a lot of times there's that huge debate or that discussion around whether it's better to buy or to rent and some people just opt for renting because they're like it's so much easier just sign the lease I go in and I don't have all these maintenance issues to deal with let's talk us or rather talk us through some of the benefits one gets by owning and purchasing a home fear not we are here to guide you through the steps of becoming a first-time home owner join us as we simplify the process and break it down so that you can start the process of becoming owner this is the private property podcast I'm doing good evening congratulations once again to Mukhale Mukhale for walking away with 500 grand cash from yesterday's show thank you so much for engaging with us Mukhale and hopefully your weekend is starting off on a good note you can be just like him because winning is easy here on the private property podcast join the conversation tonight on Facebook by commenting as many times as you can and when you're commenting be mention your friends tag your friends comment with your experiences if you're a first-time owner and you could walk away with 500 grand cash for just sharing your thoughts we all know that knowledge is power and sharing knowledge is exactly the reason why we are here especially when it comes to property these are the property you know knows for a first-time home buyer number one don't allow emotions to influence your decisions the spending doesn't stop after you buy a house there's moving repairs decorating and so on after that you have utility bills if you haven't budgeted for these adequately these bills can pile up quite quickly number two don't underestimate the running costs of a home being prepared will not only minimize the stress of the process it will also allow you to save money from the get-go and minimize the possibility of accumulating unnecessary and unforeseen debt number three don't rush your decision without proper without proper research take your time to map out your home buying journey well bear in mind how long you will need to save money repair poor credit as well as apply for pre-approval number four don't be unsure of your affordability understand how much you can afford to spend to as well as the type of bond you will need you can expect to get from a bank see how much you qualify for before you take that plan we hope that you enjoyed the property no-nose especially if you are one of those people who are prospectively going into the market to buy a home remember forewarned is for arms because if you have a clear understanding of the process it will also allow you to have a clear plan of action you can easily avoid costly mistakes and enjoy your first home because you are meant to enjoy it is a beautiful achievement that you don't want to turn into a little misery a couple of weeks ago I sat down with a head of sales who has demonstrated history of working with information as well as information services in the property industry luckily for us she will dissect and break down the daunting process of buying your first home she is the head of digital at limestone her name is Hailey Ivan Downs thank you to me thank you for the opportunity it's awesome to be here thank you so much you know we we we try as much as possible to bring people like yourself who are seasoned you know in in their in their field to come talk to our facebook family even those who are joining us on twitter on the spaces and people who come back onto our podcast to listen and hear these tips and I want us to jump straight in and talk about first time bias do you remember the first time you bought a property do you do you remember the feeling do you remember some of the things that were going in in your mind I do absolutely it was 20 years ago to be exact it was completely daunting I was it was overwhelming all of a sudden you have a huge amount of money that you now have to start paying off but you have your own property and along comes that with that as maintenance so it was just it was kind of two-fold very exciting very daunting all in one sure and talk us through the process like what is the the general process of acquiring a property how does it look you know some people think ah we know we know this already but maybe there's somebody who's watching us for the first time tonight and doesn't know how the process looks and sometimes doesn't even know that it's so detailed and so intricate and daunting as you have said so please just talk us through that process and how it typically looks okay so I think firstly if you're deciding you're going to own a property I think that's kind of the first step then you need to understand what you can actually afford and I would recommend obviously doing an affordability calculator using one of the calculators on the banks one of the mortgage originator sites but really getting a sense in terms of what you can afford before you start looking once you have a sense in terms of what you can afford start then looking at different locations around where you wanting to live obviously for yourself be it close to work be it close to school with their children be it close to an entertainment area or shopping but make sure that your location is kind of really kind of pinned down to where you wanting to be that becomes really important then starts the process in terms of looking so there's a couple of portals that you can go look at finding a property that have been listed seeing what's available and really start getting out there and just looking at properties before you kind of decide which one actually really appeals and it's quite tricky to kind of know which one that you're going to settle on once you've settled on your property you start the process with an estate agent obviously through an OTP which is an offer to purchase that obviously goes in with the estate agent if you're looking to bond the property the request will finance will then go through to a bank the banks through originator could give you a couple of options in terms of any rates kind of that they wanting to offer you you then have an opportunity then to take up a bond with the bank then the process really starts in terms of the conveyancing registering the property there are mountains of forms that need to be filled in it obviously gets registered through the deeds the conveyances on the selling side and obviously on the the buying side with the bond also being registered so just being mindful of that process and once all of that has happened you then obviously get into your house through that process as well the big thing to remember is also the rates clearances so the estate agent will help you with that as well and make sure that you get all of the rates water electricity all of that sound up as well sure you know as you said this this process is daunting and there's a lot of paperwork there's a lot of admin that goes into it and a lot of times there's that huge debate or that discussion around whether it's better to buy or to rent and some people just opt for renting because they're like it's so much easier just sign the lease are going and I don't have all these maintenance issues to deal with let's talk us or rather talk us through some of the benefits one gets by owning and purchasing a home okay so I think if you choose to own up own a property you are obviously buying an investment this is essentially your property this could be a long-term investment you could opt to then keep it for many years you could live in it for a number of years and then obviously opt out move out and rented yourself as an investment I think the the element of owning a property is almost just some level of ownership you've got an investment uh renting is very different um but I think also once again very much based on affordability um I personally prefer to own a property than to rent a property um I think there's something to be said in terms of owning your own your own house yeah no definitely um the housing market was really affected by covid and when you're talking about some of those benefits so many people also lost their homes because of affordability and for them not being able to afford their homes during covid-19 let's talk a little bit more about how this has affected the market it has affected people's pockets people's ability to to be home owners and how the market is changing and now augmenting because of covid-19 so covid was a really interesting kind of pandemic that really strikes on Africa and the specifically the property market what we found was for almost two to three months when it initially covid hit there the property market literally ground to a halt um obviously all of the deed offices were all closed so no properties could really transact and register so the important thing here for us is obviously it affected many people on different levels people that almost lost their jobs um that obviously then couldn't afford to live on the house and then obviously had to sell and then obviously rent but I think on the on the other side of that it also changed the way that people were working so the pandemic meant that people could work anywhere and from anywhere and I think that in itself also changed the pattern of where people wanted to live so what we found was quite a few people deciding that they didn't actually need to live in a big city anymore they could do a bit of a semi-gration down to a coastal little town that would be absolutely fine and they could do all of their meetings and interactions from a town which meant that the property market was actually quite buoyant after covid so for the first year and a half two years we've seen the property market at levels that it's never been before since like 2008 so um the property market really bounced back um and I think for people that were obviously looking at buying it was a really good time a couple of interesting kind of snippets was that the interest rate was at an all-time low the lowest that it's ever been for the last 50 years it was a complete kind of you know to buy a property was the opportunity and in the opposite effect we saw the rental market market taking a bit of a dive and people could now afford their own property so you know the the market then kind of swung up in terms of buying of property so it's really interesting in terms of the effect it was an effect from covid that we weren't anticipating to be quite honest and it was really driven I think by the change in the work environment there was a sudden realization that one didn't need to be in the office no please let's let's also come back a little bit to say for a first-time buyer how would would being what would covid have changed the market for them you spoke a little bit about the interest rate but was that the only thing you know it we've been seeing all of these other things change in the market and the way people do business change so is interest rates the only advantage that they had during covid 19 all were the other things that you guys noted who who are in the industry I think the