A warm welcome to everyone from Kuwait, and we are ready to start our workshop on OBS Studio. Before I start, let me give a brief introduction about myself to those who don't know me. So I'm a trainer, a Toastmaster photographer, and recently I've been creating YouTube videos, and my channel is Tech for Toastmasters where I post most of my content. In fact, this event currently is being live streamed on my channel. So some people might be joining us from YouTube, and I will monitor the YouTube comments in case they want to interact with us today. So the general conduct for this session is as much as possible, we will keep our microphones muted. You will use the speaker view so that you can see the way I'm presenting because everything about OBS is using speaker view. If you don't use screen sharing, that's the whole idea behind OBS and what we are going to discuss today. Post as many queries as you can in the chat, I will try to address them. I know the audience has different levels, some might be already using OBS, some might be curious to know what is OBS, but I'll try to help everyone today in this next 90 minutes. That's important, so please keep an eye on your surroundings in case of any emergency. So I'm going to cover today, virtual camera, what is what, what is the whole thing about OBS, what is virtual camera, how we create scenes in OBS, how we can move from one scene to another scene, as you can see me doing right now. I will talk about green screen and how we can use green screen to create a more impactful presentation and maybe if I get time I will cover timers and animations. So let's get started. Before I start, let me run a short poll to see who's in the audience. I would like to know if you all have any experience using OBS and if so, how many have experience. So most of you all don't have experience using OBS, some of you do, but few, just the three of you all. So these are your results. Eight of you all have not used OBS before, so you're in the right place. Three of you all have used OBS before, and hopefully you will learn something new or maybe share your knowledge during the Q&A session with the rest of the audience. And I'm sure we will be getting a lot of audience as we go along. Another important distinction that we need to understand, whether we should use OBS or no, is this question I want you all to answer. What is, when you go in an online meeting, what is one of the important or the key role that you would like to play?  Do you give keynote speeches? Or do you conduct events like a moderator, a host, or an MC? Or do you just like to attend online events as an audience member or something else? If so, you could put it in the chat. What is it that you use, I mean, how do you engage in an event? I can see that there are a lot of trainers and that's very interesting because if you are a trainer and you are not using something like what I am doing right now, if you are not using tools that engage with your, let me stop the polling. We have eight trainers or teachers and when I say trainers, it could be as simple as giving training on, if you are a postmaster, a club officer's training or training for a specific type of how to conduct meetings. All this is, of course, you can consider yourself as a trainer. Presenter, if you're keynote speech, you visit different events and you give keynote speeches. How can you enhance your presentation?  Before I do that, I want to introduce the person who will be assisting me. She is in the other room. In fact, she's my wife Priscilla Dias and she is the co-host and she will be my quality assurance. Priscilla, can you say a few words? Good evening everyone. Okay, good day everyone because I don't know from where all you are right now tuning into this session. Yes, I am co-host at this event and I am going to support the quality part of this training. I wish you all the best, enjoy, relax and take the most of it. Thank you. So you may ask me, why did I ask you this question? What is your role and what do you do? Have you used OBS? Because if you're a trainer, like I do a lot of trainings, I find that not doing screen sharing allows me to first of all communicate with you. I can see the audience, I can see the chat, I can see the participants as they enter, I can see everything. And you can also get engaged with me because I am basically with you even when I want to show you some images, some text, some important information. I can show that to you while you can see me at the same time. While I'm engaged with you, while I'm looking at you. So this is where we can use OBS when you want to enhance your engagement with your audience, with your students, with your participants, whatever you want to do. And we do that by using what we call a virtual camera. But before I go to do that, I want to show you how people normally do training. I've asked Priscilla to share with me one of the presentation that she had done recently as a normal screen sharing, not anything special, just a normal screen sharing. Priscilla, can you do a screen share of any presentation? Sure. And what I would like to observe now is that, so this is a presentation that she had done very recently. And Priscilla, can you just go through your slides and say a few words? Yeah, sure. Well, this was a presentation I made for one of my level five in Toastmasters where I had to develop a vision. And this was for basically how do I, I want to be a DTM and how do I do that. So just going through the presentation. So basically, this is the pathways chart to DTM and then I created my path to DTM and to show what I had completed and what was pending on my path to complete so that I could work on it to achieve the DTM title. Thank you so much for that brief idea about and if you notice when she does this presentation, all we see is a PowerPoint and her picture is somewhere in a corner, which becomes difficult for the audience to engage because if you keep doing like this if you're training primarily involves showing a PowerPoint, at the end, you might become a very good PowerPoint creator. You're very good at PowerPoint, but you're not very good at communication because people are not engaging with you. You can't see what's happening around you.  But one thing she does like to do is the new feature of Zoom that is available where it allows you to show a PowerPoint as a virtual background. And I think Priscilla, this is as far as she goes. She doesn't like to jump beyond that. She doesn't like to take that next step, which we are talking about going to OBS, but let's see how PowerPoint as a virtual background would look and if there are any problems doing that. So this is the same presentation, but you can see me here. Okay, I'll leave it to DTM Gadgeton to explain, but this is what you can do. You can make sure that you are there with the audience. Make it a little bigger, your picture. So this is a new feature that some of you all might want to explore because it's very simple. It's there already in Zoom. You don't have to do anything fancy. But it is, first of all, it uses the concept of virtual background, which means the picture sometimes can, depending upon your camera and your lightning, it can look quite fuzzy and sometimes might not work properly. But it is a possibility. It's one of the options that you can use and using this is sort of good enough as a presentation. So a traditional screen sharing where you become a small icon on the side and then PowerPoint as a virtual background, which is an option available to you. And then you have me who is always using anything but OBS.  So let's see how is it that we can do all these kinds of things using OBS and what is OBS. So before I do that, I just want to explain to you the concept behind OBS for those of you who are new. Any online meeting involves two things, your microphone that you see that you talk into, and that's picking up your audio so that the audience can listen to it. And then you have a web camera, or maybe a professional camera. So your audio and video is what zoom captures. And then transmits it to the audience as I'm doing now you can see there's a camera, there's a microphone and you can see me and you can hear me.  