So, hi everyone and welcome back day one of Embedded Open Source Summit, second talk of the day, so hopefully you'll get a nice opening to this week full of very cool events. Let's start with our title. This is when we originally planned this presentation, this is the title we came up with, and I think it's pretty catchy, porting an AI-powered, wearable health monitor to Zephyr on open hardware. Our goal for the project was to embed ourselves more into the Zephyr project and learn more about some open hardware we wanted to try out and software. However, reality of embedded software development and computer science in general is that, well, as you most know here, plans don't always exactly go as we want them to. So if we were actually to retitle the presentation so it more accurately reflects what we spent most of our time working on this project, it definitely wouldn't be this. It would be sort of something like this. But again, this is not as catchy and it's definitely a bit too long, but it definitely kind of encapsulates what we worked on. So, Guba, why don't you tell us what will we cover today? Yeah, sure. So our presentation follows a standard war story flow where we touch upon each subject and then cover how things were supposed to look like and what they actually were in reality. So who are we? So this is me on the left. I'm currently leading a team at Tietoevry for Undisclosed Client. And we're doing 5G networks, L1, L2 stock. I also graduated some time ago from MSC and embedded systems. And in my free time I do some sports and, well, climbing, surfing, windsurfing, etc. But I'm currently after my new ACL reconstruction, so I might be slow to walk around. And this is Shimon. Yeah, hi all. And this is Jakub, by the way. So I'm an open technology engineer at Avanad, which basically means I get to play around with some open source during working hours, which is always cool. I'm currently co-chairing the Carbon OSDK project, which is a green software foundation project. Feel free to check it out afterwards. There are links, basically all the blue hyperlinks will be links to the actual project. And I'm also a final year Masters of Engineering, Computer Science student at the University College London. In my spare time I dabbled in the areas of game development, embedded systems, IoT, and I'm pretty crazy about windsurfing. So what the motivation was for our project? It was a goal to create a health-wearable monitor that can measure the blood pressure in a non-invasive way using photoplatismography. I'll tell you in a moment what's that. So why choose this problem? Initially it was a part of the Design for a Cause competition that we took part in and it was during the pandemic and we all know how everything was overwhelmed back then. I guess everyone has already fed up with this topic, so I won't dig into it more. And what it allowed for? It allowed for monitoring elderly people and even ourselves with our smartwatches, for example. It was a non-invasive way to monitor our vital signals. And of course we chose it to learn new things, so that's why we ported it to Zephyr. So the original plan, original project was basically looking like this. It was based on closed source Arduino Nano 33 IoT that was connected to Max 30102 PPG sensor. It also had a small LCD display and some buttons for actuators. It was a low-power device, so it went into sleep and deep sleep, etc. And since it wasn't capable of having a full AI model deployed on-premises, we used AWS Lambda for the inference part and it communicated using MQTT. Also since not everywhere Wi-Fi was present, a companion app was necessary to be able to communicate with the Wi-Fi. As I mentioned, it was originally a part of a competition. Basically on the right you can see a nice 3D model we did back when we were developing the project. And then on the left you can see how it actually looked printed out and fully assembled. So in my opinion it looks really nice. It's pretty bulky for a health monitor right, but bear in mind this was just a prototype to test the theory of ours. And all of the blogs and info about that project you can find through the URLs here on Jakobsblog. So obviously the next step for this project was to bring this to open source. Open source RTOS and some open hardware. So say hello to Zephyr and Qwiklogic EOS is free.  Yeah, sure. So our new hardware was Qwiklogic Qt+, which was running EOS S3 SoC which allowed, well, it combined and embedded FPGA with ARM Cortex M4 MCU which was capable of deploying machine learning models directly on the board. That's why we basically chose it. The reality was a little bit different. We'll tell you a little bit why in a moment. So what was the key selling point to us? What were the key selling points? So it had sensor fusion engine, so flexible fusion engine and sensor manager that basically offloaded computations on sensors and data collection. It had the embedded FPGA. It was low power SoC, apparently allows for I2S always on PDM microphone data collection, so it sounds pretty cool. So we all should know that all fans change when met with reality. As a quote of Helmut von Moltke, I found from 19th century says, well, no plan survives first contact with the enemy. In our case, the enemy was, I guess, trusting the branding side of the SoC and not actually looking too deeply in the Zephyr source code before committing to the particular board. We may have mentioned or we haven't, basically they stated they had full Zephyr support for the board, which there was Zephyr support, I agree that, but full was a tiny bit of a stretch. Don't get me wrong, we really, really like the SoC. It's very fun to work with now. It has a lot of very cool features. It's really low power and it's really powerful for how little it is, but it was definitely a little bit difficult to get started. However, in hindsight, if we didn't have to deal with all of these issues and this project didn't turn into kind of a war story, we'd never learned so much about the actual hardware, we'd never be able to add some Zephyr support for it and we wouldn't learn so much about Zephyr. So the first issue that came about when we got the board was, well, with board splashing, pretty generic. When we received the boards, we were very excited to get started and start coding right away. Unfortunately, after trying to flash some, cast some cortex and four applications and doing some digging on GitHub and seeing that, well, nothing was really flashing to the board, we realized that the bootloader of the board was completely worked. It just didn't work, the one that came with it. So this was the first issue we encountered and luckily we found some correct sources on QuickLogic forum and GitHub for reflashing it with a jailing debugger and what to follow. They had some specific program to load up on the board and this worked perfectly fine for Jakub as he had a jailing with him. Unfortunately for me at the time, Jakub was in Warsaw, I was in London, I didn't have a jailing. All I had was an ST link and open OCD. So I decided to take an open source alternative route and try it out. And yeah, so I went for open OCD and tried. Unfortunately for me, I quickly realized that the flash driver was not upstreamed to open OCD and, well, I'm guessing everyone is aware of the open OCD debugger project so I will not be introducing it. Recently I jumped to open OCD's IRC and checked in with the community where I could find more info about it and was pointed to a patch by Paul Furster that actually added an EOSS-free flashing driver. So I rebased, it was a little bit outdated because it didn't get merged in at the time when he wrote it. So I rebased it and tried it out, basically, yeah. Unfortunately, as you might have guessed by now, it did not work. It failed on flashing when sending a read ID, RGID, SPI flash command and never actually oh, never. It didn't receive the proper ID of the onboard flash when doing that, of the quick thing, plus board. So instead what I actually received, if you look at the red line at the very top was a bunch of zeros. And what I wanted to get was GD256Q16CID, which is written out down there. I spent, well, basically a week trying to understand how open OCD works a little bit more because I never actually had to dig into it and what was wrong with the driver and I tried even forcing the driver to select the correct flash device no matter what, so just to pick that flash device and try writing on the board, see what happens. As you might have guessed, since that command didn't go through, this didn't go too well, I completely destroyed the boot load that was already on board. It just, when I plugged it in, nothing happened. Yeah, that was not cool. So at the time, I was a bit, well, pressured by time because I wanted to get this done before this event as well and also I didn't want to continue sitting on this without much progress. So I put it aside. I grabbed myself a J-Link which I'm not most proud of, but I'm planning to get back into this and actually upstream the fix for the patch. So future folks working with this won't have the same issue. So yeah, so I moved on from that and went on to using a J-Link. I flashed it, worked fine. So now I have a bootloader, Kuba has a bootloader, ready to go, ready to go into Zephyr. Yeah, so about that, well, it turned out that some peripherals were not really supported, we had Clocks and UART and then we decided, yeah, let's connect a sensor. NGPOs. NGPOs, yeah, well, mostly. And yeah, we went on to adding the support to sensor manager. Well, it turns out that this is a very low-power DSP that has its own programming language and it turned out that adding support for that in Zephyr might be a little bit too much. So, yeah, what we did, we thought that, yeah, I square C devices are mapped on the wishbone bus, so let's just use the I square C directly. And yes and no, it turned out that it also had some steps in order to work. And we decided to ditch the sensor manager for now. Maybe we'll add support for it sometime in the future, but Robert from Quick Logic told us that only a handful of their clients were using it successfully and it had an obscure technical reference manual, so we decided to do that. I square C. And yeah, I started to port the hull of this board to Zephyr and coded the initial code for I square C support and then Shimon to cover it. So I'll cover that. So basically, what did we end up doing to improve the boards and the SOX support on Zephyr? We started by reading a lot of QuickLogic's Quark SDK code and previous Antmicro's sponsor of this conference. So shout out to them. Work on the entries effort to support, which we're very, very grateful for because it gave us a very, very solid starting point. The Quark SDK is basically a VRTOS fork developed by QuickLogic. And we added I square C and wishbone bus support to the hardware abstraction layer module for Zephyr. And then we added the actual I square C driver for USS3 in Zephyr. Yeah, so I'm just looking around it to see the screen as well, if I'm not missing anything. So why did we actually have to do that? As you can see, we're just jumping here back for a second. This is the sensor posting subsystem on the SOC and there is what's called a flexible fusion engine. And that is connected to the wishbone buses. And that's basically how we are communicating with the I square C bus for the wishbone bus for the flexible fusion engine. So the first blocker we had when porting the HAL that was already there for the VRTOS version to Zephyr was that the flexible fusion engine was not enabled. It was being enabled somewhere in the VRTOS version, but was never done for the Zephyr port. So what we did here is we read through that. We looked at the technical reference manual. And we modified the code in the SOC's initialization, which is located, I put the reference to it. And SOC, the program that runs on SOC initialization.  