interest being low was the main kind of driver and also the fact that you could work anywhere so I think all of a sudden you know the fact that you could work anywhere meant that you could live anywhere and now you could actually go and purchase a property of your affordability anywhere and still work from there so I think that was also the driving factor that you weren't for instance working in Santon but couldn't afford to live in Santon you know now you could actually go and buy a property anywhere even though your office was based in Santon so I think that was also part of the driving driving factor of it true and any any other disadvantages that you guys have seen in terms of one purchasing a home in terms of one getting into the process starting the process and ending up needing to retract from the process because maybe there's something that went wrong or there's a change in one's life do you are there any specific incidents maybe that you have seen that you may use as advice to someone who is a first-time buyer I think always just be mindful of the process and just keep communicating with your estate agent if you're working through any state agent it becomes really important to know where the transaction is so there is a cooling off period obviously through the offer to purchase stage so at any point in that cooling off period the seller could obviously also opt to cool off of the transaction so just be mindful of that and anywhere through the process if suddenly something becomes apparent like a latent defect or any kind of those processes there is some level of kind of awareness of that as well that could happen but you know that's kind of the process and use a profession a property professional like an estate agent to help you and guide you through that process because there's a lot of unknowns for anybody purchasing a property thank you so much for that and thank you so much for joining us and giving us such great insights for for first-time buyers who are really looking at getting there bagging that property and really living in it and enjoying it then the information gave us was extremely helpful and I'm sure everybody who's watching us tonight will make that decision with confidence now thank you so much for joining us and have a good night thank you what a very insightful conversation we had there with Haley we were helping first-time buyers and people who are prospectively going into the market to prepare for for getting those homes I'm just going to hop onto social media to quickly take some comments and maybe share some love before I tell you who the winner of today's competition is or to the winner of today's prize is just sending out love to Anelda Anelda Everton is here thank you so much Anelda happy Friday to you too hope you've been having a brilliant week joining us every night here on the private property podcast it was a very interesting topic and thank you so much to Rita as well Rita thank you so much we see Rita Magoan-Shongue thank you so much for joining us and Satie even Sato also is joining us and Polina Angosi as usual is here thank you so much Polina for always engaging with us we really see those we really see the love coming through and yes we are hashtag road to 500 episodes I nearly said 500 grand because that is the amount you can win if you keep engaging with us on the comment section thank you so much to Princess Angosi as well who is here tonight sending those green hearts marking the register it's very important when we get here as as the regulars to share also the conversation with anybody we believe is going to benefit from hearing the conversation tonight so I have it under good authority that the winner for tonight is in I'm sure everybody is now sitting at the age of their seats to know who the winner of tonight's 500 grand cash prize goes to and the winner ladies and gentlemen is drum roll please goes to Polina Angosi one of our absolute favorites here at the private property podcast thank you so much Polina for always staying around and engaging commenting and even sharing you know with your friends and your family we really really appreciate it if you want to be like Polina I catch us every weekday right here at the private property podcast where we share everything and anything about about property also do remember to like share and subscribe to all our social media platforms so that you don't miss a beat when we are having those conversations around on the past topics about everything in anything property thank you so much for joining us tonight hope you have a beautiful night a beautiful weekend see till we see you next week have a good one


The Nocella Castaways know that I'm a big fan of Backblaze for my off-site backups. They were fantastic in helping me get started. This is video. I have a little B2 cloud storage piece of foam here so we can pretend this is a live demo of data. But anyway, I am here with Terry Lobianco to talk not just about that, but also about their B2 cloud storage. But start with explaining where Backblaze got started and what you've advanced into. Great. Thank you, Allison. So the company started with personal backup about 11 years ago. And within about four years or so we realized that we were managing so much data that we were a tenth the size of Facebook and bigger than Box. So our business product developed more and then we developed B2, which is strictly object cloud storage and very much focused on the media and entertainment space. What do you mean by object cloud storage? It's a public cloud storage. So that gives you the ability to free up your on-premise storage, move your assets into the cloud to where you don't have to manage it. You don't have to worry about it deteriorating in any form. It's readily accessible. So with Backblaze, it's $5 a terabyte per month for storage. Wow! And a penny a gig for download. And that's it. So we don't put any requirements of how much data you should store, how long you should keep the data, what region you should keep the data in, if there's any reasonable limits about what you download. It's a very simple and affordable pricing. That was the basis of the company in the first place, was to keep things affordable. And we can do that by designing our own hardware and software infrastructure. And we run the company Lean and Mean. And we just try to keep passing it on to the customer. You don't seem to be that mean. I mean, there was another guy over there I didn't like. I'm not that lean either, let me tell you. So help me out here though. So if I'm a video production studio and I keep my stuff in B2, are you saying we would do editing real time in data that's in the cloud? Well, that's a great question. At first, we were just storage. But within the last two weeks, we have partnered with a couple of compute partners that gives you the ability to rent by the hour, either bare metal, which is a full CPU resource, or VMware, be able to do your transcoding editing project at an extremely affordable price through these partners, then move the project over into B2. So it's sort of like standing up a server, configuring it, putting all the data on it, doing your number crunching and then shutting it down really quick. Because you rent their product services by the hour. Oh, that's a really interesting idea. So then you can do transcoding and editing that way. Wow, that's crazy. So can you talk at all about the price point on that? I don't know what I can tell you the truth. It just got started, right? They're brand new partners. One is with Packet and the other one is Server Central. Both extremely global companies, multiple locations. But with our partnership with them, we are using their facilities in San Jose, California area. So to do that type of scenario, there are no fees between the two companies, yeah, passed on to the customer. So it's basically rent their servers, pay for our storage and that's it. It's a direct connect and there's no fee attached to it. This is kind of the dream that people have been promising for quite a long time. I remember companies talking about it 20 years ago. Yeah, we're very excited about it. And there was a lot of demand and asking for it. Oh, yeah. Well, because people are working in different parts of the globe and you can't expect all the data to be in one spot and somebody be able to get to it from someplace else. That's the way to go. Well, circle us back to for the home consumer. Talk about your back plays home backups. You're on the B2 side. I'm on the B2 side. Okay, I'll tell you. What can I answer? I'll tell you. You probably know more than I do. Yeah, ask me questions. So you download this. The big thing to me with back plays, well, the number one thing you want with an offsite backup is you want your data to be offsite. You want to be able to get to it in an emergency if you have a fire or a flood.  Maybe you want one backup that's near there, but you also want your stuff offsite. And obviously you get that with a lot of different companies, but the speed of back plays, I mean the word blazing comes to mind. I uploaded, it was like 600 gigabytes and I think it was either nine or 16 hours. I had used another company's services before that and it took three and a half weeks. So the speed of getting this up there, the speed of getting it back, our friend Pat Dangler, I've talked about it a lot on the phone, on the show. She's an Apple-certified consultant and as a test, she had a hard drive fail. She had used the service that Backplace has where you can be shipped a hard drive, take the data off and ship it back, or vice versa, I forget exactly which, works perfectly flawlessly so she didn't have to wait for all the data to come back down. Yeah, that's our snapshot program if you want up to three and a half terabytes downloaded from your account for $89. We put it on a U.S. thumb drive, ship it out to you, and if you return it back to the company within I think it's 30 days, your money's refunded, so it's basically free. Yeah, I think you pay a little bit. $89 at first. Oh, but you get it all back? I thought you paid like 20 bucks or something? Three and a half terabytes. Oh, wow. Yeah. Wow. That's our snapshot program. So it might not be a thumb drive, it might be a small drive. Yeah. But I want to know where you got an $89 three terabyte, three and a half terabyte thumb drive and that's what we're really talking about today. We buy a lot of drives. I bet you do. Well, thank you so much. Hi. If people want to learn more about Backblaze V2, where would they go? It's backblaze.com. So we have all our products listed up there. There's a contact sales. We're very much of a transparent company, so there's a lot of documentation up there, tech support's available. You can always set up a test free account. The first 10 gigs are free, and then you can feel free to set it up and see if it's a good fit. We've got some video that we haven't put off site yet, so maybe we'll check into that. We should talk more. Yeah. Thank you very much. Alrighty. Thank you, Allison.