What does OBS do. In this picture if you can see, we have the microphone, which is going to zoom. So we can hear you, but the camera, instead of going into zoom is sort of captured by OBS. So OBS is a software which can grab the camera. On top of the camera, it can add other elements. Pictures, videos, text can mix them all up and create what we call as a virtual camera. So if you think about it, it's a camera going into OBS, then creating a virtual camera. So as far as zoom is concerned, zoom will see it as a camera. And then it will show whatever you have created here to the audience. So now, for example, you are seeing my image, you are seeing a picture depicting what is a virtual camera. And that's what you are seeing it because of the OBS using or mixing all of these things together and showing it to you as a virtual camera. Okay, so this is what OBS, the Open Broadcast Software basically does. Now you can download the software from OBSproject.com. I will post the link in the chat. Install it like any other software. And when you do that, this is what's going to happen. So now I'm actually doing screen sharing because I want to show you how OBS works. And that's the only way I can do that is by actually showing you what is OBS. So when you open OBS, you will get two things. Let me move it to the side here. You have something called scenes. And let me try to zoom and show you what I mean by this. So we can create different scenes. So I have created a scene called a countdown scene, a camera scene, a PowerPoint scene, and so forth. So any number of scenes can be created in OBS. And then for each scene, we have the composition of the scene. What is the scene made up of? Is it made up of your camera? Is it made up of pictures, text, and so forth? So let me explain by creating a very simple scene. When you open OBS, you will get, of course, all the scenes will not be there because it will be all empty. So at the bottom, we have a plus sign to create a scene. So when I click plus, and let's say I want to create a scene. Let's call it a test scene and click OK. So you have a blank screen. At this point, you are not seeing anything. You're just seeing a blank screen because this scene doesn't have anything. OBS doesn't know what you want in the scene. And if this is what is broadcast on Zoom now, all you will get is a blank screen, black. That's it. Nothing else. So what I will do is I will, since it is a scene that I have created, I will start putting elements inside the scene. I will start mixing it up. So the first thing I could do is I could add my camera. So when you click on the plus sign, as you can see, you can add a lot of different elements to make a scene. You can have audio, you can have colors, you can have images, text, and you can mix them up. So a camera is what we call a video capture device. So let me select video capture device. Now, if the video capture device you are doing it for the first time, you can give a name to it. Or if you have already added it in the previous scene, you will find it here. So I have a camera here called Sony A6100. So I can just click on add existing and click A6 this one and say OK. So my camera automatically appears in the scene and I can make it big or small. So that's the first part. You have your camera. You have captured it. And the good thing about OBS is you can really play around with every element. So if I look at my camera now, in Zoom, I couldn't do anything other than what? I can't do much in whatever the Zoom sees as your camera. This is what the audience will see. But let's say I don't want the audience to see all this clutter on the side. So what I can do is I can hold the Alt key when you have the Alt. And if I hold it and if I drag this to the left, it is cutting the area that I don't want to be seen. Take this. So as you can see, I have removed the portion from the camera source that I don't want the audience to see. And once I do that, I can move it wherever I want and I can make it big also. I can make it bigger, smaller and so forth. So if you just want to make it big or small, you can just keep your mouse in any one of these corners and move it like this. But if you want to crop, make the image cropped so that you only see part of it, then you hold the Alt key and then you can drag and pick up part of the image that you want. So that's your picture, right? Similarly, in the same scene, you can click plus and you can start adding more information, more things inside it. Let me, for example, add a picture, an image. So when I click on the image, it will ask me, okay, give a name to your image. Let me call it illustration one. I want to show some illustration next to my camera. Click OK. Click on the browse button and go to your computer, choose any image that you want. Like, let me show the same image that I was showing before, the illustration that I made explaining what is a virtual camera. Click open. So it will bring that image and click OK. So I have my camera. I have my image. Again, same way I can, what I did for the camera, I can hold the corner of this image and make it big. I can move it around. If I want to crop something, same story. Hold the Alt key and move it down like this or up like this. Or right, left, you can take certain portions of the image and show only that portion. So this is the scene that I have created. If I stop sharing now, now in my Zoom, what are you seeing? You are seeing exactly the same scene that I just created, right? You are seeing my picture and you are seeing the illustration that I created. Let's add a few more things to that same scene. So you're not limited to one element or two elements. You can add any number of elements. You can keep building up on your scene. Let me give you an example of, let's say text. We have a source called text, text GDI plus. And if I do that, if I click on text plus, it will tell me give a text. I will say title and you can type any text that you want. Let's say I put my name and I put trainer and click OK. So it came here. It's quite big. Obviously, I don't want the text to be so big on my screen. But as you know, you can very easily hold the corner key and move it around. Maybe place it here. If I click on the title, the text and click on the properties that are here, I could perhaps make it instead of left align, I could make it center align. So it looks neat like this. So now I have a scene made up of three things. My camera, a picture and a text. You can add videos. You can add information from the web. You can add windows. You can add a lot of things and then finalize and make the scene. So this is one scene that we have just created. And this way all the other scenes that I had created previously for this event. So what I want to highlight here is it's so simple. For me to create a scene is just a few minutes job, right? And the focus today I wanted to have on this workshop is how can I convince you to make that first step? That's why I said take the first step. Because I believe it is. And actually I would like to hear from you all. Why you don't sort of use OBS, even though you know about it, what prevents you from using OBS for your training, for your presentations? Let's hear some, some suggestions, some comments from you. Do you find it difficult? If so, how can we make it so that it becomes easy and part of your day to day online life? Okay, so size reader got the alt key. Thank you. Great. So you should be now able to crop everything anytime you want. Leon asked, can we use OBS on mobile? No, it is only available on Windows, Mac and Linux. Not on mobile. Okay, there are a few, two other questions. Can we take it up now? Yes, please. Okay. Question from Kadisha. Does OBS also work with Google Meets? Yes, it works with Google Meets. It works with Microsoft Teams. There is one thing you need to know about Google Meet, those who are using Google Meet and those who are using Microsoft Teams. In fact, I was going to make a video about it because what happens is when you create a scene and you look at that scene in Google Meet, it will be flipped. It will show it as a mirror image