In this module, we shall study a rather controversial application of Salem as an Islamic mode of financing. It is called currency Salem. Before we go into the details of currency Salem, it is important for us to refresh our memories with some important rules governing trading in currencies. Trading in currencies is different from trading in commodities. If I buy or sell a candle, there are many different laws regarding this. If I buy or sell any currency, dollars or pounds, these rules are known as ahkamus sarf and they are stricter than rules governing trading in commodities. So, before we attempt to explain the rather controversial currency Salem structure, it is important for us to understand what are some basic tenets governing trading in currencies. Now, the most important aspect of trading in currencies is that currencies can be traded only on spot. On spot means, This is not possible. So, trading in currencies is allowed only on a spot basis. This is the most important aspect of trading in currencies. So, no deferment of delivery of one or two currencies is allowed. Hence, there is no forward or futures contracts allowed to deal in currencies. So, this is an important aspect which has been established in Islamic law for centuries. So, just to simplify the things, if this party A has got US dollars, this party B has got GBP pounds and if this party delivers or pays these dollars to party B on Monday, September the 20th today and party B in exchange gives pounds on Monday, September the 27th after one week, this is not allowed. This is not allowed in Islamic law. Both the currencies should be exchanged on spot. So, if party A has got money, US dollars, it should deliver US dollars on Monday, September the 20th at 10.30 am and party B should be delivering pounds on Monday, September the 20th at 10.30 am It is so difficult that you have to see the time in this. This is not allowed after one week, after one month, with deferment, give another currency. This is not accepted in Islamic law. Now, keep this in mind and let us look at the product of this currency. In Pakistan, quite a few banks are offering and I call it as a controversial product because this negates some very well-established rules on trading in currencies. What is the objective of this product called currency salam? The objective is for a bank to extend financing to its customer in rupees in one currency and receiving the financing amount back from the customer in another currency. Why the bank would like to do this? Some banks have their currency exposures. They would like to manage their currency exposures by way of offering a product like currency salam. This is the main kind of rationale behind offering currency salam product by Islamic banks in Pakistan and some conventional banks offering Islamic financial services as well. This type of product is not acceptable anywhere in the world except in Pakistan where Sharia scholars somehow have come up with an exception. Because this is being offered in the market as an academician, it's important for me to present this structure to you as an application of salam as an Islamic mode of financing in Islamic banking and finance. Let us look into details. Step one, at T-NOT, now customer and bank enter into a master salam agreement, pursuant to which the customer agrees to deliver various amounts of a foreign currency on future dates against the advance payments at the start of each and every individual salam contract. So in stage one, basically step one, the customer receives money in rupees. This is the salam price, rupees received by the customer from the bank. That is the salam price for a foreign currency which the customer would be delivering to the bank on a future date. So this is step one. Step two, when the future date comes at T-1, customer delivers the required amount of foreign exchange or foreign currency dollar to the bank. How? By actually buying it from the market. So he gives the dollar. Now what happens in that? What is happening in this? The customer receives rupees from the bank today and the next 30 days you have used this money. If this customer happens to be a businessman or business, then of course this money would be used for day-to-day kind of business expenses. And future, when the money was given to the bank, at that time they bought foreign currency from the market to the bank. This is how this happens. Actually a structure which is a kind of advanced form of this one is that the customer even doesn't have to buy the currency by itself. Rather it appoints the bank as its agent to buy the foreign currency on a future date on the behalf of the customer and delivers it to itself. So this is a currency-salam arrangement which is being used in Pakistan. This is a product offered by Islamic banks and conventional banks offering Islamic financial services in Pakistan. This is in use. However, this remains highly controversial.


And we are live. Thank you for your patience, everybody in the Zoom room. Welcome. Welcome also to people who are watching us from the live stream. My name is Chantal Bilodeau. I am one of the co-curators of the green rooms. And I'm really happy you're joining us. It's the end of a really full day of conversations. So all our heads are full for those of us who were with us for some of the previous conversations, but we're really looking forward to this one. This is the second day of the green rooms. We started yesterday. Today we have one more session tomorrow and actually a dance party later tonight. The green rooms are produced by English Theatre at the National Arts Centre and presented by Folda in collaboration with the Canada Council for the Arts, the City of Kingston, the National Theatre School and HowlRound Theatre Commons. And before we start, I would like to acknowledge that the green rooms, the mission control for the green rooms is located in Kingston, Ontario, which is the traditional territory of the Anishinaabe and Haudenosaunee and the Huron-Wandat. Kingston is covered by Treaty 57 and the territory was acquired in 1783 in Crawford's purchases. And now I'm so happy to introduce you to MC Playwright and Agitator, Donna Michelle St. Bernard and Playwright and Director Jordan Tannehill who are here to talk about the future. During the conversation, please feel free to use the chat to comment along their way and there will be a formal Q&A section at the end of this conversation. So I'm turning it to you, Donna, Michelle and Jordan. Awesome, thank you Shantel. Thanks people in the real world and people in the virtual world. We were given this deliciously broad question about what is the future? And so with 10 minutes, I have 10 very random reflections on that. The future is now a place that is so strange that I can actually say please clap and I don't even feel a little bit like Jeb Bush. High five me if you get that joke, just drop a five in the chat if you get that joke because I still need feedback, you know, as a performer. Okay, cool. The future is now because the future is how we choose to evolve in this moment in order to meet the coming moment with strength instead of waiting for it to happen, waiting for change to happen and hopefully we can catch up. And I think in this moment, we can all see that in a lot of ways, catching up is not a really good look. I'd get you. When things started to change drastically in everyone's lives at the same time, the biggest question was how can we gather?  The question at the center of how can we gather really is how can I be where I'm not? And I think the future is evolving that question now that we found the tools to be in places that were not. Evolving the question into how can I presence others now who I could not presence before? How can I see more of what I've been oblivious to or what I've had excellent reasons not to see? Yeah, that's probably enough about that, whoever knows. My third thought about this. For most of my life, I have randomly said inappropriate meetings and at any given time, where are my rocket boots? By which I mean, why isn't the future here yet? And I've always actually wanted rocket boots, even though that's reckless and I can't be trusted with them, I can't even drive a car. But then this year on Twitter, I heard the word space bra and I may never say rocket boots again. What's a space bra? When can I have one? I'm thinking about the ways that we can expand what we're able to imagine and what we aspire to and as a result, what we are crafting. Ways that we are creating the things that we imagined when we thought we were just kidding, space bra. Creating things that we imagined when we thought we were just kidding or fantasizing is how we got smart homes, which are a trap and a very bad idea. But we can now imagine better things that will be actualized because we imagined them. Someone had to say robot before there was a robot. So somebody out there, say robot and make me a space bra. I'd be ever so grateful. Thank you. I'm very into sci-fi and the next thing I thought about was some sci-fi books that have been reading some contemporary Canadian sci-fi. Probably the first one in this particular thread that I'm thinking of is The Marrow Feeds by Sherry Dimaline. There's an aspect of the premise of the world build in that book that essentially says that there will come a circumstance in which those of us who have been considered extraneous will become needed in some way. And then instead of being valued because we are needed, that need will become a danger to us. It will be hunted for the thing that is needed. And science fiction is so prescient. And I think that the fact that that kind of idea has come up more than once in contemporary fiction makes me wanna think about not only how this moment we're in could emulate that pattern, but also how we can be purposeful about the ways that this moment could not emulate that pattern. So for example, now that we're relying more on technology in different ways, we can choose not to vulture the innovations of the disabled community while perpetuating their exclusion in the spaces where we use their tools or using and learning from organizing strategies of black activists in spaces where black people are not safe, welcome or comfortable or implementing or even just alluding to and talking about structures of indigenous justice while having no relationships with indigenous communities. Those are things we don't have to do. Those are things we can choose to do better. So that we are not takers. Next idea. The future is me. I am so definitely the future that right now Russell Wilson is raising my son and he's doing a really good job. Can you just high five me if you get that joke? Just drop me a five in the chat. I just, I'm just curious who's out there. Oh, shocking. Blow me down. Hi guys, I see you too. The future is finding out what we never needed. What we gave up, what we don't need to get back, what we still don't need but haven't noticed yet. I really thought I needed lattes and I'd still take one, but I'm managing. And so what are the things that I thought I needed that came at someone's expense that cost too much environmentally that I overlooked for my convenience and now that I've learned that I don't need them, how can I not be so quick to go back and how can I expand that into bigger thinking? So how can I move beyond my reusable cup into my not massive and disposable set and then how do we go beyond that? The first time we were touring, Keith Barker's play, The Hours That Remain to the Yukon and we were planning all this freight and all the stuff that the set was made of that we had to buy and move to the next place where the show was and then somebody actually just asked me, why would you fly gravel across the country? Do they have gravel there? Legit never occurred to me.   