This is stock number 10794. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. New and used sports car headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2012 Ford Mustang GT Premium. This vehicle has the 5-liter V8 motor which pumps out 412 horsepower. This car has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop as a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this car is 100% ready to go. Black clear coat is the color we shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second So if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn them on right now because it is definitely your best Way to check out the quality and condition of the vehicle before seeing it in person And if you'd like to check out all the photos on this car in the upper right hand part of your screen Is a link right to our website click that and check us out there comes with the 19-inch painted alloy rims. This one has the Brembo brake package And it has Pirelli P0 255 40 ZR19 tires in the front. They got right around half the tread left in the front here Front fender is in excellent shape Didn't see any denser dings on that. This one also has the HID lighting group Front bumper is in excellent shape Didn't see any major dense dings or cracks on that. It's never been screwed into for a front plate Headlight lenses are nice and clear and that hood is in really nice shape. I didn't see any dents or dings on it Passenger side front fender is in really nice shape as well No dense or dings on that and the passenger side rim does not have any scuffs or scrimps on it as You go down this side of the car take note of how clean the body is How reflective and mirror like that paint is We take these HD videos So if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down But you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle You can see the vehicle hear the vehicle and have confidence in what you were looking at before you even get here So that when you do get here. There's absolutely no surprises That's why we offer the Summit Auto Fastpass option in the upper right hand part of your screen a link right to our website Where you can apply for financing get pre-approved see a payment quote even appraise a trade off from the comfort of your own home Basically do your entire deal when you get here All you got to do is drive the car love it and you'll be all set to go back rim There's an excellent shape as well four-wheel disc brakes here And the back tires have just as much tread as those front tires As we come around to the back of the vehicle rear bumper is in really nice shape. It does have pipes Exhaust those tips look really good. This car sounds fantastic Decklid is in nice shape as well And it does have the sequential taillights turn signals Down the driver's side just as clean as that passenger side Does have the capitalist fuel fill, which is a really nice feature and for full disclosure this back rim is in excellent shape as well Down the rest of this side of the car very very clean Comes with the power mirrors with built-in blind spot mirrors We're gonna take a quick look in the trunk And then we'll check out the interior has an all-weather husky liner back here And underneath here is the tire inflator kit There is a front license plate if you want to put that on there Personally, I would leave it off since the front bumper is untouched and see just how nice this car is lower doors excellent shape inside the GT premium package gives you the black leather interior Has the white stitching no rips no tears no scoffs Power driver seat weather tech floor mats throughout in the front The back seats are just as clean as the front seats No rips or tears. It does have latch child safety system if you want to try and get a car seat back there Carpentine is nice and clean And as we hop inside The vehicle here I'm going to turn the air down and yes, we will be putting Some fuel in this car right after this video So this car has 18,783 miles instrument cluster is very nice and clean white-faced 160 miles per hour Leather wrap steering wheel excellent condition Bluetooth and audio controls on the right cruise controls on the left Steering wheel is in great condition Has the AM FM and series satellite radio capabilities. You do get a CD player It does have the sync system so you can pair your Bluetooth phone to it and Then it has the six-speed manual transmission your buttons for stability control hazards and your trunk button weather tech format on that side And the passenger side seat is an excellent condition as well no rips or tears This car has never been smoked in smells very clean inside Headliner is an excellent condition And it does come with the home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems And you do get map lights up there We will take a quick look under the hood I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this hd video We will have been able to tell just how clean this car is all the way around Inside and out It does have hood shocks and you can see they're doing a fantastic job keeping that hood up Engine base very clean runs very smooth 5 liter v8 412 horsepower This car has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop Has a fresh oil and filter change all the fluids including the washer fluid Has been topped off per our state of wisconsin inspection process And this car is 100 percent ready to go I would highly recommend this one from a quality and condition standpoint And to see more pictures of this car or one of our other 450 new and used cars trucks suvs mini vans wranglers Half tons three quarter tons one tons Mustangs corvettes camaros Challengers chargers you name it. We got it go to our website www.summitauto.com Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summit auto.com And if you'd like to check out more hd videos, you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto Remember to like subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our youtube channel on your left A link to more ford mustang videos like this one on your right If you have not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website Click those check us out and we really look forward to helping with this super clean 2012 ford mustang gt premium With the hid lighting and brembo brake package group. Thanks again


And there are a couple of housekeeping elements that I would like to share with you so that it becomes a enjoyable session for all of you. First of all, the webinar will be recorded. So I hope that you're all okay with this. The speakers have secured copyright permission so everything will be public domain that they are presenting. Please note that anything that we are expressing as opinions and conclusions, recommendations are the responsibilities of the speakers. This is not necessarily IWA so it's very important so that we can have some interaction. The two boxes below for the chat box, this is just for general requests and interactive activities like saying hello, I am from Germany, I like to say hello. Very important if you have questions regarding the presentation, please use the Q&A box. And we have Q&As after each presentation so usually the questions will be linked to this presentation to the speaker. If there are some questions to other speakers, please make sure that this is mentioned in the question. So again, Q&A box, this is what we will use in the Q&A session after each presentation. Then we are hosting this on behalf of the IWA, the Disinfection Specialist Group where I'm a proud member since several years together with my colleague Emmanuel Wissei from CNS, the CNRS from the North Sea. I'm from Violia, leading the sales for the Ozonea globally. We are a group of dedicated professionals really driving forward the disinfection so you're welcome to join and we even have some seats available in our committee for eager professionals that want to expand their network. So then before we start with the presentation I would like to run one quick poll to see actually where you are from. So what is your professional background? Please obviously select just one. Are you a student? Are you a scientist in university, a consultant, plant operator, technology provider, regulator, government industry or not listed? We would like to see what kind of people have joined today's session and are curious about your reply. We leave this open for one, two minutes so that you can reply to this properly. Again, I hope that the question is easy and quickly to respond to that we have a good view of who is joining today. And since we have more than a hundred participants I hope that's at least 50 or 60 reply fairly quickly. So how does it look like? We have a very broad range of participants. So nobody is really dominating there's a bit more academia presence but also consultants, technology providers with 11% industry 10. So I think this is a great diverse group that we have here. And I think that the presentations are really giving everybody something from this group. So thanks for the poll because now I will actually introduce our first speaker. This is the agenda, first of all, pardon me. So while we are almost done with point number one we then have Galena with a presentation on UBC LED. Oren will follow with a electrical post oxidation process. Then Emmanuel will take over as moderator to introduce Angarathia on electrochemical process, disinfection and Jiang Feng with a electrical field treatment before we then come to the conclusion by Emmanuel. So that's the exciting time to come. Now the first speaker. I'm very happy to introduce Galena Shabrina from AkiSense. She has a master of environmental engineering from the TU in Munich is now also living in Germany and works as an application engineer for AkiSense. Her presentation is called is a transition to UBC LED disinfection technology in municipal applications viable. So Galena, the floor is yours. Happy to listen to you. Just checking, can you hear me well? I can, yeah, perfect. Okay, good. Okay. So first of all, thanks a lot for inviting me and AkiSense for the conference. It's a great pleasure to introduce our technology and our innovations and how do I switch slides? Do I do this or? So yeah, first I will tell a bit about the company, AkiSense, it's a US-based company. We can switch to another slide. Yeah, so US-based company, we have two facilities in the US, but on the same time we have several offices all over the world, in Europe, in India, in Japan. So we are going internationally already. Though the company is quite young, but the development and the research started quite a while ago in 2003, which means it allowed us to do the technology from the beginning on and gives of course a huge advantage to see the development of the technology, its advantages and disadvantages. So to know everything from the beginning on so we can go to the next slide. It's about the technology, UV disinfection in general. It's quite known, quite old. We didn't invent it. So that's why I will not really tell a lot about this. On the next slide, we can show how it works. Yes, so it's a physical method and it's worked on the principle of UV light being able to penetrate microorganisms and to destroy their DNA. So it means that after this they cannot reproduce, which causes inactivation and disinfection. The method is very reliable, very old, very well known, very well established. But originally only classic UV lamps were used. So it's a mercury based lamps in quartz leaves. I think maybe next slide. Yeah, so these types of lamps like classic ones, of course they can provide a reliable disinfection, but they have several disadvantages for like it, and they are not applicable in many applications because of this. So for instance, they require quite long time for warm up. Something like up to 15 minutes it can be. It would be