Good afternoon, everyone. We're excited to be in this conference. In fact, this is one of the best conferences we've ever been to, not many times your work gets showcased in the keynote. And on top, and to add to it, incredible audience. I mean, everybody we ran into yesterday and today had so much stuff to tell us about Flipkart Lite, all the positive feedback we got. Thank you. Thank you so much. We're really honored to be here. In fact, there was so much stuff on Twitter. We were actually spending all night to go through all the stuff. There's so much stuff going on. And especially the feedback, right? I mean, this is just the beginning. There's a long way for us to go. And a lot of feedback we were getting. It's incredible. But truth be told, it wasn't an easy journey for us till here. As many of you know, beginning of this year, we shut down our mobile site. And we kind of actually committed to one thing and one thing only. And that was like we wanted to give the best experience on mobile to our users. The challenge is to actually make this happen in a country like India. Tal from her talk yesterday was giving out some astonishing numbers about emerging markets in India in particular. A typical device in India is at least six times inferior to a normal device you would find here in terms of memory, CPU, storage. On top of it, you have 87% of your internet users on 2G network. If you actually kind of put this together, it's almost impossible to give a compelling experience on a mobile device. And we have one more challenge on top of it. We are an e-commerce application. Users don't come to e-commerce application every day.  You cannot afford to throw dinosaurs at them. This really got us started on a completely different journey, a journey that we have never taken before. In fact, it was such a soul-searching journey for us. We ended up with an awesome product that we are very, very proud of. In fact, we are so proud of it, I would not miss an opportunity to show it every time. In fact, I was showing it to a lot of you guys yesterday when I ran into you guys. And I'm going to do it one more time. I'm going to show a video of how Flipkart Lite actually works. So OK. There you go. So you fire it off from the home page. Just like an A2 page. There's a splash screen. You slide up the categories. Look at how fluid the animations are, everything that expands. This is actually a live app. I mean, you're looking at a live e-commerce app. Look at how fast the products are loading in the search page. And this is actually coming from our 30 million product catalog. The product page almost loaded instantaneously. I mean, all of this actually happened in a matter of two to three seconds. This is incredible. In fact, what I'm going to show you next is the most useful feature that we've built in Flipkart Lite. We just switched to offline mode and see what happened to the app. It is visually different to the user. It's no longer showing the dinosaurs. The user is still able to do whatever he did in the last session. In fact, if you look at all of these products, everything is grayed out except the product he was actually browsing last time. So this is the offline experience on Flipkart Lite. There you go, online. And it's back up. So how do you get this? You go to flipkart.com on the latest Chrome or Opera browsers on your Android device, add to your home screen, and boom. You don't have to install it or anything. That's it. I actually have a funny story to share here. When we were actually working on this internally, not many people in Flipkart actually knew about it. So when I was actually showing this demo to our leaders and all of the other flipsters, I was actually showing them, hey, so yeah, we call ourselves flipsters. I was actually telling them, hey, here's a light app that we are working on. What do you think? Oh, it's cool. It's fast. It's light. Yeah. How do I get it? I don't see it on the Play Store. You won't get it on Play Store. You just have to go to Browser and type in the euro. And this is after we shut down our mobile site. So everybody's just dropped. Oh, this is incredible. So yeah, I mean, we've had an exciting, exciting, journey in coming up to where we are today. But we sincerely believe behind every product, there is an incredible team to make this happen. And this product was no different. It was five engineers, 42 days, and we got it. In fact, I'm going to ask a couple of those engineers to come up on stage today to talk about what really happened in those 42 days. I mean, I know I was getting requests for too many Red Bulls, but a lot more happened than Red Bulls. So I'm going to actually ask Jair to come up first, take us through what really happened. And thank you. Good afternoon, everyone. I'm Jair Santosh. I'm part of the Flipkart team. I work as a UI engineer there. So we are incredibly excited to take you through what our journey was, what our experiences were when we were building this Flipkart Lite app. So before we shut down our old mobile website, this is how the rough flow of the application was. So the browser fires a request to the web server, which in turn calls other API services, gets the data.  And then from the CDN, we load further assets. This approach actually worked for no JS browsers that we had. If you see back in India, we had about 60% that was coming from no JS browsers. Supporting all of that was difficult and all that. But we wanted to ensure that we wanted to give a very good experience. But the page load times in this approach really suffered a lot. So we had to trash this approach out. So what we changed now, so we thought probably once the application is loaded, we can actually do a nice client-side application whenever on the client side. So for the first page load, you actually contact the web server, get the HTML bootstrap shell, which loads up your single-page application. Then we went ahead and added something called service workers. So this acted as a proxy for further requests to API or push API or CDN. So we cached whatever we could. And yeah, boom, this gave us a lot of advantage. So a little more on the client side, what we did. We used React to build a single-page application, navigating through the various pages with React router. We also built a lightweight flux implementation for fetching data for our application. So we built something called frontend.js. So the GitHub link for the library is available in flipkart slash frontend. But still, the first-page time still suffered because we had to load up fully the single-page application so that it's intractable for the user. It still took a lot of time. So what we wanted to do was enter HTML page shells. How many of you, I mean, I think through the Dev Summit, you've heard a lot about what page shells are, what you can do. So we just go into a little more detail about what we did for rendering our HTML page shells. So we divided our application into two states. One is the loading state, which is, before you even fetch the data, you know what your state can be. So that is what we call as the loading state. Then the rest of the application moves on to the loaded state, which is after you fetch all the data that you need. So a typical loading state would look something like this. So this actually, like, you can actually give the user visual cues into how the application will look like once the data is fetched. So you can actually render whatever you need upfront and before, I mean, much easily than only rendering after you fetch all the data. So if we move on. So how did we achieve these HTML page shells? One thing that we wanted to do was minimize the server processing time as much as possible. So that meant we wanted to generate these HTML page shells upfront during build time itself. So whatever JS CSS images that you write for your application, we run it through Webpack. We generated bundles. So once these bundles are generated, we process them through another render cycle, which allowed you to generate the final HTML page shells that you wanted in the loading state. Because you can predict what the loading state can be for each of your pages. And you can generate them at build time. To give a little more idea into what we call as pages in a single page application is, I mean, you have a lot of logical pages in your application. And each of these can be generated as a static page shell for you to load them really fast. So this is now the new state of the application that changed.  And this is something with very less processing time on your web server. I mean, this is not generated at runtime. So we were able to optimize a lot on that front. So once you get the page shell back on the document, it's ready for rendering. Because you have all the HTML that you need to put the loading state on the browser. And you also have to fetch the data now to fully render the application. So we utilized service workers. We also utilized service worker to, once it's installed, we were able to fetch the rest of the page shells that are there in that single page application. Because what you loaded upfront was only the first page of your single page application. We also used service workers extensively to fetch all our data endpoints. I mean, data from our endpoints. So if you see the code a little, you have the API endpoints that we call. We kind of went with cache-first strategy. So you can see, for most of them, we have what is the fast SW.fastest in our configuration for toolbox to fetch the data. But yeah, for fetching all the static assets, et cetera, we used cache-first. Just to reiterate what cacheable HTML page shells are, like your page components are rendered in the loading state upfront when you load the HTML immediately with all the critical CSS in line so that it will allow us, we thought it will allow us to get to the first paint time really fast. So once you load this loading state, now you have to fetch the data, or you can also utilize whatever data you had prefetched using service workers and re-render your application. This is one thing that I want to bring to your notice that in this kind of an execution, you can actually have partial re-renders compared to native world. You can, so whenever you need to change something on the screen, you need to re-render every pixel of it. So I mean, everything on your page on the native app. But here you can actually have partial re-renders possible. Since we were using React, it allowed us to do so. Another thing is we get too excited about page shells. We could go ahead and generate lots and lots of page shells. If your application is really complex, I mean, you could end up with a lot of page shells, which when you're prefetching after your service worker is installed, it might consume a lot of bandwidth for the user. So what we thought of was maybe this is not the right approach. So what we did was, you know, if we analyzed our product, we went back. We analyzed, like, what are the product flows? So there are, if you look at our e-commerce product, there is a phase where the user, you know, broses from the home page, searches for a product, goes on to the product page, and then goes on to the checkout phase and then completes the payment flow. There is another flow called the order management flow where he can manage his order, like, returns and cancellations of his products. We also have, like, an account management flow for the user. If you analyze these flows, they are not really, like, very interconnected. They are, like, you can kind of say they are mutually exclusive. So there is not a lot of back and forth between these flows. So what we did was we broke our application down into these product flows, which are mutually exclusive.  