canteen in the steel plant goes out, I can always buy a new water cooler. Imagine the criticality of that equipment but of course if my blast furnace is damaged and down, I cannot afford to lose that. So these are issues which we will understand in the lecture on Femica that is failure modes affect and criticality analysis. From the failure modes which will affect or function, I can know what kind of maintenance effort has to be put in which machine. So I will be focusing this class or on predictive maintenance because in predictive maintenance you will see in an example which I will show you subsequently that the maintenance cost will come down with time because of the fact every instance I know the machine's condition. I can always know whether my machine is going to undergo a failure, is going to have an abnormal behavior or not and so on. So because of that I will have few machine failures. I will have less repair downtime because of the fact that I know the machine's present condition. I can always for example I will with time say I have a parameter which tells the machine's condition. For example if time you know this could be an intervals of you know one month, two month, three month etcetera. So this is in time in months. I have measured so here this is the parameter second month and slowly I see this is happening. So if I was trying to do a trending of the machine's condition toward the fourth to fifth month at the end of the fifth month as a maintenance engineer I would be getting worried. Well now something is behaving abnormal with the machine and why this parameter coming down. So I know well by six or seventh month I need to have a major repair or study into the problem in this machine so that I may be having certain critical spares already available to me by the sixth or the seventh month. So that from the month one I did not store this critical spares. If I know it takes you know only one month to get this critical spares I can plan by the end of fifth month to get this critical spares. That is one way of looking at it. And then I can be prepared that you know my machine is going to have a downtime. So I can for example I will give you an example here. Suppose you know you have a festival of Dashera wherein we give holidays to the workers. Imagine at the peak of Dashera my machine which is to be producing and there is a demand that it has to take a serious breakdown. So I have to pull out my workers or engineers from their Dashera vacations or holidays. I have to pay the workers overtime because I have to pull them out from a schedule holiday. I have to have the spares ready. So this all had to cost but had I planned it earlier and because I know the machine's condition well you know at the end of fourth month I know I will have a high production demand toward the end of seventh month. This is the time wherein I can take a repair. So these are the cases wherein I can do the reduce my inventory and then of course you know if I do a proper downtime I can reduce the machine's availability and increase production. And if I know this machine is going to have an abnormal behavior I would not like my operator to be very close to the machine. I have had a case wherein we have a plant in very close to Kharagpur, Haldia of a large FMCG manufacturer. One night the plant engineer gets a phone call that the gearbox in fact blew apart and this is a plant which they produce detergent. You know detergent production is very similar to cement manufacturing you know they have a mixing they have a rotary kiln and that rotates at a very low rpm and then it is heated at one end. So if you have a motor running at 1500 rpm and this kiln is rotating at 2 to 3 rpm you can imagine the amount of reduction being brought about in this gearbox. And this gearbox was very critical to that detergent plant and this gearbox because of reasons we will find out later on in fact that is the case study I will discuss towards the end of this course that this gearbox blew off. Imagine if the operator was standing next to it unfortunately it was in the late night shift and nobody was there. Imagine if an operator was standing next to it it had been dangerous. So if we know the machine's condition we know when it is safe to go closer to the machine while it is operating and so on. So all these are the benefits of predictive maintenance and in this course as I was telling we will be focusing more towards the condition based maintenance. Now I always give this example to all my classes on the economic analysis as to I am doing a comparison on the predictive maintenance and the preventive maintenance. The question is you know which one is good and which one is not good in the long run. These are few budget heads in the first one and if you can see this is the capital maintenance equipment cost. Day one I would require an addition though both my machines are new I am just doing a comparison. Both my machines are new. Day one I would require an additional expenditure towards the signal acquisition, the transducer, the analysis unit. I need to have that in place but for a preventive maintenance or a periodic maintenance I require no investment. Now let us look at the case of the preventive maintenance assuming there are four shutdowns a year. By for shutdowns I mean four scheduled maintenance in a year and the total cost of this maintenance which includes the machine downtime, the repair, labour cost per shutdown for repair is 50,000 rupees. For four such repairs in the preventive maintenance cost at the end of first year I would have spent 2 lakh of rupees right. At the end of 10 years if I was religiously doing this preventive maintenance I would have spent 20 lakhs. At the end of 20 years I would have spent 40 lakhs. And then if you look at the because I am doing predictive maintenance I am not doing maintenance on a regular schedule. I am only doing a maintenance as and when the signal indicators let me know that this machine requires a maintenance and usually this is a figure that at the end of 20 years if there are only five shutdowns because of maintenance since we are doing predictive maintenance the number of shutdowns will be less and this happens to be five and this is not a data which I have cooked up. This is a data which is there from the server report given by industries in many journals and this is a compilation of such. In the span of 20 years there are only five shutdowns. So, 5 lakh is my initial investment and then I would have spent additional 2 and half lakhs. So, the end of 20 years I would have spent only 7.5 lakhs if I was doing predictive maintenance whereas