My name is Otto Keka Lainen and I came all the way from Finland to enjoy the snow-free land you have here which is very warm and nice for me. So this is the last talk for today, but it's packed with useful information, how many of you are developers? Wow, almost everybody, so this is super important and useful and concrete information for developers Ja myös ihmisiä, jotka on yksityisellä yksityisellä, voivat yksityisellä yksityisellä yksityisellä yksityisellä yksityisellä yksityisellä. Ja olen already published my slides online, ja voit nähdä my Twitter handle there. So if you follow me on Twitter, you can find the links to the slides. So you don't need to make any notes or anything. You can just look at the slides, which are already online. All right, so I've been using Linux for since like 1999, and I love open source, and I like going around the world in conferences, teaching best practices to people, and I also like to contribute and participate in open source, and I call myself a full stack developer, meaning that I code in JavaScript, in PHP, and then in a few other languages, so that I also participate in improving like Redis and Nginx and Meridibi and Linux, the kernel and so on. So I'm a true full stack developer. And currently I work as the CEO for Ceravo. He's a very technical CEO for Ceravo, and Ceravo is a company, it's not a digital agency, it's a pure hosting and upkeep company, so we have our background in Linux server maintenance, and at Ceravo we manage hundreds of, actually we have like 1,500 customers, and we manage their enterprise grade, WordPress sites taking care of security and performance and everything so that they run smoothly, and we have lots of experience regarding scalability and performance. So the background of WordPress, it's hugely popular. I just read that something like 29% of all websites online currently run WordPress, and the success factors, at least I think so, is that WordPress is very easy to use, it's easy for the end user, at least if you compare with other publishing systems like SharePoint or UUMLA or Drupal or whatever, WordPress is very easy to use compared to those, and also from a developer's point of view it's very easy, if you want to make your own custom team, at minimum you can make just one style.css file, and then you have your own team, and it's very easy to take WordPress and adapt it and use plugins, and it's quite easy if you're a PHP developer or HTML or CSS JavaScript developer to make your own teams and stuff and get WordPress to do useful things for you. So easy to use and easy to extend in my opinion is the reasons why WordPress is so popular. And then there are also some very common problems related to WordPress. One is security. I'm quite sure all of you have seen lots of news here and there for a long time about security issues in WordPress. Well, at the moment I don't think at least WordPress core doesn't have security issues, but traditionally this is something people are very concerned about and it's something newspapers like to write about. And then a second common challenge with WordPress is its performance. People usually, or quite often you see developers install like 60 plugins on their WordPress site and then they ruin the performance and so on. So these are two fields that needs education and maybe some technical improvement as well. And these are also two fields that if you go online you will find endless and endless amounts of guides and tutorials and blog posts. They are usually titled something like 10 things to do to improve your WordPress performance or 10 things to do to fix your WordPress security. And most of the time they recommend that you install more and more plugins. And I don't like those because most of them contain wrong advice. They are not meant, those articles are not being written to truly serve the reader. They have been written just as a clickbait or something like that. So I've done lots of mid-busting around WordPress security with this talk and showed a sensible way how to approach WordPress security. By the way, the timer is not on here, so I still have 30 minutes left. But now today I'm not going to talk about security, I'm going to talk about mid-busting WordPress performance issues. So instead of just saying recommending 10 plugins to install and then your WordPress performance is solved I'm going to explain what is my approach to WordPress performance. And the most important thing is that you need to be able to measure the performance. You can't just randomly try out, read some blog post that recommends you to do 10 things and then you do those 10 things and then you expect that you have solved a problem. You can't just randomly do that. If you're very lucky it might solve your problem but usually you're not. So you shouldn't follow advice like that. Instead you should have a systematic approach that first you need to figure out how to measure the speed of your site then you need to figure out something to improve and then you need to measure again to validate that you actually improve the performance that you actually made a change that matters. And then you need to do this over and over again. Rinse and repeat. So the step one is to measure. This is the most important step because people usually completely ignore this step or measure the wrong things. So you need to, before you start improving anything you need to establish a baseline. How fast is your website at the moment? Sometimes people even when they read these blogs online that 10 things to improve your WordPress performance sometimes they even make their sites perform worse but they don't understand it. They don't notice that because they didn't measure before and after. But what you should do is measure before and after. So there's lots of easy to use tools online. How many of you have been using webpagetest.org? That's my own favorite. There's also lots of others like GTmetrics and Pingdomtools and so on. And these tools are easy to use. You don't need to install it. Anything you just go to a website. They're free to use. At least the basic versions are free to use. And they do a nice job of visualizing what they find from your website and what they measure. And these all measure the full page load. But now when I'm talking about WordPress then we are actually not interested in the full page load because that includes CSS and JavaScript and such things which are not specific to WordPress. But what is the thing that is specific to WordPress? That is how quickly the WordPress PHP code base can produce the HTML file which is sent to the browser. So if you're using, for example, webpagetest then you can see that here's the arrow. That's the step you're interested in. That's WordPress and PHP code that's responsible for how many milliseconds that step takes. That's the thing to measure. And my favorite way to quickly measure this is to use curl. How many of you know curl? Wow, quite a lot. Good. So it's a simple command line tool and you can use it from your own laptop or even better you can SSH in to your web server and then use curl from there because if you are measuring with curl the speed from your own web server then you completely eliminate network lag and you measure purely how fast is your own server and the PHP. And this is the command to run. Is somebody familiar with a command like this? Did you know that you can use curl to measure the speed of a response? A few hands are racing. So to most of you this is a new thing. Good. So this is how the command looks like and you can look later on online the slides and copy-paste this command to your own website. So what this command does, runs curl, it directs the actual output to null so it doesn't show you the HTML stuff. The only thing it prints out is the total time it took for curl to connect to the server and