Please be seated. Eunga mana, eunga hou e fa, tena koutou, tena koutou, tena koutou katoa. Pro-chancellor, vice-chancellor, university staff, special guests, graduands, whānau and supporters. As Chancellor of the University of Auckland, I extend a warm welcome to you all on behalf of the council members and staff of the university. This is a meeting of the council of the University of Auckland, at which the pro-chancellor and I will confer diplomas and award degrees in the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences and the Faculty of Science. Graduation is a time for celebrating success. Today you will experience the pomp and tradition of this ancient ceremony and the recognition befitting your success on your well-deserved day of celebration. Like your family and friends gathered here, we are very proud of all your achievements and look forward to your lifelong involvement as members of the University of Auckland family. Of course, graduation represents more than just the day of celebration. Your qualification from this university will have a lifetime impact on you, your family and the community at large. We know that, compared to those whose formal education ends in high school, graduates have lower unemployment rates, higher salaries, better career prospects and better health outcomes. Universities New Zealand has estimated that the lifetime benefits of earning a degree are valued between $1 million and $4 million. Your university experience and the qualifications gained at university must add real value to your lives and the lives of those around you. The fact that our university can add value in these ways reflects the abilities and achievements of our staff and students. In the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, we've seen several notable achievements in the last year. Distinguished Professor Ian Reid won the top honour from the Royal Society of New Zealand, the Rutherford Medal, for his research into metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis and Padgett's disease. He was also awarded the Health Research Council of New Zealand, Lylee Medal, and, together with colleagues and associate professors Mark Bowland and Andrew Gray, won the 2015 Prime Minister's Science Prize. Dr Alana Curtis won a National Tertiary Teaching Excellence Award in the Kaupapa Māori category. Professor Keith Petrie won the Mason Dury Medal for his research into patients' perceptions of illness and their impact on recovery and coping. Professor Ed Mitchell was awarded the Health Research Council's Bevan Medal for his research into preventing a sudden infant death syndrome, also known as Cot Death. Professor Edward Gain was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand. In the Liggins Institute, Professor Sir Peter Gluckman received the insignia of the Order of New Zealand for his services to science. Amrita Bansal, a PhD student, received the US Endocrine Society's Award for the Top Publication in Endocrinology by a trainee in 2015. And Dr Clare Reynolds was awarded the Sir Charles Hercus Research Fellowship by the Health Research Council. Similarly, in the Faculty of Science, Dr Alex Taylor won the McDiamond Emerging Scientist Prize at the 2015 Prime Minister's Science Prize Awards for his research into the evolution of intelligence. Associate Professor Stephanie Cohen was awarded the Research Medal by the New Zealand Association of Scientists for his discoveries in miniature optics. Marie McInty won a Sustained Excellence in Teaching Award in the National Tertiary Teaching Excellence Awards. Distinguished Professor Margaret Brimble was named one of the year's Distinguished Women in Chemistry or Chemical Engineering by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. And Professors Alex A. Drummond and Thomas Lumley and Associate Professor Janet Wilmshurst were elected Fellows of the Royal Society of New Zealand. This is an impressive list of achievements to ensure that we can continue to achieve successes like these and to enhance our contribution to future generations of graduates and to our nation. I believe the university must do three things. First, we need to attract students of high academic potential and give them an outstanding academic and extracurricular experience. In this respect, I believe we're doing very well. The proportion of domestic students entering the university with a high grade point average is growing each year.  Second, we need to attract, develop and retain outstanding staff. This we are doing is illustrated by the achievements I've just described. Many of our staff are world leaders in their fields and you will have been privileged to learn from and work with them. It's no confidence, it's no coincidence therefore that in the QS World Rankings of University subjects the University of Auckland came top in New Zealand in 35 of the 40 ranked subjects and we don't even teach two of them. So if we just say that again in a different way, there are 40 ranked subjects, we teach 38 of them and we rank top in 35 of them. To me it sounds like an impressive result. And third, we need to create the kind of academic environment and facilities that support and encourage excellence. To this end, the university has been investing heavily in its campus renewal programme so as to ensure that we do provide facilities of genuine international quality. Many of you will graduate today with a first qualification and you will be rightly proud of this achievement. However, I also want you to reflect on the ongoing learning opportunities and the wide range of postgraduate options available to you at this university. You must never rest on your laurels in a challenging and ever changing world but rather be prepared to embrace change and new technology and make the most of the opportunities presented to you. So what may seem a daunting prospect right now, further study and learning is inevitable for us all as the world changes around us at an ever-accelerating pace. So whatever path you follow, I urge you as the alumni of New Zealand's leading university to never forget your alma mater, your university. We rely on our graduates for support, social, political and financial. But today is your day with the focus firmly on your achievement. At this ceremony, we honour your success along with the support of your family, whanau and the others who have sustained you through these studies. I encourage you, I congratulate you and trust that you will long cherish the memories of your graduation today. I'm pleased to introduce to you our guest speaker, Matt Boschwick, who has a Master's Degree in Political Studies and a Graduate Diploma in Business, both from the University of Auckland. Matt works for Microsoft, where he supports New Zealand tech companies through global marketing partnerships, app development support and joint product innovation. Previously, he managed Microsoft's relationship with universities and polytechnics. Prior to joining Microsoft, Matt worked at Alcatel Lucent, where he held a number of sales and marketing roles in the energy and media sectors, both here and in Australia. He also led Alcatel Lucent's early involvement in the ultra-fast broadband roll-out. He's worked in marketing roles both Cordia and Spark. Matt started his career as an assistant to Mayor Bob Harvey at Waitakari City Council, where he developed an interest in sustainable urban development. Matt has a passion for innovation, ideas and helping New Zealanders excel on the world stage, especially in the areas of science and technology. In his spare time, he likes to mentor early-stage tech start-ups and play football and do science experiments for those children. Please join with me in welcoming Matt. Chancellor, vice-chancellor, members of council, members of the university, graduands, families, whānau and friends. Kia ora koutou. Greetings to you all. First, let me apologise. I know you'd much rather be hearing from someone from Microsoft who's really interesting and inspirational like maybe Bill Gates, and instead you got me. I'll do my best. I'm incredibly honoured to be here today and be part of this great occasion and to celebrate your achievements. I congratulate you all on what you've accomplished. I'd like to start by sharing a story with you. 21 years ago, actually almost to the day, I was in the final year of my arts degree and working a part-time job to cover the rent and pay for my regular visits to Shadows, which I'm sure many of you will understand. The job I had was a kind of general dog's body gig at a local film editing studio in Grafton. And basically I got paid minimum wage to file old videocassettes. You'll need to look that up if you don't know what a videocassette is. Pick up lunch for the film company clients, run a few errands and sweep the floors. Now, to be honest with someone doing a BA, I was perfectly qualified for this job. But on this particular afternoon in May 1995, I remember that a bunch of clients had just left and I was there on my own pushing a broom around. Someone had left the tally on and I was watching probably the most amazing spectacle I'd ever seen on TV. Not the bachelor, no. It was the live broadcast of Peter Blake and the rest of the crew of Black Magic on their Queen Street victory parade. Some of you may remember this. The Team New Zealand crew had just won the America's Cup for New Zealand for the very first time. And watching the scenes on the TV, I felt like the whole of Auckland was there cheering them on. Hundreds of thousands of people were lining Queen Street, hanging off lamp posts, sitting on the top of bus stops. People were leaning out of the windows of every building and the whole place was covered in paper streamers and confetti. Everyone was cheering and screaming and waving flags. Quite similar to your procession this morning, I'm sure. Anyway, I remember Peter Blake being interviewed on the back of a ute as it drove slowly through the sea of people. You could hardly hear him over the noise of the crowd, but you could hear the utter disbelief in his voice as he looked around and said, I've never seen anything like this before. Absolutely right. No one had ever seen anything like it. There were 300,000 people there on Queen Street that day. 300,000 people who were so inspired by what Team New Zealand had achieved that they'd come out to celebrate.  