No photos, no photos. I have no idea where you'll put those. Were you ready? Oh wait, we started with the music right? I don't know. I thought you were ready? Oh I thought we were doing Little Mother. Come up inside. We're not doing this by the night? That's right here? No? Yeah, okay. We are the capital of our brave little state. You must not hesitate to legislate for big changes. There's a golden dawn, my little Montpelier.  Pay attention to the dangers that we face in the Green Mountain State. Poisons in the wild must take measures to keep her my green and unspoiled. We'd be asked to be having to make a choice between which poison we were going to ingest. Taking a sip of water, taking a bite out of an apple. And yet here we are in the people's house to talk about a class of chemical poisons called PFOS. The coalition here today is here to share the threats that are poisoning our people, whether it's in an apple, through our water, in our soil, in our clothes. It's even in the rain. They're going to share the threats. They're also going to share some of the solutions being offered by legislators who are actually concerned about the health of our people, of Romaners and our natural world, rather than protecting the interests of the polluters, the people propagating, proliferating these poisons. It was said famously by Margaret Mead that, never doubt that a small group of committed citizens can change the world. And here today I'm going to introduce you to the small group of committed citizens who are indeed going to change the world with their advocacy here in the State House. My name is James Ellers. I'm with Lake Champlain International, and it's now my honor to introduce my friend and colleague, Marguerite Adelman, with the Vermont Military PFOS, excuse me, the Vermont Military Poisons and PFOS Coalition. This past Saturday, Montpelier hosted a climate justice rally. Today we are bringing you the other half of that story, an environmental justice event. Focused on PFOS, pesticides, and toxins. As the coordinator of the Vermont PFOS Military Poisons Coalition, I'm pleased that environmental groups and activists have joined together to bring our state representatives' messages about toxic substances. And I want to start with a riddle. You can't see, smell, or taste it. You can't destroy or contain it. You really don't know much about it, but it's harming you and your family. What is it? The answer? Per and polyfloral alkali substances, better known as PFOS or forever chemicals. PFOS are a class of 15,000 plus man-made chemicals that do not break down in the environment. They travel in air, dust, soil, and water. And according to recent surveys, very few Americans have the knowledge that they need to protect themselves or their families. Since their discovery in the 1940s, they have been added to more and more products. Today they are practically in everything. PFOS are linked to thyroid disease, ulcerative colitis, high cholesterol, pregnancy-induced hypertension, weakened immune systems, reproductive health problems for both men and women, learning and developmental disabilities in infants and children, and cancer. As far back as 1950, chemical companies like 3M and DuPont conducted studies demonstrating that PFOS chemicals pose health risks. These industry studies and documents detail a history of deception that far exceeds that of the tobacco industry. PFOS is now truly a global problem. There isn't a place on earth where you can't find PFOS contaminants. And Vermont has done a better job than most U.S. states in regulating PFOS. But we must do more to save our environment and improve the health of our citizens. Vermont has over 200 known, and this is only known at this point in time, contaminated sites, 60 public drinking water systems, many of them in school districts, five military bases, 36 landfills, 173 industrial sites, seven wastewater treatment plants, five airports, five fire protection sites, and eight Superfund sites. Our environmental groups have put together a list of demands that we want to see met within the next five years. To ban PFOS as a class of chemicals by 2030. It is not good enough to regulate only five or six forms of PFOS. Chemical companies simply substitute a non-regulated form of PFOS when another one is regulated. We need to end sewage and wastewater overflows. Sewage and wastewater contain PFOS, pesticides, and other toxins. We need to reduce pesticide use by 50% by 2030. Bugs and weeds are becoming resistant to these chemicals, and we need to look for new management systems and practices. We need to ban landfills from releasing leachates into our waterways. Water is sacred, and we aren't yet able to destroy PFOS. All we can do is filter them, and that filter still needs to go somewhere. In other words, the PFOS is still here. We need to ban the use of biosolids on agricultural lands until they are proven safe. We don't need PFOS and pesticides in our food poisoning us and our children. Consider the cost of health care for PFOS-related diseases, developmental disabilities, and infertility. Consider the cost of testing water, soil, animals, fish, food, and people for PFOS.  All of these costs should inform our legislators that the only logical and cost-effective step is to ban the use of PFOS as a class of chemicals, hold industry responsible for cleanup, and support municipal infrastructure improvements to water, wastewater, and sewage treatment plants. If a foreign government, instead of a chemical company, was succeeding in poisoning the American population at the rate we are poisoning ourselves, many would consider that an act of war. We are not on this planet to protect the global chemical industry. We are here to protect people and living things and to protect our planet as well as our future generations. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you, Marguerite. Next, John Brabant with Vermonters for a Clean Environment. Thank you, James. Hi, I'm John Brabant. I'm the regulatory affairs director for Vermonters for a Clean Environment. We work on energy issues, environmental issues, and all with an eye towards citizen engagement. All with an eye towards citizen engagement and making sure that the regulatory processes that are available now that allow for citizen engagement are maintained. Vermonters for a Clean Environment is a member of this coalition and has been working hard with these folks. Out of concern over PFAS, which for the younger folks who are studying chemistry in the audience, is known as perfluoroalkyls or polyfluoroalkyls. There are a class of chemicals that is, by EPA, statements and studies, highly, highly toxic to humans and other living species on this planet. And as has been said already, it's ubiquitous. It's in our air, it's in our water, it's in our food, it's in the food growing soils, not only from atmospheric deposition, but also from the land application of sewage sludge, which has been called biosolids. Don't be fooled by that term. So, one focus of our group is to see that legislation that adequately, fully addresses the concerns that Marguerite and James have raised, makes it through this body, both the House and Senate, and onto the Governor's desk, to address PFAS. This PFAS contamination problem. Senate Bill S-27 has passed a Senate, I'm sorry, 25, not to be mixed up with 197, has passed a Senate and is now over in the House. There's another bill that has been handed off to the Senate Health and Welfare Committee. There was a joint hearing on both S-197 and S-25 last week, and there'll be more hearings on those two bills this week in Senate agriculture and hopefully joined by Health and Welfare Committee senators as well. Our goal is to see that these two bills are merged, the language in them is merged. S-25 addresses PFAS contamination in textiles, et cetera, but 197 is much broader. It requires the Department of Health to develop a database and seek out testimony from individual Vermonters impacted by the presence of these contaminants and develop a database to essentially build the case for why these things are of concern to us. There are a number of other provisions that are important also that deal with drinking water contamination and addressing that more fully. Presently, the Vermont Department of Health standard for PFAS contamination is a combined level of 20 parts per trillion in drinking water. That's the allowable amount of contamination in Vermonters drinking water that the Department of Health has determined as long as you keep it below that level is helpful. I would like to point out that the US EPA has issued an advisory that's already old. It came out in July of 2022. That is six orders of magnitude below what the current Vermont maximum contaminant level for drinking water is. That is .004 parts per trillion that they advise should not be exceeded in drinking water. We would ask among other things that the drinking water standards arrived at by the Vermont Department of Health at least parallel what the EPA advisories are, and they should not be any less strict. In fact, if they go anywhere, they should be more stringent. So that is an amendment we'd like to see to hopefully this combined bill. The bill again being moving the language in S197 into S25. I want to thanks folks for showing up today and showing your support. Lastly, I'll let others speak. Folks need to be aware, need to be cognizant that