This study proposes a new type of concrete called carbon foam concrete CFC which uses carbon dioxide CO2 as a foaming agent to improve its thermal insulation and carbon fixation capabilities. This type of concrete can be used to reduce the environmental impact of coal-fired power plants as it can store CO2 emissions from the plant and prevent them from entering the atmosphere. This article was authored by Shuping Ta, Yuan Zhang, Ji Jun Wan, and others.


Welcome to this course on Transition Metal Organometallics in Catalysis and Biology. In this course so far, we have been talking about various kinds of olefin metathesis reaction, apart from other industrial processes reactions, which has come out of organometallic chemistry discoveries. In the context of olefin metathesis, we have covered alkene metathesis and alkyne metathesis. And we had seen how there exists a similarity or parallel of reactions for both these kinds of metathesis reaction alkene as well as alkyne metathesis. And today we are going to discuss another interesting topic in more detail, which is called alkyne metathesis reaction alkene, which is called in-ion metathesis reactions. Now in order to understand this reaction, this reaction is kind of a bit different than its predecessors, which is alkyne metathesis or alkyne metathesis. And in order to understand this, we need to reflect on the initial characteristics of these two alkyne metathesis and alkyne metathesis individually. So let me just start with alkyne metathesis, which is the reaction between these two olefins giving this and the catalyst present is a metal carbene species. So this is a metal carbene catalyst. Now the alkyne metathesis is also a similar kind of reaction. It involves two types of alkynes giving two of the mixed alkyne, and the catalyst is a metal carbene catalyst. So this is alkyne metathesis, and the earlier one that we have discussed was alkyne metathesis. So now the question comes, what about the reaction that we are discussing now, which is alkyne alkyne metathesis. So now this has both the substrates, which we will take a look. This has both the substrates, for example, so it has both the substrates and alkyne and as well as an alkene. And the question which comes to mind is, which of the catalyst would be able to carry out such a metathesis, as far as the catalyst is concerned, which of the catalyst metathesis. So this is an intrinsic question. This means that there are possibility of metal carbene versus metal carbene. So the interesting thing to note over here is that the first question is this, which of these two catalysts, the carbene or the carbene would be effective for this in-ion metathesis reaction that involves reaction of alkene and alkyne. Now the next question, which comes to the fourth with regard to this chemistry, is the question number two. It says, even if one of the two is or both of them are effective for carrying out this in-ion mechanism or in-ion metathesis, then the question is, what will be the sequence of metathesis reaction? What would be the sequence of metathesis reaction? By this, whether it will be in-ion and then in-ion metathesis versus in-ion metathesis. So this also is a very relevant and interesting question, is that even if either of the two is effective in carrying out this metathesis of alkene and alkyne, then the question is which one would be the first to undergo metathesis, whether this is in-ion metathesis where the alkyne would undergo metathesis first followed by the alkyne or it is in-ion metathesis, which would be starting with alkyne first and then in-ion alkyne in the order of the metathesis reaction it would go. So, these are important questions like what kind of catalyst, what would be the sequence of reactions as now the substrates contain both unsaturated alkyne as well as alkyne, and then another interesting attribute is that they can be present in the same molecule which can be in thyrmolecular or in thyrmolecular, so both possibilities exist for alkyne metathesis reaction. Now these are the issues that had challenged the people who had been working in the areas and several studies has been done in order to elucidate the exact mechanism or exact active species responsible for this in-ion metathesis reaction and to sum up the finding what is said that it is the metal carbene complexes they are effective for alkyne metathesis reactions. The catalysts are indeed these metal carbene species, the evidence point that the active species are indeed the metal carbene species which is responsible for alkyne alkyne metathesis reaction. Now with respect to the second question that what would be the sequence of metathesis whether it will be a olefin first and then alkyne second metathesis or alkyne first olefin second metathesis the answer to that which the evidence point is that this in-ion metathesis which is supposedly the one which is followed in most of the cases and most popular. So the take home point is that alkyne metathesis or in-ion metathesis is a complex metathesis which has come out of these individual classes of alkyne metathesis and alkyne metathesis and given the complexity that arise regarding the pathway the metal carbene species are supposed to be the active species for this in-ion metathesis and second thing that the mechanism proceeds by in first or in-ion metathesis that olefin gets attacked first and then alkyne undergoes metathesis second. So I am going to now go deep into this the mechanistic aspect of this in-ion mechanism and talk about these in bit more detail. So now of these there can be two variants as I said that this can undergo intermolecular as well as intramolecular and I am showing it by examples catalyst giving R1. So this is an example of intermolecular in-ion metathesis similarly the intramolecular metathesis are also reported which involves a bridging group or substrate containing a linker in which the substrate contains both the alkyne and the alkyne moiety are present and then the catalyst as I mentioned is that in the present case also this is a carbene type of the catalyst which gives the product of the type of the type this is a five membered. So this is an example of intramolecular in-ion metathesis, but in this case as there is a ring closing occurring in place so this mechanism is also popularly called as ring closing in-ion metathesis or RCEYM this is called ring closing in-ion metathesis. So both the possibilities as I mentioned earlier exist for the in-ion mechanism and we are going to take a look at it in bit more detail as we look at individual example in-ion metathesis examples. Now I am going to illustrate this with respect to the intramolecular substrate as is shown over here now this reacts with the ruthenium carbene complex so this will give this metallocyclo propene intermediate that will further rearrange to give this olefin and the substrate activated ruthenium carbene species. Now this then would go through this intermediate as is shown over here to give cyclobutene intermediate of the type this which will then rearrange as is shown over here to give the desired active species on the R. These there are two intermediates being formed metallocyclobutene intermediates this is called metallocyclobutene and this one is called metallocyclobutene intermediate. So a transition state these are the transition state. Now once this is formed of which I will draw it over here the first path is about in first so metathesis what we are observing happens on the olefin that is the first path is the in first and then the second pathway where the metathesis of the ion would happen and for that these species goes and enters into a second cycle as is shown over here. In this the first substrate further acts to give where similar kind of transition state is further formed as is shown over here and then this transition state undergoes rearrangement the product the active species of the ruthenium species of the type this that then undergoes again metathesis with the ion to give this metallocyclobutene as is shown over here and that further undergoes rearrangement to give the species which is this. The driving force of this reaction is the formation of conjugated 1,3 diene formation formation of conjugated 1,3 diene provides driving force for the reaction so the formation of this conjugated diene provides the driving force for this reaction. Now what we had seen that this enyne mechanism is quite complex and actually it involves number of steps number of steps in which the first is that the metal carbene complex proceeds with in first mechanism where it does not attack the alkyne but attacks the olefin first and then it undergoes a metallocyclobutene intermediate once it is formed the metallocyclobutene intermediate with the ruthenium carbene on the substrate then it attacks the alkyne to give a metallocyclobutene intermediate which undergoes rearrangement to again giving the ring closing metathesis so it closes the ring and the active site now resides on the vinyl carbene which is stable now that reacts with the second substrate again to give a metallocyclobutene intermediate butene which undergoes metathesis to give this 1,3 conjugated diene product which is this which provides the driving force and for the reaction and then it undergoes the reaction with the second alkyne moiety to give a metallocyclobutene butene species then and subsequently goes back to the starting product so one thing which is important is to note is that this vinyl carbene species of the substrate these two species are exactly the same species and they get translated from one cycle to the another cycle and carry out this anion metathesis we are going to talk more on the mechanistic aspect of this in first pathway of anion mechanism as we move in the next lecture however we have come to the end of this lecture in which we have just looked into various mechanistic pathways that are possible for anion mechanism we have also looked into the rational that behind this anion mechanism starting with questions like what is the active species whether it is a metal carbene species or a metal carbene species which would be effective for this anion metathesis because anion contains both alkyne and alkyne and what we have found is that it is the carbene species metal carbene species which carries out this anion metathesis we have also looked into other aspects like whether it is going to be the alkene first pathway or alkyne first pathway and in this class we have summarized effectiveness of alkene first pathway which involves two cycles or two different types of pathways combined as is shown by the pink and the green cycles and then we have also looked into the conditions which will which is provides the driving force for this anion in first pathway which is nothing but the formation of this conjugated 1, 3 anions. So, with this I conclude today's discussion on anion metathesis mechanism and we are going to dwell a bit more on the other possibility which is the anion first and the effectiveness of anion mechanism as we meet in the next class. Till then thank you for being with me in this class and I look forward to being with you in more details when we take up this E9 mechanism next in the next lecture. Till then goodbye and thank you.