Now watching that parade, I realised that when it comes to acknowledging achievement, New Zealanders really know how to celebrate. As long as that achievement involves the kind of sporting endeavour. Recently, as I've thought again about that day in 1995 and about being here today with you, a thought struck me. Wouldn't it be amazing if, as a country, we celebrated achievements in science as much as we celebrate achievements in sport? And of course, the great irony of what actually enabled New Zealand to win the America's Cup was incredible scientific achievement. Science is in hydrodynamics and boat design that enabled the team to build a faster boat. The data analytics that allowed the team to analyse the performance of every piece of equipment on the boat and find ways to make the boat go faster. And even the sports science that enabled the team to find better ways to train, condition and prepare the crew. So maybe those 300,000 people who crowded onto Queen Street 21 years ago were in fact inspired by the scientific achievements of Team New Zealand. At least I like to think so. But that's why I'm so glad to be here today as part of this celebration because today is an opportunity to celebrate science and to celebrate you. To celebrate your achievements today and to celebrate where you'll go and what you'll achieve in the future. So as you think about your future and embark on the next exciting phase of your life journey, let me share a couple of quick thoughts that I hope will be relevant. The first is that you should be immensely proud to be science and health science grads. As Mark Largent, who's a science historian and a professor at Michigan State University, says, you are it. He says, you possess the wheel of the largest and most powerful institution that ever existed, modern science. And I reckon as science and health science grads, there are some really important things going for you. Nelson Mandela once said, education is the most powerful weapon with which you can change the world. And as scientists, you are in an incredible position to use your knowledge and skills and your education to change the world and contribute to things that really matter. So use your skills to change the world and make sure that whatever you do, do something you're passionate about. For many people, work is something they have to do to make ends meet. Work you do is something you care about, something with meaning that you love doing. You're incredibly lucky because then work won't feel like work. And on an individual level, you're also in a great position to have really rewarding careers over the course of your working lives. As scientists, you're also well placed to take advantage of what the Chancellor just referred to, that changing nature of work and the increasing demand for graduates with skills in science and tech. The Future of Jobs report, which the World Economic Forum published earlier this year, found that globally, businesses are really struggling with recruitment and that's because there just aren't enough graduates with the right set of skills out there and they say that shortage is going to last for at least the next five years. So be confident that your skills and your passion will help you get a great job and have a great career. But once you've got that first job, don't think you're done. Just because you've graduated and got a job doesn't mean you're not learning. Think about this. Today's graduate will have, give or take, a working life of 45 years. So you'll most likely finish up your career in a job that doesn't even exist today. The only constant is change.  The writer William S. Burrows said at best when he said the aim of education is the knowledge, not of facts, but of values. The most important thing you can take away from your time at university is not the content you've learnt, but the art of learning itself. So take me as an example. I did an arts degree. I know, I'm sorry. I studied politics, philosophy and art history. But I've ended up working for a global software company helping New Zealand tech startups grow their businesses. And although I spent days sweating over art history essays, I can tell you now that no one at Microsoft has ever asked me why Picasso used collage as an art form. But all of those late nights studying for exams about Picasso and Renaissance painting weren't a waste of time. The skills I learnt at university have served me well in my career. Skills like adaptability and how to work with others and the ability to communicate effectively. So in case you were wondering the World Economic Forum says the top three skills that employers will be looking for in 2020 are complex problem-solving skills, critical thinking skills and creativity. So let me finish by saying this. Congratulations, you've made it to the start line. And now you know how to learn make sure you never stop learning. And if you want to have a great job in 2020 use your knowledge of science to solve complex problems, think critically and be creative. Thank you and enjoy your day. Thank you, Matt, for that insightful and challenging address. Would you please join with me in thanking Matt once again. This is a meeting of council and convocation of the university at which the pro-chanceller Scott St John and I will be conferring degrees and awarding diplomas. I invite the pro-chanceller to award the diplomas and confer the degrees in the first half of the ceremony. I invite the faculty of Auckland Council, I, Scott St John, pro-chanceller award the diplomas and confer the degrees stated upon those who within the faculty of medical and health sciences and the faculty of science have satisfied the requirements of this university. I call upon the Dean of the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences Professor Fraser to present graduands in that faculty. Pro-chanceller, as Dean, I have the honour of presenting to you the award of the diploma or conferment of the degree in the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences. To the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy with First Class Honours Helen Gwyneth-Brown Senior Scholar of Medical and Health Sciences Robert James Howe To the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy with Second Class Honours First Division Mirad Al-Gailani Laura Francis Baker Francois Barrabal Claire Louise Bell Ming-Chung Choi Patricia Chong Gina Patrice Egga Monica Maheb-Hallam-Garris Gina Guindy Tei Kyung Ham Laura Lee Harris Niha Nalima Lau Gina Laxmedas Catherine Ruth Moritz Wen Fang Xi Lucy Shiid Courtney Skinner Nancy Su Peter Andrew Tisza Geline Kuo Wadwa To the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy with Second Class Honours Second Division Anita Anoja Uba-Gunasekura Nicola Lotus Augustine Yuna Bai Brent Hall Browbridge Nathaniel Thomas Buckley Andy Chan Li Xia Chen Joyce Chao Zi Nan Hu Jay-Yi Deng Emma Lynn Jeffery Dashiya Jay-Gendramath Janiel Marie Girang Won Young Kim Kimisha Kumar Selina Lee Siulji Lim Xiaowei Lin Marisa Annalise Lockhart Samuel Y. Kwon-Lung Ashley Ma Shabnam Ma Corbin James O'Neill Divya Patel Nilam Bharat Patel Sarah Frances Puri Rili Ramakrishna Zaid Abulraman Abulmunan Rashid Pooja Kavita Rathog Yazmin Ayad Razoki Nafisa Riyumi Annie Piapon Sangaruthong Tara Kavita Nafisa Riyumi Nafisa Riyumi Annie Piapon Sangaruthong Tara Obae Ziki Solji Ziki Wang Sovia Wijaya Bo Yan Wang Xiong J. Yoh Beti Beki Zem Simon Zhu To the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy Riham Faruk Abdullah Siou Young Ahm Maroa Al-Hakim Ala Ali Jawad Al-Khalifa Jolin Claudette Alfonso Hamza Al-Rakriqabi Tammur Makram Binam Rashida Puiman Fok Shalini Kathizwaran Hyun Jung Kim Amina Motawaze Jerome Gakuzan Pakwen Rafi Bazil Akram Rasam Barathi Ravichelban Daniel Shin Pom Shikso Jolin Claude Alfonso Hamza Al-Rakrikabi Tammur Makram Binam Pom Shikso Sozan Teher Postgraduate Diploma in Clinical Pharmacy with Merit Sarah Joy Wilkinson Johannes Xinhao Yu Postgraduate Diploma in Clinical Pharmacy Wen Zing Zen and in absentia all those other persons named in the official record who have qualified for the conferment of the degree of the award of Diploma in the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences. I'm the Associate Dean of the Faculty of Science Mrs Goldstone to present graduands in that faculty. Pro-Chancellor as Associate Dean I have the honour of presenting to you students qualified for the award of a Diploma or Confirmant of a Degree in the Faculty of Science. Graduate Diploma in Science Matthew Pierre Lucian Bonafoi Shan Shan Lu David Thomas Rawson Michael Sheffield to the Degree of Bachelor of Science Rachel Irene Arons Helen Elizabeth Abbey Janice Abigail Thomas Richard Abraham Sophie Harriet Adair Rebecca Amy Aide Jack Norman Gray Adlam Eleanor Dela Sreus-Adviento Joseph Geoffrey Awong Muhammad Ahmed Nawaz Irvin Michael Alcanaitis Thomas Simon Olshoff Mahalil Shumai Al-Alfonte Cedra Ali Samair Ali Architep Cameron David Allen Kaitlyn Nevitt Allen Amanda Salmiah Ambatie Divya Kamar Dibu Dibu Dibu Dibu Dibu Dibu Dibu Dibu Dibu Dibu Dibu Dibu Dibu Dibu Dibu Dibu Dibu Dibu Ao. Maika Daniel Rassingostria. Bernadette Lagana Ayo. Ian David Babington. Paul Bike. Isaac Andrew Bain. Ina Bajash. GC James Spaker. Martin Lawrence Spaker. Zara Baker. Annie Aroha Ball. Matilda Jane Ballinger. Hirashini Balu. Joshua Louis Bannister. Lianne Barnfather. Charlotte Siribartley. Angus Alexander Viti. Mayan Joy Bedgood. Emma Jane Bell. Jack Henry Bell. Manjoth Cor Benapal. Pooja Baramapa. Louis Douglas Blake. Daniel Raymond James Bosson. Duani Amit Bhutandra. Kyle Butcher. Shantelle Renee Boyle. Stuart Anthony Bradley. Megan Jessie Dawn Brake. Dionne Trent Bramley. Timothy Ann Roepner. Kate Hillary Brooks. Jessica Emily Mavis Brown. Yasmin Nicole Brown. Rebecca Nicole Bub. Samaha Fudoshbuck. Marina Elmadeen Marianne Burton. Stephanie Louisa Culvert. Justin Lloyd Cameron. Robert Ewan Cameron. Sarah Louise Camille. Alistair David Carmichael. Macarena Paola Carrascoza. Lucy Bridget Carson. Danielle Louise Carter. Robert Douglas Cartwright. Sarah Ann Catley. Senior Scholar Science, Callum Mark Chalmers. Alex Ho Chun Chan. Christina Yuen Ying Chan. Esther Kha Yin Chan. Ha Man Godfrey Chan. Julian Hing Han Chan. Prashika Chandra. Jasmine Tsichi Chen. Joseph Chi Chen Chen. Lan Chen. Ying Chung Chen. Zoe N Chen. Chiung Min Chi. Joey Chiung. Melissa Yong Chiung. Juliana Marietta Chullit. Alicia Ashley Shoker. Lundi Chun. Kimberly Fu Yin Chiang. Hayden Brett Chick. Wai Yi Winichu. Zhihuan Chuo. Kevin Chuo. James Yun Sen Chong. Ruth Eichong. Andrei Chao. Elliot George Christensen Yaw. Yung Xiu Chong. Jenny Chong. Cezana Margaret Clements. Hope Louise Collins-Piggert. Abigail Mary Coquery. Ramona Marie Abadaya-Cortes. Lauren Elizabeth Koop. Hamish Samuel Rutherford Craigie. Isabel Rose Crawford. Brady Marie Cress. Senior Scholar Science, Jennifer Elizabeth Crisp. Rose Lillian Crooks. Anna Catherine Cullum. Hao Shen Dai. Liying Dai. Hannah Mary Derek. Lakshifa Yasasi Dasanaka. Gray Keith Davies. Nathaniel Aaron Davie. Jonathan Joseph Dawson. Natalie Elizabeth DeBerg. Ethige Sirene Stefani De Silva. Charlotte Louise De Villiers. Simon Johanan De Vries. Kai Ching Kiran Ding. Kerry Lee Detmer. Zachary Lawrence Devereaux. Samuel David Dillon. Stacey Claire Bridget Dillon. Ryan John Dixon. Agaton Nathaniel Wati Zhongjiato. Senior Scholar Science, Sean Peter Dobson. Larissa Donk. Olivia Mary Donce. Niko Herman Duderman. Imogen Ruby