okay for long, for continuous application, but if we are talking about intermittent flow, when you need to turn on and off a water flow, then it's not possible because it takes too long, 15 minutes it's too long, and it requires a lot of energy as well. Another one, it's durability because each lamp has a quartz leaf, they are quite fragile. So it means like for many applications, for example, in transportation, if you need to disinfect something in train or plane, it would be a problem. And plus they contain mercury, which is a highly poisonous substance and it's not always applicable. So on the next slide, we can see there, yeah, the summary of LEDs, why we actually switched to UV LED devices and to LED source, because it has several very important but digits. So for instance, it has almost zero on off time to start. So it starts immediately. As soon as their device is on, disinfection starts. And this is just perfect for intermittent, or for low floors, yeah, and for intermittent applications. Another one, it's durability. They are very robust. They can be used in transportation, for instance. And for example, we even have a project with NASA. So they're used for disinfection in spacecraft, which shows a lot. So we can go to the next slide. So initially, as I told their technology is quite young. That's why it's like still developing. And it's very, very exciting to observe this because with every year we can see that the power of LEDs, they double. Maybe next slide. So yeah, this graph shows that unique power of LEDs, they grow like with every year incredibly. So we can see exponential growth in the last years. And on the same time, the pricing drops also drastically. Like these factors, they allow to bring LEDs from just an interesting technology that was started developing some time ago to a very practical product that can be already used in so many applications. We can go to the next one. So about the increased power of LEDs, it's not just about their increased single LED, right? Single LED, right? It's about the whole system. So even systems, they became much more powerful. So if we compare systems that is available now to the system that was available from the beginning, like let's say in 2005, it's almost a million times more powerful, which means it would allow high disinfection and disinfection of high flow rates. So all these factors, their rapid development, they drastically decreased costs and plus high interest from the public because of environmental concerns and because of regulatory drivers, they all bring us to increase deployment of LEDs. So they actually start, it also, it opened up a lot of possible applications. So for instance, now LEDs, they're already starting to dominate like low flow applications in many industries. For example, in food industry, I think it will be next slide. Yeah, so many leading world companies, they already choose LEDs because of these advantages for low flow and intermittent usage. This is, I will tell a bit about our platform, like what we have, like range of our products. So these abilities of LEDs, like compact size, they're very robust, they're very powerful. It allows us to create a very wide portfolio of products. We have, like for instance, we have our smallest UV system in the world, like for water disinfection, that can treat up to eight liters per minute to one of the biggest in the world based on UVC LED. It's our first municipal water treatment system. This was installed last year. It's Tera, next slide please. I will tell a bit more about this. Yeah, so this one is really huge for us. It's a huge step because it's the first municipal size water treatment. Before we were talking just about point of use systems, right? Something like few liters per minute max. But this one, it's 300 cubic meters per hour. So it's big, it's different level, it's different scale. It means that it also shows that LEDs, they are finally ready for municipal installations. Also it's important to mention that this device is made on the base of UVC LED arrays. So what it means, it means that many, many LEDs, they're used very dense to each other that allows to have a very high UV power density on a small area. It allows, and it allows a high disinfection of high water flows. And this is possible because of their last generation LEDs that are super powerful and plus to a very good thermal management. This is something that we also learned with just with experience and time how to do it. Just few years ago, something like this wouldn't be possible yet. And actually, this type of installation, it caused a huge interest, it evoked a huge interest from the public. So now we have already so many requests for similar installations for the next half a year. I think it will be on the next slide. So these are like our upcoming already confirmed installation for the next six months. The success is even bigger than we expected. It means that people and industries, they are interested in this. I think this is pretty much it. If you could go to the next slide. Yes, so that's it from my side. If you have any questions, please feel free to ask. Okay, no, thanks a lot, Galina, for this interesting journey of, for the UBC LED. And it's really quite amazing. That's where it started off with a few GPMs that we are now looking at, let's say, properly treating two MGD or 300 cubic meter per hour in a UV LED reactor. So that also leads to my first question that I would like to ask, the typical design points for the municipal drinking water plants. You already mentioned the flow 300 cubic meter. Can you say something about UV transmittance and UV dose design points that you would typically select? So what we are working now on, it's just drinking water applications. So of course we are planning on wastewater treatment applications as well, but it's the next step because it's always more challenging in terms of UVT, as you know, and the water quality is very much different. With drinking water, it's always more predictable. That's why we started from this. Yes, so this is like now we are sure, let's say about UVT above 80. This is something we could do and there is, we just didn't try it. So I would say like for general water treatment applications in municipal scale, we are ready. Okay, good. And that I think leads right to the question in the Q&A, is specific energy invested in kilowatt hours per cubic meter for the treatment of water. That's also maybe in comparison to conventional low pressure, conventional medium pressure for the same, for the same disinfection performance. What can you say about the energy? Yeah, if you are talking like, as I mentioned before, a huge advantage of LED power light source, it's that it's able to have instant on and off and this is where we save energy. So if there is application that requires intermittent flow, then we would save energy on this. But on the same time, for municipal, it's quite tricky. It's quite often continuous flow. And that's why still like classic mercury lamps, they will be more efficient here just because they have high efficiency, they have just high efficiency. So they need less energy for the same output. So it depends on application a lot. If it continues, then it's still classic lamps will be more efficient. If it's intermittent, then we can start looking at them. There is another question regarding cleaning. How do you clean the UV LED reactors? Is it similar as a classic design with wiping and chemical cleaning? Like at these installations that we have now, there is no wiping because it's a very high, there is very high UVT, so no need for this. But a part of this, it's quite the same. So no wiping, but you can clean it with chemical, with an acid, with like low concentration acid. Good, then more on also maintenance. How long does the instrument last? I would say that's probably the reactor itself, but also are there any consumables regarding the UV lamps, i.e. LEDs? There's also the question regarding costs. I'm not sure what you would say, what you would give there is an estimate cost per liter of water produced. I will just add something about the cleaning. Actually, their problem with cleaning is less than with classic lamps, because LEDs, they don't heat up. So normally the problem of classic lamps, or especially like medium pressure lamps, they heat up a lot and this attracts like additional foiling. With LEDs, this process is separated, right? So LEDs don't heat up on their own and they don't heat up the water, but they hit, like their other part is heated up drastically. That's why we need thermal management. But the foiling is much lower. And for the spare parts of the LED? Hello, yeah, what's the duration? Let's say, or first of all, maybe of the entire system. You have a lifetime for the entire system and then lifetime for the LEDs. For the entire system, I think it would be difficult to say because except for LEDs. I mean, I guess like a normal system, because LEDs, it's the parts that will be replaced on the first place. And their lifetime would depend a lot on how you run it. So it can be like up to 10, like the same, like with classic lamps, it can be up to 10,000 hours if you decrease the current. So if you don't run it on the full scale, but if you need it to be very powerful, you increase the current and this will decrease their lifetime. So it's very adjustable. Okay, there is that question again regarding power, conventional low pressure, medium pressure or LEDs. And I said, you already mentioned that if it's continuous, low pressure is more effective. I'm not sure, are we on the LED standpoint similar to medium pressure right now? Or is that, where do you see the order of magnitude the differences when it would be continuous? No, no, LEDs, they are lower still. When it's continuous floor, they, yeah, they would need like more power to produce the same amount of UV power for continuous. What can you do? And then you'll be in the industrial applications also that could be municipal applications with coupled to a filter, right? So where you have the... Absolutely, yes. Okay, good. Then I think that's the last one that we would have here is how, but let's say this is more general. How do you address the issue of maintaining residual disinfection in the transmission network? So that's probably more a leading question for general disinfection, right? Exactly, it's a huge question. It can be a topic of a next conference, I would say. Yeah, yeah, no. So maybe I can even rub in the UV, will this affect on the spot? And then there will be, it needs to be coupled with other disinfection technologies for residual. It's not that... Like this? Or nowadays it's like more and more popular to install UV disinfection just at the point of use. So like before you use the water, this is also an option. So people, for example at home, people can install it just in their bathroom or something like this or just at the entrance of their home. This would be also an option. There are a few more Q&As. Maybe Galina, you could even check if you want to answer something in writing because I would like to go over to the next speaker now for the sake of time. So you can, if you check on the Q&A box, you could answer directly, right? Okay, perfect. Because then I like... Thank you, Galina again. And let's see if there are more questions coming up a little later on. Because now we're jumping from Germany to Israel. Oren, many thanks for being here today. Oren Gaffrey is the chairman of Badi's. He holds a BSC and MSC of Materials and Process Engineering from the Ben Gorion University and also business management from the Hebrew University in Israel. He is the holder of several patterns and author of various articles including the fields of pulse technology and water and wastewater technologies. And that's what we're here today to hear your