أعوذ بالله من الشيطان الرجيم بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم يا سيم والقرآن الحكيم نكلم من المرسلي على صراط مستقيم تنزيل العزيز الرحيم لتنذر قوماً در آباؤهم فهم وافلوا لا أكثرهم فهم لنا جعلنا في أعناقهم أغلالاً فهي إلى الأذقان فهم مقمحون وجعلنا من بين أيدهم سد ومن خلفهم سد فأغشيناهم فهم لا يبصرون وسواء عليهم أأنذرتهم أم لم تنذرهم لا يؤمن إنما تنذر من اتبع الذكر وخشي الرحمن بالغيب فبشره بمغفرة وأجل كريم نانحن نحي الموتى ونكتب ما قدموا وأثارهم وكل شيء أحصينا وفي إمام والضرب لهم مثلا أصحاب القرية إذ جاء أهل مرسلون إذ أرسلنا إليهم اثنين فكذبوا هما فعززنا بثالث فقالوا فقالوا لكم مرسلون قالوا منتم إلا بشر مثلنا وما أنزل الرحمن من شيء إن أنتم إلا تكذبون قالوا ربنا يا إليكم لمرسلون وما عالب لاغنا تطيرنا بكم إذا لم تنتهوا لنرجمنكم لنرجمنكم ولا يمسنكم من عذاب أليم قالوا طائركم معكم أين ذكرتم بل أنتم قوم مصرفون وجاء من أقصى المدينة رجل يسعى قال يا قوم اتبعوا المرسلون اتبعوا من لا يسألكم أجرا وهم مهتدون وما لي لا أعبد الذي فطرني وإليه ترجعون أتخذ من دوني آلهة يريد للرحمن بضر لا تغني عني شفاعتهم شيئا ولا ينقذون إني إذل في ضلال مبي آمنت بربكم فاسمعون خل الجنة قال يا لي تقومي يعلمون بما غفر لي ربي وجعلني من المكرمين وما من السماء وما كنت إلا صيحة واحدة فإذاهم خامدون يا حصرة على العباد ما يأتي من رسول إلا كانوا به يستهزئون لم يروا كم أهلكنا قبلهم من القرون أنهم إليهم لا يرجعون وإن كل لما جميع لدينا محضرون وآية لهم الأرض الميتة أحييناها وأخرج وأخرجنا منها حبا منها يأكلون وجعلنا فيها جنات من نخيل وأعناب وفجرنا فيها من العون ليأكل من ثمري وما عملته أيديهم أفلا يشكرون من الذي خلق الأزواج كلها من ما تمبط الأرض ومن أمفسهم ومن ما لا يعلمون وآية لهم الليل نسلخ من هنهار فإذاهم مظلمون والشمس مستقر الله ذلك تقدير العزيس العليم والقمر قدرناه منازل حتى عادك العرجون القديم للشمس ينبغي لها وكل في فلك يسبحون وآية لهم أننا حملنا دريتهم في الفلك المشحون وخلقنا لهم من مثله ما يركبون وإن شأن غرقهم فلا صريخ لهم ولاهم ينقذون إلا رحمة مننا ومتاعا إلى حين وإذا قيل لهم التقوم بين أيدكم وما خلفكم لعلكم ترحمون وما تأتي من آيات من آيات ربهم إلا كانوا عنها معرضين وإذا قيل لهم أنفقوا مما رزقكم الله قال الذين كفروا للذين آمنوا أنطعم ويشاء الله أطعمه إن أنتم إلا في ضلال مبين ويقولون متاهد الوعد إن كنتم صادقين ما ينظرون إلا صيحة واحدة يخصمون فلا يستطيعون توصية ولا إلى أهلهم يرجعون ونفخ في الصور فإذا قم من الأجداث إلى ربهم قالوا يا ويلنا من بعتنا قدنا آذا ما وعد الرحمن وصدق المرسلون إن كانت إلا صيحة واحدة فإذاهم جميع لدينا محضرون فاليوم لا تظلم نفس شيء ولا تجزون وما كنتم تعملون إن أصحاب الجنة اليوم في شغل فاكهون أم وأزواج في ظلال على الأرائك متكئون لهم فيها فاكهة ولهم سلام قولا من رب رحي وامتاز اليوم أيها المجرمون ألم أعهد إليكم يا بني آدم أن لا تعبد الشيطان إنه لكم عدوم مبين وأني عبدون هذا صراط مستقيم ولقد أضل منكم جبل كثيرا أف لم تكون تعقلون آذي جهنم التي كنتم تعدون إصلوها اليوم إذا كنتم تكفرون اليوم نختم على أفواهم وتكلم نائدهم وتشاد أرجل بما كانوا يكسبون ولو نشاء لطمسنا على أعينهم يستبقوا الصراط فأننا يبصرون ولو نشاء لما سخناهم على مكانتهم فما استطاع مضيع ولا يرجع ومن نكس في الخلق أف لا يعقل وما علمنا هو الشعر ينبغي له ذكر وقرآن لينذر من كان حيا ويحط القول على الكافرين أولم يروا أن خلقنا لهم عاملت أيدينا أنعاما فهم لا مالكون وذللنا منا ركوبهم ومنها يأكلون ولهم فيها منافع ومشارب أفلا يشكرون واتخذوا مني آلية لهم ينصرون لا يستطيع نصرهم لهم جند محضرون فلا يحزن كقولهم إننا نعلم ما يسرون وما يعلم يرى الإنسان أننا خلقنا من نطفة فإذا هو خصيم يضرب لنا مثل ونسي خلقه قال من يحيي العظام وهي رميل يحيي الذي أنشأ أول مرة وهو بكل خلق العليم الذي جعل لكم أخضر نار فإذا أنتم منه تقدون أو ليس الذي خلق السماوات والأرض بقادر بقادر علي يخلق مثلهم بلا وهو الخلاق إنما إذا أراد شيئا أن يقول له كن فيكون فسبحان الذي بيديم لكو تكل شيئ وإلي ترجعون بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الله أحد الله الصمد يلد ولم يولد ولم يكله كفوًا أحد بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم كله الله أحد الله الصمد لم يلد ولم يولد ولم يكله كفوًا أحد بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم قل هو الله أحد الله الصمد لم يلد ولم يولد ولم يكلوا كفوًا أحد بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم قل أعود برب الفلق من شر ما خلق ومن شر غاسق إذا وقب ومن شر النفاتات في العقد ومن شر حاسد إذا حسد بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم قل أعود برب الناس ملك الناس إله الناس من شر الوسواس الخناس الذي وسوس في صدور الناس من الجنة والناس صدق الله ناظيم صدق رسول المستف الكريم صلى الله وسلم وبارك على سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له له الملك وله الحمد يحيي ويميت وهو على كل شيء قدير لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له له الملك وله الحمد يحيي ويميت وهو على كل شيء قدير لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له له الملك وله الحمد يحييوا ويميت Drama وعلى كل شيء قدير الحمد لله الحمد لله حمد لله بخ here BismAllah الرحمن الرحيم الحمد لله رب العلم هوصلاة و السلام علي سيد المرسلين المرسلين وعلى آله وصحبه اجمعين عود بكلمات الله تهامات من شرمة حلق اسم الله الذي لا يضرم أسمي شين في الأرض ولا في السماعة ولا في السم العليم ولا حولة ولا وقت إلا بالله العلي العظيم وزاق الله خيرا قرير أعمل with a blessing الحمد لله to have him in our community and to benefit from him may Allah give us to benefit today is one of those amazing days of the year these are the great days of Allah سبحانه وتعالى and Allah out of his mercy he gave us these days he doesn't have to but he is just so generous he gave us these days and one of those days of the year is the day of عرفة and the day of عرفة it's the day that we are supposed to come to know our Lord through his mercy to have a معرفة of Allah through the mercy of Allah this is the day where أرم عليه السلام finds his wife after losing her when they came to this world searching for each other and making dua to find his other half and finds her on the جبل الرحمة معرفة this is a day where all of the pilgrims they stand on this mountain of mercy and you can see and everybody is making dua there is a time that every pilgrim those who have gone to Hajj they have been blessed and may Allah take us back again those who haven't been to Hajj may Allah fulfill that and make it easy for them to go and make the pilgrimage but when you go and you see on this day that you can't even see rocks or mountains or desert it's just human being all dressed in white pure clothing and just making dua it's just everybody is making dua and everybody is asking for forgiveness on that day one thing that our Shaykh told us is nobody on the day of عرفة is asking for justice nobody is asking for justice why? this is the day of dua why aren't they just asking for justice? because you don't want justice we don't want justice with Allah either we don't want Allah to have justice with us because if he does nobody will inter-paradise no one can inter-paradise and that when the mother of the believers the wife of the Prophet ﷺ asked even you even you will inter-paradise with his mercy he said even I will inter-paradise with the mercy of Allah ﷺ it's not with justice of God that we will inter-paradise rather with his mercy so everybody is making dua on this day asking Allah ﷺ for forgiveness now why is dua important in our tradition and why is it foundational in the biggest tragedy of our time and this is those who are my age and older they can testify to this that our children do not have the same connection with Allah than our fathers and mothers and than us and the reason for that is because we didn't teach them from a young age to make dua how we were taught from a young age you want to make dua insha'Allah it will happen or you want this bicycle make dua insha'Allah it will happen or you want your homework to become easier make dua make dua is a connection between the believer and his Creator the more dua you make the more you're connected with your Creator it is not the last resort rather it's the first option whatever calamity happens to you if you get sick the first thing you do you don't call the doctor go on Google hey I have this headache what's you know how do I fix this what medicine no the first thing you do is you're the healer you're the healer you know مولانا رومي he said as همون جاوك رسالدارد همون جاوك دواء he said the one that give you the pain he's also the doctor the healer has given you the pain so he can ask him to heal you so restrain in this relationship that you have with your Lord so the first option Allah SWT difficulties financial difficulties