Okay everybody, we're here at AT&T Park. This is Dave Vellante of Wikibon.org and this is SiliconAngle.com's continuous coverage of VMworld 2012. We're here with Tim Russell, who's the Vice President of Data Lifecycle Solutions at NetApp. Tim, thanks for spending some time with us. Great to be here. Yeah, this is awesome. I mean, the first time I ever saw this place, it was Pac-Bell. And I'm a baseball junkie, you know, go to Fenway a lot. And I really, it's one of my favorite ballparks, really in the country. It's just fabulous here. Good choice. And we're enjoying a great day as well. Yeah, it's beautiful here. And of course, we're here with a lot of customers, you're expecting, you know, I think over a thousand people are going to be here tonight, which you put this together in record time. It's amazing. It's really a lot of fun actually, honoring customers, partners, getting some conversations going about what's really hot in the data center today. Yeah, so VMworld has become this premier event now in the industry. I mean, it's like a lightning rod. People are so passionate about it. You go to these Vmugs and people, the practitioners just really are excited about what's going on. I mean, quite a change that we've seen in this industry, hasn't it? Absolutely. And I think, you know, you see what virtualization is driving from consolidation, you know, from data centers to workloads to infrastructures, and VMware is being a catalyst to help make that happen. So a whole new conversation.  Very much paying off. Delivery of efficiency, delivering of value in terms of operating a common infrastructure, and now we've been in our recent announcement with Flash, really driving a lot of value for customers who are virtualizing their entire infrastructure. So let's talk about that a little bit.  So recently, we just announced an extension of our Flash strategy into the server. So we've been a leader with delivering over 17 petabytes of Flash at the array level to accelerate traditional spinning media. And that's been highly successful at accelerating workloads. Now extending that into the server level with our own technology, with partner technologies closely integrated with data management, delivering great value at very little operational cost to the customer. So this is a software play, really, isn't it? It really is a software play because we're partnering with a number of Flash device manufacturers. So whether it's an SSD, PCIe card, number of different kind of form factors, our software will integrate with all of them. So you know, one of the things that I've been observing now, since probably around, you know, 2009, is that we saw for 15 years function move out of the host right to the array.  I mean, you capitalized on that. We're seeing function move back now. And so one of the things that I posited and we've written about it, what you're about is, will there be an emergence of a software led initiative and a company that can become, you know, the analogy I use was the veritas of, you know, the Flash stack? You know, is that a viable metaphor? So if you look at what customers are doing with consolidating infrastructures, the data management value that's delivered at an array, especially what we're delivering with ONTAP. So disaster recovery efficiently, doing backups efficiently, doing storage efficiency, doing all the archive pieces in a clustered configuration, you just can't do that at the server level. So we still believe that whether it's a Flash media or a spinning device media, the data management is centric. It is a software play, but it's software play that's running inside of a storage device. Yeah, okay. So that's the value that you add. And there's a lot of heterogeneity. So you've got NetApp gear, NetApp arrays, NetApp software, but you're saying you're basically working with a number of Flash vendors to provide that value. Absolutely. So when you have applications that either have struggled going to virtualization environments because of performance, or you have extreme performance requirements even on physical machines, deploying Flash at that server level and the data management you get from traditional ONTAP gives you the best of all worlds. So we're talking about that. There's almost like a tug of war between the server guys and the storage guys. What's your point of view on that? How does that all shake out and there's some confusion there amongst customers? What are your thoughts there? I really don't think it's a fair tug of war. I think the server guys or the storage guys, us, we're winning. The center is from a data management perspective, the server guys still are developing and delivering sort of stateless environments. You can move your servers. You can move your VMs, but the state is retained in storage. And you have to manage that efficiently. And so the state is maintained in storage, but Flash becomes a persistent medium. How does that change the notion that spinning disk is the state? So if you look at it the way Flash is deployed most efficiently, how do you lower the cost of storage overall? Moving everything to Flash not likely in our lifetime is to be the lowest cost of storage. So deploying just the right amount of Flash as a cache and yet maintaining all of your bulk media on spinning media and having them operate together in one cohesive integrated architecture is still the best value for a customer. So you see the majority of data still sitting on spinning disk and the really high activity stuff in Flash. Is that right? Just the right amount of blocks, the right blocks, the right storage blocks that need to have high performance in Flash media. It sounds like a balancing challenge from a software perspective. Is that fair? That's exactly where the intellectual property is. How do you balance the right blocks and the right media closest to the application when it needs it? So talk about why NetApp is in a position to do that. What experience do you have and what historical intellectual property do you have and what inventions are you building? So the inventions we've actually innovation in Flash Excel, which is our software layer running in the server, actually delivers innovations in caching algorithms. So what blocks have been changed in the back end array so that we can only populate and change those blocks rather than rewarm the whole cache? They get more persistent or more consistent performance or durability. So you talk about changes, changed blocks. It reminds me of changed block tracking. So we're taking some of the concepts in back up and bringing them into high activity. In fact, that's somewhere where the technology comes from. We're doing change block tracking for our data protection strategies as well. So you don't have to replicate all the blocks. You just do the ones that are changed. So I know data protection is another area that you're responsible for. And I've said publicly, I tweeted this week, I love what you guys are doing in that area. I really love your vision using snapshots. And it seems to be going really well. It's really gaining momentum amongst our partners and even our internal developments. Being able to leverage all the richness of backup management that you get from backup vendors, but yet underlying storage efficiency that you get from snapshots, replicated snapshots, snap vault, and all those things together, a perfect marriage. Yeah.  I know in particular you guys work with SyncStore. You work with Commvault. You're very partner friendly in that sense because you don't own a backup software product. Correct. Correct. Symantec, Commvault, SyncStore, all of them are building on our infrastructure that we've provided to them and the systems to make that all work together. Cool. Well, Tim, thanks very much for spending some time with us on theCUBE. Dave, very nice to be here. Yeah, it's good. Really looking forward to this and great to see you. All right. All right. Keep it right there. We're right back from SiliconANGLE's coverage of VMworld 2012 NetApps customer event. Keep it right there.


