That I put up a poll on my Instagram a couple days ago with like four possible video ideas I had because I wanted to see what your interests were and this video I didn't think would win. I thought we'd get the least amount of votes but it won and I was like, hang on, hold up a second. So today we're going to be talking about the books that I really want to read that no one cares about. Clap if you care. Clap if you care. So these are some of the books that I'm most excited for like I'm really excited to read these books. These are all ones are like pretty high on my list but I've never like no one's ever spoken to me about them like I haven't really heard anyone speak about them on YouTube and I haven't really had any comments like when I've spoken about them in videos they're not the books people comment on so we're going to be chatting about those books today and going through them. Now I want to preface this video by saying I'm quite ill, I'm sick, I'm being dramatic because it's just a bad cold. I just have like a headache, a blocked nose or a throat, I feel very weak especially when I'm climbing the stairs at the moment and stuff like that, it's like I'm on a marathon. I keep doing COVID tests it's not that but I can already feel myself like getting out of breath. So I'm going to try and edit that out but this video will probably be shorter than it would have been otherwise. I'm probably going to make this quite a quick video because I do not think I'm going to be able to speak for an extended period of time. So let's just get into it. I've got eight books here that I have chosen and I'm very excited to chat about all of them. So the first one we have, I think this is actually, this was supposed to go in the last book or I did but I don't think I actually, I think I forgot to mention it or did I? My brain isn't 100% at the races today, I'm not sure but it is Harlott's Horses and Hackabots by Kate Lister so this is obviously like, it's quite fancy, it's quite a fancy non-fiction you know like almost academic looking. I said it because I was letting you know what time it was. And what time it was? What time it was is that I'm going to bear with you. But this is basically a history of sex for sale and I actually picked this up with Tom on my birthday. We'd been around the shops and we'd already been in Waterstones once and I was like let's go back to Waterstones and he was like yeah I'll get you a book. When I went to my birthday and when I'm in a bookshop like that I really like to get something I probably never would have picked up otherwise or I've never really heard about but like I like to browse and pick something in the moment. Do you know what I mean? I think it's really fun to do that sometimes and I found this and it's basically just like an academic kind of book on the history of sex for sale going back into like ancient, ancient times all throughout history. It has a lot of pictures throughout the book and I just think that the history of sex work is something that really, really interests me. I think that breaking down the stigma around it and seeing how the attitudes surrounding it have shifted throughout history is something that really interests me. I'm generally just interested in women's history. I find like women's place in history and like we'll see a bit more of this actually. I don't really like men. I like learning about women's history because history is so masculine. Women. So yeah my favourite kind of history to learn about is anything that concerns women and so yeah when I saw this I just thought oh yeah I need to get this because I have a book idea that I've wanted to write for ages that is YA. I think this could inform some of my research for that but also just to learn more. I think it's fascinating like going back to Victorian times. Like I think there's so much to learn and it looks really, really well done. Oh I shouldn't show that picture. I don't think it'll actually take me that long to read because in terms of page count it's only 240 pages and there's a lot of pictures. So I think although it looks really intimidating like you know this looks scary I don't think it'll actually take me that long to read. Then we have a fiction book that I actually just received. I haven't even put this in a book haul yet but it is Until the Last of Me by Sylvain Nouvelle. So where is she? Here the publisher very kindly sent me this as did they send me the first one a history of what comes next. Now this was like it's a bit of a strange book so I didn't get the best reviews and I just feel like no one's really interested in this but I really am. Like this is one of my most anticipated releases of this year. I was hoping it would be a geology so that I could finish the series but it turns out it's going to be a trilogy which you know whatever will take it. Me whenever series get extended. You all right? Just need a bit of space I think that's okay. We're basically following it's really hard to explain that's boring I think but like the girl and her mother and them trying to influence historical events that obviously it's present for them but like trying to influence what we now see as historical events just suit their aims. Like in world war two and then in the space race we see them in like historical events with like real historical figures trying to influence what's happening. It's very very interesting. I really want to finish also the sleeping giant series but I feel like that's a bit more popular than this series. I feel like no one cares but I'm really excited for it. Like no I haven't had anyone speaking about this and this coming out because I feel like a lot of people read the first one and were like no but I really liked it so I'm very very excited that this has come out and hopefully I'm gonna read it soon. Then we have another non-fiction. We actually have a lot of non-fiction on this list. So then we have the Adventures of Maud West Lady Detective. So this is about a real woman called Maud West who opened a female detective agency in 1905. So a lot of my favorite periods of British history that I really love to learn about is kind of Victorians and Edwardians. I really like that time in history because a lot was changing and I just think it's a very like evocative time in history especially also I like to read fiction set in that time.  I'm an acquired taste you don't like me acquire some taste. This is set obviously in Edwardian times and yeah it's kind of the true story of her life and how she like she worked a lot in like society like you know figuring stuff out and I just think it's so interesting to learn about this woman who was so rare at the time you know a lady detective was pretty much unknown at the time and I would just love to learn about her life. Also like I said with my book idea I need to like get writing I read it I've been saying that for like years but I think this could inform it as well as elements of this that I would like to inform that so I'm very very excited to read it. Then we have The Disassembly of Dorian Durand by Ryan Collett so this sounds very interesting it's another one that was said to be by the publisher I'm actually going to be reading this soon which is very exciting but this I think has like I looked on Goodreads I don't think has how many reviews does it have like not a lot like here I am here we are yes. No one's read this no one's speaking about it but I want to. So basically Dorian Durand witnesses a horrific accident from her window the officer wants to know what she saw Dorian doesn't want to tell him or anyone and she like runs away like this like I think it's like a cat and mouse game and this officer trying to chase her to find out what she saw she's like no I'd rather just not I would rather like not speak about it can we not? Can we not? I was just really interested in this when it was sold to me and then I kind of like put off reading it because no one has been speaking about it but now I'm just like okay let's read it let's read it and find out it like does it deserve to be spoken about or is it like forgotten for a reason that's very harsh but it's true. Then we have one of the oldest books on my TBR arguably I can't believe I haven't read this yet I've had it for so long but it is Haven't You Heard? Gossip of Power and How Politics Really Works by Marie Laconte this is like none of you will care about this this is what I'm saying none of you care this is why I don't read it.  