difficulties difficulties difficulties difficulties difficulties what do you do the first thing you go to Allah and you make dua and this is the foundation of our religion دعا سلاح المؤمن the prophet SAW is a beautiful metaphor and a lot of people don't understand this hadith that the dua is the weapon of believers what happen if you have a weapon with you all the time first of all you feel protected because nobody is going to attack you if you are walking with weapons everybody is ok make way for this person it's your weapon it's your spiritual weapon that you have and that weapon goes straight straight as one of our sheikh said their weapons goes curved they throw a rocket it goes from here and it drops here our weapon goes straight the dua goes straight to Allah SWT so this is why it's the weapon of the believers you don't leave your home without your weapon you don't go sleep without your weapon by your bed you don't go anywhere without your weapon you need this spiritual weapon with you all the time and this is why one of the best dua books it's translated into English it's called The Mindful Messenger it's translated by sheikh Hamza and Dr. Asad Tarsin it's about it shows you about our Prophet SAW how mindful he was in every step of the day if you went to the bathroom there was a dua exited the bathroom there was a dua and also there was a mindfulness that when you enter you enter with the level into the bathroom when the forces come to you that I'm going to a place I need to make this dua when you come out you come out with the right foot you enter your house you enter with the right foot you say Salama why do we say Salama if there's nobody in the house why do we say Salama if there's nobody in the house because there are angels in the house you're greeting the spiritual being of the house so do you become mindful and you realize that our Prophet SAW was just strengthening his relationship with his Lord so much that he became حبيب الله every moment every action every day at night first thing that he gets up a dua when he goes to sleep a dua goes to the bathroom a dua we do a dua every limb of the body a dua why did he strengthen in this relationship what Allah SWT because الله is the will of the believer if you have Allah on your side you don't need anyone else he suffices if Allah is with you you don't need anything else but if you don't have Allah and you have the entire armies of the world behind you you're self honorable you're self honorable you're like a glass case that could be broken with a pebble but if you are with Allah and Rumi said something very interesting he said the difference between the one the difference between the one who has Allah in his heart who has Allah on his tongue who has this relationship with Allah and the one who has abandoned Allah he said what's the difference between that he said here's the difference he said اي شو دلال زي تو سنجي بداخشون تومارو he said if Allah leaves you and you are a Rumi Allah will turn you into a worthless rock but if Allah is with you and you are a worthless rock you turn into a priceless Rumi that's the difference you're still a rock both Rumi and a rock they're the same the genus is the same it's the same the stone one is worthless one is priceless if you have Allah if you have Allah you become priceless but if you don't you become worthless this is why we are making Dua this is why these days come the days of Arafa these days of Ramadan these days that remind ourselves that we need to reconnect with Allah now Dua here's the thing there's three aspects to Dua one you make Dua Allah answers it you make Dua Allah answers it وقال ربك مدعوني ستجب لك الله says you call upon me I answer it I'll answer you Dua and that's our lives we call upon him he answers we ask he gives right if you look at your children those people who have young kids and they grew up they should have died a thousand times before they hit the age of seven they should have died a thousand times why are they alive oh just grab I'm going to fall from the chair that fall would have been deadly why didn't they put the as my sheikh said why didn't they put the force into the electric they get electrocuted and as a father you see this oh my God if you were to fall if you were to fall if this would have happened if this would have happened these are all because of your Dua it's the Dua that's doing that it's protection for your kids for yourselves for your health for your well-being all of these things that we don't see we don't see somebody you know somebody's house caught on fire but what about every other house that never caught on fire why shouldn't it caught on fire don't we make the same mistake we don't leave the iron on we don't leave the stove on everybody does that but it's your Dua Allah is protecting you you have that protection so Allah answers that and we don't see it but on the day of judgment Allah removes the veil and he will tell you look at what I did but all your Dua look that time this time your son your daughter your children your wealth I did it and I didn't even show you that I did it this is the generosity of your Lord if you do something good to somebody you want to show them oh life I ordered this book for you here you go we don't send it anonymous to the house oh somebody send me a book who I don't know we tell them hey I send you a book or I send you this gift we tell them it's the nature of the human being but Allah is not doing that he's so generous on the day of judgment and he's going to show us for us to know that I answered your Dua second Allah doesn't hear your Dua he refuses to hear your Dua I said why would he refuse to hear our Dua مولانا and the Muslim he has a beautiful story about a snake charmer he's in Baghdad and he makes money from a from a snake show people from subcontinent they know tradition they had these people with snakes and they would come in the corner of the street and they would do all these dazzling thing and people would throw money on them that's how they make their money so this guy has a giant snake and that's how he makes his living that's his job every morning he comes so he takes a lunch break comes back snake is gone somebody stole a snake he gets really upset and he start going after this man and he say I gotta find him because this is bread and butter this is what puts food on my table this is what feeds my and we say ya Allah this is the suburb you gave me this let me find this guy and he start making Dua street to street in Baghdad ya Allah please if you find me I'll give this I'll show this guy and I'll take my snake back and I'll go do my show please ya Allah please why aren't you listening to my Dua why can I find my snake as he is having this conversation with his lord he pass by and he sees a man on the street dead and turn completely blue and he say oh my God my snake did that my snake did this and he realizes that it was a poisonous snake it wasn't a poisonous he didn't know he thought it was a poisonous snake like the other snake he had شكرا حق را كون دعو مر دود شود منزون بندوش دا عن سود شود so now it tells Allah ya Allah I want to thank you for not listening to my Dua I want to thank you for not listening to my Dua because I thought it was for my benefit to get the snake I didn't know it was for my heart I didn't know I would be this dead man now so Rumi said شكرا حق را كون دعو مر دود شود شكرا حق را كون دعو مر دود شود منزون بندوش دا he said your lord out of his generosity he refuses to hear your Dua when you ask for poisonous snake and how many people they ask for poisonous snake and yet they don't know right they don't say ya Allah give me this job ya Allah give me this job maybe that job is a poisonous snake for you and you don't know ya Allah let me marry this person maybe this person is a poisonous snake with you and you've been tortured for the rest of your life we ask for things but we don't ask when you make Dua it was one of the my teachers he learned it from Hezsheikh in Yemen and he told me he said it's all the story about a man who went to Hajj he went to Hajj and he said ya Allah you know when you see the Kaaba they say the first Dua is accepted first time you see the Kaaba and that's why