presentation on EPOP. So the floor is yours, Oren. And... Thank you, Dr. Dinklos. It's a pleasure being here and I'll be happy to describe what we are doing at WADIS. In general, WADIS is developing technologies for water and wastewater treatment using electrical pulse in the water, high-voltage electrical pulses. We are using it generally for several applications. The first application which is already in the market is for disinfection and treatment of sludge in wastewater treatment plants. And there we have a very high voltage in very short duration of pulses which are creating both disinfection and the increasing the solubility of the sludge before it's going into the anaerobic digestion. And also, after that, to disinfect it for other application like last week. Oren, for your particular subject, you would need to let Isabella know if you need to have to go to the next slide because we are still at the entrance point. The other process that we are developing is electrical pulse oxidation process which we call it EPOP. And we use it as an alternative, the aim is to use it as an alternative for advanced oxidation processes for both decomposition of micro pollutant and disinfection of the wastewater. The next slide, I will describe the EPOP technology. The EPOP is also high-voltage electrical pulses at very high frequency which are done directly on the effluent in a multi-electrodes reactor with carrier gas that could be either air, oxygen, or sometime others. The phenomena that we are, and of course it's created plasma on those multi-electrodes within the liquid. By the plasma, we are doing two stages. The first stage is that the plasma itself, through the high temperature which is produced there and UV is doing the work of both disinfection and decomposition of micro pollutant. And then through the plasma, the second stage is that we are creating free radicals which are continued to do the work on the flow of the wastewater. On the next slide, you can see it schematically where we can see the stage one where we have the molecules. The plasma itself is doing the decomposition and then create free radicals which continue to work as the flow continues. In this case, we found out, of course, that we have both hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, ozone, and some others that continue to do the work on the liquid. I have to mention we have four patents already, three are already granted and one which is at the national phase in PCT. And we have started to do, we are doing work also on this technology, as we can see on the next slide, please. This is a demo system that we put at the Shafdan wastewater treatment plant. This is the Tel Aviv wastewater and we put a small demo together with Mekorot, which is Israel National Water Supply Company and under the Horizon 2020 program. And what we can see here is inside the container, we have on the number one is the Oxygen Generator, we have number two is the Pulse Generator that we are building it totally from the beginning, which is working on pulses between 500 to 2000 pulses in a second. We have the reactor, in this case, the reactor is small on the demo. It's meant to work only with like two to five cubic meters an hour. Then we have continued the, you are using also a nano bubble generator as an option. And there's an option also to use contact tank if we want to have better results to use the ozone, which is created also by this process. So on the current discussion on the current work on the first work, we didn't use the contact tank at all. And we use it just directly, the work on the wastewater. On the next slide, we see the arrangement of the tests which were done there. We have the secondary effluent coming in. It was pre-filter at 450 microns. Then went through polyaluminum chloride and then 2.2 milligram per liter. And then it's went through hydrogen peroxide, sorry, flocculation and then the hydrogen peroxide. And then it's went in parallel. One lane was directly to ozonation. And the second lane went to the epoch process so that we can learn the differences and the results between the two. On the next slide, we can see some of the results. We made it with different type of parameters, each test. And then with the best parameters, we see that we have, as you can see on the arrow, blue arrow, we have more than 97% of all tested micro-pollutant. The micro-pollutants were tested in, were taken by McElrott and tested in Germany, in Karlsruhe, the EZW. And then repeatedly, we made those tests and so that we are really destroying more than 97% on all of the work we did with the best parameters. So of course, the ozonation was doing also very good work on most of the molecules. But for example, on the iodine, which are used for x-ray, there was limited results with ozonation and very good results on the plasma, on the epoch technology. We can see also, we tested also the both, all the microorganisms. These tests were done, were taken at McElrott Central Laboratories. And we saw that we are really removing most of the coliforms and also the tests which are not here for viruses. And it was something which happened on the ozonation. We saw some regrows later on, which was a phenomena that needs to be understood on the after the process. Then on the next slide, we can see also results on the DBPs like bromides and NDMAs, which were lower by the epoch process compared to the ozonation. And on the next slide, we tried to compare the energy we used with compared to other AOPs. In our case, the energy level was higher than ozonation. But these are, as I mentioned, the first type of generators that we were using and now we are building other generators, which will also be more economic and better in the results. Next slide, I would summarize our conclusions. That the E-POP and ozonation research show similar reduction on easy degradable TROCs. The E-POP was better on a difficult type of compounds. The DBP also on the NDMA and bromide were lower. Disinfection is a process which we see already on very good disinfection coming on all types of tests. But the energy consumption, as I mentioned, is greater. And also we have to discuss later on to reduce the cost of our current systems compared to ozonation. So the next slide, I want to say thanks to the Horizon 2020 Aquinas project and to Makorot Israel National Laboratory for that. Dr. Chaim Chicoel, which is also, I think on this webinar helped us also on the process and we published together a paper which described all the results at the IOA conference in Nice just before the corona. So thank you very much. Thank you very much for the very phenomenal journey of this AOP process. Again, AOP means then not just disinfection but more. So that is a good piece of the puzzle to solve more challenging water situations than just disinfection. We have Q and A's coming, Q is coming in. The A's are now our chance. The first one, can EOP be effectively used for healthcare wastewater treatment to reduce anti-microbiological resistance? Yes, of course we have to try every single molecule. But yes, I believe it's a very powerful tool that can work on any kind of APIs. And also we're thinking about PFAS, and others, but this is to come. Okay, good. Then let's say if we are comparing this more with an ozone system, maybe to highlight again the difference in power consumption, what's the order of magnitude difference there right now? Yes, I think we were about double. I mean, we were in the range of 0.2, 0.25, a kilowatt cubic meter. And the ozonation was in the range of 0.1, I think something like that. Okay, good. So that's something that can be definitely be addressed with optimization. Yes, of course, we know how to optimize it now. I mean, we were using pulses of about 120 nanoseconds. And we want to use now to reduce it to at least three times. And by that we keep the high energy, but the shorter duration and fast rise time so that the technology will be much, much better. I mean, it will be reduced, I estimate by at least 50% energy consumption. Good, but then you're getting there. Another aspect when you compare it with, for example, ozone, you need a lot of health and safety devices, like ozone room monitoring and residual ozone destruction when you install an ozone system. What about the EPOP system? What kind of devices would be necessary there? Yeah, on the system, on the container, we used to have both ozone destructor and we will try to make it even better by using the ozone with a contact tank and so on and reuse maybe even partially of the water tank. Great, and I think that ends right now the Q&As that I have received. Maybe there will be more coming up and then you can check, Orin. Sure. Okay, thank you very much. Thank you. For the presentation. And then I hand over to my colleague Emmanuel. Hi, thank you. Thank you, Ludwig. Thank you, Ludwig. So good morning, good afternoon and good evening everybody. Thank you again for participating, attending this webinar. But I hope it will interest you as much as possible. And I'm pleased to take the lead now to introduce Anne Garcia La Casa. She's an associate professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Castilla, in Spain since 2021. And currently she belongs to the Electrochemical and Environmental Engineering Research Group, as did by Manuel Rodrigo. Her research has been focused on the study of environmental applications of electrochemical engineering, from the removal of high non-organic pollutants by electrocoagulation, to more recency, the removal of water and airborne bacteria from hospital influence. And today she will present the works about the recent advance in the production of oxygen by electrochemical processes for water disinfection. Please, Anne Garcia, the product is yours. Okay. Thank you, Manuel, for your kind presentation. I think that you can hear me well. See, it's okay. Yes, it's good. Well, as Manuel told us, I am going to speak about the production of the oxidants using electrochemical technologies for water disinfection. In the next slide, I am going to start just saying what probably you already know, that is the World Health Organization consider the anti-mectovial resistance as one of the top ten global public health concerns. And the hospital influence presents a high load of antibiotic resistance bacteria. But the lack of regulation in the treatment of these eclipses leads to their mixture with urban wastewater. However, most of the wastewater treatment plants are not especially designed to remove these antibiotic resistance bacteria. What we propose in our research is to develop a pre-treatment of hospital effluent to remove these antibiotic resistant bacteria before they discharge into the municipal sewers. Then it could prevent the spread of these bacteria into the environment in case you use the reclaimed water for irrigation in agriculture or even in urban green spaces. We are focused on the treatment of hospital effluent and mainly in these two ones. In the treatment of liquid hospital effluent as the hospital urine which may contain a high load of water-borne antibiotic resistant bacteria. And from the last year we are working also on the disinfection of the hospital indoor air that contains airborne antibiotic bacteria named bioaerosols. How to remove these bacteria? Well, we propose the production of oxidants using electrochemical processes. The production of oxidants may be controlled by several parameters such as applying different current intensities and selecting different electro materials or even using different electrochemical cell designs. Here I show you two different electrochemical cell, a microfluidic flow through and a commercial one named Microsone. In the next slide I'm going to explain you how to produce oxidants in liquid-based. To do it, we use simulated urine which composition is shown