This is basically about British politics and kind of like all the behind the scenes journalism and politician relationships that happen in the UK. I used to want to be a political journalist that was kind of like I would say when I got this that was still my career aim it no longer is because I learned about that world and I said I would rather not but I'm still very interested in reading this I heard a lot of good things about it again it's quite short it's like 270 pages but very much just going into the way that politics works behind the scenes in the UK again like literally none of you care do you see what I mean none of you care about that but I'm very interested in it but none of you care like what's the point in this video none of you care. Then we have Snow White Learns Richcroft by Theodore Goss my queen evidently strange case the alchemist daughter Theodore Goss has lots of other like short story collections and she's contributed to a lot of short story collections and she has some of her own this is one of her own. It's like lots of strange short stories from my understanding. Oh yeah eight short stories and 24 poems and it kind of like recenters women and is like feminist narratives of old fairy tales and stuff like that hence Snow White Learns Richcroft but I feel like the cover puts a lot of people off like let's be honest here it is it's an experience it's an experience. So rude so nasty and so rude. She is she's it's a moment it's like a novel so I feel like a lot of people aren't interested in it but I am very excited to read everything Theodore Goss has written one day I want to read all of her short story collections and also she has two I'll put the pictures in I can't remember their names one is already out and one is coming out soon but there's two collections that she's contributed to and I think she won a Maguire's in them both and I'm very excited for both of those as well but this one has been on my tbr now for a long time and I feel like I need to get to it ASAP. Then we have what I view as one of my favorite non-fiction series but I've only read one of them and it's the Forgotten Women series this is the writers I also own the other two which are the scientists and the artists I have read the leaders I love these these only have like 90 reviews some of them on the Goodreads but it's I've sold this too many times but I feel like no one cares. It's short biographies of lots of Forgotten Women throughout history with absolutely gorgeous illustrations and I just need to get around to reading them. I put them off because I feel like again they're not like major books that a lot of people care about but I really love Forgotten Women the leaders and I just love like I love Forgotten Women throughout history I just absolutely love it I think these have gorgeous illustrations as well. I just love learning about women I can't describe why but I just think women's history is so interesting and has so long not been told and so that is like the common thing without all of the non-fiction apart from the political one on this list and I think these these books do a great job of being very inclusive across like race, gender like there's been a few transgender women in these books country, time period it really covers every kind of span you could want it to and so yeah I really need to read the rest in this series but I want to space them out I don't want to read them all together like I am doing with some series I do want to space these out throughout maybe the next year if that's realistic I mean I haven't read them I've only read them for that long yes I wish there was more of these I think they're so interesting I think they definitely deserve more hype because like barely anyone has read them and then lastly we have a book I have not spoken about in a very very long time but I'm still very excited to read and that is No Surrender by Constance Mord so this is a Persephone Books edition it's this gorgeous bookshop it used to be in London it was when I went went there and got this I believe it's now in Bath but it's this gorgeous bookshop it was one of my favorite ones that I visited in London I'm sad it's so longer there that champions forgotten women's literature so basically they republish women's books from a long time ago that had gone out of print so this was published in 1911 and it was republished in 2011 and 2017 by Persephone Books and this one is about suffragettes basically it's like a suffragette fiction book of I believe like one suffragette in prison and like doing like hunger strikes and stuff like that and not surrendering and I really want to read my Persephone Books I have to and I would love to because I just I think these are very like gorgeous in their own way I'd love to have a collection of them one day but I actually have to start reading them before I can justify having a collection because otherwise that can't happen that can't run I have to actually read them so I'm hoping to actually get to this this year I owned it for a really long time now I think I bought it at the end of 2019 so like it's been a long time it's time for me to finally read it but again it is one of those books I put off because I don't think people care but now I guess this video is me saying I'm gonna read whatever the fuck I want so there we have it that is the books that I really want to read that nobody cares about I hope you enjoyed this video apologies it was much shorter probably than usual if you don't like that I'm sorry but like I can't breathe um if you've gotten to the end comment the apple emoji because the snow white learns rich craft I can't even talk anymore comment the apple emoji down below if you've gone to the end thank you guys so much for watching um I love you very much and I'll see you very soon in another video bye


Okay, so if not, we will go ahead and start our next topic. So today we will start studying about Mossberg spectroscopy. But before starting Mossberg spectroscopy, we will go a little bit on the spectroscopy in general. We try to learn a little bit about spectroscopy in general that what is spectroscopy because we actually use this term so commonly. So let's take a look into a little bit more details. So when we do spectroscopy, we actually measure at least two parameters. One of the parameters is the intensity and one of the parameters is energy. And generally we see a signal like this and this particular signal actually give you information about two important parts. First is that what is the maximum point that you are getting this signal, which particular point it corresponds to the y-axis and which particular point it corresponds to the x-axis. And this two system where it is dissecting the x and y-axis, this actually give you two important information. First the intensity. The intensity give you an idea about how much of a system is a present. So it is, can be written as quantitative. So you can have a quantitative measurement of that system. For an example, you are looking into an optical spectroscopy, you are looking into a particular optical absorbance, say in two pi-star absorbance of MIT. If you know that you have a one molar concentration versus a 10 molar concentration, if you record what will be the difference, the 10 molar concentration will have 10 times more absorbance compared to the one molar concentration. And that will define with respect to the intensity. The bands will probably look the same, but the intensity will differ. So the intensity give you the idea how much of that particular system is present there. So it is quantitative. On the other hand, where do you cross the