people who go to Umrah it's good not to look at the Kaaba until you get close so you put your head down when we take the group it's like everybody looks at me like why do you do this city I said listen this is it you only get one chance in life so I put everybody's head down I said walk down look at your feet I'll tell you just go straight and everybody goes and once we get to the Sahan and the Kaaba is right I said now raise your head and make you a Dua so then you can see the Kaaba because you can see through the cracks in the pillars and then that's it you just lost that Dua because you just saw bits of it right so so he made a Dua he said ya Allah I want to die as a Shahid as a martyr so hi Muqam everybody should have that if you have that Dua that you want to die as a Shahid even if you die in your bed Allah will give you the rank of a martyr this is generosity of Allah according to our prophet so he says that he fixes finishes his Hajj and he goes back home as soon as he arrives to his town before he gets home a lion attacks him rips him apart and he kills him and he becomes a Shahid because if you're attacked by an animal after a pure Hajj and he dies so the Ulama they say he got the martyrdom but in a horrible way so you would say ya Allah give me whatever you want with Khair Lutf in Afia everything that you want with Khair Lutf in Afia Khair this is which is good for me Lutf give me with gentleness Allah can give you something in any which way you want but the best way is to come through Lutf through gentleness in Afia through well-being that is we don't a lot of us we limit Allah we think that he can only do things in one way one thing that Maulana Rumi said he said sometime you get stuck in a room with no doors in life you feel like how am I going to get out of this how am I going to get out of this this situation there's no way out of this because up block down block in front block behind block right block left block he said Rumi said you look at all direction and it's all block right I didn't say that I'm going to get out of this I'm going to get out of this I'm going to get out of this so Rumi said it's Allah don't ask me how am I going to make a way for you because all directions are blocked I'm the creator of direction and I'll make another direction that you don't see I'll make another direction you only see six directions I'll make another one because I'm the creator of direction I'm the creator of walls and I'm the creator of doors right Allah is the creator so dua it doesn't get accepted because you're asking for poisonous snake right and there's one one of probably my favorite hadith could see on the day of judgment Allah reminds us servant and this is very important for us to know because we are people who forget human being the nature of human being we forget what did Allah do he made forgetfulness impossible for him right he doesn't forget he doesn't doze off he doesn't sleep this ayat ul kursi when we read it right doesn't doze off doesn't sleep no forgetfulness with Allah we forget right so Allah says to the servant he says each and every one of you all of you he will say to each one of us do you remember that time your financial difficulty oh oh yeah that time I remember specific time Allah will remind you remember you made dua sincere from the heart yes remember I relieved it I removed that difficulty from you oh yes I remember Allah thank you thank you and then people remember those moments do you remember that time you were sick and you ask for healing and I give you healing oh yeah I remember it was really painful thank you Allah thank you do you remember that time you had difficulty with your family do you remember this time that you had this do you remember this Allah keeps reminding his servant do you remember all this time you made dua and I answered him he said yes and the servant is joyful and happy because he remembers all these time of happiness that he time that he came out from qabd he went to bus from this constriction he went to opening and then Allah says do you remember that time you had really difficult time a lot of problems you ask sincerely you ask me you Allah alleviate me from this please and I didn't and the servant breaks down because even the pain of the junior in that moment this is the day of judgment not paradise yet you know pain is very interesting he says I remember I remember that time and you didn't you didn't remove that pain you didn't alleviate me from that situation I remember he said do you know why I don't know I don't know why he said because I want to answer that door now enter my paradise what a Lord what a generous God we have I'm going to answer it now enter my paradise so sometimes we feel like Allah is not answering he's delaying the answer because he's going to give you an amazing answer he's going to give you an amazing answer that's our Lord that's our Allah دعا make دعا for yourself make دعا for your children make دعا for your offspring most of you are here in a masjid in America because maybe your great-grandfather make دعا for his luryat and you are here from their دعا I just got delayed and Allah answered it four generations later or five generations later or two years just keep making دعا you say oh my son oh my daughter okay the mother of Mary al-salam you know what was her دعا mother of Maryam al-salam يالله give me a give me a son to become a prophet that was her دعا she wanted a prophet a son to be a when she had a baby she said it's a girl but she didn't know that her daughter was already answered and al-isa al-salam comes from from her daughter without a father from her daughter from Maryam al-salam without a father we don't know the wisdom of Allah just keep making don't stop making دعا and one of the great the great the great shirazi he said he give advice to himself and one thing about when you read poetry when the poets give advice to themselves or to their beloved when they say to my John you know John in my life my soul or to their children or when they mention their own name those are the best advice because you can't give better advice whatever you want for yourself is like the best thing nobody wants to harm themselves he said he said he said he said he said he said oh have this your job is to keep making دعا that's your job that's not your job to say, oh did you hear it did you hear it is he gonna answer is he gonna answer that's not your job that's not your job your job is to continue making دعا but to make دعا make دعا for grand for things that are that is not that doesn't expire it's not experimental لا يجب أن يكون هناك أشياء أخرى. لا يجب أن يكون هناك أشياء أخرى. يجب أن يكون هناك أشياء أخرى. هل أنت أخبرت أول أشياء أخرى؟ لا أستطيع أن أشارك هذا. أخبرت أول أشياء أخرى was for a bicycle. أخبرت أول أشياء أخرى was probably like six or seven, and I saw this catalog from Iran, and this is during the war in Afghanistan. This magazine and then in the magazine there was an ad for this bicycle. It looked like a bicycle from heaven, an amazing bicycle. When you're at age, that's it. And I was like, oh my God, I want this. So there's no way I could ask anybody for this, because the war, the borders are closed, there's no shopping, there's no this. I just used to go in the corner and I didn't say, I want this bicycle, you know I want this bicycle. And I had that thing cut out, and I put it under my pillow every night and I sleep on it. So anyways, months passed by, and I keep making these laws. And me and my brother used to share a room. After a couple of months, my mom called me and said, come downstairs, your brother sent you something, a huge box, open the box. It's the bicycle, it's the one from the picture. And I'm like, yes, yes, you heard it. Yes, and I was so happy. It was such an amazing connection in that moment. I didn't know that my brother was very annoyed with me, making these laws. He couldn't understand. So he saw the picture, and when I was, he took it from under my pillow and he showed me, oh, this poor kid has been crying for months. My mom gives it to my brother. And then this basically circulated, and then they went and they sent somebody because I was the youngest in the family, so they spoiled, and I got it. But I didn't know about the result of it until like 10 years later. I always thought that no, Allah just worked, and that's how Allah works. Allah did that. Allah made my brother hear it. Allah inspired him to give it to my mom. Allah inspired my mom to give it to my brother. Allah inspired my brother during war to send somebody to another nation to bring it. It's all Allah. He did all of that. It's not like you say, oh, yeah, well, Allah didn't just drop it from the heaven for you. That's how Allah works. That's how He does things. Through Asbab. He could have just not inspired my brother who did that. He just throw it in the trash. But he did it. He did it. There's a famous story of a Pahlawan. He is mentioned in the تسكرة الأولياء of فريد الجين أطال. This Pahlawan is Iranian Persian Pahlawan and he is undefeated. Completely undefeated. He is the king's Pahlawan.  