The application and usefulness of photonics is growing every day. We will see greater data rates, more reliability, lower power consumption each year and each decade that goes forward. And this is often due to advances in lasers but also other photonic technologies. The CNO has said that electromagnetic spectrum dominance is very important for the system centers and for the warfighter. So what we want to use laser communications for is to be able to quickly and effectively transmit large data sets from platforms that have the sensors to the warfighters who need to make quicker decisions. I always wanted to support a military need to support the warfighter and work on a project and for an organization that helped the greater good of this nation. I believe it's critical that we maintain a technological edge here in this country but also inside the military, inside the Navy. We need the best and brightest minds here. We have great minds around the world. We need to be competing every day and not letting our guard down.


It's Hopalong Cassidy! With action and suspense, out of the Old West comes the most famous hero of them all, Hopalong Cassidy, starring William Boyd. The Ring of the Silver Spurs heralds the most amazing man ever to ride the prairies of the early West, Hopalong Cassidy. This famous hero thrills his 60 million fans with action and dangerous adventure. In the role of Hopalong Cassidy is the popular star of the motion picture series, William Boyd. And now, another exciting story of the early West. Death runs dry. Right now, in response to an SOS from one of Hoppy's old friends, Jim Dodge, Hoppy and California are entering the office of Dodge's attorney, Sam Conway, in the little cow town of Focareal. Morning. You, Mr. Conway? No, sir. I'm Max Shiley, Mr. Conway's law clerk. Is there anything I can do? My name is Hopalong Cassidy. This is my partner. Oh, of course, Mr. Cassidy. We were expecting you. Right this way, sir. Follow me. Mr. Conway is in his private office. Just get into town? Yeah. It's Mr. Cassidy. He and... Carlson. California Carlson. Come in. Sit down. Thanks. I have a letter from Jim Dodge. He wrote me you'd show us how to get to his ranch, the Lazy D. Yes, of course. I'd take you there myself if my horse wasn't over at the blacksmith's shop right now, but it's easy enough to get there. I certainly hope you can do Jim some good. Well, to tell you the truth, Mr. Conway, I didn't quite understand from his letter just what his trouble is. Except that he seems pretty desperate about meeting payments all alone. Yes, the old man's had some mighty bad breaks lately. Since the drought hit this area, his cattle have been dying like flies. Grout? Why, that rain we just rid through didn't seem like any drought to me. Mr. Carlson, that was the first rain we've had in months. And it's only a drop in the bucket compared to what we need. You don't say. From the looks of that blazing sun outside, I'd be surprised if it rained again for another long stretch. That's why Mr. Dodge borrowed money enough from the Valley Range Association to put in a new irrigation system. So he wrote me. The trouble seems to be that if he doesn't complete the irrigation project in another five weeks, he loses the ranch. Unfortunately, that's true. Unless he pays off the loan, of course. I've been doing my level best to get an extension. But with all these accidents he's been having, I... That's another thing, Mr. Conway. Jim doesn't think they were accidents. Well, you can't blame the old man for being suspicious, Mr. Cassidy. I suspected foul play myself when the scaffolding on the new dam collapsed. Killed three of his men, I understand. Yes, that's right. Two more died just yesterday in a premature explosion of some dynamite. The sheriff investigated both times. And pretty thoroughly, too. But there doesn't seem to be anything to point to the possibility of foul play. Are you pretty familiar with these men working for a dodge? Is there any chance that one or two might be, uh... Well, working undercover for other interests? You mean for the Valley Range Association? No, Mr. Cassidy, hardly. It's an Eastern-controlled outfit. They'd be above all that sort of thing. However, since you bring it up... Yes, go on. I don't like to cast suspicion, but Dodge and his ranch foreman, Charlie Garrett, haven't been on the best of terms lately. Why not? What's Garrett got against him? You. Me? What do you mean? I think Charlie's feelings were hurt when he found that his boss was calling on on outside for help, or so it seems. I see. Well, I hope those accidents were accidents, Mr. Conway. Because if they weren't, somebody is going to hang for murder. Now back to Hop along Cassidy and our story, Death Runs Dry. A drought coupled with a series of mysterious accidents caused Jim Dodge to call on Hoppy for help. After stopping in the sun-baked town of Poca Rio for a talk with Dodge's lawyer Sam Conway, Hoppy in California takes the South Fork that leads to the ranch. Carnation, Hoppy. We should have stuck to the wagon trail, like Conway said. This here's the wildest, loneliest country I ever seen. Maybe wild, but with the looks of that rider heading this way, I wouldn't say it was lonely. Hey, he's riding bareback.  It probably is. Jim Dodge uses them to help her to start. Why is this, senior? Howdy. We're trying to find the Lazy D ranch house. It's five miles, but you find no one there. What? And the men are all looking for a boss, senior Dodge. Have you seen old men with white hair? We're looking for Jim Dodge yourselves. What happened? King Sabi, you ride out this morning and his horse come in without him. Senior Garrett the foreman, he ordered everybody out for search. Mr. Dodge was expecting us. I'm Hop along Cassidy. Me, Jose Blackfeather. Keep Craig behind you and you arrive at ranch house muy pronto. Let's go, Lego. Come on, Topper. Maybe we ought to help. Look for the old man, Hoppy. Well, there's always a chance of him making his way back while everybody's out searching. Let's find the ranch house first. Man, you sure don't see many cattle around this spread? Well, you can't expect to build much of a herd on cactus and sagebrush. Whoa, whoa, whoa. What is it? Over there. The foot of that Joshua tree. Yeah, a man. White haired. Hoppy. Hoppy, is it Dodge? Yeah, he's dead. That's a bullet hole, Hoppy. He's been shot. Yeah, murdered. Some load downside winder, dry-gulched him. Then here's the lazy D for three days and the sheriff don't seem to be getting any nearer to figure in who killed Jim Dodge. Yeah, I know.  What are you trying to find? I'm trying to find who owns this ranch now that he's dead. I can tell you that. Oh, hello, Garrett. Come in. The Valley Range Association owns it. Well, they will in less than five weeks from now. I wouldn't be too sure about that. I just wrote them yesterday about extending that loan. Nice rifle you have there. 270A. Been hunting? Yeah.  Now, take it easy, mister. Hoppy only. Simmer down, California. It's all right. Any luck, Garrett? Any closer to that pole cat than you were yesterday? Lot closer, Cassidy. I found a prince made in the mud. Prince? Yeah. Made by his horse when he rode out of the creek after trying to hide his trail. His foot prints, too. And a prince of an unsharred horse. The only folks I know who don't chew their horses are engines. Exactly. Candinair has done the search.  