all this time in prison, only to come home, talking about 4E, Slack, Slime, this, that, that. And I'm like, where's the game? Where's the knowledge? You someone who has real influence on the streets. Which way is you leading the homies? We gotta stop giving the little homies bad game. We have to stop. Is your checking this out? Stop giving the little homies bad game. The music that I'm listening to from these individuals, that's bad game you giving the homies. Yeah, we on boss talk one on one, one on one. Yeah, we gon' talk. You or Aldi, who got out first? I wanna say, I got out before Aldi, cause I been home 10 years, Aldi ain't been home team. Okay, I asked you that for a reason. When Aldi came out, he did crowns, he started crowning crazy. Okay, and he did his first day, I love that's probably the best song for me. He got his first day out.  Reality's always fried like the juice on your stick. I'm telling you that, now he knows this. But I've seen some guys come home and some of the things that they put out music wise, we talking about quality. I seen Go Ye Yo. I'm just playing with him on this and yell. Slap. They say the way that y'all poppin', you would think he got bricks for real. Twisted Black. I don't care what they say on the internet.  Just drop me a verse out of jail, naughty. What are you thinking about the music that you're hearing from them, from Twisted Black? So I'm loving the music that I'm hearing from Twisted Black. You can obviously tell that he was incarcerated. You can hear the wisdom. You can hear the knowledge. You can hear the game. You can hear it. You can see it. You can hear it. You can feel it in the music. As far as our other buddy Go Ye Yo. I don't know the homie, but I am deeply saddened and disappointed by the way he shows to come home. Obviously he's super popular. He has a beautiful platform. And that was cool. I was actually anticipating it because everybody talks about it. I think everybody was just kind of, I listened to some of his freestyles. I hadn't listened to none of the music. So I've listened to the music. And the music I've listened to, I'm sadly disappointed.  It's all about foeys, slacks, slowness, that, that. And I'm like, where's the game? Where's the knowledge? You're someone who has real influence on the streets. Which way is you leading the homies? We got to stop giving the little homies bad game. We have to stop. As you're checking this out, stop giving the little homies bad game. The music that I'm listening to from these individuals, that's bad game you giving the homie. You ain't telling the homie how to be productive, how to be successful. I'm listening to the music. I'm listening to the lyrics. Like I say, I was anticipating it because I've heard so much about the young man.  Let me hear it. You know, I'm hearing it. I'm like, this what y'all talking about? Wow. Okay. I mean, maybe this just a different generation for me, but I wasn't impressed. I wasn't, I didn't see the hype. Wow. What, what, and I go back to even honeycomb braids. Yeah. Man, I raise no slowness on it.  Keep me up. Yeah. And what's the other cat down there in Atlanta that came home? He came home. Man, I. Oh, man, what's home and night? He said something. He would never do a song with CMG because of what happened to dawg. Man, what's home and night? Man, that's sad, that's sad, bro. He been quiet too. I ain't really just seeing nothing pop back up with Rollo. Rollo.  You know, Rollo cap real with everyone on the. Rollo. That's his name. He been quiet, but I heard that one little old video. Right. He's another one. I was disappointed. Wow. The fact that you come home from prison.  Obviously super popular, great platform. You've built that kudos, you know, whatever. But you come home and make a public statement. I'd never do a song with such and such because of this that.  Homie, you just come home from prison. How do you walk out of prison? And within 24 hours you begin to create this type of animosity in this beef. I'm like, I just wasn't feeling it. You know, that's just my personal opinion. I look at it from the standpoint, homie, you supposed to be this big homie. You supposed to be this, this, this guy. I don't see it.  Like I would have never revealed my hand to the public like that only for the blogs to be able to go back and he into with them and this and this and that. Like you fresh out of prison, homie. You know, the way you come out from prison speaks volumes about the direction in which you're going. Obviously this is the entertainment industry. So maybe a lot of it is entertainment because I also know homie is Muslim. You know, and anyone that's Muslim, Islam, I know he has a certain level of discipline. He has a certain level of respect. He has a certain level of way of conducting himself. So I know that he knows better.   Born raised. Trap boy, Freddie. I swear.  He just, he went in and I seen a picture pop up of him that made it yesterday. What do you hope to see from him coming home? Man, I'm hoping to see Freddie come home way more, way, way more effective and efficient in what he do. Obviously he a superstar. Obviously he got platform, all these things the kudos, you know, we can't take nothing from him as far as they go. But as far as when he walk out of prison, I'm expecting to see a different Freddie. I'm expecting to see the big homie. I'm expecting to see some knowledge, some wisdom, some games, some insight. I'm expecting to see something outside of a slide ride, drilled like, I mean, that's all you got in the playbook. Wow. I like the way you, you know, you break down the factor cause that's what you're about reform. And I'm pushing reform. I want individuals to see the skills that you use to thrive in the streets, the skills that you use to thrive on the records. You can take those same skills and thrive in society doing right. Don't let these clowns lie to you how you're thinking we gotta do wrong. It ain't like that mode. This 2024, we got options, baby. We have options. We can get paid without committing no crime and we gonna keep the drip. And we gonna keep the drip. We're gonna talk. I wanna talk about just, you know, you talked about a few guys that went and came back. Yeah, let me get that cut. You want more? Oh, yeah. I can get nothing. Yeah, yeah, come on now. Turn me up, D. Let me get loose, D. We talked about a lot of guys that really was kind of making bonehead decisions. Some of them was doing, some of them you expect some things from. We see when Gucci came home, what did you think about him? Because he hadn't been back, he married, he got two kids now. I went about to pull up publicity stuff. Why you just meet for publicity nigga? Is you in the streets or in the streets nigga? I wanna talk on that side of it and he's been thriving. Right, so I was actually never a Gucci man fan. When Gucci man came out, I was incarcerated when I came home. I was trying to listen to his music. I couldn't really get a feel for him. But when he came home from prison and I saw the way he came home and the way he was moving, I instantly became a fan. Anyone that can do a 360 turn around degree chain is evidence that see Gucci, he got a real game. He got real knowledge, real insight. That's what you call game right there. The way he came home and transitioned and got out the way and got to the money and build some solid around itself. And that's a real game right there. So I'm not necessarily a fan of the music, but I am a fan of the man that he's became. Yeah, because he definitely he lost weight. He stay in the gym. He stayed doing his business, taking it. And he got married. So those are some diamonds, right? But some things that men strive to do to get that solid foundation. You know what I'm saying? Yes, sir. Boss talk one on one. One on one.


So, most of you have already probably heard the news that Six Flags and Cedar Fair are having talks, or we're having talks this afternoon, about a possible merger deal, and it is rumored that it could be as early as this week, maybe even tomorrow or today, depending on the day you're listening to this video, that Cedar Fair announces some sort of announcement on their quarterly conference call plans, or a sale, or purchase more likely, involving Six Flags. So, I'm going to talk about kind of like how I feel, some things that I might know a little bit about. I'm going to be honest, I received some information about Canada's Wonderland about three days ago, and it makes a lot more sense now with the news that broke today on Yahoo, and from WSJ. So, essentially, what we know so far is there were rumblings in the industry about Cedar Fair and Six Flags discussing a merger deal again. I know this is about the second time this has happened publicly, and we further have heard that it is Cedar Fair seeking to purchase Six Flags. So that isn't 100% confirmed, though, by the way. So take that with a grain of salt. But with that said, from what I've heard from my sources at Canada's Wonderland, it does make sense. So I've heard some details that Canada's Wonderland full-time employees are essentially receiving new benefits packages starting next year, some very serious benefit package changes. So that kind of aligns with some of the rumors of this. So if Cedar Fair is going to be purchasing a much larger company, you would essentially need to move people around, give more incentive to stay, etc. But I also want to touch on the fact that on the Q2 stockholders call, Cedar Fair did hint to all of us that they were in a place to start seeking to buy properties. Now when they said that on the call, I was thinking that they would scoop up one or two properties and that they weren't alluding to essentially a merger deal with Six Flags. So it's definitely a lot larger of a purchase than I would have ever expected. And I'm not necessarily sure it's going to be a purchase. Again, I can't fully speak on exactly how this merger would take place and who would be in charge. Would it still essentially be all of Cedar Fair's current executives in charge, or would some of the Six Flags people move over? Now this is where it's going to become 100% opinionated.  And to be honest, you could counter me in the comment section down below all you want.   