and you will get confused. Oh, this is all flipped. My audience will see the flipped image and you may then get scared and not use it. Don't worry. When the image is flipped, it is only flipped because that's how Microsoft Teams and Google Meet are designed. In Zoom also, you have a feature by the way, mirror my image. If you go into your video settings, we have something called mirror my image and it will flip this, but it will flip it only for you. The audience will see exactly the same scene that you have designed. So you don't have to worry. You can use it in Google Meet. I use it all the time. I use it in Microsoft Teams and of course in Zoom. Any online tool because the whole thing that we have created now is like a, it is basically a camera as far as the system or the computer is concerned. There is a camera available, but when you look at the camera, it's just a virtual camera made up of whatever you want to, whatever is composed, the scene that you have created. So once you, yeah, once you create the scene, then we have this button here saying start virtual camera. So once you start virtual camera, it will appear on your Zoom. Okay. What was the next question? The next question is, can a video passing through OBS have sound? Yeah, this is a little advanced topic actually, because you can't do it through OBS, but there are some add-ons that I use personally. But this is, you have to explore something called NDI tools. So notice, by the way, I don't know whether I can show you. On my screen, if you see start virtual camera, it is not started, by the way, I have not started the camera, but in your case, you would have to click on that button, start virtual camera so that this information, the scene that you have created goes into Zoom. But I'm using a slightly different way of transmitting this virtual camera to Zoom by using a tool called NDI. But it's not within the scope of it, but if you advance enough, explore it. And this allows you to transmit sound to Zoom. Next question. Okay. So I want to get to the bottom of the conversation with those who are attending. Do you think OBS is difficult or have you tried it before and you did not take the step to actually use it? And you said, it's too difficult. Let me go back to my Zoom, because my focus is those people who want to use OBS, but a little scared to do it. And I want to make it as easy as possible in this workshop so that you'll take that step and start using OBS.  Can you stop sharing? Is it okay if we unmute and speak because typing too much on the chat would be difficult. Is that fine? Yeah, let's have a conversation. You can call me as Sai. Good evening to you, Priscilla and all the others. Of course, it's in India. It's evening now. It's 8.30 or something, 9 o'clock almost. So my experience is when I saw your YouTube video, I immediately created one with the PowerPoint and it was very easy. Thank you so much for that video. The only eye challenge I found was because I'm into leadership development, I conduct a lot of workshops now virtually. One issue or concern I faced is while I don't depend on PPTs continuously, there are times where there are bullet points in the video. We discuss about something. We reinforce the learning with the bullet points. The transition was not happening. So it is just stuck in that one slide. That was one thing. Second thing is when we conduct the workshop on Zoom screen, even though participants sometimes some of them switch on the camera, some of them they don't, you are in the Zoom screen. Sometimes they send some of their views through chat and all. But when I have to control that, I have to come to OBS screen. Right now I'm using only one device, one laptop. So I was not sure how to do that. Honestly speaking, I would definitely love to explore this because this is very, very powerful and the way in which you have made it simple is so good. But because of that, I didn't, the very next day I had a workshop. The previous day I tried several times. That was one thing. I didn't go ahead and do it. Second thing is I found that when the OBS was on, it was kind of driving on other audio. I was not able to hear anything when I played video to check and all. So that part also I was not sure. Okay. So there are two challenges that you have posed. One is about the bullet points, right? And how to see what, because what happens normally is you have OBS running. You have PowerPoint running and you have Zoom running. So you are talking about three things, right? You have three things running. And it can be sometimes a problem. I used to face it in the early stages when I first started. And so when I'm in PowerPoint, I can't see the Zoom window. So I don't know the reactions that are happening in Zoom. Okay. I solved it in a slightly different way. I bought two monitors. So if I have a laptop, okay, consider having an external monitor and extend the screen and keep the PowerPoint on one and the Zoom on the other. So you just go to the next PowerPoint window. And that's what I am doing, by the way, whenever I have PowerPoint, I'm keeping the PowerPoint on the second window. And I just click, but I can see the Zoom at the same time. So I can see my Zoom, whatever OBS has created as a virtual camera with the PowerPoint. But if you have one, I can understand that you'll have to juggle between one and the other. I can understand that, yeah. And the second part is audio. Audio have a very simple solution. You know, in Zoom, if I was to show you, let me share the screen. So what I do is I keep the virtual camera, only the video portion in OBS. But when I want to share any sound, I will simply go to the advanced and computer sound.  So that's the cleanest way of getting audio into your Zoom. So use OBS only creating the video part of it, like video with bullet points and so forth. Lori, hence you would need to buy a different camera. No, I initially was using OBS with my web camera. Now I have a digital camera, but that's not required. Any source, any USB camera, even a web camera, even your laptop camera can be used in OBS to create the scene. Dinesh has a question. Dinesh, go ahead. Thank you, Mr. Kajetan. It is not the question. Mr. Kajetan asked the question, do we feel this that difficult to use the OBS camera? I said it can Kajetan, if I am driving the Y scale and you asked immediate, did the difficult to fly the airplane? So of course it will be difficult, but if we have the good trainer, I don't think it is anything difficult as per myself. I attend before also and I was not able to do anything but today I was following very keenly to you and parallelly I was open my OBS and how you were guiding, I was doing something. So you can see in my window right now what I could do. So it is nothing difficult. You really follow and... So are you telling me, Dinesh, are you telling me you created this scene right now as I was doing the training? Yes, sir. Yes. Okay. So that's amazing. Right. So... Rohan has a question. Yeah, please. Yes, sir. I have a question, which is two questions I have actually. The first question is can we do animations in this view? You have to give me an example of what you mean by animation. I can create, for example, this one is a video. This is a scene, right? It has a video on one side. It has some text boxes and a timer. And I can now, right now in front of you, I can add my camera there if I want to so that we can have a discussion. So that's my camera. Right? So that's it. Like I have a scene with a video, some text boxes, a timer, and a video camera. Yeah, sir. My question is like in the beginning of one of your trainings, I had just seen little part where I didn't attend that. And when I saw that, after like the same time on, then like a circle moves, when it moves, then your camera up. So I don't, I mean... Oh, okay. That was, I think, a PowerPoint presentation. I had created a timer in PowerPoint and I was showing maybe the PowerPoint. Yeah, the second question is similar to the question our socialist. The question was same, like how do we, like the question is same, that how can I connect my laptop to my PC so that I can do that? And one, if I