I would have spent 40 lakhs in the case of preventive maintenance. We do not realize that but this is the statistics obtained from industry who are doing these as benchmark studies and have reported them in journals. But always we have a problem with the engineers, maintenance engineers asking the management for more investment right day one because the management would obviously say well we have just bought a new machine why do you require an additional expenditure of 5 lakhs for maintenance because from day one I need to do a predictive maintenance so that I have the right equipment and infrastructure to acquire the signal and know the machine's condition. So, that is why this 5 lakh has to be spent there in the day one but in the long run we spend about we save about 22 lakhs in 20 years if you do such an accounting and in fact nowadays I am talking telling you the scenario of the Indian industry. In fact there are many plans I will just give you the examples in the last two decades. About two decades ago people hardly knew about vibrations people I mean vibration was always there even in engineering curriculum we are hardly being taught machinery vibration as a full-fledged course and in the industry they used to have some meteors you know used to just give you just one number and there are certain ISO standards as to certain horsepower this is to this has to be the overall vibration level. And there is to be a just a few people in a maintenance cell workers and technicians they used to they used to go to the machine measure its vibration and forget about it. If there was a breakdown people would blame each other you have not recorded the vibration they used to go back to their old log books you know log books tone pages flying here and there and this was actually the scenario of 20 years ago when people used to call me to the industries to fix their problems I used to ask them do you have any vibration data they would show me old log books you know written sometimes by pen sometimes by pencil sometimes by they do not know by what in what units they have recorded the data. Sometimes they do not know I have seen they have not put the transducer in the wrong place they do not know if there was a proper battery in the meter this is some display they write it down there was no calibration of the meters and this was actually the scenario 20 years ago in our industry. But today the scenario is altogether different if you if you go to any industry they have smart screens everywhere with touch screens next to the machine they have instrumentation transducer mounted on the machine. Data will be automatically logged into the data logger engineer just goes touches the touch screen sees the data logs sees the trending chart and there are subroutines algorithms which will tell you when the machine is going to have a downtime and this is the state of the art in the in the industry nowadays okay and now you will see wireless coming a big way into the industry there are no more long cables lying here and there as I was telling you monitoring machine sitting in Kharagpur monitoring machine in Alaska is not a science fiction anymore okay it is possible because of the advantages and the advancements done in electronic instrumentation in computers in miniaturization of the transducers transducers are smart enough they are fault tolerant they can be self calibrated by techniques okay because you know these are the advantages of predictive maintenance and engineers are smart as you are nowadays okay everybody understands instrumentation everybody understands computers and electronics everybody understands computer languages everybody understands vibration okay so there has been a paradigm shift in maintenance engineering in the industry both in the academia and in the industry okay in fact nowadays the you know we are talking about predictive maintenance you know nowadays the focus has been to if there is a problem the machine they would like to know what is creating the fault in the machine and next is there are mathematical algorithms as to find out the remaining useful life of a machine and that is very important I mean obviously to an engineer the very next question is well my machine is running fine when is going when is it going to go down that is the question everybody asks your management would ask you I mean can my machine survive for next 10 years okay and how would you answer that you have no clue all you know is you have you have data till present from the past 10 years you cannot you do so there are lot of mathematical tools available models available which will let you know whether my machine is going to last survive for the next 10 years or next 15 years or when it is going to have a condition where in the machine will be totally unacceptable okay so you all can understand the benefits of predictive exam maintenance by the small example which I showed you now what are the techniques available for vibration sorry for predictive maintenance as I was telling you we had some idea about the techniques available for predictive maintenance in the last class I told you about that 70 percent of the cases of predictive maintenance is by vibration monitoring followed by wear debris and the oil analysis which is the remaining 20 percent and then next comes the motor current signature analysis thermography and the NDT techniques which is the remaining 10 percent I will just to give an example on thermography I will just tell you an example which the industry nowadays is using to save power lost during power transmission you know this high voltage transmission towers okay wherein they have a certain switch gears you know they will be operating a switch gear and suppose you know from one transmission tower you know line line goes to another grid they will be having switch gears okay and this switch gears have to make contact okay and this is high from the ground you know from the ground and then you are you are standing somewhere here obviously this is you know 25 kv or 33 kv lines or 132 kv lines okay and they are transmitting electrical power okay now imagine in this switch gear if there was a excuse me loose contact okay there will be because of loose contact there will be arcing and there will be heat generation and there will be loss in power transmission in fact this is a case study reported by Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board I was there in one of their Fikki meetings and they were mentioning that they have done a substantial amount of power savings in the power distribution by ensuring that there is no loose contact in the switch gears