وأقول في القرآن ما جاءت به آياته فهو الكاريم المنزال وأقول قال الله جل جلاله والمصطف الهادي ولا أتأواله الحمد لله رب العالمين له الحمد الحسن والثناء الجميل وأشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له يقول الحق وهو يهدي السبيل وأشهد أن محمد عبده ورسوله صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد إن شاء الله وتعالى I'm going to be starting an explanation on the Kitab شمائل المحمدية written by الإمام الترمذي رحمه الله وتعالى but before I start as usual I'd like to do an introduction into the Kitab there's three introductions that I want to cover in this episode and then in the next episode I'm going to start the explanation of the Kitab the introduction that I want to share with you all are three introductions the first one is علم الشمائل النبوية what does it mean? what is it? the second insha'Allah introduction that I want insha'Allah to share with you all is who is the author of this book? أرمام الترمذي أبر about him رحمه الله وتعالى and the third introduction by إذن الله الكريم is the Kitab شمائل المحمدية written by الإمام الترمذي what is it? a bit about the Kitab insha'Allah وتعالى a bit about the book itself insha'Allah وتعالى so let me start with the first introduction in the first introduction I want to be إذن الله الكريم share with you three points insha'Allah وتعالى first thing is what does شمائل المحمدية mean and the second thing insha'Allah وتعالى is the importance of studying الشمائل النبوية and the third one insha'Allah وتعالى is what are the benefits that you insha'Allah وتعالى are going to reap if you study the شمائل النبوية that's the first introduction insha'Allah وتعالى those are the three points that I'm going to speak about in the first introduction so let me start with the first point which is defining الشمائل النبوية the word الشمائل النبوية means علم it's a science يختص بذكر صفات النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم الخلقية والخلقية وما يتوصلوا بهما من أحوال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم it's a science it's a knowledge way you will study you will learn or this science it specifies or it specializes in or it deals with the description of the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and when we say description of the prophet it's two ways that we describe the prophet the first way is his features and how he looked عليه صلى الله عليه وسلم and the second one is his mannerism how he carried himself عليه صلى الله عليه وسلم and his attitude and any other things related to him صلى الله عليه وسلم that the scholars talk about as we're going to see they are going to speak about his pots and his pans they're also going to speak about or you can tell me there's also going to speak about and also the scholars that talk about they speak about his sword his riding beast these things even though they are not a description of the prophet عليه وسلم but the virtue of these things have gone up the value of these things have gone up because of the fact that a virtuous individual use these things so the scholars they mention narrations pertaining to that so now I hope all of you listeners my beloved brothers and sisters all of you have now come to understand what it means I repeat it is a علم, a science, a knowledge يختص بذكري صفات النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم الخلقية والخلوقية وما يتصل بهما من أحوال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم it's a science, it's a knowledge, it's a field and you will learn the prophet's descriptions our characteristics and his attributes and those characteristics and attributes will look at them from two perspectives or the scholars that author in this science they look at it from two different perspectives the first one is his feature which is how Allah created him سبحانه وتعالى and the second one is his خلقية the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم he's mannerism the way he's his personality and also وما يتصل بهما من أحوال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم other issues related to the prophet so you can see الشمائل النبوية it falls inside the seerah of the prophet but the seerah is more of a comprehensive thing than الشمائل is a particular type of the seerah of the prophet the second point that I want to mention in the first introduction is how important is it to learn الشمائل النبوية شمائل النبوية to learn it is very important it's a very important science that each and every one of us require the benefit and the importance of studying the شمائل المحمدية specifically is that in the seerah books they speak about