So, you know, maybe just like, how can I be a little bit less fool tomorrow? How can I be real about why I'm doing things and what the real cost of those things is and visibilize those things to myself? Okay, I'm running out of ideas. Just kidding, I'll never walk. Then I thought about the way that new tools are being standardized. Zoom is one of them. I'm still baffled, but I'm here. I showed up and familiar tools are being phased out. All the games I play are run on shockwave and apparently shockwaves over. Maybe we can start a separate conversation in a safe space about how much that hurts me but people are still gaming. So, okay, that's cool. When everything changed in a way that wasn't natural to me, I had no choice but to adapt and to learn and I'm turning the question to myself about what do I now have to offer other people who still haven't overcome the barriers to access? What do I have to teach or to share that is newly or differently needed? Not that I have this giant wealth of new knowledge that anyone's gonna come to me first for any kind of technological questions, but what are the ways that the tools that I already had fit differently into the shape of what is currently needed? Because you're always needed, we are always needed. And sometimes it's up to us to find the need that shapes what we have to offer. So, I wanna keep my eye on the landscape as that changes, as what is needed changes, be attentive to changing what it is that I offer and what my role is in the conversation, in the action. Yeah, one day it won't be my role to make a lot of noise.  And then I thought that contemplating the future as I do like to do can be an act of escapism, but it can also be an act of map making and that it's not possible to draw a line from point A to point B before you name point B. So, I do think a lot of what people call lip service, probably accurately, we could also reframe as naming point B and we could ask the people who are naming it to start drawing the line. That's a thing. Thought number nine, aesthetic survival. Is it possible to engage with what I'm calling instruments of perfecting the things that make it possible to shape our reality in I guess what I consider a more intrusive way? Is it possible to engage with these instruments and all the ways that we can control the way that we present in a digital world without investing value in perfection? Is it possible for me to stream live on Zoom without lipstick, so far no, but the future will tell us what it holds. I continue to grow as a person. I swear, you can't see it, it's slow. Idea 10, the future is unknown and I wonder how I can stay fluid without ever being watered down. How I can be responsive to change but not blown about by whatever's taking place. And I was talking with some playwrights at Nightwoods right from the hip earlier today about reflecting in this moment on the things that used to be important that still are and what an anchor that can be and to believe and to understand the ways in which those things will continue to be important in the future and how we prepare to bring them into the future in a good and a strong way. Damn, I did so good on time today, y'all. That's my piece, over to you, Jordan. Amazing, thank you so much. Damn, that's awesome. And I think I speak for everyone to say that. I could have listened to like 10 or 20 more. Thank you so much, guys, for tuning in. It's a huge pleasure and honor to be sharing this space with DM. May have lost Jordan. So it gives me huge pleasure to say hello, everybody. Well, we work to get Jordan back. He's, maybe it's the transatlantic crossing in the middle of the night, or maybe it's because he was serious with respect to wanting to spend a bit more time in your thoughts, which I would hardly agree with. Jordan, are you back? Until Jordan's back, I'm wondering, Donna Michelle, if you would be cool with engaging with some questions. I'm the coolest. Yes, okay. So I guess my first question is, what will be good about going live without lipstick? What will be good? Yeah. Oh, I mean, politically, I guess it would signal that I'm not vain and that I'm not preoccupied with my image, but by telling you that I'm letting you know that it's the image of not being preoccupied with my image that's of value to me, but also because God made me perfect and y'all should get to see that. Welcome back, Jordan. Thank you. I wasn't being obnoxious. I was being like humble and intelligent. Welcome back. I'm gonna go out and take it. Sorry guys, that's some UK Wi-Fi for you. So I'm here in London at the moment. It's late, it's 2 a.m. And I'm gonna be talking to you guys about extinction rebellion. And obviously, extinction rebellion has been happening around the world and it's an international movement around climate, when we were speaking specifically around the spring rebellion that occurred last year in London. And some of the reflections and thoughts that I took away from that as I was sort of implicated in various ways in that, just for a little background, the rebellion happened over about 10 days in London. And the city essentially was divided into four quadrants that different activists were responsible for. So activists living in South London, South London, North London, East London and West London. And they were each tasked with claiming or taking over essentially a different site, a public site in the city of London. So South Londoners took over one of the bridge and they wrecked a barricade there and basically shut down the bridge and used it as a protest site for the duration of the protest. North London protesters claimed Oxford Circus, which is for those of you who know London is a very busy intersection.  Those of the activists in the West London took over Parliament Square, which is right outside of Parliament, Big Ben. And, oh, sorry, that was actually East London and then West London took over Marble Arch, which is a site in Hyde Park. And what I'm talking about from theater context, which I found particularly illuminating, I guess, about Extincts Rebellion was the ways in which theatrics and the staging of visuals was a key part of what kept the rebellion in the public eye throughout the 10 days of its duration. The ways in which performative acts or performative gestures were critical to the success of the rebellion. And so some of those performance gestures, I mean, include people literally activists gluing their hands to the pavement outside of Shell Oil Corporation headquarters or gluing themselves to public transit to metro cars, like tube cars, to buses. The theatrics of claiming sites, of iconic sites in the city, so a bridge, a bridge and deploying banners off the sides, the sort of the theatrics of space. And also a use of props. And so one of the iconic images from the rebellion was this huge pink boat that was deployed in the middle of telling us, I'm speaking to a German friend about this. As she said, it's interesting, in the English language, we say staging protest, the idea of staging a protest. And for the first time, it really resonated with me the idea of what it is to stage protest and to consider the theatrical imagery around and the tools that we bring as artists or as makers of performance or live events to bear on these activist conditions. And I think what's become so critical in what was seen as so critical, I think during Extinction Rebellion was how do you create images and incidents that can be captured on video and retweeted 10, 20, 40,000 times? How can you create images that imprint themselves in the minds of a public and become viral? What was interesting to me was as well, so I was implicated in the rebellion. I was on the bridge, on the Waterloo Bridge, helping hold that site. I was eventually arrested and was in solitary confinement for 14 hours and charged and later released. But there's a lot to be said for who was able to put their bodies on the line to be arrested and also even the theatrics of those arrests at the time. The theatrics of people who who are not usually in the line of police engagement, bodies that are not usually arrested and the politics and who, what is it to see a white grandmother being carried away by all fours, by cops? How is that different in the public imagination somehow than who we might otherwise imagine being arrested in these scenarios? I think the confrontation and the relationship between the police and the protesters, there's so much to unpack there. And of course, my experience of arrest and detainment being something altogether different than a lot of other people's experience of that, probably in different times and different scenarios with the police force. Nevertheless, the ways in which exchange of rebellion in order to maintain fidelity of record, filmed and documented every single arrest that occurred. So the police of course are filming there from their end but activists are also filming their own arrests and the ways in which they are also creating a kind of archive of experience should the legal proceedings happen. And there was around the same time, I mean, this is sort of tangential a little bit to the conversation around climate but that same month in April, I was engaged in a direct action, a protest action at the Dorchester Hotel, protesting the ratification of Shreya Law in Brunei which would have seen the stony deaths of homosexuals and adulterers and a number of other categories of sexual crimes in Brunei. And the Brunei Investment Agency owns and operates the Dorchester Collection of Hotels which are a luxury brand of hotels across the world. And three friends of mine and I engaged in a protest action at the hotel during a high team in which we deployed signs and used a megaphone to sort of draw attention to the boycott that was ongoing with the hotel chain. And it was once again for me a sort of, I should say that the video of