download the content. Sometimes if you have a professional hosting environment with front proxy caches and stuff then your site when you're querying with curl might not always come from PHP. You might have a proxy in front so then you can add this pragma no cache header. You put a capital H and then the HTTP header text there and then it will burst all the caches and always fetch the result from the server from PHP. This pragma no cache, it's a standard thing. For example if you press F5 in your browser your browser will send this pragma no cache to the server when it reloads a page. So this is a standard thing. And then of course you might have some random variation. There might be something in your code that sometimes is executed and sometimes not so it might vary how quickly the page is generated or you might have a busy server that there are some other processes interfering so you get the variable result. So to get a result which is easy to compare and reliable to compare you need to run it for a while and then see what the average was. And here is a simple bash loop to do that. First you define that you have standard US locale so that you get your numbers with the dot in a standardized way. And then you have a for loop which will loop 20 times. You can change that number to whatever you want. And then it will run the same curl example I just showed but it will loop it over and over for 20 times. And then when it's done it will pipe the result to AUK which is a command line tool for doing calculations. And then this thing will add the speed and then calculate the average. And in this example the average was 137 milliseconds. Also another way, if you are using curl this obviously requires that you know what is the exact URL you are testing and most of the time you are probably just testing the front page. Sometimes you might have a performance issue that is not visible on the front page but it's related to producing some sub page. And to catch that you can either do some scripting magic to loop all your pages with curl or if you have a good server environment you can for example in NGINX you can log the request time in your HTTP log. And here's an example. If you look like this you will get here how many milliseconds NGINX took to deliver the result and that's visible because here's a custom additional field in the NGINX configuration. How many of you are using NGINX? Maybe a little bit over half. How many of you are using Apache? Yeah, that's very popular as well. My own favorite is NGINX and I think Apache has something similar but this example is for NGINX. You can log real actual usage data on how fast your different pages were delivered to visitors. And then if you have a log like this you can then further analyze it with something. For example my own favorite is Go access. And in Go access if you analyze an access log it will print out these columns which are zoomed in here. So this means the average time it took to, this is the average time for any URL on your site and then this is for the most popular if the table is ordered by this column. And then you have something called cumulative time which will calculate for the same URL all the time in a cumulative fashion how much your server spent delivering that URL. So if you, in this example actually the table is ordered by the cumulative time spent delivering certain pages then you can find which pages consumes most of your server time and then you can focus on the top ones to optimize them to get your total server kind of resources decreased. How many of you have heard about Go access before? Yeah, a few people. So this is pretty neat. All right, so here was some ways to measure how fast your PHP is. Then the next step is to optimize. Here's a quick and dirty way to do it. How many of you use VPCLI? I think everybody should raise their hand next year because it's great. You can do lots of things with it very quickly and you can script it and so on. And here's an example of scripting VPCLI. So sometimes the project doesn't have a budget to fix like improve PHP code. You just want to have a quick and dirty improvement in speed and with this CLI loop you can deactivate one plugin at a time and then measure how fast the site is. So here it will list all the plugins that are active for your site. Then it will echo the name of the plugin. Then it will deactivate it and then for five times it will run curl and then it will activate it again and then continue which means that it will take the next plugin and do the same thing. So the output will look like this. Here we have... This is the script running. So here we have one plugin that got deactivated and then curl is run five times and you can see that it takes about 500 milliseconds to load the page. Then that plugin is activated back again and then it goes to the next plugin. Here Advanced Custom Fields Pro as an example and then when that is deactivated it takes 60 milliseconds to load the page and then this plugin is activated again and then the next plugin is deactivated and then it's back to about 500 milliseconds. So this reveals that this one single plugin deactivating it will significantly decrease the loading time of this page. So this is a quick and dirty way to find out which is your slowest plugin. Then if you want to do some more in-depth you can use the debug bar. So in WordPress.org there's a whole bunch of plugins which contain this debug bar in their name and you can install them and after installing them you will get this debug bar and then a varying amount of plugins to this plugin different pages which will then tell different things about your site when it has been loading. I think that for example the plugin called Query Monitor is quite popular and widely used. However that has the problem that it tells you what function or what part of the site is slow but it doesn't quite seldom translates to something actionable, something that you could actually fix. So the best way and the most precise way to find bottlenecks in PHP code and in WordPress is to use X-debug. How many of you have heard about X-debug before? Wow, almost everybody. Well I hope you will learn something new anyway. So X-debug is a tool which will instrument PHP in a way that every time a PHP function is called it will log which function was called and how long it took to execute. And visually this means that when you are starting WordPress when you are requesting a WordPress page it will first load index.php and inside index.php it will run lots of functions and each one of those functions will then run lots of other functions and you will get this execution graph and you will know what function called what function and how many times and how long did it take. And to install X-debug here's the example how to do it if your server is running Debian or Ubuntu and one note is that this makes your site very very slow because it instruments every single PHP function so don't do this in production this is something you should only do in a staging or development environment. So first you install this PHP plugin then you need to configure it's config file and enable it and then put this make sure you have these configurations in place this is the directory where your profiling files are going to this is the file name pattern they use and then here is this enable trigger which is very important and I will show you soon what the trigger is and once you have updated the configuration then you just restart PHP and then it's active and then to profile a page all you need to do is to append this get parameter to the request this is the trigger if the request has this get parameter then X-debug will activate and generate a profiling file so then when you run this you will notice that the page is much slower than usually and you will notice that in this location