And I would not want them touching Canada's Wonderland with a 800 foot poll. So I am really hoping that on the conference call tomorrow at 10 a.m. when I'm listening, that we hear that it is Cedar Fair. Because regardless of how you look at things, Cedar Fair truly does build a better product. They really do. They build a much well more themed product. They build a better atmosphere and they offer a better product. I 100% also think that Six Flags does not know what they're doing. The current CEO, the new one, I think is a joke hopping back and forth between decision making in a time when you shouldn't be doing that is a sign of weakness to me. And I don't want that running either company as well. So I would love to see what Cedar Fair has to offer running some of these Six Flags parks. Now with that being said, some of these Six Flags parks and Cedar Fair parks, if a merger does take place, do sit really close. So it would be really interesting to see which parks they choose to sell off because I'm sorry for those of you that are fingers crossed that this company comes out with every single park in the Cedar Fair side and Six Flags side intact. That's not what's going to happen. There are going to be some sales, whether it be to developers, whether it be the parks get sold to different companies. Although the financial outlook in the industry is exactly what's led to this merger or is what is leading to this merger idea. So I'm not quite sure who would come in and scoop up some of these parks. So again, it could end up being sold to developers in the end. But nonetheless, it is a really scary situation for both Six Flags fans and Cedar Fair fans. And I feel like this is becoming an almost bi-yearly topic of discussion. And I definitely wasn't expecting it at all. So I am shocked. But a few key things is I definitely think we're going to see this merger take place. A lot of the American parks did very poorly this season. And the economic downturn hasn't even taken place yet. And it is coming. And I think that what you have seen in a lot of those articles about why this merger discussion has taken place is true. We saw it at a lot of the Six Flags parks, especially. Located in a little less, you know, I'm not going to touch on that. But essentially Six Flags Great Adventure was one of those parks that experienced a really poor season. I also have heard rumors that Six Flags Magic Mountain had a really slow season, which makes sense because Knott's Berry Farm also had a really slow season. We also know Carolin's Cedar Fair Park had a really slow season as well. So it's no wonder why these two chains might be coming together to merge. It gives them a lot of power in pricing and kind of becoming that conglomerate company in owning the industry. So if you have all those Six Flags parks and Cedar Fair parks working together under one umbrella, they essentially aren't competing against each other anymore. It allows them to invest less. It allows them to price exactly how they want to price. It gives them extreme, again, key words, pricing power in terms of the product they have to offer, the events they are going to offer, and preventing any further competition from entering the market around these parks, even though it is already extremely difficult for a new chain or new company to come in and build a theme park. Nowadays it's essentially like a multi-billion dollar project to even get a small footprint park in the ground, but it is going to be really interesting. I'm excited to see what happens on the stockholders' call tomorrow. Very well, we could get no information at all, so please keep that in mind as well. But I definitely am hoping Cedar Fair is going to run the company. I definitely hope that we get to keep some of the Cedar Fair parks and Six Flags parks that I have on my list that they would be first to go. Obviously I don't want any parks to go, but unfortunately with such a large purchase and thing, as you saw, things just get sold. But this could be good news for CGA, by the way. I see light at the end of the tunnel for California's Great America if this merger takes place. There might be lucrative cash or free cash flow in order to maybe even just change their mind about that sale of land, and they might even buy that back. Because again, I don't see why Cedar Fair would want to get rid of their warm market parks like CGA. I see why they would like this merger deal as well. I see Cedar Fair eyeing those Texas parks exponentially. I definitely think that Cedar Fair would treat those Texas parks like royalty. So I think those are some key things. If you're Six Flags and your home park is those Texas parks, I think that Cedar Fair would invest a lot of time, money, and energy into your park, which I think would do wonders. So definitely some positives. There are definitely a lot of negatives as well, but I'll save that for after the stockholders call. I just wanted to give you guys my quick thoughts on everything, and I know I am biased. I'm not the greatest Six Flags fan out there. I am 100% a Cedar Fair fanboy. But yeah, anyways, hopefully you enjoyed my thoughts on this and any discussion that I had to provide on the matter. But yeah, stay tuned. I will provide my Cedar Fair stockholders call analysis at around 12 1pm tomorrow or today if you're watching. So Thursday. But yeah, thanks so much for watching guys. Have a good one. Bye.


This is Cameron Bay, South Vietnam, in early 1965. Ships were anchored in the harbor many for weeks, waiting to unload their precious cargo of rations, rifles and ammunitions, trucks and tires, plasma, and a million other items so vital to our forces in Vietnam. The reason for this great ship backlog was a scarcity of unloading facilities. There was only one stone pier, which had been extended by Army engineers to accommodate two ships. In addition, there was the Transportation Corps' Lieutenant Colonel John U.D. Page, the only beach discharge vessel of its kind in the United States Army inventory, and other amphibious means for the unloading of cargo. Existing dock facilities were scarcely sufficient to support the tremendous logistical requirements of our rapidly expanding forces. Measures had to be quickly taken to increase the volume of cargo discharge and reduce the shipping backlog at the anchorages. Additional piers would solve the problem, but it would take anywhere from 18 to 36 months plus the services of approximately 400 workers to build one permanent pier. It was out of the question. It was too long to wait. There was, however, a temporary solution. A de-long prefabricated pier was in mothballs in Charleston, South Carolina. This particular pier, built in 1952 for the Transportation Corps, is 300 feet long, 90 feet wide, and 13 feet deep. It is equipped with 22 caissons and air jacks to elevate and hold it above water. By June 1965, this completely overhauled pier was ready for service. It left Charleston Harbor for Vietnam on 11 August. The de-long pier was designed after World War II by Colonel L. B. DeLong, a former Army engineer. During his service in the Army, Colonel DeLong saw the need for piers which could be both mobile and stable, the ability to permit worldwide range and flexibility and stability to make them invulnerable to wind, wave, and weather. 12,000 miles and 81 days later, on 30 October 1965, the first de-long pier arrived in Cameron Bay. Installation began as soon as the pier was positioned at the causeway provided for it. The work of construction was conducted by members of the 497th Engineer Company, as well as five civilian employees of the DeLong Corporation. The men worked against time in spite of long hours and bad weather. They had but one concern to get the pier finished as quickly as possible. By mid-December 1965, the pier was operational. Ships now had the capability to discharge cargo at the rate of 800 tons each per day, all vital to our forces in Vietnam. There were now two piers at Cameron Bay, the old Stone Pier and the first DeLong Pier, which were capable of unloading four ships simultaneously. It was an improvement, yet not enough to completely break the ship backlog at Anchorage, not only in Cameron, but in other waterways of South Vietnam as well. As a result, on a priority basis, the Army contracted with the DeLong Corporation for additional piers. To expedite delivery, the DeLong Corporation subcontracted the work of construction to the Japanese shipbuilding industry. Here, the piers were prefabricated within a period of 90 days. They are constructed to be towed into position wherever and whenever they are needed for dock facilities, either permanent or temporary. At the time these scenes were photographed, two sizes of piers were being built. The large or eight type barge is 300 feet long, 80 feet wide, and 13 feet deep. The smaller B type barge is 150 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 10 feet deep. The caissons upon which the barges rest are 140 feet long, 6 feet in diameter, and are made of one and one half inch steel. Each caisson weighs 79 short tons. It takes 10 caissons to support an A barge, and from 4 to 6 to support a B barge. The old type air jack, as seen here, weighs 13 short tons and can lift 160 short tons. DeLong's new improved air jack, also being used in Vietnam, weighs 20 short tons and has a lifting capacity of 500 short tons. Immediately upon completion, the barges are towed to South Vietnam. The trip takes from two to three weeks depending on the weather. This is Cam Ron 2, the first newly constructed DeLong pier in Vietnam. Twelve men can install a permanent pier in about four weeks. A temporary pier with jacks left on and caissons not capped can be installed in about two weeks. Alongside the pier, to facilitate the handling of the heavy caissons and jacks, is a work barge with a 150 ton crane. When the barge is in place, the caissons are laced into the well of the barge and lowered until they rest on the bottom of the bay. Next, the air jacks are lowered over the caissons and secured to the deck with connecting tie bars. When all the caissons and air jacks have been installed, the barge is jacked up above the water. The action of the air jack can be compared to a boy shinning up a pole. Assume the pole to be a caisson of uniform diameter and the jack, the hands and feet of the boy. The jack has the lower and upper sections connected by air operated cylinders. The positive lifting connection is provided by the tie rods secured between the upper section and the load. The two sections ringing the caisson carry grippers which when inflated, grip the caisson and when deflated, permit vertical movement. The lifting cycle is as follows. Grip for load bearing with the lower section. With upper section grippers released, the cylinders transfer their energy through the tie rod to lift the load. The upper section grippers expand and secure the load. The lower section grippers release while the retractor jack raises the lower section to its new position. This cycle has raised the load 12 inches. The caissons are then driven into the ocean bottom by a crane operated pile hammer adapted to fit these large caissons. The barge can then be lifted by the air operated jacks to the desired height. Fenders to absorb the impact of docking vessels are then bolted to each caisson and to the barge. When all fenders have been installed, the pier is ready for cargo operations. As of January 1967, four DeLong Piers are operational in Camron Bay. Two in Quinyong and one each in Da Nang, Vung Ro, Vung Tau and Sada Hip, Thailand. The total United States discharge capacity for Southeast Asia is 6,000 short tons of cargo per day.


