My name is Zena Spizakis. I'm a mom, an activist, an entrepreneur, and I want to be your next congresswoman. I never thought about running before. I was going to handle things from the business side or as an activist. But when I read that we only have about a decade left to save our planet, I couldn't just sit there, I needed to act. That's why I'm getting to work now. Strong corporate interests, lobbyists, political machines fight every day against the policies that we need to enact in Congress. Like the Green New Deal, Medicare for All, common sense gun control, campaign finance reform, criminal justice reform, student loan relief, and equal rights. All these policies will help make America more prosperous, more just, and more secure. It sounds audacious, but we have the ideas, we have the courage, and we have the political will. So will you join our movement to create a better New Jersey and a better America? Yeah! Therein are you. Hello everyone, I'm here with Zena Spizakis running in New Jersey's 9th congressional district against incumbent Bill Pascrell. And she was just recently endorsed by Brand New Congress. She was highly recommended by fellow New Jersey and progressive Rusty and Sione. And she is here to talk about her campaign. Zena, thank you so much for coming on. Thank you so much for having me. It's a real honor. I'm looking forward to it. It should be fun. I'm very excited. And when we kind of first connected we got news that Brand New Congress had endorsed you, which is really exciting. So I don't know if you attended. There was like a Brand New Congress training session or whatnot. Did you attend that? And how did that go? I just got back last night. It was this weekend. And I would say, except for like maybe one, all of the candidates that they've endorsed were there from around the country, including a couple of senatorial candidates, which is new for them this year. So it's not just the House of Representatives, but we're going to change the face of the Senate too, because if we need to get anything done, we need to have both houses changed. But it was exciting. It was a nice, it felt like this is really what the future ought to be like. It was a diverse group, lots of different backgrounds, a number of non-native born, naturalized citizens running as well. I mean, it was just beautiful. And behold, everybody's coming at it from a different perspective. I'm coming at it from a clean energy perspective. Other people coming at progressive values via mass incarceration or whatever else. But it was, I felt like if we put all these people in one room or in one house, we could actually get a lot of things done as well. And the other thing that you should know about Brand New Congress, none of their candidates take any corporate money. I mean, they've sworn off of it. We don't want that influence in our campaign or in our legislating. So yeah, it was great actually. That's really exciting. Yeah, I saw the pictures and it was like, I know this sounds corny, but it was like super heartwarming because I've been talking to these candidates and, you know, I'm a fairly cynical person. I think a lot of people who follow American politics closely, it's easy to get cynical, but seeing everyone from like all different walks of life across the country kind of rise up. It really tells you that like something is happening here. And one thing that I think is very clear about all the Brand New Congress and not just Brand New Congress and Justice Democrats, but anyone who's progressive is running. Is there's kind of this like core, you know, ideology, this commitment to like Medicare for all a Green New Deal, you know, student loan debt cancellation and whatnot. But each person as you kind of alluded to, they're all approaching this from different angles. So for you, one thing that I really noticed is you have this really strong emphasis on a Green New Deal and basically saving the planet from climate catastrophe. And in your bio, you talk about how you kind of approached this previously from, you know, the business world. And also part of your inspiration is you have two elementary age children, which is obviously going to affect their future. So talk about why climate change is kind of the issue that you're choosing to make front and center. I think it's obvious to everyone, but I think it's really nice to hear it like from you, why it matters to you.  I mean, I'm in the weird, the weird generation where I remember what it was. I'm probably the last generation. Now I'm aging myself right. I'm in my 40s. I'm the last generation to actually remember what it was like prior to the climate crisis. I'm in the first generation to really feel it. And I'm the only, we're in the only generation really do anything about it. And so, you know, I was, I've been an environmental activist. I, you know, I worked, I working our company is a clean energy startup. And I thought I was kind of doing my part until I read the UN's IPCC report last year, which IPCC stands for Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.  And the thing that terrified me about that, Mike, wasn't the 12 years necessarily is that I study climate models. I mean, I'm getting a graduate degree in energy policy and climate science. And every single climate model that I've ever looked at has completely overestimated the amount of time in which we have to react. So that 12 years to me was something more like, I don't know, I'm making this up five or six. It's going to be a lot shorter than what they think it is. It always has been because there are things that are happening to our climate that scientists can't really predict. We've gotten no way of modeling what's happening out there.  And so they've been completely off the mark. Things are happening faster than we expected. And, you know, I, as a mother, I just, I can't, you know, I read that report and I sort of looked at mine. I'm in a safe blue district, right? It's a D plus 16. And I'm like, what has he done on climate? Nothing. In fact, he even pushed voted a couple of times to push the keystone keystone pipeline forward. And I'm just, I understand this might not be his expertise and I don't expect him to be studying energy policy or anything like that. But, you know, part of leadership is to actually put a voice to something, even if it might be politically inconvenient. And to be quite honest, they can't, you know, no one in the House of Representatives or in the government, frankly, can claim that they've been ignorant to this. Congress gets regular reports called national climate assessments. They've known about this. And in fact, New Jersey, where we're from, it's expected and it's happening now. It's going to get wetter, faster and warmer, twice as warm faster than the rest of the United States. And that's happening right now.  I mean, it just, we haven't had a good snowfall since my son was a baby. So I just, I said, there's no way. I mean, this is something that's my life's work. But this is how I have to take it up to the next level, because what I was doing was not moving the needle fast enough. And in order to protect our children, I needed to do this. I needed to step up. Yeah, and I think it's really important that you give us your background because you have the expertise here and you've been looking at the data and that IPCC report, I think it really put it into perspective for a lot of people. Myself included, you know, to where we kind of, we've been putting this in the back of our minds, realizing that it's a crisis, but not really knowing how little time we have. And it's so important because as you said, you know, scientists, they are by their very nature conservative. They're not going to come out with claims that are hyperbolic to get you to pay attention. That's not the way that they do things. No. So it's really important that we take things into our own hands and we really, we understand the sense of urgency and really the 12 year timeline, as you said, it really isn't great. I mean, there's one model that predicts that human extinction, if it's going to happen will start by 2050. That is insane. It's, you know, I think we're losing, I don't know how many species a day.  But what happens with these extremes and weather is, and we saw some of this starting in India and in the Saudi Peninsula this summer, plants get stressed out. They're a living organism and they get stressed out. And after a while, if you have these huge swings in weather, it weakens the plant and the plant will not be able to grow food. If the plant can't grow food, we can't feed our livestock, we can't feed ourselves. It starts through prices starts skyrocketing. And it becomes, it becomes an environment. The climate crisis is an environmental justice issue. I mean, in so many, so many ways, you know, even, even here in this country, we think, oh, it's not really going to hit our shores. Our wealth is not going to protect us. It won't. It's coming for us. And, you know, there, I like to give the example last summer in India, there were temperatures and part of India had reached so, such high degrees that entire villages were abandoned because, you know, the livestock was dropping dead because it was too hot.  Water dries up and there's no food.  Okay. We have we've seen hurricane was adoring and that hit just the Bahamas nearest. We had a climate.  And what did we do? I mean, the Trump administration, of course, sent them away. I mean, predictably, but that's going to, if you look at the entire planet, the equatorial regions of our planet is going to cause hundreds of millions of people to be displaced. They're not going to head south. They're going to head north. They're going to head north into the US and to Canada. They're going to head north into Europe and into Russia. And you can imagine what kind of conflict you're going to see when that when those people start finally. I mean, we couldn't handle a refugee crisis coming out of Syria, which some people claim had some environmental effect, you know, some sort of environmental impetus to it. I haven't seen this. I haven't seen the data yet. But there are those claims. We couldn't handle that. We can't handle what's happening at our border right now, you know, you know, it's not if I if I'm a farmer, if I'm a head of a household and I can't feed my children, I'm going to migrate and nothing to get in my way.  I get it. And it's that's not the world I want to leave my kids. It's not the world any kids should really inherit. And it just it just it's so angering. It's angering for me because because we've known about it for such a long time. We've known about it. I mean, since since in my lifetime, right? And the the we've had half of the world's emissions come in the last 25 years.  We've had it's we can stop this now. And the thing that gets me Mike is that we actually have the technology. We have like the vast majority of the technology we need right now to deploy it. You know, I I'll go back to Bill Pascal. He actually endorsed the Green New Deal about a week after I announced and got some positive presses like this environmental activists is going after Pascal, which is OK, coincidence. Take it as it is. He endorses it. He pays lip service to it. Activists in New Jersey asked him to come out with a statement for like at least, you know, a statement on a moratorium of new fossil fuel projects, which isn't a hard thing to do.  We can replace. We can replace that energy generation. These wind farms don't take long to come up. They take their lesson a year to build these things. I mean, it's not it's not like you're building a nuclear power plant, which will take which takes like 10 years. We have that. But, you know, where where where's the leadership, right? Where's the voice to it?  That was our start. That's our start up. You know, why why am I jumping into this race because because of this negligence. It's criminal negligence. It is it is it is the biggest intergenerational human rights violation, frankly, ever. I mean, it's my children.  You know, I mean he's and and and I come from like I come from a privileged background. I am you know, I live in a good neighborhood. I've got a good house.    