And then finally, routing those clock signals to the actual I2C peripherals. After enabling the flexible fusion engine, I actually got to test the I2C HAL on Zephyr. And I first introduced a small change to it to fix a bug, which I discovered at the time, where when I was testing the HAL on Quiklogic VRTOS. Basically, after each wishbone bus transmission that actually went out to the I2C devices data register, there was a tiny delay for the message to actually be transmitted or received. And the actual bug happens when there is another wishbone bus write or read command right after that. And then the FFE is still busy handling the previous command. And according to how the code was wrote at the time, it just crashed. So the I2C command failed. How I actually discovered the bug was pretty funny, because I just added, well, the classic way of adding print statements after every single wishbone bus send. And this introduced enough delay for the message to start going, because I was like, OK, it fails at this print. So let's see what happens before the print when I remove it. And then I knew step by step in which section it failed. So what I did is I added a busy loop that waited for the register to clear up after each such command. And at the moment, that's how I added it. It worked fine for me. So for now, I'm keeping it. Maybe there is a better option, but I thought this might be the best one for now. And after that, I was very excited to get to the actual driver adding stage, having worked a little bit with Zephyr before. I beforehand tried adding support for a board called view terminal, which I managed to add some enable support, but then someone else picked it up and actually now have support for the board. So thanks be to them. But this gave me some experience to know that after having some drivers, it goes pretty much downhill from there for up development. So I implemented the driver based on the how that you've seen previously. And we found some really great resources from last year's Zephyr project developer summit on driver development by, sorry if I put your name, Gerard Maru-Paretas. And it really helped us a lot to get a good understanding of how drivers works in the Zephyr system. It was a bit tricky for me being not really a kernel deaf and the Zephyr newbie to implement the driver, but manageable. So we followed the logical, like the normal flow of modifying the driver's CMake list to build the files we want for the driver, add the kconfig file for our driver, modify the main kconfig file to import that other kconfig file, then add the DTS bindings in the proper location for it, and finally add the actual source code for the driver. And well, at the very end, update the SOC's DTS to include the new peripheral, the new I2C peripheral. A quick note of what I had an issue with at the time is I mistyped the binding, so it did not match the DT driver compact macro defined in the C source code. And well, I've learned, however, that this is very much crucial for the actual driver to ever be linked properly and to be included in the DTS. So finally, after adding the actual source code for the driver, it was time to get to the actual adding of I2C peripherals, I2C devices. So, as predicted by us previously, and what we are very happy with, adding the sensor, the SP02 sensor Max3010 support, was basically as simple as adding a DTS definition, right? We just dropped it in the device DTS with where the I2C is defined. We had to change a few configs just to configure our device. Yeah, small thing, you may notice that on the right, it's 30101 and we use 30102, which are pretty similar, so that's why we decided to use the existing driver. Yeah, there is a, thanks, Kuba, there is a driver in Zephyr 3 for Max30101 device, which is yeah, similar enough to Max30102, there's just a difference in the first one has another LED, which we just don't have to use, so it wasn't too big. And we just used that, we then set up the driver, enabled those two LEDs we wanted to use, so IR and LED, we changed the current of the pulses of the LEDs to not be maximum, because we realized that when it was max, our values read, always hit the ceiling, and we didn't get the actual resolution of the sensor, and then we changed some sampling conflicts. Similarly for the display, again, I was really amazed by this, that after I added the driver, just like things worked, which for me was like a very great achievement, I was very happy with myself. Adding the display support, the SSD-1306, was also as simple as adding a DTS definition, there already was support for it in entry, there were some great samples for using it, so really kudos to whoever added that, I haven't looked at the Git blame, but we'll do afterwards and add them to the list of people that helped me, and it just needed a definition in the DTS, a few configs, and we were ready to go. Oh yeah, we had to add dynamic memory allocation for a specific sample we used. Yeah, it's one small pain point that we encountered was that there is apparently a USB to UART on board, but it requires a FPGA IP component that's being loaded on boot by the bootloader, and the driver for that is not in Zephyr, it's written in free RTOS, so when we started working on this project, it turned out that, well, we cannot use the USB for printing logs, so, but thankfully, hardware pins for UART were exposed and it worked out of the box, so quick tip, I bet you all know that if you don't have USB to UART converter, you can simply add another board as a listener, and yeah, and listen on the pins there. So, I guess you're pretty tired already, so I'll try to be brief here. I will talk a little bit about deploying a machine learning model on EOS S3, so our initial goal was to deploy the model on the embedded FPGA, it turned out that it wasn't powerful enough, it only had two 32 by 32 multipliers, so it wouldn't fit any sensible machine learning model, it's rather used as a companion, as I said, for USB to UART or some other offloading operations. Thankfully, we could deploy the model on the Cortex-M4, and there what we did was, we had to choose, use CEN-CML or use just raw TensorFlow Lite for microcontrollers, and as for CEN-CML, it's an entire suite for data capture, labeling aggregation and whatnot, and it turned out to not be as straightforward to perform just the inference on it, so we decided to not dig deeper into that, it looks really solid from the point of data collection, labeling, aggregation, et cetera, but for us it was too much, we already had some data from an open data set that we wanted to simply deploy, so thankfully TF Lite worked out of the box, there is a support in entry of Zephyr for that, it uses ARM, SMSYS, and then IP operations for acceleration of these various machine learning operations that might be present there, and what we had to do was to add quantization, and if you're not familiar with that, it's simply remapping values from one range into the other, so in our case it was floats to int8s as that was our model was using underneath, it simply uses a flood buffer of N, of Chars basically, yeah. Yeah, so during our talks with Robert from QuickLogic, we were introduced to a different project from the open hardware group called Core 5 MCU, and in general the Core 5 family of boards, and it's a RISC 5 board with a much large embedded FPGA, and from what we understand, we would be able to drop ML models on that FPGA, so if there's someone here from open hardware group, we really much would like to get our hands on the board and to try out getting a machine learning model deployed on FPGA running alongside an RTOS, it would be very cool, so I know there somewhere around here, if they're not here we'll find an afterwards, but yeah, just a quick interjection. Finally do what we were supposed to do with this board. So yeah, let's talk a little bit more about blood pressure prediction, I guess you all know what blood pressure is, I guess at this time it might be getting lower as we ate our breakfast some time ago, and yeah, photo platysmography called also PPG, do not be very verbatim, is a technique of applying, well, infrared or red radiation from LED onto our skin, and then measuring the reflected wave. So this way we may see our current heart rate, for example also our blood oxidization, and as in our case, we can also infer the blood pressure from it. So yeah, biological signals are pretty complex, as you can see on this graph, I did it myself, I'm pretty proud of it, we have systolic peak for example, dichrotic notch, diastolic peak, and what we basically did was, instead of putting all sampling period samples to the model, which in our case would be for example, 200 samples, we decided to extract data from one such period. In this case it was for example, the peak ratio, cycle duration, and some deltas that are defined in the nomenclature, in the literature of basically biological signal processing, so it's a known problem, and I will mention about the accuracy later, but I recently read that CNNs, which stand for convolutional neural networks, are really good at processing these features. So yeah, instead of 200, now we have six inputs to the model, which makes it around one kilobyte, so it's really small, but still we need to do data filtering and pre-processing on the MCU, which is, let's say, we have a classic space and execution time trade-off, so we need to sacrifice some processing speed to have the samples processed on the MCU. So yeah, one thing that's not on the slide here is that I struggled a little bit with the accuracy of the pre-processing on the model. It turned out that, well, C++ implemented some things differently from Python in this case, and the data set for training will be mentioned by the end of this presentation. The ground truth for this model training was from arterial blood pressure, which is an invasive method of measuring. So yeah, depending on your needs, you may choose a smaller model and more data pre-processing, or you can go for a CNN, which definitely won't be one kilobyte, I would say more like megabytes, and not all edge devices can afford that. Accuracy was pretty standard at the time I crafted the initial model, so mean average error is basically how different is the model regression value from the, or the predicted value from the ground truth and just averaging it. So for systolic blood pressure, 16.5 for diastolic, it's 8.3. Yeah, some results of us. Boris, yeah. So this was actually what we originally wanted to present on this whole small section that is encapsulated in basically a single two slides is all including the AI on USS-free part. Currently all of this is just a prototype sitting on a breadboard. As you can see on the far right, we have the quick think plus with the tiny USS-free sitting on it, the max 30102 sensor connected to the screen, and then this is my setup, so USB 32 as the USB to UART converter or interface. And we're planning to polish off the software with a little bit, so it's actually even more Zephyr-like and using more of the Zephyr features we wanted to experiment with and redesigned the casing, so it's a little bit nicer and looks more like our previous project, so we can actually stick it in our hand and try it out, test it maybe for a slightly longer periods of time. Yeah, so just for that, this is a big case and it's not a PCB that's crafted by us, it's just connecting some components, but if we were to do it professionally, I think we should design a PCB and put all the small things on. Okay, that's another thing today. Yeah, I know, like the smart watch presentation might cover that. Yep. So as always, each project has much room for improvement and extensions, so let's mention some of the things we'd like to cover, so apart from, this is me committing to it, submitting PRs to Zephyr to upstream the I2C drivers for the board and some of the support for the HAL module of it and also the OpenOCD flashing driver. We have some things to figure out and debug. First of all is whenever we actually configured the user button on board as GPRO input with Zephyr, for some reason it stopped working. When we make pinmuxed it and we didn't configure it, we were able to read the input from it the moment we configured it, it's gone. Input is just always one or always zero, so that's something to figure out. Bootloader on the board might be broken, at least the one we got was broken. We had to do a little fixing of it or maybe just skipping some safety features of it to get it fully working as we wanted, but that's another thing to explore. What we were not fully happy with and we want to maybe look into was the TinyFPGA programmer since the board is a bit more complex. It's not just an MCU, it's an MCU of an embedded FPGA. The programmer is written