Dow. Senior Scholar Science, Jackson Tobias Hawthandaui. Batoria Draghi. Joshua Dragovitch. Dasha Diogo D'Souza. Valerie Judith D'Souza. Jay Tianawa Dudley. Sinali Jay Dutt. Stefan Wittebrook Dyer. Lauren Peggy Edie. Cameron Ekblatt. Matthew James Allen. Delon Michael Ellis. Kim Mary Esso. Thomas Jung Huat Dua. Jun Fung. Benjamin Norman Farrelly. Tanya Noel Gomez-Furman. Trisha Nadine Gomez-Furman. Senior Scholar Science, Alakoti Deraj Chandika Finando. Olivia Fetu. Jesse Tana Fialelli. Daniel Evan Fonston. Thomas William Fisher. Kimberly Ellen Fitzmorris. Sophia Morgan Fleming. Gia Yungton Tresifu. Blaise John Forbes. Xavier Vincent Forsman. Nicola Louise Ford. Jamie Lee Foss. Robert Luke Franklin. Samuel Patrick Fru. Tessa Elizabeth Furer. Ann Bernadette Tamangirlan. Amy Ruanko Gamagay. Nicholas Vienna Minovitch Gimpel. Megan Elizabeth Ganley. Huping Gal. Maya Alexandra Garry. Melissa Josephine Gait. Cern Greggisgesi. Emma Jade Gilby. Payne Anthony Gillis. Natalie Jane Gilligan. Hugh Douglas Glossop. Katie Conway Glover. Suhaa Goma. Catherine Mae Ahenagonda. Li Gong. Jana Rameo Reyes-Gonzales. Gaiana Shwaj Sudanganda. Emerson Govansami. Kayla Ann Gray. Hano Conair Greenfield. Ling Yu Guan. Ruchita Gupta. Sophia Tu Henhaa. John Sidney Hagee. Jefferson Russell Heldane. Jonathan David Peter Hale. Carla Jane Hamilton. Xin Yang Han. Ming Ying Han. Xiong Ngai Han. Morgan Emily Hancox. Timothy Dylan Haka. Thank you, Pro-Chancellor, for conferring the degrees and awarding the diplomas in the first half of this ceremony. One of the great pleasures of graduation is the opportunity to hear performance by students from our acclaimed School of Music. Mark Bingham on Trombone, accompanied by Ya Ting Lu, will now perform Second Movement by Ravel Sonatine. Thank you, Mark and Ya Ting, for that wonderful performance. Please join me in thanking them once more. If you would like to hear more from our wonderful musicians, I invite you to attend the graduation gala concerto competition to be held in the Town Hall on Thursday 12th of May at 7.30pm. Admission is free. By the authority vested in me by Resolution of the University of Auckland Council, I, Ian Parton, Chancellor, award the diplomas and confer the degrees stated upon those who within the Faculty of Science have satisfied the requirements of this university. I call upon the Head of School of Psychology, Professor Haywood, to present further graduands in that faculty. To the degree of Bachelor of Science, Jason Jeremy Hart, Matthew Gibson-Housra, Ashley Rose Haveman, Senior Scholar Science Isabel Jane Hawkins, Joshua Tamatini Asher Hawkins, Kahlia Janine Hawkins, Jodi Rebecca Hayes, Julie Toipolotu Heem Mully, Yael Yuli Heled, Christopher Darius Herman, Janine Mary Hill, Aaron Jiwe Ho, Blake Paul Hodgkinson, Rebecca Ellen Hodgson, Lewis Samuel Hogan Estell, Stuart Garth McLaughlin Holdaway, Joanna Margaret Holden, Michaela Sarah Holman, Jack Holmes, Kiran Jonathan Horrocks, Rami Shamshetag Hoshino, Ho Roi, Victoria Kaishwen Huang, Daniel John Hubbard, Christina Mary Humby, Chia Chun Hong, Emma Louise Hutchinson, Luke Daniel Thomas Ibs, Marina Gurgus Taufik Hana Ibrahim, Sophia Kalyan Ng, David Michael Jackson, Jatun Shama Jamalamadaka, Justin Henry Jang, Lauren Anna Jeffers, Lerger Jiang, Swati Jivendi, Alexander James Johnston, Joshua Morgan Jones, Jolin Zhu, Ce Wu Chun, Zana Michelle Jiri, Polan Kanabar, Weihau Kang, Amandip Kaur, Linda Jane Keegan, Andrew Joshua Keane, Guy Kennedy, Charles Colin Kenworthy, Zoya Elizabeth Agnes Key, Shinji Kihara, Chloe Chanmi Kim, Hiyanji Kim, Hiyanju Kim, Seungyeon Kim, Taewan Kim, Young Joon Kim, Connor Albert Pilecki King, Rony Eirateta Fiti Dru Kingi, Annalisa Mikayla Kirk, Melissa Grace Kirk, Brittany Ray Knight, Josiah Samuel Knowles, Saniel Kong, Kwomun Koo, Kajkun Chanarat, Ashish Kumar, Sawan Kumar, Sahil Sivankumar, Chelsea Ruby Lai, Qingyan Lai, Zofong Leslie Lai, Akash Niel Lal, Chanwai Lam, Jianghin James Lam, Mandy Cornelian Maria Ladnoy, Sihoi Doreli Lau, Chelsea Mae Lawrence, Melissa Annie Jo Lawrence, Ellen Mary Lawson, Maria Sarah Sukyun Lai, Jessica Rose Isdale-Lagrice, Chon Yin Li, Ilhuan Li, Jenny Rong Kong Li, Jin Kelly Yanwei Li, Rebecca Guy Yan Li, Jianwen Li, Claire Danielle Layton, Nikita Ashley Layton, Andy Caillou Leung, Demi Li Julie Lavelle. To the degree of Bachelor of Science Conjoint, Muhammad Faizal Amin Ansari and a Bachelor of Health Sciences, Senior Scholar Arts Claire Elizabeth Black and a Bachelor of Arts, Senior Scholar Arts and Senior Scholar Science Oliver Simon Brown and a Bachelor of Arts, Nicola Jane Kelvin and a Bachelor of Arts, David Kha Yung Chan and a Bachelor of Music, Nandini Neelam Chand and a Bachelor of Commerce, Aimee Eileen Clancy and a Bachelor of Arts, Nae Laila Dahl and a Bachelor of Arts, Ruben Edward Edie and a Bachelor of Commerce, Jesse Arlegates and a Bachelor of Health Sciences, Jiawei Gong and a Bachelor of Commerce, Kasha Louise Grant and a Bachelor of Arts, Hayden Mark Green and a Bachelor of Commerce, Nicholas Jacob Higgins and a Bachelor of Commerce, William Ernest Ho and a Bachelor of Commerce, Jiangsu Jun and a Bachelor of Commerce, Ji Yun Jiang and a Bachelor of Commerce, James Harry Kane and a Bachelor of Arts, Darren Robert Carl and a Bachelor of Arts, Ching Kwa and a Bachelor of Arts, Jeremy Jun Boon Lee and a Bachelor of Commerce, Senior Scholar Engineering Carrie Mae Lintott and a Bachelor of Engineering Honours with First Class Honours in Civil Engineering, Julia March Wicker and a Bachelor of Arts, Senior Scholar Arts Sylvia Martino and a Bachelor of Arts, Amy Louise McMillan and a Bachelor of Arts, Senior Scholar Business and Economics, Ryan Ross Mills and a Bachelor of Commerce, Ravan Bharat Kumar Patel and a Bachelor of Commerce, Brydie Catherine Carmine Popplewell and a Bachelor of Arts, Callum Davies Schmidt and a Bachelor of Commerce, Nicholas Alexander Shepard and a Bachelor of Commerce, Krasni Shri Vastava and a Bachelor of Commerce, Jason Peter Swanavelda and a Bachelor of Arts, Justin Keith Tirado Takeda and a Bachelor of Commerce, Senior Scholar Arts and Senior Scholar Science Charles Timo Turbis and a Bachelor of Arts, Jacob Theo Vendapol and a Bachelor of Commerce, Nedley Jean Van Rossen and a Bachelor of Commerce, Sukenian Nishith Vias and a Bachelor of Arts, Gabriel Lanyu Wong and a Bachelor of Commerce, Lawrence Lok Hong Wong and a Bachelor of Music, Yan Qin Yin and a Bachelor of Arts, Chancellor I call upon the Dean of the Faculty of Science, Professor Hosking, to present further graduands. Postgraduate Diploma in Bioscience Enterprise with Distinction, Dominique Grace Newby, Samuel Christopher Wojcik, Postgraduate Diploma in Bioscience Enterprise with Merit, Nikita Kapoor, Lee Thomas Kersop, Postgraduate Diploma in Science with Distinction, Quenton Heath Burrell in Biomedical Science, Alex Quasher in Biomedical Science, Samantha Terry Denton in Psychology, Aisha Oimprakash Karady in Statistics, Sarah Ann Killick in Biosecurity and Conservation, Postgraduate Diploma in Science with Merit, Pisani Kavisha Bodiyabarau in Biomedical Science, Deveshish Chand in Biomedical Science, Shannon Arnold Chand in Pharmacology, Timothy Daniel Christopher in Chemistry, Melissa Jane Coots in Psychology, Dongsu Lee in Earth Sciences, Anna Natalie Lewis in Marine Science, Postgraduate Diploma in Science, Su-Yuan Chung Chan in Mathematics, Cara Raquel Marta Harrison Crichton in Marine Science, Elisa Venus Valoroso Fernandes in Pharmacology, Johnny Gaglioni Scholaro in Environmental Management, Fuyeng Hu in Wine Science, Song Huang in Computer Science, Jian Ho Jiang in Wine Science, Jia Harindra Kuma Kansara in Pharmacology, Harrison Taiyun Kim in Statistics, Yuntian Li in Food Science, Chi Xiang Lin in Chemistry, to the degree of Master of Bioscience Enterprise with Second Class Honours First Division, Simon Francis Mackay Gordon and a Postgraduate Diploma in Bioscience Enterprise with Distinction, to the degree of Master of Science with First Class Honours, Mohamed Hassan i Abuwawa in Biomedical Science, Nicholas Chad Andrews in Biological Sciences, University Graduate Scholar Jennifer Bramwell in Statistics and a Bachelor of Science Honours with First Class Honours in Mathematics and a Bachelor of Commerce and a Bachelor of Science Conjoint, Valerie Tracy Chang in Psychology, Danielle Patricia Courtney in Psychology, Erin Catherine Celine Crosby in Biological Sciences, Thomas Andrew Drain in Statistics, Jazar Zan Ensing in Geophysics, Jonathan Harold Goodman in Statistics, Maria Hermans in Biological Sciences, Leroy Armstrong Hudson in Chemistry and a Postgraduate Diploma in Forensic Science with Merit, Toby Shang-Yen Hung in Computer Science and a Postgraduate Diploma in Science and Computer Science, Elizabeth Kate Judd in Psychology, Pamela Lauren Kane in Marine Science, Hyun Kyung Kim in Sport and Exercise Science, Isabelle Tina Lamb in Geography, Rebecca Jane LeGris in Biological Sciences, Stephen Lowe in Chemistry, University Graduate Scholar Scott Daniel McGowan in Geology, June Pauline Barit Mesa in Biomedical Science, Ilya Aleksevich Litvinenko in Computer Science, Renal Murali in Biomedical Science and a Bachelor of Science and a Postgraduate Diploma in Science and Biomedical Science, Junkyo Oh in Biological Sciences and a Bachelor of Technology with Second Class Honours First Division, Ben Leif Rushton in Biological Sciences and a Postgraduate Diploma in Science with Merit in Biological Sciences, Junyi Sim in Geophysics and a Postgraduate Diploma in Science with Merit in Geophysics, University Graduate Scholar Marisa Sochi in Biosecurity and Conservation, Rachel Louise Sumner in Psychology, Zakaia Vadati in Biomedical Science and a Postgraduate Diploma in Science in Biomedical Science, Lucinda Kate Osterron in Marine Science, Stephen Lachlan Wallace in Biosecurity and Conservation, Xiuwong in Computer Science, Simon Carlson Wigner in Environmental Management, Rachel Marie Tulio West in Biomedical Science, Christopher James Wilkinson in Statistics and a Bachelor of Science Honours with Second Class Honours First Division in Statistics and a Bachelor of Science, Ian Shane Wong in Statistics and a Postgraduate Diploma in Science with Merit in Statistics. Bona yu in Applied Mathematics. To the Degree of Master of Science with Second Class Honours First Division, Sylla Camilla Sharona-Brown in Environmental Management, Alia Desai in Clinical Exercise Physiology, Ann Hong in Food Science, Indijit Kaur in Wine Science, Thomas William Meadah in Clinical Exercise Physiology, Noor Liana Nooksman in Biological Sciences, Craig Alan Parker in Clinical Exercise Physiology, Lilith Lee-Pung in Statistics, Shareen Radhika Sharma in Forensic Science, Rulita Philoaki ofa Helotu Talveli in Psychology, Rhiannon Elizabeth Webb in Psychology, Devlin J. White in Forensic Science. To the Degree of Master of Science with Second Class