I can't I can't allow that. I can't allow that who would I who no good person. I'm sorry I'm going on about this, but it gets no you're you're absolutely I love the way that you're talking about this and I actually want to go a little bit deeper because we oftentimes talk about climate change mitigation and adaptation finally in terms of the Green New Deal. But this is a resolution. So there's a lot of neoliberal pro corporate Democrats who can endorse the Green New Deal, but not necessarily explain what they think that means now candidates are filling in what they mean by the Green New Deal. But I want to talk to you because you know more about this than most people I think running for Congress. What does true mitigation and adaptation look like in terms of policy like what would you do that you think would actually suffice because there's people who are proposing things but none of them either meet the deadline, or they're not ambitious enough and I think that the Green New Deal is the first time I'm hearing people talk about, you know, meeting the urgency meeting that IPCC is deadline. But what do you think we need to do just if politics weren't an issue.  The first thing we need to do is just pass a moratorium on all fossil fuel any new fossil first any new fossil fuel projects need to be stopped. And any and then we start looking at the fossil fuel projects and start looking at their emissions and start start knocking down like the coal any coal fire plants need to be decommissioned those workers need to be trained to to to transition into a green job whether that's building wind turbines or maintenance on those wind turbines putting up you know putting up rooftop solar whatever what we can those are good you know at least in the wind industry here in New Jersey. Some of these companies that have been coming in a very pro worker these are like you know good union jobs that should be done first of all more to keep it in the ground that's that's that's just a non sorry right there. Research the the I'm sorry the financial subsidies right now the depending on the study that I read anywhere between $15 and $20 billion still go of our taxpayer money still goes to this day to possible companies as financial incentives subsidies tax breaks whatever financial incentives. Those need to stop. I mean it's a 200 year old industry they don't need any support I mean I work so I'm paying for these guys to line their pocket and pollute the air that my children are breathing so that just to give you an example I mean that's what it is really bought and paid for right by ExxonMobil. Those need to stop and those need to be completely redirected into either financial incentives to adopt green technologies faster whatever those may be or if they need to be deployed into research and development. That's the second thing. Third thing and this has been used with great effectiveness in other countries and it hasn't been actually that politically controversial is efficiency standards. What we're doing to Cal so California has its own efficiency standards and the Trump administration is trying to go after them for that exemption in other words they can't California has been a driver in a lot of the efficiency standards around the country because if you want to sell into California you know you got to be a good player and that's been driving a lot of technology around the country. And so now the Trump administration wants to say no California you can't do that anymore. You know they're all for states rights until it comes to like energy efficiency. You can't do that anymore. And so they're taking them to court is where I believe it is. Efficiency standards need to put in and then really a lot. We really need to build resiliency in some of these communities. There are depending on the model that you see as far as sea level rise. There are many parts of this country and millions will be affected by sea level rise. Those communities. There's some there it was Florida for an example. Florida is built on limestone. You really can't build a wall around Florida and hope to keep the water out of it because limestone acts as a sponge and comes in through the geology of the state. So those communities either need to be something the building codes need to change. They need to be building higher up. I don't know. Superstorm Sandy hit here in New Jersey. It knocked out power for many of these communities for quite a long time. And that's because the surges that came in you know they hit these substations and these substations are not really designed to handle 15 foot you know tides coming in on a consistent basis. That sort of that sort of resiliency and really it's an infrastructure spend because our infrastructure was developed for a fossil fuel economy. Right. And it was developed for no climate change. And we we spend like a fraction of it. We spend I think it was two or three percent. I want to say don't quote me somewhere around there that we spend just on just an infrastructure maintenance just to maintain our bad infrastructure which you know a lot of civil engineers will tell you needs help. China China China spent somewhere around eight percent of its GDP on infrastructure. They're building a green economy. Europe is building a green economy. And in fact actually you know they're in a lot of their industries and a lot of their economies the Europeans and the Chinese I would say are almost 10 years ahead of where we are where we should be and we should be leading this. I mean right right now within five years my prediction is they will be the number one manufacturer of wind turbines. They are already number one in solar thin solar film. So there's there's a lot of so it's a it's a matter of like it's a matter of stopping the bad stuff shifting some of those resources into the good stuff and then helping communities adapt to what's coming because even if we stopped all emissions right now. The way the physics works is that there's going to be a certain amount of warming in the atmosphere so things are going to get worse before they get better. And I tell people we can't really reverse it in my generation we won't we won't. This next election and you can quote me on this this next election comes down to whether we want to see the worst effects in the next 30 years or if we want to slow it down enough that we see effects like in the next 500 years and allow for our children and grandchildren's generation to come up with solutions to their energy needs and to really just draw back out of the air. You know longer term longer term. There's a lot of things you could do with land management and forestry management that allows for natural processes to start pulling some of these some of the carbon dioxide out of the air. But you know if I if I had one thing to do right now you know carte blanche no politics involved I would and this is going to be a little controversial but I would shut down every methane pipeline in the country. I just and I'll tell you why even a two percent even a two to three percent leak in a methane pipeline because methane as a molecule is so much more powerful at warming the planet. Even a tiny little fractional link from any one of these little joints anywhere on these thousands of miles of pipeline is no better than a fossil fuel plant as far as its warming effects. And you know people are wondering well why is it why you know we're kind of curbing our we are kind of curbing our CO2 emissions. You know in the last three years the the GDP of the United States has completely decoupled from our from our CO2 emissions.  But what we're still seeing is these methane spikes in the air and there are people like where are these coming from. They're coming from these pipelines and there's no way anybody can audit thousands of miles of pipeline. And if you have like the pipeline you know companies the methane companies or the natural gas pipeline companies should say auditing themselves.  But yeah so it's like yeah it's those three things. Yeah and I love the way that you simplify that and what you focus on which is important is adaptation and mitigation because you know we can do what we can to stop climate crisis. Regardless people they need to realize that climate change is inevitable a certain degree of it. It's just a matter of what we can control in terms of how bad that disaster will be. So we have to arm ourselves with the capability to adapt. Now you mentioned you know natural ways of removing the CO2 from the atmosphere. One thing that a viewer brought to my attention recently that I'm not too familiar with and I'm not sure if you are too is a way to artificially remove CO2 from the atmosphere. Is that technology that's there yet that's viable. So yeah so yeah I have read a little bit about this technology. So so natural processes assigned aside in other words you know put aside the fact that we need to plant I don't know billion trees. Yeah there is.  CO2 is a really hard thing to pull out of the atmosphere because the molecule that CO2 molecule doesn't really react with a lot of things. You know I mean it's not like I can throw a chemical out there the CO2 is going to react with it and it draws it down. It's not really reactive. But there is there are some technologies that are being developed which basically which are basically there's there's one company out in the Northwest in the Canadian board. I think it's called Carbon Engineering or something like that. But they they basically have found some sort of a process. It's expensive right now to pull the CO2 out of the air and there's a few companies working on this. They've all kind of got their tweaks on the same sort of basic principle as far as the chemical reaction is concerned. But it's it is I forget the article I was reading but I was reading an article about this about how many of these actual plants at our current technology. We need to deploy around the world to actually start making a dent and it was in the order of tens of thousands and these plants would not be cheap to build. That we need to put money into this R&D. This is not this is not carbon capture and sequestration where like you know you get some natural gas guys saying oh you know I can still keep burning it but I'll just carbon capture and sequester it. I'm like that bad technology where they say clean coal clean coal is a myth. It is it is very expensive and not really viable and it would your electricity rates which would spike if they started doing that en masse but it's this requires research and development from the federal government. I mean it's there is something there. Yeah that's good. Sorry to put you on the spot because I know that this is super complicated but this is something that kind of piqued my interest because any little like thing that I could grab on to that gives me a little bit more. More hope I'm trying to grab and find so that was something that was a little bit interesting to me. But yeah so you you have a really robust platform.  But with that being said of course I want you to talk about this campaign the dynamics of your campaign because you are going up against a Democrat who has co-sponsored and endorsed or whatever the Green New Deal but we all know that you know that was due to public pressure because he has a primary challenger. So talk a little bit about the differences between you and Bill Pascal because this is someone who I think is obviously an establishment figure. He takes a lot of corporate money and explain why he is not the person that we need at this time when we're trying to literally save the planet. Well you know so outside of outside of like climate issues a large part of my of my district if you look at sort of the statistics is uninsured as far as I mean as compared to the rest of the state of New Jersey. One of my other sort of very personal issues is Medicare for All because my father who was a small an immigrant and a small business owner never had medical insurance refused to go to the doctor died very young. I'll leave it at that. It is an issue that's personal to me. It is an issue that is personal to a lot of my constituents. I go out canvassing and I hear about I mean I just heard a story from a young woman who said her mother is going blind. Her mother who is a truck driver is going blind because she doesn't have good insurance and so therefore she's going to lose her livelihood. Medicare for All is something that this community needs. Not not only because it's a very sort of polluted community along the Paseik River and even the air pollution here in this part of New Jersey gets an F from the from the American Lung Association. But it is something that is I mean aside from the moral aspect of it. You know so that's where I come from it. If you look at because I've got an MBA right I have to look at it from like the economics aspect of it. It is a three and a half trillion dollar industry that is growing at roughly five to six percent a year. OK. That very quickly grows to about a 50 billion dollar industry in 15 20 years anyway it gets very big very fast. One third roughly one third of that three and a half trillion dollars is spent in overhead overhead. OK. It is it is. If you look at it from a purely business perspective I'm like that's right for disruption. Why is there so much fat in the system. So and we pay. I mean I'm not going to go into the statistics. You know we're getting sick or we're paying more and we're getting sick or it doesn't work. Simply we cannot. It is unaffordable to keep our health and our health care system as it is right now completely are for unaffordable because it's going to grow into a monster and it's going to take an ever increasing share of our GDP which is crazy. That's crazy. I mean it's going to. I mean it's not quite the military budget yet but you know it's going to it's getting out it's getting that big. You know I. And I personally have like a big sort of ethical issue with an industry whose sole motivation is profit and the only way they can do that is to raise prices on you and deny you coverage. I had a friend of mine whose mother died of cancer because she couldn't afford one pill a month was twenty five hundred dollars and her insurance company said no we're not going to approve of that. And like she died. I mean do they care. She died. You know. You know it's like oh then people ask me well what about the ACA. So the ACA was a good starting point. You know got the conversation going. But frankly I mean if you look at medical bankruptcies before the ACA and after the ACA they're the same. It hasn't made a dent in medical bankruptcies. And there's still 28 million people uninsured.  