What's going on everybody welcome back to another breaking news story and it looks like the ATB Cup has been cancelled by multiple sources it's saying that it's being cancelled it looks like the quarantine period overlaps with the ATB Cup which means the tournament cannot be held also the fact that 24 nations playing in the one city because all tournaments are coming to Melbourne and staying in Melbourne that's going to be a little bit of a hassle and a little bit of a tough way to lead into the Australian Open especially because last year the ATB Cup went over 10 days and three different cities with you know 24 nations so it's a little bit too much too soon for that tournament to slot in before the Australian Open but there are other tournaments that are going to be played all going to Melbourne but let's go through the protocols now all the the policy that the Australian Open is looking at with players okay so as I said players are not allowed to enter the country or not allowed to enter Victoria slash Melbourne until January 1st we said the other day in a video that between the 5th and the 7th is probably where players are going to probably arrive you know spend new years at home and then arrive that first week in January 14 day quarantine period now this is a different thing from what we said last time they're actually allowed now the government of Victoria are actually allowing players to train while in quarantine so it's not a 14 day quarantine locked in a hotel room with nothing to do they can actually train so that's a good thing warm-up events are all going to be held in Melbourne so you've got Hobart which is a WTA event you've got Brisbane which is a WTA event and also the Adelaide tournament which is an ATP and WTA tournament all playing in Melbourne which is a good thing as well keep it in the bubble then you've got the Australian Open will be pushed back close to February now it's we said it was going to be in February it might only be a week later now because of the training allowance for the quarantine so that could be good if it's a little bit closer means it won't clash with tournaments throughout February but it looks like around February and the ATP Cup it will join Auckland 2021 as the other event that's been cancelled so Auckland cancelled at the start of October and now it looks like the ATP Cup is going to join that so let me know down below in the comments what do you reckon should the ATP Cup be held at another time should we hold it later in the year did you like the ATP Cup last year I personally I loved it I thought it was great I thought the fact that it's a team event with points it actually means something a little bit more than those team events that kind of just played for your country and played for pride you've got points for wins in the ATP Cup so I really liked it let me know down below if you liked it but it looks like ATP Cup 2021 it's been cancelled


proudly we hail from New York City where the American stage begins here is another program with a cast of outstanding players public service time has been made available by this station for your army and your Air Force to bring you this story as proudly we hail the United States Air Force our stories entitled safety is no accident this is the story of Doug Grayson Captain Dudley Grayson and a girl Janet Shields Captain Grayson meets Janet when he is sent from his home base in California to Bailey Air Force base in Texas on a mission Janet is the kind of girl anyone would hope to meet on a mission trouble was that Ray Billings had seen her first our play will begin in a moment young man if you're a high school graduate are unmarried and otherwise qualified there's a future for you as an aviation cadet in the United States Air Force you'll receive a year of the world's finest flying training and graduate as a second lieutenant earning more than $5,000 a year here's the opportunity of a lifetime to serve your country and build a career that will fit you for responsible positions in both military and commercial aviation visit your army and Air Force recruiting station for details now your army and your Air Force present the proudly we hail production safety is no accident at Norton Air Force base near San Bernardino California Brigadier General Richard J. O'Keefe of the Director of Flight Safety Research is talking to one of the Air Force men assigned to the base Captain Dudley Grayson Captain Grayson until Sheffield's replaced you'll be handling B50s in addition to your other work yes sir I understood that when I heard Sheffield was to leave I know you're familiar with the aircraft your record shows a good many hours and B50s yes sir I've flown them a good deal very good and oh yes you'd better familiarize yourself with the new manual there have been some recent modifications yes sir now this is extra work for you but you've got the brains and the temperament to get along here you're quick your experience you're a plug-up we need men like you in the Air Force particularly in the flight safety directorate thank you captain Grayson studied the new manual on the B50 not knowing how soon he would need to put his knowledge to test not knowing for instance that in the air over central Texas a B50 was in trouble there was a fire in the number two engine left wing the B50s commander Major Fox had tried all emergency procedures to put out the fire without succeeding and afraid that the gasoline tanks would ignite and explode has given orders to the crew to bail out he's radioed his position and conditioned to the nearest cAA radio station the stricken plane is over wild deserted country where there's no chance of it harming anyone all right we're level now to do it about 6,000 feet we've been in radio contact with the airways they'll see that we get picked up our looks as though it'll be a long hike to civilization so let's stick together it's easier to be picked up that way all right see you on the ground happy landing the shoots yes I sure hated to give up that plane but if that fire ever got through the firewall and at the tanks guess we didn't get out much too soon all been lost as the first man to reach the ground well lucky the weather's good that makes it easier anyway and so Captain Grayson you'll proceed at once with your team to Bailey Air Force Base Belmont Texas to find the cause of that fire which resulted in the loss of a B50 yes sir now the captain Madison is the flying safety officer at Bailey and he'll give you every bit of information he's gathered and will cooperate with you fully as well Colonel Shields the CO at Bailey I'm sure that sir now your team's a good one you've flown the B50 under varying conditions Spence has been a flight engineer on many B50 missions the representative of the manufacturer knows the craft inside out I couldn't ask for better team I'll do my best to keep this out of the cause unknown file good I know you will good luck and don't hesitate to ask for help or information about anything you don't know thank you Colonel Shields general O'Keefe said you'd give me all possible help he didn't exaggerate thank you I like to see this cleared up captain everyone got out safely but I don't like to lose any aircraft I know that and you don't lose many since we started pushing our flying safety program the accident rate for the whole Air Force has gone down about one third this job of yours is a little like being a detective isn't it yes sir in a way only instead of a who done it we're usually looking for a what done I see well anything we can do to help you just let us know ask captain Madison here for any information you need or any help that's right captain thank you I'll do that well first of all now that we've gone over the reports we're going to take a look at the wreckage and talk to the crew right as I said just let me know thank you Colonel say Madison I've heard about Texas girls are they all like that as it takes in the Yankee I should say yes but as a fellow flyer I'll have to be honest and say no but it would be nice if they were mmm I don't try evasive action she's coming this way you seem to have the course plotted correctly just came from his office he was in a minute ago good how have you been how's Ellie fine she's fine oh Janet this is Captain Grayson dad Janet Shields you know he was just trying to give me some unlikely story that all Texas girls were like you why you dog you I never mind Harry Madison you know I wouldn't believe a word you said anyway well man if he hasn't sold it you are I'm at your service and as a southerner I take his remarks on your beauty you don't sound it captain extreme south of Oregon ma'am climate falls I happen to be from Minnesota myself if you two characters will get off your roses and Magnolia talk I'm meeting Ellie at the offices club for dinner I was going to ask Captain Grayson to would you join us John why won't you please well I'll see what dad's doing if he needs me tonight and to think I thought this would be a dull trip is this your regular line captain the name is dead and I don't have a line that I know of you mean you just had lived the kind of remarks you've been making all evening without any thought I don't know what I've been saying but I certainly mean every word of it aren't you taking a good deal for granted you mean that you might be married engaged promise to another something like that and I was afraid you were anybody as pretty and nice as you outlight flattery again nice the crew why did you change your mind or did you ask Harry Madison no I didn't say a word to him but you came tonight and you've been dancing with me and letting me talk on and on the things you've been saying no girl would be out to try to stop you sound nice to feminine ears did you see you're the kind of girl you saw what I thought about you you'd have told me don't you think maybe you're taking this a little seriously you hardly know me I hardly know you that's an excuse I don't have to know you you don't have to know me you know that what I'm saying is true maybe maybe we'll see well there's nothing to say but maybe I have been a little sudden that that I'll be big hearted and give you a couple of days and then see what you have to say that but I'm warning you right now if I have any spare time here at all I'm going to be going after you I've read the reports I've looked at the wreckage and I've got to ask you all again just what happened Major Fox what Captain Billings the first pilot was flying first thing I noticed was the sudden and severe vibration that's about the only way I can put it I looked at Billings and the instruments he and the flight engineer were doing the same thing but did you hear anything or see anything unusual immediately proceeding the vibration no I'm afraid not you know the way it is you're flying along smoothly thinking of a thousand things watching and checking and all of a sudden something happened now sometimes your first warning of any kind of trouble is after it's happened a glance showed that number two engine was a source of the trouble Billings throttled number two engine down to idling at once well it seems to be no question in anyone's mind but that the trouble started in the number two engine but what caused it we don't know then everything happened very quickly port side scanner reported smoke coming back from the wing and flame by that time I was trying to figure out what to do we tried all emergency procedures without any success I had radioed that we had a fire and gave our position and started looking for an emergency landing spot but there wasn't anything that looked even vaguely smooth I was afraid of the gas tanks didn't know how long the firewall would keep the heat from getting to a tank so I gave the order to bail out and you were the last to leave you say yeah as I said I guess it was best that we couldn't try to land because fire must have reached a gas tank soon after we bailed out I was parachuting down when I heard the explosion but I couldn't see much except a lot of smoke thanks major captain Billings how about you well I haven't much to add to the major's report I was flying as he said everything was fine suddenly the plane started shaking from vibration we didn't have the power we'd had to the number two prop started to run away I throttled it down then it sounded like somebody was shooting at us and you can be sure no one was I'll take you away for that a vibration must have broken a few other oil line that would account for the fire I just want to notice the smoke at first it was well look dark and thick like oil and then I don't know what it looked like later it was too thick gray smoky thanks sergeant as you said captain Billings it was probably a fuel line but something has to happen to set up the vibration that caused a fuel line break and if we can find enough for the pieces maybe we'll be able to tell what it was I coming nothing new been here over a week now you don't know any more than you did before not a lot at least we know a few things that didn't cause it it was a broken fuel line as you said but what caused it to break we don't know what he got to go on on a burnt twisted metal that's pretty well scattered to you found all the pieces we haven't yet so how does that get you