x-axis, the energy axis? That is giving you an idea what is that particular transition is, which is connected to what is your sample. So that is known as the qualitative measurement, you can say. For an example, if you take a amide bond based protein versus a polyethylene glycol polymer, and if you record the optical spectroscopy with the same concentration, the first thing you will see the bands are not in the same position with respect to the energy axis. So that is from there you can say that this is actually pi to pi star transition happen at 195, 222 nanometer or 300 nanometer. So all these particular terms you say with respect to the wavelength, we are actually saying with respect to the energy. And from there we can qualitatively say exactly what is present on it. Now when we say about intensity and energy, there are different ways to represent it. So you can do a simple optical spectroscopy. In optical spectroscopy, what is the generally or typically used y-axis, absorbance and the generally used x-axis is the wavelength. So in the absorbance, it is actually giving an idea about the intensity. So it is in lieu of intensity we write absorbance, but it is actually defining the same thing as intensity. Whereas on the other side, the wavelength, it is actually giving an idea about the energy. How? Because we know energy can be written as hc by lambda. So this is the lambda, this is the energy they are connected. So this wavelength over here that we have drawn, it is not anything, but it is a representative of the energy. Obviously they run in the opposite side. So higher the wavelength you go, you are actually lowering the energy. On the other hand side, if you go lower in the wavelength, it is going to the higher energy. And over there, if you see some absorbance bands, so you can say like what is the absorbance over there, from there you can quantify how much the sample is there. And from this particular bands, you can say about the wavelength or energy and what is that particular sample. So that is what happens in optical spectroscopy. On the other hand, the other way you can do that for an example, if TIR or IR spectroscopy. In that case, instead of an absorbance, we take something called transmittance, percentage of transmittance. Like how much of the electromagnetic radiation you have given to the sample, how much it is passing through. So it runs from close to 0 to 100. So if it is 100 percent transmitting, that means nothing is absorbing. So 100 percent transmittance is equivalent to zero absorbance. And if you are having a huge absorbance, that will be giving you a low transmittance value. So a transmittance value over here is written, but it is now actually giving you an idea how much is the intensity of a particular band. Higher is the transmittance, higher is the intensity. On the other hand, when we look into a FTIR, you can see the X axis is something called a wave number. That's omega centimeter inverse. So if this is also again actually a definition with this, it is connected to the energy, hc omega cross. So this is nothing but opposite to the wavelength. So now higher is the wave number, higher is the energy, lower is the energy. So that is how this IR spectroscopy is given. Now if you take a look into any other spectroscopy, that you have come forward in your life, you will always find there are two axes. One is the intensity, one is the energy. Intensity gives you an idea like how much of a sample is this, qualitative. Quantitative and energy is given by the X axis. It gives you like the qualitative data, what exactly, what are the different kind of samples you have in your system. So that is how the different spectroscopy has been done. Now one thing is also very important in all the spectroscopy, exactly what I am changing. So it is quite straightforward that I am giving an energy from the respect to the electromagnetic radiation that is changing something in the molecule and that is why I am getting a signal. And that signal I represent with respect to intensity versus energy, that is fine. Now the question is from where this particular change is happening. So spectroscopy, one of the most important part is change in energy states. Because unless you change the energy state, you won't see any signal. So what are the different energy states are happening? So I am going to give you a few examples, what are the different energy states are changing and then we will pass it to the mass spectroscopy. First one, I am going to talk you about the NMR spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance. So nuclear magnetic resonance, what are the things I am changing? So over here the state I am mostly interested in is nuclear magnetic state. So first is a nuclear state, but this term magnetic is also there. So what that means that I have a state, so this line I am drawing by that I am showing you with respect to the energy value at one particular point where the molecule is and over there I am writing say it is i, i is representing its nuclear magnetic state and say this i value is half. Now this i value is half over here unless you put a magnetic field there is no other electronic state, sorry the nuclear magnetic state or nuclear state is interacting with that at this point. It is only one state, i equal to half. But once you put a magnetic field over here then you see a change in the energy of the state and this state can now present in two different states and say one is in i equal to plus half, one is i equal to minus half. So what is this plus half and minus half? I am coming into a little bit later but what happens over there in presence of the magnetic field these two states actually comes on from this original i equal to half state and this happens only in the presence of the magnetic field. So we generally write this m and put the i as the subscript. So it gives us in presence of the magnetic field only these states can be deeper. And over there you can give an electromagnetic radiation and then this i equal to plus half state can be transformed into i equal to minus half state and you see a resonance, you see a signal. Now the question is that what is that electromagnetic radiation I should use that will depend what is the energy gap over here and that depends on the applied magnetic field. In NMR, in NMR typically this electromagnetic radiation we are using it happens to be in the radio frequency and radio frequency is one of the most weakest electromagnetic radiation you can come up. So it is a very weak electromagnetic radiation that means this energy gap over here is actually not that split up it is very close to each other. Now the question is what this plus half and minus half mean to come. So generally what we studied that plus half and minus half means the nuclear spin state can orient in two different ways one along with the axis one against the axis if it is along with the axis it is plus half if it is against the axis it is minus half. But the question comes what is this plus half and minus half like why where these numbers are coming from. So if you understand if you want to understand that you have to look into exactly what happens to this nuclear spin state when a magnetic field comes over there. So in the beginning what happens you have a nuclear spin present over here which can be present in any particular direction it can be in any particular direction it can be present in three-dimensional it can be present in any particular direction because there is no one to influence it. Now once you put the magnetic field you are perturbing the system. So the previously the nuclear spin state the i is equal to half state it is actually stable in any particular direction with respect to the surrounding of it that means whatever the Hamiltonian is. But once you put this magnetic field now you are perturbing the overall Hamiltonian you are including or introducing something new with respect to that now you change the full scenario now you have a different Hamiltonian and a different Hamiltonian and with respect to that you