every request will generate a log file and this log file is a text file you could technically read it yourself but that's very inconvenient so what you want to do is install some kind of tool that makes a graphical representation of the log and my favorite is webgrind because you can install that on the server right where you are doing the profiling and you don't need to do anything special and it's very easy to install here are the commands you just clone the git repository it's PHP and then you install some libraries for it so it can do some graphs and if you are using the WordPress core development environment variant vagrants then X-debug is already pre-installed there and also if you are using some other vagrants for example our vagrant then X-debug is easy to enable there alright so after you've set up X-debug then you start profiling and this is how webgrind looks like when you open a profile file so here is the selection you can select which profiling file you want to analyze and here you can choose if you want to show milliseconds or percentage and then you will get here in this example I've chosen milliseconds and then these columns will show how many milliseconds these things took and then this percentage here will filter out some of the PHP functions so there's less results of the more minor PHP functions so it's not always that relevant for profiling but here I've set it to 98% and this table it has a few columns this color here is not an indication of speed in any way it's just an indication of what kind of function type it is here is the name of the function and then here is a sub table of all the functions that this function calls and then you have the invocation count is how many times that function was triggered and how long PHP is spent inside that function and then total inclusive cost means how much time PHP is spent inside that function and all that of its children so this is how you then track around your goal is to find some function which has a high total self cost that means that PHP is spent a lot of time inside that function and then that's the goal you want to optimize usually if you have a clean WordPress install you will see lots of these translation related functions and then in webgrind there is this search field you can use so either you can either you can sort the entire table used by the total self cost which will show you the slowest functions at the top or you can use the search feature to find some usual suspects which are might not be the slowest completely slowest function you have but which are often slow and sometimes quite easy to optimize some of the typical words you can put there is like load and open and curl and query then you will get lots of results related to file opening and especially if your code is opening with load or open and curl are opening some files from an external server this will show it up and here in the UI you also have this button show call graph and if you press that one then you will get this call graph and you can see in a visual manner how your code behaves and this is actually quite good not only for profiling but in general to understand what your code is actually doing because WordPress has so many hooks and actions and whatever that you might not have a clear picture of what your code is actually doing and looking at the call graph you will learn what it does so these colors here represent the time how much time is spent in each function and then the color and the width of this line represents how many time the call was made so when you go profiling what are some typical issues and how can you solve them so here is a table a profiling result which is sorted by the total self cost and this is I don't know if this is percentage or milliseconds I think this is probably percentage because the numbers are so low so here you can see that the MySQL query function included the highest total self cost but that is actually quite a logical thing because the database is most often the bottleneck in the application so you should when you are looking at your code the database function should be at the top and that is kind of normal behavior and then if you look at the other functions that are up here you will see the slowest ones but these are not perhaps that obvious what to optimize but here I've looked at the VPDB function get results of who is calling them and I can see here what this function is calling and then who has been calling this function and from here I find this function called avada upgrade clear Twitter widget transients so it turns out here is actually a very convenient button when you click on this icon a new window will pop up and it will show you the exact line in the code where this function exists so you can look what it's doing and when I did this I noticed this function here and I went looking at the code and it was about this avada team that did an upgrade check on every page load and that was completely unnecessary so I just commented it away and then the page was loading much faster and here's another typical thing so WordPress to start with it has its native get text implementation which is pretty slow so quite often in the profiling you see translation-related functions high up and then if you install this very popular translation plugin VPML it also usually ends up quite high and it does a lot of database queries and stuff which the WordPress own translation functions don't do so this usually creates a lot of so this usually leads to a slowdown of the site and if this is an issue then I recommend polylong which is another translation plugin which it doesn't have all the features as VPML but it's significantly faster then here's an example of the curl exec that was on the top of this profiling you probably don't see this text that well but here it reads PHP curl exec and then you can trace down who is calling it and it turns out so all of these are links which you can click so if you see here a function that is slow then you can just click what was the function it was called from and then drill down to the function that initiated it and then you will find what was the problem and in this case the problem was this line code which was slow in a plugin called leads use and the way to fix this was to use VP transients so you couldn't just disable this API call because it's relevant for the daily function of this plugin so what I did I wrapped it in a WordPress transient how many of you know what the WordPress transient is this is something every WordPress developer should learn it's super easy so this is this caching system built in caching system in WordPress it basically has just two functions it's super easy to use one is to set transient one function you give a name it's just key value here's the key here's the value and then what is the expiry time for that data and then it has a second function which is get and then just get by the key name so it get transient and set transient and this is how you use it that instead of always calling something that is slow and might not always even update so it's a good target for caching you just wrap this around so you just first check do you have it cached already if you have it then use that value instead and if the cache is empty then only then you make the actual call to an external server and then you save that result and the next time this page is called if it's within one hour it will find the cached version and sometimes you have a piece of code that doesn't run on every single request so what you can do in that case is that you can run your your xDbug profiling in a for loop in this example I've done it for a hundred times and then you print out the time how long it takes and then you will see that most of the time it stays at the baseline but every now and then it is slower for some random reason and