I believe in a pathway to citizen citizenship whether you're here documented or undocumented. Another personal issue for me because my my parents are immigrants and my parents were sponsored by my uncle who came here years ago. Basically was he worked as a merchant Marine and basically jumped one of the ships that he was working on and came here. I don't know what it was 40s or 50s as an undocumented immigrant. Right. And he's he married somebody became a citizen whatever and then he sponsored my parents over. So I have this whole you know. And if you look at sort of the criteria that the Trump administration is sort of this merit based stuff right that they're trying to do. And I'm like I look at my parents and I'm like my father was a high school dropout. I mean I don't think you would have made anything. You know I mean that's not even a criteria. I think we want immigrants. We want it. Can you imagine the courage it takes for somebody to come to a country where they don't know anybody have no money and they don't know the language. That takes a certain type of personality and that's the type of personality that frankly I think we need. You know agree with me or not but those are sort of my my big three issues climate change Medicare for all and an immigration. And I will say one last thing Mike. I've been trying to get this into to get this out a little bit more. Not every Democrat is the same. And I'm happy criticizing my own Democratic Party and even even in my run here in the state here it's it's a plus 16 district but frankly the biggest obstacles have come to me from what from the Democratic Party. They've denied me access to research that I can't paint whatever I've had to I've worked around it because I've built and run businesses for 20 years I can do this whether they throw these obstacles at me or not.  But what have you done. I mean it's just it's very irritating to me so yeah no that rage is felt by millions of people across the country I mean there's a reason why independent has become the largest political party you know in America and it's not a party but just people identify more as being independent than Republicans and Democrats because you know the two party duopoly isn't working because they've both largely been captured by you know private interests and that's a problem that's why we have people dying and going bankrupt because they don't have healthcare that's why we haven't had action on climate change I mean the fossil fuel industries they fund Republicans and Democrats one party simply simply just denies it the other party delays it as you said is perfect I think that's the perfect moniker for them because it really is true I mean if you're not going to get in there then just the mere fact that you acknowledge the reality of anthropogenic climate change that's not enough like we need action yesterday and the fact that people are still not even like willing to you know cosine on the Green New Deal in Congress in the Democratic Party it's mind blowing to me and for them to only do it when they get a we've wasted we've wasted what has it been 10 months 11 months since they since the Green New Deal we've wasted 10 months 10 months at this point of our emissions is a freakin lifetime okay if I don't understand why it's not an all hands on deck thing and quite honestly we're talking about transitioning to an economy that is decarbonized sustainable just for every American regardless of who they are where they came from or who they love this Green New Deal it's not one issue it's everything it is everything I mean we it's it's it's you're dealing with so many social justice issues health issues I mean energy issues infrastructure issues technology issues who does America want to be in the 21st century do we want because I can tell you this this race is going by us and if we don't get on board we're going to lose are we going to continue to be the technological and economic powerhouse that we were in the 20th century that's what I think we should be and I think because we have intelligent people we have a large part of our population descended from these immigrants who have this fight and this ingenuity quite frankly in order to come to a country like this you know and it's it's who do we want to be as a country that's your choice in the next election you know can you handle that can you handle the critical issues of the 21st century or do you want to say as business as usual because I could tell you business as usual is not working yeah yeah and to quote AOC like we will pay for climate change oh regardless of if we take action or not it's just a matter of like actually arming ourselves to deal with it through you know a Green New Deal and mitigation and adaptation is going to be a lot lower price than not doing anything you know about climate change so look anyone who's watching this I know is going to feel inspired I feel so inspired by your campaign and love everything that you're saying tell us what we can do if we want to help you donate volunteer where can we go and how can we help you win well we're they might outspend us but we're going to out organize them as AOC said we are actively recruiting volunteers to do a call banking text banking and also canvassing and we're also obviously we're we're powered by individual donations we don't take any corporate cash and that's at www.zinazinaforcongress.com if folks want to you know maybe give me like I tell them you know give me give me buy me a cup of coffee every month $5 recurring donation would be ideal so that's my blog yeah and the recurring donations are super important for those who don't know because it allows campaigns to really predict you know what revenue they're going to have and how many people to hire and you know it's just it's a lot more financial stability that they really need when they're going up against political behemoths like Bill Pascrell who is raising lots and lots of money from special interests including including fossil fuel this guy took is sponsoring co-sponsoring the Green New Deal and he's taking money from the Petroleum Marketers Association and the National Propane Gas Association so yeah I'm sure he's perfectly serious about it right yeah think about this like just sending money to Zina who would you rather have fight for you Bill Pascrell I don't know why I keep messing up his name or someone like Zina who is going to speak truth to power in a way that is matter of factly that's bold and that really can't be denied like she knows about this like the back of her hand and few people in Congress know that like we have a member of Congress literally bring a snowball to the oh my god so imagine getting some people in there at least a few a small block who know about climate change who know you know what's at stake that would make such a huge difference even if we can't really get a majority even in you know the Democratic Party just getting a larger block would be potentially game changing yeah I'll tell you Mike these progressive candidates because they're not beholden to corporate benefactors I mean these people are amazing they will tell it like it is regardless of whether it is politically expedient or not we are in it we I have no choice I'm like the people are like whoa how can you say that I'm like you know what if I don't say it now I will regret it in 50 years when my grandchildren when my grandchildren and God willing I have some you know ask me grandma what did you do when there was time when there was still time to do something about it what did you do did you sit idly by did you do something and if I don't do this for my kids for everyone's kids frankly I mean I look at some of these children I start crying you know I'm like thinking about their future I get very emotional even though I come across as a very sort of incensed person but yeah it's truth to power and not only to me put to all progressive candidates quite honestly we should be supporting all progressive candidates not just me so absolutely we'll leave that there is in a thank you so much for coming on it's been an absolute pleasure thank you so much for educating us about climate change and more importantly fighting to take action that means so much so we really appreciate it thanks Mike I appreciate it have a good night you too


We have our first GUI challenge submission. It is from Jeff Rich. Thank you so much, Jeff. This is really awesome. I like some of the small twists you put on there. So he tweeted at me, which is great. I added him to the web dev blog post, his repose open source. He's got it hosted on Glitch, but I wanted to run it locally and go through the code. So I've already checked it out. I'm ready to MPM start and see Sevelton actions sort of build really quickly. So in his story container here, he's importing all the components that he needs and doing all the iteration down here in his template and just sort of letting Sevelton do all of the hard work of assigning styles and assigning listeners and that sort of stuff and did his loop here. So he's got right. So each user and all of their stories really cool. So I was also really interested at some of the swipe thresholds in here. It's like, oh, swipe thresholds. I know what those are for. Those are for like the release and you need to know if you need to throw something. So I was like, okay, so where's the animation for that? And I found a fade here in the transition for a story. And then in the user, I found a fly. So this is a really good example of why Svelte excelled here as the transitions from state, whether it was going to a next user to the next story, you could put them in the control of Svelte and apply all of the transitions that it has, which is physics. You could do physics. It's really awesome. So anyway, let's see what Jeff did, right? We should give this a little shot. And I have to try tapping first. Oh, it says tap. Okay, yeah. Okay, here you go. I'm tapping, I'm tapping through. All right. And I moved on to my next friend. That was awesome. I like how it like ghosted out of the container that was sweet. And I saw there was swipe. So you all want to try swiping. Very cool. There's a little bit of like tension on there. It feels like a little bit of a rubber band and a nice throw release. Okay, cool. And there's me. Ah, I am one of the users in your stories. I like it. Very nice. And I'll swipe through. And I'm at the end. Ooh, an end card. Nice touch. I always like it when you know, when you're at the end of something, that it's just good user feedback from the code. The code is like, the array is empty. Or you've reached the end of the array. And so we can represent that, right? Well done. I like the little twists in here. What a cool submission. Thank you so much. And I hope to see more of these. I learned from these. Hopefully y'all can learn from these. And together, the diversity of what we know will grow. It's inevitable. All right, y'all. I'll see you later. Bye.