that incident, we later posted on social media and it went viral and was part of the kind of ongoing efforts to draw attention to the incident and pressure on the Dorchester Hotel Collection which was ultimately successful in that this alternate Brunei did ultimately back down from the passing of the legislation. But it made me think a lot about the ways in which a background again in theater and in staging events was critical to how that worked. The ways in which we sort of planned and rehearsed essentially everything we were going to do and say and the ways in which everything from what we wore to our text to the staging, like what room we chose in the hotel and the fact that the protest itself would have I think been far less effective or certainly far less viral or impactful to watch had the security guards of the hotel and the personal security guards at the various wealthy people who were working there had they not cast themselves essentially as the antagonists in this encounter. They basically descended upon us, grabbed us and began to sort of frog march us out of the hotel with incredible force and sort of try to push us through these revolving doors of the hotel. Had they not kind of cast themselves as the roles in the antagonist, had we been just able to kind of deploy our, say our bit and then walk out peacefully, we may have had a few thousand views and we may have kind of had some traction within the activist community but it would not have gone sort of mega viral the way it did. And I think so much of that comes down to the basic theatrics of the event and that suddenly you have people who are, you have the sort of, this is no longer a kind of, a kind of abstract conflict that's occurring sort of in another part of the world and there's not this kind of disconnect between what we're doing in the hotel versus what's happening over there. There's this kind of embodiment of a luxury brand shutting down and silencing queer voices. It becomes a physical action that occurs and that we can watch. And so sort of maybe think quite a bit about what are the conditions again that create a viral encounter or that create magnified protest. And just kind of getting back to sort of wrap up to I found the images that were for me the most, yeah, just sort of the most stunning or sort of moving I guess of extinction rebellion where again, these individual performative acts of resistance and particularly the incidents of, citizens, everyday citizens. In one case there was a five year old man who glued himself to the top of a train car in London and the ways in which for me, I could kind of read these gestures as like acts of performance art as much as they were kind of acts of protest. For me felt like they were aesthetic gestures. They were emotive gestures and narrative gestures as much as they were kind of these political gestures. So I guess in terms of how this replies to the future, and this is a course specifically speaking about environmental activism in this case, the activism around extinction rebellion in London.  I mean, I have been, of course, involved in Black Lives Matter protests here in London in the past few days. So in that sense, I've been back amongst people but not in a performance context or a theatrical context. And I think until we are thinking critically, how can we use these skill sets that we have? We have tools, we have these immense skill sets about knowing how to stage events, knowing how to kind of create images, striking images, knowing how to kind of communicate layered sociopolitical, like layers of sociopolitical import through an image or through a gesture or through a performative act. And so knowing how to deploy those and knowing how to kind of create a kind of, whether it's through direct action or whether it's through kind of some other means, I think that's, and also how we can use the tools, I guess, of the internet and online to kind of magnify those gestures as well. So those are things I've been thinking about. And it's sort of as much about the present as it is the future. But I guess, yeah, it's one of the things I've been thinking about really in the last year or so is really how can I use those tools as being theater artists to kind of for radical action, essentially. So yeah, thanks. Thank you so much, both of you for taking the stage for a period of time to talk about how you're seeing the future and now from each of your perspectives and with relation to a number of avenues that kind of bring together this point now looking ahead to the future. I have a couple of questions just to kick off and then I would like to ask if anyone does have any questions to put them into the chat or, yeah, put them into the chat or you can also put your hand up if you go to the participants button and I think you can put your hand up that way. However you'd like to do it, please do. So I'd like to start just by asking you, Donna Michelle, first of all, thank you so much for answering that question that I asked when we lost Jordan because it was fun and it was off the cuff but it ended up being a really made me think the answer, so thank you so much for really engaging with it. And I just wanna ask about, you refer to the Meryl Thieves, Cheryl Demmelein's book and you said that hunted for the thing that is needed. And I'm curious about what that means for you now as an artist and as you project to the future. I mean, boy, wow. In this moment at this time on this day today, I guess it means how do I write an anti-racist statement or clean up this mess I made and it doesn't mean, can we look at your script and consider producing it? It means an ongoing pattern of being sucked dry for what other people need and the failure to ask the reciprocal question about what's needed in return. Thank you. And I feel embarrassed for not understanding sort of the depth of what that offer was and so I really appreciate you answering that question. Thanks. You also said that the future is me and then made a joke that I didn't get so I didn't get to do the high five. So I feel like the future is you but I don't see that as humorous. I see that as, yes. So I guess I'm just wondering if I miss something in that or is it just saying like I'm here and the future is what I'm placing myself into the future with. You're giving it so much more credit. It was a joke about a rapper and a football player. You don't need to look any further into it. Okay. All right, it's funny. I appreciate you thinking that things I say have meaning. Well, they do. Some people got it. We got some fives. I know some people. Okay, then I've got one more. And maybe this was here but it really struck me quite deeply and that is you said that you want to be fluid without being watered down and that really struck a chord because it's so hard to know how to be in these constantly shifting times and moments and to be available to what is coming at us but as you say to not be watered down. And I wonder if you have particular things that you gravitate towards in order to help keep that balance in your life. Yeah, I guess your questions are very hard tonight. I look to my collaborators and the people who I trust to check me and my community in the ways that I'm moving differently. So as a rock and a hard place seems to be everything has to go digital now versus theater isn't digital and the validity of that entire spectrum and how those things can be correct in different moments. And so like, I don't want to rush to do digital stuff because Canada Council told me to. I don't work for them. But on the other hand, there's some things I want to do that are digital. Like, oh, can I do that without being a sucker? I went all the way through high school not playing basketball because people kept asking me if I did. That's, you know, so what's the balance of serving what my need is that stems from something before this exact moment? Yeah, how does this come from me? That's, I guess, my centering question. How does the impulse to do this new work come from me as opposed to there's a platform being offered or some other objective? Thank you. Jordan, you, you know, we're deeply involved as you said in Extinction Rebellion and also, I don't know what the name of the action was at the Dorchester Hotel. And also you were involved in a performance in, I can't remember the name of the, which country was it, Hungary? Oh, yeah. Yeah. Yeah, that's true. I did a number of direct actions in Hungary around, well, specifically the Orban government's number of things. I mean, the banny of the study of transgendered issues in post-secondary education and subsequent to that now, the elimination of gender identity at all from any kind of legal recognition. So I read the entirety of Judith Butler's Gender Trouble outside the Hungarian Parliament over eight hours in November of, I guess, 2019. So it's just sort of the various, yeah, trying to find ways to kind of make theater performance action more, I suppose. Well, and I think, you know, part of why I was so excited for the two of you to be in the same Zoom room together anyway was that both of you in your work have, you know, Donna Michelle with the 54ology and sort of taking this massive look at so many different stories, representative of different issues and questions and horror stories in certain places and bringing it under sort of a huge investigation of people and loves and losses and extractions and issues and Jordan in terms of your using the word, words, sort of deploying theatricality. And I'm just thinking, you know, I, it feels to me like the way in which you're conscious about your protests as acts of theater in some respects. And I guess I wonder about how you, there's no question that what you do inspires and is terrifying, but I wonder how you sit with what you're able to do. I have a question around what your capacity as a young white man who can walk into the doorchester to stage that and somebody else who might not be able to and how you, cause I know you do have some thoughts about that and I would love to hear your thoughts about that. Yeah. I mean, it's absolutely sort of, yeah, to acknowledge the privilege that is bestowed upon my body and person and to leverage that for, to use that as a tool or as a weapon against those who are oppressing my friends and loved ones and colleagues and peers and people like myself. And I think, you know, there's all kinds of ways in which yes, like the fact that we could kind of play a kind of like Mayfair drag and like these guys, you know, we could show up in suits and be seated at the doorchester hotel, not that we wouldn't be seated if we were white, but we, but there's something about, I think, the fact that we kind of blend in more to the scenery that kind of like something about that does something to the psychology of watching that video, I think then if we were even, even if we were sort of just like, you know, like, like wearing our kind of normal street punk looks, like even if we were just, you know, kind of our like in our kind of normal queer rave look and we were in that space and if we weren't wearing suits, we weren't kind of, if we weren't kind of coded as being of that kind of sociopolitical milieu, it would have, that protest would have resonated differently. We may not have gotten seated even like, you know, that there's ways in which always kind of layers of access and privilege and enable certain, I guess, capacities for protest. I mean, same thing with extinction rebelling as well. I think one of my critiques of extinction is, you know, it was diverse to an extent, but it was still largely, I think, quite white and quite middle class. And there, you know, it was intersectional in different ways, but not to the extent that it could be or should be. And but there's other kinds of, I guess, things like layers of precarity. I think whenever I'm doing political actions here in whether it's in Hungary or whether it's in the UK, I mean, I'm not a citizen of these countries. And so I am nervous about arrest and deportation.  