Imagine for the moment that I asked you to determine how much heat was required to increase the temperature of 350 milliliters of water from 68 degrees Celsius to 90 degrees Celsius. Well, the way that we would set this up would be to establish a system. I could define my system as the mass of the water. I could probably get away with assuming that the change in mass is negligibly small. At which point I would have heat entering my system and increasing the temperature. And if I were to make some sweeping assumptions like the density of our water doesn't change, therefore as the temperature changes the volume doesn't change there's no work opportunities. And if I were to neglect any heat transfer in the hour direction and just call it Q in the thing that I'm solving for and if I were to neglect any changes in kinetic potential energy my energy balance would simplify down to Q in is equal to mass which if I assumed was constant I could factor out times U2 minus U1. The mass we could determine because we know the volume and we can look up the density of water at 68 or 90 degrees Celsius. So the question really becomes how do we determine delta U? And for that we have a couple of different options. The one that we know already is going to be the best option so I'm going to call this options for evaluating delta U and delta H. Option one is to look them up and subtract them and this is what we've done so far. We have two state points one is at 68 degrees Celsius the other is at 90 degrees Celsius. We could presumably look up an internal energy the problem with that is we don't actually have enough information to perform to look up properly. We don't know another independent intensive property which would be required to fix the state. We just have a temperature so we could probably get away with you know let me start a new page we could probably get away with assuming something. I mean if we were to assume say that the pressure was I don't know let's call it 100 kilopascals that's basically one atmosphere right? I mean it's close enough I would say. We have a temperature at day one then of 68 degrees Celsius and a pressure at day one of oh about 100 kilopascals. Okay with that information assumed I can look up E1. All I would have to do there is find the intersection of 68 degrees Celsius and 100 kilopascals in my tables and that process is going to begin by determining the phase at day one which I could do by looking up the saturation temperature corresponding to my pressure and comparing my temperature to that or I can look up the saturation pressure corresponding to my temperature and compare my pressure to that. In this case I will look up the saturation temperature corresponding to 100 kilopascals and compare 68 to that temperature. That saturation temperature at 100 kilopascals is going to be t-sat at one bar which if I jump into our tables is going to be 99.63 degrees Celsius. My temperature at day one is less than 99.63 degrees Celsius therefore it must be a compressed liquid. So if I peruse my compressed liquid tables surely I will find a pressure sub table corresponding to one bar and oh alas I don't have one. I mean I have a pressure sub table corresponding to 25 bar and 50 bar and 75 bar but not one bar which means the bestest way to get a property here would be to interpolate to interpolate between 25 bar and our saturation condition because remember this is all describing water our compressed liquid tables and our saturated liquid vapor mixture tables we're just splitting them into phases so the saturation condition that is the saturated liquid property at 68 degrees Celsius is going to be on one side of my data point and the property at 25 bar and 68 degrees Celsius is going to be on the other side of my data point. So my interpolation would just be something like our pressure which is one bar minus p sat at 68 degrees Celsius divided by our pressure on the lowest sub table which is 25 bar minus p sat at 68 degrees Celsius that proportion then would be applied for linear interpolation to the proportion of the way we are between those internal energies so u1 minus uf at 68 degrees Celsius divided by u at 25 bar 68 degrees Celsius minus uf at 68 degrees Celsius well I know one I know 25 but I don't know anything else so we go into our tables first let's try to find the saturation pressure corresponding to 68 degrees Celsius well if I jump back into our saturation tables I want the one ordered by temperature and if I find 68 degrees Celsius I can see that the saturation pressure is oh man I don't happen to have a row for 68 degrees Celsius so I have to interpolate so that linear interpolation is going to be 68 not what I wanted let's try that again 68 minus 65 divided by 70 minus 65 the proportion of the way we are between 65 and 70 and we're saying that proportion is the same as the proportion of the way we are between the pressures so x minus 0.2503 divided by 0.3119 minus 0.2503 and we are solving that relationship for x we get 0.287 so we're saying that the saturation pressure at 68 degrees Celsius is about 0.28726 bar 0.28726 bar I mean approximately because we used linear interpolation then u at 25 bar and 68 degrees Celsius surely that's just going to be an easy look up in my compressed liquid tables I jump back to our compressed liquid tables I can see that at 25 bar I have a nice row for 68 degrees so oh man I don't so interpolation number two coming on up we are going to take 68 minus 40 divided by 80 minus 40 is equal to the internal energy at 68 degrees Celsius which I'm calling x for now minus the internal energy at 25 bar and 40 degrees Celsius 167.25 divided by the internal energy at 80 degrees Celsius and 25 bar which is 334.29 minus the internal energy at 40 degrees Celsius and 25 bar which is 167.25 and I can devalue of 284.178 284.178 okay so we are two thirds of the way through these intermediate stepping stone properties the third one then is going to be uf at 68 degrees Celsius I'm sure that'll be a nice look up and not at all an interpolation if we jump back to our saturation tables this would be temperature again and I find 68 degrees Celsius and I look for uf at 68 degrees Celsius and I see that we still don't have a row corresponding to 68 degrees Celsius in our saturation tables so I'm going to be using the same temperature proportion to interpolate that I used for the pressure so this is going to be 68 minus 65 divided by 70 minus 65 and that's equal to the thing that I'm looking for minus 272.02 divided by 292.95 minus 272.02 and I get 284.578 okay 284.578 kilojoules per kilogram okay now that I've done those three interpolations can actually get to u1 and I get here we go 1 minus 0.28726 divided by 25 minus 0.28726 and then I'm taking that equal to x minus 284.578 divided by 284.178 minus 284.578 and we get 284.566 okay so u1 is about 284.566 kilojoules per kilogram cool one interpolation done for the next one I'm going to be taking the condition at I believe it was 90 degrees Celsius yeah 90 and we're assuming it's still 100 kilopascals about so t2 is 90 degrees Celsius and p2 is about one bar still 100 kilopascals so u2 then going to be coming from our compressed liquid tables because it still has not yet reached the saturation temperature therefore it must be in the compressed liquid region so I'm going to have to set up the same interpolation that I did last time this time using one bar minus p sat at 90 degrees Celsius divided by 25 bar minus p sat at 90 degrees Celsius and I'm saying that's equal to u2 minus uf at 90 divided by the internal energy at 90 degrees Celsius and 25 bar minus uf at 90 degrees Celsius in this interpolation I know 1 I know 25 p sat at 90 I can get from my saturation tables if I jump over to the saturation tables by temperature scroll on down to 90 fortunately for me I have a pressure it is 0.7014 so I can populate that 0.7014 bar then the internal energy at 90 and 25 bar going to come from our compressed liquid tables 25 bar and 90 degrees Celsius man I don't have a row for that either so we're going to have to interpolate again that's going to be 90 minus 80 divided by 100 minus 80 and that proportion is equal to our internal energy which is what we're looking for minus the value at 80 334.29 divided by the value at 100 which is 418.24 minus the value at 80 which is 334.29 and with that I can finally get this number 376.265 and I can populate that 376.265 kilojoules per kilogram all I need now is uf at 90 degrees Celsius I'll go back to my tables navigate by temperature find 90 degrees Celsius thank fortune that I should have a row for 90 and I have 376.85 376.85 and with that I can perform the interpolation so if I set up another interpolation here this is one minus 0.7014 divided by 25 minus 0.7014 and I'm setting that equal to the value that we're looking for minus 376.85 divided by 376.265 minus 376.85 and I get a value of 376.843 so my delta u with option one is u2 minus u1 which is going to be 376.843 minus 284.8566 and we get 92.277 kilojoules per kilogram okay we got an answer how confident are we in that answer well I'm pretty confident in our math I mean we did like 10 interpolations but I'm confident that we did them correctly but think about the assumptions that we made to get to that number we assumed a pressure we assumed that the pressure was the same we assumed that we could use linear interpolation to approximate the values that means that we have n uncertainty in our result and that uncertainty may or may not be relevant to what we're doing depending on what we're doing but this number we might need a more accurate number for example if we were talking about how much energy was required to pasteurize milk that is a very precise temperature that we're trying to hit we would probably want to be accurate but the fact that this problem statement didn't give me much information implies that the precision of the result isn't super important I mean plus or minus a couple of percent is probably acceptable error so since we're already approximating by assuming a pressure and using linear interpolation it might be okay if we assume just a little bit more error in order to get a result that's close enough so the first approximation method that we will use is saying that when we're in the compressed liquid region comma and below the lowest pressure sub table we can probably get away with assuming that our properties are basically the same as the saturated liquid property at that temperature so essentially what we're doing here is neglecting the effects of pressure within the compressed liquid region close to the saturated liquid line and that logic is based on the observation that pressure doesn't have nearly as much effect on the properties in the compressed liquid region as does the temperature I mean if we jump over into our compressed liquid tables and get rid of the calculator for a second if I were to compare the internal energy at 25 bar and 80 degrees Celsius to the internal energy at 50 bar which is twice the pressure and 80 degrees Celsius they change by what a third of a percent maybe actually less than that half of a third of a percent like a sixth of a percent but if we compare 25 bar and 80 degrees Celsius to 25 bar and 100 degrees Celsius which is a proportion of temperature change that I can't do in my head I mean let's actually try that out 100 plus 273.15 divided by 80 plus 273.15 that's a difference of five percent changing the temperature five percent instead of doubling the pressure we are affecting the internal energy way