I started as an apprentice and then became a general labourer. When I was old enough to drive a HGV they just put me forward for it. A typical day would be, around midday you get a text message, a notification of what time you'll be on the road, what routes are going out of the depot and the amount of grams of salt that you would be putting down on the road per run. From there you get into the depot an hour early before the initial time they want you on the road for just to prepare your lorry, refuel if you need to refuel. Salt on the back of the vehicle and you'll be on the road for the given time and then you go out and do your route which can range from two to three hours on the road and come back. Offload the excess salt that you've still got on and then from there you just wash down the vehicle and that's your route then. There was one year when I was learning a route with a colleague of mine and we came round a bend, it was pitch black at night, came round this bend and a load of cows had escaped from the field and they were just literally there in front of us. Emergency stop and we had to call our duty control where explaining that we can't progress at the moment and we've had to come to a standstill because there's a dozen cows blocking the road. It's nice to have a different change of scenery as well. It's nice if you've got a lot on your mind, just go out and hit the roads.


Okay, greetings. This is James P. Madonna of Megalife 21 and you are now seeing the new and improved artificial Lithium battery powered Flickering LED candles from the Dollar Tree Okay, I have them obviously One is in a cobalt blue candle holder from the Dollar Tree and the other two are behind Holiday season red and green traditional red and green colored bottles and then I have one In a stained glass candle holder and the other two All right are in clear I guess a vase or This is a candle holder with an angel on it now For those of you that are wondering exactly what they are they are artificial flickering LED candles powered by Lithium batteries, and I'll show you what they look like Let me see I got it right here Okay This is what they look like they look like nickels they're flat silver Lithium batteries like the ones in your in your smartphone and cell phone, okay, and Let me show you what That's a t-light Which are brighter than the other ones I had two for a dollar in a package with lithium battery powered flickering of course LED lights The these batteries last a very long time and as you can see it's nice and bright And it flickers You know no danger involved in having a real flame a real candle and I think it's great. You got you got to get the white ones though The white ones are much brighter than any other color the this is the t-light variety, okay? So I'm going to put it back Right, and that's it Happy holidays Happy winter solstice Yule or merry winter solstice Yule Happy Krampus Day and Happy Festivus for the rest of us and that should do it


Cuba's Yodenes Yugas has sent money Pacquiao spinning to a dramatic upset defeat on Saturday as class in the Filipino boxing icon with a composed unanimous unanimous point victory at the T-Mobile arena. In his first fight after a two-year absent from the ring, Pacquiao was made to look every bit of it for the two years as the younger Yugas dominated with a stinging jab and cleaner punching to within his WBA water weight belt. Yugas who is 35 has only been drafted in to face Manny earlier this month after the 8th division world champions original opponents Errol Spence Junior suffered an eye injury in training. Hello hope you enjoyed the news please do subscribe to our youtube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates


Hello children, I am back again for you. I know you want to do Nice activities and something fresh daily. So today I came up with something new very exciting and fresh So, let me tell you what activity we are going to do today today We are going to do salt painting activity and I am going to show you the things we require to do that activity you required a paper two spoons of salt water a pencil a dropper Food color you can use the water color as well and fabric all Now you can see I have made a flat design on the paper So let us start now you have to outline this Flat design with the fabric all like this you have you can make a thick outline With the fabric all you can write your name. Also, you can draw a balloon a ball Whatever you want to draw you can draw it Now I have outlined the flower with the fabric all and now the next step is that I am going to take the salt and Put it on the Fevicol like this It is the common salt which is available at home try to put enough salt so that Every drop of the fevicol can absorb the salt. It is a very very beautiful activity And I am sure you have not done it before now look I have Put the salt enough salt on the flower Okay, and let the fevicol absorb the Salt you can move it so that Every drop of the fevicol can absorb the salt very nicely Okay, like this now you can see it is very well absorbed by the Fevicol now I am going to keep it for half an hour aside and You can see I am ready with the Dry part of this okay now after keeping it for half an hour our flower is ready and Now I have mixed the food color in the water a small pinch of food color can be enough It has given a bright dark shade now. I am with the use of dropper. I am putting the color on the Salt you can see it is giving a very nice Color to the flower slowly slowly drop by drop The color is coming on the flower the salt is absorbing the color and It is looking very beautiful the salt is absorbing the color and A very nice Orange color flower Came on the paper you can see it and try this at home. Bye. Bye


Hello guys, how are you? Hope you all would be very fine.  Just to have yet another orientation program on UP-PAC, Men's Examination, that is solely targeted towards gender studies paper to which I have to give a take as far as the subjects like Indian polity and constitution along with international relationship is concerned. So, as you remember, in the previous orientation program, I made a commitment to you that when I will meet you next time, I will meet you with some topic from which you can realize that during the classroom program, what you will be taught, how you will be taught and how you will be able to solve the questions that are asked in the Men's exam based on that. Basically, I had to think about it. So, I had told you that I will take some conceptual questions because it is possible to tell the class better in conceptual questions, that is why I have selected it. With this, you will be able to observe your teacher, that when we will be taught different topics in the class, then what kind of thinking can be developed in us? Will the exam-oriented thinking be developed? Or will it just go on like this? So, let's see. One question that I have asked, in the last exam of UPPSE Men's exam, let me tell you. What is the condition of the Indian system? What is the difference between the American system and the Indian system? Let's discuss this short answer type question. You know that in UPPSE Men's, there are 4 general studies papers. In each paper, there are 2-2 hundred articles of each paper that you have to write in 3 hours. And the total number of questions is 20, in which there will be 10 short answer types, in which each question has to be written in 125 words. And the number of long answer type questions will also be 10, in which you have to write each question in 200 words. So, the question that I have made here, Aayog has expected you to answer it in 125 words. But in the classroom program, when we discuss a topic, our goal is to at least allow the student to put a ring somewhere in the gyan's ganga. So that he has the opportunity, the opportunity to take out the content from there and make his answer beautiful. If we limit you, that is, if we do Simit Sansadan Mohia, then there are many times that you have very little scope to write. So, in the classroom, there will be an intensive discussion. There will be an interview on each subject, on each topic. So, it has been decided that the Indian system and the American system have made this question different. Yes, I will write the question first. How is the Indian system different from the American system? This is the question of 8 marks, of 8th rank. And you have to write in 125 words.  But it does not make any difference. In your class, it does not make any difference whether you have written the answer to the teacher's questions or not. In fact, your aim is to make us understand the topic in some way so that we can be able to solve any question that is not only given, but also related to it. So, in the context of the question, I will write a topic in front of you and then I will explain that topic. After explaining that topic, you will feel that whatever knowledge you will give, this question will be solved in its small corner. There will be no chance for this question. So, first, you will understand that what is Sanghiya Bevastha? When you understand Sanghiya Bevastha, then you will be able to understand what is the Sanghiya Bevastha of India and what is the Sanghiya Bevastha of USA in America. When you understand both, then you will be able to write the answer. So, somewhere, you can say that comparative study of global constitution is also there. Anyway, in this, we basically have to understand the nature of Indian society and the nature of American society. And if we take a step back from that, then you can say that in Vaishvik Bevastha, wherever there is a functional democracy, there is a democratic constitution. There you can see the different types of nature of the state. So, usually this question is made by nature of quality. The nature of the state. So, the nature of the state. And let me tell you, the nature of any state's state is the same as the nature of the constitution of that state. So, first of all, we understand this concept. You will keep this question in your mind. Now, I am going to discuss in front of you that in Vaishvik Bevastha, where there is a democratic constitution or where there is a democratic constitution, there is a state that what kind of nature can be and what kind of political system of nature can be and what kind of constitution of nature can be there. Right? Let's go. I will try to explain this topic in short in the next one hour. So that you feel that the question or any other question is asked in the future, then you can write the best answer in the country. Look. The constitution of any state's constitution of nature is there, right? How will it be done in the end? How will it be done in the end? This is written in the constitution in that country. So, look. How will the state's constitution of nature be changed? Who will change it? The constitution of that state will change. So, the matter is the constitution of that state will have some kind of constitution. It will be alright if the constitution of the state and its constitution is changed. So the simple thing is, what will be the nature of the state's administration? Or it depends on the nature of the constitution of that country. The constitution of the constitution. And look, the administration of the country is called the state administration. That is, in the state administration of the country, we put light on the administration. Do you understand what I mean? And what is the nature of the state administration? Is it for the forests, forests or humans in the country? That is the thing, for humans. So somewhere, somewhere. We have to look at the nature of the state administration. What is the relationship between the state administration and the people living in that country? What kind of relationship is formed? What kind of relationship is formed? When it comes to the people's administration, it