Honours Second Division, Sophie Faye Burgess in Marine Science, Bronwyn Ruth Cann in Biological Sciences, Anne-Marie Jean Gibson in Wine Science, Andrew Ray Gordon in Geology, Melissa Anne Harrison in Geography, Sebastian Richard Phillips-James in Clinical Exercise Physiology and a Postgraduate Diploma in Science with Merit in Clinical Exercise Physiology, Chow Lee in Computer Science, Michael John McIlveride in Clinical Exercise Physiology, Jessica Amy Price in Forensic Science, Ian Robert Simon Simpringham in Clinical Exercise Physiology, Wang Shu Yu in Psychology, to the Degree of Master of Science, Hanine Tariq Khan in Biological Sciences, Chun Toh Lee in Biological Sciences, Valilath Maram Venod Ramakrishnan in Clinical Exercise Physiology and, in absentia, all those other persons named in the official record who have qualified for the conferment of a degree or the award of a diploma in the Faculty of Science. I now call upon the Vice-Chancellor to present the doctoral graduands. Chancellor, I have the honour of presenting to you, the doctoral graduands, to the Degree of Doctor of Clinical Psychology, Elizabeth Sao Sangamati. From the perspective of Māori and Pacific Youth offenders and program staff at the Genesis Youth Project in South Auckland, Elizabeth explored factors associated with positive behavioural change. The establishment of a positive therapeutic relationship was deemed a necessary component and an effective intervention aimed at reducing re-offending. Sarah Marie Myers, University Doctoral Scholar. Sarah conducted a postal survey of 5,000 randomly selected individuals from the New Zealand electoral role to ascertain attitudes toward youth offenders and responses to their offending, including rehabilitation, punishment, community protection and restorative justice. She also assessed public support for community-based interventions and whether the public believed there is an age at which it is too late to help a youth offender. To the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Alistair Avery Abbott in Computer Science, University Doctoral Scholar. In his thesis, which was undertaken jointly with the O'Cole Numail Superior in Paris, Alistair worked on results improving our understanding of the nature and origin of randomness in measurements of quantum systems. He used mathematical tools from theoretical computer science to better understand the quality of quantum randomness and looked at how this randomness can be used to generate random numbers that are certified by physical principles. Safura Binti Abdul Jaleel in Computer Science. Safura investigated the effectiveness of a modular game-based learning approach in helping computer science students learn about visual aesthetics. Her work included the design, development and evaluation of a bespoke game-based learning prototype for this specific educational context. Her research contributes to human-computer interaction education and provides valuable insights for other research efforts in the game-based approach to learning design-related subjects. Siti Karija Abdul Karim in Biological Sciences. Siti generated royal gala cell cultures which were subsequently induced to differentiate through manipulation of plant hormones. She also studied fruit size control among three apple cultivars at molecular and cellular levels by investigating the role of cell division and cell expansion and apple growth to determine which of these processes contributes to final fruit size. Muhammad Abdullah Tief in Computer Science, University Doctoral Scholar. Citation classification can enable better assessment of the impact of a researcher's publications. Previous citation classification required pre-defined citation schemes and a manually annotated training dataset. Muhammad proposed a new citation classification technique that is able to classify citations without a pre-defined scheme or human intervention. Experimentation demonstrated good performance across multiple research areas. Muhammad Peter William Akers in Chemistry. Using a mixture of chemical and microbiological techniques, Peter investigated the structure and activity of biomolecules at the solid-liquid interface, testing the effects that different modes of binding have on surface activity. He found that while biomolecules are readily bound, the mode of binding in the chemical environment is critical to activity at the surface. Joshua Uboe Bensiman in Psychology, University Doctoral Scholar. Joshua investigated both traditional and modern theories of learning via positive reinforcement using a combination of mathematical models, experimental data and computer simulations. His results suggest that organisms use positive reinforcers, such as food, as sources of information about how to obtain further positive reinforcers. Emily Margaret Boyd in Chemistry. Emily developed new chemical reactions to enable the first synthesis of two natural products that are available only in tiny amounts from their natural source. Her research ultimately produced a quantity of these natural products upon which a comprehensive biological evaluation of their medicinal properties could be performed. Emily. Ian Kwoklun Chung in Geography. Alan developed a computational method to monitor and explain the behaviour of landscape systems through time and space. Using this method, Alan examined the evolving landscapes of the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau in China. Results from the study will allow scientists and other stakeholders to create better plans for environmental protection. Gaian Heruka de Zoiza in Chemistry. Using advanced chemical and microbiological techniques, sorry, microbiological techniques, Gaian developed novel antibacterial lipopeptides and established their therapeutic potential as antibiotics of the future. Gaian's original contribution to the field of medicinal chemistry has practical implications in solving the global public health issue of antimicrobial resistance that threatens the achievements of modern medicine. Johannes R. Wibisono Dimiardi in Computer Science. Johannes looked at how building regulations can be represented effectively for computer processing to support compliant building design and automated compliance audit processes. One practical impact of his research is to improve the slow and costly building consenting process which he demonstrated using a case study of performance-based fire safety design of buildings in the New Zealand regulatory environment. Congratulations. James Peter Diprose in Computer Science University doctoral scholar. James explored how to reduce the effort required to program socially interactive robots. He contributed a means to carefully balance the comprehensive control required for realistic human-robot interaction with the ability to simplify the way that social robots are programmed. His work will lead to more successful programming of socially-aware robots that are used as companions, teachers and caregivers. James, congratulations. Svetlana Valerievna Fagan in Psychology University doctoral scholar. Svetlana investigated the previously unexplored field of people who commit criminal offences for altruistic reasons from both the public and personal perspectives. Her findings suggest a need for legal considerations of altruistic offenders with regards to rehabilitation and sentencing and also the plausibility of true altruistic behaviour motivated by a compassionate response to the suffering of others. Christina Grace Fullerton in Food Science. Christina looked at how variation in the cell walls of kiwi fruit genotypes result in different softening rates. This research can be applied to identify chemical and genetic markers for kiwi fruit breeding, enabling early selection of new types of fruit with desired softening rates. This would give the New Zealand kiwi fruit industry a competitive edge in the global kiwi fruit market. Brendan Darrell Harvey in Chemistry bright future top achiever doctoral scholar. Brendan studied the development of new catalysts that would enable important chemical reactions to be carried out with more selectivity and deficiency. He synthesised an entirely new cyclic ligand system and used this to make metal catalysts for the transformation of carbon monoxide and acetylene into higher value organic products. David Sir Rong Huang in Computer Science. David looked at finding and analysing interesting data patterns in big data. He focused particularly on discovering changes in data streams and further investigated their implications. His work has wide applicability in large scale data, such as the analysis of tweets and Google keyword queries. David's work results in our better understanding of and decision making in practical applications of analysis and forecasting. Paul Alexander Hume in Chemistry University doctoral scholar. Paul designed and carried out the first chemical synthesis of the naturally occurring molecule, Virgatolide B. This compound was discovered during a screening programme searching for potential anti-cancer agents. Paul's strategy used interactions present within the molecule itself in order to direct formation of synthetic material identical to the naturally occurring substance. Nabila Binti is male in chemistry. The availability of clean water is becoming a rapidly growing global pro-problem. Nabila developed a new class of smart catalytic films that purify water effectively and inexpensively. Organic pollutants such as pesticides, herbicides and endocrine disruptors are catalytically oxidised to harmless material as the water simply runs over the films. These discoveries have been protected by two patents. Jay Kyung Jung in Physics University doctoral scholar. Jay Kyung experimentally investigated previously unexplored fundamental dynamics and potential applications of temporal cavity solitons, which are pulses of light circulating in a loop of fibre. His study could pave the way for implementation of all optical reconfigurable buffers, a key element in future optical telecommunication systems. Suhei Zhong in Pharmacy. Suhei developed a novel assay for cytosine, a smoking cessation medication, and measured cytosine levels for the first time in humans. Using these data, she was able to investigate the relationship between cytosine levels in blood and the effects on psychological measures such as craving, nicotine withdrawal, smoking satisfaction and mood in smokers. This has the potential to impact on smoking cessation therapy worldwide. The only Sharon, Josephine, Susan, Jones and chemistry. The only conducted a comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigation of the factors affecting the non-covalent interactions between porforins and fullerines as one-to-one complexes in the solid state. Their research has implications in the fields of computational chemistry, super-molecular chemistry, crystal engineering and in the design of molecular