the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and the شمائل is generally inside you don't tend to see it separated like when you study books like this one is that it specifically only deals and it brings together the narrations regarding the prophet's features and the way he looked and his mannerism whereas the seerah on the other hand might deal with other events and other biographies and other individuals the شمائل only deals with the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and no one else and it deals with the prophet's appearance and the way he looked and it also deals with the way he carried himself so you learn a specific type of the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم so that's why it's very important that you take time out to read this book and other books that are written in this field what are the benefits that you're going to reap what are the things that you're going to achieve from studying this book with me نبي اللهي محمد as you know he's our role model we were commanded to follow him صلى الله عليه وسلم we were commanded to follow his guidance عليه صلى الله عليه وسلم whether it be matters of ibadah whether it be matters of transactions we were also commanded to follow the prophet عليه صلى الله عليه وسلم in his manners in his methodology in how he gave دعوة صلى الله عليه وسلم so we can't do all of that which we were instructed and commanded by Allah عز وجل we won't be able to do it unless we know him صلى الله عليه وسلم ولذلك ابن القيب رحمه الله in the fourth volume page 19 in his زاد المعاد ابن القيب رحمه الله says وإذا كانت سعادة لعبدي في الدارين فهدي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فيجب على كل من نصح نفسه وأحب نجاتها وسعادتها يعرف من هديه وسيرته وشأنه ما يخرج به ما يخرج به عن الجاهلين به ويدخل به في عداد اتباعه وشيعته وحزبه والناس في هذا بين مستقل ومستكثر ومستكثر ومحروم والفضل بيد الله يؤتيه من يشاء والله ودلفضل العظيم ابن القيب يقول في هذا العالم يقومون في اتباعه صلى الله عليه وسلم وإذا كنتنا سعادة في هذا العالم وكنتنا سعادة يوم القيامة يجب علينا اتباعه صلى الله عليه وسلم اتباعه اتباعه ومستكثره ومع ذلك اريد ان اخبرك نعرف حديث عن صحيح البقاري في كتاب الفتن برغم البقاري واتقو فتنة واتقو فتنة واتقو فتنة واتقو فتنة واتقو فتنة واتقو فتنةurry هذه هاتف حديث عن our Prophet حديث عن مهته صلى الله عليه وسلم وان Draw صلح you will say my people will be shored away will be driven away will be pushed away will be steelあ imagine brothers and sisters you be told the Prophet found in our Father حتى يعلم النفس الكتابات المقافي. يقوم بتمكين عن الكتابة ، يؤدي لك جنوني ، يتركون تنزلوهم ، وي dockوا إلىINSETA. لن تنزلوهم ، هذا ليس لك. وع هذه كثير من اوراجه ، ويقول ، هذه هو كتاباتي ، هي ليأمة. وبسهر يتكفل. ويقوم بإنجشانك ، بل أنك لا تدريم أحد ثم ، لا تقم ترفحون محمد ، هذا كثير من الناس أن تردون. وننطلت ذلك على قماتك. حسنا so the guidance of the prophet SAW is a happiness in this world and also in the hereafter look at these people they lost the opportunity of drinking from the prophet's hold. the prophet's fountain brothers and sisters that's something we don't want to lose out on so our happiness in this world and in the hereafter is connected to the way we can get happiness in this world the way that we can get happiness in the hereafter is that we follow the prophet's guidance SAW it is upon every single مسلم who is sincere to himself يجبه يسأل على كل من نصح نفسه وحب نجعتها وسعدتها أن يعرف من هديه وسيراته وشأنه every single one of us who is sincere to himself who wants success for himself and happiness is to know the guidance of the prophet SAW it is to know the prophet's biography it's to know the affairs related to the prophet SAW enough that will take you out of the realm of ignorance and it will add you into ويدخل به في ردادي اتباعه وشيعة وحزبي and it will bring you into the realm of his followers they'll bring you into the circle of his followers and his disciples SAW and then look what he said when ناس who في هدى بين مستقل ومستكثير ومحرومن the people when it comes to the prophet's biography when it comes to the prophet SAW his appearance and how he looked and learning about this he said the people are types there is a person who takes very little when it comes to this issue he's مستقل he doesn't take much and there's another person who is مستكثير he takes a lot regarding the prophet SAW ومحرومن another person who's prohibited from the prophets يعني بايوغرفي or learning about the prophet SAW and how he looked look what he did after that والفضل بيد الله يوته من يشاعت virtue is in the hands of Allah سبحانه وتعالى يوته من يشاعت الله gives it whoever he wills والله والفضل العظيم