Hey guys, you want to go to the beach? I know I do. I'm artist Susan Jenkins in Monet Cafe and today's tiny painting tutorial We're still doing tiny paintings this month is of a beautiful and refreshing beach scene. All right Let's go grab your swimsuits. I'm still using this pastel set I'm gonna be talking about my supplies very soon, and I'm excited to bring you this pastel painting tutorial so come on in the studio with me and Jackson and We're gonna get started. I'd also really appreciate it if you would take a moment right now to like Subscribe and hit that little bell icon to be notified of future videos And I'm able to keep these free lessons coming because of the support from my patrons on my patreon page If you would like to consider becoming a patron It's only five dollars a month and you get extra goodies and extra content. Let me quickly show you my supplies This is the Jack Richardson soft pastels. They're called hand rolled. They're super soft that I've been using for a while now I'll talk more about those. I also am gonna be doing an underpainting. It's really where I'm just toning my pastel surface I love this product golden fluid acrylics fluid because it's really fluid It's kind of thinner and I'm gonna pop over here right now to my Amazon shop I have a clickable link in the description of almost every video where you can go to my Amazon shop and find a Lot of the products that I talk about in my videos now the particular set of pastels the jack Richardson 40 half stick set of soft hand rolled pastels can be found as a product review in my Amazon shop So if you want to learn a little bit more about those pastels, you can go down to my video reviews My product reviews. I'm gonna be making a lot more of these two Unfortunately, it's the second one in You guys have loved this set I've been telling everybody about and it's sold out so way to go guys y'all are really buying these pastels But if you click on the video, you can see my product review. They're all very short They're like five minutes long so you can learn a whole lot just from my Amazon shop And I'm gonna continue to add more product reviews now as I said it is sold out currently unavailable It says but you can find this set on Dick Blick. It's a site. I use a lot for art products for around a hundred dollars Now that might sound like a lot for Pastels soft pastel products, but you really do get what you pay for with soft pastels And I know because I was right there with a lot of you guys as beginners I could only afford a set of Rembrandt pastels when I first got started and they're a lot more affordable They don't quite have the punchy vibrant colors. They're not as soft But let me show you another pastel product that is a great buy. This has been a really good buy on Amazon for a while I also have these idea list in my Amazon shop if you scroll down This one is called beginner basics for pastel artists. I share different papers. I share Different products. There's some products you can actually use to make your own pastel surfaces Products to do under paintings and I also have little Captions that you can the little thing in the top right corner of each one You can just hover over it and it'll give you a caption of my description And if you scroll down on this particular Idea list that I have you'll see it the towards the bottom There's a set that I still think is one of the best soft pastel purchases out there It's a set by Sennelier. I love Sennelier pastels It is a hundred and twenty half sticks for about a hundred and forty dollars a hundred and thirty nine dollars now You saw that Jack Richardson was only forty half sticks for a hundred dollars. This is a hundred and twenty the colors are gorgeous Awesome. I also have a product. No, I don't have a product review video on that one But I will soon so you can click those links again in the description of this video to find that All right, that's some product information. Let's talk about the surface right now I'll be using a little sanded piece of paper This is artist trading card size and it's a little sanded surface and I'm going to be toning it I'll talk a little bit more about the sanded surface in a minute But oh, I'm almost out of this product because I love it so much. This is what's called an under painting I'm literally just toning this white pastel surface the product I'm also going to be doing a product review video on this product because I love it so much It's called golden fluid acrylics fluid because it's very fluid. It's um, it's not super. That's an old brush Right. Look at how tattered that brush is but it doesn't matter But it's very um, it's very it flows nice and easily. I'm not diluting this with water I'm just putting this beautiful color. It's called quinacridone nickel azo gold That is a huge name for color, but it is uh, huge in its beauty I love this color You can actually get it to be a little lighter than i'm applying it here if you use a sponge or a foam roller Um, or just press a little bit harder, but I love this color It makes such a nice under painting color to so many landscape paintings now very quickly before we start I want to share some options in case you don't have this little piece of color fixed paper I have a video uh where I demonstrate how you can make your own pastel surfaces I basically use a piece of matte board and I use a concoction to recreate this same effect And make my own kind of gritty surface and you can cut these to whatever size you want It's a very practical and more affordable way to create your own pastel surface So check out that video and just know there's so many options for recreating this painting You don't even have to have the same surface that i'm using reference image. I'm using is from a site I use often called unsplash.com. It's a great site for copyright free reference images You have so many awesome photographers. This photographer is christopher maximillion. What an important sounding name He's a handsome dude And he says he's a photographer and educator living and working in the pacific northwest I love working with new companies and people reach out now. He's got some awesome Photography in here. So anyway, I love how art connects us from all different genres of art Look and now the under painting is dry and i'm just using a white charcoal pencil Because the color is a little darker. I can use a white pencil to sketch And I am just speeding up the sketch now. This is super basic We're just getting in the general gesture of the clouds the horizon line I made a few little marks of kind of where the water would be coming up on the shore And where the little thin Wave of water is coming up and that's just about all you need Okay, because this is a teeny painting now if you don't know much about teeny painting Watch some of my previous videos because that's what we've been doing all month here in monnaie cafe And I actually have a lot of other Tutorials that focus on the benefits of tiny painting the last one I did I talked about like I don't know like 10 reasons why you should paint small It is really going to help you as an artist and there are many many benefits to painting small Now the rest of this is going to be real time I am going to talk about my products and I I think I may have said at the beginning of this video I almost exclusively used the jack riches sunset, but I didn't I used a majority of those Of those pastels in that set, but as you can see here these these more Square ones, they're actually normally rectangular and I break them in half. These are terry luddwig pastels Another outstanding brand of soft pastels This is another I believe terry luddwig. I think so sometimes You know, you can't tell when you've used them so long, but all I'm doing is getting in the general shapes Values big shapes. I'm focusing on getting the big shapes in I'm not getting all crazy about the little highlights on the clouds yet I just want to block in the big shapes and the big color now. Here's something interesting You see that color I'm doing with the sky right now The sky isn't really that color in the reference image and it's okay to use your artistic license But I know that I can kind of scumble another color over it to give some color interest Also, I know that the sky Often Almost always gets warmer down at the horizon line, especially during the daytime Because the sun is reflecting off of the horizon you get more warmth. That's why I use that a little bit of a teal color I also know that in water. I recently last month. I think it was last month We talked about water water everywhere. That was the focus of the month's theme And I talked about how there's usually a little dark line On a horizon line of water with the ocean And I don't know why that is if anybody knows the scientific reason for that that would be interesting And now I'm just scumbling in some of the little lighter values here. I'm not getting too crazy about the final Little highlights on the clouds.  I've been super tired lately I don't know why I haven't been sleeping.  That was me. That was my story of how mona cafe started. I wanted to Um, I always loved art when I was a kid Man, I got excited about any Birthday or any opportunity to get a present. I prayed it was some sort of art art supplies And so I always thought my dream job would be to be an artist and I majored in graphic design I actually love computers. I love video editing. I love gadgets So graphic design was a great mix for me a little bit of art and a little bit of computer You know a happy mix, but um I had the wonderful blessing of having three boys that are now men and that became my Best job in life. So you put your artistic aspirations on the back burner for a little while But then I wanted to get back into art and I had we're talking 20 plus years ago You didn't have all the resources you do now. I had a hard time finding out how to do this So that's where my passion came from that once I started figuring it out I thought you know what? I I love making videos. I'm just going to film myself and uh, that's kind of the Quick story of how mona cafe started, but that's the long answer as to why I just love talking to you guys Because I know there's some of you out there hungry. You may be in an area of the world where you can't learn Um, you may be financially in a position. I was in I I couldn't afford to go get private lessons or workshops and all that So anyway rambling on but I think some of you guys like that you mentioned, but then sometimes I get someone Rarely who says you talk too much or Um, this video uh has too much talking and I'm like, isn't this an instructional video? But I think they mean my little tangents like I'm doing right now. So okay really back to this painting. Um, This is a darker pastel It's the terry Ludwig eggplant color Oh, I am wrong. This is not this is one of the darker jack richison's the reason I could tell is it's round it's um, you know got a round shape and the terry Ludwigs are rectangular or square So this is a really nice dark that's in that jack richison 40 half stick set and usually trees are the darkest thing in a landscape painting They're vertical the sun's not hitting them on the sides, you know, they're kind of in shadow Or in the shade, you know, because the sun's up high And uh, so that's why they're typically darker now. I talk about this often in my videos I usually put down a darker value first because I know I'm going to come back in with another color It's gradually going to lighten up these trees are not going to stay this dark But it's a really good base color to start with Now I'm adding some kind of grassy color down to the bottom of the trees I know there's a little bit of land there and uh, typically I don't use something this warm in the distance this far But uh, I am going to layer some other color on top of this as well Now I'm