we should we cannot arrive at solutions to our greater environmental problems by focusing on one area of contamination. This legislature has been entirely focused over the last five, six years on our climate crisis. It's real. I think it's a hundred times worse than it's been portrayed in terms of the deleterious effects of CO2 on our environment and our weather. That being said, the silver bullet magic solutions that are being not only proposed but now are being forced upon Vermonters by 2030. You will not be able to buy a vehicle in this state unless it is driven by lithium ion batteries, essentially electric vehicles. Those batteries are heavily laced with PFOS. All these technologies are heavily laced with PFOS. Intentionally, they provide a benefit to their function. These high functioning lithium batteries function at that level. They get the hundreds of miles to a charge because of the presence of PFOS. This is something that the legislature has yet to investigate. We would ask that they look at all the implications of rolling out these renewable energy technologies on our landscape. The solar panels that are populated in our landscape, there's a called back plate or back panel on every solar panel and they are coated with a PFOS contaminant. I'll let others speak but just be aware that these single focus efforts at this legislature need to be broadened and we need to look at the entire set of environmental implications of human activity on our planet. Thank you. Thank you, John. Our next speaker with the Vermont Pesticide and Poison Action Network, Sylvia Knight. Thank you, James. Good afternoon. Good afternoon. Bonjour. Buenos dias. My name is Sylvia Knight. I live in Burlington with my beloved husband, Bob Wright. I'm a founding member of Vermont Pesticide and Poison Action Network, a coalition of activists around Vermont. Vermont PAPN came together in 2022 on the issue of pesticide reduction, engaging with the state on the first vision of pesticide regulations in over 30 years. First revision of pesticide regulations in over 30 years. We declare a citizen's mandate to reduce pesticides because the agency of agriculture has never complied. Never complied with a 50 year old requirement to reduce pesticide use in Vermont and actually instigated the legislature's repeal of that 50 year old law in 2021. The question arises, to whom are they accountable? Just to who are they accountable? We declare a citizen's mandate to reduce pesticides because every year the agency of agriculture reports use of over one million pounds of pesticide active ingredients. Not including the unidentified ingredients, which can be a large portion of the pesticide products used. Nor do the data include pesticides purchased over the counter by individuals. This accounting system must be reformed. Why now? Our pollinators are suffering and without them we don't have food. International waters are contaminated. Our food is contaminated. Our health is compromised in many ways. And PFAS are contaminating the pesticides used in Vermont. Once again, pesticides or PFAS are contaminating the pesticides used here in Vermont. We declare a citizen's mandate to reduce pesticides because PFAS and many pesticides are in our endocrine disruptors. They're missing with our hormonal systems at very low amounts. Affecting reproduction, development, immune systems, nervous systems and causing cancer. Pesticides like glyphosate mess with our gut microbiome, making us more prone to disease and viruses and to other toxins. Many health limits set by EPA are essentially meaningless now due to the toxic combinations of pesticides and PFAS that endanger our creative abilities and our own genetics.  This is environmental injustice to us all and to future generations. And it is time to cause systemic, to create systemic change. Our citizens mandate invites you and your neighbors to create pesticide-free lands to work with us to demand accountability and to honor the community of life on Earth now and for future generations. Please contact vt.papan at gmail.com. Thank you. Thank you, Sylvia. Our next speaker, Henry Ko. Henry's with Don't Undermine, Lake Mefremagog, otherwise known as Dumb. I will read this. I don't have confidence in my own ability to ad-lib. My name is Henry Ko, chairperson of an all-volunteer grassroots environmental organization composed mainly of Northeast Kingdom and Quebec residents of the Northern Flowing International Lake Mefremagog watershed. I'm sorry. We formed in the summer of 2018 as a citizen opposition to the additional expansion of the private Coventry landfill. In spite of broad public opposition and oral and written comments and little public support for the proposal, Vermont's Department of Environmental Conservation approved the 51-acre expansion proposed by the landfill's private owner. You know, we have only one landfill. That landfill has the politicians and the regulators over a barrel. There's no other option. So they continue to approve and approve. Dumb appealed the decision, but for lack of funds, entered legal mediation in the fall of 2019. The expansion was upheld, but the environmental court upheld a condition important to citizens on both sides of the border. That a moratorium be placed on the disposal or treatment of toxic landfill leachate anywhere in the Mefremagog watershed effective through 2023 and since extended to 2026. Dump is supportive of all citizens and legislators efforts to prevent PFAS bearing products from in here in Vermont, which will constantly contaminate our people, our surface and groundwater, our soils and air. As individuals as communities, we must take greater responsibility for the waste we generate closer to home. I'm going to repeat that as individuals and as communities, we must take a greater responsibility for the waste we ourselves generate. We must reset our mentality of out of sight, out of mind for our garbage waste. While the single landfill model may be business friendly, it is decidedly people and environmentally unfriendly. We live in the Northeast Kingdom, we who live in the Northeast Kingdom live with Vermont's only permitted landfill, poorly sited just one mile upslope from the lake Mefremagog. To that landfill goes the largest portion of PFAS containing materials in our solid waste stream. An average of 100 semi trucks per day ply our state roads and highways each carrying 33 tons of garbage all over the state and dump it, dump it, their loads, unspected into the landfill. These trucks are hosts to PFAS, PFAS are most toxic and dangerous invasive species, as well as thousands of other toxic contaminants. Unable to break down or decompose highly mobile in water, PFAS are a perpetual threat to the purity of water in the lake Mefremagog, from which 175,000 Canadians take their drinking water. This is a little known fact, our neighbors in Sherbrooke and Magog and the central southern Quebec take their drinking water, use the lake Mefremagog as their drinking water reservoir, and we have a Vermont outhouse, one mile away from that lake, poised on top of it. You can see why the Canadians are upset. This is not allowed in international law to export one's waste across an international border, nor is it allowed in the Geneva Convention of War articles and associated articles as well. The three counties of the N.E.K. contribute just 7% of the waste at the privately owned Coventry landfill. 73% of the 600,000 tons per year comes from the rest of Vermont, while 20% of our most toxic latent waste, sludge and contaminated soils, come from out of state. This is classic environmental injustice to those of us living in the Northeast Kingdom and Mefremagog's eastern townships in Quebec. Orleans County has hosted Vermont's largest landfill for nearly 30 years. No locally as Mount Trashmore, the 129 acre landfill has less than four years remaining on its current permit to operate. It is time to plan now for modern and equitable solid waste policies for Vermont. We support H48, a bill in the House Energy and Environment Committee, as the vehicle to form a solid waste study commission. This study commission will address waste issues comprehensively and recommend updated solid waste policies for Vermont. We have done support this coalition of voices for the protection of human health and the environment through joint attempts to prevent the impact, the import of PFAS bearing materials and products into Vermont. Thank you. Thank you, Henry. We move from the Maygod watershed up north now to the Winooski watershed, Buzz Furver Farmer from Berlin. Hey there, farmer. So I've been in Berlin for nine years farming. This will be my tenth season coming up. I've been in Vermont for 20 years and I come from Pennsylvania and remember very clearly when by the solids were starting to be put on the land there. And there was a lot of people that were very upset and a lot of work seemingly went into it and a lot of people were, a lot of the vested interests that were going to make money off spreading biosolids, put a lot of time into making sure that program was very well endorsed. And today, one of my good friends who ran that, in private industry, ran a very large program that is so upset at 90 years old. He just can't believe what he's been part of there with spreading of biosolids. When I bought my farm in Berlin, one of the critical things I was looking for is, has this farm not had any