more I mean that's a difference of like 80 kilojoules per kilogram so much more substantial is the temperatures effect on an internal energy than the pressures that we assume that the pressure has no effect that's the simplification that we are making in this shortcut and when we apply this shortcut then all we have to do to come up with delta u here is to say u1 is oh about the same as uf at 68 degrees Celsius and u2 is about the same as uf at 90 degrees Celsius so uf at those two temperatures is something that we can come up with relatively easily if I jump back into my saturation tables by temperature and find 68 and 90 I mean I still have to interpolate for the uf value at 68 degrees and just in the interest of comparing the amount of time spent here let's recompute that again so I'm saying this is 68 minus 65 divided by 70 minus 65 and we're calling that about the same as x minus 272.02 divided by 292.95 minus 272.02 and we get a uf value at 68 degrees Celsius of 284.578 and for the value at 90 we don't have to interpolate we can just look at it and we see that it is 376.85 376.85 now let's calculate a delta u that would be u2 which is 376.85 minus 284.578 and we get 92.272 so just for comparison here we did one interpolation instead of what like eight and we got a number that was within .005 kilojoules per kilogram do you think that's acceptable error I mean let's actually try computing that shall we that would be 92.272 minus 92.277 divided by 92.277 we have introduced an error of 0.005 percent I would argue that that uncertainty is within and the uncertainty that we had in this result in the first place because we performed a bunch of interpolations all of them were linear interpolations and we assumed a pressure don't forget that that assumption of pressure is going to have a huge result on our result if we were trying to increase the temperature of water in Colorado where the ambient pressure is going to be much lower than sea level or if we were looking at a situation like Amsterdam where perhaps it's higher than sea level that pressure is going to have a result on our answer so we can't even be that confident in this answer being the correct one the correct one being in heavy quotation marks there because we can only be as confident in our answer as we are about the information that we have in order to be able to build it that's why it's so important to list your assumptions when you're working through these problems anyway we incurred just a tiny bit of error in order to have an answer in two minutes instead of 20 minutes I would argue that that's acceptable error but wait we're not done let's go another step further let's look at how internal energy varies as a function of temperature if I were to plot that out to scale which I have done for you we can see that the internal energy of water plotted as a function of temperature looks like this so where are we on this spot oh we're we're way down here we're talking about a difference in internal energy between this temperature and this temperature now what observation can you make about that relationship it looks very nearly linear right so one of the assumptions that we can make when we are talking about approximating this result is that that relationship is in fact linear and in order to be able to describe that a little bit better let's introduce a concept and that concept is heat capacity when we are talking about heat capacity what we are describing is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree and just like how we describe specific internal energy and specific enthalpy a little bit more usefully than total internal energy and total enthalpy it is often more convenient for us to describe a specific heat capacity and specific heat capacity is heat capacity divided by mass which is the energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the substance by one degree and the variable we use to abbreviate heat capacity is c so if i were to start a table here i can say heat capacity can describe a couple of different things for liquids and i should add that this is incompressible liquids and solids and the way that we define heat capacity for incompressible liquids and solids is with the derivative of internal energy with respect to temperature and when it's an uppercase value like this that's total heat capacity is the derivative of total internal energy with respect to temperature and specific heat capacity which would be in lower case c would be the derivative of specific internal energy with respect to temperature again uppercase is total heat capacity which we almost never use lower case c is specific heat capacity which we are going to use all the time and the reason it is so useful is because we can describe del u as c del t so if we were able to integrate we could determine a delta u that delta u would be the integral of c as a function of temperature with respect to temperature so option two on our list of shortcuts which is also option two on our list of options would be to determine how the specific heat capacity varies as a function of temperature and integrate there are lines of best fit based on empirical data out there for a lot of different substances you can approximate the specific heat capacity at any temperature by connecting dots that we've established based on recordings of how the temperature changes as you are adding or decreasing energy but it gets even better if we assume specific heat capacity is not a function of temperature at which point it comes out of the integral so if i jump back to this plot of internal energy and temperature for water we see that that relationship especially in the liquid region i mean here let me zoom in on that liquid region that relationship is perhaps a slight curve i mean maybe the slope of that line is a function of temperature but i would argue that it probably is close enough to being aligned that we could get away with calling it a line in most circumstances so if we assume if we assume the specific heat capacity is not a function of temperature or we could say if we assume specific heat capacity is constant then it comes out of the integral at which point i just have the integral of u is equal to c times the integral of delta t delta u is equal to c delta t and the specific heat capacity for a substance can be looked up where do we look it up you ask where do we look up anything in our tables in our tables specifically if we jump over to table a 19 we can see the specific heat capacity that would be indicated here as a cp instead of just a c for reasons that will make a little bit more sense later on specific heat capacity here for a variety of substances including but not limited to water at different temperatures is going to be oh i don't know 4.211 or 4.179 or 4.182 they do change as a function of temperature but not by much if we're willing to accept a little bit of error we could assume that it's constant it doesn't change as a function of temperature and just multiply this number by our delta t now the question becomes which value do we use the best thing to do here would be to use the value that is closest to halfway between our temperatures so halfway between 68 and 90 is going to be 79 right so 79 degrees Celsius plus 273.15 is 352.15 so yeah we could interpolate between 4.195 and 4.22 but why we are already approximating it would be pointless for us to try to be that precise about our approximation does that make sense we are incurring the error the uncertainty by assuming that it doesn't change as a function of temperature so using 4.195 five instead of 4.195 it's probably going to be unnecessary precision like we're already approximating we might as well approximate we wanted to be precise we would be precise anyway so then if i'm using 4.195 kilojoules per kilogram kelvin and i multiply by a temperature difference in kelvin which would be 90 minus 68 i get 92.29 now we got in our previous iterations 92.277 and 92.272 so again let's calculate a percent error here 92.29 minus 92.277 about by 92.277 do you think that's close enough and the answer is yeah it is for this circumstances probably just fine because we weren't that confident in this number anyway the circumstances of the problem are going to be what you use to infer how important precision is for now for our exams i will probably hint very heavy-handedly what direction i'm looking for you to go in in the real world it would depend on the circumstances of your problem what is your safety factor how precise do you need to be in this calculation what other things are you assuming and how much error are you incurring by making those assumptions anyway so assuming heat capacity is constant is our third option for evaluating delta u and delta h for our purposes in this class we are only going to be using options one or three we are not going to be using option two at all and that's because we don't have good data for how specific heat capacity of water changes as a function of temperature other than just using these data points and trying to connect them so if we're going to approximate we're going to approximate and if we're going to not approximate we are going to try to not approximate those are our two directions does that make sense so for our purposes i'm only expecting you to use options one and three and which one is better or worse in which circumstances is something that you'll get the hang of the only hard and fast rules that you need to know are option three becomes less accurate the further apart your temperatures are and you can never evaluate delta u or delta h using option three across a phase change because doing so neglects the latent energy associated with that phase change i mean if i jump back to this plot here this vertical distance right here that's the latent energy associated with going from liquid water to vapor water that latent energy would be neglected if you looked up the slope of this line and then used this temperature difference between here and here right because he would just he would tell you this vertical distance was your change in internal energy and you would neglect this huge latent energy associated with the change in phase also while we're here let me just point out look at how much bigger the latent energy is going from liquid to vapor then the sensible energy to go from zero degree Celsius to 100 degree Celsius that energy required to take liquid water at a constant pressure from zero degree Celsius to its boiling point freezing point all the way to its boiling point is what like a fifth of the energy required to change the phase once it gets to the boiling point that's why when you put water on the stove and you bring it to a boil it takes way longer to actually all boil than it does to get to boiling in the first place it's because of the fact that this is so much bigger than that sensible energy change anyway those hard and fast rules are all you need to know for now you'll get the hang of whether or not to assume constant specific heats based on the circumstances as we go forward before we go forward though let me pad out our definitions of our specific heat capacity a little bit more for incompressible liquids and solids there is only one heat capacity it is c and the book calls it cp and again the reason for that will make a little bit more sense in just a second here when we are talking about substances solids and liquids do not make up all of the substances that we analyze instead we have to also define a value for gases and for gases we do not just use one