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Live from Las Vegas, it's theCUBE, covering ServiceNow Knowledge 2018, brought to you by ServiceNow. Welcome back everyone to theCUBE's live coverage of ServiceNow Knowledge 18. We're coming at you from Las Vegas. I'm your host, Rebecca Knight, along with my co-host, Dave Vellante. We are theCUBE. We are the leader in live tech coverage. We're joined by Sebastian Lorayche. He is the global senior director IT, Cybersecurity Digital Transformations at NXP. Thanks so much for coming on theCUBE, Sebastian. Thank you for having me here. Good to see you. Good, thank you. So I want to start out by asking you a little bit about NXP, what you do and then what your company does and then also what you do there. NXP is the leading semiconductors in providing products for automotive and our company vision is providing us your connections and infrastructure for a smarter world. And that's what we are trying to achieve by implementing new ways of working with making the world more autonomous, like autonomous driving, et cetera. So that's really what we're trying to do. Cool company. Yeah, very cool. Yeah, we are really building the future of tomorrow. Yeah. Big, large company too, right? Yeah, roughly about 33,000 employees currently. Okay, yeah. So you said you're really building the future of tomorrow. I'd pack that a little bit. Tell our viewers exactly what you're doing there. So today what you have experienced also on this event is of course a lot about artificial intelligence and machine learning. NXP is being elected as the number three in the world as the provider of solutions for artificial intelligence. So if you really think what we are developing today is already started and will become available in five or three years from now. So you only can imagine what the future brings us and what we will shape. When do you think owning your own car and driving your own car will become an exception?  Yeah. And it will be some kind of hub that comes to your home on demand when you need it. And maybe it even predicts when you would like to travel and then it comes by automatically. How far away is that? You think it's two decades? No, I think here it's not about technology. I think we have the technology to even enable it today. It's policy and... It's policy, it's regulations, compliance, see that doesn't allow to, let's go, harvest all data to make the right decisions there. We had the insurance company on the other day and they were like, no, we're going to figure this stuff out. Because I don't necessity. We always figure this stuff out. Yeah, it's really not about the technology anymore. It's really about legal. What prevents us access the data to make the right decisions, right? It's amazing to just watch the progression of automotive.  Yeah, but also you can clearly see within any speed that we are transforming our business to more software because developing a product as hardware that needs sustained for 15 years or longer if you look to a car. Yeah, then you would like to have the ability to be dynamic more on top of the product by using software. So also our products are becoming software-defined.  Yes. Maybe talk about that ethos and the cultural aspects and maybe what the process looks like and share with our viewers. I think it's the most awesome part of the company. Of course, we also manufacture our products but mainly R&D is so dynamic. We have so tech-saving people and we have so much issues as IT and you think, why are they consuming so much bandwidth from Netflix and noon? And then they tell me, hey, we are developing a product for 4K entertainment into the car. So I have an issue on my wide air network. You're providing all kinds of services but you're building for entertainment into the car for the future. Yeah? That car better be autonomous. Yeah, exactly. Yes. That's for the kids in the backseat, I think. Yes. You once described service now as the platform of platforms. Can you talk a little bit about that from your R&D process? So what you clearly see and also you would like, I think all companies will eventually become an IT company. Also the banking companies tell us now today they are an IT company with a banking license. What I truly believe in is that we need to close the gap between IT and the business. So I think the future model is that IT will dissolve for a certain part into the business. But you don't want to have, of course you still have your shared services, you still have a hybrid model where you have the countries where you're providing support from. So they are not always as close to the business. You have 24-7 economy and you need to provide those services. But you don't want to build as human interfaces. So what you try to achieve by building the platform of platforms, the fabric, is that you try to connect the business acumen, the business dynamics, their project management tools, their requirements management into the IT systems as such you can detect the phase where they are in. If they are facing issues with their products or the projects are slipping and are delaying, you would like to increase automatically the severity of the incidents so that they can automatically solve and you have a better understanding of the business priorities. NXP is really interesting because you're at the intersection of a lot of big trends.  Yeah, the new money. Yeah, right. So I'm just envisioning this pretty complicated matrix. I wonder if you could describe that in your terms. If you look from the IT infrastructure perspective, the growth on data is enormous. To cope with that growth because the data allows us to make better products. You can, data could be a requirement but could be also the effect of the results. What we try to prevent, the product that we bring into the real life that are, you fill your requirements of quality is increasing. We had consumer grade, automotive grade and we had for the flying industry, we also the same grade. But however, your norm is increasing. So what you clearly see by increasing the norm, we call that the total quality culture, you also would like to have a total quality product. You don't want to replace your phone one year from now. And I think if you look four years back, a phone one half years, two years and then you had a new one. But those products become more expensive.  Part of your personal brand even. And that generates that data. We need to, if you try to work on proper quality that will generate enormous amount of data. But the data can use to optimize your processes upfront in the future as such it becomes more cost efficient to develop new products. So it's really about the continuous need for more data is also continuously need to optimize your processes. Where does service now fit into all this? How do you use service now? So for me, what you really see in service now today is the best workflow engine we can imagine. It really orchestrates all IT and connecting business processes. And I think the potential, and I think also if you're looking to the portfolio where they have HR, it's going beyond IT. And now they often what already said by John Donohoe, they come in via the IT angle by ITSM. But as the process become more and more part of your culture rather than a forced way of working then the platform starts supporting the culture of your organization because by machine learning a proper UI visualization capabilities it becomes really part about metering, showing what you're doing and really helps you to orchestrate your daily work. And that's also I think of the new company it's a little bit too difficult to pronounce it here but it's about orchestrating the future way of working. So we're just, we're hearing so much about this making the world of work work better for people. You describe it as a workflow engine really helping employees organize their work days, orchestrate their work days, improve them. Can you describe the culture at NXP and sort of how service now is improving employees everyday lives? What we really try to do and that's also what we see. It's easy to show the cost efficiency savings you have from a platform as service now. If you improve your onboarding by optimizing the process by three days because that's your first point of engagement when you bring some people onboard and if it goes fluently work the integration with service now providing the services, everything is ready at day one. Day one you're there, your laptop is ready your provision, your desk is ready and you have orchestrated processes that's