So that way, what it allowed us to do is we were able to build and deploy this separately. We separated out the servers, set of servers that these are deployed on. And this gave us much more freedom into pushing whatever affects to only one set of servers and not all of them at the same time. Since we bundled them separately, we also decided that, since all of the single-page applications behave in the same way, there is a possibility to share whatever common libraries and utilities that you have. Like, for example, our front-end JS implementation, the React library, we were able to make it all common for all the applications. And what was needed to make it work as a... And it almost made the whole application work as kind of a big single-page app. So what was... SW Toolbox has this another wonderful thing, which is like it supports express JS-style routers. So, yeah, so you can actually model your application and you can put in logic in your service worker code to manage your routes of your product flows in such a way that you can actually, whenever you needed an app-to-app navigation of all your single-page apps, it meant you only need to download app-specific files because you had all... I mean, you can actually... Because we had already prefaced and pre-cached the common libraries that were needed for loading the single-page application. So the results of what we did here is like we actually tested on a 3G connection first. And after the page load, these were this... I mean, this was a timeline that we could achieve. So we could actually get to the first paint in, like, 30 milliseconds time. And that's... And that was something phenomenal. And this way, like... I mean, we then went ahead and tested it on 2G. And voila, the results didn't change. We were able to achieve the same first paint times as that was possible in a faster connection in 3G or Wi-Fi. So this was really... Like, made us really happy. And this is where, like, the power of service workers comes in for you, where even in flaky networks, you can actually load an application state for the users upfront with really faster times. So I'll go ahead and hand over to Abhinav. He's my fellow teammate. He'll walk you across the rest of the journey that we had. Thank you. Thank you. Hello, everyone. They introduced me. My name is Abhinav Rastogi. I'm a UI engineer at Flipkart in the same team. So, yeah, I think we established yesterday that you guys are pretty comfortable with British accents. Let's see how it goes with Indian accents. We'll find out. All right. So the first thing I want to talk about is the app-to-home screen feature and how we utilize it. So it is a very important feature, you know, when you are a progressive app and especially for any commerce channel like Flipkart, it becomes very important to re-engage the user very easily with very less friction. So when we went native only, when we were only apps, the app installs were a very important metric for us at all times, how many people are installing it, what's the current active user base. The same thing happened when we went as a progressive app. The app-to-home screen tends to be, at least it seems, it is an important metric because people who come from the home screen tend to be, you know, it's easier to convert those users. So, at-to-home screen, as we discussed, as it was being discussed yesterday, has a certain heuristic that the browser implements before it allows the website to show a pop-up to the native browser pop-up to add-to-home screen, which for a very good reason doesn't happen on the first time. Now, when a user lands on our website, add-to-home screen is something that is a very new feature and especially for an audience like the Indian audience, we realize we may need to train the users of what this feature is and what are the benefits. So, for that, what we did was we created a first-time user experience which trains the user what add-to-home screen brings to the table for him. So, let me show you a quick demo of what kind of experience we built. So, this is our learning state and this is the experience that we built. We give a brief explanation of what Flipkart brings to the web and this we tell the user that it's just a tap away and this is what you get when you add to the home screen. So, it's accessible and you continue using the website like you would and it's only for the first time, first visit. Any way the add-to-home screen native pop-up will not show up in any case. But going further, we again need to prompt the user, not prompt, but we need to give some way to the user to add-to-home screen whenever he wishes to do so. For that, this is what we did. We added a small add-to-home screen button at the corner, which again guides the user of how we can add-to-home screen manually. So, if you look at it carefully to get his attention to the icon and again, this happens only once or twice in the first few visits. We shake the icon a little bit and we also tap into the hardware access that we have and we trigger and navigate a vibration, which immediately brings attention to something that is shaking on the screen. So, the next thing I want to talk about is the splash screen. Now, again, this is a very cool new feature which makes it very difficult for a layman to distinguish between a web app and a native app. So, what happens is when you add your manifest, you add your theme colors, and you add your icons and text, your splash screen shows up well and good. Another thing, what we saw after this is that the splash screen shows up, which prevents the user from seeing a blank page. You immediately see a splash screen and you go to the application. What happens after this is some of our data is still loading, at least on our home page, right? So, we added another layer, we added another splash screen, you could say, or a loading state for our home page, which triggers for both when you launch from the home screen or when you directly open from the browser. And as you will notice, I will just play this. This is the native apps load this and this is what we added over that. So, we tried to reuse the same experience but add a loader over that and when it fades out, the experience is ready to use. This gives a very seamless experience to the user. There's no jang, there's no jumping of content as it loads or things like that. Another thing we talked about yesterday was the custom navigation UI. So, Alex pointed out yesterday that you need to provide the user with some way of navigating, right? So, when you go to full screen, use the browser traits that are there and the browser brings some very useful features to the table. It brings the ability to go back for a user, to refresh, to go to the home, to go to your home page and things like that. So, when we go full screen, we need to build this and this is exactly what we added. So, as you navigate across the app, we have a dynamic header which adds the back buttons and home and search and things like that, right? And it's dynamic, now we can customize it. So, across different pages, it behaves differently. So, if you load a model, the same header can show a close button and things like that. Now, as we've been talking about service workers quite a lot, right, so let me also add a little more to it. So, the next thing we built was a rich offline experience. Some examples that we saw so far are that if you go offline, instead of showing a dinosaur, one thing we can do is show a custom error page which at least tells the user that, you know, we know what happened, that, you know, something went wrong, we are not able to access the Internet. We went a step ahead and as we showed you in the demo earlier also, we built an experience that is delightful to experience. So, as you will see here, when you go offline, now we are just going to append mode to demo that.  We avoid that and instead we give a delightful experience no matter what the situation is. The next thing I would like to talk about is what we did with some hardware APIs. Now that we have good access to really good hardware APIs, the first thing we decided to do was try out geolocation, which gives us a very easy win. We just pick up, we just, we are just one tap away for the user's permission to access his location and we are able to accurately and easily predict how much and how much time can we get a product to his doorstep. Just makes it very easy and delightful for the customer. Another thing we did was added an Easter egg. So, the API that we used here, just to give you a hint, is the accelerometer API. I won't tell you what the Easter egg is, but I will tell you how to trigger it. On the home page, you can simply tap the logo twice and you should see something happening based on the accelerometer data. You can try it out at flipkart.com. Now, while we are doing all this, we needed to make sure that we always made sure that a performance was always the first benchmark, the most important feature of our application. Yes, we treated performance as a feature and not a side effect. So, we have been talking since morning about rail, right? And it really does help. If you follow these principles, it really does work. The one that I won't go into the detail of all four, but one that I want to talk about is the animations. And yes, since I'm talking about animation, I had to animate that. So, the animation part of rail says that you have to render each frame in under 16 milliseconds. Right? So, as some of you might know, there is a project called Project Ganesh, which also is the name of an Indian god. But this is something that allows rasterization to happen on the GPU. What this brings to the table is a lot of performance benefits plus a lot of benefits in terms of power consumption. Right? So, we enabled it using some hacks like a metatag which enables GPU rasterization for us. And it gave us huge amounts of performance benefits. But there are a lot of gotchas there, right? It's not just easy sailing all the way. One thing that we figured, I will give you one example. One thing that we figured was that animating SVGs is costly. Right? So, we figured that SVGs are actually vectors, right? And rasterizing them on GPU gets quite costly sometimes. And it goes into a specific rendering mode, which currently with the current technology is didn't give us equal performance in all the phones. So, what we did right now is that we can either remove those or we can replace them with PNGs. And one, of course, the obvious thing is that use opacity and transforms instead of height width and those kind of things so that you avoid unnecessary layouts and paints. Just prefer compositing. So, here you will see an example that this is a website, this is a web app which is able to give a consistent 60 FPS performance on these kind of animations across devices because of these kind of optimizations. And here is some proof. All right. One last thing, one more thing that I want to touch upon is security that we talked, that Emily talked about yesterday. HTTPS is really a baseline now. We achieved the shiny green lock, as she said, and we have to tell you that it brings perceived security, which is very important in a country like India, and it also brings a very real security benefit. We implemented end-to-end HTTPS and made sure that there is no mixed content in any of our pages. This also gave us the benefit that it is future-friendly. What I mean by that is that I can think of at least two use cases. For example, we heard yesterday that hardware APIs, because of privacy reasons, might become... Some hardware APIs might become restricted to HTTPS access only. For example, your camera or your location. We are ready for that. And the second is HTTP2. It can give us great performance benefits, and that is on the cards for us very soon. And HTTPS allows us to proceed on that without hindrance. We also heard yesterday about content security policy, which allows us to set a specific response header, which tells the browser to very specifically allow only certain types of assets to be loaded from certain types of domains. So the simplest form of a CSP is that you just give a default SRC, and that's it. It works. But for a complex website, it might be that you have a variety of different domain origins for your different kinds of content, so you can configure all of them separately. All right. So this covers a lot of the basic stuff, a lot of the modern web technologies that we are using in Flipkart Lite. But this is not the end of the story. This is just the very beginning. We are just getting started. We are deeply committed to the open web, and we would like to see this on all modern browsers, and definitely giving the same experience across all modern browsers. Currently, what you see is the minimal experience. It's just the quick buy flow that the user is able to open the website, search for a product, and buy it, and the rest of the pages like your accounts and your orders and things like that, which are, of course, necessary. We want to add a lot more things. We want to enable things like push notifications, and we can attempt them with great offers as and when needed. With this, I will hand it back to Amar. I don't know what was harder. Doing all of this in 42 days or talking about it in 30 minutes. Well, yes, like Abhinav said, we are excited about what's yet to happen in this space, and we are deeply committed to this. I would actually like to take a moment to call upon the awesome Flipkart Lite team. Guys, please. So those are the five engineers. He's our engineering manager and product manager. So thank you, guys.


All right, so one of the major questions that a majority of you asked was what do you expect the MQ-9, when do you expect the MQ-9 to be operational? What was the reason for the delay in starting the operation? As Lieutenant Colonel Kelly mentioned in his opening remarks, we expect the first operational flight to take place since the MQ-9 operation in Kanoya is a one-year deployment and will not extend beyond 365 days. We remain in constant communication with government officials on the progress and success of this critical mission. A target for other countries in the event of contingency? How will the U.S. military respond to mitigate these local concerns? The 374th AW will be to be the administrative control.