now i'm going to go into the second introduction بإذن الله الكريم and that is who is this Imam who wrote this book that we're going to study animamu tirmidi animamu tirmidi رحمه الله تعالى animamu tirmidi is name so i'm going to mention in sha Allah تعالى a few things regarding animamu tirmidi the first point i want to mention animamu regarding animamu tirmidi is اسمه ونسبوه his name and his lineage his name is محمد ابنو عيس ابنو صورة محمد ابنو عيس ابني صورة ابني مو سبني الضحاكي إذا الحافظ العالم الإيمام والبارع أبو عيس السلمي ترميل what we learned is his name is محمد ابنو عيس ابنو صورة that's his name he's a haafid and a haafid is a person at least has memorized 100 000 حديث متنن وإسنادن his memorize the chain and his memorize the wording of the prophet 100 000 حديث he is an imam يعني إيمام means the person who's followed okay and he's يعني an elite إيمام his kunya is ابو عيسه he's from the people of his السلمي ترميل and there's two ways of saying تربث you can say ترميد you can also say ترموذ both ways of saying it is correct that's now his name and his lineage okay his name and his lineage now the place تدمث i'm a ترموذ now today currently it falls in إيران okay it falls in in إيران it's a place in إيران and this subhan Allah teaches us a lesson which is subhan Allah he once upon a time in islamic history once upon a time in islamic civilization this land إيران was أرض السنة والتوحيد once upon a time إيران once upon a time was the land of سنة and توحيد that's what it was and then الله سبحانه وتعالى with his infinite wisdom knows why he chose it سبحانه وتعالى that that land been from the land of توحيد يعني أمام أبو زرعة الرازي أبو حاتم الرازي أمام تدمين and other great scholars of this land they came from this land okay brothers and sisters and الله تبارك وتعالى has destined for it and rid for it to now become أرض الرفضي والتشيع والزنقة and today it's a land of شيعة رابدة and heresy that's what bread inside that land and taught in that land الله تبارك وتعالى protect us from such evil beliefs and concepts so ألمام التربدي رحمه الله that's his name and when was he born the historians they didn't clarify and they didn't explicitly mention the time of birth for for ألمام التربدي لم يبين المؤرخونا the historians they didn't clarify سلطة موليده على التحديدي when he's exactly was he born وإنما أرخوها بالعقد الأولي من القرن الثالث they mentioned that he was born رحمه الله تعالى أزالمان بذهب he mentioned he said ولد في حدود سلطة عشرين ومائة تيني and he was born when it was 210 around that time and this again is a benefit that we can all take on board brothers and sisters who are listening when the person is generally born he's a no man no one knows you you have no value yet you haven't yeah and he's done anything in life for people to really give consideration to your birth as the worker as the reality the only people who are happy with your birth are of course the people who are around you family relatives are the people who are happy like the mother and the father and the the close family relative the rest of the people it's just a good news but nothing more than that so the birth of the scholars a lot of the scholars of islam you tend to see that the birth is yet it's under يعني we're unaware of the birth of this great Imam you find that a lot especially if you read books of uh تاريخ and you look at the biography of the imams of islam you check up on it the majority of the times you will suffer to find or you will be hard for you to find the birth of this great imam you won't be able to find it but you find when he died you'll find that a lot of the times you will because now he has become an imam he has become a great scholar of islam he has a significance his presence in this world has value so the scholars they document it when he dies and the time he passed away it's known and his biography from يعني from the time he becomes valuable it's documented step by step it's written so any moment to be these like those great scholars of islam whose birth is not known another thing is that in islam birth has no value for us and when you were born and came into this world but a lot of people يجب أن يقومون بشكل كبير ويقومون بشكل كبير ويقومون بشكل كبير which is something we should stay away from we have in islam set sanctioned celebrations we can't do more than that i need the celebrations the festivals that we have in islam are what that which are sanctioned in the sharia the eads that we have are sanctioned in the sharia okay whatever is not sanctioned in the sharia is not permissible we should stay away from it and avoid it