a flawless end user experience and that's what we would like to provide with service now, orchestrate with service now because that's what the user sees. If he's in need of any of the help of services he would like them to go shift left to service now and with help of knowledge help themselves. We are all Dr. Google and we would like to have access to that information ourselves and not being dependent by the expert. We all become that expert. Are employees happier? I mean I think that's a question too because we know that from research that happier employees make more productive workplaces they're more likely to stay recommended to their friends and the network gets bigger. I mean what's your- If you have a company that shapes the future we have very happy employees. Self fulfilling prophecy there. When did you go live? So we are one of the first adopters in 2007 in Europe so we really started then. I don't know the name because they talk about days, months and now they talk about locations. But I think we did a big overhaul during some of our big integrations that we have done. So we are really one of the first customers in Europe providing the product. And how far where, what version you in? In Jakarta, ready to upgrade. We will skip one release if we go to- To London. Yeah, run to London. Oh, okay. And you started with ITSM like most? ITSM, ITOMS or IT Operate Management and now we have the IT Business Management app like Demand Management, IT Financial Management and really orchestrating from demand to fulfilling. A lot of our guys have written that they feel like machine intelligence and ITOM go together very well. Do you agree with that? And how do you see that affecting your business? So what we clearly see is that in the meantime to detect, in the meantime to repair you would like to detect outages before they hit the end user, see it? So you really would like to make sure that before they notice it's already been solved. Or when it goes wrong, that you already say we are on top of it. We know, we know the impact. We know that the whole chain of events, a single network port or power outage somewhere in a room could cause a big effect on the whole IT service. And therefore really, service now helps us to make sure that we are on top of the things. Sebastian, you mentioned off camera that you are very intimately involved with service now and helping them with their roadmap, providing feedback. So can you share with us some of the things that you talk about with them? And what would you like to see? Where's their white space? What's on their to-do list from your perspective? So what, of course, if you look to our portfolio, what we are doing as NXP, so a member of the product advisory council for IT operations management. And I'm closely working also on the Lighthouse program with service now and all kinds of new releases. What I really think, if you see what they are investing to, of course, they're now coming forward with a chat box. Awesome. But if I see how my children consume information using YouTube, and I think also John touched upon it. But really what we are building as NXP is in the flawless and use experience and everything is being, you don't have a UI. If you look to your car, today you have a speedometer, an RPM meter. Why do you have RPM on your dashboard? Why? What's the value of you knowing? In the past, you needed it to shift gears. And why is it still there? Does it really add value? Because it's cool. Yeah. You love dials. So it's about the end user experience. It's about your lifestyle. It's about your brand identity. It's not as more about requirements. So, of course, the UI is important. I believe it. What's more important, I think, to invest in that engine behind it, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and how to ingest data. So, because what is really required to make smart decisions is a lot of data. And still, I think the platform has potential. But there's some room for improvement to get proper integration by onboarding more data, making the right decisions and orchestrate the actions out of it. And I think the Learn, Think, Act, we have the same strategy as Sense, Think, Act, and NXP. I think that's how robotics and AI will work in the future. Data is the fuel for your innovation. Yes, yes. So, that's a great point you're making. I wonder if you could talk a little bit about the feelings in Europe. You're based in the Netherlands about automation and the future of jobs. Because in the United States, there is a significant anxiety about the machines coming for our jobs, and at least the media portray it that way. I'm curious from your perspective, what is the feeling in Europe? Of course, I think I see it as an opportunity, but automation will change, of course, and automation, machine learning, it will extensively change the whole way of working. Because what we say, say it's about helping the business by decision, automation, making decisions. So we try to reduce the human effort. We have total quality culture. Or do you still need more and more people to help them to ask the right questions? Because the innovation, of course, comes from a lot of data, but still have people who connect the dots of never existing connections before. If you have a lot of data and you don't know which question to ask, would you build a new solution? So it's still about smart people and creativity, and of course, we know patterns, we know what people are doing, but still the real breakthroughs is being done by people, and therefore we need those people still in the future. So the anxiety is there, yes, automation will there, but I think it's about building a joint incentive between your outsource provider, research provider, between your workforce, is what's the incentive for them on automation? Because otherwise you get a culture of fear and anxiety and a lot of doubt, and that will be counterproductive for your company value, yeah. Who do you think is a journalist?  The data is there to suggest that machines are replacing human and cognitive functions, and that's a concern, but there's not a lot written in the media about the opportunity, there is some about the opportunity, but more importantly, what to do about it. In other words, public policy, education, I mean, maybe I'm just missing it. No, I agree with you, I completely agree, and also this idea that Sebastian is bringing up is showing, proving that this can work for you. I mean, this is actually going to improve your work life by taking care a lot of the dredge work, or show opportunities for humans and robots to work alongside of each other, and so there you go.  It seems like Musk and Stephen Hawking really weren't optimists, but maybe they're thinking, you know, hundreds of years. Light years ahead. Right, right, right. You report directly to the CIO. At this conference we're hearing so much about the changing role of the CIO and how the CIO has to be thinking so much more broadly about the business than ever before. I mean, well, how do you see it? So that's an interesting question because that's exactly where we are in today. So we have the classic way, the CIO, financial risk control, et cetera. Then we have the transformational CIO, then we have the CDO, or we have the future COO who takes care of operations because today IT is often been seen in the enterprise companies as a shared service center, something you do with the lights off. But clearly, bank accounts, but I'd already told you before was, we are now IT companies with a banking license. As IT becomes more dominant, it becomes part of operations. And yes, we need a transformational CIO, CDO or a new type of COO that sees IT as part of their operations and the way of working. And of course you can give it a new title, but at the end it's just a smart guy who helps the company succeed and brings IT as one together to make success. It's not about a role or responsibility. I think there's still the name of Chief Information, Chief Data Officer. It's still the right title because he makes sure he gets the right data towards the business to make the right decisions faster. Right, great. It's not about running only the lights on. When the lights doesn't go on, it's IT's fault, right? Always, always. Yeah, that need doesn't go away, but it's table stakes now. Exactly. Sebastian, thanks so much for coming on theCUBE. It was a pleasure having you here. Thank you. I'm Rebecca Knight for Dave Vellante. We will have more from theCUBE's live coverage of ServiceNow Knowledge 18 coming up just after this.