while at such high voltages and how did they find out that switch gear lose contact obviously because if the high voltage power generation I cannot physically climb up the tower and check with a measurement what they did was they had Jeep mounted thermal thermal imaging camera to shoot at the switch gear and find out the hot spots okay and they did a lot of because you know the electricity board reports to the Fikki that there is a lot of power loss in the transmission itself not in the generation but in the transmission and switch gear loose switch gears was a very very large component and that they could reduce by doing thermography okay thermography we use in detecting faults we may not be able to diagnose for example a coupling between a pump and a motor if there is a misalignment I can put a vibration transducer measure the vibration do an analysis and tell well there is a misalignment but often just to know whether there is a coupling misalignment I will just shoot the camera on the coupling the coupling is hot I know something is wrong so I can identify hot couplings I can identify hot bearings and the case of the railway axle I can identify hot conductors between behind a panel for example you are talking about ship which comes to the port for few days for an overhauling I obviously cannot remove all the cladding and the panels and to see all the conductors whether anything is hot you can just do a thermal imaging scanning and find out the hot conductors and then take corrective measures okay so thermography is a very very quick and easy way to detect abnormal heat changes and this abnormal heat changes could be because of misalignment could be because of loose contact could be because of high current being flowing in the conductor etc okay and this NDT technique is another technique wherein we have the techniques of ultrasonics the techniques of acoustic emission borography how do you detect crack in a shaft from the outside for example you would have done a fine casting of a cylinder block okay you know the engine they do a casting of the cylinder block and the some of the surfaces are machined and components are fit into that machined cylinder block but if there is a thin hairline crack in that casting and because everything will be under high pressure during the operation of the engine the oil or the flow gas or the combustion gas etc are going to leak out okay and then you will lose compression in the engine and this engine is going to be no good so how do you detect such hairline crack on a surface a surface you possibly cannot see through your naked eyes everything will be nice machine but they will be thin cracks so this is what is known as a dye penetrant test you can put a layer of dye and then under special camera you can see this dye will glow and you can know whether the crack is visible crack is present or not. So certain NDT techniques are used for finding out defects in the machine. Ultrasonic is very popular in the sense I will just give an example of ultrasonics say for example I have a metal piece and there is a crack here void so if I have an ultrasonic transducer this ultrasonic transducer what happens is it gives a wave okay incident wave and this is a denser material this is of another material so there is a density difference at this interface so because of this density difference there will be a reflected wave so in this transducer receiver you will see a pulse and if you rope this transducer every instance you will see a pulse intensity equally spaced but when the scenario when it comes here just right above the pocket of the void because of the density difference this is going to bounce back so you will see suddenly a very close spacing and then again this is say time some voltage level so this means because the time taken will be less because the distance travelled is less okay so this means that there it came across an obstacle which was of a different density than this common homogeneous material okay and that is the principle behind ultrasonics ultrasonic waves are as you know high frequency they are very directional because high frequency waves are directional like would have heard of a siren if there is a siren at high frequency you always turn your heads towards the siren because high frequencies sound or noise are directional same is true with ultrasonics okay so if I have an ultrasonic scanning of this I can do that in fact the ultrasonic thickness gauge is based on this principle okay if I know the speed of the ultrasonic wave in this medium I can calculate the from the time taken I can calculate the distance or the thickness of the specimen in fact ultrasonics are used another way is to find out the in lot of these tubes lot of the large tubes you know of certain cross section whenever they carry lot of chemicals you know either some things get deposited clogged because of this clogging what happens the thickness has measured here suppose originally this was a 10 mm thickness because of which time because of this deposition of the solid particles there will be variation to this 10 mm and if you rove an ultrasonic transducer all around the circumference of this tube you will know whether in the internal which is not visible I mean possibly vibration monitoring cannot measure it but if I if I can rove a transducer all around the circumference of this tube I can know what is wrong in this if there is any formation any deposits in the inner wall of the tube okay people of course use you know radiography also x-rays another way of doing it so there are many ways to do such NDT techniques like ultrasonics acoustic emission radiography etc now to implement all this CBM or condition based this parameters vibration wear debris oil temperature current process parameters these items written in green are actually the transducers required to sense these mechanical parameters and this transducers could be for vibration it is accelerometer and for this wear debris it is the spectrophotometer because as I was telling in this wear debris the wear debris fall off a parent material by knowing the wear debris is chemical composition I can know comparing the knowing the chemical composition of the parent material I can very well know where this or which component has worn out and because of which this particle has got deposited in the lubricating oil so that is done with a specialized equipment known as a spectrophotometer and spectrophotometers are a very expensive equipment they require specialized facilities to operate so obviously I cannot be doing putting a spectrophotometer next to a gearbox in a cement plant okay