okay and sheikh of islam ibn utamiya has a great book called اقتضاء صراط المستقيم مقالفت أصحاب الجحيم where he speaks about the concept of aiyad يعني إيدس setting إيدس many people they do that for christmas and other religious festivals so اليمام ودهم he mentions he just he mentioned he was born around that time 210 هجرية he was born في حدود سنة عشرين ومائتين around that time he specified and now i'm going to go to the third point regarding اليمام وطريم دي رحمة الله تعالى i mentioned two things so far all the two things i mentioned the first one is his name and his lineage the second thing is about his birth okay and now i'm going to go into the third which is he's he's يعني نشأته العلمية he's religious upbringing ان شاء الله تعالى اليمام تدمي دي رحمة الله first of all like any other great scholar of islam he memorized the quran first and a person cannot become a scholar he can't be an imam without memorizing the quran many students of knowledge they want to jump that they want to memorize the works of a particular individual i mean imam so and so i'm going to memorize these words oh i'm going to memorize this book i'm going to memorize that book and if you've forsaken the words of الله سبحانه وتعالى then really are you are you even going to memorize the words of any scholar and what value do you hold for yourself and the community that you're from if you've forsaken the words of الله سبحانه وتعالى and you haven't learned that you should be very careful brothers and sisters if you're i'm not saying that memorizing the quran is a فرض العين in it's an individual obligation of course by unanimous agreement amongst the scholars memorizing the quran is فرض الكفاية it's a communal obligation if a group of people stand up to memorize it of course the obligation will be removed from the rest but that being said if you're a student of knowledge is the one i'm talking to here you are embarking on becoming a scholar then if you've abandoned the memorization of the quran to be honest i don't think you will ever become a scholar and you're not on the part of being a scholar because from the get go you've went against the methodology of the scholars okay give time to the quran ولذلك الإمام الأوزاعي إمام أهل الشام رحمه الله it was mentioned he was told يعني it was told about his bio in his biography or in his life if a young boy or a young person would come to his gatherings he wouldn't let that person sit in his gathering he would say to them listen wait have you memorized the quran first if he says yes i have memorized the quran he would test them like the ayah يوسيكم الله في أولادكم ولكم نصف ما ترك يستفتونك في النساء يعني the ayah of inheritance is سورة النساء which are متشابه he would test the person if he gets it right and he's perfect he'll say okay mashaAllah you can sit in the حلقة and you can listen to the knowledge that i'm going to be teaching here if the the young person the young person didn't memorize the quran he gets it wrong he will say go and memorize the quran first go and memorize the quran first so i want to say to you all brothers and sisters who are trying to seek knowledge we're trying to embark on learning the religion of الله if you forsake the quran then you will forsake everything منضية القرآن anyone who forsakes the quran فليما سيوه واضحة then الله you're going to forsake everything else if you never gave value to the statement of الله the statement of the creator of the creation if you didn't give it value you didn't choose to memorize it as a student of knowledge then for sure no teacher should trust you to study and to learn and to become a student of knowledge you will never become a student of knowledge i'm telling you this brothers you will never become a student of knowledge and you should alight yourself and no one else should try to light you you will never become a student of knowledge rather i will say you are not a student of knowledge in no way shape or form if you've not memorized the quran well that if you look at the great scholars of islam you will see that they would say he memorized quran and then he sought knowledge as though memorizing the quran is before seeking knowledge and that's the case so memorize the quran give time to the quran يعني say a schedule for memorizing the quran even if it's small it's not a race even if you have to memorize one hour a day or one hour every two days or one hour every three days as long as you are on that path of memorizing the quran that's my advice to the brothers and sisters who are seeking knowledge who want to learn this religion so that limam