One of the most interesting pieces, I think, was the marriage bed, and then later on, which started off as a little bed, which I picked up a little, like a model bed in an antique shop, and I put the roses and nails in it. I wanted to show the conflict that men and women have in marriage, and there's not always a bed of roses, and so I did that, and then later on I made the large one, which is in the museum, and that was really exciting. It's quite a different thing. The large one has an impact because, well, it's a full-sized bed, and the roses are giant, and it's more dramatic. The other, when you see a little one, you get the idea, but you don't get the sort of full blast of the impact, the visual impact that you get with the big piece. I think with this piece, as with many things I do, I like to juxtapose, this is a sort of juxtapositioning of the soft and the hard, the harsh, the cruel and the happy, the sad and the happy, and all these things that are, one plays against the other. I think the conflict between man and woman in a marriage, I mean that's when sometimes marriage is really happy, which you hope it will be, but sometimes it's a prison, and I think especially in marriage, the bed can be, for some people, a pure delight, and sometimes it can be something that's a duty or even forced upon you, and I think it's an ever-continuing, interesting subject. Well, I think in marriage, suddenly it is getting better, I think, but it used to be the case that a woman was identified by who she was married to, and if she was married to somebody, she was the baker's wife or something, and she didn't have an identity of her own, and now she is more able to, but I still think that a woman often puts up with a lot more in a marriage, and even though now most women work in some form or another, when they've done their work, they still, more of them, go home and do the work again when they get home.


Praise the Lord. Welcome everyone to class this morning. It's a joy to see Abu Bakr, Linden, Aradna, Jafina, John Falls, Subashish joined class. Thank you. Also welcome to all our e-learning students who will be listening to these lectures later on. Last class we finished studying first Timothy. Today we'll begin studying Second Timothy. So before we look at Second Timothy, can one of you please lead us in prayer, please? Can I ask Aradna, can you lead us in prayer, please? Can Aradna or Subashish, Linden, anyone lead us in prayer? Heavenly Father, we thank you for this wonderful day that you've blessed us with Lord Jesus. Thank you for another learning that you've encouraged us to Lord Jesus. Thank you for teaching us the first Timothy, Lord Jesus. As we start with the epistle of Second Timothy, Lord Jesus, let the spirit intercede and let the spirit teach us how Apostle Paul wanted Timothy to understand things, Lord Jesus, and let your spirit lead us through in this class, Lord Jesus. Health pastor Selena be with her and Lord Jesus, you help us to meditate on your word, Lord Jesus, and everything that we learn about this chapter, Lord Jesus, about this book, Lord Jesus. Help those teachings be engraved in our hearts so that we could, Lord Jesus, we could work on this in our day-to-day life and as we start in our ministerial life, Lord Jesus, help that these words of wisdom, Lord Jesus, guide us through, Lord Jesus, help us and bless all the fellow students who are joining this class, Lord Jesus, be with us, all guide us, let your Holy Spirit lead us through in Jesus' name, we pray, Amen. Amen. Thank you, Linden. Okay, so there's not much of a major introduction to Second Timothy like we looked at in the first Timothy, but, you know, Second Timothy, what is a highlight of Second Timothy? Anyone knows what is the highlight of Second Timothy, or what is something striking about Second Timothy compared to Paul's other epistles? Compared to Paul's other epistles, what you think is what stands out about Second Timothy? I think Second Timothy is his last epistle. Yes, yes. Thank you, John Paul. Second Timothy is the last epistle that Paul is writing. Okay, so Paul is basically completed or done 24 years of ministry. He's traveled 15 major cities and for 18 years, Timothy has been with Paul, just receiving from him, learning from him. Okay, and we see that Paul, after his first Roman imprisonment, when he's free, you know, he travels to Crete, where he leaves, he does work there at Crete, he leaves young Titus there to oversee the churches at Crete, and then he goes on to epistles where he, you know, looks at the work that is done there, and he feels a need to leave a Timothy behind to oversee the churches and to continue the unfinished work at Ephesus, and then, you know, Paul goes down to Macedonia, where he writes to Timothy, the first letter of Timothy, and basically there he's talking about more about, you know, how to put things in place in the local community of believers at Ephesus, and how to lead the community or the church at Ephesus, but we see that when he's writing Second Timothy, you know, Paul goes on to Rome, and there he's imprisoned for the second time, and he knows that death is imminent, you know, he is going to die soon, and he's very well aware of that, so he writes this last epistle to his son in the faith who is Timothy, and he so desires Timothy to come and see him, but before Timothy does come to meet Paul, Paul is martyred, just shortly after he writes this epistle, about 8068, and traditions say that, you know, he was beheaded, he couldn't die in any other way, he couldn't be martyred in any other way other than being beheaded because he was a Roman citizen, okay, so in the first letter of Timothy where we studied, we see that Paul is basically giving Timothy instructions on how to lead the local congregation of believers at Ephesus, what are the things that he needs to do, but Second Timothy is more a personal letter where Paul is basically sharing specific instructions to Timothy on how to live his life as a minister of God, so it's more a personal letter, personal specific instructions that he is giving to young Timothy, okay, so we'll begin looking at chapter one, so can all of you please turn in your bibles with me to Second Timothy chapter one, again we can follow through and also some of us can read from Second Timothy chapter one, so can one of you read Second Timothy chapter one versus one and two please? Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God in keeping with the promise of life that is in Christ Jesus, to Timothy, my dear son, grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord. Amen, thank you, Lyndon, so Paul is acknowledging here that he is an apostle, you know, of Christ Jesus, we're not going to look at the meaning of the term apostle because we, I have explained this quite a bit when I taught you Romans last semester and also when we studied First Timothy, okay, so we all know who is an apostle, what is the meaning of an apostle, so he's saying here that he's an apostle of Christ Jesus and usually he introduces his epistles when he's writing, he's making known to the readers who he is because he's basically trying to communicate to them with what authority he's writing or telling them what they need to do or how they need to conduct themselves in the body of Christ, so he's saying that he's an apostle by the will of God, okay, so he's not saying that he's an apostle because he wants to be an apostle, like some of us you know can call ourselves apostle so-and-so, prophet so-and-so, pastor so-and-so, you know, because we like to have the name apostle or prophet against our names, but Paul is saying hey, I've not chosen to be an apostle by my own self, but it is a call of God, it is the will of God and it is God who determines, so remember when we are studying children's ministry, we looked at Ephesians where we saw that you know the fivefold ministry office, office gifts is particularly determined by Jesus Christ and when we are called to the office of an apostle or a prophet or a pastor, a teacher is specifically ordained by Jesus Christ himself and he calls people to the specific ministry offices, so Paul is again here reiterating the fact that he is an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God and interesting here he says according to the promise of life, okay, now if you notice this is a very, the statement is a very, or this phrase is a very unique phrase or a statement compared to the other greetings in Paul's other letters and it's very appropriate here that Paul is writing this because Paul who is imprisoned you know is aware that death is impending on him and he mentions about this later on in his episode but here he's basically locking into this truth or he's getting into this core truth that hey, you know even though this is our situation, even though this is my environment, this is where I am, this is my, now my future is this but you know in the midst of the uncertainty, in the midst of impending death, in the midst of you know the pain and the suffering, you know there is this hope that I can hold on to and what is this hope is there is the promised life and the word life here in Greek is zoe which means it's the eternal life which is the God kind of life okay and so he's very appropriately using this phrase here according to the promise of life and then he goes on to say grace mercy and peace okay now if you look at this very these three words which very familiar you know words that Paul uses in his greetings in any of his episodes that he's writing the letters that he's writing but in most of his other episodes generally Paul only uses the words grace and peace in his greetings so if you look at Romans chapter 1 verse 7 first Corinthians chapter 1 verse 3 second Corinthians 1 2 Galatians 1 3 Ephesians 1 2 Philippians 1 2 Colossians 1 2 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians all chapter 1 verse 2 everywhere you will see in his greetings he mentions only grace and peace but when he writes to these pastors Timothy and Titus he's compelled to greet them with the words grace mercy and peace so he's basically using mercy because he's basically trying to say or to show that as ministers of God hey we need more mercy you know yes we need grace and peace but actually as ministers of God we do need more mercy than anyone else and that is why he mentions this word in his greetings to Timothy and to Titus compared to his other letters okay and we know that he says here grace mercy and peace from God the Father in Christ Jesus our Lord so who is the source of grace mercy and peace who's the source of grace mercy and peace Jesus okay God is the source of grace mercy and peace okay he's the one who is the giver of grace mercy and peace he's the one who blesses us with this and when he blesses us you know his blessing is unlimited okay so grace mercy and peace comes from God and not from humans so something that we can learn is even when we pray for ourselves or when we pray for others we can also pray for God's grace mercy and peace in their lives or in our lives when we are praying and when we pray I just believe that you know his grace mercy and peace will flow in an unlimited and an abounding supply in our lives okay we'll move on to verses three to verse seven so can somebody please read verses three to seven before you can read verses three to seven anyone has any questions and verses one and two okay then can somebody read