specifically for its TinyFPGA. It's in our experience sometimes just hanged or crashed or on macOS or Asakili nukes on the M1, it just never really competed and never brought it properly. And the last thing we would want to do is actually using the FPGA on board the USS3 and doing some maybe data processing on it. One more thing, the flasher had some weird quirk that for example, when we were flashing a constant size binary, everything was fine, but then I tried putting much larger binary and it simply wouldn't go through and it suddenly bricked our board. And this is kind of weird behavior, right? So we might want to debug the upstream and see what's going on there. Yeah, our fix for it was we flashed the whole thing and try flashing the program with the bootloader. So like once the bootloader is flashing at the same time, flash the program, do it a few times. As I call it, warm up the flash and just eventually start working fine on every single flash. It's just, I don't know why. So this is something definitely worth exploring. Oh yeah, also there is a re-note system emulator that we didn't have time to explore, but apparently it's quite interesting. Yeah, it's a very cool system developed by Antmicro and they have I think a like a Zephyr dashboard for boards with Zephyr support and that you can also emulate fully in re-note. So as much as I understand it, you couldn't emulate the entire SOC with it, which sounds very, very cool. We didn't get to play with what I'm guessing Antmicro will have some presentations today or during the week talking or at least mentioning it or you can see it at their stand. Talk to them at least. So some acknowledgments, bear in mind this is not everyone, I look forward to put everyone. It's probably would be quite a few people from the Zephyr project and others adding support for the things we already used. But big shout out to Chris Fritz and Henry Riggs Anderson and a few other members of the Zephyr community for amazing help during the project development. They were a great help when I just jumped in on Discord and were quick to respond and reply with help for it and hoping for further help when PR guidance when pushing it. Paul Feritzer from Open OCD for guidance in debugging Open OCD and folks from Antmicro for paving the way to USS-free support in Zephyr. Yeah, you can find some of the links for further readings later on here. So feel free to close the slides and look at it and quickly mentioning some of the takeaways because I know we are close to time. Yeah, so when choosing a board to develop, check for peripheral support in Zephyr several times at least document your progress. You'll thank yourself later. Yeah, we told you how we approach adding I2C driver. You can use TF Lite and yeah, when drivers are in place, Zephyr just works. Exactly, that's a very nice takeaway I think which I think we should all be proud of and happy with. Yeah, and that's it. Thanks a lot and if you have any questions, yeah, you can have a minute or two. Yeah, any questions? Does it work? Yeah, it works. Oh my, maybe actually, it's been working. Might have to slip. Hello, does it work? I think it works. It does. No, it's me, sorry. I'll repeat. Okay, so the question was that we used the FPGA for the model and no, we did not. We were considering using it and trying to flash something either way but we were discouraged from doing that. So again, yeah, in this project we didn't use it in the end. Okay, I have a second question. Yeah, it's okay. So you used this optical sensor but then you had a quite a limited feature set. So six features. So in my opinion, machine learning or neural networks always thrive if you have like more features and you're not that strict in selecting and then I would be really interesting if you just broaden that and make the feature vector a bit bigger and maybe like more raw values and if you try to then interfere or interfere also like, since you had blood pressure but you could also go for oxygen levels. You could also go for like some hard anomalies. I don't know. So that would be really interesting to see, I think. Yeah, thanks a lot. Yeah, we... I can, yeah, I can. So answering that, initially the model had 30 features. We did some, okay. It's, I think we're... Yeah, let's just grab the question afterwards. So thanks everyone again and PR socials if you want to grab them. Let me just wrap up for you guys here that there's a chat session as well that you can engage in and ask additional questions and I'd like to thank you again for your presentation. Thank you. And yeah. All right, cool. Thanks everyone.


A very good evening aspirants. I have an important announcement regarding Prillim's test series offered by Shankarai's academy. Yes, it is about pre-storming batch 3. The orientation for this batch is already concluded and the first test will commence on 20th November 2022. That is coming Sunday. Till you have a chance to enroll in batch 3, those who have missed the chance to enroll already, the window to register is still open. Use it and enhance your Prillim score. With this happy note, now let's move on to the Hindu news analysis for the date 17th of November 2022. Displayed here are the list of news articles that we are going to discuss today. You can go through it. Now without much delay, let's get into the article discussion. Have a look at this news article. Yesterday at the Tamil Nadu Rajbhavan, the governor, felicitated four tribal students who have cleared, neat and joined MBBS recently. See, they were felicitated at a function organized to commemorate the birth anniversary of tribal leader Birza Munda. And this is the crux of the news article given here. In this context, now let's see about the Munda Ulugulan or the Munda Rebellion. See, Munda Rebellion is one of the most prominent tribal revolts in the history of Indian independence. But to know about the Munda Rebellion, you should know who are these Mundas and also about Birza Munda. First of all, who are Mundas? Mundas are the central Indian tribe. They are recognized as an immigrant tribe in Tirupura. So, where is their original homeland then? See, their original homeland was at Chotanagpur. And these Mundas are proto-Asteroid tribe. And what about their language? Munda is their language, which belongs to Austro-Asian family. So, this is about Mundas. Now, who is this Birza Munda? See, Birza Munda is a tribal freedom fighter belonging to the Munda tribe. And why is he so famous? See, Birza aroused the tribal mindset and mobilized them in a little town of Chotanagpur and revolted against the British. So, he was a terror for the British rulers. Now, let's know the cause of Munda Rebellion and how it all started. Here, you have to know that the Mundas followed the Kunkati system. Now, what is this Kunkati system? See, Kunkati system of the Mundas was actually a joint ownership of land or holding a land by tribal lineage. The Mundas usually cleared the forests and made the land fit for cultivation. So, the land belonged to the whole clan and not a particular individual. And this joint land holding system is what called Kunkati system. Now, what the British did was, they replaced this egalitarian system with this Amindari system. So, the outsiders entered the tribal landscape and started exploiting them. And the Mundas were compelled to work as forced laborers on their own land. Then, poverty engulfed them like a suffocating chain. This is because, at this time, the great famine of 1895 broke out. Then, what Birsa Munda did was, he led the tribals primarily to prevent non-tribals from taking land. Also, he wanted to prevent the Mundas from working as bonded laborers. So, he organized his first protest march for emission of forest dues. Apart from this, in 1894, Birsa announced his declaration against the Bittis and the Dikkus. The Dikkus were outsiders who exploited the tribal land. So, this began the Munda Uluglan. And this Munda Uluglan is a very important rebellion of the tribal people among the various uprisings of the tribals and peasants in India in the 19th century. And during this struggle, Birsa Munda managed to bring the tribal community under a single umbrella and asked them to re-establish their own kingdom. Birsa also advocated the tribal people to reject the missionaries and return to their traditional ways. Then, he also asked the tribal people not to pay taxes. And for these reasons, he was arrested in 1895 and released after two years. Then, in 1899, he resumed his armed struggle along with the people. He raised the police stations, government property, churches and house of Samindars. Finally, the British caught him in 1900 from Jamm Koppai Forest, Chakra Darpur. And Birsa Munda died on June 9, 1900 while lodged at the Ranchi Jail, age just 25. Although, the rebellion could not reach the decided end, it left a significant impact on the tribal movement of India. It showed that the tribal people had the capacity to protest against injustice and express their anger against colonial rule. And the British enacted the Chotanakpur Tenancy Act 1908 and this act restricted the transfer of tribal land to non-tribal people. Thus, the Kunkathi rights were recognized and as a consequence of this, the tribal won a degree of legal protection for their land rights. Because of all these efforts of Birsa Munda, presently, he is being worshipped as Bhagawan in the state of Jharkhand. That's all regarding this discussion. This discussion we saw about Munda's, then about Birsa Munda and finally about Munda Rebellion. See, these types of topics are frequently asked in UPSC prelims examination. So, make note of each point that we discussed. With these key points in mind, now let's move on to the next news article discussion. Take a look at this front page article. See, this news article talks about the ongoing 27th edition of Conference of Parties of UNFCCC in Egypt. The conference is nearing its final stages in which a group called BASIC which comprises Brazil, India, China and South Africa have raised concerns about taxing products like cement and steel under carbon border adjustment mechanism. This is the crux of the news article given here. In this context, let's understand about carbon border adjustment mechanism. Carbon border adjustment mechanism is a policy proposed by European Union.  See, right now, most of the industries in the European Union are covered by a program known as Emissions Trading System. This system charges polluters for the carbon dioxide they emit. Here, we are specifically talking about carbon dioxide because it is the principal greenhouse gas. See, this emission trading system is also known as cap and trade system and it originated with a Kyoto Protocol. Now, let's understand how this emission trading system works. See, this system is authorized and regulated by government and it is conducted between companies. Here, each company will be given a maximum carbon pollution allowance and unused allowance can be sold to other companies. The idea behind this is to ensure that companies in the aggregate do not exceed a baseline level of pollution. See, this baseline level of pollution will be reduced annually by the European Union countries. Currently, the price of those permits is nearly $60 per ton. So, this gives European companies strong incentive to cut greenhouse gas emissions. This is about emission trading system. Now, moving on to see carbon border adjustment mechanism. See, under the carbon border adjustment mechanism, European Union is proposing to tighten the emission gap further. See, this will face out the number of free allowances it has long given to industries exposed to trade competition like steel. So, in simple words, the carbon border adjustment mechanism is a climate measure that is trying to prevent the risk of carbon leakage and it aims to help slash the European Union's overall greenhouse gas emissions 55 percentage below 1990 levels by 2030. And the mechanism will also help European Union to become a climate neutral continent by 2050. See, the carbon border adjustment mechanism will also help reduce the risk of carbon leakage by encouraging non-EU producers to green their manufacturing processes. Here the term non-EU producers means the producers belonging to non-EU countries. Now, let's see how does this carbon border adjustment mechanism works and how will affect