biosolids or any other input, any bad imports for quite a while? Unfortunately it had not. I would invite every one of you who has any interest in your own life, your own health and your own safety to do a little bit more looking at what PFAS is due to you and where they are, because they are literally in everything. And everything that keeps off water or moisture or grease, they are there. And so we have them all around us all the time and they were unknown or they were known, but it was unknown that we would be in this state now, 40, 50 years later, after spreading all the biosolids here for all this time. And that's not counting all the PFAS that we are putting in the water, in the air, in the land and in the soil. And all that, it's a very toxic, very dangerous poison for us to be fooling with and we should definitely ban it entirely. There is no comprehensive list of what products we have that have PFASs in them. We don't have that list. We don't know who's using it where, but we do know it's being used virtually in everything, because it's indestructible and it's repellent and extends the life of so many other products that it's in. So for the soil, for the trees, for the water, for the air, let's get rid of PFASs and all this other stuff. The landfill, you know, in nature there is no waste. You look at a forest, a prairie, any ecosystem, there's no waste. So eliminating the concept of waste is where we need to go. We need to have that as our goal, not just reducing. Reducing is good, but how do we start to think about emulating nature so that we're not making waste that we have to get rid of or that will haunt us for centuries or millennium or forever? Thank you. Thank you, Buzz. Our next speaker representing the swarm, Zorian Iqvive. I want you to say that again. I'm Zorian Iqvive Gray and I'm 13 years old. Speaker on the Pollinator Report radio show to speak about my certified wildlife habitat garden, rewilding and a youth's perspective on pollinator decline. I'm also a new member of the Pollinator Activist Group, The Swarm. I'll start with the question that I've been wondering about lately. When legislators make decisions, how far into the future do they think? To their next reelection or to the lives of their grandchildren and to my generation's adulthood? How far into the future were they thinking when they allowed the use of under-tested DDT, causing cancer in the near extinction of our national icon, the Bald Eagle? How far into the future were they thinking when they allowed highly toxic PCB chemicals for over 50 years and then didn't test schools for them for another nearly 40 years after their banning? I like to imagine what the world will look like when I'm as old as many of you are, but when the future looks scary, I feel betrayed. Short-term thinking is the unsustainable practices of conventional agriculture. Through monocropping, over-tilling and using harmful agrochemicals, modern agriculture manages to grow more food today by the huge cost of the future's vital pollinators and soil. I can't imagine a world without vanilla and chocolate or a Vermont without apples, pumpkins and blueberries, but without pollinators, these plants won't survive. In some places, like parts of China, pollinators have already been decimated and fruit trees only grow at all because workforces of humans laboriously pollinate them by hand. It's a losing battle. I understand the concern of the dairy industry that relies on GMO pesticide-treated seeds, but only in recent years have cows been eating corn or grain instead of natural grazing. Besides, grain and corn increase the methane cows produced, contributing to climate change and making their meat and dairy less healthy, but if we focus our research on organic regenerative farming, we will create a healthy future protecting vital soil and pollinators and reducing the climate crisis. Looking at Vermont's endangered species list, I see many animals that I didn't even know existed. Water creatures like legendary lake sturgeons, giant salamanders called mud puppies, and spiny soft-shelled turtles are endangered through overfishing, shoreline development, and chemicals in the rivers. In land animals, like four species of bumblebees, five species of bats, and many once-common birds like the whipper whale, the nighthawk, the venom bark and upland sandpiper all endangered through the industrial agriculture and its use of pesticides. The truth is that we have always had these animals in Vermont, and our plants have co-evolved with pollinators. We are already losing many of these species, and if we don't change our agricultural practices, the next generation may never get a chance to see them. And worse yet, our ecosystems will fail. But what if we do act now to stabilize our ecosystem? With the gradual and just transition, jobs will be created. And when I'm your age, my friends and I will live in a world with a rich diversity of birds, pollinators, and aquatic animals, and will have more access to healthy food and water. Need you, our state legislators, to change the trend. Have a view that stretches into the future and consider the lives of us youth and all of the other creatures that we share this beautiful state with. Will future Vermonters blame your generation for decimating our essential pollinators and threatening our food systems? Or will they thank you for preserving our land and health? That's up to you. I want to end by thanking those of you who are sponsoring the important legislation we need to secure our future. And I hope the rest of you will too. Thank you. That includes the formal portion of our presentations. In summary, following up Zorian and her extremely powerful remarks, I would like to further call on the politicians. Politicians run and seek office because they're seeking power, and on behalf of all of those downstream, I would ask that the politicians use that power to protect the people and our natural communities instead of polluters. Will happily entertain any questions at this point? And then we have a sing-along. And then we have a sing-along for those who are interested. Thank you very much for attending today. The swarm, I believe, is going to finish with another song with us, the pollinator song. Hey, guys. I got a jet out of here, but... I'm going to stop here.


Hello everyone, welcome back to another session on dentistry and more. So we are continuing our dental age estimation methods. So far we finished the dimensions method, the Gustavson method, the role of Palatal Roge and the role of third molar. Today we have the role of dental DNA. So as we all know teeth can resist extreme conditions. So teeth are an excellent source of DNA. So actually what happens once we get the DNA, we conduct a PCR method that is polymerase chain reaction which allows amplification of highly degraded DNA. So once we get the teeth and we get DNA we can do the PCR polymerase chain reaction and we can do amplification of this highly degraded DNA. So this facilitates the comparison with a non-biological anti-motum sample of the person such as we can get the person's DNA from the hair, from a comb, epithelial cells, from a toothbrush or babsy specimen. So we can take the DNA and compare it with this. The advantages are DNA pattern can be compared to the parents or siblings, thus facilitating a positive identification. So basically we have two types of DNA that is nuclear DNA, nuclear DNA that is genomic DNA. This is located in the nucleus of a cell and commonly used in nuclear studies. The second DNA is mitochondrial DNA and this is present in the mitochondria of cells. So how do we extract the dental DNA? So the tooth pulp is considered as the best source of dental DNA. So this dental DNA can be extracted and can be used for personal identification using HLA DQ amplification method. Next we have cytogenic grinding, cytogenic grinding. The technique is cooling the whole tooth to extremely low temperature using liquid nitrogen then mechanically grind it to very fine powder then we get sufficient amount of DNA. We can use intact, curious as well as a root filled tooth. First we cool the tooth to extremely low temperature then we grind to a fine powder. But the main problem of cytogenic grinding is tooth needs to be completely crushed. So according to Trivedi, Trivedi what he suggested was less destruction method for DNA isolation unlike cytogenic grinding. So he suggested opening of the root canals scraping the pulp area with a nosed medical needle then subsequently flushing the tissue debris and use the material for DNA isolation. First root canal be opened then scrape the pulp area with a needle then flesh the tissue debris and use it for the extraction of DNA. So this retains the morphology and physiology of the tooth unlike the cytogenic grinding. This was done by Trivedi et al. So likewise we can get the DNA and use the DNA for person's identification comparing it with the person's parents siblings or person's anti-mortem DNA where we get it from the toothbrush specimen or even from the hair or the it can be extracted from the hair in the comb what the person used before. So likewise we can estimate the age or person's identification using dental DNA. So that's all about dental DNA and its role in forensic dentistry. I'll come up with the histologic method of age estimation or the histology tooth histology and its role in dental age estimation. Thank you.