verses three to six seven please sorry Abu Baker sorry to interrupt we can't hear you can the others hear him I'm not able to hear you well not here can you increase your volume of your mic please and read it'll help thank you but it's slowly can others hear them I was hearing the jeffina reading but I wasn't hearing Abu Baker reading okay jeffina go ahead second in the chapter one verses three to seven I thank God whom I serve with a few conscience as my father stood as without seizing I remember you in my prayers night and day greatly desiring to see you being mindful of your tears that I may be filled with joy when I call to remembrance the genuine faith that is in you which dwelt first in your grandmother's and in your mother's unit and I am persuaded is in you also therefore and it reminds you to stir up the gift of God which is in you through the lame of my hands for God has not given us a spirit of fear but of power and of love and of the soul amen thank you jeffina so here Paul in verse three is saying you know I serve God with a pure conscience now if you remember in in his other episode 2 Timothy in 1st Timothy you know Paul emphasizes about pure and good conscience at least thrice in that letter so he talks about the pure and a good conscience at least thrice in 1st Timothy and now he states the same here but here he's talking in relation to how he has been serving God okay so he says he's serving God with a pure conscience so something that we all can learn is that when you know all of us who desire to serve God you know we need to serve God with a pure good and a pure conscience okay we can only have a pure and a pure conscience when we live right before God and man so God is not interested in how much we do for him God is interested that we serve him in holiness and in purity and uprightness and so Paul is saying that he is serving God with a clear good and a pure conscience so it's so important for us to learn ourselves that when we are serving God that we serve him with a clear good and a pure conscience and Paul is talking about the forefathers here he is basically talking about Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and you know the generations to follow and he's saying that they too serve God with a pure conscience which means that the forefathers serve God and they walked righteously before God and man now you can question or you can debate and say you know how can we really say that Abraham, Isaac and Jacob you know walked righteously before God there were so many things they they didn't may not have done right or you know we can question it but you know yes Bible scripture itself says that they walked righteously before God okay but they walked according to the revelation that they had received at in their time okay so in that in their time their age the revelation they received was very limited according to the revelation that received at in their time you know they did what was right in the sight of God according to the revelation that they had at that time but in the age time and age that we are living today the revelation that we have received is much greater than what you know the forefathers in the Old Testament received and the revelation that we have received today is the revelation that should guide us and how to live right in the eyes of God okay so Paul is saying that you know even our forefathers they serve God with a clear good and a pure conscience so he's basically telling Timothy Timothy that even as you are serving God you need to serve him with a pure clean and a good conscience okay and then he Paul says that you know that he really you know loves Timothy so much because Timothy is a son in the faith he has so much of deep affection for Timothy that he's continuing to pray for Timothy so he's just telling Timothy I know that you are in a in a difficult challenging place I know things are not easy for you but be assured of my prayers I'm appalling you I'm supporting you in my prayer okay so this is something very encouraging about Paul's life that you know people who co-work along with him his co-workers co-laborers people who he is mentor in the faith he just does not you know mentor them and leave them in a place to fulfill their assignment and role but he continues to strengthen them continues to teach them continue to help them and also pray for them so it's important that we also learn this from Paul's life that you know as ministers of God it's important that we not only just preach and teach but also to continuously uphold people in our prayer verse four he says greatly desiring to see you being mindful of your tears that I may be filled with joy okay so Paul says he's desiring to see Timothy because he knows that he's drawing to the end of his life and so he desires to see him and he's saying mindful of your tears so perhaps you know the tears Paul remembered where the tears Timothy would have shed during their last parting when the last time they saw each other and then he's also talking in verse five you know he goes on to talk about Timothy's genuine faith okay and he's telling him that his genuine faith was passed on as a heritage through the generations okay so this is what God desires you know God desires that the faith that a generation has received that that faith is passed on to the succeeding generations and we read this in Isaiah chapter 59 verse 21 God desires to see the spiritual truths God desires to see the anointing God desires to see the teaching being passed on from one generation to the next generation and of course we know that the anointing the teaching the impartation does not just happen automatically you know each generation has to work towards imparting work towards teaching ensuring that you know the anointing the the teaching is passed on from one generation to the other generation and how do you think you know people we who are people of this generation how do you think we need to pass on the truths the revelations the anointing the the impartation how do we need to pass it on to the next generation any thoughts through teaching through teaching them the word of God okay thank you Lubega firstly yes it's important that we teach them the word of God what else through practice through yes go ahead Lubega and then we'll ask us to let John Paul speak I was like saying that it should be through through observation through practice when you do practice what is right in front of others they will learn through their eyes not their ears only thank you yes thank you so it's important that we first are careful to model things ourselves before we preach and teach okay so first modeling or living out you know lives that are righteous holy pleasing acceptable in God's sight in front of our children before our children our grandchildren okay so that they're able to look at what genuine faith is they're able to see what holiness and righteousness really looks at like in everyday life and then of course important the second thing is that we need to teach them okay yes John Paul he was saying something I'll say the same thing being an example okay thank you setting an example in in speech in life in contact like Paul tells Timothy okay so it's important you know you I don't know if you've heard the saying in the classroom things are thought but at home things are caught more than thought okay it's like a tongue twister in the classroom things are thought but at home more things are caught than thought okay so children are watching more our lifestyles what how we do how we live and they catch it more than what we are speaking or teaching or telling them to do okay so that is versus four and five for us we move on to versus six and seven says therefore I remind you to stir up the gift of God which is in you to the laying on of my hands so Paul is actually telling Timothy hey Timothy you know you're very gifted you're a valuable man in the kingdom of God okay but Paul is noticing that in Timothy there is you know there seems to be a very timid streak in him and for this reason we see that Paul is always encouraging him encouraging Timothy to be bold and strong okay so and we also get a clue here from what Paul is writing to Timothy that it appears that Timothy might have been reluctant you know to exercise all of his spiritual gifts basically maybe he's perhaps intimidated by people who are older than him and that is why you know Paul is encouraging him so if you look at first and second Timothy there is no less than 25 different places where Paul is encouraging Timothy to be bold not to shy away from you know his roles his responsibilities for what he needs to stand up for the truth how to stand up to be strong and bold and to teach the truth teach the doctrine to lift the truth you know to speak the truth and he's sensing or he maybe has noticed so he's heard that Timothy is not doing that because you know he must be thinking hey he's young and there are people older to him so maybe he's feeling a little intimidated about that and he's not being very strong and bold enough to stand up and confront people and confront ideas and ideologies and so you know Paul is telling Timothy hey Timothy you're in a place of responsibility okay and you need to recognize your roles and responsibility and you know you need to live up to that roles and responsibility that you have so you know Paul knows that you know well he's a well aware that you know even as Timothy had to bear up to all these responsibilities that Timothy needed to hear these things again and again that is why we see you know in first Timothy chapter four was twelve Paul tell encourages Timothy not to let people look down on his youth okay and he tells him not to hold back and he exhorts him to exercise in his gift remember we read in first Timothy chapter four was fourteen where Paul tells him do not neglect the gift that is in you which is given to you through prophecy to the laying on of hands of the elder so he keeps reminding Timothy and again here in verse six he's saying hey Timothy stir up the gift you know stir it up in in you okay so what does the word stir up mean or what is the picture that you get when you when you read this phrase or these words stir it up any thoughts any ideas it my I think it's a little it literally means work hard on them like revise hard read the books around pray to God first call upon God is anointing on you and that's what I think I'm sorry if it's not the right one no thank you Lupega it's basically yes you know stir up you know means to you know keep alive you know rekindle you know or you know kindle of flame you know keep the fire alive keep the fire burning you know keep the fire strong don't let it die down stir up you know stir up what is there in you so what are the simple ways that we can stir up the gifts of God in our lives what are the simple ways we can stir up the gift of God in our life so sorry Abu Bakr we can't hear you you can type it in the chat section so that we don't miss on what you're saying hello everyone how do we stir up the gifts of God in us continuously being in his presence yes thank you continuously being in his presence yes continuously be mindful that we live move and have a being in Christ okay how do you continuously uh you know be in God's presence okay Abu Bakr says by using our gifts that God has given us okay how do you stir up the gifts of God in you okay use the gifts of God okay continuously be in the presence of