nowhere yeah it seemed to be doing pretty well along some lines oh or as Janet why you're sticking to this so stubbornly look I'm doing a job here I was sent here I'm doing my best what I do after five o'clock is my business you're through work for the day or I wouldn't have brought it up I haven't anything against you at all Grayson accepted well I don't like a guy to move into a base for a brief mission and try to steal my girl I didn't know she was your girl they come to think of it I don't know it now you'll find out goodbye Billings what's the rush where you going I just remembered to the nearest phone to call Janet and see if she's busy you are listening to the proudly we hail production safety is no accident we'll return in just a moment for the second act daring and imagination courage and science these have propelled us straight into the jet age the age of air speed faster than sound a flight into the farthest frontiers of the sky young men how would you like to master one of those jet planes sleek powerful aircraft which represent the last word in military aviation they're considered safer to fly than they all propeller planes if you qualify for and successfully complete the interesting exacting training of an aviation cadet you'll have the chance as a pilot in the United States Air Force practicing a challenging career in the service of your country you'll start as a second lieutenant earning more than $5,000 a year if you're between 19 and 26 and a half in good health single and meet mental and educational requirements you're eligible to apply for the 16-month flight training course see if you can qualify at your nearest Air Force Base or local United States Army and United States Air Force recruiting station you are listening to proudly we hail now we present the second act of safety is no accident captain Dudley Grayson of the Flight Safety Research Directorate has been sent from Norton Air Force Base in California to Bailey Air Force Base near Belmont Texas to head a team investigating the cause of a crash of a B-50 bomber in the time he's been there captain Grayson and his team have made no progress at all in finding out what caused the crash but he's fallen hard himself for Janet Shields the daughter of Colonel Shields commanding officer of Bailey Air Force Base that was a good movie dad yeah and didn't you like it I was alright I've seen a snail show more enthusiasm I liked it I'm sorry I liked it too you're not very enthusiastic about anything now what's wrong dad hmm oh nothing you sure been wondering maybe I said something or did something you're not like yourself not the way you were when you first came here well I met you and that changed my whole life the way you've been the change hasn't been for the better no I'm messing up everything I was sent here on routine mission turned into something wonderful because I met you thank you why isn't it still wonderful is it your work your mission is that it partly I'm not getting anywhere maybe if I didn't want so much to be with you I'd be able to find out what caused this then that's what it is your fate you're letting your feelings get in the way of your duty maybe I guess I shouldn't told you that why not that's all your trouble is well sort of flattering in a way yeah but I still don't know if I'm doing all I should be could be now let me tell you something I've been in the Air Force longer than you have in a way I grew up in it I can tell you this much anytime they don't think you're doing your job and doing it right they'll let you know and in no uncertain terms yes but I wonder if they know how little progress I've made you send in the required reports don't you of course but I've already overstayed the usual lot of time here with my team but my CEO once this cleared up all I've had from Norton is keep at it well then stop worrying about that part of it I can see why you're upset you like you like to do a good job has anybody here been saying anything to you look just forget I said anything at all I'm going back into the hangar with my team and what additional men your father can spare me and I'm going over every part of that wreck plane all over again and how long will that take I'm not sure a few more days certainly and you'll be here a little longer as far as I can see yes why there's going to be a dance Friday night I thought maybe what can we go I mean will you go with me I'd love to even if I did have to ask you myself Captain Grayson power things going all good morning Colonel badly I'd say badly you seem to have the five or six planes spread out here yeah you wouldn't think all this could come from one plane it's a good thing you could make this hangar available to us we seem to need plenty of room yes you do seem to need room I never saw anything like it the less progress we make the more room we need the way your work is divided into teams is quite efficient well that's standard in general my men and I stay here and inspect everything your men who know the countryside are scouring the area of the flight path looking for parts what haven't you found a trace of the propeller and prop gear housing of number two engine we know that trouble must have started there and it's still missing there are details of men combing some of that rough countryside maybe they'll find something keep it up captain if you need more help just let me know the bases of your disposal thank you sir you've given me every bit of help I've asked for usually before I've asked for it I want to see this thing licked as badly as you do captain those were my men in that plane that was one of my aircraft I thought you were a flag Grayson you look more like a storekeeper you want any parts as most of it be 50 here that Grayson the flying junkman if you've got nothing to do you can help otherwise leave me alone I'm busy what is all this junk it's a new collection one of the search parties just came back with a whole truckload of odds and ends and I'm going over them and the colonel said we were all to help what can I do well you can help me check this stuff here hey what's that I'm aluminum off the fuselage that's something no it's got a crease in it wasn't there when the plane was made let's take a look at that what he's so excited for is just a little piece of metal sure it's got a crease in it a lot of things happen to it since it was put on that plane including an explosion and a crash look at this you see it's got the crease there are little bits of paint clinging to that crease yellow paint I've got to find that search party see where they got that Carl Shields this Captain Grayson is there a helicopter available on the base of course what's up well the last materials that came in from a search party there were parts of an engine a cell from the number two engine and there was a piece of fuselage with a crease in it and yellow paint in the crease seems to mean something to you but I don't get it well that yellow paint must have come from a propeller tip so well I talked to the search party that brought the engine to sell in they found it nowhere near where the main wreckage was found I've got a hunch I have a hunch too that your hunch is gonna prove right thanks sir I hope so Lieutenant Mcconnell will take you wherever you want to go you'll be waiting for you with base operations good thank you sir I'll report hello Janet yes who were you expecting just you said you'd call later Janet I'm gonna do a bit of searching I may be back tonight but probably it won't be until tomorrow we still have a date for tomorrow night right of course why not I just wondered are you trying to back out on it I just wanted to let you know that I might not be back until late tomorrow is everything all right oh sure fine well good luck I'll see you tomorrow night all before it's funny said I'd be back I am late but she'd wait I'm sure she'd wait maybe she went on to the dance to wait for me there of course I have to have these findings verified Colonel but you're pretty sure of yourself aren't you now tell me how you found it and what you found well it was that piece of fuselage with the crease and yellow paint on it yes that crease was put there when something hit it and the paint showed what hit it the propeller tips are painted yellow that gave me the clue I'm with you so far well it was the only thing I had to go on if a prop blade had broken off the number two engine and it made that scar in the fuselage it would have set up a severe vibration in the engine breaking fuel and oil lines and starting a fire yes I can see that when they found a piece of the engine the cell nowhere near where most of the wreckage was I got an idea I decided the propeller and gear section must have shaken loose sometime before so I used a helicopter to backtrack on the plane's flight path after a while we spotted the prop one prop blade had broken off near the hub say that was very smart figuring it out that way working out what had happened and where to look for the engine now that I look back on it it seems pretty obvious well captain any problem is simple after we know the answer you'll find that's true of everything I think you did a very good job you didn't get discouraged and you kept plugging away thank you sir but you're wrong I got awfully discouraged and more credit to you we're going to hear more of you thank you sir you will anyway if I can find Janet Janet oh well I think she went to the dance tonight with the captain Billings I believe sorry captain everyone's gone home dancers over about an hour ago did you see Janet Shields around no sir I didn't big crowd here tonight didn't get much chance to talk to any of the people from around the base here well thanks thanks very much well try it once more she isn't home by now Janet where was I didn't you go to the dance with Billings I called a dozen times all I got was a busy signal I thought and I thought Janet hold everything I'll be right over we've solved more than one mystery tonight I got a letter that's all you were literates ever see a letter before another isn't that enough for you that general O'Keefe tells us all what a fine job you did are you worked out of problem and how new orders have been issued on the b50 how they now insist on non-operation of that type of prop for those planes still using that type of prop cut it out well yeah besides being held up as an example to us you get letters from some gal named Janet every day how stupid can a dang get what do you mean she's got more brains in a little finger than all you characters put together I knew there was something wrong with her she keeps the brains in her fingers probably wears a symbol on her little pointed head go on baited where do you catch you give a guy a little pace okay boys dad wants a little quiet now quiet quiet if you won't leave me alone don't die you've been gone for six weeks today it seems like forever dad finally told me what I've been waiting for he's been talking about it but I was afraid to write it to you in case it didn't work out he has to go to Washington for a month or longer I can go with him or go visit my aunt Stella at late hour by my figuring that's within 50 miles of your base I really think I should go for it don't you if all goes well you can start looking for me by the end of next week dad seems very pleased with you he says you should be pleased with yourself knowing that your work is helping to save lives and money he likes you you know thanks after his daughter that way I'm counting the days until I get there all my love generally we hail the officers and men of the flight safety research director that Norton Air Force Base San Bernardino California here's an important word today about your tomorrow there's a future in flight yes for you young men between the ages of 19 and 26 and a half who have completed high school and are otherwise qualified there's an excellent opportunity for a great career in your expanding Air Force you can secure an important job as a pilot navigator radar observer or flight engineer and fly the mighty aircraft of this jet age remember there's a future in flight visit your United States Army and United States Air Force recruiting station for details today this has been another program on proudly we hail presented transcribed in cooperation with the station proudly we hail is produced by the recruiting publicity center for the United States Army and United States Air Force recruiting service this is Kenneth Banghart speaking and inviting you to tune in the same station next week for another interesting story on proudly we hail


Happy National Roller Coaster Day, I'm Taylor and I hope you guys are enjoying a front row seat at all of our top coasters here. Now it's still pretty early in the day so you've got plenty of time to get here and celebrate with us. So if you can't tell from what's behind me and all around me right now, we are at our 2020 Attraction site. So we've heard you guys, we know you have lots of questions about this ride and all we can tell you is that we are going to share so much more with you soon, including right now. So we're going to share an exclusive video with you real quick. Check it out. Hope you guys enjoyed that sneak peek. Now back to your regularly scheduled viewing of Shikra.