would tell me that he memorized the quran and then once he sought when he wants to memorize sorry the quran and he learned the quran he went to seek knowledge he met the scholars of his town and his city first شيوخ بلدتي he went to the scholars of his land شيوخ of قرسان he went to the shiwk of قرسان and then he traveled to العراق and hijaz and he heard from the علماء of that land and other than them رحمة الله it's not correct to say that limam would tell me the إيجبط and شام he didn't رحمة الله وقت الضر في كباره اليمام would tell me that you became blind when he became old after he went to seek knowledge and he went to benefit from the علماء and he started to write knowledge he lost his eyesight he gave a lot of time in his journey seeking knowledge from the علماء gathering all of the narrations from them writing it and authoring it ابن حيبانين he says in his أثقات the ninth volume page 153 he says he said he's from the great scholars who gathered the knowledge of حديث he authored great amount of books we're going to see and he's memorized a large quantity of hadiths he revised and he kept it in memory رحمة الله ابو عبدالله الحاكم النيسابوري يو منشد رحمة الله تعالى أزا رمام ذهب يو منشن يسير على منو بلاء ويو منشن إني تتكيرة الحفاظ ويو حجر يو منشن زي إنتهديب التهديب that ابو عبدالله الحاكم النيسابوري يو منشن he said I had عمار ابني عليك سيين مات البخاري يو بخاري died and بخاري never left behind بخراسان مثل أبي عيسة في العلم والحفظ بخاري died and passed away and he did not leave anyone behind in خراسان like except أبي عيسة الترميذي رحمة الله في العلم when it comes to knowledge والحفظ and memorization والورع والورع والزهدي and he was very aesthetic and الورع is a person who stays away from doubtful issues بك ترميذي cried حتى عمية وبقية ضريرا سيينة he cried excessively unless until he lost his eyesight and he remained for years blind الحمه الله تعالى the fourth point that I want to mention إن شاء الله تعالى about the life of an Imam ترميذي is his book that he authored الامام ترميذي رحمه الله his works are very famous الامام ترميذي's works are very famous and they're well known and these works of his when you look at them تدل على إمامته وجلالته في علوم الحديث خاصة it shows you how deeply rooted his knowledge is and that it's a deep comprehension of the science of حديث and that it's not a shallow copy-paste knowledge from his works are his جامع which is called جامع ترميذي رحمه الله and also this kitab that we have the شمائل المحمدية and also he has عيلل الصغير وعيلل الكبير and many other works that he has the final and the fifth point that I want to mention الامام ترميذي is that he passed away when the year was 279 هجرية he died on the 13th of رجب رحمه الله رحمة واسعة may Allah bestow his never-ending mercy onto him إن شاء الله تعالى if you want to know more about who الامام ترميذي is you want to study his life go to سير علام النوبة لا با الامام the 13th volume page 270 13th volume page 270 you'll find his biography there إن شاء الله تعالى the third introduction that I want to share with you all إن شاء الله تعالى today is I want to إن شاء الله تعالى give you an understanding of this kitab written by الامام ترميذي that we're going to study which is known as شمائل المحمدية how important is this book this book is considered the شمائل of الامام ترميذي is considered it's considered from the from one of the earliest works that have been written in the شمائل of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and this kitab specifically its importance is very high because it's narrations يعني his kitab it's رواية محضة يعني it's not يعني him talking and even giving his understanding no narrations after narrations after narrations it's basically written على طريقة أهل الحريف في التصنيب he wrote it in the way that the scholars of hadith used to write their works he summarizes the narrations he summarized that he brings the points that are required and he comes with the مقصود intent required رحم الله تعالى and rarely does he give تعليقات here or there he mentions تعليقات and when I say he rarely did he mention يعني commentary or points on the hadith I'm comparing it to his jamiah يعني الامام ترميذي is jamiah he mentions Allah and يعني speaks and discusses narrations رحم الله تعالى if we compare it to his شمائل he doesn't do much much like that he just the majority of his narrations rarely does he mention تعليقات and what he does when he gives a تعليقات is that he mentions غريب الألفاب the strange words in a hadith for example or a ruling on a hadith or a ruling on a particular narrator in the hadith or other benefits that الامام ترميذي