But there's ways in which, you know, I'm also trying to kind of measure the amount of risk that I'm able to take based on the precarity of my situation in different ways. And there was a protest I was going to stage actually at the war museum against the paintings of George W. Bush that were exhibited there in September, well, actually exhibited throughout the summer until the fall of last year at the war museum, his paintings of Iraq war veterans. And for sort of various reasons, political reasons and sort of visa reasons, I felt like I couldn't do it. I didn't do it. So there's ways in which sometimes I sort of will plan something and then kind of psych myself out or back myself down from something. And I think we all must make those kind of risk assessments, I guess. So, and I definitely acknowledge that I've had privilege, even the privilege of being an artist who is not employed by an employer. You know, I can, I'm an artist who makes enough money that I can live through my art and I don't have to worry about being fired for my job for these things as well. There's all kinds of ways in which, you know, some people are more better situated in a way or have more security to be able to take those kinds of political risks. Thank you. I was hoping that maybe Don and Michelle might have a question for you and you might be able to talk without me getting in. And then there's a couple of questions from the floor if we have time before we're done. Oh, Don and Michelle, I think you're muted. Thank you so much. In forcing how bad I am at this. I have an observation that I want to share with you, Jordan, because I have a feeling in my body and then I need to just talk about it for a second. I'm sitting with some of the stuff that you're saying and I hear how it's true and logical. But I keep on hearing the way that the public imagination receives differently a white grandma being dragged away. And I want to express to you with love and without describing anything to your intention that when I hear that, I hear myself being imagined out of the public. And I also hear that violence to my body is commonplace and not worthy of mention and redress. I don't think that those are the things you mean, but just I think a lot of well-meaning people talk about the value of their white body and the struggle. And I want to make sure that you know that I'm here hearing that I have less value in my body. And without describing that intention to you, that is uncomfortable for me to listen to. Yeah, I hear that. Thank you, Dan. I appreciate you sharing that. I think I raise that as a critique, I think, of extinction rebellion or I suppose of British media in its representation of these events in the ways in which I think the British media's portrayal of extinction rebellion and its highlighting of white bodies, the problematics of that, the ways in which that's used or deployed for public sympathy in Britain. So I think, I mean, I hear what you're saying and I completely hear that and agree. I think that's the... And I think that has remained an ongoing problematic in reporting actually around climate protests and especially as it exists here in Britain that white bodies are accorded more somehow, or they are seen as the sort of the default for the public or something. And it's like, that's the, that is, I hope that's different than Canada, but I feel like that is a huge problem and a huge kind of violence in the British media from my observation. Well, thanks for hearing that. Yeah. So we are so close to time, which just seems not possible, but there were some questions from the floor and maybe I'll just read three and then maybe a choice to go for one. So one was from the live stream. Do you feel that this is a true moment of change? And if you do, how do you think we can keep this change permanent? So first, how can we give hope in our work as artists and not contribute to the eco-anxiety when we perform on that issue? Also, do you believe we should give hope or press that this issue is important? And then finally, what kind of stories and or narrative gestures do you feel can contribute to the thought shift that's needed for us to make the kind of societal change we have the potential to make at this moment in time? So three massive questions. About a minute. Could you repeat the first one, Sarah? Sure. The first one, do you feel that this is a true moment of change? And if you do, how do you think we can keep this change permanent? Joanne, do you wanna go ahead? I just talked a bunch. If you, yeah, why don't you take a stab at that? Yeah, I mean, I feel like whether it's, I mean, speaking about the climate for sure, I would say that from last year, especially onward, I feel like there did feel like a kind of revolutionary potential that was, like there was something that, there felt like a sea change that had occurred. I think especially amongst, I think a revolution that is beginning with, or is being led by young people, I think is usually a revolution in good hands often. And I think the fact that there was such a huge sort of wellspring of grassroots activism among generations on climate starting, you know, kind of last year, and hopefully continuing to spite the sort of stalling of COVID, I think that, I think enough has changed both in the consciousness of sort of broad public, but also in some policy that I think that that change is permanent and I hope continues for sure. I do feel like, I do sense that there feel like a revolutionary moment that's continuing at this moment, which is exciting, but I hope there have been permanent changes already made. Thanks, Jordan. We've got like a minute. Donna Michelle, if you want to. We've got 20 seconds. Yeah, I think it's a moment of true change because I think every moment is a moment of true change and every moment feels like the biggest change that there ever was to the people who have to contend with the discomfort of the unsettling and sometimes those people were correct and it was in fact the biggest thing ever, but they were gonna think that whether it was or not. I think that whether or not this is a moment of true change, whether or not this is the biggest change there ever is, whether or not any of that, this is the only moment in which you can make change. So what other thing are we waiting for than now? Like this is it, it's now. Thank you both so much. You are two artists that I admire greatly and it's so generous of you both to come and share this time with us and to try to take on a topic like the future. In particular, I think in this moment, there's so many questions and thank you. I can't wait to see what both of you do as we head into the future. You both have given us in Canada and abroad so many things to think about and ways to feel about things. And I look forward to more and more from you both. So this is the official end of our time. I wanna thank all of you here in the Zoom call and all of you on the live stream, Donna Michelle St. Bernard and Jordan Tannehill. Thank you for this late night conversation. And I hope that all of you will stay and dance it out with DJ Cyrus Marcus Ware and we're gonna dance like the earth is watching because the earth is. So thanks a lot. And thank you guys. Thank you both. Thank you so much. Thank you, Jim. Awesome. Thanks, Sarah.


The House of Representatives has built a ministerial state for power, Gordy Agba, for the continuous grid collapses in the country. According to the House committee, since the privatization of the power sector in 2013, Nigeria has witnessed over 100 national grid collapses, details now. In its response, the minister of state for power said Nigeria has not experienced national grid collapse, but systems disruption. Blackout is not a collapse, but blackouts can result from collapse as well as disruptions. But this one, we have had this year, we've had four of them, but they have not been collapsed, is disruption. And disruptions have been as a result of, there could be human factors, there could be equipment factors, there could be political factors, there could be other factors. He was immediately countered by the Executive Secretary, Association of Power Generation Companies, Joy Ogaji, who insisted that from 2016 to 2022, Nigeria has experienced 136 national grid collapses. This was corroborated by the Managing Director of the Transmission Company of Nigeria. Reset shows that the Nigerian utilities have the third lowest reliability in South Saharan Africa. Ninety percent of grid connections are considered unreliable, and outages are longer or more frequent in rural areas. This is an international research that I quoted. Customers often average just two hours per day of unreliable low-quality electricity service. There is no day for a generation company who say we have generated so much mega-hours and TCN is unable to evacuate it. There is no doubt, and we are still challenging all the generation companies to come out if there is any day they make a generation where we cannot evacuate it. We have the responsibility of 8,100 and we still stand by that. Earlier, the chairman of the committee, Magaji Aliu, assured that the committee was not out to weekend the stakeholders, but to find the lasting solution to the problem. And we're here to give the required legal biking and assurances of funding to this sector. So we expect to hear the truth, nothing but the truth. A stable power sector is essential for the growth and sustainability of a flourishing national economy. Ensuring stability in the power sector and providing our country's energy needs. It's a responsibility of this government and this house. It's serious.