Good morning Chevy You want to go outside? And then we're gonna go to daycare It's gonna be a good day Right diesel.  We have fun. Are you? Yeah. Should we go? Oh no Wiener, you gotta stay here. You're too little for daycare. Did someone say daycare? This also is great. We're back in my day. They didn't have daycares. Yes you did.  Go have a nap. All the seniors, just stay at the senior center for the day. Okay, Chevy, you ready? You sure? We can stay home if you want. Dad jokes, you know. Chevy, are we here? We'll play with your friends buddy. Chevy, no? Chevy, do you want to go? Excited. Put the camera down. Let's go inside. He's all excited. All jumping for joy until we get here. And then he's nervous. He wanted to come with us. There's lots of ladies in there today. Oh yeah, I heard him howling. Chevy, come here Chevy.   He's a stud. Well, a fixed stud. Yeah. Just to be clear, we don't breed. Snipped but still equipped. But that's amazing. A little early for motorcycles, don't you think? His face must be cold. There he is. Who's here? Who's here? He's being such a good boy. So now we know that it's Chevy. That's the bad one. It's been Chevy all along. My sister Cheryl dropped by. And it was interesting to see because Chevy's at daycare right now. And I thought diesel was the one that gets all riled up when we have guests come over. He was perfectly fine. A little bit excited but for like 10 seconds. He didn't even realize I was here for like 30, 45 seconds. He was napping. That's amazing. That's a good boy diesel. Yeah, he slowed down a lot. He's maturing. Yeah. Old man, way to. He's a wise old man. Like what a calm interaction that was. Chevy, we should have named him Chaos. Chaos Chevy. Yeah. That would have been a great name for him. He'll get better. He's still got puppy brain. Yeah, he's almost six. Yeah, he'll be six in July. That was like, okay, then maybe not. It's a lab thing though. He is going to our partner. Because he's so good a few minutes after. Yeah, he slows down quick now. He's like the gentle one. Yeah, he is. So, how was day two of daycare? Did you make any girlfriends? Mom. Pretty cool. He's currently the daycare worker in there. Allison just loves him. I mean, who couldn't? Who couldn't? Chaotic Chevy. So he's gone in for a couple of half days now to see how he handles it. And it went really well. So the next time will be a full day. Yeah, because a half day is probably not enough exercise for him still. You want to go home? Go see diesel. The house was a little kind of kind of peaceful. I'm glad to have you here, Chevy. Life was a little bit easier without you. But not nearly as fluffy or loving. Not nearly as good. I'm glad to have you back. He doesn't care. No, he's just looking at the people outside. Hey, chef. Go home. All right, there they are. Tell them all about your day, Chevy. Tell them all about your day. All right, you brought him back, did you? Came back for another whooping, did you? Would we snap it? Weiner. You miss him? Well, I guess so. I just miss mommy. The rest of you can leave. I didn't touch any other dogs, I swear. Who is that? I smell ladies on him. Mama, I think he was with the ladies. You smell that? Chevy. You girlfriends at daycare? Multiple girlfriends? Oh my, Chevy. You play with you. Only one at a time, Chevy. You're respectful of the ladies. All right, let's go inside.  Go on. Like this? Oh, Chevy. Our second curtain came today. So we actually have a set instead of just one. Finishing piece to the bedroom. Just for the wife's approval. They're just much better. A lot less college kid normie. The room is now complete. We have a real room now. A big kid room. Still no old blue. Didn't get her back today yet. So, come here, work on some videos. Maybe work on the shop a bit. For now, this is my setup. Oh, this is ready to go. I'm downloading my editing software onto my old laptop. This is my old one. This is my new one. I'm going to need two computers, I think, to edit my videos now from now on. A little bit of behind the scenes chit chat with you. As you guys know, because I've mentioned it in the last couple of videos, I got a new setup here with a new camera and I'm learning how to use it. I'm actually kind of really thankful for the time I have now at home so that I can figure this all out. It's very different. And when you're used to making videos a certain way, for 12 years. What has it been? 12 years since I started. 10 years since I've been doing what I'm doing now. I sort of get myself into a routine. And now I have to completely not upend it, not completely change it, but there are certain key aspects of the editing process that are different now. The camera I'm using is the Sony a7c. It has steady shot built into it. This is a little bit of behind the scenes shop talk since we're in the shop that I wouldn't usually bother sharing with you guys, because not all of you care about what cameras I'm using. You just want to see the video. Since this is what I'm dealing with right now and this is a vlog of my life and I'm trying to share with you everything that's going on. This is the biggest thing that's been going on. It'll take me a little while to get used to this. With this software or with this camera, the steady shot that's built into it isn't really that great. The picture is amazing. The camera is amazing. I have a Tamron 17 to 28mm lens on it right now. It's amazing. This is a really wide angle shot and there's a reason why I bought this lens that came recommended by other vloggers on YouTube that I watched and I'll explain why. When I put my software onto the computer since it's still pretty shaky it's very difficult for you the viewer to watch shaky footage. I know you've probably seen some of it maybe on other channels, maybe even some on my channel. It's very hard to focus. It can give you a headache.  Right? So my goal is to create some smooth footage. That's why I got the gimbal. I have a crane M2S gimbal that I can use with this camera as well. But it's a little bit bulky and I can't always have it with me. I can't always carry it around everywhere. So I just point and shoot with this camera and the lens. But then when I'm editing it to get rid of all of that shake I put it into the Sony Catalyst Prepare software. I put it into this software it has this gyro data inside the camera which records all the movements of the camera as I'm moving it around. So the camera is still shaking around it's just remembering exactly every little movement that I've made. It stores that data and when I put it into the software it completely stabilizes the whole clip. All my clips you've seen that are so stable I should show you the original sometime. Sometimes the original, especially when Brits like when I'm in the passenger seat and I was talking to Brits we're kind of on the road, everything's kind of shaky but after I put it through the software it's amazing the technology it's just completely smooth. But it's an extra step that adds about an extra hour to my editing process every day. So it's uh it slows that down a little bit. It's a good thing these videos are behind a little bit so I can take my time putting them together and you don't really even notice the lag on your end. But I put it into my program and what it does is remember I was talking about this Tamron lens at the wide angle it's actually capturing a lot more than you're seeing right now because I run this through my software you'll maybe see more of it now because I have you in a fixed position but when I'm walking around you'll see that the corners get cropped in quite a bit and that's how it stabilizes it it takes all the gyro data of all the movements of the camera smooths it out at the expense of the frame size so it'll crop in the frame so maybe you can see my hands right now as I'm stretching them out but if I was walking around it might look more like this instead I might look closer to the camera it cuts out the edges but it's very handy the thing is it adds an extra hour every day onto what I do no big deal right I just have to plan ahead and time management right that's why I'm thinking of bringing my old computer here my old Acer out of retirement and I'm thinking at the end of my day I put all of my clips onto my old computer and I put it through my software and through cattle's prepare completely stabilizes everything let it do its thing overnight the next day take that stabilized footage transfer it onto my new Acer the one that I do all my editing on it's a lot faster a lot better a little bit more sleek they both have the oh where did the underglow go here this one doesn't have the underglow it does have the light up keys though this one has the underglow here so this is the new one this is the old one this is what I'm going to get my software ready for do my post production on here and then move it onto here where I can edit it with my high speed laptop even though this one is pretty high speed they're both really good laptops both Acer's have I been saying Acer come on Josh ASUS my bad I'm sorry I'm an ASUS fan big difference big difference sorry so sorry may the ASUS gods forgive me but yeah so get the footage ready to edit on here transfer it onto here edit it and render it here and upload it from here to YouTube so you can see it so is it a big pain in my butt not really because I don't see it that way I love making these videos that's why I keep doing it every day and I love that I have new technology to work with now I love seeing how things progress and how things get better in terms of technology this camera is amazing and it's been a dream of mine to have for a long time and so what it adds a little bit of time every day onto my editing process for me the quality of the shots and the quality of the video makes it worth it and plus all of your comments every day, every like that you leave every view every time you stop in and just watch a trucker jock vlog that's what makes it worth it for me I love sharing things with you guys and I love that you guys enjoy what I make for you or I love when you enjoy it I know you probably not all of my vlogs are at the same level some days I have more time to invest into them than others and I'll be honest I'll be honest sometimes they're 100% sometimes they're 120% but I always try to give 100% at least if you like it, I appreciate when you give a thumbs up and you leave me a comment down below just like every other YouTuber the reason us YouTubers always ask you to hit that like button and leave a comment down below if you're wondering if no one's ever explained it to you before is it helps us out a lot with the algorithm when YouTube sees that a lot of people are hitting those thumbs up button it'll say, oh, people like this video I'm gonna push it out to more people, to new people so that's the easiest and free way you can help me just by hitting that like button it tells YouTube that, hey, I liked this maybe someone also liked it too so YouTube will send it out to other people that don't follow me and say, hey, maybe you'll like this guy hey, look at all these people who hit the thumbs up button maybe you'll like it too same thing with comments when YouTube sees, oh, there's a whole bunch of comments and a whole bunch of interaction on this video it must be something people want to talk about let's share it with more people don't follow this channel and who aren't subscribed because obviously this channel is, you know, attracting a lot of comments that's why us YouTubers always ask hit that like button comment down below it's an easy way for you to support us if you do like what we do and you want to see more of it and it's free so you can actually help me grow my