spectrophotometers are are in dedicated central research facilities in in IIT Kharagpur we have several of them in many departments in the wherein all we do is we bring in the oil sample we can through a spectrophotometer we can know its chemical constituents we can we can know the composition of this wear debris particles as to what percentage of iron is present what percentage of zinc is present copper is present etc and then of course always compare with the chemical composition of the parent material and see if zinc is in that component and I have a strong amount of zinc in the wear I know that parent component has worn out oil there are many ways to measure the parameters in the oil but one very handy way is to known as the particle count meter as to what is the size of particles available in the particle and what are what is their concentration in parts per million how many such particles are there temperature infrared infrared detectors RTDs thermistors etc can be used to detect temperatures electrical current you know you can use the simple ammeter but all effect sensor is a technique you know which has a very very high frequency response because I was telling you in the motor current signature analysis it is just not the amplitude of the current but it is the nature of the current in terms of its frequency content it is just not 50 hertz but it could be 50 hertz and also frequencies around the mechanical defect frequencies which is being driven by this of the mechanical unit which is being driven by this electrical motor so on all effect sensor is a transistor which is used to monitor electric current and then next comes the process parameters as to the finding of the flow rates of the processes particularly in chemical process plants in fertilizer plants etc people would like to monitor the flow rate with orifice or a venturi meter or a turbine flow meter there are lot of pressure gauges to measure the pressure in the chemical process and so on so this process parameters indirectly will give a clue as to what is wrong with the machines running that chemical process now you have a fairly good working idea about the components in the predictive maintenance system we of course need to have the machine we need to have the transducers we need to have the data acquisition unit we need to have the computers where the data has to be stored in a database we need to have a skill manpower and an analyst who will analyze this data and so a very generic predictive maintenance system will have the user friendly hardware and software hardware could be the transducers for measuring vibration transducers for measuring the pressure process parameters temperature transducers for measuring the temperature the transducers for measuring the current etc and on software which will tell when to acquire the data how much of data to acquire how long to acquire and so on what are the data has to be acquired simultaneously so once this software drives this whole thing this data has to be stored acquired by a computer related data acquisition it need not be just one data at a time it could be multiple sensors at all times I could collect data from all sixteen sensors around my machines at one given instance because there will be lot of statistical processes signal processes wherein we will find out relationship between two signals whether they are related or not otherwise we cannot if they are if I if I do not acquire them at the same time it is very difficult for me to tell them that they are related because once they have to be correlated they have to be acquired at the same time and then we need to have a data management system which will be responsible for storing the data and doing the trending because this if this has to be automated imagine if my plant if a steel plant have hundreds of gearboxes and pumps obviously everybody cannot be going running to each machine and doing a data logging or data taking by hand so this has to be automated this has to be through a computer driven system it may have cable it may not have cable it could be wireless but all this databases with the proper nomenclature and identity of the machine has to be taken in and then today I have a system for a steel plant the same system perhaps could be used in a cement plant the vibration processes is the same the principles are the same only thing is that I have to mount instead of a gear steel plant I have to mount it in a cement plant so system has to be very automated it has to be flexible and of course it has to be reliable I mean garbage in is garbage out if I give a junk data to my computer it is going to give a give me a junk output that should not happen okay and then the reliability it has to be accurate the transducers have to be calibrated and then it should not give any false trending and so on okay so while coming to a close I would say the predictive maintenance management is a philosophy that uses the actual operating condition of a plant equipment and systems to optimize the total plant operation okay it uses the actual plant operating condition it cannot be of a dead plant and then it is a condition given prevent it is a condition driven preventive maintenance program wherein in predictive maintenance we assume that the machine will degrade sometimes you know because of some slips unnecessary repair may be done of course but downtime can be controlled whereas in reactive maintenance because I have done no maintenance suddenly I have to have high expenses involved high spare parts high overtime rush day I have to repair this machine spares not available because machine has suddenly under taken a breakdown I have to import it so these are the advantage disadvantages of the reactive maintenance so to have a successful maintenance program I need to have these conditions they are dedicated manpower who understand the entire process and there has to be good communication between the place where I am taking the data and where I am doing the analysis I sample oil from a one machine and the technician on the other end is thinking it as machine V where I need to the data from machine A labeling and data communication between the labs is very very essential okay so some of the plants as you all know this by now that these are the common elements in the plants and machinery which will be talking about in this course and this is the generic arrangement of CBM the transducer signal conditioner and the signal analysis unit okay and you will see CBM is almost used everywhere and in the subsequent classes you will see how we use them to different machines okay thank you those of you who need to.