Hi, everyone. Welcome to the end of August 8th US trading session. This is Michelle Schneider, MISH, Chief Strategist of MarketGauge.com. Pretty heavy week of earnings with, obviously, Apple having a big decline, but looking like it may. It found some support up at what they say, former resistance often becomes support. So we'll be watching that. But right now, Rivian is very much on our focus as a position that our quant models are holding. And those earnings should be coming out after we finish this video. But nonetheless, there have been some other real impacts to the market this week. Besides earnings, one, of course, would be the Moody's Downgrade, which brought some correction into the market, but certainly not end of days. All the risk factors that we watch still say risk on. Number two, of course, will be the CPI that will come out this week on Thursday. And that will be very much watched as to a key gauge in terms of what the Fed might do when they reignite themselves in September, although there's been a lot of Fed speak in between. So gold is certainly something that it has really, I was surprised, did not hold up better in the face of the Moody's Downgrade because it's been a flight to safety, but we have a bit of a strong dollar. And when we talked about gold, remember this is very level oriented in the futures market. We've talked about the fact that if it couldn't get through 1980, it was gonna get to 1960, under 1950, we would test 1940, and under 1940, possibly 1930. Well, we haven't quite gotten to the 1930, but coming into tomorrow right now, what we can say here is that if we immediately come in from a very short term trading perspective, of course, above that 1942 level, then I think that we probably would anticipate another pop maybe back up to 1950 at least, but maybe even a little bit higher up to around 1960 to 1965. And that would be right now to me about all I would expect ahead of the CPI numbers. And the CPI numbers would have to be really hot to get gold going again. And on that note, to me, if we did see a move over not only 1970, but even back over the 50 day moving average at 1972, then this little formation that could be ahead in children's top would be negated. And of course, that would be a very bullish case. And as I just said, ahead of CPI, we might see this bounce up to 1950, 1960, maybe even 1970 before we start to flip to bullish, but that would be probably to me a good amount of money to make from the long side. And of course, if the numbers come out much softer, which I kind of doubt, but if they do, then we would see this number here at 1940 breakdown. Of course, as I said, 1930 was an area of support. And since we've already filled this gap here from back below, then our next point would really be looking at this low right here, which is at 19, 18, 19, 19. And then of course, lower than that is very possible that we would make our way back down to 1900. What's interesting about the gold market though is it's still in contango, which means that the forward months are still higher, which definitely means that even with this correction right now, the bias still remains relatively positive, but we're going to look at it on a very short-term basis for now. Now, moving on to the oil market, that's been nothing but bullish and did exactly the opposite on the dip early this morning in the New York markets, found buyers and wound up closing back to $83 barrel. Let's have a look. And here we are right now looking at the September contract of crude oil. We've cleared everything just like we thought we might do. We had an almost correction to about that 78, but it didn't quite make it there. Really $80 a barrel is what I'm going to see as pivotal. That doesn't mean we can't get below it on any kind of an intraday basis. Although at this point now, it probably should hold if it's really going to continue to go up. So we could see the buying that came in. We're not quite through yet. The highs that we had the other day of $83.30, let's call it. And of course, again, looking back, the last time we were up at these levels was back here on this date in November, 2022, when we traded just slightly higher there at $83.63. So to me, that tells me we can get through these numbers right now of $82.50 through $83.30. Then our next stop should be easily up at $85, $86 with the overall bias and eventually seeing numbers closer to $100. And the only way now I would change my mind is, A, I would get a little bit cautious under 80, but it would really be under 78 now where we would possibly think about not only getting out of our long position that we've had since down here, by the way, but that we would also maybe take a more cautious stance on everything, including the calls for no recession to maybe possibly we are heading into a recession, especially based on the downgrade we got today. And the last, well, actually before I do that, I do want to show you one other thing in the energy space that I think may be finally ready to go from a fundamental reason, of course, it would be that last year Europe had a very mild winter. Can we count on that again for a second winter in the face of La Nina? And that is predicting a much colder winter. And of course, that's leading me to natural gas. So let's just have a quick look there. Okay, looking at the natural gas chart, we have not been above the 280. And again, this is the September contract, except for two quick moments of time here in June. And since we've been under, and even though we had made a lower low here than we did here, overall, since we had this reversal pattern back here, that's really been the low. And of course, we can see that that means 225 is really the point if you're looking more for a position of what it would have to hold. If it does get through 280 clearly, then three is going to be your next place to look for. And if we do clear three, then I think we can pretty much say that every bit of action we've seen through March is a basing action, in which case, then we might be able to see a move, not only back up to the 200 day moving average, by the way, we're in a recuperation phase, but possibly higher than that. Seasonally, this seems like it's ready to go. And finally, let's take a look at the S&P 500. So in the S&P E-mini chart, this is the September contract, it's actually doing a little bit better than the SPY ETF, which is trading and closed at around 446, 447 today. This is above 4,500, which of course I would consider to be extremely pivotal. And I think this held up pretty well. We've had about a 4% correction off the highs, a little bit more, that's a normal correction. Clearly another 5% more would bring us down to major support at around 440, so that's something to be thinking about. But at this point, considering all the risk factors, there are still really basically showing risk on, unless we get some really major surprise, obviously the downgrade didn't do much for it, I'll just brought it down a little bit. The CPI would probably be the bigger mover, depending on which way that goes, but assuming it holds, the way I would be looking at this now is that at around this 450 level, 449 to 450, consider that to be your pivotal point. So above, bullish, below, negative. And so if we come in and hold these levels now over that 450, and we want to have a more positive bias, to me I would be looking at this last level of resistance and support at around 4,563. So let's say if you can get some kind of move between 4,520, 4,560 to 65, that would be a nice little pop for a short-term day trading. And obviously, if it continues to look strong, we'd be back looking at 4,600. On the other side of life, if it breaks down under this 4,450 or 4,499 to be more exact, then of course we have to be looking at that 50-day moving average, that 50-day moving average is at 4,459. And I have to say that's a very powerful moving average. Just looking at the semiconductor action today, it corrected all the way to that area and held. So it doesn't necessarily mean it is the low-low, but I would expect that that would be a point to be covering shorts with a potential bounce back up maybe to around that 4,500. Of course, if we get some real dramatic move and we break down underneath or we gap lower and break down underneath this 50-day moving average of 4,457, let's call it, with the sense behind it, then, yeah, clearly I'd be looking at around 4,400. And of course, things went really bad then we would be looking at that next point in the last dip area that we saw, which was at 4,367. Okay, hope that helps. You have a great afternoon, happy trading, and bye for now.


Generally, a firm looks for ways to reduce its risk exposure. Now derivatives as the name signifies, this is the tool, a financial tool rather that derives its value from some other underlying asset or any other object. It is a tool that is used by a modern day corporate firm in order to cut away some unwanted portion of the risk exposure or the firm can even transform the risk exposure into some other quite different forms. Derivative is a tool that is used to change the firm's risk exposure and in the finance world we see that the risk is undesirable for every individual and every corporate firm in the contemporary world. The individuals and firms chooses those risky projects or securities only if these projects and financial instruments offer required rate of return compensated the underlying risk. Derivative depends upon some primitive or underlying asset or object or security. Some examples of derivatives include options, forwards, tutors or webs. There are two types of derivatives. The first is the use as hedging. This means that taking a little risk to avoid some larger risk and the second use is the speculation of on derivatives. This means that to merely change or even increase the firm's risk exposure. It is notable that if the derivatives is based on some incorrect opinions then it may consequently be proved very costly to the firm or the individual who is using that derivative. Efficient market theory feels much difficult to difficulty to predict that in what ways the firm will behave. So far as the use of derivatives as speculation in instrument and as a hedge tool is concerned our literature shows that most experiences with the derivatives used as speculation have been found very bad compared to the derivatives used as a tool of hedging. Forward contracts. Forward contracts is a contract in which it is a contract between the two parties obligating the buyer to buy and seller to sell the object at a preset price on a given date. A forward is not an option it is an obligation for both of the parties involved therein by buying a forward mean agreeing to buy the object at a later or a preset date. In forward contract there is a deliverable instrument that means the object to trade. And by making delivery means the act of delivering the object to the buyer under this particular contract. Now for every order that cannot be delivered immediately the forward contracts take place in that particular type of order. Forward contract may be in both oral or return and forward contracts are generally a non cash transactions. Let come to future contract. A future forward contract when whose settlement takes place through a recognized trading exchange is termed as a future contract and in future contract the settlement price means the closing price for the day and by open interest means the day and number of outstanding contracts that are still waiting for settlement. There is some difference between future and forward. In future trades take place on a regular and recognized floor or an exchange. The second difference is that in future the seller can choose to deliver object to any date during the month of delivery. In future the prices are daily marked to market. This means that the liquid market allows to be netted off very quickly by the parties involved in the future contracts. In this way the present value of the cash flows to the buyer are seemed very less. In case the prices are increased once the purchase has been done and due to the element of liquidity there are less chances of default on future contracts.