in the table and we introduce this urine into a feed tank and then move through the electrochemical cell via peristaltic pump and then recirculate it again to the feed tank. The electrochemical cell is connected to a power supply where we can fix different current intensities and receive the experimental system. In the future, we can observe the production of oxidants in the case of using a microfluidic flow through electrochemical cells using mixed methyl oxide anodes and applying a current density of 50 ampere per meter. We observe that this electrochemical cell promotes the formation of chloramines and the formation of chloramines takes place due to the chemical reaction between ammonium ions that are already contained in the initial solution of urine and with the chemical reaction of ammonium ion with hypochloride. The hypochloride is electrochemically produced by the oxidation of chloride that it is also present in the synthetic urine. Here it is important to highlight that the oxidant monitor are not the total oxidants produced but only the oxidants that remain in solution without taking any reaction using the other electrochemical cell the microzone cell. This cell promotes the formation of ozone since it is specially designed to produce ozone. As expected when we apply higher current intensities the concentration of ozone increases. At this point when the production takes place in the liquid phase we are working with simulated hospital urines and we have the target bacterium in this case we selected the glacial anemone as the target antibiotic bacteria since this is after the E. coli one of the antibiotic resistant bacteria which causes urinary tract infection in the hospital and also it is resistant to some antibiotics as carbapenem or beta-lactam. As we can observe in these figures the production of oxidants in liquid phase is a promising technology for the removal of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Since we can observe that using the microfluidic flow through cell we obtain a complete disinfection after two hours applying 50 ampere per square meter and in the case of using the microzone cell we can observe that we are able to obtain a complete disinfection applying one ampere and the complete disinfection takes place before one hour under this condition we wanted to check more realistic hospital urine and then in the next slide I show you that we used urine not only contained the glacial anemone but also other antibiotic resistant bacteria such as interococcus peccalis and anicolyte. As we can observe on the figure B the microzone cell attains a complete disinfection also before one hour regarding the antibiotic resistant bacteria that means that this electrochemical cell is faster one to remove the bacteria but if we compare these two electrochemical cells in terms of efficiency and we selected 0.4 ampere per liter we can observe that in the case of the microzone applying this electric charge we are only able to reduce one or two lobes of this bacteria however in the case of using the microfluidic flow through we are able to remove up to six lobes of this bacteria so the microfluidic flow through is a more efficient one but slower in the removal of this bacteria just to say that it is only important to remove the antibiotic resistant bacteria also the genes here I showed you the evolution of a target gene named black KPC gene and we use the real time PCR system to follow the evolution of genes and we can observe that using the microfluidic flow through we can maintain a constant concentration of these genes since we are not able to obtain a complete disinfection but in the case of using the microzone if we compare the initial zero time with the final that means three hours of treatment we observe an increase of the cycle threshold that means that we have an important decrease in the concentration of this target gene additionally we also wanted to check the morphology of this bacteria after after producing this oxidants in the same phase in the same media that is the bacteria and we observe that using the micro fluidic flow through that promotes chlorine disinfectant it induce a small pitch in the cell wall but in the case of working with the microzone that promotes the formation of Othol we are able to induce several damages in the cell walls resulting in the interior telos of the bacterial structures at this point I would like to say that we wanted to test this technology in a real environment but we were not able to do it because of the restrictions in the hospital of our city due to the covid pandemic so we were not able to check this technology yet in the next slide I am going to describe what we are working on in the last year and we are working on the production of oxidants in a gas phase using electrochemical technology and we have started with the production of Othol to produce Othol in the gas phase using electrochemical technology the electrochemical experimental device is shown in this figure we use an electrolyte, an inert electrolyte that is perchloric acid and we move this electrolyte with a peristaltic pump all the time recirculating through the system and it passes through the microzone cell which is connected to a power supply just to control the current intensity applied then the stripping of the ozone from the electrolyte so as that depending on the intensity we obtain different concentrations in this gas stream we cannot say in the figure that the higher the current intensity applied the higher the concentration of the ozone in this gas stream in the next slide we just wanted to study the performance of this ozone gas stream in the disinfection of simulated hospital urine just contain clefsela pneumonia one bacteria to start we introduce this ozone gas stream into the system using a radiator and what we observe in the figure is that the production of ozone when the concentration of ozone in the gas stream is higher, we obtain a higher removal of the antibacterial resistant bacteria but it's not enough to attain the complete disinfection since the ozone in the next slide we can see that the ozone react killing the bacteria but also in the next slide and we cannot say that it can react with the uric acid that is one of the organic compounds naturally containing in urine and finally in the last one in the next slide we are also study the performance of these oxidants in gas phase here you can observe that the production of the ozone gas the experimental setup is the same that I told you that I have described before and here we use a simulation chamber where we put in contact the ozone gas stream that comes from the electrochemical production using also a microzone cell with a simulation of a hospital indoor air and in the figure we can observe that we are obtaining really promising results to continue studying on this because here we use also the airborne Klebsiella and we observe that when we work in a continuous mode we are able to maintain four or five logs of removal of these bacteria in the air so we are working on coupling this technology to the air condition in installation in hospital and just to summarize the next slide the concussion just to say that depending on the electrochemical cell use we are going to promote one or other oxidants and that if we are using oxidants in the gas phase we are obtaining promising results to continue on this line that may increase the technology within this level of this commercial electrolysis so thank you very much for your in the next slide just thank you very much for your kind attention and if you have some questions or comments just thank you very much for your nice presentation and there are a few questions since you are talking with micro food excels the first question is what is the energy consumption that you are requiring the specific energy consumption that is required with such system and what is the size of the required to treat with the wastewater what is the size of the required in the square meter I don't have here the data but in the presentation I have put the papers that are already published where we compare the energy consumption between micro fluidic and the micro cell I don't have the specific data but you can find me there and as I told during the presentation the micro zone is we obtain a faster removal of the bacteria but the micro fluidic flow through cell is much more efficient than the micro zone and Manuel, I think you are good thank you the final question, just to be quick is regarding the mechanism of oxidation to treat the hospital wastewater how is it what is the mechanism because you can treat other compounds eliminate, remove well in the case of producing the oxidants in the same media that we have the target bacteria in this case the carbon intensities applied are really low because we just want to remove the antibiotic resistant bacteria we don't want to degrade the organic compounds that for example in our case we have in the unit because what we want to propose is a pre-treatment, just to remove the antibiotic resistant bacteria not these organic compounds that could be removed in a wastewater treatment plan in a conventional one because these organic compounds do not present any toxicity because we have already done a test with the BBO and it does not present any... so it's not our objective to degrade these organic compounds thank you so we will switch to Jean-Sainte Jean-Sainte is there so let me introduce you briefly so Jean-Sainte Jean-Sainte is an assistant professor at Georgia Tech in China and he was formerly a graduate at Georgia Tech in the USA and he's research and research in environmental nanotechnology and next generation energy sources and we are pleased today to have Jean-Sainte Zhu to present the locally announced electric field treatment for a water wastewater disinfection so please Jean-Sainte, the floor is yours okay thank you, thank you for the introduction hello everyone, I'm Jean-Fung I'm an assistant professor at Georgia Tech in China so we can have a new campus at Georgia Tech in China so next slide please so in general in this talk we have about 15 minutes so I really want to spend most of the time to talk about why we want to use a lift or we call it locally enhanced electric field treatment for water disinfection but not what we did before so in general it's kind of a short presentation and I just want to focus on why we want to do this so first a little bit of the conventional electric electric field treatment obviously EFT so in general if we have two electrodes and place bacteria between so on a primary high electric field about like tens of several kilovolts and the cell membrane of the bacteria will be damaged as the figure on the right hand side shown there will be a water channel that is created on the cell membrane and if the electric field is high enough there will be a kind of irreversible water channels these water channels will make the intracellular substance to release out of the cells so making the bacteria inactivated and this process we call it electroporation so just create force on the cell membrane by electricity and the major advantage of this process is that it's a physical process physical process means that there will be no chemical reactions or chemical disinfectants involved so as we all know that the disinfection by-products the DBPs on the major problems when we do the water disinfection using the chlorine and other oxidants so if it's a physical process then we will have no concerns on the DBP but the biggest issue is that it really uses a very high energy so it's just a primary high voltage and also the instrument to generate such kind of a voltage is also very expensive and also if you generate some electric current the heat is generated which means that you also need a cooling system to maintain all the process