So the kings, the prince, one of the prince from India comes to visit Persia and the Khalifa says that, okay, we'll have a wrestling match. Everybody knows about this. A Pahlawan محمود فرياء. That's his name. A Pahlawan محمود فرياء. Everybody knows محمود فرياء is like خبيب. Like, there's no way you can beat this guy. This guy is deadly. And they come. And this Indian wrestler is good. But he knows he's not that good. Like, he knows there's no... So anyways با حلوان محمود is very smart. He always wants to know the moves of his opponent.  The mother of the Indian wrestler is shivering at night. Because you know his own با حلوان محمود. He can break the bones of people. So he, she is in a courtyard and she's just making يا الله, please don't humiliate my son. يا الله, please don't humiliate my son. I don't want to hurt my son. I don't want him to get hurt. My son is going against this beast با حلوان محمود فرياء. What is he going to do? يا الله. So she's making it. So محمود فرياء wants to see how this guy trains. And at this time that the mother is making يا الله, he's on the roof trying to find out if he's practicing in a courtyard. So he hears the door of the mother. He hears this door. يا الله, protect my son from this guy. I hope he doesn't hurt my son. I hope, if my son is defeated the prince is going to, what is he going to do with him when we get back? How humiliating that would be. So she's making this door to Allah and he hears it. So they make say they go the battle everybody's there. محمود. محمود everybody's shouting and they go in the battle and they start fighting and fighting and fighting and they're all shocked. They go, this Indian prince is really good. Beats him up. Knocks him up. محمود falls down. They lose. First loss. King throws the towel at him.  He's done. His whole thing is done. That night he falls asleep and he sees in his dream and he hears the voice of God and says, we know why you did that. We know why you did that. You wanted her to become true and you were the one that could do that. Nobody else could do this. Only you could do this. And you did it. And you did it for me. Even though nobody will ever remember you as a wrestler I'm going to make you be remembered as my Awliya. And he is one of the top saints. Two saints that we have in the history of Islam that we're wrestlers. He's one of them. Why? دعا. All asbab. And if you can make somebody's دعا become a reality, go ahead and you would see the result of how Allah will deal with you and what He's going to turn you into. And what He's going to turn you into. So, to conclude دعا has عدب. Have that. But Mawlana Rumi says something very interesting. He said, when you're making دعا Allah is not interested in your grammar. He's interested in the grammar of the heart. مهومي بوياد. ننّا. You need grammar of the heart. You don't need morphology. You don't need صرف النحر. You need grammar of the heart. Speak from the heart. Speak in any language. The best دعا. The best دعا is when you're tongue tied. And you can't say anything. And Allah hears everything. You don't have to. Allah doesn't need you to come and say when people go to they go to Hajj and they're making talk of the house with a paper in their hand. How do you make دعا like that? So you have paper in your hand? Imagine somebody comes to you and they want to tell you something. Yeah, I saw money come back.  It's so disrespectful. To the one who understand your thoughts, who created your tongue, who inspired you to say it. Are you still going to try to be politically correct and with a paper? Just speak from your heart. People say oh, I don't have a lot as soon as memorize. They'll say yeah, just keep repeating it. Do you have just keeps repeating it. You know just say conference go there there's not much. Let's just say say say whatever you just say it in English. Allah you are great. Please be to you. I love you. Just talk to Allah from your heart. Don't talk from a paper. Don't talk from a paper. You know Molana has a story about a king who good king. A lot of people love him. But it's specifically one man. One man is in love with the king. Everybody knows the lover of the king. Oh, the lover of the king. He walks with everybody knows him. He loves the king. The king of all of the people in the nation knows him. Knows him by name. My lover. This man. Oh, man.  You give his life for the king. Anything. You can't say anything bad about the king. As just every prayer he does two units of nuffles send it to the protection of the king. He's an amazing man. Love the king. Everybody knows. So he goes to see the king once a year in the castle. When he goes everybody wants to say hey, can you tell the king to do this because if you tell him he would never say no to you. He would never say no to you. So he goes over here. So he goes to the king and he has packed his folk with paper. All proposals for people. Hey, king, if you can help me buy a house, if you can give me a donation, if you can get my brother out of prison. Everybody has issues to the king. So his pocket is full of just proposal to the king. And he goes to the king. He says when I get there I will tell him I'll read one by one and I'll tell him all your stuff and he will do it. Trust me. This is the least I can do for you guys. He goes and he says and they said listen, we know the king. This is hundreds of things. If you can get us like 10 approval, we are more than happy. If you get 10 approval, if you get 5, we are happy. We know that he's not going to answer all of this. You have like hundreds of proposals here. So he goes to the king and he sees the king comes into the room and he says oh my false. He goes unconscious from the love of the king. He's smiling and he goes I can't even look at me. Look how much he loves me. Look at you guys. Look how much he loves me. As he falls the papers come out from his pocket. And the king says take all of those proposal answers all of them. Take all the proposal answer all of them. Had he proposed it he would have got 5% or 10% done. But because of the love because he couldn't say it Allah answered all of it. So whatever's in your heart when you make door Allah knows your heart. You don't have to say something. Sometimes you get overwhelmed. Allah knows your heart. That's the moment that you get overwhelmed. You have so many things that you want to ask. And don't think that you're asking too much from Allah. You can't ask too much from Allah. Right? But the greatest thing you can ask from Allah is my favorite scholar of all time Khajab Dallal Al-Sadi. He said everyone who comes to your door everyone who comes to your door Allah they want something from you. من أحمدًا أستطرمها I came to your door I want you from you. Everyone wants something from you. I want you from you.  