Look, Garrett, I know how you feel. But I've only been doing the job Jim wanted me to do. Getting the business end of the irrigation project in shape. Who in thunder are you doing it for, the Valley Range Association? No, for you. What? It's your ranch, Garrett. Jim Dodge left it to you. What? It's in this wheel I found in his desk. Here, let's see. Good morning, gentlemen. Oh, morning, Mr. Conway. I couldn't help overhearing. And it seems I've arrived just in time to bring a bit of disappointment. What? That wheel you're reading, Garrett. It's been changed. Changed? I'm afraid so. Just recently, Mr. Dodge filed it in my office. That's what I've come to see you about, gentlemen. I've brought it with me.  Miss Kay Darling of Chicago. May I see it? Here you are. Jim Dodge was her godfather. Always remembered the girl though he hadn't seen her in years. You mean a girl is going to be running this outfit? That was his wish. He left it to her. Well, that settles that, I guess. If you push this irrigation system through on time, Cassidy, I hope she appreciates it. Let's see now. Jim Dodge was hit about there and staggered a couple of steps and fell here. Doug Garnett Hoppe. We've been over this place where Jim was killed a dozen times. Just what do you expect to find? Let's see. A slug entered here. Angle down. Came out here in back. Get the ground about here. Couldn't have penetrated very deep in the sand. Well, at least now we know from which direction the shot was fired. From over by the Crick. And I guess that kind of proves that the engine riding that unshod pony fired the shot. Ah, here. Here's a slug, California. Hmm, that don't look like no bullet from a .30-30. It isn't. It's from a .270. A .270? Well, I'll be. Yeah, that's what I'm thinking. An Indian isn't likely to be owning a high-powered rifle like a .270 around these parts. Oh, but Charlie Garrett's got one. Suppose we Mosey on back to the creek and have another look at those hoof and footprints he found in the mud there. Ah, here they are. Yeah. That son really baked them in that mud. Well, it looks to me, California, the killer stood behind the painted rock upstream, a piece and shot Jim from there. He must have rid out of the water about here. He dismounted and kind of looked around to see someone who might have seen or heard the shooting. Right. California, have you had a real close look at these hoof prints? Why, sure. Oh. See what I mean? Yeah, I see what you mean, all right. Yes, we've seen enough of the hoof print. I want to study this footprint. What are you doing? Carving out one of these footprints in the baked mud. I'll see if we can get some plaster of pairs over at the vets in Poca Rio and make a permanent impression of the killer's footprint. It might come in handy. Who knows?  Hey, Hoppy, look who's coming. That lawyer fella, Sam Conway. Hi there, Mr. Conway. What's the good word? I'm afraid I haven't any, Cassidy. I just got word from the Valley Range Association. They turned me down on extending the loan. Well, we'll just have to get that irrigation system done on time. That's all. I hope you do. Say, I just got a message that your new boss, Kay Darling, arrived this morning on the spur line at Poca Rio. What? Yeah, it's quite unexpected. I see. She probably wants us to send the buckboard over to take her out to the ranch. Jumpin' bullfrogs. What the dickens is that coming this way? That cloud of dust sounds like shootin'. Whatever it is, if it comes any closer, it'll stampede the herd. Jackson, Roberts, right close on that herd. Good heavens. It's one of those new haulsless carriages I've been reading about. They're stampeding. It's no use now, Hoppy.  A whole week's work shot the pieces. I've been roundin' up the stock so we can sell some. What? We gotta sell some, Conway, if that pipeline's gonna be finished on time. Oh, well, look, Adam. It'll take over another week to round those steers up again. Oh, go on. That's the first time I've ever seen one of those haulsless contraptions. Ha, look at it. Settin' there a smokin' and a steamin'. Come on, let's have a look. Wait till I give that local driver a piece of my mind. Boy, it looks like a buggy without no whiffle trees or a horse. Well, y'all, look at the way that driver is bundled up in them goggles. And that white coat and tap in this heat, too. Ha, ha, ha. He must be local. Mr. Haven't you any better sense than to have all that thing into a herd of cows? I've got a good mind to pin your ears back. Ah, the hospitality of the West. How refreshing. It's a gal. You must be Miss Darling. An amazing deduction. I decided to drive here in my Nudurier special and save you gentlemen the trouble of escorting me. I simply despise horses. I thought you'd come in on the train. I had my car brought over with me on a flat car. I'm Sam Conway, Miss Darling. Oh yes, my late relatives' attorney. The chairman of your welcoming committee was just about to pin my ears back. Mr. Cassidy is a great joker. Oh, uh... Miss Darling, it just happens that we spent a full week rounding up those stairs and you came along. You round them up again. And while you're about it, round up everything else as well because I'm going to sell the ranch. What? Sell. Get money. You mean you're going to walk out on the people who've lived here all their lives? The ranch hands, their herdsmen, their families? If you object too much, Mr. Cassidy, you can always leave, remember? In the meantime, take my bags over to the ranch house while Mr. Conway shows me the place. Here, take these three here. I see. Conway, if you'll hand California one of those suitcases, I'll take the other one in that small makeup bag with it. Uh, which one? The black medal in there. Isn't that Charlie Garrett heading this way? Yeah, he's riding like something was after him. Nice smell of trouble. Bobby! Oh! Garrett, what's the matter? I told you it was no use. The whole west side of the hill anchored in the pipeline, swollen into the alroyo. What? Somebody up in the hill's used dynamite to start an avalanche. Come on, California, let's get on over there. Come on! Now back to hop along Cassidy in Death Runs Dry. In spite of the murder of his old friend Jim Dodge, who owned the Lazy D in the arrival of its new owner, Kay Dahlin, who wants to sell it, Hoppy sticks to his determination of putting through the irrigation project that will save the ranch from foreclosure. We find him in California at the site of the latest disaster, an avalanche burying the pipeline. More show! Move the horses out of the way! More nice pipe sections, please! Looks like the pipeline is completely burying. We'll never dig it up in time. Never mind the pipeline. Are the men all out of danger? I think so. Jose! Jose Blackfeather is missing! Great guns, Hoppy, I forgot. I sent Jose up there to recover some tools before the blast hit. We gotta get him down. Let's go, Hopper! Hoppy!  