channel for free so that's why I always say that now you know for the future so I've run into a bit of a snag my old computer isn't going to handle the software that I need to render the videos and to stabilize them and that's the reason I stopped using it in the first place because it became outdated my software and programs that I used to edit my videos didn't even work on my old computer anymore and it caused it just to crash every time I tried to upload a video that's why I had to make a last-minute journey in a rush trip into Winnipeg several months ago to buy the new computer there was a reason we retired you we're going to have to stick with this one I should have known but I was kind of hopeful having two computers would just you know while one computer is doing one thing I can do something else on the other you know it's just twice as fast that way but it isn't what it is all I need is one computer I guess I was trying to be extra fancy turns out I'm just a little bit fancy staying your lane, Josh staying your lane well it really is too bad oh well oh well I could have saved some time but I guess not everything in this world is about speed you know at work everything is about getting there as quickly as you legally can not wasting any time proper time management is still important don't get me wrong but yeah this is going to take a little bit longer everyday to put these videos together for you I think it's worth it so I'm not going to complain about that I think it's completely worth it I don't mind at all I was trying to cut some corners and I should have known better that's not going to work no cutting corners if you want to do something right you got to do it right no cheating though having another computer wouldn't really be cheating Josh you don't need two high powered computers you already have one high powered computer you don't need two but it'd be nice but I don't need two so back at home we are testing out this little swing that we got from Brett's sister anti-jazz need to click this thing on right here look at that magic that's the lowest setting just enough to get a little bit but if you got some kind of wild kid that just wants to crank it right up give it a second there it goes go to town very exciting I kind of want to sit in it I don't think you'd sit for very long Brett won't let me


Ac y cwyrd yn ym mhobol, yn ddiff rhywbeth ym mherau. Byddwn, mae'n rhan o'r rhan o pethwch yn y fidei, rhai fod i'r 3 rhan sy'n cymryd gyntafol am y clubhofol yn gwyfodol.  Felly mae'n dweud yn gweithio'r mae'n gwybodaeth. Mae'r fan yw'r chyfnod yn wahanol ar yw hefyd, mae'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio. Mae'n pethau i'r maeweithio'r mae'n gweithio'r pan hynny. Mae'n gweithio'r pethau. Mae'n gweithio'r bobl yn gweithio'r bobl iddo. Mae'n gweithio'r bobl yn gweld ei wneud oherwydd, rhan o'i gwneud ei hun yn ei gwneud yma, oherwydd yn october. Mae gennym eu gwneud ei wneud y gwerthoedd. o'r gwaith ar gyflwysgol, rwy'n gweithio'r ystyried i'r ddigwyd o'r ystod o'r gweithio'r bod yna gweithio'r ystod o'r ystod o'r ddigwyd. Ond o'n ddweud o'r ddwyf yn ffanna, rwy'n gweithio'r gweithio'n gwahanol, Byddwn i'r enthysgau o gyflwysgol i'r gweithio, ym gyflwysgol i'r ddigwyd yn fwy o'r ddigwyd ac i'r ddigwyd. Mae'r cymdeithasol o'ch fydd o'r gweithio. Ymgyrchu'r gwaith yng Nghymru yn gweithio, cydwyr y gallwn ymlaen, yn ymlaen i gyrfa'r ymdwyr o'r paru euro pro tour. Rwy'n hynny'n ddyn o'r cydwyr i'r ymdweithio a'r cyfnod o'r cyfnod. Rydyn ni ddyn ni'n ddyn ni, ac yma'n ddyn ni'n ddyn ni'n ddyn ni'n gweithio'r cyfrannu. Felly rydyn ni ar gyfer gyfnod Ceadgol. Andy, ydych chi'n ddweud i'n bwysig o hyfforddiad o'r cyffredinol, yn ganweithio i chi'n ffordd o'r gafryd ar gael yn y dyfodol. Mae cyfan yn gwybod a'r gafryd, nid gweithio ar ddefnyddio, mae ydych chi'n dweud prydau i bobl yn ymgyrch, mae ydych chi'n eu colladau iddo yn gengyrchol y prif yma, ac mae'r cyffredinol yn hynny yn ei ddaeth yn ymgyrch. Ymgyrchol yng ngyroedd o'u cyffredinol i'r cyffredinol, i wneud gan y gwasanaeth, o lydych o difgrinol, so wrth fy modau sydd hynny yn fydden nhw'n gweithio'r wathgrifedd yw'r eistedd. Mae wnawn yn mynd i gael ei ddigon cyngor yn cyfweld ar rylwn gwaith a fydd yn gallu bod r prosthau yn hynny. Rhyw unrhyw y gweithio gwybod yr amser wrth fy modd maen nhw yn gweithio gwybod yn cyfrifyddiad ym�s. Rwy'n credu bod o wnaeth yr arweius o unrhyw y gwybod gan y canol YouTube cobl ochon ffordd wedi chi'n gweld cyngorais. That's really who we want to talk to. We're really keen to find out what are thinking about what you think about what we're doing, moving forward and we're looking forward to working closely with Andy with a few little promotions.  Keep a look out for seed. I'm sure you'll be doing some stuff recently and we're looking forward to working with you. So I really do hope you support everyone of the people that I mentioned in this video and I do hope that you go out there and buy some seed balls, give them a go. I'm really impressed, first and foremost for me, I really love their product and I'm sure you will do too, but anyway that's number one, but who's next in terms of supporting the average golfer moving forward this year? I'm playing the 13th hold at Conway Golf Club by the way, that's not a bad pot, but don't come up short when the pins are the back on this hole. Anyway, next one up is, it's no great surprise again for those who watch the channel. Fogolff Chester are going to be an official partner again moving forward for the next 12 months. It's a fantastic facility and a fantastic team. It's even better for me now because Lewis has joined the team there at Fogolff as well, so more opportunities to work with him on the club testing. But right from day one I've been with them now for about 18 months using their custom bay facilities. They've given me access to absolutely everything, they've been very very supportive indeed and a quick word from James, one of the directors at Fogolff to give you a little bit of an idea of how and why he works with the average golfer. Right okay so I'm joined here by James at Fogolff Chester in a backdrop. First of all James I want to say thanks on a personal note for supporting the channel, but you're not supported the channel going forward, you've been involved for about 18 months. Yeah since about four and a half thousand subs was it? I think that's where I was at, yeah. I sort of kept it all very quiet from a lot of people I've known because I've known James and everybody at Fogolff for a long 15 years. 20 years I think isn't it, something like that? Right so I used to come in here, still come in here when I was doing a few of these videos, kept it very quiet, was a little embarrassed about what I did. Then for whatever reason we found out and we got the opportunity to sort of work together. So how does it work for Fogolff then? What kind of promotion do you get from in all? From our point of view for yourself, your videos we think are very very good. It makes our centre look quite impressive when you're doing the videos, but most importantly for us it's the honesty that you bring in your reviews and that really does come across in the videos and it makes us look really really good. So thank you for that. But now to be fair I mean I think everyone sees the facility every week that I film from this Fitbait, it's a great setup down here at Fogolff Chester. I just really like I said thanks again and I look forward to what we can do moving forward in the next, in the years ahead when I'm an old man. When I'm an old subscriber and well you're an old man already but thanks for that Jim. No problem. Right so that's the second one in for Fogolff and again just to say a massive thanks to them. It's great to work with a team that as supportive as they are of the average golfer. So we've got one more announcement to make. Right I'm sorry to interrupt but I've got to announce a winner of our competition. That was supported by Glencore Golf and again a keen support for this channel over the last couple of years so also thanks to them while I'm at it. They sponsored a prize in association with Now Hotels. I think it's a South Raphael apartments over in Albafera. It's three nights there, two rounds of golf. To enter you had to comment on a video that we filmed here at Conway Golf. Go back to see six weeks ago it was the PXG video. 690 odd people I think entered. I did a draw off camera and we've got two winners and two winners well we've got a winner and we've got a first reserve just in case the winner of this can't make it. So the winner is somebody who goes by the name of Bandit Baker. That's their account name obviously on YouTube. I don't know your personal name. I do know your comment quite a lot on the video so I'm really pleased actually that you've won. And in second place was again somebody who comments quite a lot is someone I love my beard. No idea obviously your names your personal names. So what'll happen is Bandit Baker you are the winner. If whatever reason you can't make the trip then it'll pass over to I love my beard. So once again thank you to Glencore Golf thanks for all of your entering. If you can send me some details both those two people email address flashing on the bottom now and we'll make some contact putting in touch with Glencore Golf and get that trip sorted so well done. Anyway enough of that back to the big reveal. Right so enough of the golf the question you all want answering is which golf club is partnering with the average golfer and it's this one. It's the final one the club deal the one that you were all waiting for and obviously one that you all thought was going to be some manufacturer but no I ain't the case. I've already said it I'll never do anything with a manufacturer in that sense and it's bigger than that for me it's more important it's I'm really honoured the fact that a golf club has supported the average golfer in this way but more so the fact that it's a golf club of this stature Conway Golf Club. I've been coming here for I don't know 25 30 years and never did I think that I would be associated with them in any way shape or form so I'm really pleased I'm really proud and again I'm really grateful for all the support that everyone has given this has not been an overnight thing as you well know for people who've watched for quite some time it's been a long time coming and what I want to do I'll be filming all the on-course stuff here as I've said it'll be in the backdrop I just want you to come and visit and play Conway Golf Club but just here's a quick word anyway from general manager Matt Parsley or I spoke to earlier. Right I'm delighted to be joined by Matt Parsley who's general manager at Conway Golf Club and first of all I just want to say on a personal level a massive thanks for getting involved but also on behalf of Golf YouTube Golf social media in general because I've got a funny feeling that a lot of clubs might follow your lead you the first club to partner with a social media guy like me so what's the logic behind it why did you feel that was a good idea well we feel social media is a huge part of our marketing plan going forwards we feel it's a great way to showcase what we have to offer at Conway we've got new facilities we've got new facilities in the golf club in terms of locker rooms we've got improved practice facilities and improved standards out on the golf course so being in partnership with you by you being our social media partner we feel that we've got a great opportunity to get what we've got on offer at Conway out to your followers and out to the social media and the YouTube channel followers who may be not been to Conway before and don't