then if you go looking at the files then you will find some files which are significantly bigger than the other ones these are the ones where the code did something special which was unusual and then you go profiling that file to find what was special in that PHP run alright so then you can remove some code or limit some code or use transient or whatever when you've pinpointed what is the exact function that is causing the slowness then you can try to fix it some way you do some change and when you've done then you validate that did this actually make the site faster or not and then you use the same same measuring things I already show you and then you do this over and over again it's usually not done in one time you probably do the measuring and validating like ten or twenty times before you're done optimizing a site alright do you have any questions at this point no I'm not complete I just if you have any questions at this point nobody's raising their hand alright so here's a little bit alright hi I just showed a transient solution that you implemented I have two comments on that first of all you can't be sure about the duration of the transient expiration I mean I don't know what this file web form is and I don't know how often this is refreshed but maybe in this hour you might lose valuable information first is this and then this is a plugin that is developed by another developer so you need to do this thing every time the plugin creates a release an update how efficient is that yeah so what the best way is that you do this once and then you send the patch to the original developer and then the original developer at least in this plugin it wasn't using transients anywhere so apparently the original developer didn't know about transients at all so you do your patch then you send it to the original developer and then hopefully they will adapt that and then when you update the plugin the next versions will have it built in and the original developer will if this decision to update once in an hour was wrong then the original developer will hopefully do a better decision in that but of course it's a good point just go around poking your plugins because everything you change will be lost next time you upgrade the plugin but if you have a performance problem on your site and it's some plugin that's causing it then you need to fix that plugin to kind of validate that it was really that plugin that was the root of the problem and then when you've done that then you can for example send the patch upstream that's the good part of open source and hopefully your plugins are open source and open source friendly developers are behind them so here's a quick example of this methodology in practice so how fast can we make the default 2017 first you profile it and then you sort the column by total self cost and then you can see all this translation related built in functions and then when you look at the code itself and do some research you will find that WordPress doesn't use native get text which is say Linux Unix library but instead it has its own get text that's completely made in PHP and it doesn't have any caching and it's kind of somewhat naive and there's actually solution for that there's a plugin made by Aukor which is called Dynamic M.O. Loader and it will instead of doing the naive stuff that the WordPress built in get text is doing it will smartly load only the translation files you actually need and it will also cache them so this is the profiling before and then after installing that plugin I use Composer to install it because it's not available on WordPress.org and then after you can see that the same functions either don't exist here anymore or they are much faster and this is how you validate your entire speed improved and you can see that the functions actually behave in a different way and in the expected way the code in this GitHub account of default 2017 installation which is slightly optimized. So a few things to remember so you don't need to when you are profiling or when you are optimizing your page now you know with curl how to measure the speed so you don't have to measure the response time but you might not know which page is the slowest one so that the engine access logs with the response time is a very good way to find you don't need to measure anything you just read the logs and see which URLs are slow and then remember never to run an X debug in production if you have it active it will make PHP much slower and then there are some other projects like XHProf and UProfiler which you can run in production because they are not active all the time they are based on some kind of sampling that they do random sampling of certain PHP requests and then most of the production PHP requests stay fast but these projects are somewhat defunct at the moment and let's see what's happening in this space I think there are some companies picking up the development of these and making new versions but it's not there's lots of turmoil in that area at the moment also a few built in PHP functions that are good to know are these with this function you can insert this command at any point in your code and then see how much memory PHP is using at that point so you can use this to debug what's happening in your code and you can also spray this around your code to print out the time in your log what is the micro time precision of how much the time was at that point in code so then you can also use that to see what line you are going and how much time it took to get there alright so that was it thanks for listening and you can find these slides online and you can go back home and then tomorrow do some profiling and test out this do you have any more questions what's your opinion on cache plugins I noticed that you haven't mentioned those should we use them or just optimize the WordPress installation to use as let's say less plugins than it used to yeah so in our servers we don't have any caching plugins at all because when you add more plugins to your WordPress installation it will slow down because you are running more and more PHP code so the sensible thing is to do have some kind of proxy caching but to do that outside of WordPress and for example if you are running nginx then nginx has great built in caching stuff to use so I would recommend stay out of caching plugins and use something that is working on C level code instead which is like an order of magnitude faster than anything that happens in PHP try to if you are doing something that happens in PHP or close to WordPress sometimes in PHP then you have already lost the performance game in that sense but one thing in WordPress which you should install is the object cache PHP drop in so I showed this VP Transience in my talk by default WordPress saves that in the database but if you install the object cache drop in then you can save it in for example Redis in memory only it's a key value storage very fast so that's something I would use but I would not use anything like v3.total cache or similar plugins there they are just too slow when fixing optimization problems have you noticed common patterns any common patterns arising and then cache plugins well in general I would say that that currently the good thing with WordPress it's so easy to do a plugin and it's so easy to get something useful out of it but then it's also sometimes too easy to do something with WordPress and then people might just throw up some throw together some code and start using it and then somebody from third party might think it's actually a tested and well done code and so on and there's for example what I would like to see for the entire ecosystem to evolve is that there should be some kind of quality assurance in WordPress.org plugin repository so currently when you submit a new plugin to WordPress.org there's a thank you there's a human who makes a review but when you do subsequent uploads there's no review, there's no automatic testing there's no quality assurance, there's no performance testing there's no static code analysis or anything and if you want to know how I would do this then you can come to WordCamp you vascula in Finland in February and enjoy the snow there and listen to my talk about automatic quality assurance for WordPress plugins can you give us some hints? Well for example Travis CI it's a continuous integration platform that's free to use for open source plugins and then you can look for example in my presentation I had links to my 2017 optimization there's a whole WordPress project in that Git repository and there's also Travis CI files that do automatic testing for every commit but I haven't built automatic performance testing for WordPress plugins and commits yet alright thank you