Put you in my heart. Put your light in my heart. Because if I have you I have everything. I'm that precious Rumi And if I don't have you I'm a worthless rock. I have nothing. And that's the way of our علماء. That's the way of our teachers. That's the way of our religion. It's the religion of دعاء. We have abandoned the دعاء. One of my sheikh's son told me he said that his father said to him that if you want to teach your children anything teach them these two things one to make دعاء this connection from a young age or you want this make دعاء insha'Allah with facility and they make دعاء and then make it happen or you want ice cream keep making دعاء maybe Allah will make it happen and then they make دعاء you say but do you make enough دعاء how many times you say five or say more come on ask more and they go hey I think it's ice cream time wow do you do all the answers right so you would do that from a young age or four so they can get this connection with Allah سبحانه وتعالى the second thing to teach them is دعاء whatever you do but you make a mistake make sure you ask Allah for forgiveness make sure so that دعاء are the two jewels you can give your children everything else is extra and additional the two things you can give that is essential that will connect them with Allah is teach them to make دعاء for whatever they want and to make دعاء إن شاء الله and may Allah make us amongst the people of دعاء and the people of طوبة إن شاء الله and these blessed days and blessed nights of the first ten days of دلحج إن شاء الله زاكلة فهيلا if there's any correction, comment or question other than that we'll do a دعاء إن شاء الله and they know a دعاء do you have any question for city Faridun yeah we heard a lot about دعاء it's time for دعاء especially after عصر when Maghrib comes close you can do individual دعاء فيز القبلة ask Allah for anything it's the best time to make دعاء same thing like the حجاج during عرفة city Faridun he mentioned a very important point if you don't know how to make دعاء a man came to the prophet told him teach me some دعاء I don't know how to make دعاء and the prophet told him what do you say he said I just say الله مدخل للجنة وان الجني من النار he said I just ask Allah to put me in jannah to keep me away from the whole fight the prophet ﷺ has said this very important statement after that he said حاول هادا نودان دين all what we do all what we say all what we ask Allah is about this so if you're saying this this is enough so if you don't know the Quran you know قل هو الله وحدر he said قل الله many times all it's the whole Quran فاتحة same thing same دعاء إن شاء الله any dua that you can make إن شاء الله good dua it's beneficial إن شاء الله let's make dua together then we'll give you a few minutes to make dua individual inshaAllah before بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على المبعوث رحمة للعالمين سيدنا وحبيبنا المصطفة محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين أصحاب رسول الله أجمعين وخصوصا أبي بكر وعمر وعثمان وعلي وعن سائر الصحابة أجمعين وعن تابعين وتابع التابعين ومن تبعهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين وعن نام معهم بفضلك وجودك وكرمك يا أكرم الأكرمين يا أرحم اللهم يهدى صباحك شبك الشبك ألاتنا اللهم اصلح بناتنا، اللهم اصلح نساءنا، اللهم اصلح رجالنا، اللهم اصلح مجتمعنا يا رب العالمين اللهم spaghettiunna اللهم اغفر لجميع المسلمين والمسلمات، والمؤمنين والمؤمنات الاحياء منهم والأموات إن كياموا لنا سميع قريب المجيب الصلاع اللهم معافنا من بلائي الدنيا وأعداب الأخرة وعفو عننا يا رب العالمين وعفو عننا يا أكرم الأكرمين اللهم اجعلنا لك ذاكيرين اللهم اجعلنا لك شاكيرين اللهم اجعلنا لك أووابين اللهم اجعلنا إليك منيبين اللهم اجعلنا عليك متوكلين يا رب العالمين اللهم معافنا من بلاء الدنيا وعذاب الآخرة وعفو عننا يا رب العالمين اللهم مغفرتك أوسع من ذنوبنا ورحمتك أرجا عندنا من أعمالنا فرحمنا برحمتك يا أرحم الراحمين يا رب العالمين يا أكرم الأكرمين يا أول الأولين يا آخر الأخرين يا ذا القوة المتين يا رحم الفقراء والضعفاء والمساكين ارحم اللهم ضعفنا اللهم ارحم ضعفنا يا رب العالمين اللهم ارحم ضعفنا يا رب العالمين اللهم اكرمنا بكرمك يا رب العالمين وزدنا من فضلك يا أكرم الأكرمين اللهم اثبتنا بالقول الثابط في الحياة الدنيا وفي الآخرة واجمع شمل المسلمين. اللهم اجمع شمل المسلمين على الحق والدين. اللهم انصرهم في كل مكان وفي كل زمان يا رب العالمين وخوصوصا في فرستين والشام والعراق واليمان وفي السودان وفي افغانستان وباكستان والهنده وارومه وبرمى يا رب العالمين اللهم انصر إخواننا في كل زمان ومكان يا أكرم الأكرمين يا أرحم الراحمين اللهم يكل إخواننا في الصين ولي وناصر يا رب العالمين اللهم اجمع شمل المسلمين وواحد كلمتهم يا أرحم الراحمين وردهم إلى دينهم ردا جميلا يا رب العالمين اللهم اجعل جمعنا هذا مرحوما وتفرقنا من بعده تفرقا سارما موفقا من الشر معصوما اللهم لا تجعل فينا ولا مننا ولا معنا شقي ولا محروما ولا معذب بنار اللهم يا أرحم الراحمين يا رب العالمين إرحم موتانا وموت المسلمين أجمعين رب غفر لنا ولوالدين ورحمهما كما ربونا صغارا يا رب العالمين من كان منهم ميتا فالله مرحمه في هذا اليوم اللهم أوسع قبره اللهم نور قبره وجعل قبرهم ضياءا ونورا عليهم يا رب العالمين من كان حين فالله ممتعه بالصحة والعافية من كان من والدين حين فالله ممتعه بالصحة والعافية يا رب العالمين اللهم اهدنا جميعا لما تحبه وترضاه يا مقلب القلوب ثبت قلوبنا على دينك يا مقلب القلوب ثبت قلوبنا على طاعتك ومحبتك ومحبت نبينا وحبيبنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ومحبة الفقراء والمساكين وإذا أردت بعبادك فتنة فقبضنا إليك غير مفتونين برحمتك يا أرحم الرحمن يا رب العالمين أرجوك أن تقديم الكثير من المساكين وإذا أردت بعبادك فتنة فقبضنا إليك غير مفتوعة برحمتك يا رب العالمين اللهم مهافيه مما هو فيه أمين أمين والسلام على المرصدين والحمد لله رب العالمين الفاتحة لدينا بعض الوقت للمغرب اعطيه يريد ان تأخذ سباة إن شاء الله ونبحث عن القبلة والدعاء لك ونفسك ومجموعة إن شاء الله this is a very good time to make du'a السلام عليكم فقط لجيسطاقيا إن شاء الله لدينا 833 is when مغرب is إن شاء الله لدينا some time فأمows the volunteers that are managing the dinner they ask me to make an announcement that if you haven't checked in there's a sister and brother out in the lobby If you can just check in Those that haven't registered it's okay we're gonna let those that did register go first in the line for iftar إن شاء الله and then those that haven't registered إن شاء الله won't be enough food for everybody but we'll just do it that way ان شاء الله So just to this a little ticket that'll give you and you check in ان شاء الله And then we will see you in the per-hall جزاقيا


I've always enjoyed power, I've always enjoyed energy, but the fact that we can get it from the sun is really something quite exciting. My name is Wes Steen, I'm at CSIRO here in Newcastle. This is one of the two solar towers in Australia. It looks simple in many ways, you know, you reflect the sun, you make something hot, you make steam or you turn a turbine. There's an awful lot of R&D and mistakes that have happened along the way, we've overcome them and we're now up there with the best technology in the world. This technology is fantastic because its real value is in the storage, the very low cost storage that it provides. So you could see photovoltaics, wind, all working, but as long as we've got the storage there to back that up, we've actually got a firm dispatchable renewable power supply. So we've started here at CSIRO just over a decade ago, we've taken some risks, we've built some solar fields here and we're now internationally recognised for our research. What we're looking to do is to get this technology out of R&D and into industry as quickly as possible. You can probably see around you that it is the sort of technology that Australians would love to build. Australian government has been very supportive of this work to the point now where as a result of that support, we're internationally recognised here and being asked to move our technology overseas. China has suddenly become this behemoth in renewable energy. They've come to us, they've said this looks really good, we would like to buy it and so we've licensed our technology that was developed through Australian government funding now to Chinese companies and very soon we could actually see Australian technology being built in China. The heliostats are very much like a car and so we've had great success working with the automotive industry in Australia using their expertise to turn our ideas into mass produced items at as low a cost as possible and that's happening right now. We've licensed a number of Australian companies to do this. We also are working with companies to build this tower. In fact everything that you see here was built with expertise within 50 kilometres of Newcastle.