God how do you continuously be in the presence of God trying as much as possible to be with the right people around you who help you in the right direction of course reading the word of God first thing and prayer are part of the story to mention but a few yes you know the important thing yes is to read God's word to spend time you know praying you know praying in tongues praying time yes praying and studying God's word thank you Abu Bakr Subashi says when we use it by the part of the Holy Spirit yes you're spending more time in worship in prayer in in reading and studying God's word you know and like Lubega said also associating with those who are flowing in the similar gifts and like Abu Bakr said use the gifts of God because when you use the gifts of God you know it you know and like Subashi says when you use the gift of God you are you know mindful of the power of the Holy Spirit the anointing of the Holy Spirit and you know you'll become more stronger in those areas stronger in the in the gifts of God and you will flow mightily in it yes so these are the ways that we need to stir up the gifts so do all of you have the gifts of God in you anyone here who says I don't have any gift of God in me so all of you are 100% sure that you have the gift of God in you yes okay so when you don't see the gifts of God being used in your life you know the reason and you know what you need to do you basically have to stir it up and you know how to stir it up right okay so we'll move on he says you know stir up the gifts of God which is in you through the laying on of hands so what does he mean by this I've already explained to you when we studied first Timothy so can you just highlight what I said what does it mean when he says you know stir up the gifts of God which is in you through the laying on of hands what does it mean do we receive okay can I ask this question can do we receive the gifts of the Holy Spirit or do we receive the gifts of God only when people lay hands on us yes no can we have some answers not necessarily okay not necessarily no okay yes no because no we don't receive gifts from human beings who's the source or a giver of gifts the Holy Spirit the Holy Spirit is God himself who gives us the gifts okay but why is Paul telling Timothy here as well as in 1st Timothy you know he says you know which you receive by through prophecy to the laying on of hands like I read in 1st Timothy chapter 4 verse 14 and here again he's saying you know it's given to you by the laying on of hands why is he mentioning this through prophecy through laying of hands why no everyone I explain this when we study 1st Timothy chapter 4 verse 14 I hope it's all gone out of the window is there in your minds in your hearts okay remember I said that spiritual gifts can be imparted and activated from one believer another believer okay so you have the spiritual gifts in you it's given to you by God but it can be activated which means it can be initiated or it can get started you know you didn't know that gift is there in you and through impartation prophecy laying on of hands you know somebody says hey you have this gift you know of God in you you use it and so you're mindful of it and then you know it's initiated it started so spiritual gifts can be imparted and activated by one believer into another believer and the reason you know we can just we need to stir up and set out to use the gifts God has given us is because the Holy Spirit through whom God has given us fills us with his power okay so it's very important that you know Paul is telling Timothy that hey Timothy you have received these gifts you know you've received it through prophecy or you've received it through laying on of hands all that is very good but you need to stir it up you need to set out on you know using the gifts of God because these gifts have been given to you by the Holy Spirit you know who fills you with power okay and that is why he goes on to mention in in verse seven for God has not given us a spirit of fear but of power love and a sound mind so what he's telling him is the reason Timothy why you need to stir up these gifts that you have received is because the Holy Spirit whom God has given to us fills us with his power fills us with his love that means he fills us with his power that is unanimous power he fills us with agape that is a God kind of love and he's also given us a sound mind so what do we mean by a sound mind a sound mind means a mind that is a mind which is self-controlled disciplined you know as moderation there's moderation there is also self-governing ability okay so a sound mind is a mind that has self-governing ability it is self-controlled and disciplined so Paul is telling Timothy that you know you need to stir up the gifts because of these reasons because Holy Spirit is filled you with dunamis which is the power of God is filled you with agape which is the love of God and is giving you a sound mind now if you look at the sound mind in the ancient greek the ancient greek word for sound mind has an idea of you know a calm self-controlled mind which is in contrast to a mind which is panicking which is confused which is you know filled with fear or anxiety when fearful situations arise so you know he's saying that you know you have been given the sound mind and hence you need to stir up this gift so even as you play for yourself you know ask God you know to help you not to neglect the gifts that he has given you you know and do your part to stir up the gifts and you know how you need to do what you need to do to stir up the gifts and even as you stir up the gifts you know you you just can't sit down and keep stirring up the gifts it's of no point if you don't step out and use the gifts so when you step out and use the gifts you thank God and be assured and say God even as I step out to use the gifts that you have given to me for your glory of course you know you have already filled me with dunamis which is God kind of power you're filled with agape love so when you exercise those gifts you exercise it with the love of God you know you don't exercise it to receive glory for yourself you don't exercise those gifts in condemnation and also that you have a sound mind so it's important that for some of us who are trying to live with a renewed mind we don't have a sound mind our mind is totally confused battering us oppressed depressed most of the time in panic mode you know we continue to declare that you know you have a sound mind that God has given you a sound mind declare that you have the mind of Christ because God's word says that declare that you have a sound mind sound concentration sound understanding sound memory power for some of you who are growing a little older and you're trying to you're saying that hey I'm forgetting things I'm telling myself nowadays you know I have sound memory sound concentration keep telling yourself that because God has given us a sound mind amen all of us okay so interesting that Paul mentions these three here he mentions power love and self-control in the context of the gifts of God and why is he using these three things in the context of the gift of God is basically because he's saying that the gifts of God must be exercised how the gifts of God should be exercised not with hey hello everyone you know I have these gifts I'm super powerful super man super woman you know he man she woman whatever you know I'm super spiritual no it is you exercise gifts in the power of God with the love of God and in a self-controlled manner which means you know it's important that when you exercise gifts you exercise in a self-controlled manner which is why Paul is writing to the church at Corinth and he's saying he's telling them in that context he's not talking about that they should not be using or exercising the gifts but in the context he's writing he's saying hey all of you are flowing in the gifts but when you come to church there's total chaos there's total disorder so I want you to follow some order some format you know when you're exercising a gift because everyone when they come to church they're so eager one has a word of wisdom one has a word of knowledge some people have prophecies some people want to speak in tongues I want to interpret that tongue and they're so might be flowing in the gifts because they're so zealous in the gifts of the spirit that they're flowing in that but when it comes to how to you know flow in the gifts in a corporate setting Paul is giving them directions there so he's saying that even when you exercise gifts you need to exercise it in a self-controlled way and another thing he's reminding us here is that fear must not hold us back he's telling Timothy don't let fear hold you back from exercising your gifts don't be afraid you know in the same way you know some of us all of us you know God has given us gifts he wants us to use his gifts mightily for the extension of his kingdom that is how people are going to come into the kingdom of God like we see in the early church you know it's not only through the preaching and teaching but it was accompanied by science miracles and wonders and that is why whole towns or whole families you know where or even prisons you know people were accepting Jesus God accepting the gospel because they were able to see the power of God so powerfully manifested through the apostles through the early believers and the disciples so don't be afraid don't have the fear of failing you know or the fear of being wrong when you're exercising the gifts sometimes we can you know do things out of the flesh we can make mistakes but always go back to your secret place always ask God why didn't the healing happen you know what did I not do right what should I have I done you know please show me please guide me I remember you know a man of God minister who I love listening to his sermons very powerful great insights great truths and powerful revelations that he you know he makes it so simple for us he was you know mightily he flows mightily in the supernatural the whole church as well so he was saying that he was at one point of time he was praying continuously for people with that same sickness but he was not seeing healing of people being healed especially he was very heartbroken when a mother came with a child who had the same sickness and you know she came with so much of hope and she was so disappointed when the child wasn't healed so the pastor was saying that you know he did not give up he did not think okay God has called me to heal only such such such diseases or give me breakthroughs in such areas but in this area maybe God has called someone else it's not my area but he went into his the secret place and he spoke with God and he asked God God show me what I did not do right what I need to do you know to get a breakthrough to see healing to see people heal in this area so it's important for us to do the same okay so don't hold back in any way because God has not given us a spirit of timidity or fear but of power and a love and of love sorry when God has given us these things we don't accept what God has not given us he's not given us a spirit of fear so we don't accept that you know but what do we need to humbly receive and walk in in is what he has given us he's given us a spirit of power of love and a sound mind can we say any amen to that please amen okay then we'll move on to verse eight it says therefore do not be ashamed of the testimony of our Lord or of me his