And we have that TV at this point, and this crew, the members of the mission STS-86 are just outside their crew quarters in their dining facility. Wendy Lawrence, mission specialist is seated next to the rest of her crew members, which include Scott Parazinski, Mike or Dave Wolfe. Pilot Mike Bloomfield, of course our commander shown here. Jim Weatherby is a veteran shuttle flyer. This is his fourth flight that he's getting ready to participate with. And of course our mission specialist Dave Wolfe, who will be going up but not coming back. He will be staying on MIR for the next four months. Representative from the French space agency is Jean-Luc Cretion. He'll be flying on this flight as well as a representative from the Russian space agency Vladimir Titov. He is a very experienced astronaut, cosmonaut, and he will be one of the two EVA crew members for this flight. And they are all ready to take our picture, of course, our cameramen who are familiar to the crew members. Again, the exact time of launch will be announced about 90 minutes before liftoff, but our best estimate at this time, based on the location of the MIR space station, launch will occur at about 10, 34 and 19 seconds. And we do have live TV of the flight crew. The seven members of our flight team are in their crew quarters making last minute preparations, being suited for this mission. Jim Weatherby is being attended to. He has his helmet on. He, of course, is preparing for his. And his pilot is Mike Bloomfield, and he is preparing for his first shuttle mission. He is a graduate of the U.S. Air Force Academy. A mission specialist, Wendy Lawrence, the only female aboard this flight, making her second trip into space aboard the shuttle. Her first flight was on mission STS-67, looking at another mission specialist. This looks like Scott Parazinski. The member of the team who will be going up and staying on MIR is mission specialist Dave Wolfe, and this will be his second trip on the shuttle. He will remain on MIR for the next four months, replacing Mike Fohl, who has been on MIR since May. Wolfe is scheduled to be the sixth astronaut to live aboard MIR, and he will officially become a member of the MIR crew after Atlantis and MIR dock on Saturday afternoon.  Actually, he is the chief of the French astronaut office. Vladimir Titov also is a member of this crew. He will be making his second flight on the shuttle, but this is his fifth flight overall. He became a cosmonaut back in 1976. Also at the launch pad is the final inspection team. They were formerly known as the ICE and debris assessment team, but they are currently working their way around the launch structure. This is a team of engineers and safety personnel. They were dispatched by the pad by launch director Jim Harrington, following the cryogenic tanking operations. This is shuttle launch control. We've just left our hold at T-minus three hours, and we are counting at T-minus two hours and 58 minutes. And we have live TV of our flight crew as they are on the third floor. The crew quarters making preparations to get on the elevator. Go down two floors and get on the astronaut van to be driven out to the pad. The seven members of the STSA-6 crew being led by Jim Weatherby, followed by pilot Michael Bloomfield, mission specialist Vladimir Titov, Scott Parazinski, Jean-Louis Cretion, Wendy Lawrence, and David Wolff. Also, we have a view of the commander in his commander's seat from the inside of the Atlantis. And MS-4 in at this time. Okay, I'll do that. 536 to the testing. Okay, I'll do that. OTC on two on two. I'll personnel set dual interrupt notification. We'll be activated momentarily. It may cause the initiation of error messages at systems consoles to interrupt monitor parameters currently out of GLF limits. And CMQC, OTC? QC. 162, please. Copy. NTT, NTD, GLT, project. OTC asked. Go ahead. Caution warning volume adjust complete. The ISO at side 27. It looks like Scott is preparing a note. I love you, Gail and little Luke. See you back on Earth in 10 days. And of course, that is certainly the schedule for this mission. And he wishes them well. CAPCOM in Houston, MS-5, bird ground contract. MS-5 Houston. Dave, I have you loud and clear. How's it going, just two? I'm from right here, Florida dock. Looking forward to the ascent with you. This great crew up front. We are too. And a great crew on the ground watching everything and it's where it goes right. Safety and mission assurance. Safety and mission assurance is go. Copy that. Range well. Roger sir, we have no constraints to launch. Copy that. Top flight action. The MMT is go for launch. Copy that. And Atlantis. Looks like everything's coming together. And we wish you a great voyage and a great mission. And we'll see you back here on the fifth. Great flow for Atlantis. Thanks to all the folks who worked on the processing of the vehicle. What do you say? We take you to space, Jim. Roger that. NTD, you're clear to launch. Copy. Zaragoza has gone to forecast broken deck. Your new Tau site will be Morone. That's site number three. Nominal lane point. Nominal speed break. Altimeter, there's two niner. Niner, niner. Windsor 050 at four. Also, Ben Gerear is going to be a go forecast. T-minus three minutes, 30 seconds and counting. And final arrow surface checks of the orbiters. Wing, elevons and rudders are being completed. This verifies the orbiters hydraulic systems are up and operational. Roger that. I'll do that. And Atlantis OTC, close and launch your visors. And into your two-flow, have a good trip. One by eyes. Just leave it and give our best for the near crew. Ten, nine, eight, seven. We have a go for maintenance. Five, four, three, two, one. Booster ignition and liftoff of the Spatial Atlantis. Extending America's presence in space while opening new chapters in exploration. Houston now controlled program initiated to place Atlantis on its heads down track over the Atlantic. Which is at 104% preparing the throttle down to 67% for Max-Q passing through the period of maximum aerodynamic pressure on the vehicle. Engine's throttling down now. Engine's at 67. Three engines at 67 now passing through maximum aerodynamic pressure at 58 seconds. Atlantis moving at 1,000 miles per hour now. Altitude 8.8 miles. Downrange 5.8 miles. Three engines back at 104%. Now Atlantis moving at 1,600 miles per hour. Atlantis, that is a dooser. Copy and concur. Three good fuel cells. Three good APUs. Three engines running at 104%. Atlantis now moving at over 2,000 miles per hour. 18.4 miles in altitude. Downrange 16 miles. About 15 seconds away from solid rocket booster separation. Atlantis moving at 2,800 miles per hour. Have solid rocket booster separation confirmed. Guidance converging. Performance nominal. Performance during first stage. Considered nominal now. Three engines running at 104% as intended. Three good APUs. Three good fuel cells. Atlantis now 48 miles downrange.