is also known as to do رحم الله and this book it's four hundred and fifteen hadiths four hundred and fifteen hadiths and there are 56 chapters okay so the chapters are 56 ستة وخمسين أبابان he wrote and the hadiths are four hundred and fifteen that's according to the counting of the تحقيق of دار الغرب by ماهير ياسين الفحل with the تقديم of بشارع واد معروف it reaches four hundred and fifteen ماهير ياسين الفحل is طبع of course it's not the best طبعات I haven't نظام يعقوبي is طبع I saw it but I never got the chance to read it and look at it but currently our شيخ شيخ أحمد محمود المركاوي known as شيخ أحمد يره is currently working on the تحقيق of the كتاب شمائل المحمدية he's working on it he told me that the current published versions of the كتاب the current published versions of the كتاب that are out there he says they all have either mistakes or faults or shortcomings in it especially ماهير ياسين الفحل is طبع he informed me and told me that there are mistakes and errors in it and he didn't rely on the amount of نصخ الخطية the مخطوطات that شيخ أحمد محمود شيخ أحمد محمود relied on I think he relied on six ماهير ياسين الفحل he relied on يعني six no eight ماهير ياسين الفحل he relied on eight manuscripts and he published year 2000 that's 20 years ago that publication has mistakes that are in there so إن شاء الله تعالى if الله سبحانه وتعالى allows me to get the تحقيق of شيخ أحمد محمود while I'm explaining it I will use that if not then whatever إن شاء الله comes out for us mistakes when we compare the versions together and also some of the manuscripts that I have we will point that out بإذن الله كريم the scholars how and now I'm going to move on to the third point إن شاء الله تعالى I mentioned the importance of the book I've also spoken about the how the book is written which is the second point and now I'm going to go to the third point regarding the third introduction which is the scholars what did they say about this book the scholars praise this book they accepted this book they made him an Imam in this field إبن كتير إنه died a 774 هجرية he says قد سنف الناس في هذا قديما وحديثا كتابا كتيرة مفردة وغير مفردة ومن أحسن من جمع في ذلك فأجاد وأفاد الإمام أبوعيس الترميليو رحمه الله أفرد في هذا المعنى كتابه المشهورة بالشمائل ولنا به سماء متصل إليه الإمام إبن كتيرة رحمه الله he says many people have written in this science يعني شمائل many scholars have written in it the early scholars and those who came after some of them written it inside their seerah some scholars have written it separately he said then he said ومن أحسن من جمع في ذلك the best person who brought it together who authored in this فأجاد وأفاد is الإمام أبوعيس الترميليو and then الإمام إبن كتيرة and mentioned that he has a chain to it he has a chain connected to أبوعيس الترميليو الإمام عبد رعوف المناوي mentions who died in 1331 هجرية he mentions رحمه الله تعالى he has explanation on the kitab he says رحمه الله فإن كتاب الشمائل في علم العلم الرواية وعلم الديراية للإمام الترميليو كتاب وحيد في بابه فريد في ترتيب واستعابه لم يأتي لو أحد بمماثل ولا بمشابه سلك فيه منهجا بديعة ورصعه بعيون الأخبار وفنون الآثار ترسيع حتى عدة ذلك الكتاب من المواهب وطار في المشارق والمظارب رمام المناوي رحمه الله منشز يسلف إن كتاب الشمائل في علم الرواية وعلم الديراية للإمام الترميليو يسلس كتاب وحيد في بابه إنه كتاب فريد فيه يعني like it like he's the only one who written it the rest like they've not written anything فريد في ترتيب واستعابه he is alone in the way he organized it لم يأتي لو أحد بمماثل no one has come with its likes ولا بمشابه and no one has even come with something similar to it سلك فيه منهجا بديعة and he has taken a unique methodology ورصعه بعيون الأخبار وفنون الآثاري ترسي يعني place inside it he dropped inside it عيون الأخبار وفنون الآثاري يعني gems حتى عدة ذلك الكتاب من المواهب until scholars consider this book to be from the miracles وطار في المشارق والمظارب and it spread in the east and the west ملع علي قاري who has an explanation of the Kitab when we're going to mention it جمع الوسائل he says ومن أحسن من صنف في شمائلي ومن أحسن ما صنف في شمائله وأخلاقي صلى الله عليه وسلم كتاب الترميدي المختصة الجامعة في سيره على الواجه الأتمي بحيث إن موطالع هذا الكتاب تأنه يوطالع وطلعت ذلك الجنابي ويرى محاسنه الشريفة في كل باب this Kitab written by ملع sorry ألمام ترميدي ملع علي قاري says it is it's one of the best books he says and one of the best books he says ومن أحسن ما صنف في شمائلي وأخلاقي كتاب الترميدي it's the best Kitab written في سيره على الواجه الأتمي he says if a person reads it and goes over it it's like أنه يوطالع وطلعت ذلك الجنابي ويرى محاسنه الشريف في كل باب you're seeing the beauty