just doing what's called negative painting kind of carving in behind some of the tree shapes With some of this pretty turquoise color and you can see I meant to talk about the color notes I have on my left side. I have them where you can pretty much see them in this video But if you're a patron of mine, you're going to get uh an attachment My patrons get they get the youtube video Sometimes they get extra footage in the youtube video, but they also get some extra goodies They will get my color notes for the paintings with my code as to what all those little letters are And they also will get often I'll take a reference image and I'll crop it I'll change it and it's different from the one that I share here And they get my cropped or my altered reference image This one was pretty much the way you see it on unsplash Now I added a little bit of warmth down there even though the the underpainting is already very warm I put another little brown now. I'm adding a little bit of those Sand colors in the distance and I really just kind of zone out and look at the shapes That's all I'm doing. I'm forgetting that I'm painting a beach I'm just kind of squinting my eyes and looking at how some of the shapes and colors are Making some little directional strokes And that's another one of the advantages of tiny painting that I shared in my last video is Well, let me see if I can remember a few of them. One is that it helps you to keep a real painterly style The painting is so small you can't focus on many details Two you can do a lot of them if your life is crazy Like mine has always been uh, you can really feel a sense of accomplishment. You can get a few of these done It's also great. The way you're going to get to be a better artist is to paint every day It is great to paint every day or as much as you can Because that's just truly the way you're going to get better. So it's hard to do that if you're doing really big paintings So if you set yourself a goal to paint 30 paintings in a month, you know, have you give yourself a little challenge Do these tiny ones because otherwise you're probably not going to get it done and it's going to be frustrating Um, I find tiny paintings are relaxing So lots and lots of benefits to painting small Now I just added that taupe color that I just had in my hand. I had added it on the beach But why do you think I would have added it in the clouds as well? Well often Your painting will feel more harmonious and connected if you repeat colors throughout I mean, you don't have to go crazy with this but also too that's how Physics works in nature is that anything that's in the sky It has a little subtle reflection on the land often and most certainly on the water So you get a kind of a similar color palette going on in sky and water and land I almost always add some of my sky colors even if it's a grassy landscape If I've got some purples in the clouds, I'll pop some purple in the grasses somewhere Now this is that really neat earthy green again And then I will add some more greens on top of that Now I wanted to give these a little bit more shape like a palm tree And so I'm giving kind of little Puffs up at the top and then I'll do a little more carving Is that the right word poofs that you could tell I'm tired, right? And then I'll do a little more carving into them to Get a little bit more of that shape and it's hard to do much of that because look how little this is and look how big the pastels are But usually you can just suggest things. That's all you have to do. You don't have to spell it all out. People get it It's a beach. They're probably palm trees So but this took probably about 30 minutes maybe a little longer Now the video is going to be shorter even though this is real time because I I try to Edit out any little wasted time, you know, sometimes I'll get called away on something or I'll Walk away from my easel for a minute. So I I cut the video up for your convenience and viewing pleasure And so it can be just painting time for you without a lot of pauses Okay, now I'm adding some of that pretty turquoise same color. I added in the sky again Reflecting what's in the sky in the water. There was a little bit more of that Royal kind of blue That was in the water again a little darker horizon line because this is the ocean And then I'm just going to gradually put in some more color. Now. This is a green. I almost never use It's like an artificial kind of a green But I popped a little bit of it in there because I thought it was just interesting It gave a little bit of warmth to that water It was a little warmer in in color was closer to green and this color I'm using right here And when you have tropical water or shallow water, you usually get a little more warmth You get a little more of the turquoise or a little more of the green Especially lake water is usually more greenish in shallow water. This was all in our last month's Lesson on Our theme of water. So every month we kind of have a theme Next month's theme I'm excited about it's going to be awesome. And if you Of course all these videos are free on Monet cafe But if you wanted to join the Monet cafe art group on facebook There's over 15 000 people in that group and everybody is so great They share their artwork. You've got some really professional artists in that group too. He'll give you some great advice So you can get questions answered. So it's Monet cafe art group On facebook. So if you're on facebook, um, check it out. It is a private group Not everybody in the world is going to see your art just the people in the group. Um, also to I have my own page on facebook. It's the art of susan jinkins. That's my page and I share a lot of things Just from an artist standpoint. I have a personal page too, but and I'm trying to build my instagram following If you want to follow me on instagram, you can find me at susan jinkins artist And I share a lot of little reels. They're the little short videos of things and all kinds of fun stuff So check it out And I hope you are learning if you're a subscriber here on Monet cafe. If you haven't subscribed yet I hope you will now i'm adding a little bit of the sand color still breaking up that little bit of grassiness or whatever's right next to the trees and just gently Layering it in and giving that sense of direction as to how the sand would be coming Across the beach and gradually coming in closer to the viewer And now the painting is really pretty close to done and it's just time to add A few little final touches I know that I want to create. I'm just lightening up the water a bit in some areas I know that I want to create some foam Even though the the reference image it's so tiny here and the painting is so tiny, but I know there's a little bit of foam happening with that Like wave that's coming up the beach So I add a little bit of dark right there Which is actually kind of like a little shadow underneath that wave And I thought I could actually kind of see some warm tones I know this is probably tiny on your screen, but in the reference photo. I know the sand is warm and I Thus used kind of a some browner tones underneath that and then I just start adding Some little dots and scumbles of lighter color. This isn't a white. It looks kind of white. It's almost like a gray white and Just kind of dabbing that in in different places along that wave line meandering it in and out And obviously trying to keep things a little smaller as they recede into the distance and a few little fun Splashes of some waves as well. Now. I like I actually talked about this last month when the theme was water I like if you look at the reference image, I like that little wetness of the sand and notice that that final It's not really a wave. It's just where the wave is receded that little wet area Is usually just a little bit darker than the sand itself And so I love to use this color right here. It's it's almost like a magenta. It's a little warm But it's a little darker than the sand color just to create that wet um wave or Former wave that was on the sand And now I'm going to finally go in and just look at where the sun is hitting some of these clouds I don't want to overdo it and also keep in mind You don't have to follow the reference image Exactly when you learn Some of the rules of focal point you learn how to create a stronger composition By not adding everything. I know that I don't want to add Too much detail along the edges of my painting what that does is it pulls the viewer's eye Right out of the painting. Um, so I usually try to keep things very subtle Towards the edges of the painting and it does it acts like a halo effect or an ellipse effect Where your eye stays contained in the painting and the other elements cause your eye to kind of dance around So you have that control and it may seem overwhelming at first To know all of these things and goodness gracious. It sure did to me. I was like what you know, how do I do that? But trust me the more you paint The better you get and the more of these things that start to come together They become second nature to you and you're not even thinking about them anymore That might sound like a a tall order right now if you're brand new But that's the reason why painting often is such a key to Becoming a better artist and that's once again why painting small is such a huge benefit Now i'm adding a little bit more um interest to the trees a little bit of that green You can see in the reference image It was like one of those days where the sun was shining and right behind some of those clouds And uh, it actually did warm up some of the greens in the background Again re-establishing some of the darks. I'm not going to keep it this dark You've got quite a bit of capability to still layer with this particular surface I used a prismacolor you can actually see the number there. It was a 313 prismacolor new pastel These are harder sticks. They're still soft pastels, but they're a little harder. Sorry for my shaking easel And they allow you to get in finer lines as in creating your little signature there So here's the final little painting. Now this is zoomed in way close You can see the influence of that gorgeous golden color peeking through I thought it made the perfect under painting color for this beach scene really brightened it up and made it fun So I hope you learned a lot in this tutorial. Check out the previous videos I have so many tiny painting videos. I've uploaded already this month. Believe it or not. I have more I'm running out of month though. So this one was fun I used metallic watercolor And iridescent pastels and then I'm going to show you hopefully if I can get to this video how to repurpose a failed painting This was a little piece of ur paper. I washed it off literally in the sink and thought I'd get a little abstract So those are still coming, but man get ready for the month of april I have a fun theme coming if you haven't subscribed Please do that like this video and leave me a comment. Believe it or not That really helps the success of this video And I appreciate you being here in our happy place and as always god bless and happy painting