Okay, we're here at AT&T Park. This is Dave Vellante in SiliconANGLE's continuous coverage of VMworld 2012. We're here at the NetApp customer event with David Flynn, friend of the Cube, CEO of Fusion IO. David, welcome back. Well, thank you. Glad to be back. Good to see you. What do you think of this venue? It's unbelievable, isn't it? Ah, this is great. Boots great, too. Are you a baseball fan? You know, haven't really gotten into baseball a lot. Well, it's not really out your way, is it? Yeah, and being so busy. Yeah, well, so I've only been to this park once. It was years and years ago, but it's a great venue. So see what you have to look forward to. Your public company, all you have to do is double every year for the next five years, right? You know that story about NetApp? It's an amazing, amazing growth story. So, yeah, when they were $50 million for those of you don't know, Dave Hitz had this great idea. He's a technical guy, and he said, all you got to do is double every year for the next five years. It will be a billion-dollar company. Of course, the sales guy, Tom Mendoza, said, you're out of your mind, you know. So there's aspirations for you. Yeah, well, we did 82% last year. And 222 compound annual over the past four. So well on our way. Yeah, the numbers kind of match there, right?  Yeah, yeah. Quite a bit. So, you guys just announced a big relationship with NetApp. They're very excited about it. I know you are. I mean, essentially, if you think about Fusion I.O.,  You've all been about expanding your TAM and gaining share. So you've expanded your product line, you've expanded your relationships. Where does NetApp fit into that? As you provide more performance in delivering data to processors, it generates a lot more data that needs to be managed. So there's a big synergy between the performance tier and the capacity and data management tier. So you've never had an aspiration to get into the spinning disc business, right? So you're partnering with the guys that have that in Stalbase. Yeah, they're good at it. Where do you see those two worlds dovetailing? You know, there's synergies on both fronts. On the technology side, the NetApp waffle file system, because how it serializes writes is perfect for taking the data that isn't fitting in the cache in the server and being able to write it very quickly. It's rather ironic that the performance storage arrays, these sands, don't get that same benefit because they're trying to still do random writes. So it's really a neat synergy from a technology point of view with a cache in the server out front and the disc in the back ingesting data sequentially because that's what this can do very well. That's just on the technology front. Then you go on the business front, the compatibility in the marketplace with the sales team and the ability to address the market as best of breeds in our respective areas where we're not trying to hoist on customers a proprietary single vendor locked thing coupled all the way out to the server. People don't want to be told that they have to put a specific storage vendor in the server, so this gives us that flexibility. NetApp's very partner-friendly right now, aren't they? Because they don't have a big services business and so the resellers really love that and like you said they're open to working with a lot of different companies and they're big independent storage companies, so that has to be attractive from your standpoint. It is.  They're a pure play on the disk-based systems and that makes it very compatible. What's your point of view on, speaking of continuing this pure play theme, you see a lot of consolidation in the industry and there seems to be this move toward these integrated systems, but for two decades now pure plays have always beaten the integrated play. Is that changing or do you see flash as being so unique in delivering such new business value that it can maintain that pure play independent mojo? Well, I think markets when they mature, they absolutely go to more layered, not more integrated. It's a fluid kind of thing and there's give and take to some extent, but the market demands options and demands choice on things and now that choice is simply moving to the cloud, right? Your choice isn't necessarily about what vendor you use in your own infrastructure is who do you use in the cloud, so you're seeing it shift up to where there's an additional layer of the cloud-based services on top and so that's why we're catering our technologies to cloud providers, the software as a service folks like Salesforce.com, like the Facebooks and Apples of the world that are providing services in the cloud for consumers. What's your perspective? I mean you're selling to these guys that are very advanced, they're building these amazing data centers, many of them are highly homogeneous, definitely best to breed data centers, they've got a lead on the traditional IT shop, they've got an advantage, they don't have all this legacy infrastructure and thousands of applications, but do you see a lot of those ideas, those best practices spilling into the traditional data center? We talked about this before, Facebook not being an outlier, is that happening? Well, there's some barriers to using the scale out technology in the traditional IT world. Those barriers is that in the scale out world, people have a priority to scale above and beyond data management and they're at a scale that they can afford to do their own management and build their own systems for it. In traditional IT space, you can't do that, so to get good data management, to get the data reliability, data integrity, that's not necessary often in that scale out web world, so what we see as an interesting opportunity is kind of the combination of using Flash to now miniaturize the data management and the data reliability, the transactional consistency, so you can put that into the scale out infrastructure and have that layered with disks behind it that are also best in breed and how they manage the data. We're going to see hybrid systems like that that support scale out on the front end and scale up capacity tier on the back end. Yes, so you guys have been working hard, as I mentioned at the top of the spot to really expand your product line. Talk about that and talk about just your vision and your long-term growth strategy. So, you know, our product started with the first piece that you had to have, Flash as a memory, rethink it from scratch, architect it in to get the maximum benefit from it, instead of putting it through storage controller, all the stuff that slows it down, put it in as a memory device and virtualize it using a software subsystem in the OS, our VSL, very much like virtualizing your memory subsystem. That's the start and it allows us to address a certain market, folks who can use local storage and at the application layer get the services they need. So, the scale out world that works well, Oracle, MySQL, those very mature applications do a lot of the data management and can deal with local storage, but the rest of the world needs the convenience of shared storage or the full-blown data management that they're used to today. So, we took the product that started as Flash as storage local to the server and augmented it with the software for that Flash to be able to act as a cache in front of your traditional storage and data management systems such as the NetApp. So, you can have the best of both of those. Accelerate the data, but keep your same data management. And the third is with our ION product, where you can take an off the shelf server with Flash locally attached and this software gives it the personality to act as a high speed storage array. So, you get your shared storage from within your server. So, those are really the three models. Flash in the server, Flash in the server is a cache in front of your traditional storage and Flash in a server sharing it as if it were a sand. So, the last four or five years have been incredibly productive for you personally and you guys have obviously spent a lot of time and effort. Did you even remotely envision where you would be at this point four or five years ago? You know, if anything, the answer to that is simply no. Never would have imagined it and it's largely because we didn't even comprehend the size of the pain point. The fact that processors in the last 50 years are like 40 million times faster and storage isn't any much faster than it was. Yeah, about the same. Right, it's only so fast you can spin a platter and move a needle. So, you know, it's moving atoms versus moving electrons. Moving electrons win every time. Sorry. And that pain point, that gap has left a system starved for being able to get data supplied quickly. Yet you still have to solve the capacity problem because being able to deliver the data quickly into the processor is only going to create more of it that you have to store and that's why it's so complimentary to have the capacity and the performance. David, it's always such a pleasure talking to you. I learned something every time I see you. Thanks very much for your time. Congratulations on everything and enjoy the rest of the event and keep it right there. We'll be right back.