can find this particular spin state which was previously can orient in different ways now it can orient in the following way. The first way is it goes towards the top side with respect to the magnetic field and not only that it present but it also start rotating around it making this kind of cone shape so you can imagine so it is actually rotating around and this kind of motion is known as a precession motion. So this particular nuclear spin start precessing around why it is happening because it is a spin state i equal to half which is a non-zero value that means it has a non-zero value and that is why it actually originally have some magnetic field present in there in this nuclear spin state and this magnetic field in the influence of the external magnetic field started interacting with it there actually you can imagine there you are putting two different magnets one strong one this external one and one is a weak one the nuclear spin one and the weak one is actually controlled by the presence of the magnet strong one and it start precessing around the system okay now when it start precessing what is the angular momentum because it is actually having a motion so obviously it is going to have some angular momentum the angular momentum is fine as following i into i plus one h by 2 that is the angular momentum of this system and it has been also found that it is not only it can stay upside it can also have a motion with a downward direction and this also can precess creating a another very similar looking cone but upside down and over here what is the angular momentum the same root over i into i plus one into h by 2 that is the angular momentum of the system now where is this plus of and minus of coming now over there when is cones are prepared or cones are actually formatted or generated we try to find out with respect to the magnetic field it is always going to be the different amount of motion is actually generated however the overall precessional motion that is going to be same but at which particular direction it is moving that is also going to be same up and down but how much it is actually moving that can be differ with respect to the magnetic field because that is going to differ what is the energy difference between these two states so to describe it much more easier way because i don't want to use this kind of a huge expression in my energy root over i into i plus one into h cross by 2 that is very tough to use so with respect to that what we want to use is that this is making a motion on the top side or downside that is fine but how much it is actually creating a projection on the original external magnetic field so it is creating actually a projection on this external magnetic field and we try to figure it out what is the value of this projection and what has been found this value is nothing but half into h by 2 pi this is also half into h by 2 pi so from there this term half actually comes now you can question like where why it is particular this term half that is a quantum mechanical phenomena that is coming because of this nucleus pin of half if it is 3 by 2 you can get different orientation starting from 3 half half all together and now if it is along with the axis we say to differentiate these two halves we say this is the plus of system and this one against the magnetic field direction we say it is the minus of system so that is how this plus of and minus of terms comes because it is along with the axis we say it can be found easily because it is along with the axis the magnetic field are not against each other the external and the small magnetic field you have in this molecule so that is why this is the ground state and this one actually moving against the tide or the external magnetic field so that is why it is the excited state minus so that is how this term plus of and minus of actually originate so with respect to that the same system happens even with all the different orbital quantum number that we have defined like plus 3 plus 2 plus 1 all those things we define all those things actually come for the similar way okay now in that NMR if we go a little bit further NMR the energy gap between the nuclear state of say half how much it is going to differ i equal to minus half and i equal to plus half and i like am i to ensure that it is in place of the magnetic field so how much will be the energy gap that delta e what are the things will be dependent on first thing is obviously the external magnetic field and the second thing comes is that nuclear itself so this nuclei has a magnetic moment right the magnetic moment obviously it is connected with this quantum number half but it doesn't show up the actual magnetic moment that can be different and this magnetic moment can differ for different nuclei although they may have same spins nuclear spin state so for an example i'm taking a few nuclei right you have probably already encountered in your life so these four nuclei proton 13c 19f 31 all of them the thing common is they're all the most commonly found isotopes nuclear spin state is half so all of them is going to split in plus half and minus half now if i put a similar amount of external magnetic field does it mean that all of them will split up with the same energy gap if it is then the NMR will not work because all of them are going to pieces at the similar region they're going to give you the same bands thankfully they are not that is because their magnetic moment the nuclear magnetic moment which is a property of the nuclei itself that means it is a property of this particular each of the isotope itself that is actually different and if i put that in the term of e h by 4 by mc that is the unit which can be taken as the nuclear pore magneton unit forget about that actual term but the values you can see 7927 for proton for 13c it is 0.7022 for 19f it is 2.6273 for 31p it is 1.1305 so the rest of this is same that is i equal to half but this magnetic moment is different and depending on this magnetic moment this energy gap will be different and they are going to follow the same ratio they have and that is why if i use the same magnetic field of one particular magnetic field say i am using 1.5 tesla or something like that one particular common magnetic field what is going to differ is that energy gap that will be differ for each of them and this delta energy gap we can differ or define with respect to a electromagnetic radiation and as we have discussed earlier this is nothing but a radio frequency so for each of them i can write a radio frequency at which they will be doing this change they will attend the resonating condition and that happens if i take it as a 500 megahertz that means 500 into 10 to the power 6 hours or per second unit for proton that will not work for 13c because they have different magnetic moment so where what it will work the same ratio of this so find out what is the ratio of this with respect to that the same ratio will work for 13c and that is 126 megahertz similarly for 19f it is 470 megahertz 19f and proton pretty close but not exactly same and 31p it is 202 megahertz so that is how the nmr actually works you actually give a a electromagnetic radiation in the form of radio frequency so whenever we talk we have a 500 megahertz nmr machine we are talking about the radio frequency that we require to achieve the resonating condition over here and when you say 500 megahertz we actually talking about the proton nmr so what proton in this particular fields generally it is 1.6 to 2 tesla energy gap and that particular external magnetic field if you apply you need 500 megahertz of radio frequency to make sure the resonating condition is met if you want to do the 13c in the same experiment same instrument what you need to do you have to change the radio frequency you have to change it to 126 so that it can occur and similar and so forth that is how it actually want what in the nmr so again it is very important why i'm talking about this nmr so much it will be clear in a few minutes but first and more important thing