is usually expected that in the people's administration countries, the relationship between the people living in that country should be the people's administration. Isn't it? It should be the people's administration. And if the people's administration is to accept the people's administration, the relationship between the people living in that country should be the people's administration. So tell me, how will the state administration accept the administration? Or will it do so that it wants to keep the nature of the state administration? And the state administration will make sure that the nature of the state administration is the same. The nature of the state administration will be the same. That is why I said that the nature of the state administration will be the same. And who are we talking about? We are talking about the people's administration. Why are we talking about this? Because India is a people's administration country. And when you read Indian politics and constitution, if we want to take care of the nature of the state administration in any global state, then with whom we will have to take care of the nature of the state administration? With those countries where the people's administration is the same, where the people's administration is the same. Now, we cannot do the nature of the state administration in any country. Who does the nature of the country do it in? In a similar class? Where will we do the comparison? Will the nature of the people do it in a similar class? Will the nature of the people do it in a similar class? Do you understand what I am saying? So look here, the nature of the state administration in any country is basically the direct administration of the state administration. That is, the nature of the state administration will be the same as the nature of the state administration. Okay? You tell me, on the foreign level, when we talk about the local government or local government administration, so here, the nature of constitution or the nature of politics, the nature of the state administration or the nature of the constitution, in a prominent way, it can be divided into three types. Either the nature of the state administration or the constitution, whether it is a soul, right? Unitary, or federal, right? We call it social soul, or it will be a national federal, which we call the social soul. Do you understand what I am saying? Social soul. Now pay attention. Where you will get the unitary, mode of political system or unitary, nature of the constitution. You will say that the nature of the state administration is original, right? It is real. If in a country's constitution or in its state administration, you get the federal character, then you will say that the social soul is its natural tendency. But if in a country, this third kind, third kind of political system or third kind of constitution, then you will say that it is not original. Why is it not original? Because it is a mixed type, the mixed nature of the state administration. It is the mixed tendency of the constitution. And what does mixed mean? You will be able to get the unitary character, you will be able to get the federal character. So tell me, where is the original? It is mixed. It is mixed. Anyway, still, in the same language, in the western culture, when it comes to the state administration, then we have the rule that three types come out, one is the social soul and the other is the social soul.  Now see, what is our concern? From where is our question made? Federal system. That is, the federal system that is found in India, the federal system that is found in India, how is it different from the American federal system? So why is this question made? Because it is made that the federal mode of political system or the federal mode of constitutions, they get three different forms, all kinds come out. If there is no information about it, then you will not be able to judge with this question. It is possible that you will not be able to write it even if you have written it down, but you will not be able to write it on a conceptual basis. And how long will it take to write it down? It is not possible. So see, this federal mode of political system is of three types. What does the federal system mean? Now see, any three types of political system can be of political system. Let us talk about the meaning of political system. Now I am just showing you a blueprint so that you can know where the outlet of this question comes from. So the federal system, one is the federal system of union, that is, the union system of union, that is, the union system of union, that is, union. The second is federation, which we call parisanghia. In Dehulagiri we call parisanghia. And the third is confederation, confederation. What do we call it? Mahashanghia. Now see, the three types of union come out. How? The union system of union, the union system of union, and the union system of union. Okay? So now I will leave it here and in the future I will start with the federal system. Now it will be understood that whenever there is a talk of Lokatanthrikshanbidhan, Lokatanthrikshanbidhan, then you will see the three types of political system of the union, or the union, or the union. Because the question is, who is the unionist? That is why we are going to discuss the union. Because till the time we do not understand the federal system, how will we tell the difference between England and the federal system? It is simple. So see, federal system, union system, union system, union system. I am telling you in the same way that when there is a talk of discussion in the class, then this is a long discussion. Especially when we read the nature of Indian constitution or the nature of Indian polity, then it is written in article 1, India that is Bharat Selvi, or union of states, India, that is India, that is our relationship with the union, with the federal system. Okay? So see, the nature of the union is distribution of power that is, the idea of distribution of power is based on the idea of distribution of power. Distribution of power. The idea of distribution of power is the concept of distribution of power. It is not so, that this is everything, apart from this, you will see other types. This is the situation where the constitution is in place, where the written constitution is present in a certain form, where the constitution is in place, where the constitution is in place, where the authority of law has been established, when all these things are met together, then there is a region of association, but I am silencing all those issues here. Since I am concerned about reaching to the answer of that question, that is why I am preparing the same path, which has reached to that question quickly. So the federal system, since it has the principle of distribution of power, that is, the distribution of powers. So usually, if we talk about America or India, how the distribution of powers has been made in the form of power? In the central and the state, the central and the state are not there. The central and the state are not there, you will see the distribution of powers here. Okay, second thing. Since we are seeing 300 forms in the federal system, which one? Union-type federal system, which we call as SHANG, second, Federation-type federal system, which we call as PARISANG, and third, Confederation-type federal system, Mahashang. Now think about it. These are the three federal systems, that is, the three federal systems. Suppose a country says that the nature of my state or the constitution of my country, the nature of that is the nature of union. So again, what is the relationship between union and nature? From the collective nature. From the collective nature, what is the main form? The distribution of power, the distribution of power, the distribution of power, second, if a country says that we have a federation here, then again, whose answer is the federation? The basis of union and nature, what is the basis of union? The distribution of powers of the central and the state, then you will see the distribution of powers here as well. If someone says that I have a confederal system here, that is, Mahashang is the primary system. So again, Mahashang is the primary system. Whom does it belong to? Like the basis of union. What is its basis? Distribution of power. Okay. Look here. Sorry. What will you be able to get here in union? What will you be able to get in union? Distribution of power. What will you be able to get in federation? Distribution of power. What will you be able to get in confederation, that is, Mahashang? Distribution of power. Clear? The distribution of powers. Now see. Sorry. I will move on to the next page. Shang, Parishang, Mahashang. Union, federation and confederation. And let me tell you one thing. These are for those students who are preparing for UPPCS. And UPPCS is in the batch of men's, right? Or UPPCS pre-commence. Whatever you say. That is, the admission in the batch of PCS is equal. These are not for them. They give the tests of one day at home. Because it will be a little difficult for them. And I do not think that it is necessary to get a strong mind here. Everyone has their own limit of their mind. So the students who are preparing for one day type exam. Either they can understand it. It is a good thing and they cannot understand it. So we will try to make it far away from this. Because there is no need to go beyond the limits. It is not necessary. You will have to influence it. Right? See. Because all three are helpless. Whom does it come in? The federal system. Federal system. Shange Pralali. And the federal system. What is the distribution of power? The distribution of power. And where does the distribution of power come in? In the center and in the states. In the central and in the states. See. Now the question arises. The whole game is based on the idea of distribution of power. So in all words, we understand that if we talk about distribution. Then how can distribution be done? Distribution or division. So see. Whenever you talk about distribution. Distribution can be done in three ways. Do you understand what I mean? Distribution can be done in three ways. Suppose there are two people. X and Y. Okay? Suppose you have to distribute something in X and Y. Okay? So how many vehicles do you have? See. You will have the first vehicle. That you distribute X, Y, less. Is this distribution possible? Second. Give X and Y equal to each other. Is this distribution of X and Y equal to each other? Third. You distribute Y in X and Y equal to each other. Is distribution done again? So distribution means that it is not equal to each other. Do you understand this much? Yes. Often the norm of partnership. The standard of the society. It runs like this. The contribution and share of which is divided according to the profit. So these three forms of distribution can be done. Is there any other form of distribution? Think about it yourself. No. Now see. This federal system is based on the idea of distribution of power. And this distribution of power is given to anyone. If you look at the central, central and central states. The central and central states. If we remove X and Y and write the center and states on their place. So tell me. How many ways can the central and central states be divided? Again these are the three ways. It is possible to give the center more than the state. This is also possible. The center and the state are divided equally. Or it is also possible to give the state more than the center. So distribution of power between the center and the state can be done in these three forms. Now see. Even if there is a separation of powers in any form. But this is the case that there is a separation of powers. And in the state system. The separation of powers has been fixed. By closing eyes, the state system will be able to establish a cooperative state system. However, there should be more information about this. As I told you. In the state system or in the state system. The separation of powers is done. This is the basic system. Along with this, there should be a written system in that state. There should be some difficult system in the system in that state. That is, there should be no complete solution.  