devices for solar energy conversion. Harveen Core in Biological Sciences. Harveen developed a novel synthetic strategy to prepare a range of bioactive cyclic peptides with antifungal, bone growth promoting and antithrombotic properties. She also synthesised a valuable anti-platelet agent for a contest which offered $100,000 reward for one milligram. Congratulations. Lian Siankou in Chemistry. Lian investigated the photophysics and photochemistry of novel light-harvesting molecules using laser spectroscopy. She evaluated the effectiveness of these molecules as energy carriers and thus their potential as active materials in solar cells. Amat Ovind Coakcha in Geography. Amat tackled the problems commonly associated with urban land cover classification through fusing multi-sensory data. A standardised multi-stage segmentation classification workflow based on existing data fusion methods using satellite data was developed to identify the land covers that are normally found in core urban areas. Arben Kurovilla Matthew in Speech Science. Arben used human electroencephalography and behavioural methods to understand the effects of hearing loss on the brain. This research aimed at improving the diagnosis and treatment of hearing impairment by determining how the brain processes acoustic cues that are important for successful speech perception in the presence of background noise. Shinsheng Li in Statistics. The generalised hyperbolic distribution and its limit cases have been recognised by researchers for their non-Gaussian properties which make them useful in almost all areas of finance and risk management. Shinsheng identified problems arising in the use of generalised hyperbolic distribution in statistical applications due to the complexity of the distribution and investigated by theoretical and computational solutions. Katarina Limbak in Psychology, University Doctoral Scholar. Katarina investigated why and how our performance in simple perceptual tests are tasks such as detecting a brief visual stimulus varies from moment to moment. She related this behavioural variability to fluctuations in ongoing brain activity and thus gained insight into how we perceive and interact with the world around us. Ne Lu in Computer Science. Ne developed a new method for texture recognition by extending the conventional LBP-LTP-based classifier towards learning the most characteristic shape sizes and number of patterns. The proposed method showed improved results in texture classification and in medical image segmentation of the kidney. Jennifer Ann Long in Psychology, University Doctoral Scholar. Jenny looked at waste and transport behaviours in a friendship-based school social network. She examined constructions of environmental action where the friends were similar in their self-reported behaviour and where the similarities arose from social influence. Hongtao Siu in Pharmacy, University Doctoral Scholar. Hongtao's study focused on development of a strategy to overcome drug resistance in pancreatic cancer. He developed multifunctional nanoparticles which could deliver an anti-cancer drug along with a drug resistance reversal agent specifically to the tumour. How the smart delivery system works within the cancer cells and its pharmacokinetics and animals were also investigated. Congratulations Hongtao. Shudong Yao in Pharmacy, University Doctoral Scholar. Yet his doctoral studies aim to provide proof of concept into the possible role of lactoferin as a new oral treatment for osteoporosis. He developed polymer-coated lipid particles to deliver lactoferin which improved therapeutic efficacy and minimised adverse side effects. This combined with its simplicity, nature and convenience will sequentially improve patient compliance and treatment outcomes. Congratulations. And in absentia all those other persons named in the official record qualified for the conferment of a doctoral degree in the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences and the Faculty of Science. We are now nearing the end of this graduation ceremony. On behalf of the university I invite all today's graduates to stand and receive the congratulations of us all. And while you are standing it will be a good opportunity for the graduates to show their appreciation of their families and supporters and the staff of the university who have helped them as they achieve their qualifications. This concludes this meeting of council and convocation of the university for the conferment of degrees and the award of diplomas. I now invite you to sing the first verse of God to Fair New Zealand in Māori, then in English. The words are printed on the reverse of your programme.


Hello everybody, Andrew Maeski here with Dental L. So a lot of dental professionals have been leaving the business, a lot of dental hygienists specifically. And I was looking at a couple groups on Facebook the other day and everybody's wondering how can they now start their own business because people aren't leaving because they don't like the profession. They find people are leaving because who they're working for aren't really giving them the right PPE or they're making them work like 12 hours without a lunch to catch up because we have been closed down for a while. And basically, I'm not feeling any of that stress. I have owned my own dental hygiene business now for almost two years. And yes, there have been a lot a lot more expenses. But what you guys, that's the cost of doing business.  I'm not going to worry about all of that extra PPE. I love what I do and I'm so happy. Literally every day is corny as that sounds to have my own business. You can set your own schedule. If you don't feel like working that day, technically you can call and sit because you're your own boss that has never happened to me, but you get the idea right. I have never felt so good to go to work every day because it's my business. It's my clients. It's my work. It's my everything. So, if you guys are interested if this is something you're thinking about I do have a course that I can help you do all of that with. I'm going to share my screen for a second. Just to show you what I'm talking about. So I do have a couple courses. The first course that I do have is called Mobile RDH Academy. So I had started this course when I was a mobile dental hygienist primarily so I do do a little bit of both now I go to people's homes, plus I do have a practice in my own home to which you guys can't see that because this is in the way. But so I teach you guys how to do each of those. So you're kind of getting two courses for the price of one. So this is awesome. This teaches you guys exactly what I had to do when I first started literally from me thinking about it. Even I have a video on here where I go through kind of like a I'm starting a business virtual diary where I talked to you guys about okay guys I'm thinking about this like what do you guys think about this name for my business. I even have a video where I just got back from a bank appointment where we were talking about loans and I thought I was going to be sick. Yes, I say that all in the video so this course isn't about okay you guys need this this and this have fun. I teach you guys every step of the way from step one to what you have to order to what you shouldn't order. That's kind of a waste of money. I talked about making a website. I believe that's towards the end of the module I talked to you guys about how to be active on social media. I talked to you guys about how did I get my first patients to how do I keep my patients to how do I keep on getting new ones. I talk about ordering all of this PPE. The best part is I go through everything that I did order where and which websites to go to for the best prices so I have done all of the research for you so anyways. So this is Mobile RDH Academy if you are a dental hygienist who wants to look into their own business. Another course that I do offer though is for teeth whitening. So if you guys want to do teeth whitening in your dental hygiene business you don't need this this sort of extra course. Unless you just have no idea how to get started and you want a little bit of everything because I give you guys everything for your first 10 clients. And I teach you guys hands on so for the teeth whitening course, which of which actually we're full right now. I don't know if I have it on here still. Yes, I do. Okay, so I do have a teeth whitening course also. So this is all hands on you have you have practice so I give you guys three clients. It might be more depending on how many people are in the class. Plus I give you everything that you need for your first 10 clients so literally all you need is a space to set up in or if you're doing teeth whitening in your own home or I'm sorry if you're doing teeth whitening and going to people's You don't need anything else I have everything here for you. So this price is a 1400 you could do the payment plans to this includes everything. When I first started my business you guys it was like $30,000 but that was for the whole hygiene. This is for teeth whitening so this is not for your whole hygiene business.  If you're an esthetician so you don't have to be dental hygienist in some areas to have your own teeth whitening business, even dental assistants can have their own teeth whitening business in some parts, but I give you guys everything so imagine $1400 to start your own business that's amazing. And you can literally make $200 minimum a person for whitening I charge $200. A lot of dental offices though charge a lot more so technically you can charge whatever you want but that's just kind of what I like to do so depending on what you guys want to do so if you have quit. And you're like oh my god I still love what I do but I can't work for that person anymore I want to work for myself this is perfect for you. Okay, so I will leave you guys the links for both of those on the bottom. Let me know if you guys have any questions. And once you guys do sign up for these courses I do sort of explain everything to you a lot more anyway so this is just a YouTube video where I'm just kind of saying hey did you guys know that this is available so I do offer these. These are online the teeth waiting business though that I said there is an in person component to it, but there's only a certain number of people allowed in at a time because of you know obviously social distancing we are very very careful. But to do teeth whitening it really helps to do the in person component you don't need it I can teach I can teach it to you guys online. But the in person is obviously better you pay the same price so you might as well do the in person if you can. But obviously if you can't because you're really far away. Then you can't it is all online you see everything anyway. Okay you guys. Thank you if you guys have any questions let me know and I'll see you guys in the next one.