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All right. Good afternoon, cyber traders and welcome on back here this Monday December 20th shortly after 2 30 p.m Eastern time and welcome on back here for our afternoon meeting I believe that we are good to go across both ends here We got social media Facebook live YouTube and alongside them all of us live in cyber group Wendy Grant Patrick Ari Charles who just killed it just a moment ago. I think it was on that soap hot stock SOPA here He picked up just about two dollars per share great to see him great to see Patrick Norman James Grant and all of us Otherwise, so I believe that we're just about good to go folks for this meeting We do have class coming up later on today the phase one stock course continuing along with lesson number two That'll be a 305 Eastern time. We're pretty much continuing our first lesson from this morning Whereas this morning we were talking about tradable and not tradable stocks this afternoon coming up We'll just be talking about scanning the market Learning how to build the morning and afternoon watch lists that we do here So without further ado, let's do exactly that and I'll break down the X's and O's of how we build this list Going into class this afternoon, but for right now the SOPA stock just you know, it's on the top the gainer's list Anyway, it's on the screen So no better place to start and then no better place to find our first stock to put on our list So SOPA easily will read to our list. It's not an easy trade in particular this stock We are going to go over in our traders talk workshop. That's our weekly Q&A workshop that we do every Tuesday live inside Severed so for all of us in Facebook live or YouTube you may have heard me made mention of this workshop Over time, you know every week we do it So if you wanted to join us in our live trading room for tomorrow's workshop again We'll break down this trade in full from a to z Just make sure you go down to the link on the banner below to get yourself started on a small week trial But with that in mind this thing has been extremely impressive today folks I mean not only for the fact that it's up 254, you know percent and counting But I thought it would have made it a much sharper pullback At least from where it had ran up from so at least by the time it was pulling back off the halts This is even like 1030 ish. I thought it was gonna pull back much lower towards like 590 6 bucks Perhaps ended up holding really cleanly here basically over 7 and then once it made a higher high It actually ended up holding above one of the opening halt prints that I've recently talked about so you know It was very impressive a nice extended move up, you know for a hundred thirty plus million shares traded on the day You would think that it would be more exhausted at this time than anything But still has some likes to it as you could see beautiful trend off of basically 10 950 ish And for right now with that in mind, we'll at least put this on our list All right Not everything is going to be as lively as the sopa stock or at least you know stocks like sopa that are Already trading this much volume. Normally they're gonna be more exhausted than anything this time of the day Just look at the canf stock as we continue going down the gainers list stocks trading a hundred fifty five million shares And it's not moving not moving at all Grant says I could hear you Josh, but not very well. So for all of us in cyber group Can you folks hear me loud and clear and then have any issues going into this meeting? Good All right grant my friend if you could just do me a quick favor log out log back in that should take care of you I hope it does, but nonetheless, we'll keep going here So canf we're not as keen to put this on our afternoon list just very tired at this point GRTX this thing looks pretty tired, but showing higher lows and with that We're hopeful to see this make a higher high later on today More than anything this stock also has a giant gap from the daily chart that it has to fill So, you know, that's where we ended up watching the stock back from last week I think was back on Tuesday of last week whatever news at the time came out led to a pre-market gap But it's funny there were like two gaps to work with that day the pre-market gap up And then the big gap down that it had tried to fill, you know that day But didn't well today ended up making a big pop basically from those highs of last week and has continued pretty much moving up since so You know right now this stocks getting a little choppy definitely trading a lot more volume compared to what it does on a day-to-day basis You know we're not gonna expect this stock to be trading a hundred million shares every day going forward folks So, you know, I'd say the stock is pretty exhausted too, but you know, hey It's more of a level two stock I'd say in terms of volatility how we look to categorize it, you know really tight spread good order book I like that, you know with this hope with hopes of this trying to fill the gap further heading into the afternoon I don't mind putting this on our main list Now alongside the SOPA stock I mean hey SOPA was a morning stock that we had on our list the AERC though This one ended up completely taking off just as we were beginning the phase one stock course earlier this morning So as you could see pretty much around 10 45 11 o'clock It started to continue to move up broke new highs at the time and just kept going I mean, I thought this stock got halted at some point and I think it did but it didn't really show it on book map that well No, really this stock ended up making such a clean move that you would have thought that at some point It would have gotten halted I Could have sworn for the life me that this did get halted earlier today, but oh Actually right here. This is where it got halted. I think Looks like it at least Nonetheless ended up making a big move up It's not going to continue to go up the whole day folks Just like the SOPA stock although that was pushing up when we turned over to it Well, this one ended up topping off as well at some point dropped off from right around 1450 ish Hold all the way back down to 11 right now. It's trying to you know inch back up It's trying to but if we're comparing one over the other the SOPA is a lot closer to the highs By the time we're doing this meeting So that's why I was more keen to put this on our list at least if we're comparing both of them the AERC Right now, it's just too much of a gamble way too much of a gamble The SOPA stock is no easy one either, but this is just a gamble in my opinion. So Let's pass on it Our our OIV nice pop earlier this