Come back here! Hoppy, wait for me! You'll never make it! He'll be killed! We're here in California, the other side of this boulder. This mountain walk easy. Won't take much to start another avalanche. Yeah. Did you find Jose? Yeah. He's lying here. Oh. Hurt bad? Yeah, pretty bad. Not by the avalanche. He's been shot. What? Yeah. Jose must have caught the man in the act of setting off the blast at the start of the slide. Probably tried to stop him and was shot down. Jose. Jose, can you hear me? Jose. Who shot you, Jose? Who was it? Jose. Senior... Jose. He's dead. Poor devil. Tarnation, Hoppy. We can't let the coyote who did this get away with it. Well, I... I've been wrong twice already. What? For a while I figured it was Jose who killed Jim. Then, from the letter I got this morning, I figured it was Sam Conway who was behind all these accidents. But Conway was right beside us when the avalanche was set off. So he couldn't have been the one. That leaves only one, Hoppy. Charlie Garrett. I don't know. Garrett has a dozen witnesses to prove he was working on the dam below when that blast started the avalanche. Now, there are a few things that still need explaining. Yeah, I reckon. I'll have to go around to a few blacksmith shops tomorrow and ask a few questions. Come on, California. Help me get Jose down from here. Hoppy, that was about the bravest thing I've ever seen anybody do. Going after that poor man. Frankly, I think there must be a madman loose. A homicidal maniac. Could be you're right, Mr. Conway. First, those cowboys getting killed by that so-called accident. And Jim Dodge murdered. Now, Jose Blackfeather. Jose gave his life for the Lazy D, Miss Darling. I know. And my name is Kay. Do you still want to sell and turn these people out of their homes? Come now, Cassidy. What choice has she got? It'll be impossible to finish the project now, don't you think? Better sell for what you can get for it now rather than lose everything by waiting. But we can finish the project on time. With three more carloads of pipe to replace that bird by the avalanche, we can make it. Kay, do I have your permission to sell part of the herd so we can get that pipe? But this is ridiculous. You'll never be able to... All right. What? California. Tell Garrett to order that pipe. You bet. Miss Darling, can I talk to you alone? I have an awful headache, Mr. Conway. If you don't mind. Very well. I'll talk to you later. Hoppy. I didn't know there was murder mixed up in this. Well, now you know. Well, I don't think I like it here. Maybe I ought to sell. The Valley Range Association is offering a fair price. There's something else you ought to know. Jim Dodd once wrote me that whenever he dug a well around here, all he ever got was salt water or tar. Tar? Yeah. The avalanche opened up a couple of crevices with more of that black stuff oozing out. Only I've got a hunch it isn't tar at all. No? No. It's oil. Hoppy. Hoppy, I've been looking for you. The cook brought in some letters from Poca Rio this morning. One's for you. Here. From Abilene. Much obliged, California. He sent the boys to wait for the train when she pulls into Poca Rio. We'll need every wagon on the place to haul the pipe from the station. Hey, listen. There she comes. We'll see her when she comes through the canyon down below. Yeah. Yeah. That letter. Not bad news, I hope. No, not for us. You see what? Hey, wait a minute. What's the matter? Look, those two ombres way down there below in the canyon at the mouth of railroad tunnel. Yeah, they're getting on their horses. What determination are they doing there? I don't know, but I don't like it. There comes the train around the bend and those two mavericks are skedaddling up the side of the canyon. They blew up the tunnel. Come on, California. Let's get those sidewinders. I'll take the one with the rifle. Your man's running up the canyon.  You're going to have to shoot a lot better than that to get me, mister. Come on, topper. Let's get it. Now back to hop along Cassidy. All right.  I want a good look at you. So, Conway. Yes, Conway. Surprised? Not too much, since I rode east and found out that you are the Valley Range Association and nobody else. Live and learn, Cassidy.  You mean I killed Jim Dodge, you're crazy. What proof are you got? For one thing, that rifle of yours. Calibur 270, I see. The same high-powered job that killed Mr. Dodge. You call that proof? There are lots of rifles like mine. Roped him like a doggie. Max Chivalier, you're so-called locker, hey, Conway? You can't pin a murder on me, Cassidy. One of those Indians Dodge hired killed him. All the evidence points to it. That's what you tried to make us think, but you forgot one little thing, Conway. When you took the shoes off your pony, you overlooked the nail holes in his hoofs. They showed up perfectly in that mud. Hoppy, don't miss a thing. And another thing, the morning we arrived, you happened to mention your horse was in the blacksmith shop. Remember? Well, I found that blacksmith, Conway. He says he had to put on a full set of shoes to replace the ones you'd pulled off. Hey, he's lying, I can explain that. Can you? Then maybe you can explain those footprints you made when you scouted around to make sure nobody saw you shoot Dodge. Let's have that plaster Paris imprint in the saddlebag, California.  Raise your right foot, Conway. Oh, look, boys, we can make a deal. Raise it, I said. There. Well, there it is. That perfect fit. All right, that dirty little... Look, you can't mix me up in this. I had nothing to do with Dodge's murder. It was all Conway's idea.  He knew there was oil on Dodge's land, and he wanted to get a hold of him. You fool, you were in with me and this up to the hilt.  That's a lie, I can explain everything. Ah, tell it to the jury that both of you. All right, let's get going. Those skunks sure look good behind bars. Well, I guess I owe you two hombres a lot of thanks, both for myself and Miss Darling, Hoppy. They only thank you, Oasis, for your self-care. What do you mean? Hey, look what's heading this way. Miss Darling, in her hoarsely spuggy head. Hey, Miss Darling, where are you? Hey, Miss Darling, hey! She sure seems in a hurry, don't she? Yeah, and I don't think she's coming back either. Hey, what do you mean? That will, Conway, uh, showed us with a fake beard. What? He hired this girl to pose as a relative of the old man and then rigged up a forged will, leaving the stuff to her. Well, I'll be dig-fleshed. You see, it was that makeup bag of hers that got me, uh, suspicious. Only an actress would carry around a case like that. So I wrote the address on the bag and it turned out to be the L. Campbell Theater in Abilene. After she found out there was murder mixed up in it, I don't think she wanted to be any part of it. You mean the Lazy D now belongs? To you, Garrett. It's all yours. Well, come on, California. It's time we were heading back to the home spread. Hey, you bet. Hey, wait a minute. I'm cutting you two in for a share in the Lazy D right now. Thanks just the same, partner, but I couldn't be tied down with the responsibility myself. Me neither. I'd rather stay happy. Happiness has one great advantage over wealth, Garrett. Your friends don't try to borrow it. Come on, California. Let's ride. This means it's so long from Hopalong, Cassidy, once again.  If you'd like more of these two gun adventures of Hopi's, don't forget. You can see him in the fine Hopalong, Cassidy pictures at your local theater. Meanwhile, we're hoping you'll tune in next time Hopi rides the airwaves to bring you more action out of the Old West. Hopalong, Cassidy, starring William Boyd, is transcribed and produced in the West by Walter White Jr. Death Run's Drive was written by Urban Ashkenazi. All stories are based upon the characters created by Clarence E. Mulford. This is a Commodore production.