take this with a grain of salt, but it's all about timing. So the article states crypto services provider Matrixport. One of the firms turned bullish on Bitcoin says there's going to be a rally to as high as $125,000 by the end of 2024. And this is why they say it. On June 22nd, 2023, Bitcoin made a new one year high, marking the first time in a year. This signal has historically indicated the end of bear markets and the start of a new crypto bull markets. Hopefully that's true. If history is any guide, Bitcoin price could climb by 123% over 12 months and by 310% over the 18 months.


Great. Thanks for inviting me to talk about this. Thanks particularly for putting me before Matt rather than afterwards because his talk is going to be that much more interesting than mine that I would hate to have to follow it. I'm going to be talking about the title is Patient-Centered Research from Consent to Outcomes. And actually, I just want to start by saying that the session before this one, the one on clinical utility, was really also about patient-centered research and patient-centered outcomes. The whole day has been about that. Question was asked at the very beginning. How does what we're talking about here differ from what PCORI, for example, talks about with respect to patient-centered outcomes? In some sense, patient-centered outcomes are those outcomes that matter to patients, at least that's PCORI's definition. Here we're going to be talking about that, but we're also going to be going a bit more broad to talk about outcomes that don't just overlap with that, but talk about things that matter to populations and also to health systems. Now, I want to suggest that we could take two different paths to responsibly integrating sequencing into clinical practice. There's lots of irresponsible paths that you could take, but there's at least two responsible paths. One would be, I think, a traditional sort of clinical development path where we demonstrate utility, clinical utility, and here probably one of Robert Green's or Muir and Curry's more narrow centers, and then later go back retrospectively to evaluate the impact of sequencing on psychosocial outcomes, economic outcomes, and health system outcomes. The approach that CSER has taken is a more integrated approach, I think. First of all, it's to find utility more broadly in terms of the outcomes that matter, but I think importantly, and that's going to be the focus of this session, it has from the start sought to integrate psychosocial economic and health system outcomes into the evaluation of sequencing from the get-go, and if sequencing is a potentially transformative technology in health care, and I think that it is, then CSER's approach is, in my view, the more responsible way to proceed, especially because the technology is not going to wait for all of these outcomes to be studied and evaluated and their impact to be known. So, let me say a word about what I think CSER has taught us so far about LC, ethical, legal, and psychosocial outcomes, with apologies to the investigators whose work I don't mention, and also with a note that some of this is stuff that you've seen before from some of the presentations earlier today, but just some highlights. So, one of the areas, and many of the outcomes are yet to come, that CSER projects are, in general, not complete and are still collecting and analyzing data, so many of the outcomes that are, many of the data that we have are really some of the early data. I think we've learned a lot, though, about informed consent and preference settings and some of the things that go on in the pretest space. So, in a project led by Gail Henderson, looking at heterogeneity and best practices in consent forms. So, for example, some of the recommendations and best practices that came out of that work, quoting from the paper, clarity about the limitations of whole exome and whole genome sequencing as part of the consent, description of the processes that will be used to determine which results to return, and the meaning of positive, negative, and uncertain results. Very important piece of information for counseling and consent up front with sequencing. Paul Applebaum's work, this one of the R01s that's part of the CSER LC consortium, conceptual models for how we might approach consent incidental findings or return of incidental findings. So, Paul makes a very careful distinction between up front consent to return of incidental or secondary findings versus a more staged or just-in-time approach to consent and works through the advantages and disadvantages of those two approaches. And then in work led by Barbara Bernhardt, lessons from genetic counselors about consent to genomic sequencing. So, for example, the importance of dispelling unrealistic expectations that patients might have about what they're going to get back and avoiding some of the disappointments that you might have if you don't get what you were expecting to get. We've learned something about patients' preferences for incidental and secondary results. It was a lot of work went on prior to CSER on hypothetical preferences. What do you think you might do if you were ever in this situation? But CSER actually did this with real patients, real research subjects making real decisions with real consequences. So, we learned this from the clinic that most patients, or in this case, probably you might say research subject, actually do prefer to learn sequencing results and that the factors that drive that are an interest in prevention for themselves and their families and just a general philosophy or desire to know results. We learned from the Baylor project that most families of children with cancer, despite the focus on the cancer and the tumor sequencing to inform treatment, agree, most agree to tumor and germline sequencing. Almost nobody says no when offered the opportunity to have tumor and germline sequencing. And then when given one choice within that project, which is would you like to know carrier results related to any carrier status that your child has? Again, despite the fact that the focus is on the child cancer, most families are saying yes. We've learned something about the challenges that clinicians and health systems face. And it's worth noting that there's a big focus in many of the CSER projects and perhaps all of them on the clinicians as an important actor in this process. So Junho Yu from Seattle has taught us that genetic professionals beliefs about the return of incidental findings vary by patient populations. So much more positive when we're talking about an adult patient, somewhat less so when we're talking about a healthy adult and more controversial when we're talking about children. The issues of the age of onset of the condition, more favorable responses to return of results when we're talking about a childhood onset condition versus an adult onset condition for a child's patient. And a great deal of controversy about whether actionability should matter, something like a 5050 split and whether actionability should matter in terms of driving decisions about return. And then from the MedSeq project and also from our Dana-Farber-CanSeq project, a real sense that primary care physicians, cardiologists and medical oncologists report being quite unprepared for the challenges of sequencing that they see coming towards them. And finally, a note about electronic health record integration. This has been a topic of discussion this morning so far. We know from various folks within the electronic health record group within CSER that there's not a lot of consistency about how genomic data find their way into the electronic health record or which section of the electronic health record they are found. So if you're looking for a result, you don't know as a clinician where to go find it or as a patient where to go find it. The most common format is a PDF type format, obviously not very interactive. There's an acute need for clinical decision support that's integrated into the electronic health record. And we know from the folks at the University of Washington that it's possible to develop alert systems based upon pharmacogenomic results, but it's research intensive, particularly given the fact that the knowledge base is evolving in the way that it is. Stacey Gray and others from the Outcomes and Measures Working Group has given us a very nice conceptual model of the kinds of outcomes that we might be looking for if we want to understand the psychosocial and societal implications of sequencing. And they have suggested that we focus on preferences for disclosure of sequencing findings of patients or research participants understanding in various dimensions, the psychosocial impact, the behavioral impact, the behaviors that patients and families actually take, healthcare utilization downstream from sequencing results, and then satisfaction and regret about decisions. And then identified particular measures that can help us to get to these outcomes and areas where we don't have good enough measures and we really need to develop better ones. So these are some of the things that we have learned. There's a lot more that we need to learn. And some of this we will learn as we get more data from the latter stages of CSER. So the impact of return on patients and families, we're just starting to get those data now. And particularly beginning to define patient and family-centered measures of value of information, and this will be something that I think Matt will speak to. Economic and health utilization outcomes of CSER, what are the impacts in terms of economics and utilization? Extending sequencing to and understanding the outcomes in community settings, obviously the CSER projects are primarily tertiary care kinds of academic settings and in diverse populations. So it will be the topic of the next session and I think a major challenge. And many places where we need better measures of the key outcomes, particularly with longitudinal follow-up rather than just one time cross-sectional follow-up. A couple of you may have seen this diagram previously, Eric Green earlier suggested that CSER really focus on advancing the science of medicine. I want to suggest that it also focuses on improving the effectiveness of health care, some of the longer term goals that were set out even for 2020 and beyond. How is it doing this? Well, in terms of advancing the science of medicine, CSER is actually delivering genomic information to patients and clinicians, one of the goals that was set out in that strategic plan. And I don't want to over-claim what it's accomplishing in this arena because it's really in very early days. It's beginning to shed some light in helping us to address the impact of genomics on health disparities. And in terms of improving the effectiveness of health care, CSER is facing in real-world clinical settings the challenges of integrating genomics into electronic health records. It is beginning to demonstrate the effectiveness and also helping to define the metrics for effectiveness, something that is not an entirely empirical task. And all of this will lead to shaping of the regulatory questions that sort of regulate how sequencing works its way into practice. And you've already seen some of the papers, for example, from Barbara Evans, that have begun to address some of the regulatory challenges that we face. CSER is developing methods for educating health care professionals, patients and the public about genomic sequencing. And ultimately, the insights from CSER, I think, are going to help us increase access to genomic medicine, although, again, this remains one of the major and long-term challenges that we have. So I will stop there, turn it over to Matt, and then look forward to the discussion. Thank you.