change the PowerPoint, the other one... Yeah. So you cannot connect your laptop to your PC. You cannot connect to computers because they are both supposed to only output. The only thing you can do is if your computer has a monitor, right? Just take the monitor from your computer and using the laptop cable, okay? Connect the monitor to your laptop. So you'll have your laptop screen and you'll have your monitor screen. And then in your display settings, you can simply go and say extend the display so that it will use the laptop display as well as the monitor display. And then you can play around with that laptop. Yeah, try that, extending the display. And that's what I'm doing. I have a computer. I have two monitors. And so I'm keeping some things on one monitor, some things on the other monitor, and that way I can sort of manage all these things much more easily. So let's get back to creating some very simple scenes step by step. And so that those of you, like Ritesh is asking me how do you transition between scenes? I will show you how to create the transitions between one scene to the other scene. So let me start sharing the window. So you must be seeing now I have one, two, three, four, some seven or eight or nine scenes are there, right? And I can just share. I didn't share. Oh, sorry. I didn't click on the share button. Okay. Sorry. So I have all the scenes with me. And you can notice as I'm flipping through the scenes, it is coming in, in Zoom, right? Oh, this is my other camera. I have the plates on. Yeah, this gives me a slightly different view of the different camera. And then this is my whiteboard. So if you notice on this one, what I have is it's a scene. It looks like a normal camera to you, but if I start an application called Microsoft whiteboard and I start scribbling on it, it starts appearing as though in front of my face. Right. So this is a scene.  It's made up of my camera.  It's made up of a window that I have captured on called the Microsoft whiteboard application. You can download it for free. Microsoft whiteboard. And so what happens is whatever I write on that screen appears on top of it because I have used something called a chroma key, which is a green screen. I will explain that also. So this is how we can create a whiteboard. And I've seen a lot of teachers, by the way, using this very effectively to teach maths. So you have an equation on, let's say, and then to solve the equation, basically you can think of writing the equations, talking to the students and this is how they teach. This is the innovative way of teaching and all done through OBS. And why do I, by the way, promote OBS so much? It's 100% free. Nothing to be paid. No commitment for anything. And you can do all of these things absolutely, absolutely free. Okay, so this was a scene with the camera and just an image. And this was a scene that I had created. So now that you have understood the scene, so basically what happens is when you have one scene and you want to move to the other scene, on the third tab, we have something called scene transitions. So we can set up how we will transition from one scene to the other scene. And we have different ways of doing it. We can do something called fade. And if I do that, see what happens when I transition from one scene to the other. And you can see it's a way, right? I can increase the duration. I can make it, let's say one second, which is 1000 milliseconds. So it will fade very slowly. As I switch to the other camera. Like this. Let me go to the other camera. You get a fade effect. So you can play with the type of transition in this third tab of OBS and swipe. Let's see what this looks like. It comes like this. So the speed can be controlled by the duration. 1000 millisecond means one second. And you have different types you can play with. These are standard ones. There are other fancy ones you can download, but this come along with your software. And this is what you can play with as a transition.  So these are the various scenes we have, and we can move from one scene to the other scene. So you can create as many scenes as you want. And in fact, I will show you another trick where you can create a set of scenes for a particular task. So let's say you are doing training. So you have certain set of scenes for that training. Now you want to give another training and you want to create 10 scenes for that. And you don't mix them all up because then you will not know what is this scenes for. So let's say these are the scenes that I need for my OBS training. But tomorrow I'm going to do, let's say, canva training. And those scenes, I don't want to mix them up here because I don't want to mix up the PowerPoint. I don't want to use the virtual, the whiteboard because for canva, let's say I don't have a whiteboard requirement. So what I can do, I can create the collections, what we call the scene collections here. And I can create, let's say, a new collection. So now I'm going to start with a completely blank collection. And let's call it canva training. Click OK. Testing one, two, three. In fact, I created a scene and my audio also disappeared, by the way. So I have just switched back to a normal audio so they can hear me. The camera is completely blank. But you can see that this is what will happen when you first install OBS. And this is what you will get, a blank screen, a scene, a source and transition. And as I said, if you are not too much into investing extra effort where you say, oh, Zoom is good enough. Screen sharing is good enough. I'll just make a PowerPoint and do my training. That's fine. But as I said, if you want to step up a game, come here and start experimenting with the scenes. So let me start by creating my first scene so that you all can see me at the camera first. So there is one scene. It's called scene. I'll click plus. I'll click video capture device. Now there is no cameras. Nothing is there. So I will call it. Let's say I want to capture my camera. And I know it's a Sony A6100. That's the camera I'm using. I'll give a name so I can easily identify it in the future and click OK. Now what happens? Because it's the first time I'm defining a camera, Zoom is asking me which camera you want to capture here. And as you can see, in my system, I have multiple camera sources. I have webcams. I have USB cameras. So let me see which one I want. This is actually a different camera. I will switch to the fourth one. That's my camera. So this is my Sony A6100. And I can play with some of the settings. Like when I say camera, what's the quality you want from the camera? So you can click here and you can say, instead of saying the default setting, you can go and select custom. And when you say custom, those of you who know HD, Full HD, 4K, I'm sure some of you are aware of this. So depending upon the quality of a camera, it will find out what is this camera capable of. And you can see it gives me a list. It shows me that from this camera, I can get 1, 9, 2, 0 by 1, 0, 8, 0. That's the full HD resolution. It says, do you want that? Maybe you don't want it such high resolution. It's up to you. You can choose from the various resolutions that are available, depending upon your needs. So let's say I want to go for 720p, which is called the HD resolution. And it looks good enough for me. And then you can also change the frame rate. Those of you who are understanding about NTSC and PAL, there are different frame rates, 30 frames per second, 25 frames a second. And each of them have different values and how it looks to the audience. You can play with it, but like 60 frames is considered a very high frame rate. But it requires more bandwidth to be transmitted. So you can play with those settings to give your camera setup. As I explained to you, we can resize it by holding this corner key, right? And if I want to crop it, hold the Alt key and then use the arrows to crop it like this. So that's your camera. Then what shall we add? Let's say we add a video. So videos are called media sources with this sign here.  