specific heat capacity we use two a heat capacity add a constant pressure and a heat capacity add a constant volume and the reason that we use those two values is to establish kind of a border case i mean if you imagine that you were heating up a rigid container the amount of energy would take to increase the energy of this rigid container would be delta u because it's at a constant volume now if you compare that to the amount of energy it would take to heat up a piston cylinder arrangement that was allowed to move up and down in order to keep the pressure constant the heat coming in would go into the delta u but it would also go into the boundary work and if we defined the boundary work as the boundary work of an isobaric process then the boundary work in this particular instance would be pressure times change in volume so if we added together the total change in internal energy plus pressure times change in volume then we would end up with change in total enthalpy and if we were describing the specific heat capacity associated with that then we would not need to describe that on a specific basis therefore the relevant parameter would be specific enthalpy does that make sense when you are heating up a process with a constant volume all of your energy goes into delta u or more of your energy goes into delta u whereas if you are heating up a process at a constant pressure some of the energy goes into the delta u some of it goes into boundary work so it appears to take more energy to increase the temperature because you're not getting all of a return on your investment does that make sense these are the two border cases we establish one for internal energy one for a change in enthalpy and those are based on analyzing a constant volume process and a constant pressure process and that's why we add this p and v to indicate that we are analyzing a constant pressure process and a constant volume process so the specific heat capacity for constant pressure is defined as the partial derivative of specific enthalpy with respect to temperature but only when the pressure is constant and the specific heat capacity for constant volume is defined as the partial derivative of internal energy with respect to temperature but only when the volume is constant that's gases and specifically that's real gases if we make the simplification for ideal gases this gets a little bit easier yet that's based on the fact that for an ideal gas we say internal energy is only a function of temperature pressure doesn't affect it it is only a function of temperature there is empirical data to reinforce that but for now we're just saying that specific internal energy is only a function of temperature and because for an ideal gas specific enthalpy is specific internal energy plus pressure time specific volume and we can make the substitution that pressure times specific volume is equal to r times t because of the ideal gas law pressure times total volume is equal to mass times specific gas constant times temperature which we could write as pressure times specific volume because we're replacing volume over mass with specific volume is equal to specific gas constant and times temperature. Now all of a sudden, we have a function of temperature, we have a constant, and we have a function of temperature. Therefore, specific enthalpy is also only a function of temperature. So for ideal gases, specific internal energy and specific enthalpy are only functions of temperature. As a side note, you may have noticed that in your property tables, you have properties for ideal air in the same way that you have properties for water. But this table is much more straightforward. There's only temperature. The reason that you are looking up specific enthalpy and specific internal energy is a function of temperature is because they're only functions of temperature. You don't have to worry about what the pressure is. There's no pressure sub-tables. We're not splitting it into different phases. It's just ideal gases. Specific enthalpy and specific internal energy is a function of temperature. Anyway, because specific enthalpy and specific internal energy are only functions of temperature, then, for ideal gases, specifically, this requirement is not necessary. And this changes from a partial derivative to a regular derivative. So it doesn't matter if the pressure is constant or if the volume is constant. Cp and Cv have to do with enthalpy or temperature. Again, for an ideal gas, Cp is defined as dH dt, Cv is defined as du dt. So if you're in a situation with an ideal gas where you have assumed constant specific heats and you need to substitute Cp delta t or Cv delta t, which one you use is not dependent on if you have a volume or pressure that is constant. It is dependent entirely on if you have a delta H or a delta U. Right somewhere into your brain, H goes to P, U goes to V. The way that I would encourage that is by remembering Harry Potter and Ultraviolet. H goes to P, U goes to V. These are our definitions of specific heat capacity. Depending on what our phase is, and if we've assumed that a gas is ideal or not, we may be able to use two different specific heat capacities and they might just be a function of temperature, or we might just have one specific heat capacity to rule them all.


Hello good morning ma'am. Good morning ma'am. Good morning all. Ma'am you can start with your introduction. Okay ma'am. Good morning to all the dignitaries and all the participants. I, Varsha Parathwar, welcome you for the NPTEL awareness e-workshop. On the behalf of Siddhi College of Pharmacy, it gives me immense pleasure to welcome our today's resource person, Priyadarshani ma'am from NPTEL IIT Madras. I welcome all the members from our management SSP Sikshan Sound Style. I welcome our chairman, Mr. S.D. Patil sir and our principal doctor, P. N. Sabali sir. I welcome our faculty members and our students joined for this e-workshop. Once again I welcome all the participants and all the dignitaries. Thank you. Now I request our academic in-charge ma'am, Mrs. Vidya Thorath. A very warm welcome to all the dignitaries and our beloved students. I, Vidya Thorath assistant professor, H.D. of Pharmaceuticals department would like to enlighten the journey of Siddhi College of Pharmacy. Siddhi College of Pharmacy established in 2019. SSP Sikshan Sound Style is held by chairperson, S.P. Patil sir. Siddhi College of Pharmacy is located in the time area of PCMC. The college has brilliant infrastructure and all the needed facilities as per the government norms. College is affiliated to D-Battu, AICT, DTE, PCI, MSBT and the Government of Maharashtra. Siddhi College of Pharmacy offers full-time 4 years degree program in a B Pharmacy and 2 years diploma program in a D Pharmacy. The college is efficiently working under the guidance of our principal, Dr. P. N. Sabali sir. The management and the principal sir has always been supportive in encouraging the barren streams for the development of our students. With this brief introduction about the Siddhi College of Pharmacy, we would like to invite P. Darshan and Ma'am to start with the session. P. Darshan ma'am please. Thank you Ma'am. Okay, so many of you may be familiar with this logo. This is the NPTEL logo. We'll start off with it. So NPTEL is today a lot of initiatives put together. It's not just about creating courses and putting it up on the website. But we have certification, not just certification for one course, but it is also clubbing courses together to make it into a domain. For faculty, we have FDP courses which fetch you career points. Then we have internship opportunity for students. We have a soft-skilled training going on for local chapter students and so on. So this is what this presentation will talk about. Okay, so you might have all heard about these two terms NPTEL and SWAYAM. So SWAYAM is a project of the ministry, the government of India MHRD. And they created this in 2017 and said that all these agencies that you see below, IAM, Bangalore, UGC, CEC, NCRT, NITR, AICT, they all have to offer courses for certification under SWAYAM. So NPTEL is also a national coordinator under SWAYAM. We primarily offer courses in engineering, the UG level, the bachelor's level, the MTech ME level, some PhD level courses also. But since we have courses that are there in the management and humanities division inside IITs, we offer that also on NPTEL. NPTEL also coordinates with some institutes like the ISERS to offer, say, the physics, chemistry, mathematics courses. We work with the triple ITs. We work with National Law School, Bangalore. We work with some medical institutions to offer medical-related courses. So maybe 90% of our courses will be engineering-related humanities management and 10% is something else we help. So NPTEL comes under SWAYAM and we coordinate this primarily. There are other agencies also. So one thing to remember, when you are going to SWAYAM.gov.in and you try to enroll to any course or you try to join any course, please check whether the national coordinator is NPTEL if you want to join the NPTEL course. Because if you just search for, say, a database management systems course, right? Maybe there is some other college also offering it with somebody else's coordinating. So the course name that we offer will also be database management system. There's will also be that possibly. So how do you actually differentiate if it's an NPTEL course? On every course card, we will have a logo of NPTEL. I showed you when we come there, but you can check that and then you can join the course. That is something that you have to look out for. NPTEL started in 2003. The vision mission that we have had is to record the content that is being taught to IIT students and put it out for anybody to watch and view so that nobody can say, I didn't get a chance to prepare for IITs. I am not in the IITs today. I cannot get access to their knowledge to their teaching. Hence, you know, I denied this opportunity. Nobody can say that today. More than 2000 courses we have in our repository. You can go there and you can actually access the courses for free. You can just go there. You can scroll. You can watch all the videos. We have more than 50,000 hours of video in our website. You can access all that for free. There is no charge. There is no free fee at all to access our content. Okay. There's somebody who's asking is NPTEL useful for students of LLB. So National Law School Bangalore NLSIU is offering two courses. I think in Jan, I don't know if we have in July, we had two courses. I think and more are coming in that. So specific to law, we do have a couple of courses. IIT Kharagpur has a law department. So from there, we have some courses coming in. But otherwise you can access the general courses that we have also say on management or English. Those might be useful to you. Yeah. So whenever you think of a website, right? What really do you look out for? Say how many people access that website? How much content do we have in a YouTube also whenever we go to and watch a YouTube video or a YouTube channel? One of the things we look at is how many people have watched that video or how many subscribers are there in that channel? Correct. So this is the NPTEL statistics. We have more than 1.3 billion views of the NPTEL videos. Okay. So this is like huge, huge for a technical channel which has no entertainment. You can't call NPTEL videos as entertainment. There is no song and dance or something. It's all faculty from the IITs, IAC teaching serious stuff there. And for that, we have more than 1.3 billion views. We have 37 lakh subscribers on our YouTube channel. So any of you has not subscribed to our channel today. I think I would say you're missing out on something. Go to our YouTube channel, subscribe for our updates so that you get it. Go to our social media handles, subscribe to our social media handles so that you get the latest updates from NPTEL. And this is where we are today as of NPTEL. Okay. So these are what we do at NPTEL today. And if you do an NPTEL course, what is the use of it? So the very first point is credit transfer. I was just talking to Dr. Satish also about it and said that maybe we should try to see whether students can get credit transfer for the courses that you do from NPTEL. But yes, even if you don't get credit transfer, I think you get a lot of knowledge from NPTEL courses. For instance, say what are the kind of courses we have that we would recommend to students in your college, correct? So we will say that we have a lot of programming courses. So we have programming and C, C++, Python, Java programming and all that. So if you are say a BSE Physics student or a BA English student, maybe a B-Com student, as part of your program in the college, you would not be learning programming possibly. So you can go to NPTEL. You can learn the programming course. You can learn a bit of programming and also get that certificate along with your program.  