Now it's a question, what's going on with Russia? Anyway, now come it's failing in Ukraine and what is going on with Putin? What is in his mind? So we don't know for sure, but we can certainly speculate. And Carl Ackerman joins me for this discussion on history is here to help. Welcome to the show, Carl. Thank you, Jay. Always a pleasure. So we have a whole bunch of things that have happened in the recent past. Starting maybe three weeks ago, we saw all these articles and all these newspapers and we heard all this news about how the Russians were losing in Eastern Ukraine. And that was interesting. And I chalked it up myself to American weapons and maybe American advice and counsel. But it's more than that. It's the whole Ukrainian army. It's the way they come together, their collaborative thinking together and their determination to protect their country. The same time, it also seems that Putin is his overshot himself. He's out of his comfort zone. He can't get people to go along with him. He can't get the troops motivated. He can't win. And at some level, his army has given up. And here we are. And of course, this troubles him very greatly. He's kind of a guy who's, when he's cornered, like any good psychopath, when he's cornered, he doubles down. He's been doing that all the while. And so I wanted to explore with you what all of this means. How strong really is the Ukrainian army? How strong is the EU? How strong is American and Joe Biden's support for the Ukrainians? And of course, how strong is Putin? How strong is Russia? And that'll be the first six hours. And after that, why did you, oh, and I wanna add that I've been watching your friend, Tim Snyder, in his lectures on the creation of Ukraine as a country. It's very interesting, you know? I mean, originally it was the Vikings, for God's sake. It was the Vikings. And Waldemir was a Viking hero. And that's where Vladimir and Volodymyr come from. So interesting, you know, that you wouldn't have expected that at all. So it's got a rich history for sure, rich and basically unhappy. Lots of pogroms, lots of anti-Semitism, lots of killing in the war. But here we are with an apparently democratic country which seems to have its act together, which seems to have the support of Europe and the US as against a country that is, you know, a pariah to use the term that so often you. So let's look at Putin first. Where is he on the continuum? Does he have any real leg to stand on here, historically and sociologically? Historically, no. You know, the original Rus or the original Russian state as it were was really a Kievan state.   And it was only because the Mongols coming in in 1240 that decimated Kiev and people started migrating northward. And you were absolutely right. The Vikings came down and they, you know, had names like Ryrik and Oleg and things like that and established themselves, you know, sometime in the seventh and eighth centuries. And then under a Prince Vladimir, they adopted both, you know, the Greek Orthodox church and which later became the Russian church and of course the Cyrillic script, which has driven every Russian student crazy at least for the first month because, you know, if you take a word like pectopah, P-E-C-T-O-P-A-H, you soon realize that Russian letters look very similar to sort of the Western Latinized letters, but pectopah and Russian is restaurant. So, you know, they're P, you know, R-P is there R, et cetera, et cetera, R-H is there N. So, you know, things become very confused. But anyway, so there's no historical like this stand on. As you and I have discussed, Vladimir Putin is a great, he follows in the tradition of a great 19th century Slavophile. He believes in a greater Russia. He was, you know, heartbroken when the Soviet Union fell in 1991. Remember in 1989, he was in that East German embassy, you know, destroying documents. So, you know, this is a guy who only can be described as President Macron described on CNN earlier today as, you know, there's a psychological issue here and Putin, Vladimir Putin really wants to, you know, take over the old Soviet empire and Macron interestingly called it a colonial venture. And so, you know, I don't think there's any stopping him. The danger here is, as you mentioned at the beginning of our talk today, Jay, is that he is, you know, a form of psychopath in the sense that he's going to do whatever he wants to do. He's not going to listen to other folks. And he has, you know, one agenda and the agenda is to take over the Ukraine. Does that mean that we may be looking at perhaps a tactical nuclear strike? I think we're pretty close. I think that, you know, if the demonstrations continue in Moscow as they're doing, one must remember what happened during the Vietnam War when Richard Nixon was forced to capitulate because there was so many people in the United States that were against the Vietnam War. And I mean, not that, you know, Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger weren't trying to solve the issue as best they could, but there were a whole lot of people opposed to them. Unfortunately, in Russia today, those people who protest get put in jails and are treated horribly, but including, you know, women basketball players who are accused falsely of doing things, but we won't go there. But the point is that Putin's in his last rope and the reason, and I'll stop after this statement, the reason for the EJ, for the Ukrainian victories is not a difficult one to figure out. I mean, of course they're brave and we're all Ukrainians or anyone who is in support of democracy is Ukrainian, but, you know, going back to the American Revolution, when you're on someone else's soil and you're the foreign invader and all you want to do is take over, that's a bad position to be in. And unless you're willing to, you know, overwhelm people with superior military might, and unless you're very organized. And, you know, the British Empire, which was in a much better position to put us down in the American Revolution, failed. And it's, you know, every country that tries to do this eventually will fail. I mean, look what happened to the United States. I mean, we weren't trying to colonialize, but in Afghanistan and also the former Soviet Union in Afghanistan. Don't forget, yeah. Yeah, in Vietnam was, you know, a great example. And, you know, we weren't the first to do it. It was the French. We should have learned from the French and the NBN Fu, but we didn't. So, I mean, there comes a point where any rational leader would cut and run. And Russia, you know, pulled out of Afghanistan, you know, but it's not pulling out here. And he's doubling down and he's threatening nuclear weapons.  Who knows what? Just get out. You know, putting 300,000 young Russians in conscription and having them march into the maw and come back in body bags, already 80,000 young Russian boys have been killed. You know, it's just, it's not a good idea to continue that. He's got people who are very upset with him, including oligarchs from around him, including a lot of people who have left Russia in opposition to what he's doing. Is, when does he get the message? Is it never?  I don't think he's listening to anyone.    Will that prevail? Let me throw one factor on the screen for you. Here's a picture of a Russian soldier and you can see how young he is. You can see how unprepared he is for war. You can see the fear in him and you wanna bring 300,000. I mean, this is a few weeks, maybe a couple of months ago, they're going to be younger now, the conscripts. And I mean, it touches your heart even to see this kid being thrown into a completely unnecessary violence, a violence without a benefit to anybody. And so the people back at home in Russia, they know this kid and this is their kid. They're not gonna support him at all. It's a big factor. That's why, you know, thousands of people have gone into the streets to oppose him. Can he still pull it off? Well, I don't think so. And we have Vietnam War, which you and I saw directly. I may be older than you, Jay, so I based it when I was 18. And that was when the draft reoccurred and you were drafted on the basis of your number in a lottery system. There used to be for the middle class and upper middle class a way to avoid it through student deferment, but that ended. And so depending on when your number hit, mine hit in 72 when we were still fighting, luckily I had a high number and I wasn't drafted. I didn't have to go and fight and I probably would have been a nurse of some form. You know, I didn't want to kill people, but that's a whole nother issue. But the- Well, the question is a sociological one and a political one. Will the people of Russia who have been hammered with propaganda for the past couple months, past several months, and who are afraid of their leader Putin, will they tolerate this? Or will they rise up? Well, there's still mass media uttering propaganda the way people did in the United States and under Henry Kissinger and Richard Nixon. And so there's a message being thrown there. The difference, of course, in the United States is that we had many messages being given and many reporters who were becoming anti-war themselves after seeing what was going on and trying to present the war fairly, you know? And the Russians aren't getting that. And most people, most Russians, from what I've seen in my many trips there, have, you know, just adhere to what's on television and talk about it. But the problem is now that you're having thousands of men come back in body bags and you're having people leaving the country, both by plane and by car.  