Click the browse to locate the video from your computer. OK, my OBS has crashed, I think. You need to stop share. No, it's OK. OK, so this was a scene that we were at. And I was loading a video. Click browse and locate the video on your computer wherever it is stored. I have some video here. Now this is a video, but you notice that this scene has two things, the video as well as the camera. But what happened to the camera? It's no longer visible. That's because you have to think of the... OK, let me do this. So that is because the video is on top of the camera. You can see only one thing at a time. But if I want my camera on top, then what I have to do is I have to select this camera, which is available here, Sony A6000, and then use this arrow key to move it up like this. And then I can resize it and place it like this. So we can have multiple sources, but rearrange them, move them up and down so that they are in the right order. The other thing we can do is we can also... One thing I wanted to explain to you is that when you have a video source, there is an important feature here called loop. If it is not looped, what happens is after this video is over, it will stop. But if you click loop, it will continue playing that video throughout the scene. It will not stop. It will just loop once it is finished. It will again start from the beginning. So that's how we can have a scene. Then create the next scene, the next scene, and then I have explained to you how to do the transitions. Sorry, Dityam Kajetan. I would like to interrupt you here. I will be editing the video how we can activate the sound of the video, audio. As I said in OBS, don't rely on the sound that is there in the video because that will not go to Zoom. Just use the video for its video purpose only, not for its sound. If you want the sound, then you have to get it from the Zoom sharing that I showed you earlier. So it will come from there. The other thing I want to show you is as I was saying, this is a setup I want to do, for example, when I want to do online training, for example, Canva. Canva is a website where you can go and make designs. So in this case, the scene that I would make is, let's say Canva scene. Again, we start with a blank window and let me bring my camera up first. And this time I don't have to add it because it's already added. I just have to click add existing, select the camera and choose OK. And of course resize it as I want, crop it as I want using the Alt key. Sorry, Alt key. And then keep it here. Now what I want to do is, here I want to show the website, canva.com. And if you were to see canva.com, so this is the website I want to show in that scene when I'm creating it. So let me open here.  I want this one canva. It selected and this is the window I want to share. So it will bring the scene for me here. Again, my camera is gone behind and we know that's very simple to solve. I have to just take the camera and move it up. OK. So I have created a scene made up of my website canva.com and the picture. And what I would like to do next is, instead of having my picture as a square picking up so much space, I would like to make myself transparent so you see only my body, but not the background. Now we can do this in OBS like in Zoom how we have, I have a green screen type of thing. So if you have a green screen and I do have one. So we are going to learn now what we call chroma key. What is a chroma key and how we can use it in OBS? So I have my camera. I have my window and I want behind my camera I have the green screen. You can use any type of green screen by the way you could use a green piece of cloth just hang it behind you. Why green? Green is considered as one of the standard colors for this type of technique called chroma key. You might have seen it in Hollywood pictures where they are doing all this action scenes in front of a green screen and the actor is just acting and then they place behind it the actual scene that you see. So to do a chroma key for this if you have a green screen or any other color that is different from your face like if I put a black screen behind me and since I'm also wearing black I will also become transparent.  So the filter that I want to apply is it's called an effect filter. Click on plus and we select chroma key filter. You can give a name it doesn't matter and notice that it has disappeared. The green screen has become is no longer there. It has removed it. It has made it transparent and what's the impact of it? You see anything that is green has become transparent. So if I was wearing a green shirt I would become transparent. Good way to become an invisible man. But now if you see you can see me and as I give and let me stop the sharing now and you can see me giving training on Canva. So if I was basically teaching Canva I would say this is where you go for your design. You can select a design, click on this. Click here, change the color here to this color like this. This is how I would train using OBS with the chroma key function of the camera. Okay, so we have seen how we can create scenes like this. We have seen how we can create scenes like this. Okay, so let's look at some of the questions because I don't want to miss any. So Ritesh Kr, I hope you understood the transitioning part. Is that clear to you? Is it still there? Rohan Vibhin, one more question. Can we live stream in OBS for free by cropping camera or other participants? Absolutely, actually you can and in fact one of the biggest strengths of OBS is it's the tool used by all streamers for their live streaming on Twitch, on YouTube. You can basically if you can see my screen here, let me just move it to the side. So if you instead of using it for Zoom you want to use it for streaming, all you have to do is start streaming. You can stream to Twitch, you can stream to YouTube all for free. I hope that answers your question. Other participants, when you want to let's say have an interview of another person. Yes, you can do that. You can basically, let's say they log in via Zoom. You can capture their picture. Tell them to enable their video. You can also enable the picture of the Zoom. Crop it, as I have shown you using the Alt key and move it around and keep your picture on one side. Let's say the guest part view on the other side and start streaming. Very easy. That's how all the streaming happens. Just the question I asked because I know that but I faced a problem when I click on that sources menu on the device. It just shows the white screen. It does not show the camera. Okay. So to give you an idea how it could be done because now basically I cannot capture from I can try it but because it will result in a kind of a loop. But let me try it because if I was using Zoom just to get the audience and then streaming it wouldn't be a problem. But here if I try to capture from Zoom into OBS and send back to Zoom it will create some kind of a cycle loop. That's why I can't use Zoom right now but let's say I asked the person to call me on Skype. I can capture the Skype window here and then send it to Zoom or send it to the streaming and so forth. We can discuss this but this is how we do it. We just capture the window crop the area that we want and we start streaming. Does OBS take up a lot of memory? I don't think so. If you can see my screen let me show you. I have a fairly powerful PC but it is taking up only 7% of the memory right now. But as long as you have a fairly decent like i5, i7 laptop or PC I feel you should be fine. From Eddie Bunker on YouTube do you know how to route OBS and VLC with NDI plugin to NDI? I use NDI by the way. This is currently a setup that I'm using is a NDI setup. We can connect separately because it's a bit of an advanced topic. Feel free to message me and I have a video also how I have connected the audio and the video and synced everything and then send it to either streaming or to online meetings using NDI. Robin, how did you make that transparent? Let me go back to that Robin. I have this camera here. Let me show you the camera source. The camera is what I want to make transparent. Right click. Filters. Let me remove the filter. So without the filter, you are seeing the green screen that is behind me. It's just a green clock.  