Well, one of the great things about this job and this film in particular is how immersive it is and how you really feel like you're out there in the elements.  You really kind of can try and understand what it was like for these guys, and obviously they were doing it 24-7 every day of the year, which sounds impossible to me. And we've kind of, we've got it easy, we're working like 10 hour days. When you think about it, it's not, that's not too bad compared with, compared with the reality of it. So these guys were tough and it really makes you appreciate it. Nine times out of ten, the set you're working on is going to be filled with big bright lights and these get really hot.  So yeah, you get nice and sweaty most of all. Get a momentary taste of claustrophobia, the intensity, water levels up to your waist.  We're all professional enough to keep it together during takes when we need to. Just before we, you know, action is called. I think that there's quite a lot of ad-libbing and us trying to trip each other up and nothing specific per se. I think we're really blessed with quite a humorous cast, not myself included. But I think Paul, Toby and Stephen especially, the three of them have a good sparring sessions before each take. I heard that there was a bit of farting happening. There was a little bit, yeah. I won't name names, but I will point fingers if they're around. No, I think it's a group effort really. We have a force to eat a lot of soup and eat a lot of steak. Harmonies are farting. No, it's an orchestra of fart. But no, fart noises is one of those things that get, I feel so childish. I think it's when a group of boys get forced together. It's becoming more and more childish as the shoot goes on. I did join. Stevie, I won hands down. I think he probably, I think it was the steak he was eating. That was his excuse at least. No, it all got a bit silly last night.


This is stock number 10270. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used light duty truck headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2014 GMC Sierra 1500 double cab short box. This truck has the 5.3 liter V8 motor. From this HD video you will be able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around inside and out. No denser dings on that front bumper has a projector lamp headlamps. Summit white is the color we shoot all of our videos in 1080p so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn them on right now because it is like you're right here looking at the truck with me and definitely your best way to check out the vehicle before seeing it in person comes with rough country steps. Lower rockers all look really good. Mickey Thompson painted alloy rims and it has like new cumho road venture LT28570R17 tires with just about all the tread left you can still see the little wear knobs on there frame and under bodies in really nice condition hood is an excellent shape I didn't see any dents or dings on that comes with a rough country blacked out grille nice bug guard passenger side fenders in nice shape as well and the passenger side rim is in nice condition too as you go down this side of the truck you can see just how clean the body is how reflective and mirror like that paint is we take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just can't make the trip down you can still see the truck here the truck and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here cabs in excellent shape and down this side very clean as well we want to make sure you get the most accurate representation so when you get here there's absolutely no surprises in fact we offer a summit auto fast pass option where you can go right on our website apply for financing get approved check out your payment and even appraise your trade all right at summitauto.com back rims in excellent shape and the back tires are just as new as the front front tires has rough country shocks in the back here and as we come around to the back of the vehicle you get the rear bumper with the steps in it the full towing package which includes a receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring the tailgate is in really nice condition as well has a locking tailgate spray and bed liner that's in really nice condition and it has the easy lift assist tailgate as well down this side of the truck just as clean as that passenger side very nice shape and this back rim is just as clean as the rest of them down the rest this side of the truck no dents no dings inside the sle package gives you the black cloth interior there are no rips there are no tears on the seats they're in nice shape has the rubber floors throughout for easy cleaning power windows power locks and power mirrors auto headlamps turned out four-wheel drive with an auto feature and the factory brake controller and as you hop inside the truck you can see that this one has 82 554 miles instrument clusters nice and clean leather wrapped steering wheel cruise controls on the left bluetooth and information center controls on the right has the six-speed automatic transmission with the optional tap shift and this one comes with the GMC and telelink system AM FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities a CD player and this one does have on-star capabilities as well this is also where your backup camera shows up climate control down here power pedals cargo lamps and stability control as well as the parking sensors you can turn those off or on passenger side floor and seat are in excellent shape as well no rips or tears on there and the headliner is in nice shape too like i said it has on-star capabilities in the mirror there you go now we'll take a quick look under the hood and at the back seats back seats are just as clean as the front seats no rips or tears back here latch child safety system for your child car seats rear window fixed glass with defrost and you can see that the flooring back here is in nice shape as well and we'll take a quick look under the hood i would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this hd video you'll have been able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around inside and out under the hood we have the five three va motor engine bay is very clean runs very smooth this truck has been fully safe to and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change all the fluids have been checked and topped off truck has been gone through mechanically 100% and is 100% ready to go see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars trucks scvs minivans wranglers half tons three quarter tons one tons you name what we got it go to our website www.summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summit auto.com and if you'd like to check out more hd videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto remember to like subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there in fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our youtube channel on your left a link to more used inventory half ton truck videos like this one on your ready if you have not been on our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out and we really look forward to helping you with this super clean 2014 GMC Sierra 1500 double cab short box thanks again


Hello everyone. So now we're going to watch a tutorial on IMS Act, Infant Milk Substitute Act. Not many people know about this act but I think you know if we understand what is this law, what is this act, we will be able to protect mothers and families from you know a lot of this formula making companies you know. There's a lot of advertisement you know people don't know that this advertisement to mothers on infalming substitute is against a law. So do watch this tutorial and understand what is the law and please pass on this message to everyone. Okay thank you. Welcome to the spoken tutorial on the Indian law to protect breastfeeding. In this tutorial we will learn about infant milk substitutes or IMS. The IMS Act. Let us first understand what are infant milk substitutes. Infant milk substitutes are also called IMS. IMS are baby foods presented as a partial or total replacement for breast milk. They include all commercial baby foods for infants up to two years old. In this tutorial we will refer to IMS as commercial baby foods or baby foods. Why do people use commercial baby foods? There are five major reasons for the popular use of commercial baby foods. The first reason is the myth that compares commercial baby foods to breast milk. It is believed that they are as good as breast milk. They can substitute breastfeeding completely. Some uninformed people may believe them to be better than breast milk. This myth is popular because their arms are not known or seen easily. People are not guided about their harmful effects properly. Also the marketing techniques portray them to be equivalent to breast milk. Even many doctors or health care workers are not aware of their harmful effects. They do not know the losses caused by not breastfeeding. Hence commercial baby foods are not considered dangerous by most people. There is a general social acceptance of commercial baby foods. This applies to feeding bottles and artificial nipples as well. No commercial baby food can be equivalent to breast feeding. They may imitate the common constituents of breast milk. Common constituents include proteins, calories or fats. However they cannot have the numerous constituents of breast milk. Also breast milk varies for each mother and her baby. Commercial baby foods do not have this quality. They are the same for all mothers and babies. They also do not have the psycho-emotional benefits of breastfeeding. They are very well known to cause under nutrition or obesity. They also cause infectious and non-infectious diseases. These diseases include cardiovascular problems and allergies. Their worst effect is that they make breastfeeding seem unimportant for babies. They stop people from seeing that breastfeeding is free and the best. The second reason for using baby foods is that they seem like an easy shortcut. Breastfeeding is a skill. It takes time and effort to learn or assist the proper breastfeeding technique. There could be