know much about us and it's an ideal opportunities for us to to tap into that market I think it's I mean that's exactly what I hope to do in the month ahead so all my product testing on course product testing will be filmed at Conway you'll see every inch of it with some of the drives that I eat and we'll show it it's hard to not show in a good light it's a fantastic golf course and I hope that many of you watch the videos that we do in the month ahead and come along and have a game yourself so once again thanks very much just a note Matt's a professional golfer you're going to get out on the channel at some point mate we'll have a match but thanks very much really appreciate it no problem so Matt pretty much says it all there as far as Conway golf club and like I said I can't wait to start working I'm actually filming a video here this afternoon but just in general overall what's happening in terms of seed for golf and Conway golf club it's a massive thing for me in terms of being able to move the channel forward it gives me loads of stability now in terms of the club testing at four golf all the on course stuff now access to Conway golf club in this fantastic facility and then the support seed again who are basically I'm real believe it in their product first and foremost and it's great to have the belief from them as well so like I said I can't wait to move forward with these three brands working alongside them plenty more of Lewis on the channel as well moving forward so I just feel like we've got a real stable situation right now and I'm loving the content that we're creating I hope it gets better and better along the way but the biggest thank you like I said apart from the three people apart who've decided to partner up is everybody who watches and support the videos along this last couple of years so as ever thank you for watching comments down below and I'll see you soon


Dear students, today we are going to discuss the lecture number 4 of the database management system course. Before starting today's lecture, let us review the previous lecture briefly. In the last lecture, we were discussing the three-level architecture of the database and out of three levels, we have discussed two. We discussed the external schema and the conceptual schema and we saw different examples where we saw the relationship between these two schemas and how do we get different views from the same conceptual schema. Today we will proceed with this discussion and we will discuss the internal schema. So let us start our lecture today. This is a review of today's lecture. Today we are going to discuss the three-level architecture. Then we will discuss the data independence and finally we will discuss different aspects of the database management system. Internal or physical view. Before discussing this view, let me give you a brief explanation. Generally, there is one thing that is required from the internal and physical level. When you do general discussion, you need to give the internal level or the internal view and give the physical view the same thing. But in your mind, there should be a little difference. So although you both will take the same, but I will discuss the difference with you today. The physical or internal schema is related to the actual representation of the data. The actual representation is the representation of the data on the disk. From here, we can see that the way the data is seen on the screen and the way it is stored on the disk, there is a difference. You may know that the things stored on the disk are stored in binary format. For example, the characters in English, figures, diagrams, or even in Urdu are converted to the form that is seen on the screen. Today we are going to look at the physical level of the database. The physical level is what it means and what happens there. In the internal view, the DBMS selects how the data is actually represented. This means that when you have defined a conceptual view, it is the format in which you actually want to store the data in the database. Now the thing is that there are different possibilities of storing the same thing into the computer or onto the disk. Here, based on different criteria, or sometimes the guidelines given by the DBA, the DBMS selects which format the data should be stored in in different possibilities. Another thing is that when we define things on a conceptual view, in the physical level, the DBMS also adds some other things. What are those things? This is not the concern of the common user. Because those things are required by the DBMS itself in order to access the data, to store the data, and to perform different processing on the data. So that is why they are not of much concern for the user of the database. But anyway, to complete the concepts of our understanding, we will definitely look at the type of data that goes to the physical level and adds to the DBMS data. Let us move on. What is ahead? In this, the DBMS itself plays the role of the DBMS. The internal level or the physical level is the concern of the DBMS. But in this, the interaction of the DBMS is with the operating system. Because the operating system is at a layer that is lower than the DBMS. And DBMS is the advantage of using the operating system of the operating system, that the devices that are being used, whether it is a disk, whether it is a printer, or any other device, to control it, to handle it, it does not have the responsibility of the DBMS. In fact, the DBMS uses the operating system as a facility. So here, on the lower level of the DBMS, it is associated with the operating system. As I told you, as general discussion, we will take the internal view and the physical view the same. But where I go to their difference, I will just talk about the internal view. The internal view is the level that the DBMS itself manages. That is, the formatting of the data up to the internal view is the responsibility of the DBMS. After that, that is the physical view. And mind it, the physical view is not included in the three-level architecture. In the three-level architecture, strictly speaking, our relationship, or the architecture relationship, is only up to the internal level. And the DBMS is only the internal level, conceptual level, and the external level is responsible or takes care of them. When we talk about the physical level, what it means is that in the 0-1 language, that is, in the binary language, the data stored practically on disk, that is not concerned of even the DBMS. That means that the internal level that is recorded, after preparing it, the DBMS that will hand over that record to the operating system. Obviously along with the appropriate guidelines, appropriate directions. And according to those directions, according to those commands, according to those guidelines, the operating system will practically store that data or that record on disk. So here it says internal record, a single stored record, that is, the final format of the record in which the record will be stored. And as I have just said, the data that we see at the conceptual level, the data at the internal level, it would be different. Why? Because the DBMS will add certain things into that record, and the record at that level will be called internal record. As I have just said, it will not only be the same thing that we see at the conceptual level, but it will also include some other data. As it is written here, that usually it is the same thing that we have given at the internal level. What happens is that it goes to the physical level, and the operating system converts the internal level of the record into binary format in order to finally place it on the disk or any storey device. It is the responsibility of the operating system.  The conceptual view is the view that your DBA is seeing and this provides a basis for all the external views. Second, we say that this is the view of the whole organization. Rather, this conceptual view represents the database structure of the entire organization. It is below that of the internal level. The data that we have defined on the conceptual scheme and some other data that DBMS has added to it becomes your internal level. These three are the levels that are included in the three-level architecture. The physical level is below that of DBMS. It will handover to the operating system and the operating system prepares the physical layer and stores it on the disk. Now, there are three levels that we have. We have seen external, conceptual and internal. Now, we have seen how the link between these two is established. For example, as we have seen in the example that the store is a date but we are seeing that you can see the age there. This means that there is some conversion involved. Where is the conversion? How is it happening? Let's see in the next slide. The link between these two levels is established and maintained through inter-schema or inter-level mapping. For example, what happens in this mapping is that the data items of one level are linked and related to the other levels. For example, we are seeing age but age is not such a store but it is coming from an attribute from a property, date of birth. Basically, the date of birth is being accessed from the database. That is being converted. There is a formula applied and a calculation is being done. After that, we have age. This means that we have an external view on the external level and between the conceptual level, there is some link, there is some mapping. That is why we call it internal, inter-level or inter-schema mapping. Similarly, we have an attribute on the conceptual level and in that record, on the internal level, we have an attribute of a record. When you talk about the internal level, we have a complete record. In that record, every attribute has a physical position. The physical position is not so important on the conceptual scheme but it is on the internal scheme. Because a record is made in different houses. And every house has a value of an attribute. So, you have to relate the attribute on the conceptual scheme so that when we take the practical value, we will take the record from which house, which block and place it in that attribute. This means that we have also a mapping between the conceptual level or conceptual scheme and the internal scheme. This means that, as you can see on the screen, we have two types of mapping. One is external conceptual mapping and the other is conceptual and internal mapping. You also get to know about these two mappings and what is their purpose and use. Let's move on to the next slide. External conceptual mapping creates links between the things on the external level and the conceptual level. Similarly, the conceptual and internal mapping creates links between the things on the conceptual level and the internal level. Now, we will look at the three-level architecture again and we will see what are the new components added to it. This is the same diagram that we have already seen. You can see that you can see the three levels. The physical data organization on the bottom-most level, as I said earlier, this is not the concern of the DBMS and it is not included in the three-level architecture. Here, it is just shown for the sake of completion so that you can see that the data that is practically stored is stored on the internal level, the third level on the bottom-most level and that is being controlled by the operating system. These two are external conceptual mapping and conceptual internal mapping. Now, they are also being shown as a part of the three-level architecture. On this slide, what I am showing you is that what you have just read is that the three-level architecture will explain this slide in the