They will have some kind of coding that is there. They will have some kind of software they're using for within their company. It's good for y'all to know at least something about it. That is the first part. The other thing, what are the other courses we have that is useful for you? If you're planning for higher education, you want to go in for a master's degree. Supposing you want to strengthen your fundamentals, your foundations. You want to maybe do some more courses from other institutes so that you're confident when you're attending interviews. Those courses will be available on NPTEL. So we have all the UG undergraduate courses. You can go through that. You don't even have to write the exam for each of these courses. You can just go through the videos. Try solving problems. You can watch many videos. Try to get knowledge from it and strengthen your foundation. So if you're going for higher education, I would say the courses are really useful. So first thing I'll say, try something like programming courses. Then you go in for higher education. Probably you want to try and strengthen your fundamentals. The third thing, try to learn something that is of interest to you, which you possibly cannot learn otherwise. For instance, we have courses on German language. Teaching you German, teaching you Japanese, teaching you Sanskrit. So if you want to learn any of these, you can come to NPTEL and learn. So for instance, German is taught only by maybe the Goethe Institute and maybe some other institutes. Here the same course is taught, but it is free for you. And if you want a certificate, you can write the exam. But otherwise too, you can learn the German language for free. Same thing, you can learn Japanese language. Why are these useful? Maybe you go to a company that has branches in Germany, Japan. They have opportunities for people to go there, but you need to know the language. So at that point, this becomes very useful for you. So you can try to learn other languages also through NPTEL courses. Okay, maybe you're technically very strong. You have good foundations. You have good knowledge in your particular program. But maybe your English is not very good. So for instance, you're not confident about speaking. We have a lot of courses like soft skills development, soft skills enhancement, how to attend an interview, the body language that you have to have when attending an interview, interpersonal communication skills, leadership skills. So we have a lot of courses like this that you can also go through. It will give you a lot of tips on how to present yourself, how to ready yourself for such situations so that having the knowledge to be confident when you talk to somebody and you are presenting or being in an interview. So that's another set of NPTEL courses that we have as part of what we offer. So anybody who wants to learn, I think should be able to get at least two or three courses of their interest that they can join and learn. Joining is free. Like I said, there is no fee at all. It is all completely free and you can watch it. There are no live classes. These are all recorded lectures. So you can watch at your convenience. If your college time is say 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. or something, in the evening you have time. You can sit and watch NPTEL lectures. On Saturday, Sunday, you can watch it. There will be one assignment every week. You have to solve the assignment and you have to submit it. So that also you get 10 days of time. So you can watch the lectures. You can try solving the assignment. Maybe a couple of you friends are joining the same course. You can all sit together. You can learn from each other. You can solve together, take help from your teachers and you can do the NPTEL courses. So there is no such thing as there will be live lectures. Maybe you will miss a few lectures because you have college or something. It is all video lectures along with assignment. So the first part is credit transfer and learning from our courses. Apart from it, if you do very well, maybe we should go to the next slides. So this is the credit transfer. I don't want to discuss too much about this because I think your university doesn't have credit transfers. So I will skip this slide. So credit transfer just as a piece of information for maybe the faculty who are out here. IATs do do credit transfer from NPTEL courses. We do it at the BTEC level. We do it at the master's level for PhD working professionals. We do them to get credit transfer. Also we do it. So IATs also do credit transfer from NPTEL courses. It is not just the outside colleges that have to do ourselves do credit transfer from NPTEL courses. This is an important thing I would say. So we have a program by which the toppers in the courses actually get internship opportunity with the faculty in the IATs. So whoever has offered that course, they take in normally about two, three, five interns during summer or winter if you are a topper in the course. So if you do a course very well and you become a topper in the certification course, then we give you an opportunity to intern with the faculty. So we are trying to scale up these numbers. COVID hit us also so we could not get them. But we hope it will be at least 200, 300 students who can intern at the IATs with the faculty. So this is a wonderful opportunity for you to come and stay in the city, be in the IAT Madras or IAT Kanpur or IAT Kharagpur or IAT Bombay lab. You get to interact with the faculty members there. You interact with their PhD scholars there. You can do all of this, which will be wonderful if you're especially thinking about going for higher studies. You'll get the idea of what is done in these institutes. I think it's a really good opportunity for students outside of the IATs to come in and experience the IATs here. So there is internship. Then we also do soft skill training. So there are many colleges who provide it on their own, but there are also some colleges who do not have this training for the students. So if college students in local chapters, they participate in NPTEL courses, then for those students, we are providing soft skill training. So this training is of two types. We do a one week training or we do a two week training depending on how much time the student can spare and the college also wants the students to do. So here we have group discussion practice. We ask you to write your resume and we give input on the resume. We ask you all to present about yourselves, give feedback about how you should talk, where you should look, your body language and so on. And there are also a one on one. Like every student will get half an hour with a trainer to discuss about how they should also do. On the outside photo you see is a one on one where we do mock interviews. We try to simulate an interview and see how you're responding and then give feedback on how you should do better in your interview. So we do soft skill training for students who do NPTEL courses. So this is something that we do from NPTEL again. If you look at numbers, we have finished soft skill training for more than 2000 students currently and we are doing about 10 colleges a month and we hope to scale it up. So if you're... I don't know if Pedderpally College has done it, but yes, we can extend it to y'all also and we can get it done. Okay. So there's a 7 or 14 day training program that I was talking about. Next. Okay. So somebody was asking, will we get jobs with these NPTEL courses? How is it helpful to us? And so on. When we do surveys of NPTEL students and where they have gotten placed, these are the companies that they have gotten placed so far. This is like some of the companies are... It's not all the companies that they've gotten placed for, but they have said that the NPTEL courses have really helped them when they went for the interviews. When they show a certificate to the interviewer and say, I did a course with the IITs, I got so much marks in that course, it really does help in the job interview. So those people also ask questions on that, assuming you've studied well and you can answer, it will definitely help you that outside of the college syllabus, you have done something more to learn and skill yourself. Also, companies approach us and ask us, do we have students in particular areas that we can send them their resumes? So we also collect resumes of students on our site. And if they're interested, we send these out to the companies and the companies call them for interviews, go through their levels of recruitment. And we have been able to place NPTEL students from our side also in some companies. So we are still working on it. I hope this will increase. We are talking with more companies on this front. But otherwise, even if you have like two or three courses from NPTEL and the certificates for it, I think it will be hugely useful because of the logos we put on the certificate. The next one, there are a lot of students, learners, faculty who do multiple courses with us. There are people who do the courses, maybe they do three courses in a semester, four courses in a semester. They are toppers into our three courses every semester. There are people who have done a lot of courses with us. I'll maybe show you the data in the next one. But this is another type of recognition we give to NPTEL learners. So you can go to NPTEL website and at the top we have a link called NPTEL stars. So click on that link, click on any of this. You will see how many people are actually doing multiple courses with us. So if students are thinking, oh, I don't have time and I'm so busy, I can't do it, you should just see these pages to see how come these people who are working professionals, who are students in colleges just like you or who are maybe, you know, studying or faculty or something, how are they able to get the time to do so many courses? If they can get the time, I think anybody can get the time, right?  