over here what i'm changing is the nuclear spin state i already have a nuclear state it has a non-zero value only if you have a non-zero value you can split it up if you have a i equal to zero value you cannot split up so you are not going to see any nmr for an example 2 of c you don't see an nmr however if you have a non-zero value and generally i equal to half is a simple one because you have only two different spin state possible plus up and minus up if it is a one state i equal to one you can have two three states plus one zero minus one so you can precess in three different directions and you can have three different projection on the external magnetic field what we are talking about so this is what is actually happening over here so we are only seeing the difference in presence of magnetic field now what happens if we do the same experiment with electronic spin you can also do that same system with electronic spin you can have a spin state of half of one unfair electron in the presence of a magnetic field you can split it up it can go to s equal to now minus half is the ground state and plus half is the excited state why it is different with respect to nucleus because they have the different charges opposite charges so due to that their signature changes plus to minus the rest of the things remain same and this is the energy gap you have it is also again depends on what is the magnetic field you are using and also two important parameters which define the condition of the electron in the molecule which is term as a g term and a beta term beta is nothing but e equal to 4 by mc for electron i'm not going to the details of it but over here the magnetic field is important and the g value defines how the electron is behaving in the molecule okay if it the electron is free not interacting with anything else the g value is around 2.0023 it should have been 2 but it's a little bit higher because of the relativistic efforts anyway so over here again the electron spin if you put it around the external magnetic field can orient in two different ways and precess and create two different orientations one is with the system minus half one is against the system plus half and again if you take the projection of it you'll find it is half into h by 2. Whereas what is the overall angular momentum root over s into s plus 1 h by 2 that is same for both of them but their projection is half into h by 2 okay and once we say plus up because of this directionality on its minus up because it is against the magnetic field so that is also happened for electron spin and we call them the ESR electron spin resonance or EPR electron parametric resonance and over there this energy gap a little bit different because the magnetic field generated by the electron is not exactly same as the nucleus so this g value this beta value is different over there the electron has a much more smaller mass so this value is much more higher and with respect to that this energy gap is falls in a totally different region now if you want to excite it hit with a electromagnetic radiation this electromagnetic radiation falls now in the range of microwave previously the NMR was in radio frequency but EPR falls in the


How's it going everyone Caleb here with late in sports cards next tonight? We've got 2021 22 panini impeccable basketball Full case break here number 47 pick your team style I've got Alex T with the Nuggets Bojaya B Clippers and Hawks CWM with the Rockets Clarence L Magic Harper B with the Hornets the Mavs and the Grizzlies Hermes M with the Jazz Jonathan D Spurs Kenneth G Heats and Sixers Kira corn I with the Wizards got Long J Nix Luke K Bulls Mark S Lakers Mark S a Lakers mark si with the Pistons and Thunder Matthew X Timberwolves Michael B Raptors Oriole C Suns and the Blazers Got Raquel B with the Cavs Robert S Bucks and Pelicans Ryan G Kings Tim C Pacers Tyler B Nets Wayne as Celtics in Werman M with the Warriors. That's to luck everyone. Thank you so much again for joining. Let's get right to it I can't believe it either Mike. I can't believe I actually got to touch that card pull it out of the pack That's unreal man You took a took an hour there Mike to kind of gather yourself a little bit Mike's been hyperventilating. Yeah, I don't really blame you Congrats man. That's how it's done. O'Neill Cruz fielded a ground ball through to first base at 96 miles an hour Oh, wow. Get him on the mound. They said clocked in at the fastest any infielders drawn this year Wow, it's been in the majors for an hour. No way. That's right. It's a statement. You forgot about that Top comment on Twitter someone goes and the Pirates are washable again Just pack out of here quick empty. Let's do the silver card your first the metal card Good luck 2449 LeBron James There you go. Nice start to the break Congrats Lakers Congrats again Mike that thing is a beauty Just an absolute beauty Okay, here we go best of luck everyone. Thanks again for joining. You got a Kevin Durant base there. That's the 75 and Tyrese maxi to 35 Also got to 99 Russell Westbrook Who interesting Mike Elton brand this time patch autograph 9 of 25 76ers Elton brand for you there 9 of 25 patch autograph Next up here Rockets whose man Garuba 10 of 99 rookie autograph Rockets we've got for the Wizards Corey Kispert 16 of 25 rookie impressions autograph You go Wizards 16 of 25 there next up is Akeem Elijah on for the Rockets five of 49 impeccable selections autograph You go Rockets And we've got a redemption on the back. Good luck Redemption is the big.  I'll check that out quick. Yeah, that could be a couple of things here impeccable basketball I Saw that Mike. I just don't want to get too excited because he's got a lot of pitches. I think he's 93 through 6 is what I saw Not use this one. Let's do cardboard connection Oscar Should be box. Let's make sure It's box all the way around impeccable signature selection impeccable stars autograph. That's what we need Peppable stars autograph. It is a Cincinnati Royals card. Where did the Royals go to? Cincinnati Royals Yes, that turned into the Kings. This is a Kings auto. Wow. They really give us a couple of steps there Kings hold It's like a breaker trivia card Yeah, Kings Karim Abdul-Jabbar was a box. Yeah That's crazy. Next box guys. Good luck another metal card. So we do have the bar card in the last box Yep, Kings Kings. Thanks, Rich Here we go metal card this time is 52 of 99 Ja Marantz Go Chris Lee's Ja stainless stars Next one up. So his base stuff in the product is box looks like his auto stuff is not To base that is to 35 Zion pelicans And Jimmy Butler there to 75 heats No, Rich, I don't you know where the buffalo braids go before you spoils it My guess is the clippers. I think I don't know 1099 giddy Josh giddy there Before my time rich spoil it It is clippers. Wow Sam's onto it Marky Geary that time that is to 10 impeccable victory autograph there number to 10. There you go Dallas Mavericks 10 Next up here thunder Jeremiah Robinson Earl to 99 impressions autograph rookie autograph that is They're also the San Diego clippers for Yeah, much before my time rich where the Kentucky car. Let's go Joe continue got a Quinton Grimes It's gonna be a stainless stars autograph New York Knicks there Yolton 99 redemption is Grant Hill impeccable victory signatures Grant Hill, I'll double check it. Hold on Grant Hill Impeccable victory signatures Pistons, that's what I thought you go Pistons Pistons Grant Hill Hold one of those the last time to you and 7 of 35 impeccable victory autograph Larry Bird There you go Nice one there that is Celtics so with Colonel's card there were no they weren't an NBA team only ABA so you only do yeah, it makes sense majority Gotcha, gotcha. Nice one there on the Larry legend. Congrats. They're beautiful on card autographs 7 of 35 Last box we got the bar card hiding in here They're out of prison football. We do not have a bar card in the case Good thing riches in the chat. This has happened to us In the past as well, I do know in the past what had happened was rich did reach