But what if there was a still greater power, something much stronger than your mind and something that could connect you to other forces in your life that maybe your rational mind cannot? Well, in this video, I want to introduce you to this idea of resonance and how you can use it to make much better decisions in your life that are truly aligned with who you want to become. Hey guys, Alex Hein, author of the book, Master the Day, now one of the best ways to make better decisions and to really figure out what you want in life to build a life that excites you is through journaling. So I've included the first link in the description there below is for a free journaling worksheet. And when you click that and sign up, you'll also get a weekly email on some sample journal exercises you can use to change your life. Now here's what that fact is.  So if dating were so simple, all you could do is just put down a list of qualities and find that guy or that girl. Then dating would be easy. But why do human beings in most free cultures choose to date or marry someone with a connection? Where does that come from? Is that just chemicals? Is it just chemistry? Is it just biology? Or is there something else going on? Whatever that is, the way we recognize that is through hunches and through intuition and gut instincts and feelings, not emotional feelings, but hunch feelings.  And so you don't feel drawn to them. People in life, if you spend your whole life going through the head, which is creating a list of pros and cons with checklists for the things you want in that job or that person or your dream life, but you don't feel anything, you're going to end up not feeling anything at all. Because my corny jokes here regarding feeling are if you don't feel it here at the start, at some point, you're still not going to feel it. So let me share how I personally shifted my life from the mind stuff, the, oh, she looks great on paper, oh, this job is great on paper, oh, this city I should move to, to what is my gut impression and exactly how that can change your life. So the first thing you really need to do to attract this feeling of resonance, to have your intuition scream loud and clear what you want is you have to find silence. And the way I define silence is purely you're not around friends and family or mentors or teachers that will influence what the inner voice is saying.  They want you to maybe help support the family and they just want you to succeed because they came from a very tough upbringing. But internally, you know, I'm destined to become a writer. And so you've always been in this class with your parents, your whole childhood. They want you to be a doctor. They're like, yeah, I mean, maybe I should be a doctor. Writers are broke. And I met that one dude, Billy, who said he was a writer and he was really just a drug dealer and a hobo. So do I really want to be a writer?  The mind is making the mind is the mind of fear. The mind wants you to feel safe, right? Because the mind cannot see what the intuition feels because intuition, like Florence Shin says, it doesn't explain. It just merely points the way.  Get away from everything for a time period. What do you feel? The second thing is to think versus feel. So shift, you're going in your head, okay, I went on this date with this great girl, this great guy, and you get caught up in the superficial.  This is pretty sweet. But you know, you've made this mistake before, it's a mistake.  But what do you feel right? The way you know what you feel, this sounds crazy, I have to say it. But what is your body? What is this down feel like, does it feel excited?  Does it feel open like, Oh my God, I can't wait. I'm talking to all my friends about them. What do you feel? Maybe you have these job opportunities come up, forget the mind for a moment. What do you feel when you feel Las Vegas in your body? When you feel Minneapolis in your body? When you feel being a programmer in your body? When you feel being a writer in your body? Which one makes you be like, and which one's like, Oh, I'll be cool. These are the kinds of impressions that are intuitions that are gut hunches. Now, the last thing is to remember that life is nonlinear. You know, the acupuncturist and the Chinese medicine doctor that first helped me resolve many of my digestive problems. One thing he always loved to say was that, do you know how you got up to where you are right now? Like did you think you would be here? Like did you think you'd go to China and try to become a monk? No. Did you think you'd come back to where I was, Connecticut? No. Did you think you would end up going to Chinese medicine school, do a doctorate? No. Did you think you'd write a book? No. Do YouTube? No. Build a business? No. Right. They're good things, but how did they happen? You didn't plan that. You didn't plan the straight line in your life. It was nonlinear. It's like this, like ding, ding, ding, ding, ding, like the pinball. And yet humans try to plan our future as if it's going to be linear, as if it's going to be step by step. But really, we don't know what's going to happen. Maybe something happens and our parent dies and that changes our course of life forever. A breakup, a new relationship, something else going on. And so when you follow your gut, your life is going to seem like this, but it's going to be awesome. And even though you cannot plan this, it's going to be the most exciting, awesome, fulfilling, successful life you can dream of. And you have to trust it because if you try to control with your mind this, the mind cannot deal with this. Where am I going to be? I don't know. Why would I move from New York to Paris? Why would I do that?  The mind cannot catch this. It's too much. But the intuition understands that. So the last thing is to be flexible in, guess what? Maybe today you wake up and you know this relationship is not for me. Or this job is not the right one. Or that move that I made, I made the wrong decision. It's time to go back. And you have to trust that because that's always the voice of truth inside. And it's not the voice of the mind which is trying to plan your life through fear. All right, guys, so I hope that helps. This idea of resonance is always following your gut and not just your mind. It doesn't mean to turn that off, but see from both perspectives. And if it feels good, it's going to feel good. But if you think it's good, it often will not feel good. So think about that. Now of course, if you want to work on these kind of exercises, the best way to start is through journaling. The first link in the description is for a free journaling worksheet. And if you download that, the first link there, you're also going to get a weekly email on how to use journaling to reinvent your life and get clarity on what you want. So check that out, the first link in the description. And otherwise, come check out my next video right there or right there.