form of data. We have the same pranae user Selima and her pranae views. By the way, there is no screen in it. You can see the data. You can see that Selima has its own view and Selim has its own view. You can see this shaded block. Basically, this is representing the mapping, the inter schema mapping. Here, what we have on the conceptual level is that the data that we are seeing is in the form of a table. It is in the form of a table. It is in a proper organized form. Again, the block that we are seeing is inter schema mapping. This is the block that we are seeing. This is a form of an internal record. What you are seeing is that the record is arranged in the form of a block. It is necessary to form it in the form of a block and the size of the record that the computer or the operating system practically reads or writes on the disk. So, that operation is not performed in the form of a single record. Rather, the operating system for its efficiency purposes or due to other reasons is written in the form of a block or read on the disk. Now, it is possible that your one record is very small. So, what happens is that in one block, multiple records are gathered and when the record of the size of the block is gathered to be written, then the operating system sends the entire block to the disk or the device. So, if you look at the screen, the B.H. Simrod is the block header. This is the thing that we mentioned before that DBMS adds some things adds few data in the data that we see at the conceptual level and that data is used basically DBMS itself for the processing. Now, here it is a record header. This is also added in it. These are some examples. In addition, there are some other things that can be added in DBMS and it has prepared a record of an internal level. Now, this thing, this data will be handed over to the operating system by the DBMS with appropriate instructions to store it, which organization to store it. When this command is given to the operating system, then it will be there in this format. Now, here you see the same data that you had before in a meaningful state which was in the form of normal characters or digits, now that has been converted into the binary format. This is basically performed by the operating system. When your internal level data, the records, the block, when it has been converted into binary, now this will be finally returned to the storage device. And when you start reading it, if you read the inverse process, then your binary format will give the operating system DBMS at the internal level. DBMS will convert it into an internal record, into an internal format. After that, after reading it, after converting it, it will display at that level that we are seeing at the conceptual level. And from here, that data will be transformed through inter-schema mapping. And it will be seen from that that your users are seeing Selima and Selim on the screen. Dear students, three-level architecture is a very important topic of the database. And it is the topic that I consider that I declare as the basic topics. And I suggest you that you pay proper attention to this topic. And all of you should be clear about this. From this, you will be able to understand the database course. And in general, using the database, designing it, implementing it, it will be very easy. After this, the topic we are going to discuss is data independence. Data independence is one of the big advantages of the database approach. One thing. And secondly, it is an outcome of the three-level schema architecture. Hence, data independence should be clear understanding. The biggest benefit from this is that you will be properly able to compare the file processing approach and the database approach. Or you will be able to understand the advantages of the database approach properly. So again, this is one of the basic topics. So let's start with data independence. Again, a major outcome of three-level architecture. I must tell you one thing here, that data independence generally is taken in two meanings. It is given in two meanings. We will discuss those two meanings here. The first one is written in front of you right now. The immunity of applications to change in storage structure and access strategy. What does this mean? It means that your application programs will be preserved with that effect if the DBMS changes in storage structure and access strategy. This is what we have discussed as program data independence. You will remember that in the file processing environment we studied there was a drawback that program and data were interdependent. And we said that the database approach is independent from the program and data. This is the same thing. If you have to change, if you have to make some change in the data, your application program will not have that effect. Dear students, this is a very important thing. Because as I have already said that changing in the schema is a very serious thing. Because when you have developed a database system, you have implemented it and the data has been populated into the database and there are many applications that are running there. After that if something changes in the data structure in the schema, it may prove even fatal. Because what your application is running from earlier, there may be a problem. What could be the problem? That it will stop running. It will start giving an error. And mind it, in a developed system, in a developed database system, if the application starts giving an error like this due to any change, then it will be difficult for you to follow that sequence. Because in a big developed system, it is not so easy to guess that a change could have an effect. Although with the proper documentation, you can keep an account of the link between the things. Yes. But then if you change it, then you will change it strategically along with the measurements. But then I will tell you again that in a developed system, where the database is popular, changing it can be a very heavy activity. So, when we talk about data independence, which is an advantage of three-level architecture, in that, data and program become independent. So, you can change it in the data, you can change it in its structure. And the fun part is that the application program will have no difference. And that is a great achievement for the database approach. This is the second perspective of the data independence. Or within this course, whenever we talk about data independence, this will be the perspective. The first one is not wrong. But generally, we mean by the data independence this aspect. In this, changes in the lower level do not affect the upper levels. Here, the three levels the levels of the three-level architecture. We say that if you change the lower levels, then the effect will not be on the higher levels. If you change it on the internal level, then the effect will not be on the conceptual level. And similarly, if you change it on the conceptual level, then the effect will not be on the external level. This is what is meant by data independence. Dear students, there are two precautions here. The first thing is when you define the data independence, then you define it that there is no effect of the change on the higher level that we made in the lower level. Or you say that the immunity of the higher levels on the changes in the lower level. But mind it. Do not understand that any change will not affect it. So you have to be careful. You have to be clear about what do we mean by this. The second thing is mind the direction as well. When we talk about this definition, we said that changes at the lower level have no effect at the higher levels. Changes at the higher level do not affect the lower level. No. In fact, the effect on the lower level is not on the higher levels. Look, one thing is that I have repeatedly said that the change in the scheme is a very serious thing. Now, why don't we say that the external level on the lower level or the external level will be affected by that. So, at the external level we do not allow to make any change in the schema. Mind it. I am talking about the schema. The external level is the concern of the end user. And you do not allow to make any change in the schema to the external users. The external users through the external view access and process the data. But defining the schema is not the job of the external user or end user. That is the job of the DBA or designer. So, you need to define the data independence as bottom to up. Low level changes affect the upper level changes. One thing is that you need to define the direction. The second thing is that we cannot say that as a result of data independence your higher levels are immune to all types of changes. They are saved from all types of changes. This is not possible even. We will see this in the next slide. When we look at the example of changes I will explain to you what this means. There are two types of data independence. Logical data independence and physical data independence. Let us see what do they mean. We can define this in two ways. These are the two definitions. The general definition of data independence you can convert it in logical data independence and in physical data independence. The difference is that now you name the levels and you say changes in the conceptual model do not affect the external views just you can say immunity of external level from changes at the conceptual level. Again caution changes of a certain level of certain type. You cannot say that no, let us see the example. Here are different examples of the types of changes that we can make at the conceptual level. For example, you can see adding a new file or index etc. Index may be you are not able to understand what do you mean by index but later you will be inshallah. Now you have developed implemented, populated now there arises a need that we define in our data let us take any file that is present we want to add another file in that database now because of data independence its beauty is that all your applications were running no one will know that another file has been added this is only due to the data independence similarly adding a new field in a file that you said that we have stored the employee's data and you did not have a data store in that file now let us say for a particular reason you need to know the number of children of every employee in that case you need to add a new field so you have added this field the beauty of the data independence is that of the three level architecture that your existing applications were running and there could be tens of them even hundreds of them they will run like before no one will care that you have actually added a new field in your database similarly you want to change the type of attribute first you did it let us say number string similarly you want to change the size of an attribute you defined the attribute name as of length 20 before and now you need to redefine it as 25 there would be no effect on the already existing applications beauty of the data independence and obviously of the three level architecture now deleting an attribute this is serious where I mean you cannot say that you can change any on the conceptual level on the external level no, why? because when you are deleting an attribute from the conceptual level there could be tens of applications that are somehow related to that attribute someone is reading it someone is using some calculation some application is printing it so if you delete an attribute at the conceptual level all the applications that were accessing that attribute when that application run now due to inter-schema mapping the attributes at the external level they will try to be connected with the