Hi there, my name is Sandy Allnach. I'm an artist and paper crafter here on YouTube and I am starting Christmas videos a little early I apologize to those who aren't ready in September but I have a lot of background ideas for Christmas cards that I wanted to start to share and Since they do take a little while to do I also thought it would be good to start sharing them early so that you have time if you want to do a couple of special Christmas cards with some fancy backgrounds in them that you could do that and This series may turn into being with multiple mediums, but it's focusing on Copics this month also because I'm using some new stamps Every Wednesday this month from Stamping Bella. This little one is called Christmas Tug of War and I love the ones that have dogs and cats in them because I'm an animal lover and I just love color and little critters and this little guy on the left is a kitty cat And I know my hands in the way my big fat hand, but with a lot of these cat and dog stamps I love to color them so that they look like critters that I have or have had Or if the card is going to go to a particular recipient I'll often color it with the colors of their animal so that they end up getting a card that has their babies on it But this particular one looks a bit like punch He's got sort of these stripes on one side of his face which is very distinctive if you've ever seen pictures of my boy and So I'm just I've got an underlayer of a light gray and I'm just adding some darker gray lines on it So I just looked at his little body to figure out what would be the best way to approach Creating these kind of stripes for him He's got a little bit of warm gray and cool gray in him So I'm kind of going over it to soften some of that line work that I did You can do your line work on top if you want the lines to be a little sharper But I wanted them to get a little softer so he looks a little bit fuzzy So I'm doing colors over top of it and that helps to just smooth out the look a little bit He's got a little darker line down the middle of his back too So now I'm going over top of this With a little darker color because it just started looking a little bit too pockmarked Too many little details everywhere So just working on a couple techniques to smooth that out a little bit and give him a little more depth on his back that also made his head pull forward as I put dark color behind his head and Then I looked at him while I was doing this to say okay now What do we do? I wanted to add a little bit more brown to it He doesn't have much brown in him But that just totally helps to pull that warm grayish look in there with just a little tiny touch of the brown But this totally looks like him Except he's not as chubby as this cute little kitty is And then there's this little dog. Yeah, I colored it in the colors of my old golden retriever, but It's not a golden retriever obviously because it's a little portly pudgy cute little pup and I'm using some different colors I wanted to try You know in the next couple months. I want to try giving some love to colors that I don't normally use and the Y2 Family is one that I've often used for gold objects So if you're coloring something that's you know for Christmas, you're doing a Christmas bulb or Ornament or something a lot of times I'll use this combination for those but I thought what would that look like on a dog and That is what I'm doing here I'm just using a couple of the Y2s the Y2 8 is a little on the greenish side So I didn't use that one, but I started with the Y2 6 For a darkish color and then just kind of working my way through some of the lighter Y2 markers Since this pup wasn't trying to look like a particular dog It was kind of nice to be able to just jump in and add some contrast some pop of a different color So I went one over on the color wheel to find a YR that would work And that is going to give me a good dark color almost like a brown, but it's not quite a brown. It's got a little more Brightness in it since it's a YR color So that is one thing that you can do if you're having trouble finding a color in your stash That goes with something go one step over on the color wheel or one digit Over in the the first of the two digits That will give you something related to the color that you're using but not too far off to make it difficult to do the blending So I'm just gonna add a little bit of contrast all the way around to try to get him to Have a little more roundness and depth to him And go over the top with my lightest color just so I can smooth out some of those areas But since he is so cute and pudgy I also decided I wanted to add a little bit of texture to him I wanted him to still look a bit like a fuzzy dog So I'm gonna add a little contrast with an E23 and that's gonna give me just a little bit more pop To those dark areas and then I'm gonna go in with my tip of my marker I'm holding it fairly vertically and using a really light touch to add just a few little lines So he looks furry because furry is always good, but notice. I'm not doing fur all over the entire thing I'm just doing fur in the dark area into the mid-tone Because if you do it everywhere, he could end up looking like he's got chicken pox Okay So the packages in here are gonna be red and green now This is one of those stamp sets that you could use all year long So if you're looking for ones that have a little more shelf life than just Christmas It would be really easy to add a happy birthday message to this one And use this stamp set all year long and not really have to Worry about holding it just for Christmas I like stamp sets like that just because I don't have to put it away Because I put all my Christmas stamps away after the season's over to wait until I'm start Starting to make the following year's cards And then I have a whole bunch of stamps that I bought that don't see the light of day all year long So this is one of those ones that you can color in all different kinds of color combinations And end up with really cute cards any time But I'm just going to use some reds and greens In order to bring that Christmas feel to this And I'll do a few more things in the background that we're going to get to in just a moment If you tuned in for the fence background, we will be there momentarily I'm just going to add a little bit of red to the bow on his head I originally was thinking about making it another green bow since they Obviously would have had green out while they were wrapping the package But I thought the the red contrast would be good So that I bring that red into a little different area of the card and then the green is that pop Which is what they're tugging on and having a little tug of war fight with So it adds a little more emphasis to that Now to get started on the fence I decided on gray because the gray is going to contrast With the majority of the colors that are already in here If I were to do a brown it might accidentally melt into the brown dog And I didn't want that to happen So I covered the whole thing with a base coat of a light color I made lines those You can see I didn't use a ruler didn't get real careful with them I made the heavy lines between the boards with a very dark marker It was a number 10 and you can use the C's the ends the T's whatever And then I went for a mid tone ish like a darker of the mid tones a number seven to make the green of the wood And you can see here. I am not being real careful with it It's not lining up exactly in tiny corners or anything Just let it be Lines just all kinds of wood if you want to google what wood looks like you can certainly do that And find different kinds of wood But use a darkish kind of color For the texture of the wood itself And I just went through the whole thing and added that now There's some areas that you'll have to maybe be a little careful right inside the bows I didn't worry about making the lines inside the bows because that's a lot of fussing And in the next step, you'll see how unnecessary that is So because the next step is going to be to go in with a color That's a mid tone but a darker mid tone not as dark as the colors that you already used for the lines So that was a number seven I used for the The grain in the wood and now I'm going over it all with a number six That's going to pull all that color together So it's going to look like a piece of wood a little gray fence As opposed to letting all those lines be so distracting Because you can see how how much they get a little more subtle You could do those darker lines on top, but then you'd have a real strong contrast This color on top with the the mid tone gray Allows that to kind of melt together and become a little more of a background element Because some of the things that you may find as you try to start doing some backgrounds Is you need to keep them At a distance and a fuzzier background image