So this page I would say, please go and see. So these are the kind of domain scholars, superstars, evangelists and all we have. We have more than about 3000 as I can just calculate on the fly that we are going to have these people doing multiple courses and they are NPTEL stars with us today. So there is something called domain certification that we have currently come up with in the last two years. So what is a domain, right? So a domain we have created just to club courses together and maybe about five or six courses we have put together. And we say that if you study this six courses and you get more than 60 in the course in each course not just pass it by getting a 40 then you get a domain scholar certificate. So why is this important? This is important because it shows that you have specialized in a particular area. So for instance, we have a programming domain. So in the programming domain we have courses such as C, C++, Python database management course and then maybe cloud computing course and so on. So if you do a programming domain and you do all the six courses it shows that you have a solid foundation in this particular area. So when you go for an interview and you actually show a domain certificate versus just one or two certificates from us that will make more of an impact on the interviewing person. So this is something we recommend. It is more just to guide students on what to study to become and specialize in one particular area. We found that many NPTEL learners do four or five courses but they do random courses that are not connected to each other. So this domain will guide you in what to study if you want to specialize in a particular area. We have about 53 domains today in all branches of engineering, management, English and for faculty we have a faculty domain basic and advanced also so that you can also go through that part of it. So you can go to our website there are more details on domains there. We can talk about it later too. So these are some of the domains we have. So for you it might be relevant the English studies we have a domain psychology we have a domain management we have it in marketing operations, patents and intellectual property and economics and of course engineering and all we have a couple of domains. So if you're a general student not an engineering student I would recommend the programming domain for you if you want to try out something do the programming domain or do the management domain that would be really useful for you. So if you're an engineering student of course you can try any of the domains you haven't in your particular discipline or engineering or you can do a cross discipline. So for instance I'm a maybe mechanical engineer I like electrical engineering you can actually do the courses in electrical engineering and you can get a domain from there. So here nobody stops you and says hey you are in mechanical engineering department you cannot study electrical engineering say power systems course power electronics course you are not allowed to study that there is no such thing like that. Anybody can study any course as long as you can cope with it so you can also do a cross department study by doing domains from any of what is listed here. This is what a domain certificate looks like we give this we list all the courses you have done and we sign it out of course from the specific IIT that we are giving it from. So how do we do lab courses is it online not really we do it in the institutes we do it in various institutes such as ICERS IIT you can come here you can stay for a week at the institute you can do the lab experiments you can listen to faculty giving one or two lectures in the day and then do a lab exam and take a certificate. So what is the advantage of this you will get to see really modern labs you will get to see what the state of the art labs are in these institutes you can see the equipment that is there the modern equipment that is there you can see the advanced research that is happening here you can interact and get explained on all this equipment so we had very successful labs being run at all these places this is a wonderful opportunity again if you do the theory course in NPTEL those people we will permit that you can apply and come for these lab certification courses and you can do the workshops here okay so that was the idea behind the question we asked you what else do we do at NPTEL this is for faculty in colleges so faculty in colleges under the AICT scheme we explicitly have an MOU with them where NPTEL advanced courses if you do and pass you will get an AICT approved FTP certificate so that is for faculty in AICT colleges for those under the UGC scheme they have given a broad guideline that if you do swyme courses there will be some career progression points but the actual logistics I am not sure you will have to check within your university so that is something that is there but we see that more than about 20-30,000 faculty write our exams every semester and most of them apply for the FTP certificates also this is very very useful for faculty I will say because you don't have to spend money you don't have to take leave you don't have to miss your college work and go to some institute stay for a week or stay for 10 days and then do an FTP course you can do the FTP course online itself just like the students you join for free on swyme portal you go through the course submit assignments and then you pay the 1000 rupees and attend the final exam and get your certificate once you get your certificate you can apply for the FTP certificate to us and get back to that's all it takes to do an FTP course with us today so this is very important for faculty I hope this is clear this is what the FTP certificate looks like you can see that it has the signature of the director from AICT also there is a regulation under which they have approved this AICT logos there so this you can present when you are going in for your promotion interviews the conversion that they do is a four week NPTEL course is equivalent to half FTP of one week an eight week NPTEL course is a full FTP of one week and a 12 week course is equivalent to one and a half weeks FTP equivalent so this is the equivalence of it okay the next thing I wanted to talk about was gate coaching so we have started a new link on our website and somebody has given us CSR money for developing this and providing whatever I wouldn't call it coaching but yes gate preparation whatever we can help students with to have and prepare for gate exams free again we are trying to do from our side so you can go here and we have given to all the previous gate questions we have given videos solving those questions we have extra questions that are coming up practice questions that will be coming up small courses linking all the videos that are relevant to gates so we will be coming up phase one is only over phase two and phase three we will be coming up within the next six months so keep watching this link on NPTEL website if you are preparing for the gate exam this is one new initiative we have come up with the next initiative exams outside of India so till 2020 we were doing exams only in India where you have to go to a centre and you have to write it and then we got a lot of requests from people outside of India saying they also study from NPTEL courses and they want to write exams with us so now we help to do that also people outside India can also write exams NPTEL exams and get certificates from us so translation is the next effort so for people who are asking in what languages do we offer courses the faculty teach only in English for now but the English transcripts we translate into eight languages so we do Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada Hindi, Gujarati Bengali and Marathi so that's the languages that we are translating it into so Telugu we have a lot of transcripts that are translated into Telugu language so the faculty will talk in English but you can also read what we have translated in Telugu or Tamil or Hindi whatever is your language and you can understand it better we are keeping the videos in English so that you also learn English because when you go to work somewhere English will be the primary language you have to communicate in so this is something we are doing one or two courses we are getting in regional language for instance this time in January we are doing a machine learning course in Tamil language the faculty is going to teach in Tamil language there is a signals and systems course that is coming out in Hindi language in July semester we are getting an R programming course in Hindi language so only two or three we have most are in English we don't have too many other language courses so that's something you can check let me take a question from the chat there are one or two saying I am from commerce background I am from B.com what courses we can take so for B.com students we do have a lot of accounts related courses you can check those out go to management department I will show you how to filter and learn from it you can go there and you can see how to do it so you can check out management related courses in which we have accounts related commerce economics related courses that's something you can learn or if you are learning all that anyway in your college I would strongly recommend programming courses for you all learn at least one programming language to know what is programming how do people program whether you write the exam or not I would say please write the exam but yes even if you don't write the exam do the assignment see whether you can do something about it or if you are not doing that I would propose the English courses I would propose the you know the German language or the Japanese language course that you can learn from those are what we have quite a few for you to choose from I would say more than 100 we would have for B.com level students at least so these are translation how many courses we have in each language so in Telugu we have 48 courses that are translated for now so that's what we have we have also something called special lecture series so we also have industry people come in and present lectures so these are again free to watch very interesting topics very very distinguished people who come and present lectures these are vice president, CEO CTOs of companies like IBM Capgemini, Infosys that we've had in the past IAS who have come and spoken to us film directors who's come and spoken to us journalist in the Hindu a director at Hindu entrepreneurs so I would really say you should go and watch these lectures when you have time even if you missed it last year it's okay but listening to such people is very inspirational you know what they have done how they have worked how they have brought up new companies how they started a company where did they get their idea from these are all really interesting to listen to I would say please go back and listen to some of these lectures it will give you a tremendous amount of information knowledge and maybe there'll be some topic to talk about also when somebody asks you something it will widen your knowledge base okay this is something that you can see and if you're wondering saying how many students study how many courses right maybe you think some students study only one or two courses and that's all we can do that's what is useful right look at this there is one learner who has done 47 NPTEL exams with us that's as good as a degree program or more than the degree program that all of you are doing how many courses you'll do there I don't know maybe if you're doing a BSE it's 6 into 6 maybe 36 courses or if it's a BTEC also if I say 6 courses per semester it's about 48 so he's then equivalent