prisoner but share with me the sufferings for the gospel according to the power of God therefore the word therefore Paul has is using here is because Paul has just told Timothy about the spirit of power love and a sound mind you know which he's saying is a birth right for every believer in Christ Jesus and now he's telling Timothy you know how to let what God gave him to guide his thinking okay so in the view of the spirit that God has given him you know he's telling him do not be ashamed of speaking about the Lord do not be ashamed of the gospel of Jesus Christ he reminds him in 1 Timothy remember do not be ashamed of the gospel of Jesus Christ here he's saying do not be ashamed of speaking about the Lord and also he says do not be ashamed with identifying with other fellow ministers genuine ministers of God because there were some were not genuine ministers of God so you know do not be ashamed of identifying with genuine ministers of God even if they're suffering for the sake of Christ and then he's saying share in the sufferings of the gospel okay so what he's telling Timothy is God's power is that it's God's dunamis miracle working supernatural power is what enables us to take our part in the suffering for the gospel okay so he's saying according to the power of God Paul actually you know is suffered according to the power of God but you know even though he was going through suffering the power of God is always there okay and Paul is reminded of that so he's telling Timothy hey Timothy yes the power of God the miracle supernatural work miracle working power of God a dunamis power of God yes it's available for us you know but it does not mean that you know God will remove away the difficulty sometimes you know God sees us through the difficulty but sometimes even if you know we succumb to the difficulty we know that we have the power of God in us in that situation give us the power and the grace to overcome it give us a strength to go through it and to sustain us through that difficulty and through that situation okay so this is another important very important dimension of God's miracle working power that you know God's miracle working power is not just there to perform great miracle signs and wonders through us but also his miracle working power is available to give us the ability and the strength to end your sufferings is to end your persecution hardships opposition for the gospel okay I'll stop here we look at verse nine in after the break anyone has any questions any questions okay if there are no questions we'll go for a break and then we'll come back and we'll begin with verse nine thank you everyone


धाराब जा। रयज छाती जempt था अभा node नज میں द印 अज न हदता from humans औरनज़ तो थzenie. बption जो उसen नज तनन था なचँ. स्थोग यही स्ैyo औरनज़ तनन था जदा। काए जदा दा Jan संसनो । Local सि member काच आतव Germ जदा। ौ़ुथु इस पल लेती है। ौगु.. रछ वीड़े। ौझी विजेव ढ़ टीज। has müchi ौगु एक आप नहीं। ूई आप नीव याज्गने । ौई ौगु इस भीब आता था। ॐअ प्रूँखषूई कर्देंगा । थरे ख्भी, ने आद्द, यो वो थे क्या ज़ा नहीब आप आप नहीं जो कोई वो होगा नहीं देखासी ऍूब अग मैंईन कोस्ठीश्व कर zuhaa अग मैंगई मैंगई मैंगई मैंगई वो भी लाँतिशाप ड़ीप बाद़ने धादेदुग की कगई जो आफ सकशी वित शगा वोगा और तो loong than और बाभाबाबाबाबाबाबाबाबाब- और घाना वी जो गर क्चानी दूड, पात्रीषीच्यप रहाड वि देखा। यह आद गु़ने के पीज़ग गु़ने उधीवाद्सम्याग बाद़िहता। अब वादऴाद़िज़्दा है, रोंफीद़ आद कर्ज� now, at that time onwards the same efforts which we had while spotting the section last year अब अब वाद़िच्चे। तरिच आद औगोगर रीच मठाची।। और वह ब वटा आन्ँर of other universities which are present in the state of Andhra Pradesh. at this point in time, तो बिने ता अफार, तो लईका सकश्वो। तो जो आप खुल्गाए, तो उन्फार, खॉल्गा किन्धाद मूभगेल्या, वभाल इन्नेश्बाफ़ाद, नेजध के बाह है, रह्व at this live session I would like to welcome each and everyone and obviously Professor Kananणणण मगले our principal investigator has covered all the points. और मुस्तीस्रावाद है there is nothing left to be said but please be assured of our complete supportआन्धद बुर्जानादा यहाडान्या देखडागादींगा continua from the state of आंद्दा प्रदेशन एकदानादा ahora Lagna Godinādā, and it was really very good experience for me to travel तरीवाटीन लोग of the good experience for me to travel in places like nightly places like Tirupati, आनारतापूर, करनुर, निल्बुर, छित्तूर and various other places in the northern part of Andhra also. जो फोची आप दभी लुद अर्द करीवाद, आप दोग़ादे बाहीद, बिरट्गागाबी चीज, यहसी थो देज थीग, आब ज़्ताना, आत्डीश कर था डिळ आकादा, तो आंधर पूग खबोग First one has made progress with the state. अन्डर पॉपुपुपुपुपुपुपुपुतृ, आनधर पूदोर्यूल, आदाspot drove the trainings which are spoken tutorials somewhere around 413 training sessions which have been conducted so far, out of which 17,222 participants have been trained till date. यसी अँ भी दंऴिन ताज coupling is tail-date. as on today, it is 17,222. त़े आन तद सारि tamanho नहीं तहाड तब विजगांटे, in the days to come, if almost all the colleges in दश्यग्टे ऊद अंद्द्रोप्रीएष फबन तब शमचवे प्रतेने क्योंद, it will be better आदा नीग़िंसी कात् next मैं करेंटी, मैं कमी खडिली की मैं सपझलट्यी नी लेह लाईकी दोलड़ा सोग लगते है? अआ अर्जकों षिल्ग है लग्या. आन लुय कर लगते है। लिएко मैं साशिक दर आजोंग करच्संगा. आजोंग आप देखाबता। at aap's, at government level level till the state of Tamil Nadu.  ज़ेण तुब ख़्ब पोब जुन सतल बागे कूगा off अपना डार एक लेंग तुआब यादे ठादा अपना गूद, जो बात सब क्यों कि boyfriend इस दिया खर्ति,लगे की मघ्तारत से गाएave kti jina iv einee kog साई perchne quite साई जो प्यन polynomial Causeतार्य इसरकरसी अजो जान क्यों कि नाईkerse आब रहीืंटिई अघराभा, ईसी तब आब अर्दिननलिरस you can be assured and in case if you are having any kind of difficulty, I am always there to support on the upper hand. So and also I wish to extend the best wishes from the spoken tutorial team here. On behalf of my national coordinator Mrs. Shyama here she would have really allowed to address this session because of some other commitments. Ma'am is not available here today but obviously she would really like to see all the universities in the state of Andhra to progress. So once again I wish a great success to all the universities there in the state of Andhra Pradesh. And soon after the universities enter into the partnership we want the affiliated colleges also to follow the suit. Starting from Srikakulam, Vijayanagara and ending till Tirupati Chittu district all districts needs to be covered and district vice presence needs to be there. And obviously for best performing colleges in each and every district of the state we are planning to award the resource center status. So please be assured of our complete support. We the spoken tutorial team from IIT Bombay are always there for your help and support. And I just wish to pass on the mic to my colleague Mrs. Pallavi Nilay. And before that once again thanks to the coordination done by Prof. Shankar of JNT Anantapur, an important coordinator there at the campus. And also to Prof. Anandarao who is also the director of academic and planning who has been supporting since he has taken over the project. Prof. Shobha Bindu from JNT Anantapur College of Engineering, Prof. Kavitha Reddy from Jipullar Reddy College. Faculty from Andhra University and all other participating universities. And also it would be unfair if I do not mention the name of Sri Venkateshwara College, Tirupati, Sri Vidya Niket, Vidya Niket and Tirupati again. And a few more eminent colleges there under the purview of JNT Kakinada, Swarnathara College of Engineering and so and so colleges. Many colleges are there. I am really sorry I am unable to take your names but we really want to work with you. We want to make this national mission available to each and every college there. Not only engineering, not only arts and science but also to other colleges like I mean other works of education like polytechnics and even schools we are ready to work with. So once again thanks for extending us the privilege of having partnered with you. Congratulations once again for the Digital India Week celebration which is going on there at your campus. This is Mohamed Kasim signing off from IIT Bombay. Thank you. Hello. Is it audible? Good afternoon everybody. Again this is Pallavi here and right now just Mr. Mohamed Kasim, my colleague. He finished his talk about ANRA and I would like to inform all of you that you have got this magical tool called spoken tutorials and you can use it for training your students. As sir mentioned in his talk that there are many remote areas where faculties are not available. I think that spoken tutorial can play a eminent role over there. We don't want to replace faculties with spoken tutorial that is not the aim at all. The thing is that we want to make study easy for all the students and that is why we are here to support you. So I will request all the colleges to share their timetable with us. When I say timetable it can be computer lab timetable. What we will do? We will suggest the best fit map open sources course to you and we will send it back to you. And what we are expecting it has to come in some type of regular activity. So for that what you can do? You can include it in the timetable. And further we look that it has to be involved into syllabus or curriculum. So it will become a routine and all the students for taking admission every year will get the opportunity to learn this software free of cost and get the certificates also. This opportunity will also develop a confidence in them. Because I have few examples where students have learnt blender, GIMP and they have started their small business. So these are some skill oriented courses which students can learn and use it. This was all about the benefits and for my details you can go to our website. We have there all the details as Sir showed before. My contact number and my email id is also there. I will provide on the chat screen also. All of you can write to me. We are a team. I will just call Preeti also. Hello everyone. I am Preeti here. I am providing the training details for Puducherry and Andaman. So here after I will be helping Pallavi Nilay mam with starting with Andhra Pradesh to come on board. So I wish I am very happy and I am proud to be in this Digital India Week event. Looking forward to come all the universities and affiliate colleges to come on board. Thank you. So that was Preeti. And without taking any more time I just would like to wind up. And before that I will give my contact details and my email id on the chat screen. Friends what I expect is I want to take Andhra Pradesh to number one level in spoken tutorials. Right now we are having Tamil Nadu at first level. Gujarat at second level. And so my plans for the coming academic year is to take Andhra Pradesh at maybe first or second level. Most probably first level and I want all your cooperation in that. And I know that you are going to support me for this. So all the best to all of you and I will just give my details on the chat screen and I will wind up. So bye to all of you. So I have given all the details. So I have already given my contact details and my email id on the chat screen. For all the queries you can write to me. In fact we have received some queries on chat also.  So all the best to all of you. And if you have any difficulties related to new interface as professor Kavita said. You can directly call me or write me. We will definitely support you with the new interface. We will help you to get the mapping done. Thank you very much.