the developing countries. To better understanding, consider India. Now, let's assume this. The European importers are importing steel from India. See, to purchase steel from India, the European Union importers under the carbon border adjustment mechanism need to purchase carbon certificates equal to the carbon price. Here the carbon price is the price of carbon that was emitted by Indian steel manufacturing company while producing the steel. Now, what is the case with India? India is still relying on traditional methods to produce steel. That is, it uses more coal in the steel production process. This process emits more carbon right. So the European Union importers will have to pay more to purchase carbon certificates in their respective country. This discourages the import from India and obviously it impacts the India's growth. Now, in contrast, if the Indian Steel Company can prove that they have already paid a price in India for the carbon which was emitted in the production of steel, then the corresponding cost for the European Union importer to purchase carbon certificates can be fully deducted. This encourages import from India. Now, what is the problem? See, India is not having such fully developed carbon pricing mechanism. So this also creates problem to the developing country like India. And because of all these reasons, the developing countries like Brazil, India, South Africa and China are opposing the carbon border adjustment mechanism of EU. That's all regarding this discussion. In this discussion, we saw about emission trading system and carbon border adjustment mechanism. With these key points in mind, now let's move on to the next news article discussion. Take a look at this editorial article. See, this article talks about recent Supreme Court judgments on the appointment of vice-chancellors in state universities. The Supreme Court said that the appointments are in violation of the regulations of the University Grants Commission, which is shortly known as UGC. This article gives out opinion on whether this verdict is right or wrong. So in this backdrop, let us understand some of the important points mentioned in the news article. Before getting into discussion, the syllabus relevant to this topic is given here for your reference. You can go through it. Firstly, we will look at the Supreme Court judgments. Gambir then K. Gandhi v. S.S., the state of Gujarat, the court nullified the appointment of existing vice-chancellor on the grounds that the search committee constituted under the state law did not form a panel for the appointment of vice-chancellor. And as a result, the appointment was not in accordance with UGC regulations of 2018. The Supreme Court also said that whenever there is a conflict between the state law and the UGC regulations, the UGC regulations will be taken as presidents and the state law will be considered void. This is the first case. Then the second case is from Kerala. That is the case law of Professor Srijith Vesas, Dr. Rajasri. The case law deals with the appointment of vice-chancellor of the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University. See, it was challenged on the ground that the search committee recommended only one name. And this is against the UGC regulations. This particular challenge was successful and the court quashed the vice-chancellor's appointment on the ground that the provision in the university act relating to the search committee is in conflict with the UGC regulations and so it is void. But this decision of the Supreme Court triggered unprecedented developments in the Kerala with the state governor. See, as per UGC regulations of 2018, the governor of the state is the chancellor of all the universities in the state. And in case vice-chancellors are appointed, they must be appointed through a search-come-selection committee. So the governor, who is the chancellor of all the universities in Kerala, asked as many as 11 vice-chancellors of other universities of the state to resign immediately. He told vice-chancellors to resign by quoting the Supreme Court's judgment. And the case is now before the Kerala High Court. As of now, no vice-chancellors has resigned as per the direction of the governor. The issue further intensified when the Kerala High Court quashing the appointment of vice-chancellors of Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies. Here also the ground is that particular appointment violated the UGC regulations. So here the question is whether the appointment of vice-chancellors should be made as per the UGC regulations or as per the provisions of State University Act. Now this question is very important because under the Indian Constitution, both the union and the state can legislate on a matter under the concurrent list. As education is a subject on the concurrent list, this question needs to be addressed seriously. Now coming back, here in this issue, the Supreme Court has brought in Article 254 of the Indian Constitution. What does Article 254 say? Article 254 talks about the doctrine of repugnancy. Here repugnancy means in conflict. That is under Article 254, if the provisions of the State Law are repugnant or in conflict to the provisions of the Union Law, the State Law will become void. But according to the author, the court's conclusion that the provisions of the State University Act are repugnant to the UGC regulations under Article 254 is faulty. The main reason why the author feels this way is that according to him, the repugnancy can arise only between the provisions of State University Act and the UGC Act. And not in the case of State University Act versus regulations of UGC. See, regulations are not independent legislations. Normally these do not require the approval of parliament. And these rules and regulations have an inferior status as compared to an Act. The Constitution cannot be assumed to equate the Act with the rules. Secondly, UGC regulations on the Appointment of Vice-Chancellors are outside the scope of the main provisions of the UGC Act, as none of its provisions refers to the Appointment of Vice-Chancellors. So the doctrine of repugnancy does not apply to regulations, instead they can be applied to the UGC Act. So to conclude, the author says that the doctrine of repugnancy under Article 254 needs to be analysed in depth before reaching conclusions. And such analysis would make it clear that a State law can be repugnant only to the Central Act and not the regulations and rules made by Central Government. That's all regarding this discussion. This discussion we saw about the Supreme Court judgments on the Appointment of Vice-Chancellors in State universities and the doctrine of repugnancy under Article 254 of the Indian Constitution. With these key points in mind, now let's move on to the next news article discussion. Have a look at this news article. This news article talks about the Coastal Defence Exercise, See which will 22. This exercise began on November 15 and it will be held till November 18. See this exercise is to check the preparedness of Security Forces and Intelligence agencies against possible terrorist attacks along the entire coast of India. And this is the crux of the news article. In this context, let us understand about SeaVigil. See this SeaVigil is a national level Coastal Defence Exercise. It was conceptualised in 2018 and it is a biennial Pan India Coastal Defence Exercise. And its objective is to validate various measures that enhances maritime security since 2611 Mumbai attack. Then the exercise also aims to activate the coastal security apparatus across India. Then the exercise will also help to assess the overarching Coastal Defence Mechanism and know that the exercise will be undertaken along the entire 7516 km coastline and exclusive economic zone of India. This exercise will involve all the coastal states and union territories along with other maritime stakeholders. This includes the fishing and coastal communities. The exercise is being conducted by the Indian Navy in coordination with the Coast Guard and other ministries interested with maritime activities. See this exercise is built up towards the major theatre level readiness operational exercise which is shortly known as TROPEX. See the TROPEX is conducted by Indian Navy every two years. And this SeaVigil and TROPEX together will cover the entire spectrum of maritime security challenges. Coming back, the SeaVigil provides the opportunity at apex level. And this is to assess the preparedness in the domain of maritime security and coastal defence. And the SeaVigil will also provide a realistic assessment of strengths and weakness. So the exercise will help to strengthen maritime and national security further. Know that this SeaVigil 22 is the third edition and the first inaugural edition was held on January 2019 then the second edition was held on January 2021. And that's all regarding this discussion. This discussion we saw about the coastal defence exercise SeaVigil. See these types of topics are very important for your prelims exam. So make note of it with these key points. Now let's move on to the next news article discussion. Have you looked at this news article recently the Rajasthan chief minister has made a remark that advertisements would be issued to those newspapers that give publicity to government schemes. Then the press council of India took co-motor cognizance of the remark and decided to examine the particular Rajasthan newspaper which is largely circulated in the state. This is the crux of the news article given here. In this context let us discuss about the press council of India. See this council was first set up in 1966 under the Indian press council act 1965. But however this 1965 act was repealed in 1975. And so the press council of India was abolished during emergency. Then again this press council of India was re-established in the year 1979. This was under the press council act 1978. So this press council of India is a statutory and quasi-judicial autonomous authority. Now talking about objective the objective of the press council of India is to preserve the freedom of press. And this can be done by maintaining and improving the standard of newspapers and the news agencies in India. Then what about its composition? See the council comprises of a chairman and 28 members. The chairman by convention has been a retired judge of Supreme Court of India. He or she is nominated by a committee consisting of Rajshaba chairman, then the Lokshaba speaker and a person elected among 28 members of the press council of India. Then the 28 members consist of 2 Rajasheba members, 3 Lokshaba members, 7 working journalists other than the editor of newspapers, then 6 editors of newspapers, then 3 people with specialized knowledge on public life, then 1 person who manages news agencies and 6 persons in the business of managing newspapers. And this is all about composition. Now let's discuss its functions. The foremost function of press council of India is to help newspapers and news agencies to maintain their independence. Then the press council of India also helps to build up a code of contact for newspapers, news agencies and journalists. And these codes are built up in accordance with high professional standards. Then the other function is to ensure the maintenance of high standards of public taste. And the council also faster reduces both the rights and responsibilities of newspapers and news agencies. Then the council can also undertake studies and express their opinions in regard to any bill, legislation, law or other matters concerning to the press. Also know that the council may take CO-motor cognizance in the matters of public importance. And it may also have a power to constitute a special committee to make on the spot inquiry. So these are all the functions of press council of India. And that's all regarding this discussion. In this discussion we saw about press council of India, its composition and finally some of the functions of press council of India. With these key points in mind, now let's move on to the next part of the news article discussion that is to discuss preliminary practice questions. Now let's take up the first question. I will read out the question which of the following statements is not true about the concept of carbon border adjustment mechanism. See as we discussed carbon border