And no matter what your propaganda says, if people are not being able to, you know, equate what's going on on state media with what they're seeing with their friends and their neighbors and their children, especially in grandchildren, then that's a problem.  So we had a similar sort of situation and it's, I don't see there's any kind of negotiation. Interestingly enough, the French president was on CNN today and he was talking about his encounters with Vladimir Putin and he just said, Macron said, look, you know, this is a psychological issue now. I mean, he was implying there's no more negotiation possible. It's very difficult. And I think he's right on that. And then Anthony Blinken today spoke at the United Nations. And I would say that that speech, everyone should take a look at because it is the best indictment of Russia overall and what has been happening since February of this year that could have been summarized in a short period of time. He was really quite eloquent and to the point. And, you know, if I may draw from one of our great American reporters and authors, I mean, Thomas Friedman was saying this a month or two ago that, you know, one of the outcomes that he did not want to see was, you know, Vladimir Putin pushed into a corner, which he is now and rightfully so because he feared the tactical use of nuclear weapons. Now, he's definitely in a corner. He's got people rioting in the streets. He's got the sanctions all over him. He's so everyone's calling him names and saying he's a pariah. His Europe is coming together more than he expected. The United States is helping more than he expected. His army is really not doing well. His supply lines aren't doing well. The outcomes for them aren't doing well. He is definitely in a corner. And if you say that he's the guy who runs it no matter what, then we have to ask the question, will he, you know, I guess the first thing is, I think he will conscript 300,000 young men. And I guess the question from that is, will they make a difference? Because they're untrained, they're draftees. You know, they don't have necessarily, they don't have the support or the equipment to do the job. I don't know where he's going to get that from. I don't know how he's going to train them. So that's my first question. Will the 300,000 conscripts actually change the calculus here? No, that's the quick answer. It's not going to change the calculus because you have a divided upper echelon of the military. And from what I have been hearing is, and reading is that Vladimir Putin is trying to give, you know, advice to his generals on the ground. And where have we seen this before? Nicholas II did the same thing and that outcome was revolution in Russia. So that's not a very good outcome. Oh, that leads to the most interesting question of the day. Carl, is revolution possible now? I don't think revolution, but I think regime change is possible. I think that there may be people in the upper echelons of Russia that say, hey, this guy's got to go and somehow remove him. I think it's going to be difficult. And Jay, one of the things that we discussed on this, remember we had this whole discussion about Dvornikov and how he, the man from Chechnya was going to go in and save the day. Well, obviously not. That was several months ago. So again, it goes back to the notion of, you know, the Kranians now have, you know, drones where they can target people. They have, you know, military weapons. The entire West is there. And this is before the hard winter months where the Germans will have to face some problems in terms of their fuel and things like this. But, you know, it's interesting what, you know, President Macron said today is, you know, he didn't mention this in a large way, but I caught it. And he said, you know, we're not as susceptible because we have nuclear power. And that was an interesting comment, giving all the problems that, you know, nuclear plants have had, including the most recent accident in Japan. But that is a solution. It's not probably the best solution you want for any local, but it is a solution to not depend on Russian oil. And it's, you know, a fairly clean form of energy unless there's a meltdown and then you're in trouble. You know, like, and of course, we still have the nuclear reactors in Russia, which are always happening in Ukraine, which are, you know, Zephyrusia, which is going to be another outcome. They don't have to use bombs. Putin doesn't have to use bombs. All he has to do is sabotage that plant. And then you have an attack on all of Western Europe. Indeed. And that's not good. But, you know, it's, you know, we've been talking about this, you know, since February, Jay, and it's very enlightening and heartening to see how far the Ukrainians have come. And it's also another, you know, another sort of large support internationally for democracy in the European countries coalescing together and supporting democracy. And I think, you know, to put this into a larger landscape, I mean, the, you know, I don't want to get into the political realm too much, but, you know, the unauthorized and unambiguously coup-like mentality in the United States of Donald Trump also is coming under a lot of fire right now. So I'm very optimistic about our future now because Ukrainians are winning and Donald Trump is facing a lot of lawsuits. And I don't think you have to be a Republican or a Democrat or an independent to realize that, you know, our former president was involved with a lot of shady things. And so the overall concept of this, and of course he was a friend of Putin.  Yeah, well, but speaking of optimism, are you optimistic about Putin's threats to use weapons, even if just tactical nuclear weapons? Because that could be a domino's effect action. In other words, you start with one, even a little one. Before you know it, somebody else is thinking about what to do with nuclear weapons. And before you know it, you have a guns of August World War I kind of domino's effect. How optimistic are you about that? Well, you know, it all depends on whether of letting mere Putin is suicidal or not. Because if he launches nuclear weapons in any form that's possible, the United States is a very powerful country and it has a very powerful nuclear arsenal. And I think that the, you know, the reprisal on the part of the United States, and if letting mere Putin understands the state of his military and the state of the United States' military, and this is what's nice about being the strongest military nation in the world, although China is rapidly challenging that, but not completely, then there's real problems. And I think, you know, he would lose support, which he has lost somewhat already, support from China and also from India. And I think those are major checks on his use of nuclear arsenal. But you know, the difficulty is that he talks about it. And you know, American diplomats, French diplomats, Chinese diplomats, Indian diplomats would never discuss this. So, you know, you always have to give that 10% chance of him actually carrying this out. I mean, I'm not certain that he's willing to divorce himself from the entire world because that'll mean no trade with India, no trade with China. If he launches this, then it's really, it's a new ball game. And the ball game, he's gonna lose heavily.   