What's up guys, my name is Michael and welcome to my YouTube channel today where you're going to go over how to merge two sorted link lists. So let's say we have this link list of 137 and it's null and then we have a link list B which is one, two and a null. So we want to merge these two so that it becomes sorted, right? So we know the first two link lists are sorted and we want to return the final link list where they're all sorted in sort of order. So imagine you just like have all these numbers to be one, one, two, three and then seven. All these values are just going to be sorted. So we have basically we have the same, same numbers in both of the lists, but now they're all sorted. Right? Okay. So that's basically what we want to return. So we have same numbers one, three, seven, one, two, but now they're all in sorted order and it's in one giant list. So yeah. All right. I'm going to go over how to do this problem because I feel like there's not much other to explain. Okay. So first of all, let's say we got, I'm going to do it recursively by the way. So let's say we have one, three and seven and this goes to null. And the second one we have one, two and a null, oops, and this goes to null. Okay. So let's say we had like, okay, let's say we had, let's, so since we're doing this recursively, we have to think about the base cases. So let's say we're at the end of the list. So where both lists are at the end, right, for both of these, like we're trying to merge them all together, right? So in our final list, if both of these are null, right, if both of these, these two nodes from our first list and the second list, if they're both null, then we should add a null. Right. Do you guys understand what I mean? Like if, if we compare this to this, it's going to be null. Our final list has to have a null. The reason why is because like, well, they're both null. So our final list has to have a null. Right. So if the, if any of the nodes that we're going looking through our null, then our final list has to point to a null. Okay. It has to return null. Likewise, if now let's say that we're comparing null with like two, right? So if we're going to insert all these values to the final list of like one, one, two, three, seven null, if we're comparing a null with like just about regular value two, we need to return whichever that's not null. Right. So if I'm at like this point, and this part is null, right? If I want to add my value to the end link list, then this whatever I'm returning, it has to not be null. Right. Like, let's say we had a one, one, two, three, seven, right? So we have this list and this list. If I'm going to insert, let's say we already inserted like all the other values like one, one, then this is not a good example. But anyway, if we're at this point where we have two and then null at this location, then we have to add whichever value that's not null, right? We have to add two here, and then go to the next one to the next node that we're adding. You guys understand what I'm saying, right? Because like if if you reach to a null, that means that you're at the end of the list for one of the lists, right? So you have to continue on the other list. Do you know what I mean? So like if, so let's say I reach the end of the list of this list of null. My other, other node is still looking at the other list because it's doing not the same size, right? Then I have to add whichever value that's not null, right? I have to add like seven here or something, right? So that's what depends on the link list.  So the three base cases are, if they're both null, so if the first node that I'm looking at is null, and the second one is null, then I have to return null. And that's the case when both of these are like at the end, right? They're at the end, then I have to add a null in my, I have to add an end to my last link list that I'm returning, right? I have to add a null because they're both null. If one of them is null, so if one of them is null, if the second list head is null, but the first one's not, and I have to return the first one, because that's the, that's just continuing on the rest of the first list, right? And if the first one is null and the second one's not null, then I have to return the second one. And the reason why is because this is just adding whichever list that, whichever node is not null, right? If we're, if we reach one part of that's null, that means we're finished with one of the lists. And the other list, we still need to continue adding those values in. So that's why for those values, we have to, we just have to return that other node, right? Whichever node that's not null. So heads two is not null, then we return head two, right? All right, this part is where it gets a little tricky to understand. But I guess you have to bear with me. So we have head one. And so we already went through the base cases, right? So let's actually go over, go through an example test case of the current test case, and then we'll see how this actually affects anything. So if we look at the first test case of 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 7, null, then 1, 2, null, we have, let's go through the first statement. So if the head of the linked list data is less than or equal to head two of the data, I'm going to recursively call on the next list. And set my head ones next to point to that. So what does this mean? This means that, so let's say, let's say this is there. This is our head, right? This is our head one, head, this is head one, and this is head two. Let's call it H2, OK? H2 and H1, OK? So let's say H1 is less than or equal to H2, right? So in this case, it is, right? 1, 1. So what am I going to do? Well, what I'm going to do is I'm going to set this pointer of ones next, right, this pointer of ones next, is going to point to recursively calling the rest of the list passing in these values, right? So this head one, this head one's next. This one is going to point to the rest of the list passing in the next of the value, right? Merging in the rest of the list of that value. So then it would be one point to whatever that is merged with 3, 7, 0 and 1, 2, 0, right? Whichever is returned to this part, right? Because what it's doing is that it's going to merge the rest of the list of head one with head two's list so that you could return your final merged list together. So that's what this is doing, right? If our current data is less than or equal to seconds data, so if this one is equal to one or it's less than it, then we're just going to recursively call on the rest of the list and pass it in. All right, let's say it was greater than it, though. So let's say the current value is greater than the current data. And that scenario would happen if when we traverse through the second point, so let's say we already merged one, one together. So one point to one. So these are already merged, right? So let's actually give it this. They're already merged together. Now we're at 3 and 2. So in this situation, 3's data is greater than 2's data, right? 3's data is greater than 2's data. So what is it going to do, right? OK, so what's going to do is it's going to set a pointer temporary to point to the second node. So this is the second node, right? This is the second node, head two. So it's going to set a temporary node to point to this, right? This is a secondary node point to this. Then it's going to set head two's next point to go to the next node. So this two is going to go to the next one. So this is going to be h2 is going to go to the next node, right? So now this is technically gone now, or this link is gone technically. So h2 is now goes to points to the next node, which is null, and 10 points to 2, OK? Then what's going to do is it's going to set temp2's attempts next. This two is going to point to head one. So this two is going to point to now head one, which is 3. So 2 is next, going to point to 3. And then it's going to set head one to equal to temp. So our new head that we're going to get now is going to point to this. This is going to be our new head, right? Do you guys see why? Because it's going to now have 2, then go to 3, then go to 7, right? Before it wasn't merged. Now it's merged. Now what's going to set is it's going to recursively call on head ones next on the rest of the list. So it's going to be head ones is h2 is 2. And it's going to recursively call on the next list of this. So yeah. So the 2 is going to next is going to point to recursively calling on the rest of the list of this. So in the end, we return head one, which is going to be, after recursively calls, multiple recursive calls, it's going to be this one. It's going to be head one. And then we're going to return this new head. So yeah. I hope I explained it properly. It's a little bit hard to wrap. But basically what we're doing is we're just changing the links of each of the nodes so that we're actually merging the rest of them. So when you recursively call on the rest of the list, we're merging the rest of the nodes with what we previously stated. So yeah. So yeah, to create a temporary point to head two, we're going to go to the next node. And then we're going to just point 2's next is going to, temporary next is going to point to h1, set h1 to temp. And that h1 equals the next node. Point to the next node. So yeah. And then at the end, we just return h head one, h1, which is this one here. So yeah, I hope you guys enjoyed this video. Rate, com, subscribe. Let me know if I explained this properly. If not, I'll try to explain it again. But yeah, that's pretty much just this problem. Peace.


In an interview I gave to Richard Granon a few months ago, I told him that there is no way to heal from narcissistic abuse until and unless the victim separates and Individuates in other words separates from the narcissist and becomes an individual because the narcissist plays the role of a mother and Regresses the victim to early infancy And so the victim needs to grow up so to speak to return from infancy to adulthood By separating from the mother figure and becoming again an Individual but there's a flip side to this coin and the flip side is the narcissist himself Has not been allowed to separate and individuate as a child Mother and father of the narcissist the parental figures the caregivers They did not let him become an individual The narcissist is not there There's nobody there. It's an emptiness avoid The narcissist has no self. He has no ego and because he has none of these things the narcissist is incapable of bonding and attachment and incapable of positive Emotionality Not capable of love in other words The narcissist is a simulacrum a simulation of a human being But by any extension of the word he is not one My name is Sam Vaknin I'm a professor of psychology and a professor of finance in the outreach program of the CS Consortium of universities see ups Center for international advanced and professional studies and I'm also a professor of psychology in Southern Federal University in Worstov-on-Don in the Russian Federation and the author of malignant self love narcissism Revisited I'm meter 73. I have brown eyes and don't you ask about my socks? There are more holes than socks. All right Now, you know everything about me and we can finally proceed to less serious subjects like the narcissist End you today. I'm going to hand over the keys to the kingdom The code books the enigma machine the way to understand the narcissists Totally contradictory and bizarre behaviors Sometimes the narcissist is romantically jealous and possessive even to the point of paranoia At other times with the very same intimate partner. He couldn't care less He is totally disinterested in what his partner is doing with whom and where How can we reconcile these two? How can these two? Opposites exist in the same person. Isn't this mutually exclusive?  