attribute at the conceptual level that you have deleted the attribute at the conceptual level error those applications will fail now although the data independence it provides you if you make a change at the conceptual level due to the logical data independence the effect will not be on the external level but mind it the vast changes can still be effected for example you can say if you have to define the conceptual or logical data independence you can define there will be no unnecessary effect on the external level of the changes at the conceptual level let us move forward this is the second type of data independence that is physical data independence and these two definitions can be derived from the previous definitions as you can see changes in the internal model do not affect the conceptual model or immunity of the conceptual level from the changes at the internal level but again certain type of changes will still be effected on the conceptual level let us see some examples for example changing file organization the file organization can change dbms itself due to certain reasons may be efficiency or may be on the direction of the dba dbms will change the file organization similarly indexes or index files have different strategies like here I will give examples of hash trees you can implement the index when you can change the strategy of index or first change your storage medium change the size of hard disk change the type of hard disk you make these changes at the conceptual level there will be no effect of these changes and obviously if you give an attribute to the internal level then you cannot expect that effect obviously it will be effected on the conceptual level and when it is on the conceptual level then it will be transferred to the external level as well I hope you have seen the data independence on this screen here I am showing you three level architecture and this time for you the stage at which we are getting the conceptual and the stage at which we are getting physical data independence we have shown in both of them and mind it the type of data independence they are basically provided they are provided using the external conceptual mapping or using the conceptual internal mapping the changes that you make at any level they are at maximum adjusted within these mappings so in this way the three level architecture provides data independence Dear students our three level architecture discussion has been completed and I hope you have understood the three level architecture and the different levels have links and the three level architecture advantages you will understand this when you will use the databases when you will define the data on different levels then you will have three level architecture so let's go to the next topic the functions of dbms I have told you briefly that dbms performs two major functions one is managing the users and other is managing the data so in this slide or in the next slides we are discussing the functions of dbms in a little detail the objective of this is to understand what is the role of dbms and what are the links in database and dbms apart from this the major types of dbms and we will use some of them we will discuss about them so that you can understand more about dbms let's start first is data processing data processing means that the dbms does different operations as you have understood what does it mean right from starting the creation of data then putting the data into the database then arranging data in different forms then accessing the data placing it at different output devices all these activities are processing of data and all these activities perform dbms after that this is the responsibility of the dbms to maintain a user accessible catalog what is it catalog is a place in which all the information is stored when we talk about the scheme we have talked about the scheme of different levels all those schemes are available in catalog all the users are available in catalog the catalog is about the architecture and a lot of information about which you will be able to understand what is happening in catalog all that is stored in the catalog along with this especially the relational databases about which you will learn along with that a requirement or condition on dbms it is also imposed that these catalogs should be accessible to the users as well obviously there are two things when we talk about the user we do not mean by it the end user because the end user is not that technically strong that they can understand how to use catalog and the second thing is that you give them the right to access the catalog because again catalog means the structure of the database and that is serious that is intention if you don't allow the naive user to access when we talk about catalog generally the catalog is the dba or maybe in some cases your sophisticated user because they are placed at the higher position in the organization they usually have this authorization but on the other hand the kind of management or sophisticated user they are not familiar with the catalog structure therefore they don't use the catalog generally what they use is dba but the dbms has to provide the access to the catalog after that transaction support transaction is a unit which is called a work any work it can be anything it depends on the system how you define a work a transaction so dbms should give the support to declare a work that this is a transaction so dbms should do special operations take care of it what are the operations we will read later but it is enough to know what it provides then there is concurrency control services we have already read that multiple users access the database at the same time so we have also read that this is a very sensitive it is a very technical thing this is very nice this is very sweet that you are providing concurrent access but you have to be careful because it is inconsistent so dbms gives concurrent access but should also provide proper control next slide recovery services if by chance your database fails so dbms should have this feature that when you turn it on it will bring the database how? we will read it later but it is enough to know after that authorization services from the database only those who can access the database can access it and only those who are allowed this is called authorization services then there is support for data communication if if you want to communicate over a network then in that case that facility should be in dbms so that it can communicate over any medium then there is integrity services integrity services are that you place different checks on that so this should be the responsibility of the dbms that it takes care of those checks that is if you say we have in that record we have to keep the department's name so the name of the department should come there which is legal that is in that organization the department that is there should be the same department for the employee for example in an organization there is no public relationship department and when we see the data of an employee the department is written as the public relations so this means that the integrity of the data is not right so the responsibility of dbms is that the integrity checks that guarantee the correctness of the data should be provided to the community in these two slides we have discussed the general functions of dbms and the one that you will read later on we are going to discuss the different type of dbms so let's see Dear students we use dbms in different environments in different situations we can divide them one category is single user database management system environment and the other category is multi user dbms environment what is meant by single user dbms environment this means that when dbms is only one user who is accessing it is not about accessing because it can be that the environment is for multiple users but sometimes only a single user is accessing the database dbms this is a single user environment such environment can only support a single user at a time normally we call it desktop dbms also when you run dbms the database you will run the database you will use only one user at a time even if 10 people come to the computer in different situations or use dbms or use the database that is a different thing dbms the single user environment can record 10 people or use the database but the thing is at a time at a time the single user will be using it so this is called a single user dbms environment obviously the country is a multi user dbms environment in this we have different types of environments come and see which environments first is tele processing environment this was in the beginning in the start days of the dbms it was not that easy to use second is file servers still this is not being much used nowadays and third is client server is that environment that is being generally used nowadays in a multi user dbms environment so let us see what is the meaning of this and we will discuss it briefly this slide is showing you a tele processing environment in between this this is the machine on which basically dbms is running and the which are attached to it they are terminals and rather they are dumb terminals the meaning of dumb terminals is that there is no processing they are only used for seeing the results or typing something all the processing which is running from dbms on the computer or even in terminals the application that you are seeing or running they are also running at the central computer the mass processing the database general application run all of that is on the central computer and that is basically sent the output is sent to the terminal and terminal just displays it that this environment puts a lot of burden on the central computer because in this you are only seeing 3 terminals in dbms environment there can be many terminals so if a single computer is handling the processing of all those terminals then obviously there is too much load on that single computer so either this computer should be very heavy fast but as fast as it is doing so many applications it naturally slows down so this was the environment which was used in the early days of the dbms environment as popular now this is not that much used let us see what is ahead this is a file servers environment the special thing about this environment is that it is normally established on a local area network or for now it is established on a network so data management the data storage that was the responsibility of the file server but the first terminal that you had was workstations and workstations were also proper computers and every workstation was running a dbms so this means that a local copy of dbms is running on all the workstations now whenever a user needs a database the user will send that query from the workstation to the basic file server the file server is managing the database the major characteristic of this approach was that whenever a workstation request for some data rather than sending only that data the complete file was sent to the workstation because workstations are running dbms by themselves so it is just that the file server is managing the storage all the database all the files in the database they are being stored at a central place but there is no processing processing is done at the workstation if you need some data instead of that you just get the same data which you need the entire file for example you have 10,000 employees now in your database 10,000 employees are stored you need one employee in the file server environment you will send a request to the file server and file server will transfer the entire employee file all the records will be sent to the workstation wherever