That's the only, so I mean, you know, I don't think he's suicidal, I think he's smarter than that. You know, one scenario that interests me is that if he let go on a practical nuclear weapon, it would change, in my view, the calculus. And the first place it would change the calculus, even before a return strike by anybody, in Western Europe or the US is his own people. And I can imagine the man or woman in the street in Russia saying what, now this, you know, conscription of sanctions, our economy is in tatters, he's affected, you know, our food supply or supply lines, all our, you know, retail, you know, opportunities, now this, and I would, if I were in the street, I would be encouraged to come after him. I would be encouraged to rise up. And the question is whether that would take place before a return strike or the people who might otherwise do the return strike, whoever it is, would wait and see how the Russian people reacted and maybe play the propaganda game, you know, first. What do you think? I, you know, that's a possibility, Jay. I think it's a very thoughtful approach. I suspect knowing the American military and President Biden that there would probably be immediate reaction, you know, I suspect. I don't know, but I think that would be prudent. I don't think you can wait too long. I mean, I think that also, you know, for all the good and all the really deliberate thoughtfulness of President Macron, America is really the person that is sometimes put in the position of cleaning up, you know, and taking action. But I think that, you know, there might be a strategy that, you know, a pretty direct and a pretty direct hit on the Russian soil itself might solve a lot of the issues. But, you know, best not to have that scenario, you know. It could be everybody let go. Once we hit nuclear, it's, you know, it's a no-win scenario for anybody being alive in the world today. And it's tragic because, you know, one of the things that I always go back to is the 2014, I think it was 2014 agreements with the, in Minsk where the Ukrainians gave up their nuclear weapons in order to preserve the commitment by Russia never to invade. That's very ironic, isn't it? It is. And I think that, you know, if the Ukraine does join NATO, a solution to this never happening again is to put nuclear weapons to give the Ukrainians, you know, nuclear weapons so that this will not occur ever again. Because it's, you know, once someone is of a nuclear capability, the way France is, the way England is, the way Italy is, then you have a, you know, you have a choice about doing anything too aggressive because there are nuclear weapons there and they could be used in last resort.  And by the way, you know, there were articles written in foreign affairs about tactical nuclear weapons in the 60s, you know, by, one was written by Henry Kissinger.  Well, what's the difference between a tactical weapon and a bigger weapon? Once you start throwing them at each other, then, you know, you have the environment and people die by the millions and it turns into something out of Mad Max at Thunderdome. But let me ask you this though, nothing happens in a vacuum and the world stage now, Putin is on it and Putin's announcement of his 300,000 conscripts, Putin's threat again of nuclear weapons. It's felt around the world and I'm sure that any country that has supported him in the past is going to have a reaction even as recently as two weeks ago, Xi Jinping in China said, yeah, I'm not so sure I want to support this guy. It sounds like he's a loose cannon or something. I'm going to change my support level for him. And I think they're India, I think probably the same thing. Africa, a lot of the countries there, Putin has bought him off somehow. He's bribed them to support him, even in Latin America. But query, you know, if Macron says he's a pariah and he's got psychological issues, that's also on the world stage. If Biden criticizes him the way he did a couple of days ago, that's on the world stage. If this is all in the context of the United Nations meeting going on in New York right now, or at least in recent days, query, how does the world feel about this and assuming the world reacts as you and I would and Xi Jinping has, query, how does that affect Putin? Does that change it for him? Well, I think that the United Nations today was very interesting because Secretary Lavrov came in only for a couple of minutes and there was no Russian representative hearing these speeches from the French ambassador from, you know, from Secretary Blinken. You know, so I don't think there's any question even among the Indian leadership and the Chinese leadership that Vladimir Putin has, you know, really gone way too far. The question is how you resolve all of this and, you know, the question came up, you know, to President Macron. You know, do you think that there could be negotiations now? And I'm not sure that President Zelensky with them winning battles, you know, on Ukrainian territory that he would be too interested in in settling things at this point. And well, and perhaps he shouldn't because, you know, Russians still occupy Ukrainian territory. So I think that I don't see a win here for Russia. I don't see a long-term win. I don't see, I think more territory is going to be absorbed back into Ukraine. There may be short-term victories for Russia. But, you know, I mean, not only when you invade, do you have to be able to win battles, but you have to be able to hold on to the territory. And, you know, that's a huge expenditure.  We're not going to talk about the morality and the ethics of doing this because that was, you know, horrendous and killing people for more territory. And as I mentioned earlier, Macron calls it a colonial venture. And I think that's not a bad term. I remember maybe a neocolonial venture, you know, trying to reformulate the Soviet Union. But I just, you know, it's just, it was just incredible. And J.I. I'm rereading war and peace right now. And, you know, Tolstoy has sort of a dim view of warfare and what goes on during warfare and, you know, what goes on in the greater Russian society. Well, it's happening.   And it's, it's, it's just crazy. But I want to, I want to talk a little bit about your allusion to Tom Snyder, if you don't mind. Is that okay, Jay? Yeah, sure. You know, Tom Snyder, and this is true and I hate to category a lot of people because the right does this and I don't think it's necessarily always true, but I think it's somewhat true. And I think when you have left leaning or even farther left professors talking about nation states, they often don't discuss what nation states were replacing. And of course, in modern Europe, you had, you know, the Christianity and the Catholic Church and that's what helped people together in the Middle Ages. You know, if you can call it holding together. And with the nation state, you also have to have allegiance primarily to your country, not to the king or queen. And so, you know, when you lose divine, divine right monarchy as with the English revolutions and things like that, you begin to get statehood. And of course, the early Russian and Ukrainian version of this was, you know, very driven by Kyiv and princes and things like that. And then, you know, after the move northward, they went to is ours. But I would maintain that you really didn't have a Russian state until in the true sense of the word until after 1861 when the when you have the emancipation of the service. So, you know, I think Tom Snyder, what interests what's interesting about Professor Snyder and I give him a lot of credit for this is to challenge his Yale students to think of the nation state is not the end at all because it was a historically formulated drive.  I think Professor Snyder is doing a wonderful job with his students and asking the right types of questions. And just as an aside, Jay, when I was watching that one responded video that you sent to me on number two in his series, he was lamenting the fact that someone had their cell phone hidden under their notes and stuff. You may remember that slight mention. And, you know, when I was going to graduate school, there was a Renaissance historian named Stephen Greenblatt, who's had a joint position at Princeton and and Berkeley and you still couldn't see him in the New York Review of Books and he's really an expert on the Renaissance. And I remember him lambasting a student who was having the daily California. This is, of course, at Berkeley and reading it while he was lecturing and stopping his lecture and telling the student to put it away. So, but, you know, I kind of lamented today is when professors had to tell people to stop reading as opposed to fooling around with their cell phones. So, Carl, I want to be helpful here. The fact is that Tim Snyder, who's written a couple of books about tyranny and others, other things, he does put his lecture about Ukraine on on on YouTube. I think it's right next to ours, you know, and every every class he videotapes and he puts it on YouTube. So that's, you know, that this is good and and we're going to put this on YouTube and we'll see what the students have to say. Carl Ackerman, a PhD in European history, helping us understand what's going on with Putin and Russia and Ukraine. It's an ongoing question that's as what's his name? Tim Snyder said, if there's one word, one concept that defines history, it's the word change, change versus continuity. I would agree with that. Thank you, Carl. Thank you so much for coming around. Really appreciate it. Thank you. Thank you, Jay. And you get that men should knighted men should by everyone in the world and everyone watching this because you were tremendous, Jay Fidel. Thank you, Carl Ackerman. Aloha. Thank you so much for watching this book, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn and donate to us at think.kawaii.com. Mahalo.