very energy intensive so that for water disinfection there will be almost no applications next slide please great and there will be several kicks and so we just introduced our locally enhanced electric field treatment instead of we just apply a very strong electric field we have some tricks to enhance the local electric field to trigger the electric operation so one method is called the Markov skill enhancement this mostly involves the reactor design so for example if we design this tubular coaxial electric configuration we have a center electric very thin center electric and an outer cylindrical electric so the electric field near the center area will be enhanced dramatically and the electric field will be lower and we also have another micro skill enhancement and just a click maybe several times to show the yes you can just show the actual everything great there should be a that's all and another method is that it just we create a nanoware okay or we can one once we say one dimensional nanostructure on the surface of the actual so because of the lightening of the fact so the electric field near the tip area of the nanoware will be enhanced dramatically to maybe five to seven orders of magnitude so that we only apply need to apply several voltages for example in our experiment one ball is good enough to reactivate this bacteria and this also you know we just reduced the voltage dramatically so that the is efficient so here are some some of the things that I have done during my Phd so in general just give you a head up just a very quick overview so firstly we did some system design so system design indicates how the reactor how the electrodes look like and the second thing is the process design so in general leaf is a kind of very new technology that most of our work have been done only in the lab so no like field test no pilot test so we haven't moved that far but also leaf have some limitations the major limitation will be the fragile nanowares because these nanowares are kind of vertical very long so that there will be chemical electrochemical corrosion there will be the water flashing these kind of a mechanical forces so that the last time of these nanowares is the major restriction for us currently so that we just combine the leaf with other technologies for example Ozone for example electrochemical copper these methods they just compensate others disadvantage or limitations and also after we got pretty good disinfection efficiency got good results we want to know why so the why does direct to the mechanism study the mechanism study we not only used some experimental experimental methods but also computational simulations and lastly about the energies so most of our speakers talk about the electricity based processes so the major problem is where the electricity comes so we also developed some kind of point of use or we say decentralized novel energy sources to power the leaf to disinfection next slide please we just a very briefly talk about what we have done before so this work we just combine the two enhancement methods the micro and micro so the idea is pretty easy so and we just developed this tubular coaxial electrical configuration and a primary strong electric field enhancement and next slide please and you may curious about what the nanoware look like so we the nanoware most of us uses the copper oxide nanowares and because a there will be a kind of copper release problem so that we just called the copper oxide nanoware with a thin layer of polydopamine these kind of a very thin polymers can cover the surface very well and the thickness of these coatings can be controlled so that we can enhance its stability but not reduce the applied voltage reduce the electric field and also on the right hand side these are the images that the nanowares look like next slide please and here's the process design we will just firstly combine with ozone so we will not go into the details but in general you know every method has its restriction right but if we combine two methods the limitations will be reduced and also we observe the enhancement effect this means that the disinfection efficiency achievable kind of one plus one higher than two effect next slide please next slide just move to this is the performance a little bit about the performance so you can see at the lower voltage is lower than 0.4 volts so the theoretical line which is the red curve and the blue curve which is the experimental one just as an overlap and after the after a threshold you can see an increase of the experimental results compared with the theoretical one which means that just as I mentioned the lift can promote the activation efficiency of ozone so this is just the details you can refer to the paper for more of these results next one yeah this one is just to show you a little bit about the energy source so this is the we just combine our lift technology with the tribal electric nano generators we call it TNG so this is kind of a good energy source because it can harvest low frequency movement for example the rotating of our hand so if we rotate the handle here the water can be transported from one side to the other and when it goes into the system it can be activated by our device so here's a short video showing how we did the experiments yeah you can see if we rotate the handle the water just transport from one side to the other and the electric voltage can be generated so it's very stable in the background next one please okay and turn to the next page yeah so this is also kind of a self-explanable example so all of us have a smartphone our hand and also the battery of the smartphone gets stronger and stronger so that we just develop such kind of an electric chip and a user interface act so that the battery becomes an electrical chemical workstation so with this workstation so we can just disinfect the water all the time if we have a cell phone on our hand next one please lastly just a little bit summary so we have developed such things and the major take home message is that it's a physical process and which means that actually for the standalone technology we do not have any additional disinfectants and also potentially there will be no dvp formation and it potentially be applied in different scales you can see different colors we can do the primary secondary and the point of use water disinfection and the next slide please this is the last one so I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Xin Xie at Georgia Tech so he taught me a lot I will go nowhere so and also these funding agencies and thank you all for your time and listening so I would like to take questions and comments thank you very much for your nice presentation and this is an interesting device and technology and the first question is about the electrode potential of the applied current you applied what are the values of because you mentioned about the cell voltage right values what is the electrode potential at each electrode do you know yeah firstly we would like to use applied voltage instead of the potential because you know for all our system we use positive electrode and negative electrode but not cathode or anode because we consider our technology as an electro physical process but not an electrochemical process so that we prefer not to use the terminologies in electrochemical systems and that's how depending on the morphology or the aspect ratio of the nanowares so for our best practice we can use only one volt to kill 10 logs of E. coli with only 10 minute retention time okay so is it electro sorption phenomena as well I mean is there electro sorption yeah the electro sorption we call it electrostatic attraction so because most of the cells are negatively charged so that they will move to the positive electrode so that's kind of a major mechanism that we use because you know in the water bacteria are everywhere but actually the strong electric field only exists on the surface of the electrodes so that we want to drag the bacteria from the ambient to near to the electrodes so that we use electrostatic attraction as well as the dielectrophoretic forces depending on different designs okay and what is the current when you apply one volt what is the relative current what is the relative how many ampere how many what is the intensity one volt you have an intensity related to this one volt right what is the intensity but you don't have the intensity okay and what is the power that you can generate with stable electricity with stable the power the tribal electric the TNG so it depending on how large your device is so for example for our application as I just mentioned you know the tribal electricity it generates AC the alternative current so that in this case we want to generate for example we want to generate 1.5 volts for the disinfection because you know sometimes if we just generate one volt it's not sufficient so that we generate 1.5 volts with the rotation speed about 60 or 100 rpm so that's kind of most of the adults can just rotate it like that and you see we need such that big device to generate 1.5 volts yeah okay and is it efficient for any kind of microorganisms because you mentioned in transport phenomena it will not be all charged to microorganisms so did you try many kinds of microorganisms yeah for now because most of them are just lab demonstration so for the disinfection primarily we just use a lot of different microorganisms on the disinfection so in the disinfection part we use bacteria the gram positive gram negative the round shape the round shape the different shapes we have tested several kinds about maybe six or seven and also we tested the viruses the MS2 so all the model viruses so and most of them show a pretty good disinfection efficiency but in terms of the movement the electrical absorption so we haven't done very systematic study on that actually but it's kind of very interesting study that we're going to consider in the future okay and one last question is about the scale up do you know how you intend to scale up it or do you want to keep it small for the centralized system for example or do you want to do intend to integrate it in centralized system you mean so using it in a small scale or a larger scale is that a question oh yeah so actually I really I believe every development so all our inventors may want to use it at a full scale okay if it's possible I want to use it in a drinking water treatment plant in a wastewater treatment plant that's the ultimate goal I really want to do that but actually we still our technology was developed about nine years ago so it's not a very mature method and for now we only can treat it like very household level water usage not very large scale but if possible we really want to make it larger to use a full scale water treatment plant that's our future dream okay good one last question I come back to the current because someone is asking can you apply a current as well instead of voltage or can I use current instead of voltage current instead of voltage yes yeah that's a that's an interesting question but actually because electroporation this is a electric field induced process yeah okay in this way we do not need electric current so actually as you can see we just grow the nanovirus on the electrodes in my development but for our other lab mates if we have suspended nanovirus in the liquid it will also concentrate the electric field there will be no current over there alright so that which means that the voltage or the electric field is more important than the current yeah okay and I was just thinking last thing the lifetime of your electrode of your material you were mentioning that it should be not that long how long is it for now the lifetime of your of your material the lifetime yes of your material yeah I got your point the lifetime for the for the best practice we can use