to that okay so there is one learner who has done 47 exams 34 exams 33 exams 32 exams and so on so you can see maximum people yes 5.6 lakhs do one exam but there are 1.4 lakhs who are doing 2 exams 48,000 doing 3 and if you look up to 10 exams even right lot of them are doing 10 exams 8 exams with us so maybe you should think about and plan for how you're going to study which courses you're going to do as you are in college and every semester try to do at least one or two NPTEL courses and finish with a certificate that will be really nice that you can do that with your college okay this is something we wanted to say who are these people who are doing these courses they are employed they are faculty members they are students all people like you so it's not like these people come suddenly from somewhere or they are also special they are so privileged nothing like that they are there in all towns in all kinds of environment they also have their constraints but they are also studying from these courses and doing multiple courses okay this is what the certificate looks like it has the swyam logo and it has the okay it has the NPTEL logo this was then it has your photo on the certificate it has as you can see the elite tag the gold medal we just put it here to say if you fall under these categories you can see all these coming on your certificate then the institutes the IT Madras offers the course at the bottom where the institute logo and round this foot you can see IT Madras logo there IT Madras the name will be put there signatures from our site will come and so on so this is the way that you can see how the certificate looks we had 20 lakh people who joined our courses in January semester 20 lakhs who joined our July semester and in 2021 we had 16 lakhs who joined the Jan semester 16 lakhs who joined our July semester so it's not 5000 it's not 10000 it's not 1 lakh like I'm seeing on the chat window here but it is 16 lakhs who was our enrollment number last semester out of these exams those who have written over the last 5 years it is 15.1 lakh people have registered for exams with us and they've gotten so our total enrollment in NPTEL today is 1.58 crores over the last 7 years from when we are running this certification project we have finished 3500 courses almost and enrollment is 1.58 crores 15 lakhs exam registration that's the thing so you can see how big NPTEL is NPTEL is not something that we are doing 100 200 500 people or something like that every semester when we conduct exams in March and April it's 3 lakh people who write our exams so that's the level at which we do we conduct exams all over the country in about 170 cities we conduct exams outside India like we said so this is our data so if somebody tells you okay I haven't heard of NPTEL you should really tell them saying that 15 lakh people enroll every semester and 3 lakh people write exams how come you're missing out you know that's the answer I will give them okay you can see a lot of feedback about NPTEL on our social media handles we keep regularly posting about it we are present on instagram on facebook on youtube community and you can see all the feedback that we have posted there about people who have gotten jobs people have gotten through the soft skill training who have done our courses course feedback everything is available here so do subscribe to our social media handle okay I'll just give a brief on NPTEL local chapter because I don't know how many of you are faculty from different colleges who are not a local chapter with us so NPTEL works with about 4500 colleges today across the country and we have co-ordinators in each of these colleges who are called a single point of contact or Sparks and through them is how we are so successful so thanks to all the local chapters Sparks whoever is watching this workshop today was not watching the workshop today whoever is anywhere they are the champions for NPTEL within the colleges without them I don't think NPTEL would have grown so much so thanks to all the Sparks of the local chapters and I would like to just briefly say how you can become a local chapter if there's somebody watching who's not at a local chapter so to become an NPTEL local chapter there is no money involved there is no financial dealing you just need to send us an email saying that you want to become a local chapter there's a Google form in the website fill it up and we need a co-ordinator in your college who will be our local champion so the head of the institution the director the principal whoever has to send an email saying that we would like to become a local chapter and so on so will be the single point of contact for NPTEL and that's all once we receive the email we verify some details and we will make you a local chapter so why should you become a local chapter can students and faculty from colleges who are not local chapters participate in NPTEL yes totally you can participate you can be a free learner you can learn from our courses without belonging to a local chapter but having a local chapter in a college is a big advantage there are logins that the single point of contact to the Sparks has one is a login on swyem portal one is a login on our NPTEL website and here they get information related to enrolment exam registration the marks the transcripts the certificates all of this is given to the Sparks directly that they can actually see and they can share with their management also the other benefits are if we don't have a center in your particular city you can request for that if they have more than 200 people writing exams we can facilitate centers in your particular city faculty can become mentors you can follow the progress of your students in the colleges that you can do another important thing I will say is we have CSR support from companies who also give us money to help students from economically weaker backgrounds to write exams so this fee waiver we give only to local chapters so if you are a local chapter and you have students who come from economically weak backgrounds if they are doing NPTEL courses writing exams once they pass it we will refund 50% of the fee to them based on the colleges recommendation so that is something that you can do also all this data that we give to the Sparks can be directly shared with bodies such as NAC and NBM when they come for accreditation and you can say that we are showing this data inside your dashboard that has also been very helpful for colleges is what we came to know these are local chapters that we have this is a statewide distribution I think Maharashtra is the highest followed by Tam Nadu and of course Telangana comes in maybe 7th position with 234 local chapters currently okay every semester we also we have some few local chapters outside of India and some countries they are not very active but yes they do keep using our courses as they can we also rate local chapters every semester based on the participation from their side in the particular semester so how many people have become toppers how many people have written exams how many people have you know done well based on it we also rank and rate the college local chapters and we publish this list publicly on our website every semester other interactions with local chapter people we do soft skill training like I already spoke about it we take help of people here to go to exam centers as our representatives faculty can help in translation efforts and yes like I said we rate it and we give recognition to the spark and the college also every semester so these are certificates that we give them based on the formula that we have to the college and the spark yeah these are other categories that we have on based on faculty participation based on how local chapters improve semester after semester there's a separate category for art science colleges also yeah star LC who have been in the top 10 or top 100 over the last four years that's something that we have done that's it as a presentation that we had today so I hope you learned about NPTEL about what we do here the NPTEL office the head office is in IIT Madras we have our head office here about 70 people work in NPTEL office in IIT Madras we have smaller offices in IIT Kanpur, IIT Kharappur, IIT Roorkee, IIT Gauhati Bombay Delhi and ISE Bangalore also and we all work together to keep this project going it's one of the most successful inter institutional project that eight institutes come together to work on this project and kind of run it without a break and to kind of offer 2,000 courses that we have today that's what we want to say so my suggestion and you can say maybe I'm old enough to advise all the young students out here also is try out NPTEL courses today go and go to Swayam website join a few courses learn from it sample the videos there you may or may not be able to follow certain videos you may not like certain courses maybe some courses are difficult it's okay you can drop off it is not like a college course that once you join a course you have to be in that course you have to complete that course otherwise somebody will think something somebody will ask you something or maybe a paid fees that will get wasted there is nothing like that in an NPTEL course so you can join in in 5 courses you can join in in 10 courses and you can try out one video you can see what you are interested in and then shortlist it to maybe one or two courses follow it up see whether you are able to do assignments maybe it even comes down to one course in a semester but follow it till the end do all the assignments watch all the videos register for the exam do the exam and become a talker in it I think that's something that is very very doable I hope you were able to get that message as we presented in the last one and a half hours that is what we were trying to tell you that don't be afraid that these courses are from IITs I cannot do it it will be very difficult there are 15 lakh people who have written exams with us so far it is not like all of them are coming out from IITs or they are all very well accomplished they are all coming from highly studious backgrounds nothing like that they are also students just like you in any college what you need is the interest to study what you need is the motivation you have to put out time it is not like two days before the NPTEL exam let me study and get a certificate you will not get a certificate every week you have to watch videos every week you have to do the assignment then you can definitely get a certificate so you need hard work and it will pay off but it is not like I cannot do it there is no such thing as I cannot do an NPTEL course anybody can do an NPTEL course we showed you people from 86 years doing NPTEL courses we showed you people from all nook and corners of the country doing NPTEL courses local language translation support of transcripts in some courses that will help you understand the subject better your faculty are there to help you if you do not understand something your friends are there to help you if you all join a course together discussion forum is there ask questions ask doubts if you have something there but try out and learn something which is outside of your college curriculum today when companies are looking for recruitment one of the things they see is ok your college degree is there that is something that all of them are looking at are you able to learn on your own are you able to study outside of college curriculum are you picking up any skills that are relevant for any job you might be trying for this