Good afternoon and welcome to this session on the first day of the workshop. We will be talking about effective teaching and learning strategies in science and engineering classes both introductory and intermediate, but I guess since this is CS101 we will make sure that the focus is on those topics. So, here is a road map for today, what we will be doing for the rest of the afternoon and we will start off by discussing some problems in the teaching learning process and soon after consider strategies for that and by the end of today's workshop you will be able to identify some of these strategies, devise activities based on strategies, work with each other and a few more things. So, this list of some possible problems actually came out of the previous two workshops that we had done for instructors in CS101 and since we had live participants right there we had a very interactive session and we will try to make some of this interactive later, but this actually came from your colleagues and in fact if the coordinators are there you might recognize your own words in this list here that when we are in the classroom when we are teaching one of the biggest problems we have is that we have students of all kinds of levels, motivation, interest, etc. and the question is what do we do about it? Common complaints that came up the other day, the other two times were that students might be bored and one really common thing is that they mostly care about getting good marks and that is not wrong at all, but we have to deal with that constraint. So, what do we do and if we want to talk about effective learning, deeper learning, conceptual understanding, how do we reconcile that with the idea of getting good marks? And finally, from the teacher side one refrain that kept cropping up was we all know these problems are there, but what should I do in spite of all this? I am interested, some of you said well what should I do with the interest level? So, what I am going to do now is just flash another slide where we can see that there is no single prescription for good teaching, all of us know that and unfortunately I would not be able to give you those answers right here today, but what we do have is some guidelines and later today we will see about where these guidelines come from, what is the basis of them etc. But here is a list of some guidelines that we do not need to take into account specific individual students as well as populations as a whole and there is a reason of put them in this order right here you will see in a moment. Regarding the previous point about students tuning out etc. there is one thing we should be doing and that is to set expectations early, emphasize them often frequently enough and the last two questions are really the most important questions and that is where we will start from. One is what are the students goals and it could just be that the students goals are getting good marks, some students have other goals also we will see about those and we will see how we can address those, but the last question is where we want to start from that is what are your goals as a teacher and the reason I put this slide right here was I wanted to put the problems and the guidelines right next to each other because when I was thinking of these I thought well there has to be some sort of mapping between the problems and the guidelines that we are talking about. So the last one here how do I prepare in spite of all these problems really goes back to the question as to what are your goals as a teacher. So that is where we will begin this whole session and let me ask this question slightly differently again what are your goals what I am trying to ask is what do you want your students to take away from the days class. So one typical answer which we get which most of us give when we try to see what we want students to learn is by saying well in today's class we will be dealing with section 2.3 from the textbook and if you actually look at those that section you will see that it looks something like this the major topic could be for example in CS101 data representations and if you look a little further into the subtopics you will see words such as integer, floating point etc. etc. But what we really want to do today and from now on is to go from a set of words which just are words or phrases into something more specific more detailed where we know exactly what we should expect of the student to what level to what depth and what the performance outcome of the student must be. So I put this together this is in fact jumping many slides ahead but here is where we will get to by the end of today that something that looks like a series of words here can be rewritten in a few sentences where things are more specific. So if we are talking about floating point representations what we really want the student to be able to do is write the syntax for defining a floating point variable which means we want the student to say float x. We also want the student to understand what this x really means and if we want to go deeper than that or if we want some students to go deeper than that we want them to be able to explain how internally float x is represented how this variable is represented into the computer. So these kind of this list of goals is what we call as learning objectives and the first question we can think of is by asking ourselves what is the point of doing this why are we trying to get so excruciatingly detailed and why should we think about this in so much depth so much detail and really there are many reasons you will see today at some point we will see it is that both teaching and learning is a systematic process and we want to try to approach this in a more systematic scientific like process. So these are just words here and we will see again why what we really mean by these processes. So in order to prompt or in order to guide us further on how to make teaching and learning into a more systematic process how to make how to write these learning objectives in a more detailed way let us look at a few questions. Now the original question we had earlier what do we want students to take away from class instead of just dropping a few phrases we are trying to ask more detailed questions such as what skills knowledge and attitudes do we want our students to develop and based on that what will we do to the structure of our content how will we what resources will we use in class out of class for homework and finally how will we assess our students learning and what we will see is that when we start writing these learning objectives assessment becomes much more easier and much more systematic again. So let us start looking at what exactly these learning objectives are and how to write them mainly we want to spend the bulk of the time in the first hour on how to start writing these. So learning objectives indicates specific performance outcome of the learner and here are some which are not learning objectives. So understanding pointers appreciating object oriented program knowing data structures all these we claim are not learning objectives and I want people at this point to take a minute to think as to why we put these under the don't. Let us do an experiment let us see if anybody wants to attempt answering this question. So why are these under don'ts why are these not learning objectives and would anybody from ASC Bangalore try to think about hello Sangita this is Dr. Sangita from okay so Dr. Sangita from ASC Bangalore wants to say that these are not well defined and they are not measurable. So that might be one reason why these are not learning objectives. Thank you Dr. Sangita let us move on we will come back to you. So there we are that these need to be specific and they also need to be measurable and one more let us look at one more thing which we try to avoid when we write learning objectives. So often when we make notes for class we say something like today I will arrange I will have a lecture on character arrays or if you are teaching a course on ecology you might say today I will arrange a field trip and the claim is that these are not learning objectives either and here again we want to look at this last word in the sentence as to what a learning objective is that when we say we arrange a lecture or arrange a field trip or give a lecture we actually have the teacher in mind and not the student. So instead what we want to do is say something like the student at the end of this lesson will be able to do something. So they have to be concerned with the learner and not the teacher and our colleagues from Mission 10x will be talking about learner centric instruction in the next few days. So you will hear a lot more about these. So what we have in this chart is somewhat of a prescription as to how you would go about writing learning objectives. The center box here where we say that we formulate the learning objectives using action verbs identify list describe etc. This should give you a hint and in fact the second box down here is where you would start from that the student will be able to do or the student will be able to explain something. So we will come to examples in a few minutes but before that what I would like you to do at each of the remote centers is the following. So we are going to have activities we will try to make it interactive but in the absence of interactivity we will at least have the activity part. So first turn to your neighbor and if you do not know each other introduce yourselves because you have to do this task together with your neighbor. The task is that this is the first class you will be teaching in the topic of arrays and you need to write two learning objectives for that. We will give you a few minutes for that and after that we will ask you to share your learning objectives. So whoever is ready please just be ready we will request you can request for floor time you can raise your hand and our cameraman will put you over. So let us say two or three minutes for this activity. Periyar wants to share some of their learning objectives. The learning objectives is the learning objectives I am giving as follows to understand the purpose of arrays creating storing elements traversing elements the significance of index. The first one said that one learning objective is to understand the purpose of arrays and the second one was to create an index array elements I am sorry if I got that not exactly correct. So let us look at this one by one and the first one was to understand the purpose. Okay let us try to go back to the previous slide at least let me remind you. What we wanted to do is to indicate a specific performance outcome which means we wanted to say that the student should be able to do something. Now when we say that we want the student to understand the purpose of arrays let us use some of these action verbs to just restate those. And we can say something like the student should be able to explain why arrays are important and the reason the difference between the two when we say that the student should understand this is as a teacher how would we know if the student understands it or not whereas if we say that the student should be able to explain it it is very clear what we expect from the student. Would any other center like to share their ideas? Thank you Periyar. Any other center let us say ASC Amrithapuri, hello Amrithapuri, yes please. Hello Ryan, as I am saying just the purpose of the array or the objective of the array we should explain the students regarding the objective with an example like when we want to store the data in a bulk in contiguous location or in consecutive manner something like that. Okay what Amrithapuri wants to say is that instead of just talking about the purpose we also need to talk about examples for example such as if you want to store the data elements in a contiguous array. Now again I want to remind our goals for instruction which is also asking the same question as to what we want students to take away from the day's class or at the end of the unit. What we are really saying is that the student should be able to do something and show us something which we can clearly measure and assess at the end. So we want to think in terms of the student and not the teacher at this point. So maybe let us move on and look at a few more examples and this idea would become clear. Okay maybe one more center SGSIT Indore say that you have some answers. They need to be more practical real-world examples. Okay so what would the comment from Indore is that we need to have more practical and real examples and what I want to ask you to do is to write