morning. I don't think we call that out and we'll keep it going folks We'll see if there's any other stocks that look just as good if not better RGF joining us on YouTube today asking about the HLTH stock, which is number nine here. So let's look at that quick Mmm pushing up pretty nice right up over 23% $12 stock, you know the order book is going to be a little light But that's something that you should anticipate for only trading about 750,000 shares on the day But with the way this is moving up right now. Yeah, definitely great call. I like this one. What's the news on it? I'm just very curious. It's not going to make my decision to buy or sell at a specific time or price Unfortunately, no news on this stock. There's no headline from Benzinga Pro. The last headline was back from the 1st of December So either way, we don't need a headline in order to trade this stock But you want to make sure you could try and find a big volume level from where it had broken out from you would assume That to be 12 and it does show that there was a lot of volume filled off of 12 At least over the last five to six minutes underneath 12 There isn't really a whole lot of maybe up until 1166 So I definitely would say it needs to really begin to pop from this point soon All right, so we'll keep it going. We'll keep it moving Just kind of see and skim down the gainer side here any other familiar names that stand out to me I'll quickly jump to To which I don't really see many familiar names here I just called that BJ DX that made a little bit of a pop before we started the meeting and it's still hanging in there So, you know, this one right now doesn't look too bad Does have a 13 or 14,000 share order up top at the high of the day There's one also slightly above that at 325, but for right now the way this is at least looking I don't mind slipping it on our list if we come back to this at the end and it completely goes the other way then I'll take it off, but for right now not bad RJF following up on the HLTH stock says that they had appointed a new director. That's the news on it Okay, cool. I appreciate the heads up there I'm just checking out the gainer side otherwise folks rounding it out Not too many familiar names here. Here's the SEAC I clicked on a moment ago not doing a whole lot Markets are starting to drop off a little bit a little bit again here You know ended up bottoming out just a little bit over 451 the spy and then pushed up But for right now beginning it's pulled back again here So, you know, there could be some interesting short opportunities if we continue to see direction on the way down heading into the afternoon So we'll look at some sideless stocks at the end. I do want to talk briefly about Bitcoin That a whole lot happened since Friday really so, you know, we'll likely see Bitcoin move with the markets across this afternoon tonight SPRB not doing much. It's been the gonna be the case across most of the loser side here folks You know, I try and jump to the stocks that are down the most here stocks that are at least shortable AMTX shortable Not a whole lot happening on that either Familiar name Billy. Wow the stocks falling right back within our price range.  Oh my god I mean, it's like the peloton stock you're talking about from last week, you know That was like a hundred twenty bucks or however much it was, you know That's gonna be within our price be within our price range soon All right, and then really outside of that I'm sure there's plenty of stocks that are down more than, you know 5% that we're not looking at just yet So folks help me out a bit. Let me know, but there's nothing else that really stands out as a familiar name that's shortable or something That's You know a dead cat bounce opportunity here, you know adgi. I only anticipate the drop off more All right, well, I'll tell you so far folks. We got three stocks on our main watch list. That is it So again, let me know if there is anything else that you would want me to look at check out quickly I will show Benzinga pro first and then from there I will briefly show bitcoin not a whole lot to really talk about there But here's the HLTH stock breaking a new high of the day right now No other real familiar names that are at the highs right now or breaking new highs the day Not a surprise, but Check out the losers list here. See if there's any stocks that are breaking new lows right now Weight watchers ww maybe I'll look at that I don't think that's gonna have a good order book No other real familiar names here so far that are breaking new lows at the moment. So, you know, that's fine Hey, I mean if there's anything else that moves we'll likely call it out around three o'clock 315 rich at least will Um, but yeah, that's all I got so far folks. I'll talk briefly about bitcoin and then we'll finish it up So bitcoin ended up making a slight pullback still just trading this channel of lower highs It hasn't completely made a new drop just yet, but I feel like that will be coming pretty soon I told you folks last week. I really wanted to see this pullback closer. It's like 44 45 here. It's taken a sweet time. So I haven't bought more since here But otherwise, yeah, right now the only new line that I put up at least on the chart Is this white one just diagonally or a downtrend line off the highs holding really well You know, I still obviously have my moving averages that I'll put up here But I thought that was a little cluttery for the chart What I wanted to show at least just a little interesting and even if you don't follow crypto if you're you know If you only trade stocks, that's fine because this relates to just trading in general a pattern Uh, you know rsi's I don't really use that much relative strength index But over the weekend I was just you know playing around and just looking at the chart pretty interesting trend Then again, I'm on my on my six hour chart here I mainly show the hourly the six hour and then the longer charts than that like the daily weekly monthly But on my six hour graph look at this beautiful trend line on the rsi right off the highs Little false breakout here once it made its new all-time high and once it fell back under But even over here, it's building a higher lows here too. Nice, you know Basically wedge pattern and pendant pattern filling in on the rsi So, you know lots of indecision I believe we'll kind of see what happens across the next Three to five days that imagine we'll likely see the structure break in either direction And that's when we'll likely get our next big move on bitcoin All right, but that's all you got for me here today folks Again, let me know if there's anything else that you would want me to look at