What's up everyone? We are back with another taste test video. Today we're gonna be tasting some exotic jerky and this is gonna be really exciting cause I've tried some of these back in the day just myself. Some of these are good, but also some of these are new to me as well. Yeah, let's just get right into this. So up first is going to be venison. Pretty standard one. Not too exotic. I'm gonna see if I can open it up by just ripping it. If not, I do have scissors on standby. This was actually way easier to open this time than it was last time. Most of these are gonna be from a company called Buffalo Bobs, which specialize in exotic jerky. Some of these are gonna be from other companies as well. I think one or two other ones. So yeah, some very, very cool ones, but we're gonna start off with venison here. Do you wanna take the first bite? It actually smells pretty good, so. Oh yeah, this is peppered jerky, which I'm a huge fan of, so. It's good. That is amazing. We're gonna rate these best, worst. There's nine total. Our first one here, we're gonna rate saying it's good, obviously. Next one is gonna be a new one for me. I've had Buffalo before, but this one here is Chipotle flavor. Chipotle and garlic flavor, and it does say spicy. So we're gonna give this a try. Softer? Tender, yeah. Wow. Like better. It said it was spicy. I'm getting no spice. No. Zero. Chipotle flavor? Not really. Garlic flavor? It does taste garlicky, which I love, and I've never had this flavor before. I've had other Buffalo, but whenever I've seen this one, I wanted to give it a try. It's not spicy to me, so I'm gonna say kind of misleading. In my opinion, it's worse than the pepper to venison one. Would you agree with that? I don't know, I kind of like it. I like that it's really tender. Yeah. To me, I would say it's better. It's better? Yeah. All right, we're gonna tie it. Taupe, yeah, best fair. We're just gonna tie it for now just because I'm sure it's gonna be beat by something. Next we have Wild Boar, which I remember as being really gamey. I'm gonna say this one's an easy, I'm gonna say it's below the other two, just because it's not one that I would prefer to get, and I don't normally get barbecued flavored jerky anyways, but the barbecue flavor I did like compared to other jerky barbecue flavors, but still not a fan. So next we have Hickory Smokes Elk, which I don't think I had this exact flavor before. I had elk, way softer though. Do you think it's better than the peppered venison and the garlic buffalo one? I'm kinda leaning towards yes, myself. Yeah? Yeah. Normally Hickory, sometimes it's hit or miss. Sometimes I find Hickory flavored stuff, it's too Hickory, and then that just results in whatever it was, whether it's a chip or a jerky or whatever. It coming out gross, but this actually comes out really good. It's a nice smoky taste. I'm gonna say that's good. The next one is from a company called Indian Valley. It's from Alaska, and this is gonna be reindeer meats. Now about this company, I've tried this company before. It was sold out this time, I wanted to get it so I actually could try, and that was salmon jerky. I don't like salmon, I don't like fish, hate it, but the jerky tasted good. So unfortunately they were sold out maybe in the future, but this one's really hard to open, I won't tear. So luckily we do have scissors next to us here. All right, so I'm just gonna give it a try here. It might be a different texture. It's a different company, might be harder. Mm-hmm. Yeah? And this might be what's broke one of my teeth back in the day. Careful. Wow. I can barely chew into it. Yeah. I don't know if this has a flavor, taste plain, but you're basically tasting the reindeer. I'm gonna say it's below everything else. What do you think? Mm-hmm. Flavor-wise, the meat surprisingly tastes amazing. It's just so tough. That's not a good experience, if that makes sense, right? Yeah, yeah, the meat tastes fine, but I prefer the jerky more tender. It's not super chewy. Yeah, me too, I'm the exact same way. So now we're gonna be trying some of the more exotic flavors that some of them are the ones that worry Ashley. I absolutely love them back in the day. Hopefully I continue to, but next is gonna be alligator, which you guys can kind of see. It's not as dark as all the beef jerky or the other jerkies. So yeah, this one is Cajun style. It's gonna have a spice to it, I think that's why I absolutely loved it back in the day. Cajun flavor is amazing though. Mm-hmm. It's definitely not the last one, because that's actually pretty good, surprisingly. My mouth's on fire, like that flavor. That's what the spicy Chipotle one should have been. Yeah, it's above the, I think it's above the elk. Yeah, I think it is too. So I think, second place, maybe. So that's behind the elk. Elk was first place. Oh, okay. So you think it's second place? I honestly agree with that. Yeah. Yeah? Yeah. It has a nice burn, a nice flavor, a nice texture. I will say a lot of these are softer than they were last time, which hopefully that means they're fresher.  So this one here, it doesn't really say a flavor, so it might just be tasting like the kangaroo meats more. Not too tough though. No. Not like butter, like some of the others, but easy to pull apart. Wow. Yeah.  That is really good. The flavor of the kangaroo, because there's no seasoning on this one, there's no flavor on it. You're just tasting the kangaroo meats as the main component. Surprisingly, it tastes really good. So I kind of want to put this first place right now, but I don't know, the elk was still really good and that was a really nice flavor, so would you tie it for second place, or would you tie it for first place? I'll let you use that. I say tie it for first. Yeah? Yeah. We do have two left. One of them is one that I've never tried before, which Shbuffalo Bobs did add, but before we do that one, which I'm really excited about, next we're gonna do ostrich. Yeah, I don't remember this one at all. There was a duck one that I wanted to try, but it was sold out. Never tried the duck one from Buffalo Bobs, so. This one is hickory smoked though, just like our first place won the elk. It smells like a weird hickory. Not the same hickory as the elk. No. Like flavor of the hickory is different. I'm gonna put it somewhere in the middle, honestly. Yeah, the middle, but I can tell that the meats, I'm not really a big fan of the meat flavor. Yeah, it's more of the flavoring that it makes it taste good. The meat itself doesn't make it taste good. I'm actually okay at putting it at last. Where would you rate it? What did we have at last again? Last is just the reindeer, because all you taste is reindeer. Right, no, I'd say it's second last. Second last, that's fair. Yeah, the reindeer, no. We do have one last one here, and this is camel. This one here, oh, this one doesn't actually have a flavor. So it's gonna be more of the camel forward, so the kangaroo one, just the kangaroo, is right now tied for first place. But the reindeer one, the Alaskan reindeer one, is last place, so this could sit anywhere.  