adjustment mechanism which is also popularly known as carbon border tax can be defined as a penalty tax to discourage import of carbon intensive goods such as steel, aluminium, cement, fertilisers etc. And this carbon border tax primarily discourages environment unfriendly production and consumer practices by making the polluting sources costlier. It also acts as an incentive for consumers and producers to shift to more energy efficient sources and products. So this is about carbon border adjustment mechanism. Now coming to the options, let's take the first option. This tax would make Indian goods less attractive for buyers and could shrink demand. Yes in India we are following traditional practices for producing goods which are emitting more greenhouse gas emissions. So the mechanism make Indian goods less attractive and it also reduce the demand. So option A will be true. Coming to the second option, the tax would create serious near-term challenges for companies with a large greenhouse gas footprint. As we discussed, it discourages environment unfriendly production and consumer practices. So it is a problem for companies with a large greenhouse gas footprint. So option B will also be true. Coming to the option C, a new source of disruption to your global trading system. Yes the mechanism will create problem to the developing countries as they are relying more on traditional practices of goods production. And they obviously release more greenhouse gases compared to developed worlds. So this create disruption in global trading system. So option C will also be true. Coming to the last option, it favors the principle of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. See this option is not true according to carbon border adjustment mechanism. See the carbon border adjustment mechanism is against the CBDR RC and it discourages all environment unfriendly production. Coming to the CBDR RC, see it is a principle within the framework of UNFCCC. See it acknowledges the different capabilities and differing responsibilities of individual countries in addressing climate change. Once again, carbon border adjustment mechanism is against differentiated responsibilities. So this will be the correct option. So the answer for the question is option D. Moving on, let's take up the second question. The term C visual 22 often in news represents which among the following. Let's take up the first option. Joint maritime exercise between South Africa, Brazil and India. See this option is wrong because it indicates IBS, AMAR, exercise. See it is a joint maritime exercise between South Africa, Brazil and India. So the option A is wrong. Coming to the second option, an annual naval exercise conducted by Quad countries. See this option is also wrong because it indicates Malabar exercise. See it is conducted annually by the countries of India, Australia, Japan and USA. And they are conducted in regions of Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. So the option B is wrong. Coming to the option C, a Pan-India coastal defence exercise conducted by the Indian Navy. Yes, this option is correct. As we saw in the discussion, C visual is a Pan-India coastal defence exercise conducted by Indian Navy. We will also verify the option D is wrong or not. Option D, biennial naval exercise conducted by Indian and Russian Navy. See this option is wrong because it indicates Indra naval exercise. It is a biennial exercise conducted by India and Russia. So the correct answer for the question is option C, a Pan-India coastal defence exercise conducted by the Indian Navy. Moving on, let's take up the third question. With reference to press council of India, consider the following statements. Let's take up the first statement. It is a constitutional body. See this statement is incorrect because press council of India is a statutory quasi-judicial autonomous authority which was established under the press council act 1978 and it is not the constitutional body. So the statement one is wrong. Coming to the second statement. It receives substantial fund through grant in aid of the central government. See this statement is correct. The press council of India receives fund through grant in aid of the central government. Then it also receives fund through fees collected from the newspapers and news agencies. So the second statement is correct. Now the question is asking for incorrect statements. Statement one alone is incorrect. So the correct answer for the question is option A, one only. And this is the quiz question for you today. I will post this quiz question in a community section. Try to answer it. It is played here as the main question for you today. Go through the question, write your answer and post it in the comment section. With this, we come to the end of the video. If you liked our analysis, please like, comment and share it with your friends. And don't forget to subscribe to Shankara IS Academy YouTube channel. Thank you for listening.


Okay, here we are. John chapter 12. We're going to look at verses 20 through 26. And so I'll begin reading at verse 20. I'll read 2 verse 26, and we'll get into our study. And the study is just titled, We Would See Jesus. And so beginning at verse 20, there were certain Greeks among them who came up to worship at the feast. Then they came to Philip, who was from the side of Galilee, and asked him, saying, Sir, we wish to see Jesus. Philip came and told Andrew, and in turn Andrew and Philip told Jesus. But Jesus answered them, saying, The hour has come that the Son of Man should be glorified. Most assuredly I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the ground and dies, it remains alone. But if it dies, it produces much grain. He who loves his life will lose it.  If anyone serves me, let him follow me. Where I am, there my servant will be also. If anyone serves me, him my father will honor. And so Jesus has entered into the city of Jerusalem. And as he did so, it caused great stir amongst the people. They had lined up the street leading into the city, and they had spread palm branches before him. And as this took place, remember with me the Pharisees, the religious leaders, had become enraged over the show of acceptance, and they tried to stop it. They couldn't tolerate the praise that was being directed to Jesus Christ. And Luke tells us in chapter 19, verses 39 and 40, some of the Pharisees called him from the crowd, teacher, rebuke your disciples. But he immediately, but he answered and said to them, I tell you that if these should keep silent, the stones would immediately cry out. Now, if you've been to Israel, you'll have a picture of what Jesus is saying. Everything is built in stone. The buildings are made out of Jerusalem stone. The streets were paved with stone. When you go to Israel, you'll see that many of the ancient places are still made of Jerusalem stone and still have all this stone everywhere. So Jesus is saying everything would cry out, not just some stones there on the side in some garden, but the entire city itself would be thunderous in its praise. So he says, I tell you that that if these should keep silent, the stones would immediately cry out, why? Because Messiah was entering. Well, they were unsuccessful in quenching these people's praise. And so they got angry. They began to complain openly. And so they say in verse 19, you see that you're accomplishing nothing. Look, the world has gone after him. And so to emphasize this, John introduces to us Greeks who are present in the city of Jerusalem. Now, I'm going to do something here. I'm going to fill in some time gaps when you read this so that you'll see that these events that are being placed here in John's gospel are not necessarily in chronological order. There are other things that are taking place. You see, John is letting us know that the Greeks are going to be part of those who praise God. But because these events do not occur immediately after Jesus came to Jerusalem, I wanted to develop that. You see, Jesus didn't stay in Jerusalem when he arrived at the city. Mark tells us this in the gospel of Mark. Mark gives us more information of what Jesus did when he entered into Jerusalem. So let me read to you out of Mark 11 verse 11, because Mark says Jesus went into Jerusalem and into the temple. So when he had looked around at all things, as the hour was already late, he went out to Bethany with the 12. So when you begin to put these events in sequential order, Jesus arrived on Sunday and he saw what was taking place. And then he left. He spent the night in Bethany. Undoubtedly was thinking of what he saw. Bethany was just outside of the city, just a couple of miles or so. So he's there in the city of Bethany and he's thinking undoubtedly what he had seen. So after spending the night in Bethany, he came back to the temple the next morning. Mark again in chapter 11 says to us in verses 15 through 18, he's speaking of the next day. He said they came to Jerusalem. Then Jesus went into the temple and began to drive out those who bought and sold in the temple and overturned the tables of the money changers and the seats of those who sold doves. And he would not allow anyone to carry wares through the temple. And then he taught, saying to them, is it not written, my house shall be called the house of prayer for all nations, but you have made it a den of thieves. And so Jesus had entered in. He looked around, took it all in, and the next day he arrives and goes to the temple in order that he might cleanse it. And he went into what is called the court of the Gentiles. If you looked at the temple, it's broken into courts. And the first court that you enter into, and you can come through an area which we're going to be at in about a week, it's called the southern steps. Those southern steps are, they are these steps that Jesus would have walked up to go into this area. So we have a Bible study there at the southern steps. And so you can see where Jesus would have entered in. And as he steps up these steps, he goes up into through an archway and all enters in. And there is what is called the court of the Gentiles. So the court of the Gentiles was for all nations. Why? Because God said, my house shall be called the house of prayer for all nations. So the Gentiles are, were permitted to go into this particular area. And so this is where this is taking place here. It's in the area called the court of the Gentiles. Now in this particular area, and it's a good size area, were tables that were set up for money changers and, and those who sold doves. There were tables and there were booths, and they were selling oxen and, and sheep, oil, salt for the Passover, various things. And you can picture this for a moment. If you just think in terms of what is it like if you go to some of the places that we have even today, like the Chino auction and other places like that.  