will allow the images in the front To sing and to be the important things So I just want to cross the entire image With that mid tone gray You might want to test on a piece of scratch paper a different combination of grays Which one is going to look better for what you want And then to create a sky on the top. I just went over it with a really dark blue You can use any of the dark blues and then I made a little bit of division in between each one of the Boards on the fence so that it looks like like a fence Doesn't even have to be even it could be really kind of soft and squishy like that And I did end up going over it one more time before getting to the final card So here I'm adding a little bit of white detail to some of the things on here the ribbon on top I wanted to make sure that that Popped on top of his head and didn't look like it disappeared too much into the background So I added some white dots to it with my white pen and had added some to the gift as well And then the kitty had melted a little bit into that gray background So I just put a few little highlights made some white Spots on the tail that sort of thing and then on a highlight area on both his back and on the tail I just added a little bit of a white line to make sure that those things popped and didn't disappear into that background Next up is just adding a little bit of snow to the scene Especially on Christmas scenes anything during the holidays if you add snow Really helps to just add a little bit of fun and difference to the the card and as well it also adds A little bit of distraction. So if there's anything in the background that didn't get colored perfectly Just look at the snow and people will be happy. They will totally love seeing all that that beautiful snow on the card Notice that I'm putting some snow over top of the images themselves Just some carefully placed snowflakes so that it looks like it's snowing in front of them not just behind them Here's the finished card which I just had to glue onto a piece of card stock for my card base How simple is that I love when I don't have to actually figure out a card design because I've spent so much time coloring and so much love Has been poured into it that it doesn't need anything else and it's nice and flat for mailing too Nice and inexpensive for the holidays So there's going to be three more in this series this month with stamping Bella There's going to be more throughout the entire fall. So please feel free to hit that subscribe button So you can get lots more Click the link in the doobly-doo to go over to my blog to enter to win this stamp set Which would be a lot of fun so you could recreate this card And stay tuned all month long for lots more and throughout the fall Again, apologize for starting Christmas so early, but Christmas will be here before we know it Take care you guys. See you next time


Welcome to Toffy TV, it is the Everton News Daily. Marco Silver has held his press conference ahead of tomorrow's game with Knowledge City at Gooderson Park. First and foremost, he spoke about Moise Keane, obviously not involved in the last squad against Southampton. He is in the squad for tomorrow's game after obviously scoring a couple of goals for the Italian under 21s in the week, which is good. He wanted to stress that it was, and he said these words that was important to note that Keane's both goals come from the right hand side of the strikers in a front three. I think he's had a bit of criticism for starting the player in the league cup game against Watford on that position and taking them off a halftime. I think Marco Silver wanted to stress that Keane can play in that position and maybe that, him saying that opens the door to think that maybe that's a position he thinks that he has the best chance of getting in this Everton team at. Maybe he thinks that centre floor isn't the position for him right now and he'll get more joy playing on that right hand side. We'll have to wait and see tomorrow. I fully expect really to see a walker to start again, but that might be a position that he comes in and we see him hopefully kickstart his Everton career on that right hand side. I'll have to wait and see. Keane trained and obviously he's trained all week since he came back, little video of him on the Everton website of him having a bit of a laugh coming into the chain as well. So he looks like he's in good spirits and I don't think there's any problems there at all. Marco said he wants to play in our team, he's working hard, players with more experience in him for example for being how I've come to the Premier League and not played much at first. I think what he's basically saying is to have him calm down, it's going to take time for him to get into the team or just to adjust to English football, his new set, his new surroundings.  There's been calls for him to go to Roma so we can play more football so we can get in that Italian squad for the Euros. They obviously rate him very highly but if he's not playing games of football there's a lot of other players who can take his place and have taken his place. So hopefully he's involved at some point tomorrow and hopefully he gets on the pitch and hopefully we start seeing him doing things. Because let's be honest we're coming to a busy period of football now and he will get opportunities to play. I think he's got to be ready to take those opportunities, I think that's the only thing you can say, going forward. On the injury fronts, Michael Silver said Shane Toten is fit. He obviously didn't play for taking in there two games over the international weekend. He's taken qualified for the Euros with a draw against Iceland so that was an important game so we obviously clearly was injured. He said he's okay, he's fit to play so we'll have to wait and see whether he continues up front at home tomorrow. On Bernard and Fabriand Delth he said they are doubts, he said it's possible but there's still big doubts. So could be a case of maybe Bernard being on the bench whether the manager wants to rush them back again. Is it worth rushing them back when we've got all these games coming up where we want them 100% fit? Maybe they will be fit by tomorrow, maybe that fitness test and they'll be ready to go. I don't know, we'll have to wait and see. On Jake Gomez he said it's step by step he's been coming in for rehabilitation but obviously we all know that it's going to take a long time. But he's saying it's step by step and there's no time limit on that. And it's also the same on Gwbaman and he said there's no day for Gwbaman either. Obviously we're hoping to have him back by the New Year Army around January time so we'll have to wait and see. On the game himself he said it's a must win. People keep on saying it's a must win so he said it is again, it's a must win for us and it's a must win for them. Not a city have got quite a few injuries tomorrow so this gives heaven a fantastic opportunity. I think to get the three points tomorrow and get ourselves up that table a little bit. So we're looking up rather than looking down and ahead of the fixtures in December which again look difficult when you look at them all in one big go. But if you take them one game at a time, we're playing teams that will all be facing injuries and suspensions and these kind of things. Hopefully we can win more than we lose. So do you have it? Not a tremendous amount of other stuff going on today just Marco really. He spoke about the VAR as well I must have said. He spoke about the VAR and he basically just said everyone knows what our thoughts are about the football club. And he said people need to look at the Brighton game with VAR in mind. We'll be sitting here with four wins out of the last five if VAR had worked properly like it was supposed to. They're the five margins aren't they supposed for a manager. What happened after the penalty at Brighton I thought was poor from us. But he is right if that penalty hadn't happened we probably would have seen off the game as we did against Southampton. It's five margins in the Premier League and if things are not going your way in terms of the officials or injuries it's difficult. So let's just get a win tomorrow and push up the table. There you go. Make sure to check out our other videos, the match preview, the start and 11 show. If you haven't watched part one and part two of the Duncan Fagerson interview where have you been go and check that out. It is amazing. Absolutely amazing. Make sure you check out both of them as well. Don't just watch one and go on. I'm a bother about this coaching. Watch that. It's fascinating as well. Fascinating insight to life after football. I'm certainly playing football for Duncan Fagerson. And there's plenty more as well on Patreon as well if you want to sign up for that. The link is in the description. Thanks for watching Toffy TV. I'll see you later.