Click OK and it becomes transparent. You can play with this effect a bit more here. You can play with the settings. But if your screen is green, you really don't have to do much because it is designed for green screen. If it is something else, then you have to play with the colors that are available. You can have a blue screen and crow monkey the blue or magenta or some other color and then try to get it right. But if you have green screen, that's the quickest way to solve this problem. And you will notice, I don't know if you can see it. You might see some greenish color. I need to fine tune it. Yeah. Something like that. So it becomes transparent. Sorry, just to ask. Because I'm trying it as well. I have a green screen behind me. But it turns black. So I'm looking how you can make it transparent. Because I just did the same thing. But it's black. Okay. The important thing is it is actually I think transparent. But what you do is you place another source on top, you know, add a web window or a website on top. Like if I was to remove this, what is happening to you, right? Yes, it looks black because I don't have anything. It's actually a transparent color. But because I don't have anything behind it doesn't know what to do. But if you put something behind then that area which is around you, which is black will actually appear as transparent. Try it out. Add some window source. Let me try it out. It's not real time. Let me spotlight you, Robin. Add a source such as let's say window source. You may have to stop share if you want him to share. Yeah, okay, okay. No, it should be fine now. We do windows, right? Windows share, right? Choose any window. It doesn't matter. Any window that you want us to see sensitive information like your bank account number or something like that. It would not happen. Okay, let's do this one. So I have this. So I have this and I put it behind. Yeah, sure. Resize it to make it a little bigger. Oops, like this. Okay, cool. Yeah, I can see it behind. There you go. There you go. That's done. Excellent. One more skill to try in your next setting. Great. Well done. Okay, how do you zoom to a specific area? Actually, I'm just using one software called zoom it from Microsoft to do. This is what you're talking about. No, not here, but when I'm sharing, I think when you are sharing, he saw it. So when I'm sharing, I want to focus on certain area. This is what I'm doing. And to do that, I'm using a software called zoom it.exe. It's called this one. I'll post it in the chat. So that's the software I use. Okay. How do you, okay. I always thought of using OBS and now I will try using it. By this session, got idea how it, how to use it. Suffrage. I look forward to using OBS. Okay, when I check on filter option on camera, it doesn't show any options how to add filters. So basically, if you look at the camera that you have, you can right click on it and say filters. Share. Share please. Yeah. So when you click on the camera, let's say whatever camera source you have, when you right click on it, you should have this option called filters. And you should have this box saying audio, video filters and effects filters, because this is part of OBS. Nothing special to do that. And then you click on the bottom here. Plus you should get most of these filters. If you are using OBS 26. Yeah, I updated it. Let me check again. Yeah. We are not getting the same option as you telling. Can you share your desktop and show us. I will enable sharing for you. Click on share screen and share your screen for us. Yes. So click on the. Where is your camera? This is my camera. Okay. Can you hide it? I just want to make sure it's the same one. That I symbol is there. Just click on that I symbol. Next to OBS. There is a lock and like us. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. That's your camera. Okay. Filters. Okay. Plus. Yeah. Plus or up plus. No, no. Down down effects filter. Crow monkey. The second one. Click. Okay. Let's try. Okay.  Just move it around a little bit. The color. It's not exactly the green. Right. So the similarity slider. The second one. Just move it around. Not the smoothness. The previous one. Yeah. No. Little to the right. Yeah. Some more. Yeah. It's almost there. You're almost there. Some coloring light is on your forehead, but play with the smoothness a little bit. No, it should be to the right. To the right. Should show. Yeah. This is the color. Not too much. That's too much. Yeah. Just keep it like this. Click close. But I can see that some green spot on my face. Yeah. Yeah. That you can. Correct it because it's because of the light actually.  But if you close now, you'll get quite a reasonable effect. Yeah. Okay. Anyway, close it. Let's see how it looks in real life. Yeah. So that that front, there's some. Some adjustment you have to. Yeah. Some adjustment you have to do with the similarity and this thing, but you have got it. Okay. Excellent. So we have one more person getting this thing. Now, since. Dinesh has managed to do it online, that means I'm sure. Poonam. Belem should be able to do it. If not, I couldn't find out exactly how to get that. If you want to share your screen, we can do the same thing. Yeah, sure. I got it. Yeah. Yeah. So select your camera, which is, I guess, camera one. Yes. No camera one. Okay. Okay. Right. Right. Okay. I've been trying. Yes. It's only available for cameras. Yeah. Right. Because my first scene was the first element was that. So that's why the camera first. Yeah. I just, I have one question. When we are working on, are you able to see my screen? Yeah. You can stop the sharing so that we can see your screen properly. Okay. Yeah. Just try it. Okay. Just just one second. Now one thing about. Highlight. I want to talk about using virtual camera, especially when there is tax should be the tax should be as big as possible because if it is small, it might not be readable to the audience. You know. So try to keep bullet points only. Yeah. You wanted to ask something. Yeah. How to. Okay. I'm not trying the green background now, but are you able to. See my obvious screen. Yeah. I can see the obvious camera along with the, let me, let me spotlight you so that everyone. So what we can see is your camera on one side, then the happiness chemicals, how to use virtual camera. Yeah. This is one soft. This is one website we usually use while training. So I'll be working on this actually. So. Okay. So if this is the case, you should make that website full screen so that it can be readable because if you make it small. It's not readable. So if we make it bigger, then we will not be able to use virtual camera. Yeah. Then you keep the camera on top of it. Okay. I get it. Yeah. So it's a green screen chroma key. Yeah. Okay. So this is the same way we do PowerPoint presentation also. Right. We use the same. Yeah. In this capture. So in that case. If. If I am. If I'm facing this software. The first software or. The first software or. Then I will not be able to see the OBS screen. So for that purpose, I need a duplicate screen. Right. Yeah. You need that extended screen so that you can manage the view properly. Otherwise. You'll get confused. We'll have to switch. Yeah. Okay. I get it. Thank you so much. I'm only the delay was. When you're there. It's easy to try. As already said. Now I was trying along with you. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. In fact, why I made this very interactive today is. My focus was. If I just do a training thing, do this, this, this, this. And I close the training. You. A small thing. You will not get it. And you'll say, oh, it's not possible. But if you see it, it's just. And I've done it with many other people. I've spent, let's say. Just 10 minutes. And wow. Oh, it's that simple. Of you go. So that's why I made this thing like take your first step. Do it. And if you have any problem, fix it. And then we'll spend some time and get it done. So today I see at least five, six people who have said, yeah, I've got it.  