or anything else that I didn't check out myself Up down left right more than five percent So you won't we might not need to check out any other stocks if we keep making money on sopa here Ari just got about 60 or so cents. He was in from 12 67. He got out at 13 24 Ah, that's a really good exit Ari And I mean it's just easy to say that given a how much this stock already went up You know, you don't want to be stuck on this trade when it's screaming on the way back down You know, we talked about it from earlier today and you know, it did break higher But we know that when there is typically a down halt That's a game that's game over. That's a wrap right so surprisingly enough this kept going But this is like the one percent chance where you see a stock continued move up higher after It got halting going down. So what i'm referring to here is I feel like if this ends up beginning to slip Even the slightest from this point we could see a giant drop in a down halt and that wouldn't be too pretty folks All right, I don't want to uh, I don't want to you know Drive fear into all of us here, but for as much as this stock moved up You know that it's not going to keep going up forever I would say if anything may be back from its IPO day like date, you know 15 15 50 is where it technically opened up that So that could be his that could be a nice historical resistance to work off of should this keep going Charles Charles z ended up killing it just now in our live trading room. He got just about a dollar 50 or 60 cents on his trade Uh, the only trade of his day hadn't the last one beautiful. Charles very nice job I'll just pop that right up here for all of us in social media that don't have the chance to see the chat board there That's our student charles that just posted like a dollar 60 cent profit per share on this trade One and done charles love it All right, so folks aside from all of that I believe that we are just about good to go only three stocks to work with and on our watch list so far But that's fine though We don't need to force or put any stocks out there if they're not going to give us a good move So try and follow the markets right now heading into the afternoon A lot of stocks will likely move with the market, of course So you don't want to try and catch the following knife is what i'm referring to there But aside from that I know that rich will look to rescan the market a lot more seriously around three o'clock Maybe three 15 at that point and we'll see if there's any other runners that we can catch heading into the afternoon All right, so for all of us in social media facebook live facebook live youtube I appreciate you sticking with me each and every day each and every afternoon If you're not ready to join our live trading room yet like I mentioned earlier Then what you could do if you have any questions feel more than free to send over an email right to my Right to my email address josh at ctu trading dot com Again, if you wanted to join us for our traders talk workshop our special q&a workshop We do every week that being tomorrow Then just go right down to the link on the banner below to get yourself started But for all of us there right now later grant charles once again Oh, we've got a couple charles is there charles b. That's right charles b killed it on the sopa stock And then charles z ended up taking that. Oh man, the charles are doing pretty well today Ari did very nice on sopa just now so congratulations to everyone and then aside from that folks I will look forward to speaking to most of us going into class at 3 p.m. Eastern. Take care


So today we woke up in Juneau. I am apologizing for the cloudy view. I'm in the pool area and there is glass right here, but there'll be better things to look at a little bit later. But just had some breakfast. We are gonna head down for our excursions and Yeah, that's what's happening so far today, so I'm sure there'll be a lovely montage in just a moment for y'all. Let's look at some plants. Somewhere will be my mom and my aunt. We are still in Port in Juneau and we'll be here for a long time. I think we're here till 8, 8.30, something like that, and it is currently 2.41. I decided to come back to the room a little bit earlier than normal. I kind of not feeling great. I have some little bit of motion sickness issues and I'm gonna take some medication for a tour right about now and even though I was on land, it felt like I was on sea, if that makes any sense. I was doing a little wibbly wobbly things. So yeah, but after lunch I was like, I need to go take some pills and possibly lay down and you would think like why do you want to be on a ship when you're not feeling great? Well, at least we're in Port and we're kind of stabilized at the moment, so we're good. Maybe I can lay down for an hour or so and my mom and aunt decided to venture on and they're gonna go do some shopping and check out this like saloon thing and all that, but we'll be here till 8.30, so I can get back off the ship if I really want to a little bit later. That's the update as of right now and I'm loving when we go into port by the way because then I have Wi-Fi, so I get very very excited. So I can catch up on messages and things like that a little bit.  But that's the update for now. I'm sure I will take you guys along a little bit later too, but that food, oh my god It was so delicious. It was so good. I wish I had just gotten the clam chowder because that was like like just enough and I got the fish and chips and I had one piece of the fish because it came with two big pieces. I ate not even a full one.  I was like, I can't do this. I'm just not feeling the greatest. So Yeah, but anyway, but I'm gonna say goodbye for the moment, but you guys will see me in three, two, one. So we are done with Juno for the day. We are on our way to Skagway for tomorrow and I think we're gonna get there I think 6 a.m. But our excursion doesn't start until I believe 8.45 is when we need to meet. But we are gonna be going on a rail car and doing lots of really fun things. But um, I actually got to edit today for a little bit. So I got two videos done for y'all. So I have day 19 and day 20 done, but um, clearly I can't upload anything because you know, internet is not happening. But I did get myself a hot chocolate for this evening. So I'm gonna take a shower and just a few, but figured, you know, gotta have a hot chocolate, right? Because it's cold out there and it feels good though. But um, yeah, that's it from here. Hope you guys enjoyed the video today. If you did make sure to give it a thumbs up, subscribe for more and I will see you guys tomorrow for more Alaska adventures. I'll see you later. Bye.