and the gems and the amazing things about our Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and I promise you brothers and sisters this Kitab when you read it and you study it and you learn it or revolutionize everything for you for the first time you're going to say I know نبي الله محمد and I have to be honest and tell you all this was the first Kitab or it was the Kitab that I read that helped me see the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم in my dream and I'm not saying this that if you read this book with us or if you learn this book or if you go over this book that definitely this is going to happen for you not necessarily but what I'm saying to you is that this Kitab will allow you to see the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and one of the beautiful statements that I heard was that if you've been deprived from seeing the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم in your dream if you were deprived from seeing the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم in your dream then do not be deprived from seeing the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم in your awake or when you're awake by reading هِشَّمَائِل though his life what تيرميدي wrote about him if you've been deprived from seeing whilst he was sleeping and you couldn't see him then at least don't be deprived from reading this Kitab ريتم با إليما من تيرميدي which describes to us how he looked عليه صلى الله عليه وسلم that statement should definitely move all of our hearts to go in over this book and studying it and learning it this Kitab has explanations that Insha'Allah will be taking from there's a Shara'ah written by ابن حجر الهيتم he could idea 974 هجرية he wrote Kitab كول أشرف الوسائل إلى فهم الشمائل also ملع علي قاري هذا شرح كول جمع الوسائل في شرح الشمائل بلع علي قاري دايدية 1014 هجرية also there is مختصرات the Kitab has been summarized الإمام الألباني رحمه الله محمد ناصر دين العلباني إذا كتاب كنت مختصر الشمائل where he summarized a hadiths of الإمام تيرميدي he made it into 350 حديثs تقريبا I think the Kitab we said is 415 حديثs right شيخ الالباني رحمه الله تعالى he turned it into 315 حديثs sorry 350 حديثs the rest he considered it to be weak he didn't mention it he took it out he left what he believed رحمه الله تعالى على قوعد المحدثين in accordance to the the principles of the scholars الحديث that which he believed شيخ الالباني to be weak he took it out he left it in 350 حديث رحمه الله تعالى it's a summarized version he got rid of the chain شيخ الالباني رحمه الله and شيخ الالباني died in 1420 هجري رحمه الله تعالى so it's also if you can't go through the whole entire book the way we are going to go through it then what you can do is you can at least read the شمائل that was summarized بشيخ الالباني رحمه الله تعالى also the كتاب was turned into a another poetry شرفه ديني بل المهلل he who died before the year 1007 هجرية he has a نظم قود عدم المناهل known as نظم الشمائل المحمدية I don't know if it's published yet I don't know if it's published I haven't seen it there's also another another poetry written on it which is called نظم الشمائل المحمدية والسيرة المصطفاوية ريتم با عبد الحفيد ابن الحسن العالوي who died in 1356 هجرية has a نظم on it as well إن شاء الله تعالى that is the introduction I intended to go through today anything I might have said that was wrong I incorrect this from me الشيطان and Allah needs a message I'm both free from it سبحانك اللهم بحمده أشهد والله إله إلا الله استغفروا كواتوب إلي السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته كيف يمكنك أن تفعل اشهر الثلاثة right now that will give you a share of the reward of everything we're doing on this youtube channel سبب like this video and click subscribe why it will allow youtube to recommend our videos to other users and imagine the huge amount of reward that could be waiting for you on the day of judgment if you did that with a sincere intention of spreading the deen of Allah you'll be rewarded for every single person who benefits from one of our videos as a result of your like or subscribe that's an easy two second action that you definitely don't want to miss out on do it now click like and subscribe and don't forget to make that intention