a sentence that says the student should be able to fill in the blanks. The student should be able to use they should know where the array is required in fact. Okay the student should be able to say where the array is required. Okay give examples of places where arrays will be required. That would be a learning objective for this for this topic. Okay so let us keep going on with a few more examples. Hello I am Pushpa from GSIT Indore. Okay hello Pushpa from Indore. First we should tell the students what is the limitation of a single variable and then we should tell them the purpose of array, how it is suffice that that actually need. After that the syntax should be given to the students and then an example. Okay so what we hear from Indore is that we should start from the limitations and we should start from the limitations and only then go into more details. Limitations of a single variable and that kind of leads me to my next slide. Okay let us look at the question as to when we have different learning objectives are they all at the same level are they all created equal and this is something what I heard from some of you that we need to do something first and then only then we need to do the other. So I put the three objectives that we had earlier for floating point variable. The first one said write the syntax for the variable. The second said describe the meaning of this syntax and the third one was to explain the representation the internal representation of this in terms of binary etc. So you will see that there is some sort of hierarchy and increasing level of complexity when we are talking about learning objectives and some of you in fact have brought this point in your answers. So this hierarchy actually comes in the form of a classification and the classification is known as a learning taxonomy. It was developed by Benjamin Bloom in the 1950s in the US and essentially what it is is a increasing order of steps where we try to classify a topic or classify knowledge and we say that initially we need to look at the lower or lower steps and only then move on to the higher steps which also involve the lower ones. Okay we have a question here from Salem. Sona College? Okay. So the learning objective of array is first, first we give the meaning of an array. After that we do the syntax for an array. I didn't give more examples. And then how to declare the array so we saw the learning objectives. And lastly we identified the representation, internal representation of an array. So we saw the learning objectives of array. Okay so we had some examples of learning objectives of arrays from Sona College and Salem. And again what they say follows this hierarchy that initially we need to start with the definition of an array and then we need to do some explanations then give examples and only then look at the internal representation. So again you're getting the point here that there is a hierarchy and SVNIT Surat also would like to share something. Yes regarding that learning objective for that array my suggestion is that before going to start array we first give some real-time problems that's related with array. Okay so SVNIT Surat in fact is is reading my mind in the sense that they're talking about slides that I'm going to talk about after half an hour. So they want to talk about some examples and some real-life examples. We will come to that in a few minutes in fact in a few slides. So I'll come back to you. Yeah regarding the pointers yeah before we explain them the points about the pointers as such it would be better and appreciated if we explain them as such the functioning of the pointers just through the concept of how the contents are get stored as in the form of envelopes. So what you access is the contents. Okay so the question here or the comment being made is that we want to look at the conceptual understanding of an array or a pointer before actually describing it further. Okay so let's go back to the different levels. We'll give you lots of chances to speak in the next couple of hours. In fact much of our session has to do with activities and questions coming from you. So we were talking about the different levels of learning objectives or different levels of knowledge as we go along and this is in a series of six steps according to this one hierarchy. The first one we call as knowledge where all we are saying is that how would you recognize something how would you recall facts. Typically questions that fall into this category start with define identify list site where all you're asking the person to do is trying to recall something that they already have heard before. The next higher level we call as comprehension where we are talking about meaning interpretation explanations descriptions etc and right after this series of six steps we'll see examples. The third level we call as application and here's where it gets interesting because we want to use knowledge that has been that we've already thought of in the knowledge and comprehension levels but apply them in a new situation which involves some principle or rule. So again typically questions which satisfy this objective start with the words apply calculate solve predict and so on. The next three levels are really more sophisticated and more complex and unfortunately we never get to these at the college level I would say never we rarely get to these at a college or school level but when you are talking about practicing engineers and scientists these are the levels that they want people to talk about. So we have something called analysis where you take a whole separate it into parts and understand what each part how each part relates to each other be able to look at the relationship between the parts and how you put them all together. The level that comes after this we call as synthesis where it's the opposite of analysis in the sense that you take little pieces put them together to make a whole and synthesis usually involves some creative behaviors planning so questions that we can ask in this level start with words like design device create and so on and I want you to take this slide really seriously because very shortly we'll be asking you to write questions. The final level according to the scheme is something called evaluation where you judge the value of something based on specific criteria you make decisions etc. Now the two things you want to see in this chart one is that there is an increasing level we already talked about it but let's look at say a level that is analysis. Now in order to do analysis we have to know the facts which means the knowledge level has to be included we also have to be able to understand we also have to know how to apply a rule etc. So the higher levels include each of the lower levels in this hierarchy. So this was a little bit of theory to help you go okay we'll move to the activity right now since we were talking about arrays I'll keep this slide on and now you have to do you have to work in groups I would suggest groups of three or four so just switch your chairs or move around and what you want to do is write assessment questions because finally we are interested in knowing what the learner wants write questions in each of these levels in the topic of arrays since we've already talked about arrays. So the way you can do it is use the action verbs on the right hand column and come up with questions in the topic of arrays for each of these levels. Just to give you a hint the then you want to go from bottom to top to give you a hint define is one of the first action word there. So how would you write a question on array which refers to the knowledge level using the word define. So this activity in fact you can take a few minutes about four to five minutes and work in groups of three come up write six questions one for each level and then you can share it with us. If you'd like we can start discussing level by level okay we already have a few responses and we also have a question from Amrita okay so let's go level by level we have one question at the we have one question at the knowledge level from Amrita and their question at the knowledge level is very specific they say define a one-dimensional array this is a very typical knowledge level question in arrays okay would you like to add one more question you were saying something okay another knowledge level question in arrays could be define a string in C using a character array. So typical these are typical knowledge level questions where you have define let's look at let's try to think of a comprehension level question okay we have a question at the comprehension level which says explain how the different array elements are stored in a memory and again it's good that you're using these action verbs they give you a very good hint as to how to frame these questions the moment you say explain how these array elements are stored it's more than recognizing a fact it's more than recollection what you have to do is to do you have to grasp the meaning of how these are stored and be able to articulate it so yes this is a comprehension level question how these array elements are stored some other center would you like to share a comprehension level question let's hear from Nandheed hello good afternoon and Nandheed has prepared a question for the evaluation level please go ahead and the question is evaluate the performance of evaluate the performance of one and two-dimensional array in terms of memory usage and CPU cycle time can you please repeat the last three words yeah I will repeat the whole question evaluate the performance of one-dimensional and two-dimensional array in terms of memory usage and CPU cycle time okay thank you so this is an evaluation level question from Nandheed evaluate the performance of one dimensional and two-dimensional arrays in terms of memory usage and CPU cycle time so the reason this question falls into the highest evaluation category is that in order to answer this question a student has to know what 1d and 2d arrays are be able to explain the differences between those be they also have to understand how each of these affect memory usage how each of these affect CPU time they have to take the performance of each of these arrays and analyze how how the memory is used so each of these first five levels is used in this evaluation question and that makes it into that's why this question can be classified as evaluation you said you had one more question Nandheed design two-dimensional array using two array okay the question is design a two-dimensional array using the syntax of two one-dimensional array so what sort of a structure would you write to create a two-dimensional array if you had two one-dimensional arrays yes this would be a synthesis level question yeah in fact this might have been one of the questions that we have written in our own example I have to look at the slides later and see any other center wants to share questions at the different levels we are receiving from Sumaya Mumbai okay the question is if you have a two-dimensional array to begin with how would you copy this the elements of this two-dimensional array into another array thank you for all your questions these are really good questions and it looks like people are getting the idea of it does anybody have an application level question we have AC Bangalore here do you have an application level or some other question hello hello hello yes what is your question application level in application level just by giving some code snippet we're asking them to find the output for the following code excellent so the question in the application level is that we show them a code a snippet of a code and ask for the output of the code thank you that would be an application level question because people would have to use their rules in a new situation which is a new code that we are showing so thank you AC