There you go mate, or if you get the sap here, it's nice. Okay Boy chuckle cool.  That was just fair as well pumping here Got the shield.     I'm gonna fear her, you gotta dispel, it's a fuckable, okay. I was confused, I thought we were going, I've wasted my fear now, careful.  Yeah, I'm gonna double now, it's gonna get thingy though, pala-resisted, sham-trinketed anyway. Spelling pala hardcore. Yeah, rep-trinking, getting the wings, miss-kick, hex-half, pier-ink, double, hodge me full, watch out. Look if you- oh he ducked, look.  Spelling pala, a 10 sec, big MC. Yeah, he, yeah okay okay.   Peer pala, tendon broke, I believe you will send him, got the wings, yeah boy.  It's that sham, okay okay, go sham if you want. He's knocked already, yeah yeah, just go sham whatever, good luck. Resist be on pala, unlock. Rep on me, got the freedom, hodge on me. It's gonna be a DR hex if he learns it now anyway. What's on you okay? Yep, tendon break.


Thank you so much to CSB Conference for having me. I'm a big fan of CSVs. I was actually going to include a screenshot showing you that emoji data begins as a CSV and then you extract emojis and then it becomes a pretty graph, but I'll spare you that. I'm really excited to be here today. Many people ask me, how did you become an emoji data scientist? Is that something you always wanted to be when you grew up, when you were growing up? And given that emojis weren't around when I was growing up, nor was data science. I did not always know I wanted to be an emoji data scientist. I kind of fell into this by accident because I was always, for many years now, I've been a data scientist. I've worked in a bunch of industries. I really enjoy it. I also really like emojis. People remember the first time they saw a Ford Mustang or the first time they saw their favorite Rockstar. I remember the first time someone sent me a tears of joy emoji and I asked the person I asked her, does this literally mean you're crying when you're laughing because I thought like what else could it possibly mean? And I mean that's how my fascination with emojis began and one day I realized I can actually combine my passions for emojis and data science and that's what I'll be sharing today. I was really inspired by Angela's talk yesterday when she talked about industry data science versus indie data science and I think my journey is also one of transitioning from an industry data scientist, it's like the big building. I worked at Facebook in New York. We had a huge building and it kind of looked like that and the guy with the beaker is just like scientist because otherwise the bar graphs just look boring to an indie data scientist which is just me on my laptop. And I think throughout this journey the most meaningful realization I had is that I could harness my data science skills and abilities, finding a good question, finding data, analyzing data, cleaning that data, telling a story, building models which I had done in advertising and demography and brain imaging and all of these fields where I learned a lot but I really wasn't asking questions that I personally was passionate about. And I realized that I could use these same technical skills to answer questions that I personally was really curious about, that I wanted to know, that I thought weren't being answered and that is the story of the birth of Prismoji which is an emoji data science lab in New York. So how did this begin? The story, I'll take you back to last summer when Brexit happened and I was scrolling through my Facebook feed and I saw this link to an article in Quartz. The world's reaction to Brexit in emoji. And I was super pumped when I saw this link because I was like, this is so cool, like someone used emojis to understand sentiment in response to Brexit. I've always thought of doing that, like, oh my God, they beat me to it but I was excited because I believe in open source and collaboration. So I was like, all right, let's find out what they did. And I read the actual article and this is not a snippet of the article. This is the entire article. There is no data in this article as we would say when listening to an academic talk. It says François Hollande, one tear coming out of his face, Nicola Sturgeon, bicep emoji.  That's the whole article. And I read that and I was like, okay, if this is the bar for emoji sentiment analysis, it's a pretty low bar that Quartz is setting over here. And why don't I try to surpass that? So first I had to react to this article in emoji and that was my reaction. So what I did is that I spent the next three days engaged in a one-man hackathon. I locked myself in my room drinking only water and coffee. And I just spent three days learning how to extract, how to download tweets from the Twitter API, how to read that into R, how to extract emojis from those tweets, how to make graphs, how to visualize that data. It was like I was like on the moon. It was so exciting to me because it hadn't been done before. And since Quartz had just published this not very well done article, it was timely. So I thought if I do it right away, I can get it published somewhere. And three days later, I finished the article. It gets published in Motherboard. Here are the most popular emojis from the Brexit reaction. And that's how I became an emoji data scientist. This was the most fun I'd ever had, a lot more fun than I'd had doing advertising research or working in grad school or doing all of the other data science I'd done. This was really cool. So let me walk you through some of my work on this Brexit piece. And then later on, I'll talk about some of the other analyses I've done. The question we were trying to answer is a simple one. How do people use emojis to react to a major political event in real time? And the first step is always getting the data and cleaning the data, which takes 80% of the time of a data scientist as the maximum goes. And the approach was straightforward. I used the Twitter API to sample 100,000 tweets for five hashtags related to Brexit. I removed retweets. I used regular expressions in R to figure out how to extract the emojis. I computed the emoji count.  And I counted how often each emoji appears. I matched those tweets with an emoji dictionary. And I figured out what is the count of each emoji in this data set. And then I compared that with a control group, with a baseline. I used this guy, Emoji Tracker, Matthew Rothenberg, who's built a great site, which has every emoji that's ever been tweeted in the past five years. So that gives you a baseline of how popular are these emojis in general. Yeah, that was my reaction too. And then I also looked at the hashtags in these tweets. So high level, these are the emojis that, these are the top 10 emojis people use to talk about Brexit. And the ones in blue are the ones that over index on Brexit. And this is my first time playing around with emoji data. This is untested code. I'd hacked it together. And the thing here that made me happy is that the flag of the UK is in number two on the list, which tells me that my code worked. So if it was the flag of Papua New Guinea, then my 72 hour hackathon would have been a waste, and I would have to start from scratch. So that was cool. What was also cool to me is that there's a lot of, there's a tremendous diversity of reaction in this set of emojis. You have positive emojis, thumbs up in the clapping hand sign, the heart. You have sad emojis, the crying face, the pensive face.  There's a lot of variety here. And this is something real. This is Brexit, like people's lives were changed, like Europe is figuring out how much of a penalty they're going to assess on Britain. And here are people on Twitter using emojis to react to something that's happening in real life and is affecting them tremendously. So this was really hardening for me, because I think a lot of people who don't use emojis think emojis happen just in a vacuum, randomly. People are just randomly picking emojis. But no, emojis actually correlate with the emotions people are trying to express. Another thing we did is we came up with the idea of a hashtag signature of a given emoji. So we had five different hashtags we looked at. Not my vote, vote remain, EU, Brexit and Vote Leave, spanning the spectrum from pro-Brexit to anti-Brexit. And then I figured out across our entire data set, what is the distribution of these hashtags? And it's something like this. And then I asked myself, for a given emoji, what does this distribution look like? And comparing those two allows me to understand how are people using certain emojis to express certain emotions. And the findings are really intuitive, and that also makes them interesting. So you find that the British flag heavily overindexes on Vote Leave. People are much more likely to include the British flag when they're using the hashtag Vote Leave, suggesting it's a sign of patriotism or nationalism. The party-popper emoji, people are using that when they treat Vote Leave. And when people tweet, vote remain, they're crying. It's the loudly crying emoji. Subsequent research has shown that the loudly crying emoji with the two tiers is often ironic. So we'll have to explore that in future research. And it's also the praying emoji, because when Brexit first happened, a lot of people didn't know what they voted for. There was a lot of voter regret. So there was thought of it they were going to do a do-over. This is like the day after Brexit. They didn't end up doing that, of course. But here you see people are praying for a do-over, which is really cool. Here are emojis, and people are using them to express their emotions about a real-time event. So that was my first step as an emoji data scientist. And I was like, this is cool. What else should I work on? And then one day, I don't know if you guys listen to pop music, my friends, I have a younger sister who's in high school, they all start telling me about a feud between Kanye West and Taylor Swift. And that is my next, does anyone know what I'm talking about? Oh, wow, awesome. A few people know what I'm talking about, awesome. When I give this talk to high school students, everyone starts jumping up and down at this point. So that was my next emoji analysis, the data scientist emoji guides at Kanye West and Taylor Swift. And a quick back story is that Taylor and Kanye had a pretty serious beef. Kanye West used, mentioned Taylor Swift in one of his songs in a derogatory manner. He claimed he had her permission to do that. And she denied that. She said he's making that up, he's insulting me. And then Kim Kardashian jumps in and she released a leaked Snapchat video of Taylor giving him permission to use that tweet. Justin Bieber jumped in, maybe Drake even jumped in. It was like a huge, huge controversy in the hip hop world. And I was like, okay, this is really cool because I'm really curious to know how people are using emojis to talk about this controversy. So what I did is I looked at tweets mentioning Taylor, tweets mentioning Kanye, and I looked at the top five emojis in these tweets. And what's really interesting here is the thing that immediately jumps out is the snake emoji. A lot of people are using the snake emoji to tweet about Taylor. And for you guys who've been following the controversy, it's because people said Taylor was a snake. She was lying, she was ungrateful to Kanye, she couldn't be trusted, and that was the meaning of the snake emoji. This got so serious that Instagram for 24 hours banned any comments with the snake emoji on Taylor Swift's profile. Because something like 80,000 or maybe 800,000 people were leaving snake comments on Taylor's Instagram. And they banned that because she thought, she called that cyber bullying and she appealed to Instagrams like directors. And yeah, that got pretty real. Another way of visualizing this data is if you plot each emoji on a spectrum where the farther to the left it is, the more likely it is to be used in a tweet mentioning Taylor Swift. And the farther to the right it is, the more likely it is to be used with Kanye. And here again, you see something really interesting is that the more feminine emojis, the pink hearts, the purple heart, the rose, the kiss, they're heavily more likely, they're much more likely to be used in tweets mentioning Taylor Swift. The snake emoji of course is there also. That's the snake bombing because it shouldn't be there. The heart is there. Kanye West doesn't really have, his emoji action isn't that interesting in comparison. He has the lit fire, which people use with Kanye West. This got me thinking, I wonder if there is a common emoji language we use when we talk about