All of us have gone into places that sell livestock, right? How many of you have? Because sometimes I assume we all have six. Some of you haven't. Don't go. It smells bad, doesn't it? Those who've been in, those cows are not polite. They smell. And the sheep smell too. They may be cute, but they stink. And so if you imagine for a moment, place yourself in a position of thinking what it would have been like to have all of these stalls. And there are stalls in the temple. It'd be like stalls in the foyer of the church. There's stalls, there's stalls in the temple area in the courtyard there. It's an outside courtyard. And then try and picture that, the noise. Because, again, sheep and oxen are not quiet. And they don't ask permission to go out to a field to use the bathroom. So it's loud and it's smelly. And then you have all of these people who are mingling in there and all of the noise that's taking place. Because there's a lot of commotion. And so what you have is it's crowded. It's noisy. It's dirty. Again, it's exceptionally smelly. And as Jesus is entering in and he's seeing this, he sees the temple being desecrated. The temple area is being profaned. Because there's a prophet that's taking place. A prophet is being made off of those sincere pilgrims who are coming to celebrate. And these religious leaders are making money off of the people who are coming to celebrate the Passover. You see, in order to celebrate Passover, it was necessary for the worshipper to have an offering. And what had happened is the priests had established inspectors. And the inspectors would inspect any of the offerings that were brought from outside. And they had to, I mean, the law told them to inspect them and they would do that and see if there's any blemish. In Leviticus 22, verses 21 and 22, it says, when anyone brings from the herd or flock of fellowship offering to the Lord to fulfill a special vow or free will offering, it must be with that defect or blemish to be acceptable. Do not offer to the Lord the blind, the injured or the maimed or anything with warts or festering or running sores. Do not place any of these on the altar as an offering made to the Lord by fire. So the law said you had to give God something that was not blemished. It wasn't broken. It wasn't infected. It was just the way it is. So the priests were there to make sure that the offerings were proper. But the inspectors would declare the animals unfit in order to sell their own livestock to them. So they'd look at them and they'd say, oh, this one has a defect, but we have one right here. And they would take the offering and put it over here and sell their offering to that pilgrim. And so because the pilgrim needed to have a certified animal, an animal that has been inspected, they would buy these animals from the priests. And the pilgrim would pay up to 10 times the value of the animal. They were being robbed. And at this time also, many would pay what was called the temple tax. The temple tax was a tax that Israel had to maintain the temple.  But if you came in from out of the country, you came in from Syria or some other place, Lebanon, and you had foreign currency, that was considered unclean. And so you would have to take your foreign currency and exchange it for Jewish shekels. And the rate of exchange was 25%. And so they were ripping them off with the inspected animals as well as the exchange rate. And so Jesus saw this taking place and he entered in. And when he did that, Mark reminds us that he drove out all those who bought and sold in the temple. And according to verse 16, we saw this a moment ago in Mark 11, he would not allow anyone to carry anything through the temple. So what he did is he exercised absolute control as this is taking place. He's angry. And we have this picture of the Lord Jesus Christ, meek and mild.  And he doesn't have a bad temper, but he has wrath. He has a righteous wrath. And he got angry. He got angry over the desecration of the temple. He got angry of the abuse of the people who wanted to worship God. We need to remember that God's intention of the temple was for it to be a place of worship and prayer. In Isaiah 56 verse 7, my house would be called a house of prayer for all nations. Jeremiah 7 verse 11 has this house which bears my name, become a den of robbers to you. And so you have them in the Old Testament and this is what's taking place. This is a house of prayer for all nations, but it's become a den of thieves. You're profiting off of the religious people. And he's angry at the abuse. And he sees his father is being blasphemed. The temple's being desecrated and that motivated him to action. And he drove out all who were making financial profits off of the people. And in this we see something. He cleans his own house first before he cleans anything else up. Keep that in mind. In 1 Peter 4 17 it says it is time for judgment to begin with the family of God. And if it begins with us, what will the outcome be for those who do not obey the gospel of God? He begins with us. He cleanses us. He works with us. So many times we say, Lord, how can you allow the world to be as evil as it is? It is. It is. Okay, here we go. Ready? Came to mind, might as well say it. I'm leaving. You know, I haven't been a professional football fan for years. So I can say this is kind of like a neutral. If the Rams were in the Super Bowl, I wouldn't be neutral. I have to be real with you. I like the Rams, but with that said, I don't watch the Super Bowl. I don't care about it that much. It's not my thing. I don't have a dog in the fight. But I did watch a little bit of it this this last Sunday for a little while, till half time. And do you mind if I talk to you from the heart for a moment about this? No, pastor, please do. Okay. Because there are people talking about it, I might as well add my voice to it. How do I say this delicately? With Shakira and J. Lo's dancing. When I appreciate beauty, I've got a beautiful wife. I appreciate beauty. I haven't gone blind. I see, well, she's a pretty girl or whatever. So I want to start off by saying that. And let's see how I can say this. I didn't prepare this. So I just think women should be honored.  I believe that with all of my heart. I really do. I really do. You know, that's not news. That's just true. And I believe that when the women danced in the way that they did, and be honest with you, I walked out, I turned it off. I don't watch that stuff. Because I'm so righteous, but maybe it is. I don't know. I don't like that stuff. I was taught by my father to respect women. And when a woman is doing what they were doing, that's not something I respect. And rather than getting all uptight and everything, I turn it off. And that's what I do. I don't want to see it. I don't need to see that. I'm very satisfied with the woman God gave to me. Why would I look at another woman? Like Job said, I made it come in with my eyes. Why should I look upon a young maiden? Why should I do that? I already have what God gave to me. What I have is the best. And I love my girl. So why would I do that? Why disrespect her? But I, you know, I saw that and they were doing the Latin beat. And you know, for those of you who don't me, know me. I'm Mexican. I'm a Latin. Okay? Some people don't know. They see this white guy up there. And it's not that white's bad, but white's fine with me is what I've been on my life. But, you know, I'm Mexican. And no, I didn't have a white grandparent. And no, I didn't have a white mama. All of my relatives came. All my grandparents were all from Mexico. I'm 40% Native American. You know, I mean, I'm just saying that just say just to say that. That's what I am. I'm Hispanic. I'm not even that. I'm Chicano. I come from the generation of Hispanics. There's something you put on some. I'm a Mexican American. That's what I am. Okay. And I'm saying all of that because there's a point in that. Not just to say it, but there's a point in that. Because somebody wrote on Facebook and like, I tell you, and it's the news. And so somebody wrote, some Latino wrote, you just don't understand Latino culture. Not to me, he didn't say that. He was just being a wise writer, I guess.  Now, I'll take another step further might as well. I won't be back for a couple of weeks, so I'll take another step. Now, Marie will tell you this, my mom could dance. My mom, she won dance contest. My mom could dance. I grew up in a home with a mama who could dance. And she did. And we played when we had friends over. It was always Mexican music, always was. I grew up with that. So if you tell me about Latino and you start talking to me about my culture, I may not come up here as I'm a pastor and a Christian first, but that doesn't mean I don't understand these things. And I do. I grew up with that. I grew up in that environment. I grew up with that music. Every Saturday, my dad was praying, playing Trio Los Panchos, and you name it, all of these mariachis. I grew up with that. So I regarded, I love it. If you want to see my feet start moving, throw a Latin beat. That's just me. Marie can tell you that. It's true. That's just us. I love Latin music. So when you tell me that, oh, it's just Latin, you don't understand.  Are you kidding me? You telling me that I, I don't understand my culture. And then to say, you don't understand culture. They weren't saying it to me, but they were making a general statement and I read it and it made me upset. And I'll tell you why, because a woman dancing around the way they were on a pole, that's not Latin. That's improper. That's what they call debauchery. And to make excuses for that to say it's Latin, don't don't say that about my wife. Don't say that about my daughters. Don't say that about my granddaughters. We're raising them to be ladies. We're raising them to have dignity, a sense of personal worth, of value because of who God made them to be. And so that's how I want my girls to see themselves, women of honor in the sight of God, changed and transformed and in evidence of the grace of God. So that's what a woman is, not somebody who dances on a pole and then has people who are lusting after her.  Stop it. Okay, you love me. I know you do. I'm getting away with this, but it's true. Come on, J.Lo. Stop it. Grow up. You've got kids. You've got children. You've got little children. They want to respect their mother. At least they should. And so why am I talking about this? I don't know. I was just thinking about it. God wants to transform. And I really believe that what God wants to do in our work, in our lives, is to work within us. I see the world in need of transformation. And I am not condemning J.Lo. And I'm not condemning Sekiro. They need the Lord. They need Jesus. If it sounds like I'm condemning them, I'm not. It sounds like I am. I'm not. I'm observing.  My value is not on how I look. It isn't whether I have a great build or whether I... None of that. That is not your value. Your value is that you're made in the image of God and that you should live in such a way to bring glory to Him and bring pleasure to Him. And He can create in you a new heart. And you can have the love and the joy and the peace and all of the things that you desire so much.  That's called Christianity. And so judgment begins in the house of God. You know, I believe strongly that it's easy to look out into the world and see things that we the church can say, those things need to change and those are bad. And what I said today, I think they need to change because I do think that they're not, they're not the best they could be. But I have to examine my own heart. I have to examine what I'm like. And who am I? And what do I do? Because judgment begins with us. Because God is purifying His people and He desires a holy people, a people who love Him, the people who live for Him, a people whose works are of such quality that they'll see our good works and glorify our Father who is in heaven. He wants to transform us. And unfortunately, sometimes the church really has lost its voice because the church excuses sin and appreciates sin and involves itself in sin. And when you do those things, you have no voice against it because you're just part of it.  But I am observing and it's a warning to me that I have to be careful to make sure my light shines before the world for Jesus' sake. And I really do pray that God will speak to Jailu because Marie and I, our hearts go out to her. She's lived a tough life. I don't know anything about the other young Lady Shakira. But I know that at a certain point in your life, you've got to see that life is more than the admiration of, as a woman, more than the admiration of men. It's got to be something deeper than that.  