problems while learning how to breastfeed. Mother needs the family's support to breastfeed at home. She also needs society's support to breastfeed outside home or at work. Therefore commercial baby foods are considered as convenient alternatives. Let's discuss the third reason for the use of commercial baby foods now. Not well informed healthcare workers use baby foods as an easy solution. They may not know how to help mothers to breastfeed properly. So in a problematic situation, they recommend commercial baby foods by default. The fourth reason for using baby foods is their heavy promotion by manufacturers. Scientific words and rewards are used to convince people to buy baby foods. They are used to convince healthcare workers to prescribe baby foods easily. The fifth reason for using baby foods is the emotional weakness of new mothers. Their worries increase during their own problems. They also increase during disasters such as floods or the COVID-19 crisis. They lose confidence and feel that breast milk won't be enough for their baby. They start believing the wrong advice on the usefulness of baby foods. Then they start using commercial baby foods. Now let's discuss the history of commercial baby foods promotion briefly. Since its invention, the promotion has made breastfeeding look unimportant. Their companies directly target pregnant or lactating women and health workers. They try to promote baby foods through nutrition or breastfeeding workshops. They do free product distribution during emergencies like floods or earthquakes. They also try to promote baby foods at grocery stores and medical stores. Commercial baby foods are prominently displayed in the stores. They use incentives to lure people to buy and use commercial baby foods. Health activists realized how harmful these strategies are for babies. Infancy is a vulnerable period of life. Inappropriate feeding practices like improper use of baby foods are very risky. So the regulation of commercial baby foods promotion requires special laws. Special laws. Therefore the International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes was created. It was adopted by the World Health Assembly in 1981. This urged all countries to make laws regulating the marketing of baby foods. India passed the Infant Milk Substitutes, Feeding Bottles and Infant Foods Regulation of Production, Supply and Distribution Act 1992 and Amendment Act 2003. It is also called the IMS Act. There are many laws passed by all the countries enacting the code. Among all the laws, the IMS Act is one of the most stringent laws. The provisions of the IMS Act are very clearly put up by BPNI. BPNI is the Breastfeeding Promotion Network of India. Now, let's discuss the 10 violations of the IMS Act. The IMS Act is considered violated if a food is promoted by any means, specifically for children up to two years of age. The name of the food doesn't matter. If the products under the scope of the IMS Act are advertised. This includes Infant Milk Substitutes, Feeding Bottles and Infant Food. Any ad in any form or any medium violates the IMS Act. It includes TV, Newspapers, Magazines, Journals, Radio, SMS Advertisements. It also includes social media, billboards, banners and other advertisements. If the product or its samples are distributed to any person directly. This includes pregnant women or lactating women. If any kind of incentive is offered to use or sell the product. Incentives could be discounts or free gifts etc. If educational material related to the promotion of IMS is distributed. If the labels of these products carry specific pictures for increasing sales. These pictures could be of mothers, babies, cartoons, graphics etc. If a hospital, nursing home, chemist shop promotes IMS in any way. This includes displaying placards or posters of IMS companies. If money or gifts are offered to health workers or their family to promote IMS. If an IMS company or its distributor provides direct or indirect contributions. It includes funding for seminars, meetings, conferences or educational courses. It also includes sponsorships, research grants or fellowships. Sponsorship of health workers or their associations is also not allowed. If the volume of sales of IMS is the basis for fixing the sales commission. By doing so, the IMS company or its product distributor violates the IMS Act. Please report these violations immediately. To do so, you can use the BPNI-Stanpan Suraksha mobile application. This application is very user friendly. It involves only two simple steps to report a violation. When you detect any violation, open the application. Click the tab in the menu report promotion of baby foods or feeding bottles. The reporting page will open. Provide necessary information in the designated columns. Attach any photograph or document if you have. Submit it. Remember, IMS companies may state the benefits of breastfeeding in their ads. However, any such ad still makes a mother doubt her plan to breastfeed. Their ads are designed to sell baby foods to as many mothers as possible. The sooner a mother stops breastfeeding, the more formula is purchased. This is why IMS companies try to make breastfeeding seem unimportant. Breastfeeding is essential for a baby at least until two years of age. The correct breastfeeding technique is important for breastfeeding adequately. It is discussed in other tutorials in the same series. This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Thank you for joining.


Greetings, everyone, and welcome to the Department of Economics Commencement for the Class of 2021. I'm Alyssa Fula. Hi, I'm Anthony Casasos. And I'm Jay Park. We are all economic supervisors, and we will be your MCs for today's event. Before we begin, we want to provide a few instructions on how to get the most out of the virtual commencement experience. Our commencement website, econ.brickley.edu, slash commencement, has everything you need, including a downloadable commemorative program where you can find our overview for today's virtual ceremony, as well as listings of all of our graduates for the Class of 2021. We encourage you to download a copy for yourself and save as a keepsake. At this same website, you will also find slides of our graduates, media messages submitted by you and your loved ones, and a Kudo board for our community to send in messages of congratulations to each other. Please feel free to add to the Kudo board at the end of the program, and although we can't be together in person, we can definitely celebrate with each other virtually. To start, we would like to take a moment to recognize that Berkeley sits on the territory of the Huchun, the ancestral and unceded land of the Chuchenyo Ohlone, the successors of the historic and sovereign throne of Alameda County. This land was and continues to be of great importance to the Ohlone people. We recognize that every member of the Berkeley community has, and continues to benefit from, the use and occupation of this land, since the institution's founding in 1868. Consistent with our values of community and diversity, we have a responsibility to acknowledge and make visible the university's relationship to the native peoples. By offering this land acknowledgement, we affirm indigenous sovereignty and will work to hold the University of California, Berkeley, more accountable to the needs of American Indian and indigenous peoples. We know many of you are spread throughout the world on the land of other peoples, and we'd like to take the time to acknowledge that ancestral history as well. And now it is my honor to introduce Professor David Card, Chair of the Department of Economics, to begin our ceremony for today. Thank you, Jay, and thank you to the peer advisors for their contributions to our advising offices this year. Hello everyone, and welcome to our virtual celebration for the class of 2021. I am really glad to welcome all of our graduates and their families and friends. We hope this event will give the graduates, their family and their friends, and those of us from the department as well, an opportunity to acknowledge and celebrate the achievements of all our remarkable graduates. I will give some short introductory remarks to open the event, and then we will proceed to the program and to our guest speaker. To the graduates, I know that you have learned a lot and accomplished many things during your time at Cal. Some relating to your courses, but many relating to other things that are equally or even more important. You have every reason to be proud of what you have been able to do. I also hope that you are grateful to your friends and family, to your teachers in elementary school and high school, to your mentors and guides, and to everyone else who helped you to get you where you are today. And to those family members, friends, and other supporters, you should take pride in the achievements of the graduates and in your own role in helping them to get where they are today. The students we are celebrating today are graduating from the Economics Department of the University of California, Berkeley, with a degree in Economics. Of all the majors in all the universities around the world, it's hard to beat that. Those of us who teach and work here think of Berkeley as simply the best university in the world. Of course, Berkeley is renowned for its contributions to research and knowledge, including 22 Nobel laureates so far, five of which, that's almost a quarter, have been in economics. But Berkeley is also an amazing teaching university where world-class researchers share their knowledge and passion with students who are talented and hardworking and eager to take advantage of what Berkeley has to offer. And throughout its history, we're all proud of the fact that Berkeley has demonstrated its commitment to making that knowledge and training available to all kinds of students. Last October was 150th anniversary of women being admitted to Berkeley. Next year, 2022 is the 100th anniversary of the graduation of Ida Louise Jackson, one of the first African-American students to graduate from Berkeley and the first black public school teacher in California. If you want to read an inspiring history of Berkeley graduate, someone who contributed to her community and to Berkeley all through her life, look her up on Wikipedia. There's also a great interview with Miss Jackson in the Bancroft Library. With regard to the excellence of a Berkeley economics degree, my own completely unbiased view is that economics is the best possible field of study. It deals with questions of enormous importance, provides a powerful framework for thinking about those questions, and also equips you with the tools for assessing evidence for and against different arguments.  