Better than the reindeer. Better than the reindeer, yeah, but. Which is last place, so I mean, doesn't say much, but. That's different. That's the first one I had to take side bite just to make sure I'd say the right thing. Yeah, maybe I should too, because it's really different, it tastes, let's see. It's a different kind of meat altogether than I've tried ever. I've never tried anything that tastes like this, like it's firm, but not tough. And the flavor surprisingly tastes good. I'm not gonna rate this first place. I'm gonna say this, to me, is third. Third, yeah. Third? Third. Yeah, I'm gonna say third, like it's good. It just doesn't be first or second place for us. Yeah, it's almost so different, but you just don't know what to say about it. Yeah, like it's so unique. Yeah, it's unique. So we have put them in order from best to worst. Worst right now is going to be this Alaskan reindeer. It would be okay if it was from the same company, but it's super, super tough, really hard to chew.  That's why it's last place, so that one there is our worst rated one. Our third place for the best jerky is going to be Campbell, and our second place is the Cajun alligator, which is really good. And our first place, we actually have two tied for first place because both were so, so good. And that is going to be the hickory smoked elk and the kangaroo, which has no flavoring. I'm actually really surprised that something that has no flavoring we put to first place, but the meat just tastes phenomenal to me. It does, yeah. I'd recommend that, and I absolutely love that. That is by far the best one, but this one here is also first place, and it's a nice hickory smoked flavor. Either one of these, you can't go wrong, but yeah, what do you think about all of these jerkies? What is your overall thoughts on them? Did you like them? Yeah, overall, I'm surprised I went into this thinking, like, oh no, like, I'm scared. But no, overall, all of them are like, pretty good. The only one that was like, if it was the reindeer. Yeah, that one, it's also a different company, so it's a different formula of how they make the jerky, which I understand, but still. But still, even that one was like, it wasn't the worst. Yeah. The worst worst that I've probably. That we've had. It's the worst that we have for this video. This video, exactly. But it's not the worst jerky we've ever had. Yeah, for sure. So. I absolutely love these. If you guys wanna see more jerky taste tests from us or other taste tests in general, let us know down below. We definitely wanna do more stuff like this. We love jerky. We're actually thinking about experimenting and making our own jerky. And doing that, I think that would be awesome to try to do that. But comment down below what you guys think. And have you guys tried Buffalo Bobs? If not, go on Jerky Dynasty. Check them out. I live in Kansas, so shipping was a lot more for us and the conversion rates. But if you live in the U.S., it'd be obviously a lot cheaper for you. Highly recommend checking them out. It's Jerky Dynasty. Buffalo Bobs, you can get them there. It is amazing, but we're gonna leave this video here you guys enjoyed. We'll see you guys in the next one. Please take care. Peace.


With forward pay from Appalachian Wireless, you'll avoid contracts and credit checks while taking advantage of some awesome perks, like unlimited talk, text, and 3 gigs of data for just $44.99, or with 5 gigs for a mere $59.99. Forward pay. That's today's Appalachian Wireless. According to Jenkins Police, a woman was raped at her residence on No. 4 Hill last Sunday at Knife Point. On Thursday, Jenkins Police officers arrested 81-year-old Russell Belcher of Pike County for allegedly committing the crime. Belcher was taken into custody, mirandized, and gave a statement to police. Belcher was in lives in Letcher County Jail on the charges of sexual assault first, assault first, and carrying a concealed deadly weapon. According to a statement issued by Jenkins Police, Belcher had spoken to the alleged victim prior to the incident about purchasing a vacant mobile home, but he returned again and told the alleged victim that God had directed him to speak to her. Once in a residence, the victim stated the subject then asked her for sex. When she refused, the victim stated that the subject produced a small pocket knife and again demanded sex. The victim sustained a small shallow cut to the left side of her neck. She stated that the subject then used the knife to cut her clothing off. Once the alleged incident was reported, an investigation was launched, which indicated Belcher had allegedly encountered other Jenkins residents and had touched them or solicited sex from them. After several days of searching, Jenkins Police located Belcher, again traveling up number four hill toward the alleged victim's residence, a place they say he'd reportedly revisited several times. In between the time the incident allegedly occurred and when he was finally arrested. Deputy Chief Richardson made the deliberate decision to stop him before he got up to the lady's house, just in case that's where he was heading again. So that's where we stopped him, again, returning. So this makes at least three to four times that he's been to this area. Chief Stevens said his officers as well as neon police officer Alan Borms were vigilant in their efforts to arrest Belcher. Deputy Chief Richardson and Officer Michael Garner both put a lot of time in on this, trying to find him. And our reward came when we advised the victim that we did have him in custody when she told us that she felt safe, that she could sleep at night in her own home. Stevens said although the circumstances of the case may seem unusual, particularly the suspect's age, it is not necessarily uncommon. It's not uncommon for an older person. There's a variety of reasons psychologists can tell you I'm sure. The investigation into the case is still ongoing. If convicted of the first degree rape charge, Belcher could be sentenced up to 20 years in prison. Reporting in Jenkins for EKB News, I'm Chris Anderson.