But there's one person who loves you and that's our God. And so that's why I'm so sold out to him because he loves me and his love for me has changed me. Well, anyway, Jesus will go back to the study now. Jesus has entered into the temple. This is all taking place. And he's begun to clean it out. This is the second cleansing of the temple. It's occurring in the last week of his ministry. The first one took place at the beginning of his ministry. And we saw that in John chapter two. Why did he cleanse the temple at the beginning at the end of his ministry? It's because hardness and habits of sin are not always cleansed the first time they're dealt with. God has to work on us sometimes more than once to remove the same things. Well, sometime shortly after this, it seems that the Greeks approached Philip. Now it says in verse 20, there were certain Greeks among those who came up to worship at the feast. And they they came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida of Galilee and asked him saying, Sir, we wish to see Jesus. Now, who were these Greeks who came up? Some say that they were Jews who had been Grecianized or Hellenized. They were, in other words, cultural Greek, though they were Jewish. They spoke Greek and all. Some are saying that's who these people are. Some think that they were Gentile converts to Judaism who had come to worship at the feast. Others think that they are Gentiles who were Godfarers. They weren't full converts, but they did come to make offerings. And then some think they were still pagans that had come to show honor to Israel's God. Whatever it may be, it may be that these Greeks had been impressed by Jesus, and they simply want to meet him. So notice what happens in verse 21. They came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida. Now, why Philip? Well, because Philip is a Greek name. It may be that he also spoke Greek. So they've come to someone, they believe, can introduce them to the Lord. Now, these Greeks represent the world seeking salvation through Jesus Christ. Remember in chapter 10 verse 16? Now, Jesus said that he had other sheep. He said, other sheep I have, which are not of this fold. Them also I must bring, and they will hear my voice. And there will be one flock and one shepherd. And so, these Greeks represent the world seeking salvation and coming to Christ. And so, as they come and speak to him, verse 22 tells us Philip came and told Andrew, and in turn, Andrew and Philip told Jesus. So it's interesting that they came to Philip, and Philip spoke to Andrew. They both had Greek names, Philip and Andrew, and they may have had a connection with the culture or the language. Now, these two are good friends. They're from the same town, according to John 144. They're both from Bethsaida. Now, we know Andrew is the brother of the apostle Peter. It may be that he has a closer relationship and friendship with Jesus, and it seems that Philip didn't know what to do with the request to see Jesus. So he goes to Andrew, and together they bring these Greeks to Jesus. And what we see here is we see gifts that are working together. You're seeing that one person is working with another, and together they're able to do ministry to bring them to Jesus. When we were in Spain years ago now, a friend of mine, Bob, and I were in the hotel we were staying in, and we had run across a young man, a Spaniard, who actually had lived in the United States and had American citizenship, and he actually had been in the U.S. military. He was in the Army, and he had gotten out of the Army and had gone back to Spain, and we were in Madrid. And when we were in Madrid, he had somehow come into connection with us. There were several of us together, and we were doing ministry, and this young man had approached us. He was a young man at that time in his early 20s, and he started talking to us. He heard us speak in English, and then he introduced himself, and he was a non-fire young Christian, American, raised, but also Spanish. And so we were talking and all, and he was really a new Christian. I'll never forget this. And we shared with him. He said, who are you guys, and what are you doing here? And we told him who we were, and we're pastors from the United States. We've come to do some ministry, we're scouting Spain out. We want to do a work in Spain. And he grew to like us, and he actually started hanging around with us while we were there. Then one day, after a couple days of after meeting him, he came walking in to this hotel's foyer that we were having a cup of coffee when he came in, and he brought three or four guys, people with him. And he said to us, I'll never forget, he said, hey guys, I've been talking to these, these are American students. And I've been telling him about Jesus. He says, but I don't really know that much. He's brand new. So can you guys help me? And so we said, yeah, why not? No, I said, no, I'm on vacation. No, I said, why not? Of course. So these guys all sit down around us and we're at a table. American students in Madrid, Spain, a Spanish young man, hungry for God. He could bring them to a certain place, but he didn't know how to bring them to a conclusion. So sometimes the gifts work together. Sometimes the gifts work together. You can do so much, and then you hand off. And somebody else can take it a little bit further. This young man's name is Rafael, and he is a pastor in Calvary Calvary Chapel pastor in Mallorca. And he runs the Bible college there now. But way back when he was a new Christian, he didn't know how to, we used to call it close to sale. He didn't know how to bring them to a point of decision. And so that's how it works. So never feel discouraged, by the way. If you've got so much you can do, there's always somebody in the body of Christ can go a step further and can help you. That's a good thing. That's why we need each other. They didn't know what to do. And so as this is taking place, well, let's bring them to Jesus. So it says Philip, Andrew and Philip told Jesus, verse 23, Jesus answered them saying, the hour has come that the Son of Man should be glorified. Most assuredly I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the ground and dies, it remains alone. But if it dies, it produces much grain. And so Jesus begins to minister. The hour has come that the Son of Man, he says, should be glorified. Now, notice how he says the hour. So their arrival is understood by Jesus to be evidence of his mission's conclusion. Up to this point, Jesus had been stating his hour had not yet fully arrived. All the way back in chapter two, verse four, when his mama had spoken to him about the wedding feast and they had run out of wine and all, he had said in John two, verse four, what does your concern have to do with me? My hour has not yet come. In John seven, verse six, John records that Jesus said to his brothers, my time has not yet come. Your time is always ready. In John seven, 30, they tried to seize him, but no one laid a hand on him because his time had not yet come. And then again in John eight, 20, these words Jesus spoke in the treasury as he taught in the temple. No one laid hands on him for his hour had not yet come. And so the hour has come here, verse 23. And he says that the Son of Man should be glorified. When he says that the Son of Man should be glorified, it's another way of speaking of his crucifixion. So in God's perfect timing, Jesus is prepared to offer himself as a sacrifice. And the sacrifice of his life is the subject of his, of the preaching of the cross, because that's the center of the message of the gospel of Jesus Christ is Jesus offering himself. And that's what this time was all about, that he would lay his life down for us. And from the very beginning, the center of the gospel has always been the cross. That's why it's been called the crux of the matter. See the word crux is the word cross. And so when people say that's the crux of the matter, they're saying that's the central point. And in the gospel, the Jesus Christ and the cross, that's the center. And so Jesus dying as a sacrifice is what he's speaking about, that he should be glorified. Now Jesus associates his suffering on the cross with being glorified. In Luke 24 verses 25 and 26, he said to them, oh foolish ones, slow of heart to believe in all that the prophets have spoken. And Jesus went on to say, not the Christ to have suffered these things and to enter into his glory, to die. Because dying on the cross brings him to the place where he's our Savior, he's able to work in our life. And then he says in verse 24, most assuredly I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the ground and dies, it remains alone. If it dies, it produces much grain. This is the mystery of eternal life. It takes his death to give us life. The grain is sown and produces a large crop. And even so Jesus's death brings life to many. In Isaiah 5310 it says it was the Lord's will to crush him and cause him to suffer. And though the Lord makes his life a guilt offering, he will see his offspring and prolong his days. And the will of the Lord will prosper in his hand. Unless a grain of wheat falls into the ground and dies, it remains alone. If it dies, it brings forth much fruit. You want to be used by the Lord?   Our church was real new. We had been meeting at a location in Ontario, church of God, seventh day on Vine Street, right off of Holt. We had celebrated an alternative to Halloween, we called a Hallelujah Party. And then Christmas came and we rented the church because we were renting a small building. We rented the church so we could have a Christmas Day service. And after having the Christmas Day service, the people who rented us the church kicked us out because they said, you guys are a cult. Because you celebrate Halloween, which we didn't. It was an alternative. And you celebrate Christmas. Because they thought celebrating Christmas was a pagan ritual. And they kicked us out. And so they said, you have to leave in January. And so two of my guys and I scoured through Ontario, even went up into Upland. We knew every every, you know, everything that could be rented for a church we looked at. We couldn't afford anything. The only thing that we could have, that we thought would have been a real potential was central school on, I believe it's G Street. And but it was 10 times, almost 10 times the amount of money to rent that then we were spending on this little church we were renting. Because we only had at that time about 60 people in the church. And and there was no way we could afford $1,050 a month rent. We couldn't afford that. And so we began looking everywhere. And that was where we settled. But we couldn't, we couldn't, we couldn't meet there. We didn't have, we didn't have the money with 60 people that was barely making the bills. We had a 10 by 10 office that that was being rented for about $100 a month. And and we were renting the the church for $150 a month or something. It was very inexpensive. And now it's going to be $1,050. We can't afford that. We don't have the money to do that. You know, be surprised back in 81. You know, that was a lot of money for us. We didn't have it 60 people. And these 60 people that we had were were young people and young people very often don't give. And so it's just the truth. And so it was very difficult. And so we looked everywhere and the only place we could find was was central school. But it was $1,050 a month and we couldn't afford that. It was a Wednesday night. We were supposed to be out of the church in two weeks. It was the middle of January. And we had looked everywhere and they gave us to January 31st and we were out. Couldn't find a place. And so for some reason, Marie and the kids were not home. And it was just me. And it was Wednesday and I was going to go and teach a Bible study. And I still remember going into my bedroom there in a little house in Ontario. And I still remember falling on my face literally on my face on the carpet in the bedroom crying, God, I don't know what to do. We've been kicked out. We have no place to go. I said, we only have 60 people. But these are the most important people in my life. And I don't know what to do. God help us. I don't know what to do. And so I went to the Bible study that night. I really did. I wept so hard that when I came into the Bible study, one of the young women at the study approached me and said, you look like death warmed over. That was her greeting. She says, what's wrong with you? We need to pray for you. And I said, after the study, please. And so my friend Dan, who's going to go with us to Israel, who is my first assistant, Dan and I said, we put a chair in the middle of the front room.  