we're still at Lodi and you have a this is called a loiter loitered in there share camera is is for 3d depth right here and it's partly open source project yeah so what is this project this is a very amazing camera for with slam the with slam is the version simulation and localization mapping is the robots and drawings eyes if the robot have this part he can know where he is and inside the room you can see everything the size the distance to everything position and this this points is the environment information and navigation he can do this indoor this is for indoor mapping indoor or outdoor it's look can you hold so right here you have the PCB and it has a ST micro for the gyro sensor and a whole bunch of other kind of electronics going on here and this is a USB yes mic just a micro USB okay this part is just for the PC and to give our developers SDK and we can do many things and later we can make another product we have on board it's a contact maybe all winner eight car eight car eight cars the board all winner 83 83 you know 83 so right here you have this is the what's inside it's CY 68013 this is the sensor right yes and global shutter all that stuff image resolution is just that and does it work it's working yes what but I can't show you the USB is broken USB is broken so you do this in your company in Shenzhen yes how many people contribute is the big big deal right now anybody else do something similar yes but I think our technology is higher than then really yes but there is also Intel Intel Intel real sets right okay is it similar Intel Intel or maybe I know I know it's the different marketing it's a very cheaper and yes it's sales only 100 Rmb how much is priced 500 Rmb so price maybe maybe price around $80 $90 or something I think it's cheap it's cheaper than Intel yeah and that's for the whole module yes and you can put this at the you can put this on the head of the robot cannot be just a large robot how soon you will do a large robot what when you plan to do a big robot this year maybe the Christmas you can see some prototype and you have enough engineer you can do everything yes I can do it yes I'm we made the product and we do some design for others company is the other company selling big quality what you do yes very successful I think so I think so famous product famous product maybe maybe next year okay alright so there we have it the loiter the inertia camera but it's not for loitering it's just for going around and it's agreeing together with Ubuntu has Ubuntu yes stable reliable Ross robot OS no special dependency base okay I'm reading from the bottom up so there it is loiter their inertia camera system right here


For this example, we're going to pretend as though we're the control unit, and we're going to be interested in setting all of these control lines to their applicable values based on the instruction that we want to execute. For this first example, we're just going to start with an add instruction. And we'll work our way across this table, setting each of the bits as we go. For the add instruction, we want to take the data from two registers, add it together, and store it back into a register. So first, for our ALU source, we want to be able to get the data from our second register, so we're going to set this control line to zero. That will go through the ALU and back around to the registers, ultimately. Since we do want to write this result to the registers, we'll set reg write to one. That will tell the registers to store whatever data we give it. Now we need to make sure we actually give it the correct data. So the mem to reg multiplexer allows us to choose between the results of our ALU and whatever data we're reading out of memory. Since we want to store the results of our addition operation, we'd like to take this data coming from the ALU. In this case, that also says zero, so I will put a zero in for that signal. Now the data will come around to the write data field in our registers. But we also need to tell the machine which register we should store this into. When we have two different options, we can either use what's coming in on the RT field or the RD field. In this case, we have an R-type instruction, so we know our destination is always in the RD field. So that means I will want to set my reg destination signal to one. The rest of our signals are very instruction dependent. In this case, we don't have a memory read instruction. So we're not going to read anything from memory. We don't have a memory write instruction, so we're not going to write anything to memory. We don't have a branch instruction, so we're not going to branch. And we don't have a jump instruction, so we're not going to use the jump. So those are the eight main signals that we have to worry about. We need to configure each of our multiplexers and make sure that any of our functional units know what they need to do as well.