Je suis là pour parler d'une plateforme de distribution et de communication sécuritaire appelée RING. Ce n'est pas exactement le même titre que la présentation, c'est décentralisé. Je l'ai répliqué avec distribué. Je vais vous parler d'une différence. Alors, c'est la compagnie que j'ai travaillé pour. Nous sommes construits dans Free Software pour vivre. Nous sommes basés en Montréal, en Canada. Et nous sommes construits dans beaucoup de choses différentes, comme l'open stack, les déploiements pour les clients, les websites pour les entreprises privées, les apps mobiles aussi. Nous sommes basically 100 geeks et développeurs et nous pouvons faire presque tout avec cette puissance. RING, c'est un projet R&D pour nous. C'est vraiment Free Software. Il n'y a pas de prix sur ça. Nous n'avons pas d'argent sur ça. C'est la équipe à Saint-Barthéneux qui travaille sur ça. Nous sommes 6 gars qui tentent de faire skype. C'est un challenge à l'heure. Nous avons aussi des contributions externes. Mais ces 6 gens sont en train de travailler sur le projet. Je vais commencer avec le demo. J'ai essayé de travailler pour ça, parce que j'ai juste essayé et c'est un peu chiant. J'ai une vidéo pour ça, juste en cas. Je vais essayer de faire ça dans la vie. Je vais essayer de faire un call de ce Magbou Pro, à ce GNOME laptop, ce Linux laptop. Il a fait la fin. Maintenant, mon laptop est en mode vertical. Je ne sais pas ce qui s'est passé. Je ne sais pas ce qui s'est passé. N'importe quoi. Je peux le faire avec mon tablette Android. Je vais faire un call d'incompréhension de ma Nexus 7. Let's respond to that. C'est là. Je n'ai pas fait un call sans interrompre avec un server comme skype. J'ai juste fait une simple demande sur la chaine que tous ses clients crament. Qu'est-ce que l'appétition d'apparat dans ce tablette Android ? Et quelqu'un sur la chaine, quelques personnes en utilisant le call maintenant, sait ce qu'est l'appétition d'apport dans ce tabletel. Ils ne interrompent directement. Pour réserver un autre, ils utilisent un DHT, C'est comme pour le système BitTorrent, tu sais, tu n'as pas des files sur l'internet pour un certain nombre de gens. C'est la même chose ici. On fait une query pour appeler quelqu'un. J'ai eu des problèmes avec la rotation, mais ne t'inquiètes pas, ça pourrait être fixé. Nous sommes maintenant mieux. C'est un cas simple, c'est un peer-to-peer. Je vais me remettre ça un peu. Right after I resolved the IP address I want to contact, a peer-to-peer call is made, direct IP to IP. It is fully encrypted. We think privacy should be in your hand, not in the hands of Skype or Hangouts or anyone random on the internet. Even if the FBI wanted to submit from us, we couldn't help them because we don't run any infrastructure. We don't have any servers where we know which people are using ring or what are the different IP addresses on the network. We don't know anything. When you're making a call, a peer-to-peer call, we can't decrypt what you're saying. I can give you the tablet if you want. Just make it... It's going back. So... What we do is actually we are trying to make... The main focus we have right now is to put ring in as many hands as we can. So we are trying to make what Skype does because it's the easiest use case. You can basically tell everyone to use ring. It's really easy. You could also use ring for Raspberry Pi or Bigel Bones and do some IoT stuff, and that's what we are doing. But our main focus is to have really nice clients for people to use. We have OSX clients, Windows, Linux, and Android app as well. So we are aiming at the big markets here. We are not... Nice questions. We are trying to make it possible to call everyone even behind Nuts. We are trying to handle every network configuration.  And basically you will need a turn server or something like that to handle the video streams and everything. But we are working on different solutions to stop using turn servers as well. We don't need servers to handle peers resolution. We are going to try to do the same thing for turn servers. But we are not here yet. So you can set up a turn server in ring and use it for all your communications if you need to, if you are behind a Nuts and you know the other person as well. So when you say you are not using turn servers you will still need something that is like a... Yeah, a relay basically. But it won't be formally specified that this is the turn server but would this be another part of the ring? Yeah, exactly. Everyone using ring could register on the DHT, on the disability network we are using. They could register services. They could be... All right, my bandwidth is pretty awesome. I could help people to site as a relay. Thank you. So yeah, you could basically register yourself as a turn server if your networks allows it and if your bandwidth allows it and if you are willing to give a little bit of it it could be nice for other guys. So... Next thing I wanted to show it was actually making a conference call with this other guy. But since the network is kind of... light... Yeah, in just a couple of... What do you want to do? Oh, ok, ok. I'm gonna try just this one. If it's not working, we can try this. I will show you how we exchange ring IDs because what you see... All right, I'm gonna... If it's working... Sorry. No, I don't think so. Yeah, all right, let me... We're gonna exchange our ring IDs and after that we can make a call. So what you see here it's your new number on the network. It's not easy to remember. It's easy to share.  Basically when you want to share it for example on OSX you can share it via all these different means. It depends on all the platform and the nice, the cool stuff we do on Android it's we have a QR code to share it. So we're just gonna exchange our ring IDs and after that we will be able to call each other. All right. Do you have a barcode reader or something like that? Install? No. Just go there, here. Scan. Oh, no, you don't have one. Okay, I'm installing it. Don't worry. Okay, so... Let's scan... your ring ID. Okay. Perfect. So now I can call you. Let's try it. Sorry. No, the QR code reader, for now it's just an external app. You download it on the Play Store and it will just take you back after the exchange of the data. So what you did? Yeah. And it's in FDroid as well. Sorry? Yeah, it's on the Play Store and FDroid as well. We got some people asking for it and it didn't get through I think. The call between two men. Yeah, so it's on FDroid as well. So, are you working now? And if I text you? Hey. Are you on the network? Oh, you're on the phone? Oh, yeah. I enabled it. Okay, okay. But I didn't confirm your app. Okay. Call me right now. You can call me as well. What I can show you as well is I have just a demo just in case. So do I have to confirm you? No. For now, if you exchange it with me, basically you don't need another step to confirm that you want to talk to me. Yeah, so what we do, I showed you audio, video. I wanted to show you conference. I will show you the video I have, I think. We also do text messaging. So from the Android app or from the desktop, you can just chat without making any calls because we are in 2016. People text, they don't call usually. So let's... Oh, yeah. I'm going to send me a couple of messages from here. Do you have to accept my call? No. I didn't receive it. I don't know. Maybe I never tried the 4G in Singapore. So maybe there are some limitations. Government issues or provider issues. I don't know. Is the Wi-Fi here already? Sorry? The Wi-Fi is kind of okay. Problem is it's on 5 GHz, so some of my devices can't see it. What's up? All right. So yeah, I'm basically testing myself here. So... And it's running through our network, disability network right now. So... Basically, when I want to text message him, I just put this message on the network and at some point it will get notified that someone is trying to text you. Here is how it looks with a conference. So it's a conference between Alice, Mad Hatter and what rabbit. All right. These are people working in Sarafelineux. So what he did, he made a first call to Alice and now he's calling right rabbit as well. This is actually the GNOME client. And now he's going to link the two calls together. And here it is. You have a conference call. So... We tested up to, I think, six or seven participants. After that it was quite laggy, the video was glitchy. Because the one making the conference acts like the server of the conference. Like he takes all the streams, he creates the frames, you see. Like he places all the people on the screen and he streams it back. So for all the other participants in the conference it's like a simple call. But for the conference master it can be huge on the network and processing stuff. Oh, you're going to stream a movie right now. Basically, hello. Screen sharing and file sharing as well. So movies and images. Here he's going to drag and drop a movie. And here it is. Other people can see your presentation or a video on YouTube. You don't know this. And after that you can switch back to your camera. All right, here it is. So... Oh yeah, one last thing I would like to try is to show you how ring can be shipped in embedded devices. So what we did is we put a ring on a Raspberry Pi in a house back in Canada. And this Raspberry Pi can control all the lights in the house. So... I'm going to call it the Canada cabin. And so... Oh, it's working. Nice. All right, so it's dark. There's no video. Yes, there is video because... It's only because it's dark in Canada because it's 1 a.m. What I'm going to do is I'm going to send comments to this Raspberry Pi from here. And I'm going to try to see if it works. Oh wow, I just light up the whole house back in Canada. This is my boss's house. He's kind enough to share it with us. I think it's easier actually. I talked to him this morning, he was there. So I hope I didn't wake him up right now.  