Then you can say that the system should be there. It means that the constitution should be there in the state. You know the meaning of the constitution being the supreme law of the land. See, the constitution being the supreme law of the land. Simply meant that if any other law is made by the legislative authority of that country. That law must be in tight conformity with the provisions enshrined in the constitution of that country. That means why the constitution will be called the supreme law of the land. That is because the law of the country is made by the legislative authority of that country. If any new law is made. Then that law will be made in the form of a legislative authority. When it is enshrined with the provisions enshrined in the constitution. It is enshrined in the form. If the law is enshrined, the constitution will be enshrined. The law is enshrined in the form. The constitution is enshrined in the form. This is the reason why the constitution is always referred to as the supreme law of the land. The upticks law of the land. I hope you might be understanding it. Union type of constitutional law is the constitution of the land. Otherwise, the relationship between the centre and the state is based on the distribution of power. Second, the separation of the constitution from the centre and the state. Then the relationship between the centre and the state is based on the distribution of power. Third, in Confederation, you will see the Central-State relationship, r slash p means relationship. And what will be the basis of this relationship? Distribution of power. But here you have to understand a new thing. Where the union type federal system will be there, the relationship of the center and the state, which is to be heard on the basis of distribution of power, distribution of power will be something like this. The power of the center will be greater than the power of the state. Clear? The power of the center will be greater than the power of the state. Second thing, where the union type federal system will be, where the union type federal system will be, that is, when we give the result of distribution of power in the Central-State relationship, the distribution of power will be equal to the power of the center and the state. Third, what will happen in Confederation? Confederation, let me tell you, the state is strengthened in the center. More power than the center will be given to the states. So, you see, there is distribution of power in the three of them, that is, the three federal systems are misled. Second thing, where the union type federal system will be, that is, the union type federal system will be, that is, the union type federal system will be, that is, the union type federal system will be misled. Third thing, distribution of power is divided into different forms. So, in these three systems you are also watching, who is the distribution of power and whose are the activities Nobody was done. The center is the center of Rajis, it is the center of state. Let me tell you, it is Activated mer Mosque in India and in America. The pattern that you see, This is the kind of communication that is more powerful in the country where we call it union type communication or union type communication. The question is only here, federal system. It is not about the inside, it is open. If it was open, then it would have been different in the union, but indirectly you are also telling about the difference in the union. Why? Because in India, this is the same situation. And in America, this is known as the union type communication. So, let's see where the foundation of the question comes from. Now, you don't think that the union will start from here? The union type communication is very similar. You can say that in India, the center is more powerful than the center of the country. What will we say in America? The center and the state take advantage of equality. Clear? Clear? Now, our concern is not confederation. When I will read the topic fresh, I will talk to these three. But now, I am moving towards that question. And to open that question, I am giving the same concept to those who are directly involved in that question. That is why you must have seen that I skipped some things at the beginning. I am doing it here too. Now, you forget confederation from here. Let's talk about these two. This situation is of India. And this situation is of America. You see, there is a federation in America, which is a part of the federal system. There is a union in India. There is a union which is a part of the federal system. What is the difference between these two federal systems? So, the first difference is that India is more powerful than the center of the country. The second difference is that the center is in the state of the United States. Second, the center in India, which was the center of the states, which has been established by the powers, was not done by this intention that the center has such a condition that the states can be provided with powers. Do you understand what I am saying? Basically, the powers of the states were provided by the constitution So that the administration of the country can be established in a decent manner. The main motive was this. Because like India, the international and geographically illiterate country, The government administration of the state can only be possible when the administration of the country Along with the central administration, the central administration will also have to raise one eye. Right? Or raise one eye. So let's see. The distribution of power between the central and the state is not done on the basis of any understanding. Understanding is not done on the basis of understanding. In America, the distribution of power between the central and the state is done on the basis of understanding. That is, it is based on legal agreement. Understanding is not done on the basis of understanding. So your mind can have a question. When in India, the relationship between the central and the state, which is the result of their relationship, If it is not the result of any understanding, then at what basis are these two connected? Look, the central and the state here can be connected to one another on the basis of understanding. It means that the state in India cannot be separated from the central. Even in America, this state cannot be separated from the central. Because the bond between them is legal agreement. Secondly, there is no doubt that the bond between the central and the state is not based on legal agreement. But everything is not legal. The bond is also something. So our relationship with the central and the state is connected to the basis of understanding. What is the basis of understanding? Now, whether you call this their compulsion or whatever you call it, Suppose there are two people, right?  What does that mean? Suppose, imagine yourself in your own example. Suppose you have a complete structure on a person for all kinds of needs. Now think about it. Will you be able to oppose the other person? No. You have only one choice. What is it? Even if you do not want it, you will have to be consistent with the other person. Because if he separates you from himself, then your existence will be in danger. In the Hindustani system, the state of the states is somehow established with the central. That is, states cannot secede themselves away from the union or from the center. If they do so, they will surely lose their very existence. If the state tries to separate from the central, then try to understand that they are going to put their existence in danger. That is, the state needs all kinds of needs, needs of work, needs of separation, needs of justice, needs of the most important, needs of the most important. For all of these purposes, the central is in danger. So the important thing is that the states have been given less power. The central is more powerful.  First of all, we have one constitution. And what is the name of that constitution? India's constitution, the constitution of India. There are two constitutions in America. America's constitutional constitution, the federal constitution and all the states in the United States, let me tell you in America, there are 50 states. 50 states have their own constitution. In India, through the same constitution, not only the whole country, but also the state's constitutional constitution has been written in the same constitution. That is, along with the central, the states' constitutional constitution will be written in the same constitution, the constitution of India. It is not like that in America. If the federal issues that are directly related to the distribution of power, are removed, then the state has to deal with it with its own constitution, in its own territory. The constitution is ruled by its own constitution. There is a concept of single unified judiciary in India. There is the rule of the United States, where there is a rule of the constitution. And there is the rule of the constitution at the bottom. There is the rule of the central, or there is no rule of the constitution. America is always like that. The federal court of America only keeps the federal issues in mind. Whereas in Hindustan, if we talk about the Supreme Court of Appeal, it is the highest court of appeal. So if the power of the Supreme Court of America and the Indian Supreme Court of Appeal, If we pay attention to Tullatma, then we will be able to see that the Supreme Court of Hindustan is more powerful than the Supreme Court of America. Why is the Supreme Court of America less powerful? Because the power of the Supreme Court of America is shared with the state-owned authorities. There is no such provision in India. You can see that. Second thing, the single citizenship in Hindustan. You will always be the citizen of India, not the citizen of any particular province or state. You might be the resident of a state, but not the citizen of that state. But this is not the case in the USA. In USA, there prevails dual citizenship. One, the citizenship of the entire USA and other, the citizenship of respective states. So there is dual citizenship. One is of the centre and the other is of the different states. On 31st of October, 2019, the same thing happened with Jammu Kashmir in Hindustan. Jammu Kashmir people used to be the citizens of India. On the other hand, Jammu Kashmir people used to be the citizens of India. Jammu Kashmir's citizenship was written under the rule of the state-owned authorities. Jammu Kashmir's political status changed with the rule of the state-owned authorities.  So you have to write it in 155 words. You don't think that all the words here are more than 125 words. Second thing, since you have asked about the citizenship, what kind of citizenship is it? We have seen it in the judicial aspect. You will see it in the legislative and executive aspect. So you can see the status there as well. The centre is different. People of different powers rise up there. Whereas in Hindustan, the centre is more powerful. Even in the form of a political party, which is known as executive. One more thing. The state-owned authorities in India are the citizens of the country. What happens in India? The state-owned authorities are the citizens of India. Parliamentary form of government. Whereas in America, I used the wrong word. The state-owned authorities don't use the state-owned authorities. How is the state-owned government in America? The state-owned authorities are the citizens of India. This is a bit of a different story. In the constitution, we understand that the state-owned authorities are the citizens of India. Although you don't have to mention it. If you elaborate it, the constitution will be in the 300 words. So just you have to make a mention of the different forms of government prevailing in both the countries. Like in India, there exists the parliamentary form of government. And in the USA, there exists the presidential form of government. Okay. So look. In India and in the USA. What is the state-owned government in India? The state-owned government is the parliamentary form of government. What will happen here? Presidential form of government. Now look. The parliamentary form of government. So the three organs of the government are legislative, executive, executive, and judiciary. When we observe the separation of power, we will see that the degree of separation of power in India, that is the degree of power in America, will be less.  