Okay, welcome. So I'm going to talk about Swap, Swear and Swindle, which many of you might already know from our early orange papers on the incentive structure for content distribution and content storage. But it has evolved quite considerably since then to be a framework for incentivizing all kinds of distributed services as Victor was alluding to. And I'm going to go through the story of how this platform developed. So I'm going to spend a lot of time talking about our checkbook payment contract, which grew from a very simple micro payment contract into the more complete platform that we're, well, we're building. It's not finished yet, but where do I, where do I target this? Turn it on. Okay, so, well, we don't, this is sort of our outline of the paper. I'm going to start with Swap, which is the peer-to-peer accounting protocol. So Swap is the protocol by which nodes keep track of the services provided and consumed. And in a decentralized system, you have to have a per peer accounting of everything you do, and everything is on a per connection basis, because of course there's no central providers. So nodes keep track of the services consumed for every peer. And I gave the following example in our swarm update on the main stage. I said the basic first use case of swarm supplying app data in a decentralized way would work as follows. You type in a swarm address in your URL bar, and that would be resolved by ENS into a content hash. And that's the only thing we need the blockchain for, for data provision, because once we have the hash, we can query our peers for that data and be sure that we can get the correct data. And then step four was I said you receive the data from the peers and you compensate them accordingly. And in this compensate them accordingly, that's where the entire payment infrastructure was hidden. So I'm going to talk about that. And of course step five was render the DAP. So how does it work under the hood? A node, so I always have these two nodes today. It's node one and node two. They halfway through the slides, they turn into node A and node B. Don't know how that happened. So node two requests data and it gets delivered. And instead of paying for every chunk, because that would make a very unusable protocol, you actually allow a bit of leeway and you have more data. But after a certain while, if too much service gets consumed, node two would have to pay node A in some sense. And I said it pays by sending a check using our checkbook contract. It's an off chain payment. And I'll get more, I'll talk a lot more about that to sort of balance out consumption. So if node one and node two consume services from each other and it's balanced, you never actually need payment. So it's not always service for payment. It could be a service for service exchange and the swap takes into account all of these scenarios. So internally, this is a representation of what a swap channel might look like. When we start, we're here. Neither node owes any node anything. And as one node consume services, our internal balance tilts towards the side. And within this range, we're happy to move back and forth. If we move too far to one side, we have to initiate a payment. So this is our current status. If node two consumes more data, it'll end up here. And at that point, it has to pay to get us back to sort of the balanced channel state. If we go too far to the side, we disconnect. That's the penalty. So how does this basic checkbook work? You have a swarm node. It has a checkbook contract deployed. And this checkbook contract has some balance. Now at this point, node one can pay node two by issuing a check. So it writes a check, referencing its checkbook contract, an amount. Here it's one ether. And at this point, node two has the option of caching in that check. So caching in the check means sending that check to the blockchain, to that contract, and that contract will send one ether to node two. The alternative is not to cache the check. We're trying to save on transaction costs. And the trick here is that the check payments from node one to node two are cumulative. So you can keep collecting more and more checks. And each new check kind of makes the previous one unnecessary and you only ever have to cache the last one. So how that works is the first check was for one ether. And the second check, if node one wants to pay another two, it would issue a check which has a total of three on it. And if one then wants to pay another seven, it will issue a check, not one that says seven, but one that says 10. And when node two caches checks, well, let's assume we've already cached the first check. And so the contract remembers how much node one has already cached, node two has cached. So when it sends in a supplementary check, it gets paid the difference. So in that sense, you can only ever need to cache the last check. So what do I have? If a wants to send b another three ether creates a check with a total of 13, which when cached initiates a payment of three. So what that means is that node b really has the option of pay of caching checks anytime. They give immediate on chain payments, but b can choose how frequently to cash checks. So maybe if we're new in business, I might cash your checks frequently. But if we have a connection and share data for months on end, after a while, I might just cash them once a day or once a week. It's really a matter of trust. So the more often I cash them, the higher my security guarantees, but also the higher my costs are. So but that's up to me. Yeah, so a section on negative checks. So we want to extend this checkbook, perhaps in the following scenario. What can happen if we have a swap channel that has a lot of variants? So it tilts one way and then it tilts the other way a lot. We end up getting uncached checks accumulating on both sides. And it would really be nice if we could sort of play them off against each other. So in this case, I have on my slide here an 18 here and a five there. But as well, I'm continuing my example. We've already cashed 13. So what this represents is both nodes owe each other five. And so why can't we just cancel that out instead of having to do two on chain payments? So that's what this sort of negative checks idea is about. We want to avoid this situation. So we extend the checkbook in the following way. The checks now have a serial number. So you see check number four from A to B has the 13 ether total. And the checkbook remembers not just how much was cashed, but what the last check serial number that was cashed was. So now another change is that caching checks is no longer instantaneous. We need a security delay, which is not surprising. If you any work on payment channels always has these security delays. So node B holds a check with 13. So it means it can get paid out another three. And now suppose the channel goes the other way and node B needs to pay node A 1.5 ether. It can create a check. That was the old method. Send a check with 1.5. Or what it can do is it can take this check number four superseded with a check number five. So it's got serial number five with a new total of 11.5 ether. So it's reduced its total. So it can cash that check whenever it would like. Still works. And get the 1.5 difference. And if node B tries to cheat by sending in the earlier check, well that's where the security delay comes in. Node A would send the check which is signed by B to show no, that's not correct. And the serial number keeps track of which one is the newest one. So this method allows us to do a lot of business accumulating a bunch of uncached checks, some serial number and some total. And then if the balance goes the other way, we can keep going, keep going, keep going until all this balance is used up and we're effectively back at zero. And we can do all of that without ever caching a check. So that's really useful for doing repeated payments off chain. And yeah, only once we've hit zero here do we ever have to send checks the other way. So they accumulate on one side and then de-accumulate and then maybe accumulate on the other and de-accumulate. But sort of this going goes back and forth and we're trying to avoid ever using the blockchain or use it as little as possible. Yeah, the benefits are we can reduce the transaction costs much more than just the simple payment contract, the single checkbook. And yes, it's better suited for high variance swap channels because it's high