out to Penini Penini did send us a bar card It did take a couple of weeks to come in the mail What happened was once that card arrived from Penini. We did open that on camera and then it went out to the respective owner here for group break number 47 and I assume that's exactly what will happen this time as well So this is gonna be another metal card No bar card in the case. I will message rich as well 17 of 30 Devin Booker Yeah, no bar rich Unless it's in the pack here, which I highly doubt Guess we'll give it a chance, but yeah, we are missing one So then it will be Opened on camera. I would assume like I said and then we will get that out to the respective owner At a 49 Zion to 75 Devin Booker. Yeah, I will rich That's Jalen Brown there to 99 Celtics. No problem redemption Is Keon Johnson stainless stars autos? He was traded during the season. So once again gonna make sure of his team Easy to check Rookie autographs in the stars auto stay in the stars auto Keon Johnson is clippers. Yeah, so I thought as well always good double check You go clippers nice one here one of just five Hatch autograph Anthony Davis boom There you go. Very very nice ad Congratulations Lakers We'll get that magged up for you beautiful elegance auto patch autograph there We've got Pacers to 99 Chris Duarte Pacers to 99 next up here Grizzlies Autograph here to 49 Jaren Jackson jr. Go Grizzlies 49 last card out of the case Is it because you back to 99 on the auto? 81 of 99 clippers on the auto there do a quick recap of the hits guys. Thanks again for joining I do appreciate it. Like I said that bar card will Be done in a separate video for everyone here in number 47 once it does arrive from Penini autos Zubac Jaren Jackson jr. Chris Duarte Keon Johnson redemption Grant Hill redemption Quinton Grimes Jeremiah Robinson Earl We got Mark Aguirre the key Elijah on Oscar Robertson Corey Kisbert whose man Garuba Elton Brands and the autos here that are magged Larry legends Larry bird and Anthony Davis stuff five Miguel patch autograph. Thanks again so much everyone for joining. Appreciate it. We'll be on the prism next


Welcome to this session, where we are going to discuss what are the responses of the funds for the sustainability or how initially they have responded to this sustainability. So, in the last session, we are trying to see what are the drivers, what are the factors, whatever the changes which make sustainability imperative or which make sustainability important from the business point of view. Now, if you remember the last discussion what we are having, we are mostly focusing on four clusters and because of those four clusters, typically the sustainability looks important or sustainability is important and summarize that further. In this slide, we are looking at what are the driver and what are the facilitators for this change. So, mostly this is being summarized as three big trends. One, there is declining resources that we have already established through environmental issues, through the resource depletion, resource degradation and also through the concept of limit. Then second, radical transparency and why there is radical transparency because the civil society there is a power of the civil society, power of the numbers, those who are actively involved were actively engaged in this issue. Second, the magic of low cost communication. So, here if you look at at some point of time we have to, we have to book a truncle to make a call to the other city or the other town. Now, everything is just at the fingertips and also there are different modes to connect with the others. So, somehow this communication has become very low, when we discuss this as a cost perspective, this has become very low cost communication. Third, there is a culture of connectivity and because of these three reasons, this transparency has become very radical, the change in the transparency has become very radical. Then there is an increasing expectation of the stakeholder, this also we are discussing when we are discussing about that why sustainability is important or why sustainability is imperative. So, there is an increasing expectation the investors calling customers rising, regulator acting, employee engaging. Now, what is important over here is that all these drivers whatever making these changes whether the businesses or in specific sense the firm or the company whether they consider this as a threat or whether they consider this as a opportunity that we will check based on their responses. Now, how company typically they respond to environmental concern. So, this has been given by Levi and Matthew in 1996. Interestingly, if you look at few of the company, few of the firms, the way they respond to the environmental concern is through actions such as publishing an environmental report. So, in they do a Earth Day celebration, they do the internal recycling activity and they publish this as a part of their environmental action. Some of the company what they do is that they endorse the proclamation which talks which is having the environmental concern like which meant it there are some proclamation which meant it that company sell product that minimize the adverse environmental impact. And few of the company or many of the company they endorse the business character of the sustainable development. And what is this business character which entered the companies to modify their operation to prevent serious or the irreversible environmental degradation. So, mostly if you look at here these 3 points there are no clarity what are the action being taken to raise the real action those have been taken to respond to the environmental concern. But these are few of the examples what how the company they have responded to the environmental concern. Now, the second point what is more important for the company is that suppose they respond to the environmental concern. How much profit they are going to get out of this or what is the benefit they are going to get out of this. And when few questions were asked to the company that if you are integrating the sustainability into the product how much you are willing to raise your product cost. And the response is that the willingness to raise the product cost is very insignificant because they do not want to take a risk by increasing the product cost because they have in they have they have responded to the sustainability concern. And companies will take measure to reduce pollution as long as they do not have do not involve much effort or cost. So, one way they do not want to raise the product cost because they feel that this is part of the risk associated with this. And second also they will take a measure to reduce the pollution if it is not involving additional effort or additional cost. Then the firm would engage in environmental friendly behavior if they perceive that such behavior would lead to favorably publicity with the potential or higher market share. So, if I summarize all these three points the company's willingness to take sustainability initiatives or to reduce pollution as long as they do not have to increase the product cost significantly as long as that is not giving them a incurring they may cost or additional effort or as long as whatever actions or whatever the effort they are taking this that should give us them some financial benefit or some intangible benefit in the form of the potential let us say reputation or potential market share. Now, possibly this is one part of it, but over a period of time you will say that there is a changing role of corporation. So, we have talked about changing role of the market system, we have talked about how there is a increasing role of the stakeholders, but also there is a changing role of corporation with respect to this sustainability agenda. And what is the changing role this there is a transition from push from the government to undertake the sustainability initiative through the product in their company. Now, company itself saying that this is important for them and they should respond to this. The executives, the