our favorite celebrities. As DJ Khaled would say, what are the emojis we use to talk about fan love? That's his term for how we adore our favorite celebrities. So I extended this by looking at five celebrities and I looked at the top five emojis people used to talk about them. And the fascinating thing here, it might be a little too small for you guys to see, is that four of the five emojis are the same for four of these celebrities. It's the hard eyes emoji, it's the red heart, it's tears of joy, it's loudly crying emoji. Which is fascinating because there's no collusion happening between all these people tweeting about these celebrities. This is just a free market, it's chaos, it's like a bunch of 250,000 people tweeting about how much they like these celebrities and a lot of them are using the same emojis. That's crazy because we don't learn emojis in school. We learn words in school, but no one is teaching these people that when you talk about your favorite celebrity, use the hard eyes emoji. It's just this is like order coming out of chaos. This is like, and it's public data. It's open data, it's all out there. It's like it's staring us in the face, it was just waiting, it just needs to be analyzed and it's like, that's really cool. Obviously the interesting scientific question is, how does this order emerge from this chaos? How are all these people using these same emojis? Are they using them to mean the same things? And I think there's a lot of interesting research to be done there. You also see uniqueness, right? Beyonce has the queen bee emoji. Justin Bieber, people use the fire emoji. Drake is very interesting because his number one emoji is the tears of joy. And after doing this, I Googled, why is everyone laughing at Drake? And apparently he had challenged someone to a rap battle and like Twitter just attacked him for that. Yeah, it was not good. And DJ Khaled is in the middle. He's a man on his own. His emojis are unique to him. He has his own unique emoji signature. And many folks have picked up on this now. This is because everyone's talking about DJ Khaled and his unique emojis because he talks about major keys to success. He talks about bless up. He talks about give thanks to the sky. Like he has all of these motivational sayings and people just associate emojis with those sayings, which is really cool. In just a few minutes, I wanna talk about some of the more recent work I've done. I did some work on Election Day, a much more sensitive topic to many of us in this room. And what was really interesting to me, and I think just looking at it from a bit of a high level, is that tweets are data, right? They're structured data, but it's just a bunch of data floating around in the ether. And how do we make sense of that data? That's the question, right? And the thing is natural language processing is hard. So if you try to analyze the sentiment of tweets based on the words in those tweets, it's really hard for a computer to do that. So what happens in most journalism about tweets is very anecdotal. It's like, oh, today people on Twitter are saying X, Y, and Z, and it's based entirely on the social networks of those journalists. It's not based on rigorous data. And I think this is a first step in applying that type of rigorous data science, rigorous data analysis, to understanding what social media reaction is on a given topic. So without any further ado, this is emoji reaction on election night, looking only at tweets after midnight, eastern time. And the emojis to the left are more likely to be used in tweets mentioning Hillary Clinton. And the emojis to the right are more likely to be used in tweets mentioning Donald Trump. And when I looked at this, it's just like, I wanted to cry. It's just beautiful. Because this is like, what? It's like half a million tweets, like crazy data, like someone could write a PhD dissertation on how do you summarize half a million tweets. You couldn't teach a computer to do that in a sensible way. And here, all I do is I look at the emojis and I plot their frequencies. And I get this amazingly fast, this incredible plot where the emojis that are used with Hillary Clinton are sad emojis. They're deeply crying, distressed, praying emojis, the heart emoji, the blue heart, the broken heart. It's like all emojis of people really sad that Hillary lost. And then you look on the Trump side and there's a huge binary going on where you have happy emojis. You have the party popper emoji, the hundred, the train, which is like, I think the Make America Great train emoji. People use that train. And then there's also a lot of anger. There's like, what just happened? There's rolling eyes. There's the middle finger emoji, which I had never seen prior to this work. Used in the wild. This was like a sighting of the middle finger emoji in the wild. And that was really cool to me. Another way of looking at this is if you look at the time course of reaction in tweets mentioning Hillary Clinton. So everything on the left was used more in tweets before midnight. Everything on the right was used more in tweets after midnight. And here you can see that in a very crude fashion how that emotion shifted over the day. Where throughout the day it was happy, like you got this girl, like biceps emoji, kissy face, and then after midnight it's just like night and day, which is like amazing to me. I also looked at four specific emojis and did a more intricate time series. And here you see something, a few interesting things. The American flag emoji spikes in tweets mentioning Trump after the results are announced. The middle finger emoji also spikes in tweets mentioning Trump after the results are announced. The loudly crying emoji is very heavy for in tweets mentioning Hillary Clinton starting at 10 p.m., because people are seeing the results are not going the right way. And the most interesting thing, the prayer emoji is used at about 10.30 p.m., 10.30 to 11 in tweets mentioning Hillary Clinton. Because that's when people thought Michigan or Pennsylvania might turn the other way. And they thought Hillary could eke out a victory. A lot of this is storytelling on my part. I dabble in storytelling. But I think what's so interesting here is that process of taking raw data and finding an interesting story and communicating it back to the public. That's what excites me so much about emoji data science and emoji data journalism. Because this work isn't buried in a journal somewhere. It's not buried in the confines of a major tech company where it's never going to see the light of day. It's just out there for the public to make of it what they will and hopefully be inspired to play around with emoji data on their own. This is just a quick summary I did of the divided emoji states of America where I think word clouds are also really interesting. Where you see how are people using these emojis. And you see the thumbs up, congratulations, Mr. President, make America great again. The middle finger is just, I don't know if I'm allowed to say that word, but yeah, whatever.  And the people who didn't vote at all, middle finger emoji. That's like a mic drop tweet right there. That's really cool. And then the thinking face emoji, which is like, what just happened? And it's just so fascinating. Like people's emotional lives are represented in the emojis they use. That's what seems to me the burning story here. And I think that's really fascinating. I'll just talk briefly about my last piece of analysis I did, which is on emojis of resistance. So this is right after the Muslim ban, the travel ban was announced. There were all these protests happening at the airports. And I live in New York. My sister works for the city government. So we went to the JFK and she huddled with the lawyers and she's like doing government stuff. And I'm just like, I'm an emoji data scientist. Can I help anyone here? And the lawyers didn't really know what to make of me. And I said, I watch a lot of law and order if that helps. And it did not help. It did not help. So I went back home and I did another one-man hackathon. This time it took like six hours because I've been doing it for a while. I'm much better at it. And I looked at emojis people use when they're using these protest hashtags. So the hashtags that were big that weekend were no ban, no wall, not my president, the resistance. Women's March had also just happened so a lot of people were still using that hashtag. And here I looked at the emojis people use when they use these protest hashtags. And the interesting thing here is that it's the fish emoji. I mean, that was my main finding. But it's also the American flag. It's also the red heart, which is counterintuitive to a lot of people who think protestors are coming from a place of anger or a place of anti-Americanism. But if you just look at the emojis they're using, a lot of people are using patriotic emojis to talk about how this ban is not in line with our values. And I thought that was a really cool way of looking at it. Here are some examples of tweets. Here's a tweet of the Statue of Liberty hugging a young woman in a hijab. And the tweet is such a beautiful picture. Heart emoji, American flag emoji, hashtag Muslim ban, hashtag no ban no wall, hashtag not my president. Which is just really cool. I think this is the kind of stuff that, so one of the limitations of this work is it's only using Twitter data. I think next steps are to extend this using Instagram, other social platforms. And I think there's just so many interesting directions to take this kind of work in. Speaking of which, speaking of open data science, you guys too, all of you and girls, can become an emoji data scientist, not collectively. You can become individual emoji data scientist. I released a, there's a tutorial on our site, prismoji.com, emoji data science in R. All of this latest, the code for this latest analysis is open source, you can download the data. I walk you through step by step how to download tweets, how to extract emojis. And what really excites me about this work is that I think when we talk about open source and open science and open journalism, the idea of accessibility is really important to me. And I think making data science seem complicated is easy. Making it seem highly technical and you need five PhDs and you need to know deep learning and you need to be how from 2001 a space odyssey, that's easy to do. But it's hard to take something so complicated and make it accessible, make it resonate. So when I give this presentation to high school students, to college students, data science, they would have been like, what is that? But when they see this, they're like, oh, this is really cool. This is a tool, a powerful set of tools for me to understand my world. It's a way for me to go out and look at the questions I care about and find data on them. And I think it's a powerful educational tool and that's why I enjoy giving a lot of these talks. Some quick next steps, study emoji usage across countries and cultures. The interesting thing is that all of this is public emoji usage. Whereas for most people, their most meaningful emoji usage is in private conversations. So that's a whole other ball game. Obviously getting that data, I think some academics are beginning to try to figure out ways of getting that data in an informed manner. But I think that's a whole other, because that's what we really wanna know, right? When she sends you that heart eyes emoji, like is she flirting with you? Is she just like, what does that even mean? And yeah, I think this is a starting point. And then also using this as a kickoff point to just dive deep into data journalism and storytelling and use that to answer unexplored questions in society and culture. And I'll stop there. Thank you so much for your time. Feel free to reach out to me on Twitter or by email if you have questions or tips or if you'd like to collaborate. And I'm happy to take questions now. Thank you.


Lung transplantation has been shown to be a successful treatment option for many patients suffering from end-stage lung diseases. However, despite increasing numbers of lung transplants performed every year, there remains a significant gap between the number of organs available and the number of patients who need them. In order to ensure the best possible outcomes, researchers have focused their efforts on identifying those patients most likely to benefit from this procedure. This includes understanding which diseases are more likely to occur after transplantation and how these can be managed. This article was authored by Doreen Arama Esendali, Prinsantia Moa, Ilif Kupali, and others.