Myself, Mrs. Veena Sunilpathy, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics Engineering, Valkan Institute of Technology, Sallapur, welcome you for this session. At the end of this session, students can compare different starters of three-phase induction motor. So, let us see what is the need of starters. A three-phase induction motor is self-starting. At the time of starting, the motor slip is unity and the starting current is very large. And this large starting current will produce large line voltage drop and this will adversely affect the operation of other electrical equipment connected to the same line. And therefore, it is desirable and necessary to reduce the magnitude of stator current at starting and several methods are available for this purpose. And the purpose of starter is not to just start the motor, but it performs the two main functions. They are as follows, to reduce the heavy starting current and to provide overload and under-voltage protection. So, here these are the methods. The method depend upon the size and the type of the motor. So, direct on line starting, stator resistance starting, auto transformer starting, star delta starting and rotor resistance starting. So, these are the methods which are used to start the three-phase induction motor. So, let us discuss about the direct on line starter. Small capacity motors approximately below 5 HP does not have very high starting currents. Such motors can withstand the high starting currents for very small time. And this starter does not reduce the starting voltage. It provides the protection to the motor against overloading, single phasing and low voltage. You can see here, this is the diagram of the direct on line starter. You can see here the different parts, fuse, thermal overload relay, then magnetizing coil is there, then contactor is there, contact to keep coil energized and NO, normal open start and NC, normal closed stop. So, two switches are there to switch on the motor and to switch off the motor and the rotor is there. So, when we press the normal open start, then the supply is connected to the motor through fuse and thermal overload relay. And the magnetizing coil is then magnetized due to supply and that magnetizing coil here you can see in this magnetizing coil, the magnetic field is created and due to that magnetic field, these contactors gets attracted towards this magnetizing coil and these contactor get connected to the supply and the supply is connected to the stator. But when we switch off this means normal closed switch is used to stop the supply. This contact then becomes off the supply from the stator, this magnetizing coil then demagnetizes and then the contactor move towards this side. So, stator is then disconnected from the supply, but if in the motor the overload or the heat is created, then the thermal overload relay activates and supply is disconnected from the stator side. So, this is the working of this DOL. Shortly we can say that direct on line as a DOL, it is the simplest, cheapest and most reliable method and hence widely used. This provides nearly full starting torque at starting because full voltage is connected to the stator and the main disadvantage of DOL stator is that the motor draws a very high current during start for the period of 5 to 8 times full load current for a very short period. This 5 to 8 times full load current flows through the motor. Now, we can directly write the expression for torque of induction motor as t equal to 1 by ns i square r2 by s and from the help of the above expression, we write the ratio of starting torque to full load torque as ts by tf equal to in bracket is by if bracket square into sf, where ts is the starting torque and tf is the full load torque. Like that is is the starting current and if is the full load current. So the torque is directly proportional to slip and proportional to square of the current. So in reduced voltage method, we have three different types of starting methods. Stator resistance starting method, auto transformer starting method and star delta starting method. A stator resistance is connected in each line series with each phase winding of the stator. Initially, their maximum resistance is connected in series with stator winding. So reduced voltage is connected to motor. As the motor accelerates, the stator resistance is then reduced. So here you can see in this diagram, the resistance is connected in series with the stator winding this. So at the starting, very large resistance is connected in series with the stator winding and then we are going to reduce that resistance for run time. So that the full torque will be generated on the rotor. Thus by adding resistor, we can control the supply voltage. Similarly a fraction of voltage X of supply voltage is applied at the time of starting of the induction motor. The value of X is always less than 1 and due to the drop in voltage, the starting torque also decreases and the ratio of starting torque to full load torque is given as T s by T f equal to i s by i f bracket square into S f. Now at the time of starting, the per phase voltage is reduced to X v1. The per phase starting current is also reduced to X i s. So substituting the value of i s as X i s in this equation, here we can write down the starting torque and full load torque ratio as i s by i f bracket square S f into X square and the equation shows the variation of starting torque with value of X. If we add series resistor, then the energy losses are increased. So it is better to use series reactor in place of resistor because it is more effective in reducing the voltage. However, series reactor is more costly than series resistance. Now pause the video and think about this question. Starters are required in the induction motor because A, high starting current, B, they are not self-starting, C, torque produced is very low at starting to overcome inertia and D, all of the mentioned. So what is the answer? The answer is A, high starting current because starters are needed in induction motors to limit the starting current. So auto transformer starting also known as auto starters used for both star or delta connected squirrel cage motors, it is basically a three phase step down transformer with steps provide that permit the user to start the motor at say 50 percent, 65 percent or 80 percent of line voltage. So at the time of starting, per phase voltage is reduced to X v1 and per phase starting current is also reduced to X s.  So here also we will get the starting torque that is proportional to X square. So this shows the variation of starting torque with the value of X. So this is the diagram you can see here, the supply is connected to the stator winding these are the stator windings and here at the starting the start position here the steps are provided. So we can reduce the voltage by increasing the number of turns here and here the dropped voltage or the small voltage is connected to the stator at the starting and then afterwards we can change over the switch so that the supply is then total supply is then connected to the stator. So auto transformer starting has several advantages auto transformer starter limits significantly the inrush current for large machine over 25 HP this method of starting is often used and this method can be used for both star and delta connected motors. So you can refer the book electrical machines by B. L. Tareja principles of electrical machines by V. K. Mehta and Rohit Mehta thank you.