To me, that puts economics right in the Goldilocks zone between the abstract and the practical, between thinking and doing, and between having a good job that you can love and earning a good living. And the two pieces together, Berkeley plus economics really add up to something special. Berkeley economics has many exceptional teachers offering courses that are intellectually exciting, demanding, mind expanding, and our students' talents and curiosity and dedication bring out the best in all of us who teach here and in one another, leading to an education that is unmatched anywhere. We really look forward to seeing you back in Berkeley live and in person as soon as possible and hopefully after that on a regular basis. In the meantime, congratulations on graduating from the best department in the world's best university and best wishes. And now it is my great honor and pleasure to be able to introduce our keynote speaker for today's event, Professor Susan Athe. Professor Athe is the economics of technology professor at Stanford Graduate School of Business and one of the most prolific and influential economists of today. Susan earned her bachelor's degree in 1991 at Duke University, majoring in economics, math, and computer science. I venture that she was one of the first of these triple majors, of which we now have quite a few at Berkeley, and her work since then has really been at the intersection of those three fields. She got her PhD at Stanford, then had jobs at MIT and Harvard before moving to Stanford. Susan has many important papers on a huge range of topics, including theory and application of auction theory, market design, methodology for showing causality, and most recently, many papers on learning and prediction problems. A look at her many papers shows dozens in top economics journals, in top statistics journals, and in top outlets for computer science. So she is truly weaving those three topics together. And at the same time, she's also working on many important applied problems, including most recently, several papers on the COVID pandemic. Susan's amazing achievements have been widely recognized among the many rewards she has received. She earned the John Black Rates Clark Prize in 2007, which is awarded by the American Economic Association to the most influential economist under the age of 40. And just a few weeks ago, she was nominated to be the next president of the American Economics Association. I venture that she is the youngest person to have ever been nominated for that role. On top of all this, Susan is a great and inspiring lecturer and teacher, and I'm just thrilled to be able to introduce her today, and so glad that she has agreed to give this talk. So without further ado, may I present Professor Susan Aithey. Thanks so much for having me here today.  I got my own start in economics as an undergraduate. I grew up near Washington DC where I had a summer job working for a company that sold computers to the government through procurement auctions. There were aspects of this, these auctions that gave firms and incentive to manipulate the process and made things inefficient. We sat around and complained about it, but didn't have much to do about it. When I got back to college, I met an economics professor who worked on procurement and I told him about the problem. Well, he didn't just complain about it. He actually did something. With my research assistants, he wrote a paper about the problem and ended up testifying before Congress to try to get the regulations fixed. Seeing that was incredibly inspirational to me. It made me realize there was this tool, economics research, that could give me the power to actually make a difference in that way. I was bitten by the bug and I've been really grateful ever since that I've been fortunate enough to have found my way and worked my way into a place where I could make a difference like that as a professional economist.  But personally, I'm a doer. I want to fix things. And economics turned out to be a great discipline to allow me to do that. Despite my love for economics, I've actually gotten the chance to wear a lot of hats in my career. In academics, I've published and taught in statistics, computer science, operations research, marketing and strategy. I've developed statistical software. I've worked closely with governments in a number of policy issues, like designing competition policy or designing auction based pricing systems for natural resources. In tech firms, as chief economist, I worked on problems ranging from designing a v testing experimentation platforms to strategy acquisitions and policy.  Across all these experiences, I've been continually surprised and pleased at how valuable the economist toolkit can be when hard decisions arise, and I wouldn't trade my training for any other. In my view, economics can contribute to business and policy decision making and a couple of big ways. First, framing a problem that is breaking it down into components that can be analyzed. Second is understanding incentives and equilibrium. How do we think a firm will respond to regulation? Or what's the stable industry structure? Third, laying out the trade offs that arise, both trade offs that arise intrinsically as well as the result of people or firms responding to their incentives. Finally, a really big part of what economists do is figuring out how to measure the key parameters that matter for business or policy decisions. These are the settings where we don't have randomized experiments in controlled environments to help us estimate the key numbers we need to know to make good decisions. So how is all this played out? Well, in a recent, a recent bit of work that I did around the pandemic, I had to start by thinking about how to frame a problem. When the pandemic hit, I was part of a group of economists who were called on to provide advice about investing in vaccines. Our team broke the problem into components. Some of the big components included just estimating what the value of vaccination was, and particularly the value of accelerating access, the value of speed. And we needed to understand that to figure out the value of building more manufacturing capacity with unprecedented speed. In advance of knowing whether these vaccines would even work. In terms of understanding incentives and equilibrium. We needed to think about what would motivate firms to make unprecedented and risky investments, such as repurposing existing capacity away from some profitable use in an environment where prices were actually far below the social value of the vaccine, at least 100 times less. And we also had to step back and think about the incentives countries had to cooperate and collaborate in situations where there's be a lot of political pressure for countries to serve their own citizens first. Another part of the economist toolkit came in thinking about trade offs, in this case between equity and efficiency. The motivation which countries had to take huge risks with billions of dollars that might end up bearing no fruit at all. That motivation came in part from making their citizens happy governments were motivated to serve their own citizens first. But that's unfair, and it may not be the most effective way to end the pandemic. On the other hand, if getting to serve their own citizens first motivated countries to build more capacity than they would otherwise. That can actually help the world get vaccinated a lot faster. And everyone might be better off in terms of the time it takes to finish vaccinating the world, but the order might be unfair. Now, do we wish that maybe rich countries might build extra capacity and share it with the places in the world where it has the greatest impact on ending the pandemic. Do we wish that things would be more fair. Of course, but if governments decide to do not to do that, there can be an efficiency equity trade off. It's not just about setting up the framing for the discussion of that kind of trade off. But it doesn't tell you how to resolve it, nor does it tell you how to navigate all of the political and bureaucratic constraints that might get in the way of achieving the best outcomes. Finally, economics helps a lot with using data to quantify the magnitudes of different economic parameters. In the vaccine case, understanding the cost of reduced economic activity, or the value of a portfolio of vaccines when some fail. I have to say, I was surprised, of course, everyone we talked to everyone in government understood that vaccines would be good. But relatively few, especially early in the pandemic, had actually put numbers on it and really absorbed how much larger the benefits were than the costs. Well, how did all this work out. Obviously, the jury is still out. We had more influence in some countries than others. And in most cases, political and bureaucratic constraints prevented the officials we interacted with from moving quickly enough or aggressively enough. And some of the international institutions didn't get enough funding and didn't get funding fast enough from in terms of donations. However, I'm pretty sure more capacity was built than would have been without our efforts. And any way we move the needle was of course worth it to me and our team. So this is all ways that the economics toolkit applied in this, you know, very important moment in time. And it was a moment as being professional economists who had expertise in some of the related areas that we were called upon and given the privilege really to contribute to making a difference in this case. I hope that many of you listening today will bring the