firms, the company they respond to the climate change and sustainability and they feel that this is part of their top priority agenda. And why they consider this as a top priority agenda? Because there is an increase in the footprint, valuation, there is a valuation of the clean technology company or there is a valuation of the clean technology in the market, media attention is very high and there is a active engagement from the political and pressure group. So, here there is a importance of the impact what the companies they are doing, there is a valuation if they are doing something good, there is a media attention and there is also engagement from the political and pressure group and that is the reason this becomes as a part of their top priority agenda for the corporation. And the role has changed rather than the regulator or the government pushing them that this is what important and this is what you should pursue the company on their own they feel that this is important. Now, why should they act to be very possibly to be the very first answer to this is that there should be some benefit either tangible or intangible. So, for gaining positive publicity then mitigation of the some of the financial risk what climate change poses to their business and there is a fact which is given by the city group report that minimizing temperature rise would minimize the global GDP loss to the tune of 15 trillion dollar in the coming decade. So, if you are putting something for reducing this that is also reducing our loss associated with this changes and that is shaping the entire the what we are saying the low carbon economy and low carbon is economy is nothing but when we are making a transition from the unsustainable to the sustainable economy. And what is shaping the low carbon economy because we feel that there is a lowering we need to lower the risk there is a protection against price rise and by doing this will be able to say million and boosting brand that is exist in the market. Now, how the perception of risk are being taken by the company or being taken by the firms. Whatever the risk posed by the changes around those are all well documented there are evidence to view, but you will find that this is being well documented that what kind of risk are going to be there for the business. So, there are different group of firms different group of company they respond differently to this. Few they are willing to keep aside the risk for the short term profit. They feel that yes even if there is there are risk associated with this, but at this point the agenda is there are some short term profit. So, possibly after gaining this short term profit I will see what are the risk associated with this. So, there are a group of firms which who feels that for the time being it is easy to keep the risk aside and look for the short term profit. But there are also a bigger group of firms who recognize that there is a considerable risk to their bottom line. They recognize and understand whatever the first hand threat of the disruption mostly the physical risk that climate change will cause to the supply chain market and operations. So, even a few firms they feel or many firms they feel that yes for the short term profit let us ignore the risk associated with that, but there are also significant group of firm significant group of company if you will find through their communication through their action they recognize that there is a considerable risk associated with the bottom line. And mostly in term of the physical risk what the disruption is there is a threat of disruption which will affect their supply chain market and operations. And lastly there are because of all these changes there is also going to be change in the regulation and this regulatory changes that could impact the bottom line. So, one there is a physical risk, second there are regulatory challenge those are going to affect the bottom line of the businesses or bottom line of the firms. And based on that these are the factors which will lead that lead to the fact that why they should respond or why there should be action associated with this. First is the internal factor that we are discussing in the previous case also supply chain disruption, company culture and are the most important issue which needs the adaptation. External factor like extreme weather event, rising temperature, rising sea level apart from other external factor which comes from the other stakeholders. And regulatory changes together with stakeholder and shareholder pressure will have bearing on the private sector engagement. And as company look to incorporate climate change in their day to day business. So, mostly all the factor which leads to these changes leads to these responses lead to these actions either they are internal or they are external. So, external mostly we look at the events which we do not have the control over it and also the stakeholder and the shareholder pressure. Now it is not all about risk, the entire crux of the thing is that whatever the risk over there when we are taking a response to this or when we are taking an action to this, this can be converted into opportunity. And if you look at this is being reported that the value of the low carbon economy that was in 2011-12 is 5.5 trillion dollar. And at that point of time it is growing over 3 percent clip every year. So, look at what would be the size of the low carbon economy. And so, it is not only going to be free, it is not going to be incurred cost to the company. But over a period of time all this risk whenever being addressed properly this is leading to the opportunity. Now few more facts that how this can be converted into opportunity. Making the energy greener could increase the global GDP by 98 trillion US dollar by 2050. So, thus look at the size of the increase in GDP if you are just mean if you are just transiting from the current source of energy to the greener energy. Now boosting the investment in the renewable energy will increase the job to 42 million globally in next 30 years creating the employment opportunity with the healthcare saving 8 times and the cost of investment. 6 million job could be created by embracing the circular economy where huge goods are reused, recycled and upcycled at a greater value. And 1.2 million jobs that is 40 percent jobs on the earth depend on a healthy and stable environment. So, if I summarize this if you are if you are addressing the risk properly it is going to give us the opportunity. Those opportunity sometimes it is tangible where we can get the information we can get the data points sometimes it would be intangible that is in term of the reputation increase reputation and increase bra. And this is also being internalized by the firms that sustainability is going to be the next source of competitive advantage. And how it is going to be the next source of competitive advantage that is through the available environmental friendly technology and also the series of development what we have done in the field in a series of development of innovation what we have done in this space. Then managing sustainability is not all about risk. In one way it is mitigating the risk at the beginning but capitalize that opportunity at a later point of time which gives us the tangible benefit. And what are the intangible benefit there is corporate reputation and brand enhancing this corporate reputation and brand. Then increasing the recruitment because you are considered to be the better company good company the engagement of the stakeholders and also the employer will return because this gives us gives a good workplace for the employer. Now, what the company they should do or how can they get the profit what they do. Few examples like they have to transit to the low carbon economy. Now, we know that the low carbon economy is that where we use the inputs which is giving us which is giving us the less carbon as the outcome. We have already started in our energy in transport sector heavy industry in the other sector. Few of the sector