All right, help, and it's off. What's the command that you're using for this? Sorry? What's the command that you're typing in the comments? It's like a custom thing where we did... So anyone of us can create commands and parse it on the Raspberry Pi and then we start using the Raspberry Pi? Yeah, sure, sure. Yeah, you can build your own stuff. I mean, if you want to, for example, look what's inside your fridge before going back home, you could just make a call to your Raspberry Pi and just see what you need to buy, for example. Or you could watch over your grandparents if they're wandering in the neighbourhood or if they left the oven on, for example. There's a lot of use cases. We are just exploring one right now. So I just wanted to know how much part of it is ring-loving at Raspberry Pi? Yeah, sure. Ring is actually doing all the resolution for all the peer-to-peer stuff, like the video calls, and it listens for text messages. So after that, on the other side, we have a Python script that understands these text messages and translates them and gives them back to the Raspberry Pi. So yeah, it's normally for you to integrate ringing all the different stuff. You don't have a lot of work to do and we're going to do most of the work for you since we're going to provide the Raspberry packages on the big old bones ones. We're going to try to diversify as much as we can. So yeah, I'm going to hang up this one. All right, so any questions right now? Turn off the video by default. Sorry? Yeah, yeah, basically you can do that. Yeah, we could add a little bit in the ring preferences. It's a kind of small, sorry about that. Oh, maybe? Can I zoom in? No. You can... You can zoom in on Mac, right? I don't know. No, I don't know. So yeah, you can choose different stuff about your video resolution. And also you can enable or disable video what it is. It's like in media. Yeah, here. Here are all the account settings for my ring account. So you can choose what audio codec to use, what video codecs to use. Or if you don't want video, you just disable video and you make it. So when you make a call, do you make it or something? Yeah, yeah. They have to press accept, basically. But the Raspberry Pi... Yeah, the Raspberry Pi, we have a feature. It's an auto-answer thing. If you have some machines that can't press accept and you just want to call them anytime you want. So you can enable it. It's over here. Auto-answer calls. Here. Yeah. And here you can see that you can add another ring account or you can also add CIP accounts. It's basically ring before being ring. It was called SFL phone. It was a CIP phone developed by Savofer Linux. So we kept that feature because it was really interesting to be able to operate with different clients. Like, you can... Basically, what you could do with ring is making a conference with someone in the company with its extension using CIP. And after that, plug someone from outside using ring and plug them together. It's this kind of power we're talking about. Communication encrypted? Yeah. Yeah. I'm going to show you the different layers and the different level of encryption in each one. So I think I showed you some different stuff about it. One more thing. Yeah. If you're not running out of time, do you create a group chat of Raspberry Pi and host it on another Raspberry Pi ou you mean chatroom and you want to access... Yeah, I've got so many rooms and stuff so I just host it on a server on a Raspberry Pi if all the camera feed is running on a single Raspberry Pi, then I go in as a client and I can access the entire home. We don't have this principle of chatroom right now. I mean, when you text it's basically peer-to-peer. But that's definitely something we would like to do. Be able to create chatgroups that will live on the network and you could join them and share with them. So, I'll go back. Yeah, because it's already 30 minutes. But it was planned. I wanted to do a lengthy demo to show you a lot of stuff. So, this is basically the three points I'm going to develop right now. I try to go a little bit technical, not too much as well. Try to find the right balance here. So, first, I will talk a little bit about the distributed stuff we have in Ring. After that, it will be how it is secure and what it is universal to. I already talked a little bit about the different use cases and what you can do with Ring This is just to remind you that it's free software. You can use it. You can build your own stuff. You can help us build something. We accept basically every contribution. If you want to be part of it, you're welcome. Paul Barren, nice guy. He basically invented what is a packet on the network. So, yeah, respect here. Any emitted, the hypothesis like for a network to be stable, each node need at least to have free connections to other. Like that, if one node disappear, the rest of the network can survive. That's why in the different concepts we have here, first it's welcome to Skype. The centralized network with a single point of failure. Basically Skype closed down. It's over. After that, you got some decentralized networks. So, here, not everyone is connected the same way to other people. That means that if you remove this big guy the network will be broken. Some people will be unable to communicate with others. And finally, what we did in Ring, it's a distributed network. It means that everyone has the same number of connections to the other peers on the network. It means that if you go offline, people don't rely on you to be online to be able to continue communications. And here, I'm going to start to dig into the technical stuff. So, this is what we are putting on the network. This is the distributed hash table. Are you familiar, if you're familiar with the concept of hash table or, I mean, like tolerance, you know stuff about tolerance. Yeah, I saw you Daniel. You know it. You too? All right. So basically, the distributed hash table it's so the distributed part it's because it's shared among all the clients of the same network. But only each node of the network only knows a little bit of the total index of the total key value pairs on the network. Basically, you know like maybe 8 or 10 neighbors or you don't have all the information of the network. You don't need to you can just ask if you don't have it. And this is what we put on the network. We put keys basically hash values and yeah, hash and values associated to the keys. The value can be anything. It can be text. It can be, I mean text message. I mean it can be appui addresses. It can be whatever you want to put on the network. After that, it's your job to know what to do with the stuff you put on the network. This is actually what does beTorrents. It associates keys like hashes with appui addresses. It goes not enough for us because to go through NATS and everything you need to put your private IP address on the distributed network. You need to put some more complex stuff for the other clients to be able to talk to you. So, you can actually put a lot of different stuff. You can put ICE messages. ICE, crush cross on ICE really quick. It's for interactive communication establishment, I think so. It basically a framework to be able to tell what is your network settings for you. So, it will encapsulate all the logic. Am I being behind on that? Do I have my public address? It relies on stun and turn to determine all this stuff. And after that, you get like an ICE message that other clients can take and they can understand what I'm trying to call. Is this guy behind on that? Or what are these settings he's running with? So, it's richer than just IP addresses and like between those. We need it to be. So, we use our own implementation of DHT. We don't share it with Bitorrent, for example. We could have just extended the network, but it was too simple for us. We needed some more complex stuff, like I just said. So, we did open DHT. It's on GitHub as well, so you can contribute and you can see how it works. And so, this is a basic layer that every ring client has. And there's basically three operations you can do with DHT. You can put stuff on the network. So, it's almost like a web service, I mean. You can put stuff, you can get stuff and you can listen on things. So, you can register and you can say on the network, all right. I want to be notified when I receive an incoming call. The thing here is when you want to contact someone, you don't actually look you actually contact a specific point on the DHT. It's like a mailbox. When you want to call someone behind a net, you can go through and you can connect directly. So, instead we set up the principle here is basically, everyone on ring is listening to a specific point on the network like a mailbox. So, someone on the network you can people that wants to talk to you they put ice message there and after that, you listen on this particular point and you can you basically listen on this particular client and you can receive the necessary information. Okay, someone wants to talk to me I will give him back the specific answer. It works like that for text messages for basically everything. Yeah, it's really really complicated I don't want to enter into any details because I think yeah, I have a lot of stuff to talk about. Why is it secure? So, you saw the huge number you will maybe one day you will all have one. It's kind of ring ID it's the nice term to replace the hash the shawan of your public key certificate it was way too complicated so we just call that a ring ID. When you first install ring, you create your ring account it generates for you RSA Keeper and after that your number is the fingerprint of the public key. Yes, I mean good question. Right now yeah, it's kind of linked to your hardware.  