is something that companies do look out for it is not just a resume saying BSE with this VA with this that might be one thing but then we look at ok what else what else what else that is something that all of us look out for when we are recruiting people it would be good to have a few certifications to at least get your skills enhanced to learn what you are interested in to try and explore new opportunities that are there it is free there is no fee to learn you can download and watch the videos you can download and do the courses you can enroll in swimming courses and do it only the final exam has a thousand rupees fee that also we are giving fee waivers if you are a local chapter so you can use that also you have to pay first get your exam done pass the course we will be able to help you with fee waivers on that front also so don't let money be a barrier don't let anything else be a barrier put in your time put in your effort learn from NPTEL get skilled and I hope you do much much better till then all the best and I hope that all of you do enroll to a course thank you hello ma'am hello ma'am is there anyone else to talk can we move to the end of the session yes ma'am we can move to next session ok we will wait for 5 minutes ma'am if anybody is in youtube then we will reply so finally Radhika ma'am can give out of thanks good morning thank you ma'am for such a wonderful session can we have some questions if anyone has any doubt regarding regarding whatever was explained right now regarding the NPTEL workshop or the courses which are conducted by NPTEL I have posted the feedback link in the youtube chat box ok yes everyone please fill the feedback link which is shared in the youtube link box sorry this is not for everyone this is only for the faculties so faculty can fill this feedback ok then they can get a participation certificate ok ma'am sure so I think we have the questions if you can't find any queries from the students or the faculty members who have attended this lecture I think the session was quite informative that they don't have any kind of queries which can be solved by us so I would like to like engage with the vote of thanks thank you Priyadarshi ma'am and thanks to all the NPTEL team members who have conducted this awareness session for this local chapter at the Siddhi College of Pharmacy the session was very informative and like as a college has enrolled as a local chapter likely from last two months only but still there are two faculty members and 20 of our students have enrolled under the local chapter for the NPTEL courses but with the students informatives like session I think for students and faculty members as well will join the session and will be benefited from all the advantages that NPTEL or IIT Madras based course will give to the future development yes thank you once again to all the team members and the students and the faculty who have joined this workshop today thank you thank you ma'am thank you Radhika ma'am ma'am you may leave the meeting room IIT studio team from IIT Madras yes ma'am ok you can stop streaming and then you can bring them thank you thank you all thank you ma'am


Welcome to the wide world of eSports, a show devoted to all things eSports. I'm your host, Catherine Norr. Today, we're talking about eSports in Hawaii. With me is Hawaii State Senator Glenn Wakai. Welcome, Senator. Hi. Thank you for having me, Catherine. It's a pleasure to be here. All right. Well, what sparked your interest in eSports? Well, when you look at the numbers, they're staggering, right? The last I looked, there were 2.7 billion with a B people on this planet that are doing some type of video gaming. And then you look at the economics of it. And last I saw it was almost $160 billion worth of action. And I personally am not an eSports person, but I am a legislator who looks at opportunities and wants to chase those numbers. And I really appreciate that you have a show like this, and I wasn't aware of it, that really is the catalyst to helping create the policy that can grow eSports. I mean, without discussions like this, it'll be one of those things that people will play in their homes as a hobby and will never actually be able to kind of grow it as a real segment of our economy. And that's kind of where I'd like to take this opportunity in the future. Sure. And Senator, as a eSports attorney in Hawaii, I'm passionate about bringing it to Hawaii because we don't have much going on right now, but it's growing and growing. What have you noticed about the growth of eSports in Hawaii lately? Well, to your point about where are we economically? I mean, we're in the doldrums, right? We're trying to, starting tomorrow, reinvigorate the economy by welcoming back tourists. And as we reframe, what is tourism going to look like in the future? Are we going to just go back to what it was before? And I want to look at different opportunities. Cultural enrichment, environmental management, and sports is another facet of growth of opportunity. I mean, we look at Aloha Stadium and all the things that are going to go on there. I would like to, later on in this conversation, have a discussion about what our plans are for eSports at Aloha Stadium. But it was really just the staggering numbers. And on a more provincial level, I represent the area from Kalihi all the way to Aloha Stadium. And one of the little high schools is in my district. And one of the high schools has one of the more prolific eSports teams in the state. I think last year or this past year, they battled with Roosevelt. And Roosevelt was ultimately the champion for eSports here in Hawaii. But it was also that spark of seeing young people in high school doing competitive eSports. And I'm working with HHS, that group, I can never remember the acronym, but the High School Athletic Association to try and see how we can have eSports as a legitimized competitive high school sport as well. So it was just the staggering numbers and seeing what Waterloo High School was doing in this space that really kind of piqued my interest in looking at the opportunities of eSports. So while you were talking, the screen froze a little bit. And that reminds me of one of the issues with eSports in Hawaii. And that is latency. What are your thoughts about Hawaii being able to have eSports and have competitive professional players and events in light of our position in the Central Pacific? Yeah, I'm sorry about that freeze rave there, but you're absolutely right.  But unless we have the firm foundation, which is broadband capacity, our discussions are going to go nowhere. But I'm happy to say that we are at the cusp of bringing in more broadband capacity. There's a broadband director, I believe he's called Bert Lum. He's the he's office of broadband at DBET. And we're chasing some federal monies to allow for more broadband and fiber drops state owned on the four most populated islands in the state. So there's a real conservative effort to do the infrastructure upgrades that we need to get it get eSports going. And although we bring the cables here, we have to also worry about the terrestrial deployment of broadband. And you know, we only have really two competitors here, Hawaiian Telcom and Spectrum. And to be honest, I think they're a little slow and very expensive. So I would like to push them to provide it faster and cheaper or invite a third competitor to compel them to do something differently. But we have to improve the infrastructure and also improve the outcomes as well as lower the cost for our future of eSports domination. So is that in the works then to improve the infrastructure? Yep. So DBET and Bert Lum at the broadband office is actually chasing, I don't want to say the figure because it's confidential, but he's chasing some federal monies that would dramatically improve our capacity here if he gets that grant later this this month or next. Okay. And how long would it take to your knowledge to make those improvements so that we can improve our speed? Generally, the rule of thumb is for cable landing site. The permitting, if it goes well, is at least a two year process. That's in the best case scenario. To answer your question more honestly, I think it'll be at least after we get the grant, at least another three years before we actually start plugging and playing with broadband capacity increases. Okay. And so Senator, are you on particular committees in the legislature that look at these issues, including eSports? Yes. So unfortunately, we don't have an eSports committee. Maybe we will in the future. This turns into a dynamite area. But I sit on the technology committee and I chair the energy, economic development, and tourism committee in the state. So this is kind of in my wheelhouse. If we're going to have any discussions about eSports from an athletic standpoint, from an infrastructure standpoint, it will probably come through my committee. Okay. And have there been discussions in your committee on eSports? No. So all of my discussions about eSports have been directly with HHSAA, with the stadium authority, because I plans there, with the University of Hawaii sky over there. You might know PC gamers, Devin Woolery, I talked to them, but it's really, we haven't gotten to the point where we're really coming up with a policy and coming up with potential bills for eGaming. Okay. And yeah, and Sky will be on my show in two weeks. And we'll learn a lot more from him. But Senator, have so have any bills been introduced or have you drafted any bills that have a direct relation to eSports yet? Not yet. So like, for example, I was talking earlier about how I'd like to see competitive high school eSports in the future. And you really don't need to have a law to do that. Chris Chun over at that organization, he just needs money to pay for infrastructure, pay the coaches and that sort of stuff. So I'm chasing money with him or for him to get that rolling. So a lot of the eSports opportunities really don't need to take legislation. It's just a matter of, is there a will? Is there money behind it? And is there infrastructure that can support it? Do you know whether the Department of Education is committed to adding eSports in up to grade 12? Yep. So the DOE right now, as well as ILH, the private schools, they have competition on the club level. So DOE is fully embracing eSports. It's just a matter of how do we take it from a club level to an actual competitive high school level. That's the tricky part that we're going to have to solve the next year or two. Well, you know, when we're looking at tourism, one thing with eSports is the potential for having conventions and conferences and bringing tourists in for eSports activities, events, games, those kind of things. What are your thoughts on that? I think the potential is huge. In fact, I was working with Devin as well as Sky just about a month ago. We put in a bid for Hawaii for the Street Fighter Championships in February. We're competing with the Bahamas and I'm sorry, some other Caribbean island. But apparently the owners of, I can't remember the owners of this Street Fighter game, they want to do it on an island. So we put in a bid. But to your point, I look at eSports not purely from the entertainment value, but from the economic development angle and to your point, event planning, those are jobs that can be brought here that we don't embrace at the moment. And you look at just the technology behind eSports, the coding, everything from the technology that goes into a console, all of that are potential job creators