they have responded to the regulation or few of them they have internalized the fact that this is going to the future if they are doing it now they have the first mover advantage or they are at a over a long period of time they are going to get a long term profit out of this. Then optimization of the carbon efficiency of the existing asset and product that is carbon efficiency in infrastructure, carbon efficiency in across the supply chain and finished goods in the final product. So, like if you take the example of supply chain how do you optimize the carbon efficiency. When you are sourcing starting from the sourcing of raw material how do you optimize in the logistic in the production process and finally at the end product disposal we need to see how we can how we can optimize our carbon efficiency. And how do we optimize there are two we optimize one we improve the energy efficiency or we think we see that what are the alternative source of well which is less carbon intensive like improving the energy efficiency is one and second shift to the less carbon intensive source that is nuclear wind solar and geothermal. And the last one is that what the company they typically do and also they get a profit out of it is that development of the new low carbon solution. The typical example is your second generation biofuel and the last scale supply biomass to the power plant. Now, if you summarize the company's responses to this sustainable agenda or sustainability. Now, the responses have been so at some point of time companies they responded to the digital economy. Some point of time when the changes happened they responded to the emerging economy and now they are responding to the climate and sustainable economy. So, they are move they are the transition they are doing from regulation to the sustainable growth. It is not only reacting to the regulation rather they are planning that whatever the growth they are going to achieve how that growth has to be sustainable. Because the principle of economic growth and environmental quality reinforce each other in the long run that we have seen in our previous class when we are looking at the link between environment and economy and this is beautifully explained through the environmental CouchNet curve. And over a period of time the mindset of the corporate has also changed to improve internal system and also just responding to the compliance, responding to the regulation reluctant compliance to moving towards that what we can do beyond compliance to achieve the sustainability and also the products towards safe. So, this will say again that how over a period of time the company they have responded to this concern this environmental concern when we discuss about the corporate strategy. But at this moment the transition or the change in the mindset of the corporate has happened from the reluctant compliance to the beyond compliance and the products towards safe. Now, they have adopted new tools and technology which will assess their impact and performance. So, they have adopted new tools and technology which will give them the their assessment that how much impact they are creating and also what is the corporate performance, their corporate environmental performance they are achieving by doing these changes. They have developed the innovation, they have adopted this innovation to create greater efficiency to eliminate waste to find new source of clean energy in managing companies value chain and consequently the larger economy. They are committing serious amount of management talent resources capital to address the climate change. Then there are initiative to manage the footprint they invest in energy efficiency, renewable energy, incentive based and time bound, abatement goal. There are new carrier and business opportunities. So, you will find there are a lot of sustainability startup in our startup space. They offer you the carbon clean technology, they offer you the carbon clean solution, they offer you the consultancy that how the company they should address their sustainability issues. So, there is a entire space which takes over by the sustainability startup either in term of the providing product, in term of providing technology or providing the consulting and there is a new carrier opportunity all together which is we call as a carbon management which has a spread over the manufacturing sector and taking it to finance and consulting. Then also the company they are participating in awareness about the environmental concern, they are participating in the even the mandatory disclosure and also the voluntary disclosure and many more voluntary initiative like if you look at the sustainability report or business responsibility report is only for the top 100 company, but you will find that many companies are publishing this, they are giving it the energy, water, whatever the consumption they are putting it in their annual report and also they are doing lot of voluntary initiative for this outreach awareness for the sustainability among the different stakeholders. These are the example of the few initial responses by the lead companies. There are many more many more examples, these are few of the initial responses like 3M 3P which is the most popular thing since last 30-35 years they are successfully running that is pollution, prevention, peace. Then Apple they measure and report their life cycle carbon footprint for each one of its product. So, the innovation what they have done is that Dave that is the recycle thing robot designed to recover the rarer material such as earth's magnet and tungsten from the old phone and as well as the percentage of the steel used so that that can be reused. Then they have done also in the innovation in the materials their decision to shift from the two Unibody Aluminium MacBook Pro laptops. Similarly, UPS they tracks incentive page employee on the basic matrix such as GHG emission per 1000 kg of package deliver based on that they give the incentive to the employee and also they focus on the environmental friendly packaging. Similarly, Walmart they use 100 percent renewable energy sources, rustic supplier that had manufacturing or distribution practices that added the carbon emission which create from the create pressure for the supplier to take this sustainability initiative. Then Pepsi America invest they invest in the high energy efficient and low carbon footprint and they have platinum lead certified buildings. Then Nike has focused on reducing waste and minimizing the footprint. Adidas has created a greener supply chain and targeted specific issues like dyeing and eliminating plastic bag. Similarly, few more unilever and organic palm oil and overall waste in the resource footprint. Nestle in areas such as product life cycle, climate, water efficiency and waste, IKEA and H&M they taken the step to address local level condition with supplier with emerging market. Pepsi and Coca-Cola have both ambitious agenda such as increase focus on water stewardship, setting targets on water replenishment. Then Biogen and Novo Nordics have both worked towards energy efficiency, waste reduction and other ecological measures. They have also focused on social impact by partner initiative in the area of health and safety. Similarly, the example of banks which advance the local community with good sustainability practices and by embedding the sustainability in their business process and culture and the automobile BMW and Toyota have made stride on energy efficiency and policy reduction and Tesla the everyone knows about Tesla with their electric cars through their overall footprint. And in this session what we have tried to summarize that how firms they have responded to the sustainability. Although they consider this as a risk associated with that all these changes all these drivers there are risk associated with that but many company they have taken the risk and in the process of mitigating the risk they have converted this to the opportunity which gives the tangible and intangible benefits. Thank you.