Berkeley economics education you've obtained into the workplaces that you enter. And not just the part about maximizing profits in the short run. I hope you'll be able to use your education to frame debates and decisions about issues such as the societal impact of the technologies you're working on. I hope you'll use your skills to try to measure both the benefits and the harms of technologies and services. And that you'll guide organizations to understand the trade offs and be responsible towards any harms. An education like the one you've just received that you've worked so hard for. It's not just an investment in yourself. It's also society's investment in you. It's a privilege. And I hope that you take the opportunities you have in front of you to change the world for the better. Economics has a special role to play in framing problems, understanding incentives, identifying trade offs, and using data to measure the factors that guide decisions. The pandemic has taught us that we can't take for granted that institutions are prepared for our problems or that we will be ready to use theory and data to guide responses. But in the years ahead, you will have moments where you will see that there is a problem you can contribute to something you might be able to do personally to make things better. And I challenge each of you to feel empowered by the education you've gotten and embrace those moments and the power that you have to make that difference. Thank you. Thank you Susan for your words of encouragement and for being a part of our commencement ceremony. The next portion of our program will feature our graduate and undergraduate award recipients for 2021. I'm pleased to introduce Professor Andres Rodriguez-Clar who will announce our graduate awards. Thanks, Alisa. For 2021, four outstanding graduate students have been honored with awards. The first award is the Elio J. Swan Prize. The Elio J. Swan Prize is awarded for the best performance in the first year of the PhD program. Elio J. Swan was a graduate student teaching assistant and instructor in the Department of Economics at UC Berkeley from 1932 to 1941. He then went on to a career at the San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank where he eventually served as president. He retired from the bank in 1972 after 31 years of service. The Elio J. Swan Prize is awarded to Yuki Ito. Up next is the George Brake Prize in Public Finance. This prize is awarded to the students with outstanding performance in the public finance field courses. The prize was established in honor of George Brake, a leading figure in public finance and a professor in the economics department for 40 years. The George Brake Prize in Public Finance is awarded to Kai Zen. Our next graduate award is the Public Policy Prize. This prize is awarded to a student performing research in subjects that include but are not limited to public finance, regulation, health, transportation, and education. The Public Policy Research Prize is awarded to Christina Brown, who is a 2021 PhD graduate today. The Journal of Development Economics Prize is awarded in recognition of outstanding work or research in development economics. Its goal is to support students in their dissertation writing. The Journal of Development Economics Prize is awarded to Dina Rousseau, who is also graduating today. And finally, our outstanding graduate student instructor award winners. The outstanding graduate student instructor award recognizes graduate student instructors who have been selected by the department based on teaching evaluations for their excellence in teaching. We have 13 honorees this year, including Aditi and Sushil, who are graduating today. I'm pleased to announce the following list of awardees. Joshua Archer Kevin Danau Shri Kuncherla Maximiliano Louleta Michael Love Carl MacPherson Aditi Ramukrishnan Somara Superwall Sushil Visnawatan John Wieselter Chauran Yu Luke Zhang Yipei Zhang Congratulations on well-deserved awards. Congratulations, everyone. Thank you, Professor Rodriguez-Clarre, and huge congratulations again to all of our graduate award recipients. Next, I'd like to introduce Professor Martha Olney, who will announce our undergraduate awards. Thank you, Anthony. Hi, everybody. Congratulations again on your graduation. I'm very proud of you. It's an exciting day. We have three undergraduate awards that I'm going to announce, and the first award that I'll announce is the Goldman Award. The Steve Goldman Prize and departmental citation is awarded to the top undergraduate student in recognition of outstanding achievement in the Department of Economics. The Goldman Prize Fund was established in memory of Professor Steve Goldman, who joined the Berkeley faculty in 1966. He was a micro theorist, devoted mentor to many students, a good friend, and strong supporter of academic excellence. The recipient of the Steve Goldman Memorial Prize and departmental citation for 2021 is Lila Rose Anglinder. Congratulations. Lila is completing her degree in three years, and during her time at Berkeley, she researched regulatory rebound air pollution under Professor Meredith Fowley. After graduation, she'll be working as a researcher for Professor Heather Sarsons at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Congratulations, Lila. The next undergraduate award is the Mark Schindler Prize in Economics. The prize is awarded to the honor student who writes the most distinguished undergraduate thesis in economics. The award was established in memory of Mark Schindler who passed away in 2012. Mark earned a degree in economics with honors from the University of California Berkeley in 1967. The Mark Schindler Prize in economics enables the department to make note of Mark's legacy as an honor student, and to recognize the spirit in which the prize was established in celebration of excellence in the study of economics. The Mark Schindler Prize for the best economics honors thesis for 2021 is Anthony Swaminathan. Anthony's thesis titled macroeconomic volatility at the zero lower bound, evidence from the OECD, examined whether interest rates below zero present greater macroeconomic volatility in terms of GDP growth rates and inflation. Contrary to the conventional system, which is that that when we go below the ZLB that we will have greater volatility, Anthony found that OECD countries have not experienced greater volatility when they hit the zero lower bound. That's an important finding for for policymakers. Anthony graduated in December 2020, and since then he's been working as an RA for Professor Yuri Gordon Nchenko. Anthony's on track to have his thesis published in an economics journal, and he will start his PhD work in economics at Duke University in the fall. Congratulations Anthony. The final undergraduate award for today is the Bowman Prize. The Thomas E. Bowman Prize for student support in economics is awarded to the student who embodies the spirit of a college education, a well rounded course of study and extracurricular activities that support a commitment to public service. The award was established in honor of Thomas E. Bowman who graduated from UC Berkeley with a bachelor's degree in economics in 1947. The award is funded by the Better Business Bureau of Oakland and recognition of Tom's many years of service. The 2021 recipient of the Thomas Bowman Prize is Moncy Hardaker. Moncy is being honored for her work as student director for Bridging Berkeley, a math mentoring program through Berkeley's public service center that matches traditionally underserved middle school students with UC Berkeley students. She was also involved with Berkeley Consulting, the oldest consulting group on campus. As one of the account managers for Berkeley Consulting she led efforts that resulted in a $100,000 endowment to the university to support need based financial aid. After graduation, Moncy will be pursuing a career in credit training. Congratulations Moncy. Congratulations everybody. I hope you have a fabulous commencement weekend. Go out there, make the world a better place. Make us proud. Go Bears. Thank you Professor Olney and congratulations again to all of our award recipients. It is now my pleasure to continue our virtual ceremony with a message from one of our fellow graduating seniors. Please join me in welcoming our undergraduate commencement speaker, Hal Lynn Wong. During her time at UC Berkeley, Hal Lynn was the editor in chief of Berkeley's Blue and Gold Yearbook Club, dedicated to recording highlight moments for Berkeley students. Hal Lynn was also one of the founding members of the global leadership organization at Berkeley where she helped students enhance their projects, people, time management and public speaking skills. She is an economics department honor student and her research focuses on ways to advance the social economic status of first generation Chinese immigrants. After graduation, Hal Lynn will join Deloitte and their San Francisco office as a global tax consultant. Hal Lynn would like to dedicate this speech to all the 2020 and 2021 graduates for their hard work and resilience during this difficult time. Thank you so much for joining us for this virtual commencement from all around the world. My name is Hal Lynn Wong, and I'm very honored to speak to you today. Although you can only see my professional attire on the top, like you all, I'm also wearing pajama pants on the bottom. So no shaming that. It's really hard to believe that we have been in a global pandemic for more than 400 days now. I still remember celebrating two days of canceled classes back in March last year, because I was really not ready for my econ 140 midterm. 