variance where you have the checks piling up. And this might actually be a common use case. Like when you are running a swarm node, you're continually providing little bits of data to your peers and then you sit down and watch a movie and that's when you really, you know, use up a lot of bandwidth. So this kind of high variance is actually, as we're assuming, is going to be typical. Yeah, and this method can be further extended to support payment channels. Now, what do I mean by that? So payment channels a little bit different than checkbook and the difference is in terms of security. So let me talk about the security of checkbook payments. How secure is a check? Well, the answer is they're not really secure. And I mean, the sort of baby example is the following. A has a checkbook with 100 on it, sends B a check worth one, B is happy, I can cash this check whenever I want. A creates a check to itself, pays out the full 100, B tries to cash the check, and there is no collateral left, right? It's pooled. There's 100 here was pooled over all the outstanding checks that is issued. And we have no idea what those checks are. They could be, you know, I mean, to be fair, there's more to be said here, because if these checkbooks are long running, and you can see over, you know, the past month, past year, past five years that node A has issued checks and honored all of them, you've got an on chain credit history of node A. And if it ever issues checks that are not covered, that would be visible for all future. So the security is more implicit based on, you know, credit history and trust, but it's not hard coded into any smart contract. So suppose we wanted more hard guarantees. So we have the same guarantees as a payment channel. That would work as follows. Instead of having one collateral for all outstanding checks, the checkbook has subtotals of that reserved for certain peers. So I'd have 100 for all my outstanding checks, but locked for B is 30 locked for C is 10 and locked for D is three, meaning that B can be sure that any checks they hold will be honored up to and including 30. Because whenever somebody tries to take, you know, more than I suppose you want to empty node A's checkbook and there's an outgoing transaction for 100. At that point, node B can say, no, I still have this check handed in and they take they have press take precedent. So that's a security guarantee. And if we also use this method of checks going up and down in balance, you can see that this is already functionally equivalent to a payment channel. Well, it's only half a payment channel because it starts out with only payments from A to B. But if we have one of these on both sides, A and B have checkbooks with amounts locked for each other, then this is functionally equivalent to a payment channel. Right, what did I want to say? Oh, yeah, so a bit of nomenclature. We're calling this the in our upcoming paper, we're writing all of these up this payment infrastructure. So this is called a channel deposit. Actually, we're calling this a hard channel deposit, because there's a twist to this where we can have something else called soft channel deposits that I want to talk about very briefly. So suppose we have collateral that's pulled over several names. So we might have B has a 30 ether locked with it as beneficiary, but we could all say, well, C and D together have a guarantee of 13. And how much of that is actually for C and how much of that is actually for D can change with time. And the idea we want to do is we want to rebalance payment channels off chain. Right, right now, payment channels are great for repeated payments. But if one channel is depleted, another one fills up, you need on chain payments to rebalance. And this is a scheme to try to even do that rebalancing without ever needing to go on chain. And it works as long as your families of payment channels are small, you have a few peers, but within a swarm network, there's a limited number of peers with which you do repeated business. So as long as nodes A, the checkbook owner and the beneficiary C and D agree on how much of that soft channel deposit covers the each checks, then we're good. So maybe we start out with C having three F guaranteed and wait, 10 for C and three for D. And then to change that, A would send a message saying, okay, from the next epoch, and there's epochs of time periods. So in the next epoch, we want to change this so that now seven are guaranteed for C and six are guaranteed for D. And that message is signed by A. That's not yet enough, because C and D have to agree as well. As long as there's consensus within that small group of peers, they can rebalance, they can rebalance their payment channels without ever going on chain. So with those ingredients, we believe that this checkbook infrastructure really does allow for a network of payment channels with rebalancing without ever really needing to go on chain or very, very rarely. So it's good for a lot of repeated micro transactions. And this rebalancing, by the way, is important because of variance. So if we expect a lot of payments to flow in one way, we might need to increase the guarantees for one peer and then later as it flows the other way, we can decrease that guarantee increase another and all of these kinds of games we want to play without needing to go on the blockchain. So yeah, it requires consensus from all the name parties to function securely. And if any one of those peers drops offline, well, then you need to go on chain to start a new cycle with a new set of peers, probably. But the details of that are still being written up. It's all a question of how to reach consensus amongst your peers on what everyone's guarantee is. Right. At some point, I can, all right. So this idea of the checkbook that I've introduced so far is going to be the basis for a much wider range of payments. So it's not just about storage and data retrieval. We want to, you know, we want to enable peer to peer services of many different types, as I mentioned, and we want it to fit into the same infrastructure. So the checkbook is really easily extendable to allow different kinds of payments, different kinds of financial instruments. So I'm just going to list a few examples. Promissory notes and bonds, they work just like checks that can be cashed at a future time. So they have a valid from and valid until date. That means only during that time can they be cashed. And again, they don't really have to be cashed at that time as long as you they're subsumed within some swap messages. But so bonds works. Recurring payments as well, a recurring payment, if I pay you, if I give you a check with the rule that you can cash it once a week for the next five months, and that's a recurring payment. And again, it doesn't have to go on chain as long as within a swap channel, both parties agree that a payment happened. It happened. Bounties, yes, bounties are called conditional bonds or conditional checks. So I can issue you a check that you cannot cash unless some other condition is met. And that condition is separate to this game. Like there's a little hook in the check which says evaluate some third contract, which tells you whether the condition happened, yes or no. So maybe that condition is an oracle of telling you whether some GitHub issue had been closed with you as a author of a PR, whatever it is. And then that cash can be checked. So bounties work in this case, loans as well. I can agree to reduce the swap balance between us, effectively loaning you something in exchange for a check that is only valid in future, which is the repayment. Yeah, so it's very flexible. And there's many other checks, many other forms we can we can imagine including. And so even the Swam's long term storage request, this is kind of where we started developing these ideas. They fit into this framework. Long term storage is a payment that you can only unlock by giving repeated proofs of custody. The proof of custody is the condition saying you still have the data and that gives you the payment. And it also just takes the form of a conditional check. Yeah, in our upcoming paper, an overview of the kind of things you can do bounties, deposits, conditional