The three organs of the government are legislative, executive, and judiciary. The separation of power degree will be more. In India, the separation of power degree will be less in America. So separation of power. This is a topic. This is basically a lesson. A French philosopher, a French person, is considered a Montesquieu. He wanted to say that the separation of power in the government should be carried out. There are two benefits to this. First, if we do this, then the government will not be able to do anything. Second, the citizens of the country will be able to protect the citizens of the country. They will be able to protect them. So with these two benefits, the doctrine of separation of power was produced or was propounded by Montesquieu. Anyway, here I am talking about the parliamentary form of government and the presidential form of government. We will listen to everything. Legislative and executive in the parliamentary form of government, means the separation of power, the separation of power. These two elements of government cannot be completely separated. That is, legislative and executive form of government are met by each other. In the legislative and the judiciary, you can see the separation. You can see the separation. You can see the separation in the executive and the judiciary. But in the legislative and the executive form, you will not be able to feel the separation. The reason for separation is that the members of the executive form are taken from the legislative form. Now, the members of the executive form have been taken from the legislative form. So the important thing is that they will have to respond to the legislative form in any way. And until they get the trust of the legislative form, then they will be able to maintain their status or their status will be in danger. I am telling you a small example. All the parliamentarians in India are members of the executive form. Now, one of them is the leader of the government of Bahumut or Bahumut. And in this way, he is the Prime Minister of the country. And he presides over one of his ministers. And he presides over the ministers in his ministry. Now, the minister of the Prime Minister's ministry is the leader of the country. He is the political leader. If you look at it according to the officials, I have used the political leader. Because the power of the leader of the country is in the hands of the president. Which you know because of the way it is. You will also see that the minister's ministry is running. Anyway, I am talking. I do not want to take it to another level. So you can say that the most political leader of the minister is the minister. The most political leader of the country is the Prime Minister of the country. Now, do you know that the minister of India is being answered by the public towards Lok Sabha. They would have to remain collectively responsible towards the lower house of the parliament. That is the Lok Sabha. And the other thing is that till they get the trust of Lok Sabha, Till then their situation will remain the same. If Lok Sabha showed them no confidence, Then the council of ministers would be collapsed. Let us see how they are connected to each other. This cannot be separated. The government of this government of the assembly of the state of the state is the most remarkable. If we talk about the presidential form of government, If the government of the state of the state of the state of the state, Then we will pay attention. Legislative and executive in both of them have a change. It means that when the government's chief minister is there, when he will be the minister, then he must not invite the members of the U.S. Congress and give them the portfolios. No. He can do whatever he wants in his ministry and he can do whatever he wants. Why should a person not be the chief minister? I am going to give you an example. A legal practitioner can be called from outside and give a law ministry or a ministry minister. Even if a Vita minister or an Aartha Shastri can be appointed as a minister. But it is not the case in India. You can be appointed as a minister in India only when you are a member of the House of Parliament. If you have come from outside, you can be a minister for at least 6 months. After that, you will have to take the position of the House of Parliament. Whether it is the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha. Otherwise, you will not be able to be appointed as a minister. This is not the case here. So tell me. So this was one aspect. The House of Parliament and the House of Parliament. Now look at the second aspect in both these aspects. In the House of Parliament, there are two heads. That is, there are two heads. Whereas in the House of Parliament, there is a single head. The head of a House of Parliament. Now look, a government head is in the House of Parliament. It is the head of the House of Parliament. Now look at the House of Parliament in India. It is the head of the House of Parliament and the prime minister. and who is the president of India? the president of India, the president of India but in the half-situation we will keep the government's main focus plus the president of India both of them are one person and who is the president? the president of the USA so you can see this one second debate all these debates are based on your concept now look the constitution of India is written and the constitution of America is also written there is no doubt in this but the question is does the constitution of both of us also give any opinion? so you can see there is a difference so look even in India you can see the written constitution written constitution you will get it in the USA written constitution both of them are written but when it comes to the constitutional provisions constitutional provisions i.e. the constitutional provisions so you can see the three types of provisions of any constitution three types of provisions look either and what is any constitution? let me tell you it is written constitution because in both countries it is written constitution WC means written constitution written so look the provisions of any written constitution there are three types of provisions 1. totally rigid 2. totally flexible 3. rigid plus flexible both now look total rigid means total is total is total is total is totally flexible means that means which is in informal language which is in informal language the third which is mixed which means because prior to rigid 1. non-nometer plus i.e. Anamwetha is Anamwetha's Misrar, is it okay? Anamwetha is Anamwetha's Misrar, is it clear? you tell me, if we talk about the constitution of India, then Indian constitution comes in the third category i.e. our constitution is so rigid provisions plus flexible provisions are both of the amazing Misrar now you will have to understand what the difference is in these provisions look, first of all let's talk about the constitution constitution is always amendable constitution is always amendable i.e. according to the changes in the constitution it is always amendable that's why it is said that constitutions can never go static they are always dynamic the constitution of any country can never be static it will always be rigid, clear? second thing, the constitution will always be not amendable but in order to amend the constitution you can see the differences there are some such provisions or there are some such provisions of the constitution which are easily amended so the provisions of the constitution which can be easily amended we call them flexible provisions in the name and the way provisions of the constitution in order to amend the constitution you have to face difficulties i.e. those who are not easily amended they are called flexible provisions in the name of the constitution and think about it what I wrote here that a constitution which is flexible in the name of the constitution means that any of the provisions of the constitution will not be easily amended but it does not mean that it will not be amended it can be amended but the constitution's nature will be very rigid look, any constitution which is flexible in the name of the constitution any provision of it will be easily amended third, the name of the constitution can be amended in the name of the constitution like the constitution of India so when we amend the constitution of such provisions then we will see that some provisions which will be easily amended but some provisions which will be easily amended which will not be easily amended it will be amended but we have to face the flexible provisions so in India these two types of provisions are available but in America the constitution which is flexible it is totally rigid so let me tell you one difference the American constitution is flexible both the provisions are flexible it is clear now let's come to another point think about it the constitution of this country is flexible it means that through the constitution of that country through the parliament of that country let me say it in my own language because we call the constitution of India as parliament and we call America's constitution as congress ok so the important thing is think about it if the constitution of a country is flexible then you don't think that in changing conditions or in changed circumstances if the constitution of that country is able to change the constitution then it won't be easily amended and when it won't be easily amended and believe me, this is the point of time that if the constitution of this constitution is necessary to change the constitution then who will be in this condition then the parliament of that country will change the constitution and according to that we will be able to change the constitution according to the constitution so somewhere wherever the rigid constitution is the parliament of that country is very flexible so you will say that the degree of justice in America will be more than that of Nisande Bharat do you understand what I am saying will be more than that of Bharat will be more than that of America and one more thing the constitution of America is very small the constitution of Bharat is very heavy now the constitution of America is very small what does it mean that whatever the constitution is given there is absolutely good when you elaborate on one provision when you expand it then it will be very effective that is, the constitution of Bharat in India all the constitution has been mentioned in an expanded manner that many constitution are easily understood so the constitution of Nehapalika or otherwise it does not have to be expanded some of our constitution also has a sense where for their interpretation for the constitution Nehapalika has to come forward and Nehapalika comes forward and she does the constitution and through Nehapalika that means through the constitution the constitution is done for the last time it is believed for everyone so we also have Nehapalika has a constitution that will show the degree of judicial activism but less in America so it can be said that the degree of judicial activism is in greater amount in the USA as comparison to that in India so one difference you can also see in this manner all the constitution you will get to see the state of Bharat in America do you understand what I mean for example in the constitution of Bharat when the president of Bharat has to be removed from the constitution so for that we get Mahabhiyog we get impeachment even in America to remove the president of America impeachment is brought but mode of impeachment which is followed in the USA is entirely different to what existed in India in the global constitution I will teach you when I will discuss comparative studies in the USA and in India so this is the difference secondly Mahabhiyog in India is used only for the interpretation of the president when in America Mahabhiyog's practice is not only used to remove the president but to remove the judges to remove the civil servants to remove the president to remove the president to remove the president Mahabhiyog is brought in so now I hope that not 125 but 1250 you can write down this you will see in this manner how we read the topic while we have read the topic in all forms you must have seen I had omitted the confederation I did not discuss unitary and quasi-federal I did not dictate I did not discuss I directly moved towards this question so I will tell you this is a ban through which you will be able to understand that in the classroom the discussion on the topic will be in which form I hope you understand the better and according to that you will take the right decision thank you so much