you come that query that application will run on this file and they will see and the interesting thing is if you want to make some change in the data do you want to read the data do you want to see how many working hours of the employee in this situation you just want to read the data when you apply for the data the entire file server you just saw the data and that is it but first if you want to change you want to change a single record first you said the scale of the employee was in grade 3 grade 4 so what will happen all these 10,000 records will move to the workstation you will change one record and then all these 10,000 records will go back so this means although your file server the file server is not that busy as it used to be in the tele-processing environment the problem here your network is now overburdened that means the network is so much because the files are being transferred so this was a feature of this environment let's see the next environment this is client server environment in this you have a server machine and you have clients the client your front-end or your application program so whenever you want to access some data so first the syntax of that query whether it is correct or not will be checked on your local machine and after that your request will go to your server server is the machine where actually dbms is running and mind it in the client server environment you do not have dbms running on the clients whereas in the file server environment every workstation was running a copy of the dbms here it is your clients are running just the application but dbms is running on the server now on your request dbms will receive that request you will see the request that has been requested is it legal or not whether data exists there or not if data exists the database the files and only that data will pass to the client from this you can see the beauty of this idea that the tele-processing your server is overburdened that all applications are running and on the other hand we do not have the file server environment drawback the network was too busy because the dbms is returning only the required data so this is the client server environment there are different types about which we will read in the next lecture dear students today we will finish our lecture and before going I will tell you the important points of today's lecture in today's lecture we completed the discussion of the three levels we discussed the three levels and how the link is established the three level architecture the major advantage of the database approach we discussed that and then we saw that there are two major types logical data independence and physical data independence and finally I told you about the different functions and the different environments of dbms the single user dbms and multi user dbms we discussed that in the evening and after that I have briefed you about the major characteristics of these environments I hope you enjoyed today's lecture goodbye


And some of you need to step into blessing and you do that with an act of faith. Three hundred dollars. I may not have three hundred dollars right now. Well, what do you have? Do you have a hundred? These men clothe themselves in the cloak of Christianity, all the while siphoning more of the supply that fuels their heart money. These men promote God like DoorDash. As long as I tip well, I'll get what I want. Well, in this context, these charlatans are easy to spot. This DoorDash theology has emerged in many of our churches.  Money, a good job, a good relationship, healing. But that's not how God works. God calls us to submit our lives to him and everything that we have because of what he's done for us. Not as a means to get what we want from God. Look, you might never see the fruit of what you planted, but you can be confident that God is working beneath the surface. He will bring about a harvest. But this will be for the increase of his kingdom, not yours.


There are five things you should never do in a lucid dream. I have made a video like this before Let's just get right into it. The first one is kind of obvious and that is to look in a mirror You know, you've probably heard this one before but when you look in a mirror in a lucid dream Basically, you just get reflected back to you all of your kind of deepest fears and expectations And it's also very very likely to destabilize the dream and kind of make you wake up So it's not what you want to be doing in the lucid dream There are some mirrors you can look into but they really you know any any normal mirror that you might be Imagining like a bathroom mirror or something in you know a bedroom Don't look in them. Okay, just gonna end your lucid dream The next thing is you should never ask for a surprise or a random scary experience.  So if you start asking it to show you something scary, it's gonna show you something scary It's not gonna be just this like oh, it's kind of scary like a little bit creepy. No, it's gonna be your deepest fears So your subconscious mind obviously right knows what you're most afraid of and what will really traumatize you So it's essentially like you're asking for trouble. You're literally asking your own mind to kind of traumatize itself Which is just not not clever You wouldn't you wouldn't really want to do that by the way We cover stuff like this in the lucid tribe, which is like a private community We do kind of like I make private videos to answer your questions the links in the description Or you can just go how to lucid comm slash lucid tribe if you want to get more personal videos and really kind of like dive Into this the next one is to spin too fast if you're in a lucid dream and you start really really quickly spinning around Well, you're gonna probably lose lucidity unless you have this intention Usually what happens if you spin too fast, which is what almost everybody does you're just gonna wake up and More than that you could actually end up in sleep paralysis because sleep paralysis is very closely linked to your kind of the inner ear function and kind of like Sensitivity to movement. So if you in the dream start spinning around really quickly I have heard experiences and I have a couple of times myself Managed to just get myself stuck in sleep paralysis now I don't know if there's a direct scientific link between spinning and being in sleep paralysis But there's definitely some kind of mental thing going on there some kind of link I don't know what it is, but I find that if I spin too fast Sometimes I end up just laying there half awake half asleep unable to move and I've heard a lot of other people say the same thing So I would recommend just not spin too fast Just if you're gonna spin just spin kind of like it's like you're slowly rotating like you're a little watch on a little pedestal Or something you just slowly rotating around and that can stabilize your dreams But don't spin too fast the next one has been very hotly debated Mainly by me in places like discord and reddit and that is you should never do anything violent or really aggressive in a lucid dream And this is mainly because it can in my opinion and the opinion of several others It can negatively affect your mental state So if you intentionally go into a lucid dream and start, you know Attacking people or doing something, you know something that you would never really do in waking life because you know it's wrong It's gonna have a negative impact on your mental and emotional state because to your brain You've got to remember to your mind and to your body like your nervous system There is no difference between doing something in a lucid dream and doing something in waking life So to your brain, it's the same as if you had actually done the thing and this is what a lot of people don't understand We on the one hand you think it's great that you can practice real-life skills and improve at them in real life Right, but that same mechanism can give you negative benefits or negative effects if you do something bad in the dream This is the same mechanism. You know to your brain. It's the same thing That's that's how you're able to improve at real-life skills by practicing them in a dream So by the same mechanism if you do something really bad like attacking somebody or or worse in a lucid dream to your brain It's like you've done it. So it's it's not going to be good You know that your mindset and emotional and mental state will not be good as a result of that and by the way I'm not talking about just you know using telekinesis to throw a dragon out of the way. Okay I'm talking about intentional like nasty cruel stuff that you would just not do in waking life and this kind of segues onto the next one which is negative thoughts and kind of thinking to yourself what if this happened or what if this happened now in a negative way almost like you're Expecting or waiting for something bad to happen if you do this in a lucid dream The main kind of guidance is your expectation and beliefs So of course if you expect something really bad to happen like let's say if you're flying This is a really common one you're flying around and then you look down and you think oh, but I should I shouldn't be flying I should probably start falling around about now and then of course you start falling because you expected it to happen So whatever you expect to happen if you have a negative thought if you doubt yourself It's very likely to happen. So just you know watch out for that I'm also on the hunt to find the worst thing to do in a lucid dream in your experience as well So leave a comment letting me know what the worst thing you can imagine is in a lucid dream If you've made it this far you've probably watched more than 90% of people so Congratulations your attention span is good enough to be a lucid dreamer If you want to go deeper on this stuff like I said I have this community that I put together called the lucid tribe which is where we talk about stuff You know I regularly update content. I make personal videos for you answering your questions I you know reply to stuff you have access to a whole bunch of my ebooks and courses all for pretty much like one Really really tiny monthly fee You can leave any time. There's no like weird contract or anything like that and I'm constantly improving it So yeah, if you are interested in that and like diving in deeper to lucid dreaming There's a whole bunch of really cool lucid dreamers in there. You're going to love it The link is in the description. It's called the lucid tribe and that's it. I'll see you next time


Hello, this is Laptop Media, and today, we will show you how to open the Acer Aspire 5A51454 and what's inside of it. The first thing you need to do is to undo all 11 Philips head screws, that are holding the bottom panel in place. Then, pry the panel with a plastic tool, and lift it away from the chassis. Please remember, it would be of great help to us if you just hit the like button and subscribe to our channel. That would motivate us to make even more and better videos for you. Inside, we see a cooling solution that comprises a single heat pipe, and an average size fan. A pretty standard setup. As far as upgradeability goes, there is one RAM Sodom slot that can hold up to 16 GB of DDR4 memory. Additionally, there are 4 GB soldered to the motherboard. On the other side, you have a single M.2 slot for NVMe drives and a 2.5-inch SATA drive bay with an included SATA connector. And when it comes to the battery, you get a 50-watt-hours unit, which is reasonable for a 14-inch notebook. If you'd like to see more disassembly videos of the latest notebooks we would highly appreciate if you hit the like button and subscribe to the channel.