So right now we don't support it like if you install it on your phone on your laptop and on your tablette, you will have three different ring IDs. For now it's really connected to your hardware and if you try to export the same RSA Keeper on different devices we're not ready for that yet. I mean there's a lot of logic like when you receive a call is it gonna ring on all devices like Hangout does or Skype does but after that if you take the call on one device, you need to notify all the others that you don't need to ring anymore and this it's way more complicated when you don't have a server like holding the truth about what's going on right now when you have to rely on a distributed network we have to reinvent everything I mean it's kind of a huge challenge that we are facing right now but this question I got it every time on our mailing list it's pretty common because what Skype does or Hangout does it's really convenient if you have everything if you have two devices you can choose on which one to take your call but soon I hope we will make it work you got a ring ID this ring ID like I said you have to share it it's a bit complicated we're trying to make it easier and it's a bit like OpenPGP Key Signing Exchanges you see when you want to exchange your key you either meet the person and exchange a business card or you can send a mail or anything like that here I'm gonna show you the different layers and how each layer is secure so the first layer I talked about is the DHT this is for the resolution for peer resolution like Bob wants to talk to Hallis how can I contact Hallis so for that we use the RSA key pair after that we use SIP for all our negotiation because we already supported it as a SOP phone when we were only a SIP phone and so we kept that since it's a standard we didn't reinvent the wheel for that we wanted to be as open as possible and it was easier for people to understand how SIP work and how ring work instead of having like a custom protocol I think TOX does that I don't know if you know TOX it's like a messaging app but they have their own TOX protocol so it's kind of like a closed ecosystem SIP is for the negotiation like for what what are we gonna use for audio what are we gonna use for video what do you support when Bob and Hallis are ok with everything the final communication can start with the RTP the secure RTP stuff so I show the different security layers I won't go into details into them because I don't know them well enough and if you want to know how TLS work go to a TLS session I can show you that oh yeah how is ring built is that one huge binary you have to ship everywhere no we have different layers we have different components in ring the main one the one doing all the communication and the video processing and everything it's the first one it's LibRing this one can be shipped on Raspberry Pi you need only this stuff to work to make it work on embedded hardware and after that it's for richer clients like desktop clients the Android app as well not for the Android app but it's kind of hard to integrate with Qt we use Qt for the LibRing client part it's a business logic component we handle how contacts are loaded how history is managed everything is done in LibRing client and it's done with the Qt framework because it's cross-platform so it was easier instead of we could share it across all the platforms except Android because it didn't play well with Android since Java and Qt doesn't like it very much so yeah we are packaging Linux we are packaging for Ubuntu Fedora I think we got it working on yeah we got Debian as well of course Windows I think from Windows 7 to Windows 10 and OS 6 from 10.8 to 10.11 to the last one Air Capitan is it in Qt yet? sorry? yeah the Android app? yeah it's in it oh really? sorry? yeah on the play store but some people don't want to use the play store they just prefer to use like free stores Android it's what does the local look like? does it look like that? what? because there's another ring that the local doesn't look like that and that's not one if it's got that logo alright if you don't find it I can find the ring somewhere I'm pretty sure yeah yeah since we're in beta we advertise it because otherwise we got always people saying alright it's crap alright thank you so yeah basically what does ring it does what you want it to do you can help us with the ongoing projects we already have or you can start your own with Raspberry Pi or something don't hesitate to share it with us we can do some blog posts we can advertise it if it's working or if it's something we didn't think about it's really for the community the only interest we have in doing that is publicity and making us known for good software if you have any ideas right now we can share them because I'm almost done here so start thinking about use cases on how you're gonna use ring this is just to sum up the different points so it's for everyone we want everyone to use ring we want to bypass proprietary software we want to stop using Skype for our daily basis communications and gout as well and gout it's ok it's google so don't be evil and stuff but still it's closed source you can improve and gout you can improve us so yeah for now we support voice video text messaging we got file transfer as well really soon we already got it working we need to integrate it in ring it's an encrypted peer-to-peer file file transfer feature so it can be very interesting for journalists that have sensible data or like whistleblowers from the NSA that wants to share stuff with us or with journalists it could be like a good solution for us to exchange data and information sorry ? yeah yeah actually it could happen the police didn't come to see us yet but it could happen yeah I mean my mom think I works for terrorists basically she told me alright so no one can listen to anything alright mom it's called privacy you can have it it's a government is not always nice I mean but she doesn't understand that quite really and yeah so where we're trying to bring ring to all devices we are missing the iOS app for now we are gonna try to work on it and publish it on the app store but we need to make sure it's gonna fit there because since we are free software we under the GPL free license and we need to make sure that it's gonna go through the app store basically it's copyrighty story we need to make sure that the copyright and there is some other Linux so we need to set up everything to push it to the app store actually sorry sorry yeah yeah yeah yeah we did we did yeah ok good but for iOS there is no internet stores we could use sorry but for Android yeah not for iOS no I'm not interested yeah but that's what I'm talking about yeah yeah yeah I'm not aware of the of the third one but we are already in two stores in the Play Store in Android as well but if you have other stores you can tell me about it after that and yeah sure what we need as well is help on the different project the really basic help is just try it out if you have bugs or because of your network or because you find something not working just we have a bug tracker and mailing list just say hello and tell us what is the issue also something that can really be interesting is translations we are using trans effects for translations it's a web service really really useful so we are registered on it we have already a lot of different languages I don't think we have Chinese or Vietnamese or anything so if you want to just go there it's really super easy and it will be a huge help for us to have a new set of language for all the platforms and everything we have if you have quick questions or you just want to talk with us we are in IRC on free node as well in the ring channel and on github even if my boss doesn't like github and it's only a mirror you can actually do pull request we don't use the issue system we have our own bug tracker so we don't use the github issue system but you can still contribute on github you will be it's pretty well updated and you will have all the info you need as well so and yeah oh yeah I think it's almost over guys yeah we basically are looking for experts in various technical fields like IPv6 because it's coming soon and we need to make sure that ring is working with that security improvements because we are doing it we are trying to do it right but who knows maybe we have some security issues it's open source so you can look at it and tell us that we are doing it wrong basically we are just asking for that so yeah that's it guys if you have questions I think we have some time for questions or if you want to try to install it and start exchanging messages question who installed it already alright cool everyone installed it who didn't install it the ios guys yeah ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok yeah ok ok ok ok ok ok oh yeah matrix yeah yeah Donc, si un nid n'est qu'une partie, le network pourrait être stable. Il y a aussi des problèmes de trust avec la matrice. Ce n'est pas vraiment sécurisé, je pense. Ici, c'est basically your RSA Keeper. You're exchanging. C'est assez sécurisé. Vous savez que quand vous vous contactez quelqu'un, vous vous contactez entièrement. C'est décrypté, et vraiment, vous vous rendez à cette personne. Personne ne peut avoir l'idée de la même ring. Excepte, peut-être, si vous bougez votre RSA Keeper. Mais après ça, vous devez changer votre idea de la même ring. Je pense que c'était une partie, c'était l'année dernière. Je n'étais pas sûr. Ok, parce que j'ai essayé ça un couple de mois, et je ne pouvais pas trouver comment faire ça. J'ai fait des messages textes, donc c'était en train de travailler. Mais après ça, je ne pouvais pas faire plus de travail. Je ne pouvais pas faire plus de travail. Et oui, ça utilise un protocole custom. C'est-à-dire que vous devez utiliser des textes comme ça. Pour nous, nous utilisons des messages sips. Vous pouvez utiliser des messages sips pour parler à une autre personne. Nous n'avons pas un protocole ring pour parler à quelqu'un d'autre. C'est pour ça que nous pouvons parler avec des polycoms, ou d'autres soft phones, comme JIT-C, ou d'autres tools d'application de communication. Oui, peut-être que ce que je peux faire maintenant, si d'autres de vous veulent être invités dans le projet, ou si vous voulez un mail dans la prochaine semaine, je vais vous donner ce tablette. Vous pouvez l'aider à ce client. L'adresse email, si vous voulez. Je vais juste l'interpréter sur le tablette, et je vais recevoir les mails ici. Et après ça, la prochaine semaine, je vais vous donner un mail sur comment contribuer. Je vais vous montrer la présentation que j'ai juste faite si vous voulez. Si vous voulez... Excusez-moi. Si vous voulez... Oui, je n'ai pas... Si je vais online... Oui, on veut... Il y a un table ring dans l'exhibition. N'y a-t-il quelqu'un d'autre dans l'exhibition? N'y a-t-il quelqu'un d'autre? Oui, mais si vous l'aurez à l'interpréter, peut-être que vous l'aurez à l'interpréter. Et deux, je dois vous répondre à l'interpréter. Si vous me donnez votre email, je peux juste faire un mail. Merci d'être venu me voir, et vous voyez la différence ici. Mais ce que je peux faire, pour vous, que vous avez, qu'est-ce que vous voulez dire par multi-use? Conference call. Oh, oui, conference call? Oui, sûr. C'est mon... ring ID, si vous voulez scanner sur votre téléphone Android. Il y a un feature sur le searchment, comme je l'ai utilisé pour l'interpréter. Il y a une personne qui m'a dit qu'elle a envoyé des messages, mais elle n'a pas répondu. Quoi? Vous avez mis en place... Non, je n'ai pas mis en place. Vous avez juste dit Alexandre Lision? Oui, nous n'avons pas le feature search, parce que nous avons mis en place un service pour avoir des résultats. C'est juste...