Welcome to OAuth in five minutes, a series where we deep dive on various topics around OAuth in just five short minutes. I'm your host Aaron Parecki and let's get right into it. Today we're going to talk about what OAuth is and why we even have it in the first place. As a developer new to OAuth it's often not obvious why it's so complicated and why there are so many steps involved. And as the app developer maybe you could just take the password and exchange it for a login credential somehow. Well it turns out that's exactly how it used to work before OAuth. So it used to be that when you go try out a new Twitter app you would download the app enter your Twitter password it would go then log in as you and then you could use the app. It probably also had to store your password so that it could use it again later the next time you launch the app. Now it's one thing for a Twitter app to do this because you probably kind of trust the Twitter app developer but it's a whole different story when it's for something like when Yelp asks you for your Gmail password to go find your contacts. It seems unrealistic now but yes this is an actual example of how this used to work on the web. This used to be pretty normal you would land on a new website like Yelp it would ask you for your Gmail password it would then go use your Gmail password to download all your contacts and see if your friends were already using Yelp. Hopefully the app wouldn't hang on to your password but there was really no guarantee of that. This is obviously bad for many reasons which we understand now. You would never give your email password to a random third-party app right? But people are happily doing this they were happily handing over their passwords to Yelp or even Facebook. Yes this is a real screenshot from Facebook so even now as developers who understand this is a bad pattern and we really shouldn't be encouraging users to do this turns out we can't actually stop users from doing this because they just want the end result of whatever this app was promising in this case to find their friends. And users will do whatever it takes to get there including handing over their password to really shady apps. Instead we need to find a solution for users to actually accomplish this goal without having them have to give their passwords over to these random applications. So that was the original goal OWAS set out to solve. How can we let an application access the user's data without having the user have to give it their password? So a bunch of people from a bunch of different companies got together to try to solve this and created what eventually became known as OWAS and it was adopted quickly by a whole bunch of different APIs and now virtually any service with an API on it supports OWAS for this purpose. So the main way OWAS keeps users secure is by forcing them to enter their password in only one place at the OWAS server. So if you're logging into an application with your Google account you don't enter your password into the application you enter it on Google. Same with Twitter if you log into a Twitter app you don't enter your password into that application you get sent over to Twitter and you enter your password there. I'm going to save the specifics of how this works for a different video later in the series but the general idea is that instead of asking the user for their password in the application itself the app sends the user off to the OWAS server they enter their password there and then they come back. And of course that process is entirely automated so what the user really sees is they're using the application they click a button they enter their password and then they're logged in. But the key thing here is that separation where the user is sent off of the application away from the app over to the OWAS server and then they come back separately. That is the particular feature of OWAS that keeps users' passwords safe because users are never then entering their password into the application directly. But here's where it gets interesting. OWAS was originally created with the goal of protecting users from third-party applications. But it turns out it's actually a lot more useful in a whole bunch of different cases as well. It makes sense you'd want to protect users from third-party app developers because of course Twitter can't actually guarantee that every developer on the platform is behaving well. But what if you're an organization building apps on top of your own API? And it turns out that OWAS is also useful in that first-party case as well. And that's why you see things like Google going all in on OWAS where no matter what Google app you're signing into you always get sent over to their OWAS server to log in. Try it. If you go to gmail.com and click sign in you don't enter your password on gmail. You enter your password on accounts.google.com. Same with YouTube. If you sign into YouTube you don't type in your Gmail password into YouTube. So what's interesting to me is that the same reasons that we want to protect users from third-party apps is actually also true here as well even in the first-party app scenario. If you as an organization are sending all of your users to your OWAS server to log in you get a lot of benefits as well. For starters it means that you don't actually have to trust all the developers across all of your teams to handle passwords properly. I'm sure you trust your developers but people make mistakes and the last thing you want to deal with is discovering that an application has been logging passwords in a text file for months. So by having one place users enter passwords it means you have just one place and one team that has to worry about security around passwords. It also reduces the attack surface of your system as a whole. Imagine if users are entering their passwords on a whole bunch of different applications. An attacker now has a whole bunch of different places to go to attempt to steal passwords. If they can break into just one of those apps they can start sniffing for passwords. But here's the one I'm really excited about and why I think it makes sense to always use OAuth for everything. Once you centralize the place users log in you now have only one place to go to add things like multi-factor authentication. So let's say you've been using SMS multi-factor authentication for a while but side note you probably shouldn't and that's a different story. But now let's say you want to go use a more secure method like using the Google Authenticator app. If everyone's always going through your OAuth server to log in it means you only have one place to go to add that and now all of a sudden every application in your ecosystem benefits. That sounds a lot easier to me than having to go around to every application you've built and add multi-factor support to each one. So let's recap what we just covered. OAuth was originally created for third-party apps to access APIs in a way that didn't need the user to give their passwords to these applications. Organizations realized there was a lot of benefit to this pattern even for first-party applications and started using OAuth in their own applications and even internally within an organization. You can get a lot of security benefits by using OAuth across all your applications and avoid relying on passwords everywhere. And that is our five minutes. Thanks so much for watching. I hope this has been useful. As always give us video a thumbs up if you found it helpful and subscribe for more videos like this. Thanks so much and I will see you in the next one.


FNN, headline news update. Good morning everybody, I'm Tommy O'Brien, coming to you live from TFNN headquarters in St. Petersburg, Florida. It's Monday, last Monday of the year, end of the decade, 9 a.m. Eastern time, 30 minutes to go until the opening bell. And what's new, markets in positive territory, why not spend a banner year in 2019 almost setting some records in the S&P, we're up about 29% right now, 29.25% for the year to be exact. Right now, starting Monday off, S&P futures up four points, trading at 32.41, NASDAQ futures up nine, trading at 87.92, that's NASDAQ 100, Dow futures up 30 points, trading at 28,640. We've got some action at oil, got some action in bonds as well, the 10-year yield, sitting at 1.937%. We'll start things off, let's check out the VIX this morning. VIX trading at 13.89, pretty interesting to see some volatility priced into the market with the S&P, basically about nine or 10 points off the all-time high. We'll jump over to the charts, we'll start things off with the indices, we'll start things off with the Dow 30, Dow 30 trading 28,639. We almost made it to 28,600 this morning, we're about 40 points off of that low, NASDAQ 100, 87.89, you back things up overnight Sunday evening, we're at as high as 88.09, S&P 500, trading at 32.41, crude oil, as I said, getting a bid above $62, the price of crude trading at $62.18, been quite a year for crude as well to the positive side. There's your gold contract, holding steady, gold at 15.1549, been a nice couple weeks for the price of gold, back above 1500 for the first time in a couple months, and the Euro-US dollar trading just under 112.111.96, terms of what else you have happening in the market, as I mentioned it, bonds with some action, 10-year yield topping 1.9 percent as December rate rise continues, and to pull up a chart of that bond, this is going to be delayed, because as you can see, there is your run, even early this morning you see the run from about 1.87 percent almost at midnight, you're now sitting 1.935 percent on the 10-year treasury. What else you have fundamentally in the market, not really a news event, day before New Year's Eve, but how about Disney? The rise of Skywalker this weekend, taking in some additional funds, Disney now accounting for nearly 40 percent of the 2019 box office, that pretty much priced in though, you can see Disney looking to open about 25 cents in the positive at 146 after quite a year for Disney, of course Disney plus their streaming service beginning as well. Stay tuned folks, Larry Pizzamento at 9, coming back at 10, live programming all day at TF9, we'll be right back.