So many contradictions and yet claim to have a personality. What about the concept of individual? Someone who stands apart in the video divided stands apart. What about that? the narcissist seems to Be in flux He seems to he's more like a river than let's say a lake or a pond He is constantly in motion and as he moves along The landscape changes all the time to the narcissist intimate partner. This could be exceedingly disorienting and so to relieve your confusion and I'm doing this because I'm one of the most charitable altruistic nice and kind people on earth and probably in the solar system So to relieve your anxiety and to help you understand what the heck is going on with this guy Or girl the narcissist. I'm going to date to Provide you with a very simple set of keys Okay, let's first talk about possessiveness and Romantic jealousy Sometimes the narcissist is very possessive and very romantically jealous at other times He couldn't care less even if you were to have sex in front of him with someone else How can you explain this? Well, the two keys are grandiosity and Transaction Let's start with grandiosity grandiosity uniqueness When the narcissist acquires His partner I'm gonna use he for a narcissist. I'm gonna use the male pronouns Although today, it's 50 50 50 percent of all narcissists are women and 50 percent are men But still I'm going to use he for convenience sake. So when the narcissist acquires his intimate partner There is a phase where he is very possessive and he's very possessive because Acquiring her the process of acquisition It is an integral part of another process known as co-idealization In other words, when the narcissist recruits When he brings into the fold when he house breaks or domesticates or conquers or acquires Woman as an intimate partner He invests in the process of acquiring her his Grandiosity his sense that he's unique that he's special that he's irresistible That he is one and only so we can use so acquiring an intimate partner Is not about the intimate partner It's about idealizing himself by idealizing the intimate partner by idealizing the interaction by idealizing the process of coming together The narcissist actually is idealizing himself and if The woman he had chosen Chooses another man over him That is narcissistic injury and if she does it publicly and humiliates him that leads to narcissistic modification So the first reason a narcissist would be possessive or romantically jealous Is because he is terrified of being narcissistically injured or mortified By choosing an intimate partner by choosing a woman if he's a man He actually Endows her with the power To challenge and undermine his grandiosity and sense of uniqueness because all she has to do is Has have sex with another man or choose another man as a romantic partner or consider Committed relationship with another man the minute there is an element of choice The minute the woman Chooses another man in any way bodily romantically emotionally The minute she had done this She had she would have inflicted a narcissistic injury on the narcissist It would disrupt the process of co-idealization because the implicit message in such a choice is I Found another man who is better than you I found another man who is more than you I found another man who is more intelligent than you better looking than you Better lover than you and these messages are injurious narcissistically anticipating the possibility of such an extreme narcissistic injury Anticipating the undermining of his grandiosity and sense of uniqueness the narcissist becomes anxious It's anticipatory anxiety and he interprets this overwhelming All-pervasive anxiety in terms of possessiveness and romantic jealousy The truth is he couldn't care less about his intimate partner and who she is with because he is not intimate with her Narcissist are not capable with intimate of intimacy of bonding of attachment of love So why would they care they don't the answer is they don't The narcissist romantic jealousy is not about his intimate partner and what she may be doing with others the narcissist Romantic jealousy is about himself. It's self-protective the narcissist once exclusivity with his intimate partner in order to Make sure that she doesn't have the option to choose someone else in order to defend her in order to remove her to to deny her access to the weapon of narcissistic injury if both parties agree on exclusivity then He is unique by definition. He is the only the one and only and his grandiosity is upheld and buttressed and supported and vindicated and verified if however She strays or She chooses someone else over him. She has the power. It's all a power play She has the power to diminish him to humiliate him to negate him And so at that point he needs to defend himself against such possibilities and he experiences this process as Being possessive or being romantically jealous because that's the only human vocabulary Available to everyone in narcissists included the narcissist often mislabels Mislabels his emotion is negative emotions and his internal processes And this is one one such occasion of mislabeling having traversed the Love bombing and Grooming stage of the shared fantasy having entered the shared fantasy with his intimate partner The narcissist Loses all interest in the intimate partner as far as exclusivity goes. He doesn't mind and he doesn't care who she's with What is she doing? Where when for how long etc. He doesn't care anymore. He had acquired her She's he's she's a captive within the shared fantasy. She can't exit There's no way for her to replace him with anyone. He feels safe. It doesn't feel the need to care if she, you know Has has some fun if she has some fun with others but this is only true as long as As long as the narcissist is sure That he is not losing the intimate part In other words as long as the narcissist can take his intimate partner for granted He will never be romantically jealous Oppositive he starts to be romantically jealous and possessive within the shared fantasy when he risks losing the three s's sex Services and or narcissistic and statistic supply. These are the three s's So the intimate partner of a narcissist in the shared fantasy Provides him with the three s's but if she were to choose another man then The narcissist risk losing these three s's his investment so to speak the shared fantasy is a form of investment So he risk losing the investment so he develops separation in security Abandonment anxiety and he becomes possessive and romantically jealous in order to reclaim her Including using reclaimed sex So he tries to reclaim her because he's terrified of losing whatever it is that she can give him the three s's So let us summarize Before when the narcissist is in the love-bombing and grooming phase the narcissist is Idealizes his partner By idealizing his partner the narcissist idealizes himself. That's called idealization and at this stage of love-bombing and grooming The narcissist's grandiosity is very vulnerable and very exposed because the targeted intimate partner the Potential victim or prey or source of supply Can simply walk away and choose another man over the narcissist if she were to do this the narcissist would sustain narcissistic injury and in extreme cases narcissistic modification terrified of this and Anticipate anticipating this possibility the narcissist becomes very possessive and very romantically jealous That's in the love-bombing and grooming phase Within the shared fantasy the narcissist is never romantically Jealous and never possessive except With one exception when he anticipates loss When he believes that he can no longer take his intimate partner for granted. She's about to bail out She is Scanning the horizon. She's looking for alternatives That terrifies him not because it terrifies him not because he's about to lose the intimate partner He couldn't care less who the intimate partner is.  He had invested a lot in Creating the fantastic paracosm space within which she's captive like the spider web He weaved the spider web. She's caught in it. He doesn't want her to go looking for other flies so The minute he senses that he's about to lose his intimate partner. He suddenly becomes Extremely possessive and romantically jealous so the first case love-bombing and grooming phase romantic jealousy and possessiveness are The results of a challenge to the ground to grandiosity The undermining of grandiosity not a cystic injury the second case within the shirt fantasy romantic jealousy and possessiveness are triggered by a The prospect of loss by anticipated loss But not loss of the intimate partner loss of her services her sex and her supply Similarly, there's a dichotomy when it comes to sex Sometimes the narcissist is hypersexual Sex maniac sometimes a sex addict even and sometimes the narcissist is Hypo sexual to the point of a sexuality not having sex at all and the reason is that There are two sets of motivations as far as the narcissist is concerned you remember That when when we discussed a few minutes ago possessiveness and romantic jealousy. I told you that one set of motivations is grandiosity feeling unique During the love-bombing phase and the other set of motivations is utilitarian instrumental transactional The wish to secure the services the sex and the supply of the intimate part not to lose her to someone else Sim, it's exactly the same with sex one type of sex One type of sexual activity one type of sexuality and psychosexuality has to do with grandiosity and uniqueness and The other type of sex sexual activity and so on has to do with utilitarian transactional and instrumental reasons, so the narcissists as you remember Switches between somatic and cerebral. He has one dominant type. So he's dominant cerebral or dominant somatic majority of his life he spends in this dominant phase type, but Narcissists are type in constant this switch between types from cerebral to somatic to cerebral to somatic and so on so forth It's much more rare for a somatic to switch to a cerebral because you need brains and somatics are Endowed in other parts of their anatomy not up there not upstairs, but cerebrals switch pretty easily when the need arises as a somatic player as a somatic player in short-term conquests the narcissists would display a heightened interest in sex and increased arousal So as a somatic Sex would be top of the list the main concern the main pursuit The number one principle vocation and avocation of the somatic narcissist the somatic phase the narcissist is all into sex But then it's about conquering both short-term conquests Not about long-term relationship Even then the narcissists would avoid casual sex with promiscuous non-discriminating women and He would avoid it because it rendered him. It renders him not unique a woman who sleeps indiscriminately with anyone and everyone is Can't make the narcissist feel special.  So she no need to besiege her. She hands you the keys to the kingdom On a first attempt. So casual sex with promiscuous non-discriminating women is not for the narcissist somatic or cerebral Narcissist prefer to conquer in the somatic phase they conquer Women and once they had conquered them.  They're all short-term Then the focus of the somatic narcissist is on the attainment on the chase and the hunt Not necessarily on the specific woman or the specific partner It's the process that arouses him not in the outcome, but not the partner involved So this is the in the somatic phase.  I repeat again when he conquers women who are not promiscuous. He feels that he's unique He feels that he's irresistible That he's special that he has almost super human powers to convert chaste decent women into whores in bed from Madonna to whore this transition gratifies and arouses him no end But then he loses interest because the conquest conquest accomplished That was the idea not the notch in the belt or in the bed post So again, we see Where a grandiosity in a sense of uniqueness Give rise to a specific behavior to romantic jealousy to possessiveness and and to hyper sexuality grandiosity and uniqueness a very important drivers of the narcissistic engine and so When the narcissist loved Bomsul He wants her to be exclusive to him because it makes him feel unique to allows him to idealize himself and when she isn't It destroys or challenges his grandiosity and causes narcissistic injury. So he's romantically jealous and possessive Similarly when the narcissist has sex With multiple partners as a somatic It's about the conquest. It's about feeling unique feeling special feeling irresistible. It's about grandiosity And there is a compliment also to the utilitarian transactional and instrumental side As a cerebral narcissist in the love-bombing phase which precedes the shared fantasy The cerebral in the love-bombing phase is also hypersexual. He is still cerebral, but he's hypersexual and This is false advertising. It's a lure.  But he's not interested in the intimate partner. He's interested in what he can extract from her what he can get from her These are the keys. That's all you need to know actually to understand the narcissist bizarre pendulations between extreme paranoid suffocating and stifling romantic jealousy and a total lack of interest total indifference to where you are who you're with and what you're doing and and Similarly to understand how the narcissist is in a certain period of time hypersexual Sex crazed and then switches to total asexuality Totally becomes totally frigid. These are the keys grandiosity in a sense of uniqueness and instrumentalizing instrumentalizing Romantic jealousy and possessiveness and in instrumentalizing Sex So as to obtain goals. It's good. There's goal orientation utilitarian and transactional Okay, I hope I shed some light into this dark corner of humanity. No wonder these people are called dark personalities Although just to remind you dark personalities are not psychopaths and narcissists. They are subclinical psychopaths and subclinical narcissists Kind of almost almost there wannabes. They still have a long way to go to reach my level Thank you very much for listening. Those of you are still around and see you next time and A shout to Richard. We're going probably to shoot the separation individuation interview or segment or dialogue or whatever it's going to be on the 14th of February 14th this month in Prague And Then we're both gonna participate in a documentary. I shot already two days for this documentary Richard's gonna join me in Prague on the 15th and the 16th. There's a public event on the 15th You're free to join. It's free of charge. You can just come there You can ask questions and receive my snide and contemptuous answers and Richard's empathic and helpful ones So all of you are invited. It's on the 15th of February in the evening I go to my Instagram and you will see the invitation and you will have you have to write You have to write to an email address which is in the invitation and then you will be listed You will be included and you will be granted access one caveat one bit of warning The whole thing is going to be short and filmed has been included in the documentary So if you don't want to be seen in this event and if you don't want to be to be heard Then you may wish to not to not attend, but if you do attend Your game you will be included in the documentary.