here. And we know that we are one trick pony in this state. We have tourism and we also know that tourism doesn't pay the best wages. So if we're going to revisit tourism, how do we leverage the benefits of tourism to go and spawn off a diversified economy? And I just think that eSports has the opportunity to help us diversify our economy. And one diversification element I would think would be with software development, game development, marketing and advertising and other kind of ancillary areas of eSports, because eSports is not just the process of gaming. It also includes developing games and also even in the movie industry. I think we'll see more and more movies that do have a eSports theme. Yep. I mean, we can gamify everything. Wasn't there one movie where the audience could pick one of three outcomes of the movie? I can't remember what the movie was, but I think in the movies of the future are not going to be you and I sitting there watching the Titanic go down for two hours. We're going to have options like, oh, can the Titanic rise or maybe half the people pass away? Whatever, right? There's going to be an opportunity for us to interact with our traditional movies and video formats in the future. And I think that eSports certainly dovetails into the ever-changing movie entertainment environment. And we are situated in a very unique place in terms of one of the hotbeds of eSports, and that's Japan, South Korea, China. Do you think that having such a close relationship with Japan has some potential impact on what we can do in Hawaii? Yes, most certainly Japan. And let's not forget Korea. I think it's actually bigger in Korea than it is in Japan. And I'm looking at some of the gaming numbers, and I mentioned there's 2.7 billion people on the planet that participate in eGaming. And out of the 2.7, 1.5 billion are actually from Asia. The next biggest swath is Europe. And then it's Latin America. And then it's actually North America is the smallest, 7% of that figure. So if we're going to grow that 7% into a much larger number in the future, and we know that this arena is dominated by Asia, you're exactly right. We sit at the center point of where all the actions could and should be taking place. So that's another plus for us in terms of our location. Oftentimes in Hawaii, we talk about our location, the most isolated landmass on earth as a detriment. And I want to get past that and look at how is that to our positive benefit, right? We forget this idea of always we can cry baby and talking about the price of paradise. Let's look at profits in paradise. And we take that mindset, we figure out like where are, how is our strategic location to our advantage? And let's go chase those business opportunities. We have set a tradition in Hawaii for having big events, big sporting events. And those include the Great Aloha Run, the Honolulu Marathon, of course, has been going on for many years and attracts many, many visitors, including thousands from Japan. And we have Sony Open, we have golf events. We've also had the Pro Bowl here. Do you think that eSports can be among those very popular Hawaii events? Yes, most definitely. Hawaii has a pot of money. I think about $6 million a year. We have set aside for luring sporting events. So some of the events that you just mentioned, for example, golf, we spent about $2.2 million a year on golf. Last year, when the Dallas Cowboys and the LA Rams played here, we gave the Rams $2 million. The Clippers come here or used to come here for their preseason training. We pay them $600,000 a year. So there is a pot of money there to entice sporting events here. One thing that you did mention was the Honolulu Marathon. That, I love that particular event because as you mentioned, it draws in a lot of people, but they ask the state for absolutely nothing. There is no subsidy whatsoever for the Hawaii Honolulu Marathon. And if we go down the road of trying to get eSports tournaments here, I'd like to, of course, try to get them because of our illustrious background, great workforce, and wonderful broadband first rather than getting into this practice of having to put money out there for any kind of event coming here. But to your point, I think it has great potential to be called pleaser as well as economic driver. And another thing about eSports is that the people that participate in eSports and gaming, they don't have to be 6 foot 11. They don't have to weigh 300 pounds and be a linebacker or something. It can be women, men, boys, and girls of all ages and all ethnicities, all body types. So what are your thoughts on on that inclusion? Yeah, I think that's why you see the numbers and the participation that see it at 2.7 billion people who are enthusiastic about it. Because I mean, if you ever met me, I am no giant. I'm actually on the tinier side. There's no way I would be making a career off of playing sports. But as long as you got to 10 of these, 2 of these, and a brain in between your ears, anybody can be an eSports phenom. So you're absolutely right. And also age, right? In NFL, you're lucky if you have a 5 to 7 year career. That's a long time.  So I think there's many pluses as to why eSports has the audience at it today. You know, and it's interesting because with the pandemic, we've seen a lot of an increased number of professional athletes who are investing in eSports. And we've had a significant amount of traditional sports that have gone the eSports route like NASCAR. And you can actually turn on the TV and watch an eSports competition where you'd have to watch it all on Twitch or YouTube or Facebook or something before. Do you feel that, where are your thoughts on that? I think that you look at how the traditional sports can really be played these days, right? Or if you're going to play a football game or soccer game, there's no audience there, just like at your home. So why not shift that game from a field into your home?  I can't play football as I mentioned earlier. And in this environment, you're not going to have the opportunity to go and even practice football like Kapiolani Park, but everybody can play Madden's football game on their console. So you're right, whether it's football, baseball, your traditional sports, I think, are going to see wiggling numbers. And even before COVID, you saw that attendance at baseball, basketball, and football games are slowly diminishing. And maybe that came at the price of more of an interest in eSports. So yes, I think the landscape of the entire sports entertainment environment is definitely shifting. And that shift does impact our state university's revenue in terms of ticket sales. And so doesn't it make more sense for UH to consider having eSports tournaments and including that as part of their athletics department? Yes, I agree. And Sky is leading the charge for the University of Hawaii. And considering he has almost no budget and is putting his motley crew together there, right? He doesn't recruit people, he doesn't give scholarships to student athletes at the University of Hawaii. But he has done very well. I mean, from what I understand, University of California Irvine is probably one of the premier eSports universities on the planet. And Hawaii can go toe-to-toe with them, kind of like Hawaii going toe-to-toe with Alabama on the football field. I mean, he's taking all the juggernauts and really being competitive at the University of Hawaii. So the opportunities are there. He needs more in terms of facilities. He needs more financial backing to really catapult himself into that upper echelon UC Irvine's of the eSports world. You know, way back when I was a young associate at the firm Davis Reed and Richards, I worked on the Aloha Stadium litigation case and learned all about how it was made of core 10 steel. And ever since then, the Aloha Stadium has held a place in my heart. And it will be a very interesting day when it is demolished and rebuilt. And tell us about your thoughts about the role of eSports in the Aloha Stadium. Okay, let me give you a quick timeline as to where we were and where we are today. Right now, we're in the RFP stage. We have six potential contractors. I think by the end of next month, the state will whittle that down to three and offer those three potential contractors an RFP. They will put on their best show. Tell us what they would like to do with the new stadium and by perhaps next summer, we'll pick a contractor to be the one to reinvent that entire area. And we hope that construction will begin by maybe this time next year. And by the end of 2023 or maybe the start of 2024, we're going to have a new stadium there. And considering that as we've been talking about, I'm a big fan of eSports. You really can't put eSports into an open-air arena. So I'm having a discussion with potential contractors that maybe adjacent to the football slash rugby slash soccer stadium, we'll have an eSports arena that is multi-purpose though. So if you can imagine, every NFL football team has an indoor practice facility. So if you can imagine 100-yard football field that's indoors, which will double in my hope is as an eSports arena. And we can do everything from eSports to weddings, birthdays, whatever. We've got to make sure that that facility is constantly being utilized. But so that's kind of the discussion that I've initiated with the contractors that are not the contractors, but with the contractor who is helping with the master planning of the future of a lot of stadium is to provide at least a thought that eSports might have a footprint on that property. And you know, there might be a silver lining in this delay of making these decisions regarding aloha stadium because even though eSports has been around since 1972 and even before in competition only in the last few years have people become more aware of it. I realize that there has been competitions, big competitions for big money for the past decade and more, but it seems that people are becoming more aware lately. And so if aloha stadium had been rebuilt without the thought of eSports, it seems to me that it's a bit of a disaster. So I'm happy to hear that you're thinking that eSports, you have design implications to bring eSports in.  We're going to have another, maybe the stadium will take about 16 or 20 acres. We can have another 80 acres for us to do all kinds of good cool mix use ideas. And so eSports is one of those cool ideas that we're putting forward. Well, Senator, I'm going to give you the last word and maybe tell us your vision for eSports in Hawaii. I think the potential is phenomenal here. But as with any kind of change in trajectory in Hawaii, it's going to take a lot of support. So I'm glad we have a forum like this to talk about it because it can't just be Catherine and Glenn talking about it and Tyler and Skye and a couple of others. I mean, the dozen of us have to turn into a hundred, have to turn to a thousand, have to turn into a lot of people. Because the things that we talked about, everything from competitive high school sports to actually build out of arena, all of that costs a lot of money. And all of that will only be achieved if the community rallies behind this entire push for embracing eSports. So I'm on board. You're on board. We just got to get more people to join us and see the full potential eSports has for the future of Hawaii. Thank you, Senator. I'm excited to have you on board. And thank you to our viewers for joining us today. Next week, my guest will be Alex Hutchie. We will talk about eSports marketing. See you then. Aloha.