And that is the objective of my session. Thank you so much. All right. So I think most of you all have got the idea about how to create the scene, how to transition from one scene to the other scene and how to basically. Make this crow monkey. And the rest of the elements, you can start experimenting with it. And one of the elements that I would like to ask you to sort of. Experiment is anything that you can have on the spotlight. Oh, sorry. Any, any element that you can have, let's say, especially from the web, you can easily bring it here by, let's say. Let me go to weather.com. Something like a timer. World clock. Maybe just to give you some interactive elements. So let's say I have a website with a world clock and what I will do is I will come here. Let me share the screen so that you'll see what I'm doing. And I will do the same scene. I will add plus. Let's say. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. Browse. website open on your computer for it to be seen and obviously we can apply the same technique of alt to crop it and bring it here and place it wherever you want so you have a world clock that is from that website time and date I think and it's available and it's moving as you can see so you can think of whatever website you have information you want to embed it in your scene you can do it another example let's say I have the let right now the youtube is streaming the same event but I want to see if there are any comments being made by the people over there so what I will do of course this one I'll have to capture the window because not the website so I will select the windows capture and I'll say youtube comments and I will select the youtube so and then bring it here and use the magic of the alt so as the comments come into the youtube channel I can monitor them here so websites windows text videos images combine them however you want create the scenes multiple scenes and project them to your audience without ever doing screen sharing that's the whole thing about obvious now I leave the floor for anybody to ask any questions and can we have that green and then chrome monkey that once again I couldn't proceed further chrome monkey yeah I couldn't this is say no no this is for no problem okay let's try it why don't you share your screen in my case I got the chroma key I was able to find out after you did the screen share but only thing is I have a green screen but looks like there's some issue with the lighting so it's not completely transparent yes yes so that's why if I was to show you my my setup just to show you how if you want the real effect so observe the color on the yeah it's like first of all it is we cannot see okay remove spotlight okay one minute okay so if you look at my screen right it it is green but also look at the lighting and look at the the the screen itself there are no wrinkles on it right it is if there were wrinkles that would cause some problem so I have this roll rollable kind of sheet that goes up and stays and then I have some light in front of me that will evenly light it all right that way you will get the best results so light and the green should be sort of not wrinkled basically so I have been able to practice many of the things that you shared I've just captured only the zoom chat window here on my screen if you can just see amazing amazing and you can see this because of the quality of the green screen it is like you know that otherwise it will be like that easy kind of maybe I'll connect with you and check on what green screen you're using you know give me that specification like an autograph get it yeah actually most of the time my wife uses it I prefer my studio environment because I just showed it to you I only use it when I'm creating training videos when I want to have like a website and I want to explain how I do that so then I use the green screen this is actually quite okay you just have to play around with it a little bit I guess okay no I in fact I went for a stand which costed me and then this I went through Amazon and I bought it but I don't know maybe I have to buy a light which is more powerful I have got a light on friend of me it's a powerful light on you but still I should have the screen is the parrot color not the full green my screen is the dark green that's why it's not coming yeah so it doesn't matter as long as the color is close to it and then with that similarity slider you can play around with it till it matches your color to make it completely transparent how can remove the chroma key how to remove it deactivate any right now I don't want to look the my yeah so so right click on the filters and just hide the there is an option there to deactivate the chroma key but not delete it just the eye is there click on that eye and it will go off Robin yeah I put it up then now it's looking the green screen okay Robin has a question go ahead Robin sorry Rohan Rohan yes sir one more question I have that is how can we group multiple elements in OBS how to group uh how to group yeah give me an example uh like an um my camera with uh or bag or bag okay an image uh I don't really know uh there is an option somewhere here for uh creating group items if that is yeah okay I have no I don't you usually create such complex scenes but I will show you what I mean if that is what you had in mind so suppose I want to create this uh let's say one two three I select three elements and if I right click there is an option here called group somewhere group selected items is that what you had in mind so it creates the whole thing as one group but then I don't know what you will do with it so then can we move this all together yes that's I guess that's this idea I haven't really tried it but feel free to try it out you know the whole thing is to group the whole thing together for maybe some actions to be done at one shot on all of those elements but my scenes are usually two three elements I don't create too many complex scenes so I haven't really invested too much time on the grouping part of it but feel free to try it out okay yeah okay so we are at the end of our session today uh thank you so much for your time and I'm happy to see so many of you all got this idea uh take the first step and that you all have done it and I'm looking forward to some interesting results from you and I wish you if you're a trainer especially I wish you all the best uh can I take a minute to just to figure out where that uh chrome monkey is there sure sure I'll share my screen yeah please do


Dear students, in this module, we are going to talk about social change in Pakistan. In our previous modules, we talked about how social change occurs at the local level, at the global level, and what are the different sociological perspectives through which we would be able to understand that what can be the possible factors of social changes. However, now in this module, we are precisely going to talk about different aspects of social change in Pakistan, and particularly the factors which are contributing to social change in Pakistan. So, Pakistan's history is characterized by a series of significant social changes, often shaped by political shifts, economic factors, and cultural transformations. The creation of Pakistan itself, followed the partition of British India, was a monumental social change impacting millions of lives, and the political changes particularly, including transition between civilian and military roles, have shaped the country's social fabric. Each shift has brought changes in the policies, societal attitudes, impacting various aspects of society, such as education, healthcare, and governance. So, Pakistan ki agar hain toh right from the beginning, right from 1947, social change occurred. Pakistan ka banna bhajate khud ek bahut badee tabdeeli thi aur iss tabdeeli ke andar jo role play kiya British colonialism ne certain opinions and belief systems which were available there in different communities, and particularly how that Pakistan movement turned into a significant movement in a way that a new country emerged in response to that movement. Iss ke saath saath agar hum dekhain toh Pakistan ki history ke andar different political phases jo hain wo bhi ek significant social change ka bias bane hain. Kabhi military dictatorship hain, kabhi democracy hain aur kabhi jo hain ki ek amalgamation hain. Toh iss tara