Welcome guys! In this video I'm gonna show you how to make a good debriefing. So what is a debriefing? A debriefing is a group discussion that allows us to understand what was good and what was not good in a particular situation or task that a group was tackling together. So how do we make a good debriefing? Almost how we make a sandwich. How do we start a sandwich? Well, you know that we need a piece of bread, a salad, plain base to put our other ingredients on and in the same way for debriefing we call this base facts. Something where we will be laying down our discussion on. It gives us more information on what just happened, what was the situation or the task, whether we've been successful or not, and the core information that we need to discuss forward. But we wouldn't just eat dry bread, right? We need something to give flavor to it, something we like to eat or something that's important to us, like cheese. In debriefing, cheese stands for feelings. In this part we discuss what was important to us during that situation or the task, what made us feel in a certain way and why could affect the task. At this stage it is better not to be judgmental or to attack. Rather than saying you're inconsiderate, it is better to say I felt very sad when you did that specific thing. This way we are being much more constructive. Here's my sandwich. But I'm not really fully happy with it. I think I would have done it differently actually. But I'm just gonna do it what I can and add a bit of parsley and I think all the ingredients are here now so I can eat it. What I just done is think about the future and this is the last element of our debriefing technique. It is important because we just take what we've discussed, the facts and the feelings, process them and we are ready to get some conclusions out of our discussion. These conclusions are gonna go forward to our future so we make sure that when we are tackled with the same situation or the same task again, we're gonna approach it a bit differently and the outcome will hopefully be also different. A tip for the future is to write down what is being said and what the group has agreed on. I hope this video helped you understand how you can use facts, feelings and future to help you and do a good debriefing whether it's in your family or friends or in your professional life.


What is the important of social networking in research? We can connect and collaborate with the fellow researchers that may be our colleagues, peers, co-authors, and specialists in our field. We can ask questions, get answers, and find solutions to our research problems and queries. We can share our own publications, and likewise, we can access millions of others' researchers also. This will help us to update ourselves in our own field of research, and this sharing makes more people to read your articles, thereby increasing the number of citations. And you can track how many people are reading and citing your work through the statistics sections in most of the social networking sites. And some of the social networking platforms offers learning programs and also help us in finding jobs. These are some of the social networking sites which I am active in, Research Gate, Menly, Google Scholar, Academia, LinkedIn, PubMed. These are some other social networking sites which I haven't explored. You can explore and post your own experience in the comments. I wish you a happy and meaningful networking in research.


Hi there! My name is Sandy Allnach. I'm an artist, paper crafter, and Bible journalist, and I wanted to share with you today some ideas and a place that I got some ideas for my Bible journaling, and that is from the 30 days of Bible lettering challenge. There's a lot of different challenges, but Bible lettering seemed a little less intimidating than doing a whole page in my Bible every day, which I've done before, and I thought that would be a fun challenge. So I got a mixed media sketchbook, and it's a 9 by 12, so I have more room, more place to practice and play, and I can also use other mediums. A couple of these I did with just regular script lettering, just to see if I could get my hand lettering to a place I liked. Didn't really get thrilled with that. This one I loved though. I thought the word plans really inspired me, and I went and looked up some pictures of architecture things and came up with that idea. There's another one where I was just playing with the hand lettering idea, but here I took the hand lettering of the word freedom. I painted it in water and then dropped brush-o into it, and then did it as spritz so that it had that feel of fireworks. So I did enjoy that one. Here's another one that I was playing around with the design elements. I'm a graphic designer by trade, so please don't compare yourself if you don't have that training. Just to compare different fonts and how they play together, that sort of thing. And this one was not as much a success as I had hoped. My In You! I didn't really plan out how far that should have started up or how small these letters should have been to make them fit, but you know, it's a sketchbook. It was all for the sake of practicing. This one I did at breakfast in a hotel with a couple kids helping, so that was kind of fun for them to pick out markers that I should use. And this one I worked on quite a bit. I really do love this verse, and I actually took this and I have already transferred it into my Bible. And that's what I want to do with some of these. Some of them I can't do because brush-o will go through the pages, so I won't be able to transfer that one. But for this one I just did it with a black pen and did the basically the same thing, had to rearrange some of them, some of the words so they fit better. But practicing on something like this in a large format or in a sketchbook can be helpful. Here's another one that I drew in pencil and then painted with water and added the brush-o to it. This one almost had the center blank, just all the stuff that God can't do, but then I realized there are things that he can't do. He can't get tired. He can't break his promises to you. He can't stop loving you. And so I did put some of those things in there. This was another quickie. There were some days I had more time to spend on this than others, and this one was a relatively quick-ish one. And here's one that I did while I was at Yosemite, because I was traveling during this time period and I was inspired by the scenes of the mountains and really felt like God was giving me some rest and his presence in the mountains while I was there. This was a day when I only had a pencil. That's all I had. Everything else was packed up in the car, I was on a road trip, and a pencil and a piece of paper is sometimes all you need. You don't need all your fancy supplies. This one I did while I had my brush-o out, and I will eventually do a video potentially on how I did this glass of Coca-Cola and that sort of thing, but it was fun to do with brush-o. This page almost was going to be filled with little people.  