loans. It's very flexible. And well, we're still writing it all up, but it's coming soon. Briefly swear, what is swear in this context? Swear is a contract where you can tie up collateral to promise that you're going to behave well according to certain service provisions and be penalized if you don't. It's also a registration to indicate what services you want to offer. You can register yourself with a storage service, register yourself with I don't know, some database provision service. So swear handles the registrations. And yeah, so the swear contract, the registrations tell the swap contracts what kind of conditional bonds are allowed within the swap channel. And it's supposed to be really flexible. So I could choose to be just a relaying node. I could choose to be a storing node. I could choose to be any other node. And the only changes that have to do is register with the appropriate swear contract. And then the swap channels are now allowing payments of that type conditional checks of that type. And the other ingredients swindle. Swindle, the swindle contracts are the enforcers of these contracts. So you register with swear and swindle is really the logic. It's the evaluating the conditions of the conditional payments. So while swear tells us what kind of services we're offering and what kind of conditional bonds we accept, swindle allows us to enforce those conditions. So again, the original example was long term storage. The swindle contract evaluates the proof of custody. Do I really still have the data? Or you know, punishes me if I don't. And to be fair, the swindle contract doesn't actually do this. The swindle contract only handles the logic of accusing someone evaluating an accusation and handling accordingly. And the contract that handles the proof of custody is a sort of hook-in to the swindle system. The swindle system is just the court system itself. Right. And so this is sort of a little bit of an overview of the interaction between the three contracts. You know, the swindle contract is the judge of trying to evaluate whether something happened. It in return can call sentencing. It can cause swears collateral to be burnt. That's, you know, the original example. It handles the verification of notes. This is where I said, you know, proof of custody would be on this level. Conditional bonds evaluated by swindle and, yeah, commitments to services to credit deposit. So this is these three sort of interact nicely. And they're extensible, that's really important. So anytime you can define on chain what it means to provide a service, if you can write a contract that can understand, that can give you a yes or no answer whether a service was provided, then it can be tied into this payment infrastructure. And oracles, of course, are really important down here. Plugging in an oracle that tells you whether something happened allows you to make conditional payments based on that oracle, and it should fit in really smoothly on our infrastructure. So we're writing all that up. That's upcoming. It's work in progress. And do you want to say a few words? Come on. Thanks. So just a few things to complement what Aaron said so far. So the whole context of these software and swindle games is of course to have proper service networks over a large number of nodes. So the idea here is that the security of these swap channels is really based on the idea that the nodes that set up a swap channel between themselves engage in repeated dealings. So because of the accumulated micro payments is what allows us to hold out, for example, you know, on-chain caching of checks. And that's why it's really important that the nodes that engage in swap channel dealings have recurring interaction with each other. However, the whole point of this is that if you have a cadamely topology of nodes like a proper graph where you can guarantee that each node is reachable from every other node, then you can extend the service interactions between peers in two ways. First of all, you can extend them in terms of frequency. So you can have one-off ad hoc transactions between peers instead of repeated dealings. Because you can have indirect transactions which go through individual hops which correspond to the swap channels. And also in terms of ad hoc and one-off payments, and also in terms of any node, like any two nodes can interact. It's not just your direct peers. And the whole point is that with such a cadamely topology, each node is connected to like a small constant set of nodes at any one time. So their interactions and their having contracts with each other is kind of feasible. And at the same time, it allows, if you combine them into this swap channel networks, then you can guarantee that any two nodes can interact with each other in like even an ad hoc one-off fashion. And so one example of this is that when, for example, payments between nodes can be extended to any two nodes based on these hops, which is basically a lightening network or a Raiden-style network which can force out from this paradigm. The other important thing that I would like to talk about is that such service networks allow a zero cost entry to a service because the moment you are allowed to provide service to your peers, the peer can basically commit to pay you by creating the checkbook contract for you once they consumed enough service so that your service covers the cost of creating a contract. And so basically nodes can bootstrap themselves in such a service system without having any ether balance. And that's quite a nice property because you can have an entry point to the ecosystem without going through exchanges and all kinds of things, which is usually quite a serious bottleneck to a lot of people, especially those who have problems with like banking services in their country or region. So one important thing is the service network extension of these hops and Swindler games. And maybe the other aspect that I need to mention is how the Swindler contract works. So as Aron mentioned, the idea is that the Swindler contract is just a generic contract that knows how to orchestrate a trial, basically knows how to conduct a trial. We chose to conceptualize this as a finite state automaton because in the finite state automaton, the states correspond to the stages of a trial. For example, that a trial is in the face of evaluating the first accusation and cause a witness contract that testifies to a particular evidence that's submitted to a contract. This abstraction allows for quite a varied types of evidence to be evaluated by the contracts and at the same time keeps the logic of the flow of the trial quite succinct and quite easy to argue about. So as the finite state automaton is progressing, so in one stage it causes a witness contract and according to the testimony of that contract, whether the evidence confirms the accusation or refutes that, it progresses the trial in the next stage. And at the end of the trial, the end state of the automaton is of course the guilty or non-guilty verdict that with the help of which the execution is given back to the swear contract which can then confiscate the deposit, the collateral that underpins your promise to comply with the service provision conditions. So with this intricate interaction between the three contracts, basically the hope is that we provide a base layer infrastructure for supporting all kinds of service economies, most notably incentivization in terms of rewards on the one hand, so positive incentivization for actual services provided and on the other hand, service guarantees, so guarantees to service consumers that if certain promises of a continuing service provision is not met, then you can have individual punitive measures enforced on the service providers which gives a very strong guarantees usually that that service is provided properly as an emergent property of these networks. So this is it basically. So thank you for your attention.


Focus on the things you can control. You can't really control if something you are working on will be successful or not. But you can control simply getting to work at it. So make that your goal, just getting to work. Ultimately, results will follow.