the nanovirus for as long as 15 days 15 15 days actually it's not a very long time but actually at the beginning of our development the electrodes can be only used for 5 minutes 5 minutes then 1 hour then 12 hours then for now 15 days still it seems like not a very big achievement comparing with other methods but still for us it's kind of very a milestone finding for us okay so thank you good luck for that thank you for all the questions thank you for your presentation I think we'll go to the conclusion now on the board so thank you again to the speakers who who accepted to present their works to have a discussion with attendees and now we're going to go to the poll as a second poll we would like to as you are calling to you which disinfection technology or combination of technology multiple answers are possible would be the most interesting to be applied okay so either UV light based systems electropal oxidation systems electrochemical based processes localion and electric field systems chlorination based systems ozone based systems parasitic acid systems something not on the list maybe also so we leave you on 1 minutes 1 to 2 minutes to answer and then we're going to get the results and we go to the conclusion okay then so we got the results so it seems that we have the preferred one like UV light based systems the one kind of system that has been presented at the beginning of this webinar and electrochemical electric based systems it's also interesting people that are attending this webinar so that's interesting global view of it so thank you again for putting things to this poll that's interesting interesting weather so now we're going to go to the conclusion directly so just few take home mistakes so there are several emerging technologies like electrochemical and electrical based systems that have been presented today there could be another one as well so it was not exhaustive of course so there is a need for suitable and sustainable disinfection technology for long-term efficiency without disinfection by-product issues another take home mistakes and there is not only one single technology that could answer all disinfection issues right so there is a need for a solution toolbox to select and combine on a case-by-case basis okay next slide so there are upcoming webinars organized again by the disinfection special group from the highway that will be during the first semester of 2023 right so one would be around the challenges and opportunities in identification with prioritization and control of disinfection by-products in drinking water another one would be about the emerging technologies for wet or wet water treatment that enlarge to other other processes like current-related or ozone-related or organic peroxide systems to enlarge to complete the view as a group of viewers that we have started to present you today with this webinar we really hope it could help you to understand better and see discover maybe also kind of processes that could be applied in the near future okay and so we would like to thank you for your attention for this webinar and you can still join our network of wet or professionals of course with a discount 20 discounts off if you are a new member 31st of December 2022 to do it by using the code written on this slide so again we would like to thank you for your attention and that's a real pleasure to organize it with highway and hope to see you for the next webinar and thank you everyone bye


Hi, I'm Mark Cullier with the OpenStack Foundation and we're very excited to have the 10th release of OpenStack, codenamed Juno. It's now out and we've got a dashboard demo where we can walk you through some of the highlights. OpenStack is a platform for managing all of the resources in your data center, the compute, storage, networking.  And, you know, this is a new territory for OpenStack and it's really catering to a lot of the needs that we hear from users about the common tasks they want to automate. Another example of that would be the database as a service component, which is codenamed Trove. So that's helping you automate a very common task that everyone has, which is managing, deploying, operating databases. And so these are just a few of those capabilities that you see in the OpenStack Juno release. And if you take a step back and actually just look at some of the basics, like creating groups and users and assigning quotas and seeing how that kind of information shows up in the dashboard for the users, they can actually see how close they are to coming over their quota. You know, those are all usability things that you expect in any cloud platform and you can see them here in the OpenStack dashboard. I'm Mark Cullier and I hope you have a good time with OpenStack.


Addressing climate change effectively and transitioning to a low-carbon economy of the future requires the mobilisation of trillions and trillions of dollars, euros, pounds and it requires a shift away from investments in brown emissions intensive infrastructure and energy to green infrastructure and energy and understanding how we can transition to that place and how we can mobilise all this money. That's what this course is all about. As part of the programme we'll make sure to do excursions to the City of London to meet leading actors in the field of green finance. This course is unique because it has a combination of both academics and practitioners delivering the sessions to you. It is based in a global financial centre in London. It draws a lot of external expertise in delivering the content and I think that's critical from a SOAS perspective. It gives you examples from both developed and developing economies so it looks at both the global north and global south. One of the reasons that you should be studying at this summer school is that we've recently launched a centre for sustainable finance at SOAS. Some of the world's leading thinkers are contributing to the approaches that we can take, the research that needs to be undertaken and the solutions that we need to find to the challenges that we face. If you're an undergraduate who's already done some research in this space or a postgraduate who would like to develop further skills and further research in this area or indeed a professional who wants to keep up with the latest thinking in greening of finance then this course is for you. Join us for three exciting weeks this summer in London.


The Minister for Communications, Dennis Nocton, recently proposed to relax radio advertising caps to allow radio stations to broadcast more than 10 minutes of advertising per hour. In light of this announcement we spoke to professionals and experts in the industry as well as radio listeners to ask their opinion on the matter. I would have a lot of faith in the standard of radio and our standard of broadcasting so I think you know the producers are going to be working hard to try and keep the balance between actually funding the shows and letting the presenters keep the flow of the actual show itself. That's going to be the big problem of trying to keep the balance between the two so by increasing the time yeah it's going to impact the show but there's going to be a lot of people working hard to try and keep the standard of the show the same. The people are keyed in and they're listening than one or two extra minutes. I don't know that that would make a big difference and of course I would expect the broadcasters and to compensate for that by offering more engaging content. I know there's a fair number of people who at least for music radio think that there is already an overwhelming amount of radio advertising. It's tough to say I mean obviously they would probably be unhappy with the news but whether or not the actual increase would have any particular effect on people's listening habits I'm not sure. The afternoon show with Carl James on Midlands 103. It is Carl James here from The Afternoon Show on Midlands 103. Effective advertising makes people remember your name. Advertising around special events like GAA matches are key to both radio and the advertiser. There's a guaranteed audience and it's an easier sell for the station. Increasing the time per hour on these occasions would both win new advertisers plus reduce the chance of offending key clients by refusal. Bring in the new flexibility rule and help prevent further breaches. Remember the overall cap of 15% between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. remains so everyone's a winner. So by increasing the space of advertising times that means there's more income going into radio stations which means they can actually do more with the money they get for example spin might be able to fuel the cars more to go out to more places or it could help them buy new equipment let them do more things and in the end 30 seconds longer of advertising might increase like how good the quality is of their shells. At the radio days conference in Dublin this week the minister confirmed that he is considering an offer from the IBA to change the 10-minute rule. Zoe Rhine DC TV News


Coming to you from our TIS Studios, I am Anisia Antoine and this is your midday news brief. A team of experts on gender mainstreaming has ended an inception mission in St. Lucia as the government of St. Lucia moves to ensure gender equality in its plans and strategies for St. Lucia's development. The project was conceptualised in 2011 after a country assessment was conducted by the Caribbean Development Bank. The project aims to address some of the deficiencies that were highlighted in that assessment, among them gender imbalances, poor education achievement for men, inadequate employment and training and high incidence of single parents. The Caribbean Development Bank gave a US$115,000 grant to the government of St. Lucia to start the project in 2014 but was halted and resumed in 2017. The team of experts were in St. Lucia for the inception mission from May 6th to 10th 2019, where they engaged in training exercises for officers of the Department of Gender Relations and public servants in various ministries, departments and agencies on gender analysis and gender inclusion in development planning. The government of St. Lucia handed over the newly constructed blocks at the Schwaeser Secondary School. The newly reconstructed blocks B and C, delivered under the Disaster Vulnerability Reduction Project, DAPRP, forms part of the government's mandate to provide climate-resilient schools throughout the country. The blocks are designed to be earthquake and hurricane resistant and will serve as emergency shelters during natural disasters. The newly constructed blocks house approximately 650 students and comprised, among other modern trappings, a sick bay, resource room, technical drawing lab, IT laboratory, music and theatre rooms, and chemistry and physics laboratories. This project was funded by the World Bank at EC 10,123,734. The presentation of the Third Global Conference on Health and Climate Change report is expected to provide the government with recommendations on how to maximise the health benefits of tackling climate change. The Pan-American Health Organization Director, Dr. Carisa Aitien, said it is important that small island developing states take action to protect lives from the impacts of climate change. Paho and World Health Organization representative for Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean, Dr. Godfrey Shreb, believes the Prime Minister of St. Lucia will be a great voice to advance the action plan for health and climate change in the small island developing states. Paho and other high-level officials also got the opportunity to saw the comfort bay residence for the elderly facility, which has been retrofitted under the Smart Healthcare Facilities Project. This has been your midday news brief. Thank you for watching.