how to mark up your woodworking components so you don't get confused. A woodworker is Paul Carlson here, a small workshop guy.  And it involved a lot of blue tape and a lot of letters and numbers and matching things that joints and stuff. And I asked people if they had a different marking system in the comments. And I got a couple of people who responded with a very simple carpenter's triangles or cabinet maker's triangles. So I did a lot of research, couldn't find it for a long time and then finally, finally discovered it. I actually found some marking systems for Czechoslovakia and Poland and Great Britain and everywhere, but the good old USA. And finally I found a fine woodworking magazine September slash October 2013 article and this is my future marking system. Let's start with the simplest of all things. You're dimensioning some boards, you're running them over your jointer or you have used your number seven bench plane in order to get a nice flat surface. So you mark it with a squiggle. You want to decide which edge you're going to make as 90 degrees to that flat surface and then get that to be, ooh, a little splinter there. Welcome to the workshop. That's what happens. So anyway, get your 90 degree edge, check it with a combination square or a dual square. Make sure it's nice and 90 degrees to that flat face. Don't worry about what it is to anything else and mark that with a little. I think you'd call that a carrot kind of two thirds of a triangle and mark the two where they come together. Now we've got perfect reference surfaces for the future. Now you know what to put up against the fence. You know what to put down in the thickness planer. You've got that board that you've dimension and you're going to probably do 50 boards like this for a decent project. So get them all marked so you don't lose track of which one is flat and your reference surface. All right, that's simple enough. I want to take just a minute and ask you just a few favors. Number one, I want to thank my patrons. I would welcome more patrons. There is some expense to maintaining a YouTube channel with software subscription fees and so forth. And then I'd love it if you'd comment on the video and if you if you liked it, give it a like and subscribe if you haven't subscribed to my channel. Also, we have a woodworking group over on Facebook called Small Workshop Woodworking Community.  If you were doing a table top, some sort of a dining room table or something and you got all of your wood dimension and you have picked the grain, you know, taking the pieces of wood and put them together and look for the perfect grain and put any imperfections maybe down and done all of that work. Once you've decided how you want it set up, then use a triangle draw a triangle on it. The article I read said to point the triangle toward the front. In other words, I'm pretending that I'm over there where the camera is and this is the front over here. And so I'm going to draw a triangle pointing to the front. Now, I think the articles I saw in Europe said just the opposite. If you're standing over here, you're going to put the triangle pointing away from you. So your US market pointing toward the front. That's like a table top. What if you were talking about the back to a case of some sort. So you picked all the right stuff. You said, hey, I don't like that perfection there. So let's get rid of that. Oh, there it is there, but it's less. It's less there. I've got a mark. I decided that this is the way I want it in the back of my case. This is going to be the top here that I've got holding up. So if it's the vertical piece, the rule is to market with the same triangle across all three pieces. And with the apex of the triangle pointing what will be up. So this is always indicates up. So the convention is if it's a horizontal item, then the front of the triangle is pointing to what is the front. If it's a vertical item, the apex of the triangle is pointing to what is up. Now I want you to notice something about these three pieces when I separate them. All three of them have at least two marks. So that's another rule. Don't ever mark a triangle so that there's only one line on a workpiece. There always needs to be two lines so that it's very definitive how things go back together. So usually you want them ganged up and mark them and then if they get separated for some purpose, then you separate them. You can tell when these are separated how that triangle would go together. It certainly wouldn't go together this way anyhow, you know.  What if you were doing a box? Here's the ugliest box in the world. But let's say that this is my drawer for a cabinet.  So I would put the front and the back together and mark them with a triangle. Isosceles triangle, meaning all three sides are approximately equal in a real isosceles triangle. They're all exactly equal but you're probably not going to draw them that well. Anyway, put the top and bottom together, mark a triangle pointing toward the front of the box or of the drawer. Put the two sides together and mark it with a triangle pointing to the front of the drawer. Then when you separate them and you've scrambled and you've sanded and you've done all sorts of things and you want to get it back together, it's very quick to figure out. Hey, that's the front. This is the top. There's the two sides. They point this direction. I've decided they're that way, not this other way. Here's the back and it's aimed that way. And so I've decided how my box is to be built. Once I mark it with my magical triangles, I can build my box that way. Let's get a little more complex. What if I wanted to build some sort of a cabinet that had shelves in it? So here I got three shelves. I got two sides. I got a kicker and I got whatever you call this, stretcher across here. All right, take my three shelves, put them together and mark them with the triangle pointing up. Now I can tell what's the face of my shelf because that's the thing with the mark on it. I can tell if this is the top one, the middle one or the bottom one by simply seeing how the triangle would be formed. And I can't turn them upside down. I really can't get them in the wrong orientation. So making sure that you keep your orientation is critical. Particularly when you're dealing with doing like dovetail joints and you've got to keep track of the outside show face of your tails and your pins and you don't want to get those messed up. So triangles work out really well for that. All right, the two sides, I would have had them together and drawn my triangle. Then when I separate them, I can easily see what's up on my sides, what's down, which one's right, which one's left and so forth.  So I can see that, hey, this one goes like this. It doesn't go upside down like that. It doesn't go backwards like that. I've looked at it and I've decided that this is the way I want it. So I mark it. I can always do it that way. So there is your little bit more complex cabinet. What about feet or to a chair or to a stool or something of that nature? So let's say we're going to build an ottoman and I'm going to have four different feet, but they're going to get tapered on the outsides, all of the outsides and the insides are going to stay square. Once I've looked at the feet that I want to put together before I've done any profiling, I want to know exactly which one is going to be the left front, which one is going to be the right front and the left back and the right back. To do that, I cannot just mark them with a simple triangle because I've got kind of like two cents. And if I mark just these two with a simple triangle, it's not enough information to keep me from mixing up pieces. If I've decided I want them in a certain way with a certain orientation, then this is the way to mark them so you can keep them that way. Use a right triangle. So on this one here and this one, the apex goes to the front and the bottom part goes to the back. This also, with the right triangle, shows me that this is the outside edge of these two feet. Now again, you've got to use your imagination to assume that there's some depth here going down. But I bet you can handle that, right? So this is the top profile of four feet. Use a right triangle. Use a mirror image of that right triangle on the other two feet. I can now really quickly put them together. And the problem is, you know, you might be doing something where the chair's got two comparable feet. The ottoman has two feet. You're doing two sets of everything. So you've got a lot of legs to try to keep straight. If you have multiple pairs of legs or of anything, then you could just simply go to a convention of adding a second line. So this would be like my second set of four feet. And so I have started adding an additional line on at least each of the pieces. There's at least two lines that says this is set number two. If I had set number three, I'd maybe have three lines. All right, so mark your feet where there's four items with right triangles. Full around with that, you'll see why it works. Pretty cool. And all we're doing here is we just have isosceles triangles or right triangles for everything. So let's suppose that I've got this cabinet and I'm going to have a couple of doors on a cabinet. But the doors are going to open and close and they're going to be identical except for where they're hinged. Or maybe they are. Maybe you've got a little fancier design. So when you figure out from your view and standing in front of the cabinet, what's going to be the right door and the left door, you don't need the right, right door, left door on there. All you need to do is your right triangles. So put a right triangle on the panel of each pointing opposite direction so you know which way that panel goes. I now know this is the top of the panel. It's going to be this way. I'm not going to turn it over accidentally. Maybe my grain wouldn't match the way I want it to if I did that. And so here are my two panels marked. I know the outside. I know the top. I know the bottom. I know this is the face, not this. And I got all that information. Again, marked in a way that I can send it and get it off. Then I put my two styles together. Before this is formed, I put these two outside styles together and I do a right triangle facing out, you know, over the flat side or the right triangle on the inside. And then I put these two styles together and do the same thing. My two rails here, right triangle. In this case, facing to the left and right triangle facing to the right. Everything, I just simply cannot put that back together in a wrong way. That's really all I have. Just carry a similar system through to lots of things that you mark up. I want to feel like a real woodworker as I progress with my skills. So I'm going to drop by blue tape approach and I'm going to start learning how to do the triangles. I'm going to keep these models just for reference until it becomes ingrained in the old gray matter. And when I say old gray matter, I mean old gray matter. So you might do the same thing. If you build some little models, then keep them for reference. That is what I have for you today. A really simple cabinet makers triangle marking system or woodworkers marking system. And it's the only consistent convention that I've been able to find and it was pretty hard to find.  Now we learn things on YouTube and this seems to be a topic not covered in YouTube. So I'm glad I could fill the void. Now I will now, as I go ahead at this and do another search, I'll find 400 videos on stay safe in your workshop and enjoy your life. Small workshop guy signing off.