And they prayed, Father, in Jesus' name, would you do something? And I went home and I went to bed. And I still remember as I was I was about to go to sleep. I heard a voice and the voice said, you will need a place that seats 200 on Easter Sunday. And it was very clear. And I remember saying to myself, that's right. And I fell asleep. And so God got us an extension. And they extended us until March at this place. And within two months, our church grew from 60 to 120. And now we had the finances that could pay the rent for central school. So we contacted central school and we said, we'd like to rent central school for our church and they rented it to us. And Easter Sunday came. And Easter Sunday, it was storming. The rain was so pouring in such a way that the water was going over the curb. And anybody who knows the area of Sultana and off 6th Street, when you're starting to go up in that area there, you know that the curbs are higher there than normal because the water rushes down and floods that area. It can be very, you know, 18 inches high. It was pouring like that. And I came on Easter Sunday pouring the rain and I went out to preach and I looked out and I said to the people, you don't know this, but you are an answer to the word that the Lord gave to me because the Lord said that we would need a place that seats 200 on Easter Sunday. And there were 200 people in that auditorium. Now I forgot to mention this. Thursday, I was preparing after that Wednesday night, the next day, Thursday, I was preparing the Gospel of John because I was teaching John 38 years ago and I got to John 12 24. And I said to the Lord when I read that, unless a grain of wheat fall into the ground and die, it will rise a little bit. If it dies, it produces much fruit, brings forth much fruit. And I remember closing my Bible because I was preparing John 12 24 and I said, God, I am dead. I still remember that prayer. Father, I am dead. I am so dead. I said, this applies to my heart right now. And here comes the mail carrier up the steps and drops off our mail. The Spirit of the Lord spoke to my heart and said, your letter is here. Now I had written about a week or so before to Chuck Smith. And I said, Pastor, we want to be a Calvary Chapel. We at that time were called Ontario Christian Chapel. I said, but my roots in everything is Calvary Chapel. And so I hear the voice of the Lord, your letter is here. And I went and I took this big stack of mail out and put it down. And I prayed. As I turned over the first letter, it said Calvary Chapel, Costa Mesa. I put it to the side, went through the others, trying to pretend I'm ignoring this one. And then I prayed, Father, if you would have us be Calvary Chapel, you know, that's my desire. If not, your will be done. I opened it and it said, welcome to the Calvary Chapel family. If you've ever been in the foyer where you enter in and you take a left going north, you will see a copy of that letter, not the whole letter, but you'll see a copy of that letter that I put there in our timeline because Pastor Chuck wrote me personally. And he said, welcome to Calvary Chapel ministry. And so why am I telling you that? I'm telling you that because what Jesus's word says is not simply related to 2000 years ago. But if you died to yourself, if you died to yourself, you have to.  You have to put the kingdom first. You have to put the will of God first because when you die to yourself, that gives the Lord opportunity. And unless a grain of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abides alone. But if it dies, it produces much fruit. And so 38 years of God's faithfulness he has shown me that all these years that where he guides, he provides. And my responsibility is to get out of his way so he can be glorified. See, that's the heart of Christianity. And that's what you see here. I've just tried to give you this reminder so you'd understand that. And so he says the hour has come that I should be glorified. He said the grain needs to die to produce much fruit. Then he says in verse 25, he who loves his life will lose it.  If anyone serves me, let him follow me where I am. There my servant will be also. If anyone serves me, him my father will honor. And so to love one's life speaks of making your self-interest more important than living to please him. And the one who lives continually for personal pleasure ends up miserable.  So the eyes of man are never satisfied. Ecclesiastes 2, 10 and 11. I denied myself nothing my eyes desired. I refused my heart no pleasure. My heart took delight in all my work. And this was the reward for all my labor. Yet when I surveyed all that my hands had done and what I had toiled to achieve, everything was meaningless. A chase seen after the wind, nothing was gained under the sun. He went on in Ecclesiastes 5, 10 to say whoever loves money never has money enough. Whoever loves wealth is never satisfied with his income. This too is meaningless. And that's why in Matthew 10 39, Jesus would say he who finds his life will lose it. And he who loses his life for my sake will find it. In verse 26, if anyone serves me, let him follow me. If we're his servants, we need to go where he's going. Well, where was he going? Let him follow me. He's going to the cross.  You see, the way of the servant is the sacrificial life. In Luke 9, 23, he said to them all, if anyone desires to come after me, let him deny himself, take up his cross daily and follow me. And then Jesus said, where I am there, my servant will be also. Now later on, Jesus would pray in John 17, 24, Father, I want those you've given me to be with me, where I am, and to see my glory, the glory you've given me because you loved me before the creation of the world. And Jesus, where is he? He's at the right hand of the Father.  And if he's gone to prepare a place for us, he'll come again, receive us unto himself there where he is. We may be also. In Philippians 3, 20, 21, our citizenship is in heaven, from which we also eagerly wait for the Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ, who will transform our lowly body that it may be conformed to his glorious body, according to the work in by which he's able even to subdue all things to himself, Christianity. Jesus said, I want to prepare a place for you, where I am there, you may be also. Our home is in heaven. We're just passing through.  And it's been said, the most selfish person is the one who goes to heaven alone. And so what we do is we take what God has given to us and we share it with others. We tell him about how good Jesus is and what he has done. That should be what we are made of. That should be our core, is to be so caught up with wanting people to know Jesus that we share as often and as properly as we can to let people know there's a better way. We're just passing through. God help us to know that. Nothing you have now is going to go with you. No hearse ever is drawing a U-Haul with them. That's just a fact. I remember hearing of a guy who died and was buried. I think it was his Ferrari. He was buried in this Ferrari. Well, he's not driving it anywhere. And his relatives know where that is. So maybe they're driving it. All I know is, and this will close with this, all I know is, is there's nothing better. If there's nothing better, there's nothing better than serving Jesus Christ. There's nothing better. I think of my life. I don't want to get too dramatic with you, but I think of my wife and I think what a gift she is to me.  But what a blessing they've been to me. And then I have a chance to have grandbabies and I hold them and love them. I have one, my olive right now who's going to be a year and the minute she sees me and I speak to her, she starts kicking her little feet and she has, she fights to get to me. I love that. What is better?  I sleep with a clear conscience every night and every morning I wake up with a woman who loves me more than life itself. That's what God has given to me. Why would I want something else? Why would I want something more? Jesus Christ is everything. He's transformed me completely. He's forgiven me of all my sins. He's cleansed me of all my iniquity and he has my name written in his book of life and one day he's going to say come on up here and I'll see him face to face. What is better than that? Nothing, nothing. And that's the gospel that we preach, a gospel of complete forgiveness of a brand new life, blessings that are immeasurable and joys, joys that God gives to us. From sorrow he gives us joy and I have to tell you, Jesus said it. He said, do you want to know all of these things? Then you need to follow me because where the master is, the servant is also. These Greeks wanted to know the truth and the best thing that these two apostles could do was bring these Greeks to the truth itself. Here he is. This is Jesus. I want to introduce you to him and isn't that what we're supposed to do to introduce people to Jesus.


GameStop went from $90 to a high of $190. So this motherfucker Ryan Cohen doubled his $10 million in a week and all these AMC-8s started buying the stock again. So before we know how to trade a stock, we must know the catalyst of the stock. So the catalyst for these meme stocks again was the hype of the TV show and the hype of the insider buy.


Appalachian Wireless now has new forward pay pricing where you can pay up front and get the data and features you desire. Five gigabytes of data, just $39.99. Unlimited, just $79.99. Better service, bigger savings. That's today's Appalachian Wireless. The investigation continues today into last night's standoff which turned into a shootout with police in Johnson County. I'm currently on scene in the oil springs community where that took place last night so we're getting our first daytime views of what actually took place. I've spoken with Kentucky State Police and Sheriff Dwayne Price in Johnson County about last night's event. It all began Monday night before 8 p.m. when someone called 911 reporting a man acting strangely. Johnson County Deputy Danny Martin arrived to find Stephen Dalton in his front yard. When our unit got up here he talked to him. Actually our deputy has known this guy since he was 10 years old. And he tried compromising with him and the individual just wouldn't cooperate so he deployed a taser. Dalton was somehow able to remove one of the taser probes and retreated into his home on Route 825 in the oil springs community where a standoff began with Johnson County deputies and Kentucky State troopers. And periodically the guy would fire off a couple of rounds. We tried using the P.A. numerous towns. Never could get him to comply. His father gave me his cell number. He apparently turned it off because I tried repeatedly to get him to answer his cell phone. But we never established any kind of communication. EKB News Director Ralph Davis was at the scene for the duration of the event hearing those sporadic gunshots that Sheriff Price mentioned. In fact you might have just heard some shots being fired behind me right now. Around midnight things took a dramatic turn. And some may say he's out on the portrait. He's coming out. He's got a gun. They instructed him to put it down. And he actually started firing at us. They found out after the shooting was over he actually hit two of the cruisers. Several bullet holes. After a period of silence the Kentucky State Police Special Response Team deployed a robot inside the home and found Dalton deceased inside. His body was sent to the State Medical Examiner's Office in Frankfurt for an autopsy. The investigation is continuing and is under the direction of the Kentucky State Police. In Oil Springs, I'm Shannon Deskins, EKB News.


We're gonna take them to our right. We're not gonna roll them through and then as he's belly and back down We're gonna take that momentum right into our side headlock Okay, yeah, I learned this from a Lee Roper. I learned a lot of top stuff from him and his college teammate It's got any Scott Irvin. I think he was from Kentucky. Maybe maybe Texas.  He actually called it the game genie But that was you say you had cartridges and you plugged another cartridge into your Nintendo cartridge And it had all the cheat codes in it So like a whole new like screen came up and you got to like play all these different games with cheat codes We didn't have the internet back then so you had to buy a game genie. All right or or cheat code All right, so he called this the cheat code, but it's just a side headlock turn All right, so we're gonna get our power half tilt. Okay, my reinforced power half here And again, I'm put pressure on them and then I'm snatching here Back to my figure four. I got my till now. I know where I'm going as he bellies down So I like going to my high hand right here having him pull me on top and as he pulls me down Knees swings laces dig Side headlock picks up Find that far knee Okay Right, and then maybe this belly down Hands in the mat pull up No low row half day You see how I can really start tearing this kind of pieces on top with just a couple pieces of technique And I just let him fight letting fight to his left that turn to his left letting fight to his right I turn to his right.