Bangalore and I think what we'll do next is just run through our questions and you will see that a lot of these are familiar and in fact you have covered most of these questions so let's start from the knowledge level very quickly one slide back and this is again something that all of you mentioned good afternoon we have we have sg is s i t indore indore wants to ask a question yes ma'am my question is can we create an array of length zero size and if yes then why we created a compiler allow why allow the length of zero size array can we create an array of length zero size so here is a question yes i can hear you the question is can we create an array of zero size and i want all of you to think about if you ask this question at what level this at what cognitive level you would classify this question on and ma'am i have another question if we create an array of length n size then we use index zero to n minus one but if you we use index more n or more than n so it's a how what happened it's a compile time error runtime error okay so the question has to do with compile time errors and runtime errors and can we create an array of zero size and this would probably be an evaluation level question so what we'll do at this point is show us our examples and then maybe take one or two more centers we have another two hours to go so if you don't get a chance to give you give us your questions in this particular for this particular activity we'll come back to you in the next activities so let's look at some questions and we'll go through these really quickly since almost all of them have been covered next slide okay hello let's take one last thing hello yes one question was there that can one array be copied into another array so i want to answer for that it's very simple when to copy the contents of one into another one just declare two arrays of the same size like a of five b of five we have declared then get the content in one array either from the user side or you can visualize at the time of declaration only so in the array a you have some values then to copy these values into array b what can be done only take the for loop and with the help of for loop you can copy one by one the elements of one array into another array okay thank you symbiosis what symbiosis is trying to do is answer some of the one of the previous questions about copying one two-dimensional array into the other and since the answer was very long it will be hard to parap to repeat verbatim but to paraphrase what i can say is that they were trying to apply the different the or they were trying to find out apply the different parts to the synthesis and the analysis to answer this question so again let's go through some of the slides and we'll take questions later so if you could please hold off your request for a few minutes let's go through a few of the slides and we'll transfer the floor to you at the end of this and since there is a little bit of confusion let's start at the knowledge level again we had defined an array knowledge in comprehension we wanted to find out some of the questions we thought of was how is an array referenced this is again a question that did come up or we can ask explain why an array is required and i think this question did come up from one of the participants in the application level question we can ask students to write a program for example a program to find the maximum of a certain number of maximum of n numbers and as you're looking at the questions again think about why we have classified these into application or comprehension and so on so let's look at an analysis level question next this was exactly the question that one of you asked we show a program a snippet of a code and we ask what's the output of this program now depending on how intricate this program is we may be able to classify it as both application as well as analysis depending on how much of the breakdown one needs to do in the code it could be classified as analysis let's look at a synthesis level question it says suppose you have an array of numbers containing an unknown number of elements how would you devise an algorithm to sort these numbers now i know that the some of you want to say give answers to these that go beyond arrays but what we want to try to do is stick to one topic and see how within that one topic we can push the depth so that people are able to design and devise new algorithms sticking to the same topic and finally let's look at an evaluation level question in fact there are some very good questions came from the participants but one of the questions we thought of is is it always useful to have arrays and give examples where arrays may not be required or may not be useful and the activity that should have come next we've already done earlier so what we'll do now is pick another topic in CS 101 in programming we've talked a lot about arrays so what i want you to think of is pick any other topic that you will teach again in groups of three or four or maybe if you have a smaller center the entire group write similar write assessment questions for each of these levels and okay we will give two minutes per center and we'll start with the centers that haven't got a chance to present their answer so far so let's say about three or four minutes new topic not arrays and please write these questions for the new activity where you had to write questions for the new topic please raise your hand again if you have something to share okay we have one from Indore so we'd like to broadcast Indore so that we'll see what they have to share yes madam you've thought about structure as an example the topic is structure please go ahead yeah we started with knowledge where we ask the basic questions such as what is structural how do you define it and who all can be the members of structure okay so the question this was a knowledge level question on what this what is the structure excellent question please go ahead yeah the basic one the knowledge level this is how you recall the facts to the students okay do you have more levels in structure then we have tried for the comprehensive level also okay the comprehension level question is where we there we ask questions why structure is important because it is in a position to store the heterogeneous members okay there in array we are just limited with the homogeneous members okay they are asking a comprehension level question where there you have to think about the difference between an array and a structure okay maybe one more question and yeah then we have thought about the application level also okay application question we ask the students how to store the details of a customer how to store the details of a customer which comprises of the customer name number his address telephone number and birth date on okay excellent so to store the details of the customers you would need to apply knowledge in a new situation using principles etc so that would be a application level question thank you so any other center who have a new topic let's look at NIT surat kall because I don't think we have heard from them earlier taken the topic as fact for our analysis okay hello yes please go ahead hello ma'am we have taken stack as an analysis for everything for the first level of knowledge we have a question which goes like this what is a stack okay their topic is stack and their knowledge level question is what is a stack do you have anything do you have a question in a higher level for example analysis or synthesis in stack for analysis we have a question which goes like this define how you can use back in recursion what is the role of pack in recursion so they want to ask questions about using stack in recursion for the analysis level okay please go ahead and for next level evaluation we can evaluate how you can make a comparison between recursion and iteration and which one is far better whether using a stack which uses recursion or whether going for a iteration okay this is again a very good evaluation level question because they want to try to compare recursion and iteration in a specific situation and see which one is better in which situation okay any other center wants to share a topic thank you surat kal let us let us look at government engineering college trissure function functions is our topic the topic the knowledge level the question is function functions the topic is functions okay next level function and next comprehensive level describe the concept of a function okay with an example let us include function declaration the definition call all these things okay this is really a very good distinction between knowledge and comprehension because in knowledge you talked about definition of a function and in comprehension you talked about description of the conceptual level along with an example okay please go ahead concept of function yeah there's a application application level so write a program to calculate the factorial of a number using functions okay writing factorial of a number using functions is an application level question and analysis level so differentiate the different methods of passing arguments to a function and and uh synthesis level write a program to passing an array to a function for this application let let me comment upon a couple of these at the application level you are you wanted to write a program to find out the factorial now when you say that at the synthesis level when you say that you want to write a program to pass an element or an array to the to the function what we are doing again is using some rules in a new situation what we are not doing is creating something new so while your application level question really fits the category what I might suggest is that when you are trying to pass in a pass an element to a function you are again applying rules in a situation and when you're thinking of synthesis what you really want to be doing is creating either a new new rule or putting two things together where the hole is bigger than parts etc or maybe you're trying to create a new data structure that would be a good synthesis level question okay thanks let's look at VNIT Nagpur uh hello is it possible to use recursion without iteration the question is is it possible to use recursion without iterations so what we can do is if you want to comment on each other's question you can write these questions down and we will try to have some more sessions later or you can think you can type these in and send us or we can talk about this tomorrow so at this time I would request all of you to focus on the activity and instead of commenting on instead of trying to answer each other's questions we have 22 centers that we are trying to coordinate here let's take one more coap Pune question on comprehension is explain pointer to a function visit syntax and example the third question on application is write a program to sort numbers using pointer and the question on analysis is differentiate between pointer and array the question on synthesis advantages of pointers over array let me interrupt for a moment here there was a question about the advantages of pointers over arrays in fact that is a very good evaluation question okay please go ahead okay the last question on evaluation is what that application of pointer okay so uh your questions some of them might be categorized into different categories for example when you are thinking about the advantages and trying to compare one structure over the other what you're doing is uh judging two things or making decisions based on criteria so we would classify them more as evaluation than as synthesis please go ahead evaluate the effect of pointers with respect to security of data okay another evaluation question is evaluating the evaluating pointers regarding the security of data okay thank you what we'll do at this point is take a 10 minute tea break and then we'll continue the session