400 days later of cutting my own veins, making pies and learning TikTok dances. Here we are celebrating the end of the journey of being the undergraduates in the economics department. In the last 400 days, I've learned many lessons. I've seen real world applications of many economic theories that we have learned in class. For example, I've learned that consumers do make rational choices when they purchase, unless we're talking about toilet paper in a pandemic. And market participants are rational actors who are interested in maximizing their utilities, unless we're talking about buying GameStop stocks. In the last 400 days, I've learned to appreciate more. I appreciate the opportunity to sleep in my childhood bedroom again in my 20s. I enjoyed the sliced fruits provided by my mom. I appreciate social media platforms like Facebook, zoom, and even among us. That helped me maintain a close relationship with my Berkeley friends, even when we were physically apart. I appreciate my classmates who are willing to turn on their camera and microphone in the breakout room. And appreciate my professors who tried their best to make virtual learning engaging. I appreciate the good health and safety of my loved ones. And appreciate even more the people who are not scared of voicing their opinions and supporting anti-hate crime movements with real actions. There will be more and more 400 day chapters in our lives, and it is up to us to decide what we want to make out of them. Although it is terrifying to think about what the future beholds.  What can we not accomplish? Congratulations graduating class of 2021. I wish you all the best in your future endeavors and go Bears. Thank you Helen for that amazing speech. Before we conclude, we would like to take a moment to pause and honor the many lives affected by the current pandemic. As we celebrate our resilience, we also want to recognize that the ways in which we have been impacted by this pandemic are varied, diverse, and disparate. We offer this space for a moment of reflection for all those who need it. Thank you. And now please welcome back Professor David Card to close our commencement. Thank you. Traditionally at this point in the ceremony, we would invite you up to the stage. Instead, we ask that you celebrate this milestone wherever you may be and know that the faculty and the staff and the alumni are joining you in spirit. So will the candidates for doctoral degrees, please rise as they are able by request of the governor of the state of California by authority of the Regents of the University of California and at the command of the Chancellor of the University of California Berkeley. I hereby confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics. Now, candidates for the bachelor degree, please rise as you are able by request of the governor of the state of California. By the authority of the Regents of the University of California. And at the command of the Chancellor of the University of California Berkeley. I hereby confer upon you the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Economics. In accordance with Berkeley tradition, you may now move your tassel from the right to the left side. Congratulations class of 2021. We made it. Congratulations class of 2021. We made it. Congratulations everybody. Fabulous, fabulous, fabulous. You have graduated from the University of California Berkeley with a degree in economics. We are so incredibly happy for you and so proud of you. You have worked so hard. It's been wonderful. It's been a little weird the last year just to say, but hey, talk about the memories you'll be able to share with your kids and your grandkids about the year that you had. First of all, it would be wonderful to see you all. I would love to meet all of your parents and congratulate them and share stories about you. So can't do it individually, but know that my heart is with you.  So enjoy your day. Congratulations. We will meet again. Take care of yourselves. Congratulations class of 2021. You rock. It's not easy to get a degree in economics at Berkeley. You did it. Well done. I got to know a lot of you in 100A and Psychonecon and I can say, at least for myself, it was a lot of fun. I love teaching people how economists think it will help you in every area of your life. I love teaching people some of the things that have turned out to be wrong about how economists think and how economists are rethinking those things. In all my classes, I end the semester with a bit of career advice. First, you need to know that happiness in your career is a huge element of happiness in your life. Second, the place where career happiness lies is at the three-way intersection of three sets of things. The things you are good at, the things you love, and the things you believe make a difference in the world. You don't have to know where that intersection lies for you. Just use it as a guide as you chart your course. If you commit yourself to finding happiness in your career, you will get there. Let me add my congratulations to this year's graduates. Our PhD students have done remarkably well by themselves. It's hard to think of another department with equally impressive placement, so congratulations. I think our undergraduates have done well. Also, despite the COVID-related difficulties of getting internships despite other departments, not ours, cutting back on graduate admissions, so congratulations as well. Our professors have, most of them, learned how to use Zoom, excluding some of the older members of the faculty, perhaps. We should agree that everyone will be back in five years for an in-person, unzoomed post-COVID reunion. And until then, congratulations again. Congratulations! You've made it! After years of hard work, you're finally ready with your dissertation and your job and moving on with interesting adventures to come. It's been for me a pleasure to have been at least a small part of your way through Berkeley. And I really hope that you carry special and happy memories of your time here. Of course, I'm sure you will remember your beautiful time at Peixoto Room and at the glorious Evans Hall. But more importantly, your friendships, the relationships you established with the faculty and the staff, and the very special Berkeley spirit, the department of the university, of the city, and that you will carry the spirit on in the many things that still lie ahead for you. I wish you lots of happiness, and I also hope that we keep in touch. Congratulations! Class of 2021! From the Economics Department. Go Bears! Hi Economics class of 2021. Please accept my most sincere and heartfelt congratulations on a job well done. I am so proud of you and look forward to following your exciting careers as you walk into a bright future. So I have a very simple message for you which is congratulations on your graduation and on being members of the best class ever in the history of the best department of the best university in the world. So let me fill in the details there. The best class ever. Berkeley draws from a wider part of the world population every year. We're getting increasingly well educated before they come to Cal. And then with the advancement of knowledge there's more to learn. Every year you are graduating from Cal knowing more, having more skills than any class before you. The best department Economics is in this perfect place. It's both a general set of skills, mind expanding skills, and the best tradition of kind of liberal arts education, but also skills that are practical, that are employable, that are really important decisions that you'll face in your own life and that we face as a society. Finally, the best university. Well, duh, we are the best in terms of traditional sort of research and teaching. No one is better than Berkeley. But then there's also the public side of Berkeley. Ever since our founding Berkeley has understood that serving everyone, inclusion, upward mobility, diversity are not impediments to excellence. They're essential to excellence and that we need to always strive to do better on those dimensions. So when you add that extra side of Berkeley, it's just completely unrivaled. So congratulations on your utterly awesome achievements. Congratulations Berkeley Economics class of 2021. You should be so proud of all that you've accomplished over these past few years. I know that we're really proud of you and it's been such a pleasure and honor to work with you, teach you, and get to know you over these last few years. Congratulations also to your family and friends and loved ones who are celebrating with you today and without whom you wouldn't be where you are as well. I know for many of the family and friends you've been supporting and cheering on our graduates since they were born. So once again, congratulations Berkeley Economics class of 2021. You're going to go on to do great things and we're going to be thinking about you and rooting for you in the years to come. Congratulations again. Hi Al, Ray Hawkins here. First and foremost, congratulations on your graduation. Well done indeed. With the fire seasons and the pandemic, yours has been a truly unique Berkeley experience. Your presence in this graduating class is a testament to your creativity and resilience. I very much enjoyed exploring new ways of learning with you and I'm looking forward to the impact that you will all have both here and abroad in the coming years. For those of you who are in my courses, it was a personal pleasure and a professional privilege to be your instructor. And to the class of 2021 more generally, my best wishes for your continued success in life. And wait for it. Go Bears!


Hey, you know what it is, Atlanta, Georgia. I'm in the city. I'm doing a show at the Comedy Theater Underground. That's the Comedy Theater Atlanta Underground. That's not the one. That's up, whatever, 800-585. You know what it is. The one I'm talking about is underground. I guess it's back open.  I ain't been myself, but I'm about to go. And you need to pull up and you need to be in the building, man. I'm telling you right now, come check me out, man. May 25th through the 28th. That's right, May 25th through the 28th. My son birthed there around that time, but I care so much about comedy and y'all the fans, but I'm still doing the show because I don't want to be there for all them people and kids. I'm gonna pay for it, but I'm not gonna be there. But not all.  All right? Do you want that on your spirit? Put that on your conscience. How about that?  He turning two. Our theme is too fast, too furious.  It's about this kid. Nah, hey, May 25th through the 28th. Atlanta Comedy Theater, Underground, Atlanta, Georgia. I see you there, let's go.