I wanted all the people in there, and I ran out of time. That's just how it goes. This one, Teach Me Your Paths, was an obvious inspiration, but it also worked to transfer this one easily into my Bible. So I took the full verse, the longer version, and what I did was I first wrote out in a black waterproof pen. I wrote all the words out so that I could get them all in there. I just kind of put them in random places, and then I scribbled watercolor pencil over each one, and then watercolor them so that I would watercolor them into the shapes of these rocks. Then after it was dry, I went around each one with that pen, and then added the background, the brown that is around the outside, so that it made it all pop. That gave me that contrast. You can do this with a lot of different Bible verses that talk about this kind of an idea, but getting it from this large piece of paper into a small format is just a challenge in terms of medium that you can use sometimes, and making something that's going to work in a smaller way. This one was on one of those tragic days we've had recently. We've had way too many of those with lots of pain and violence, and it was just thinking about that piece was really important, and the same with this, that same time period I was doing this one, and casting out that fear. It was so satisfying to just rip that paper and cast out that fear that day. There's one where I just drew it all in pencil, and then went in with a black pen some of these days that I was traveling. All I had was my pencil and a pen out, and this was a very simple salt shaker with some lettering inside of it. Another day, very quick one because I didn't have much time, so I shortened James 1.5 to really just be simply ask, do not forget to ask. Now here's one that I wanted to do, you know, the Lord himself will fight for you. I wanted a fight poster, so I googled fight posters and penciled it all in, and it didn't look much like a poster until I added the outside background, but what I did do was first take that square in the center, and I did brush-o and stuff inside of that over my pencil lines, and then I went in with my black pen. After I got done, I wanted to add that brick, I just painted squares, dropped in brush-o, and then moved the color around with my brush. This one seemed to call for just the word comfort and flowers, which I of course closed this before my gold dried. I put gold in the center and sort of made a mess, but I did want to write out the whole verse in this one because to me it was really important to remember that we can give that comfort to others because God gives it to us. It's not just part of the verse, a lot of people quote just a portion of it, and the whole verse to me was really important. This one, be filled with the Holy Spirit. The earlier part of the verse talks about not getting drunk, so I added the word instead, but I should have added it in a stronger color because some people miss that when they saw it, so instead be filled with the Holy Spirit. That was done all in watercolor pencil, and what I did was just do the watercolor pencil all over the whole thing. I did the lettering first and watered that and then did the background afterward. For this one I did my lettering in pencil and then I went, wait a minute, the creation of the world, let's let's do that kind of brush-o mass, and then I did the brush-o on top and then I had to redo all of my lettering because all I could see was the little lines sticking out, so I kind of ended up doing that twice, but since I did have that first blush, that first try at it, it worked pretty easily to recreate it with a white Signo pen. This one I did in Zig Clean Color Markers.  That lifts color, you just dab off of the paper towel and it just pulls that color up. Now it was whiter to start with, but after I put the glossy accents on it got kind of yellowed, and then the A that was supposed to be in the create in me A, I kind of had hanging out there because I ran out of space for it, so yeah, then it bled with the glossy accents and whatever. This one, I went around the outlines with different colors and then just painted in between them with water and let all that color just blend, and I love this, I want to find ways to use that in other things. Here, put on love, you know, above all things, put on love, and I was thinking of a closet, so I just scribbled with my water-based markers just a bunch of shapes hanging from this, and then I went around and did my black outlines afterward, same with the boxes. I did all my coloring first, then added the black at the end. Here's one where I was trying to see if I could do fancy letters like this because I see other people do it, and no, that's not for me. This took me forever long to do, so don't look for me to be doing that again. Here's another one with watercolor marker, and I basically drew the pencil lines in, filled it in with the green, and then I added, after it was dry, another layer of green in there to just outline a few leaves so that you'd get that whole idea of life, and then watercolor that a little further on top, so I got another layer in there. And free indeed, I just thought of a bird escaping from a bird cage, so I did my lettering first in my water-based markers and then went over them with water with the bird cage. I was trying to create the back of the bird cage and the front, I think it's a little fussy, but it is what it is, and I do love all the little birds that I added, rainbow of them flying out, and this was the last one. Here am I, send me, it's not very exciting, but it's just me waving and saying hi. Now some of these may show up in my Bible, some of them may not, but if you're interested in Bible journaling and you want to know more about mediums that work in Bibles, I do have an inexpensive class on my blog, there's a link in the description down below on Bible journaling. You can do it at your own pace, there's 10 lessons on all different kinds of mediums, and here are a couple other Bible journaling videos that I've done, and the left is basically a giant flip through of a lot of stuff I've done. In the center I'm using some oil pastels with baby wipe, and on the right hand side I'm using some watercolors and showing you how to flatten out your pages. So if you'd like to look at any of those you can, you can hit the subscribe button or just go over to the blog, there's lots more information over there, and I'll see you guys next time. Thanks so much for spending a few minutes with me.


Guys subscribe and turn notifications on leave a like and drop a comment down below get here first and win giveaway calls I will pin as first comment on some of my videos be fast and good luck what is going on guys welcome back to the channel and I appreciate you being here as always and today I'm back with another destiny 2 video and today we have top five lucky salute drops of the week and damn people some of these calypso truly lucky day video if you guys do enjoy the video leaving a like really does help me out and if you are new around here and enjoy daily destiny 2 videos be sure to subscribe also guys if you have any amazing clips ascending lucky salute drops crazy reactions epic pvp plays funny fails wtf moments absolutely anything you think people will enjoy seeing send it into the email just linked at the top of the video description but let's get straight into this top five in the number five we have a clip sent in by titan bt 7274 wow I wish my ever-versed luck was this damn good damn have a clip sent in by blank 1886 when the one exhaustively warded goes to the guy under losing team wagons defeat on these in number three we have a clip sent in by goose two exotics from a single bounty really game in number two we have a clip sent in by Sherlock this is just crazy I mean a laziness people 1. We have eclipsed into my Aho Sani 555, two exotics from two chests including the 1000 voices, I am absolutely done. But guys we have come to the end of this top 5.  If you are new around here and enjoy daily Destiny 2 videos be sure to subscribe. Remember if you have any amazing clips to send in, send them into the email I've just linked at the top of the video description. I hope you enjoyed the video and hopefully I'll see you on that next one.