se different regimes ke andar different kinds of behaviors, different kinds of attitudes, opinions, and policies jo hain wo emerge hoti rahe hain. Aur yeh sab milke jo hain ek significant social change ka bias banti rahe hain. Aap usko negative social change bhi kaisate hain, positive social change bhi kaisate hain. Lekin yeh depend karta hain ki jis door ke andar jo log jis ideology se affiliated thay wo uske mutabik hi us change ko jo hain interpret karte rahe hain. For example, the era of military rule under Ziaul Haq regime led to the significant shift towards religious conservatism. The era of military rule under Pravesh Musharraf led to liberal, secular, and lightened moderation impacting laws, education, societal norms in the country. Toh yeh doh different contrasting periods jo hain wo hum a military dictatorship ke andar bhi nazar aate hain. Lekin yeh depend karta hain ke log isko kis tara se perceive karta hain, yeh bhi unki apni personal prejudice, liking, or disliking ke upa depend karta hain. So economic factors including urbanization, industrialization, and globalization have also driven the social changes in Pakistan. Lifestyles, occupational patterns, and social structures have been significantly changed. For example, the growth of cities like Karachi and Lahore has reshaped the social dynamics leading to a blend of traditional modern values and creating new opportunities and challenges. So as we can observe, Pakistan has been through different phases of economic crisis. So were the people of the country, how they have been assuming and consuming these aspects for in their personal lifestyles. Or in other words, we can say that the changes in one social institution can also lead the changes in another social institution.  Jaise hum dekhte hain ke mehengai hote hain to mehengai ki wajah se sirf aur sirf aap ki economic situation hi effect nahi hote hain. Aap tii education, healthcare, political as well as religious lifestyle jo hi wo bhi effect hote hain. So these changes are rather transformative changes. Similarly, the cultural transformations often influenced by the global trends are another significant driver of social change in Pakistan. These changes can be seen in areas like media, art, fashion and language. For example, the emergence of modern liberal media industry in Pakistan with an increased presence of local entertainment channels represents a huge cultural shift in the country's ideological landscape. Jab hum cultural transformation ki baat karte hain to cultural transformation ke andar jo globalized ideologies hote hain wo baat significant role play karte hain. Aaj hum dekhte hain ke humaari youth jo hain wo ek ideological confusion ka shikar nazar hain. To uske bari wajah kya hosakti hain? Jab bohasi ideologies jo hain wo ek saath ek hi culture ke andar ek hi system ke andar available hongi aur hame andaza nahi ho payega ki hum right or wrong sahi aur ghalat ki pahchaan kis tara se karein to usfak jo hain ek ideological confusion paida hote hain. Kyuke us confusion ke andar bohasi different varied sources jo hain wo aapko right or wrong ki different definitions jo hain provide karte hain. Media aapko ek aur definition derah hoega aapka religious institution ek aur definition derah hoega, educational institution aur definition derah hoega, family institution ek different aspect se usko treat karee rahoega. To ek baraar significant role jo hain is cultural transformation ke andar available availability or the arrival of these global ideologies kabhi hain. We need to be very watchful about these global ideologies and their availability through the use of media. Then we have the environmental issues and climate change which are increasingly shaping the social change in Pakistan. One of the countries most vulnerable to impacts to climate change is Pakistan. So, this is leading to the changes in policies, attitudes and practices related to environmental sustainability. For example, in order to tackle these environmental shifts we had a movement of Billion Tree tsunami project in KP aimed at combating the deforestation which signifies the growing awareness and policies and emphasis on these policies of environmental issues. Lastly, the influence of digital technologies cannot be ignored. The rise of social media and digital platforms is transforming our people's lives, their communication patterns as well as their lifestyles. Jaha pe yeh positive aspect leke hain wahi pe johai, joh digital technologies hain, inke bahon se mazur asrat bhi joh hai mahmari society ke upar murattab ho rahe hain. Khas toh pe jo chote bache hain jo youth hain jo youngsters hain they are getting very negatively being affected by these technologies so that we need to be very watchful and we need to be very careful about the use of this technology and particularly for our youngsters, for our children. Hota yeh hain ke jab chote bache ko aap kisi bhi ish tara ke media ka use karne dete hain to aahista ishta bacha joh hai wo addict ho jata hai aur is aadat se joh hai wo jaan chodana us ke liye bohot mushkil ho jata hai. To ye social change to hain ek globalized effect bhi hain, iski positive aspect bhi hain lekin ye hain hain hain hain hain hain hain hain hain hain hain hain hain hain hain hum isko kisi tara se positive banahasakta hain, kisi tara se useful banahasakta hain. So we need to be very careful about these technological aspects.


G'day, my name's Andrew Fox Lane. Before joining the CFA, I was in the Army as a rifleman and I also completed a Bachelor of Communications at Monash. In terms of hobbies, I'm a keen kiteboarder and I also enjoy snowboarding when I get the chance. Before CFA, before the recruits process, I went and visited a few stations and chatted to guys who were in the job and that really cemented my decision to become a firefighter. The most rewarding thing about becoming a recruit firefighter has been the friendships that I've made along the way. Terrific group of guys and girls and really really enjoyed that process. The toughest part of being a firefighter is that you're really reliant on the skills you picked up along the course and you need to put them into action in real-world scenarios. It's going to be very challenging. I became a firefighter because I love working in a group and I love dynamic situations where there's a lot of pressure on you and you have to rise to the challenge.


Hello and welcome to the session, let us solve the following question which says find the vector equation of the line passing through the point with coordinates 1, 2 and 3 and parallel to the planes vector r dot i cap minus j cap plus 2 k cap is equal to 5 and vector r dot 3 i cap plus j cap plus k cap is equal to 6. Let us now start with the solution and equation of a line passing through the point whose coordinates are 1, 2 and 3 is given by i cap plus 2 j cap plus 3 k cap and the given planes vector r dot i cap minus j cap plus 2 k cap is equal to 5 and vector r dot 3 i cap plus j cap plus k cap is equal to 6.  Now we have to find the vector equation of a line which passes through this point and is parallel to the two given planes. So this implies the line is vector b and vector c. So this implies that the line is normal to their cross product which is given by vector b cross vector c. So let us find out cross product to vector b and c which is equal to i cap j cap k cap and in this row we will write the scalar components of vector b in the direction of x, y and z which are 1 minus 1 and 2 and in this row we will write the scalar components of vector c, vector 3 1 and 1 and this is further equal to i cap and minus 1 minus 2 minus j cap 1 minus 6 plus j cap 1 plus 3. This is equal to minus 3 i cap plus 5 j cap plus 4 k cap and thus in other words we can say that the vector equation of the required line which passes through the point with condition coordinates 1, 2 and 3 normal to the vector minus 3 i cap plus 5 j cap plus 4 k cap is given by vector r which is equal to i cap plus 2 j cap plus 3 k cap plus lambda times minus 3 i cap plus 5 j cap plus 4 k cap. So this is the required equation in vector form. So this completes the session by antique care.