So if you guys want to see a certain video for me, let me know below and I want you guys to comment So make sure you comment every single one of you guys something that you guys want to see a type of video Comment below. I'll make it happen. At least I'll try my best to but the wrong drill unboxing the kind of like original video That will be coming out very very soon. What's going on guys? Welcome to another video. Absolutely Exhausted these past two days. I added up the time. I actually added this up I had to get done eight projects in two days pretty much seven I mean, I finished the whole project is due Monday, but I finished the whole project finish eight projects in two days All right, and so the reason I did that is because we can redo projects for one of my classes and I don't have any in the class.  It's about 30 right now. I just got back And now I gotta make a video and it's about to just the Sun's about to go down right now So I can't do anything the time change has really screwed me up. So now I'm about to make a meal I kind of want a document today. I want to do something a little different always doing this I'm always doing that. I'm always Let's do let's do something different to this document Let's try something different and how about I just vlog parts of my life And it's gonna be a lot easier because as you can tell the Sun's about to go down right now And it's about the rain.  Let's go ahead and get it started Haven't like I've set dedication to you know working out eating right nutrition Everything back to normal but more than back to nor I mean consistent every single day like there's no days off like How long has it been? It's been I would say around I'd say three months maybe a little over around a hundred days. I'd say I mean I haven't ate out or Missed the gym. So that's that's strong Actually, I didn't miss one day I missed one day when I was sick and that was the day that I literally couldn't get out of bed And I just physically couldn't do it. My body cannot do it So I was not gonna push myself that day. So went to the gym Every single day pretty much took every single meal and I eat like eight meals a day keep in mind So I do this like all the time. I'm just documenting this so you guys know like what I do on the day to day Going in this is like slow is heck right now I picked the past three days are over and I feel like so great because I can just just finally like sit down When I'm not really gonna relax But I just feel like relieved because I got all those projects over with I turned them all in and everything's just solid Yeah, like eight meals a day like that cooking I'm prepping them every single day two hours in the gym minimal It takes 15 to 20 minutes to get to the gym So around 40 hour drives around three hours a day just in the gym and then when you're cooking around You know six meals six to eight meals like that. I mean it takes some time throughout the day So this is like a big majority of what I do finished So I want to talk about something silly boring you guys I want to show you something so See this right here. It's a new fisher reals a 13 fishing. I just Bored it off them as you guys know I have a lot of reals in here I got a lot of reals back home and a lot of rods back home I'm not too much stuff here. Most of this was back in my house for you guys I've been what like asking for the rod and reel unboxing that I've been wanting that you guys have been wanting the rod and reel Archival unboxing of the whole deal the only reason I haven't done that yet Is it because like literally I have probably like ten rods here and like 20 rods back home Rows and reels back home. And so yeah, that's pretty much why so right here I got a bunch of concept days and concept sees I've got some origins What else we got I'm gonna go through some Inception here since you guys been asking for me to talk about some of this stuff There's an inception right there. This is actually one of real that I haven't got to experiment much with so I definitely want to Get out there to start casting on these I want to spool a few of these up get out there Like I said, I had too much time to go fishing like it really sucks Because I've been so busy with school like I two more weeks and the whole Thanksgiving and Christmas break I mean granny on videos videos videos for you guys I mean like literally I could put like full-forth like all my effort like towards videos and everything and not like Worry about having to go to practice or traveling for a tournament or practicing this weekend for a tournament or all this school Work and just all this all this crazy stuff. I can do my main focus on You know my brand my business and we can be busting out some bad-ass content for you guys So if you guys are also, I want you guys to do this right now So common blow what you guys want to see so like the type of these you guys want to see because I want to execute on those in the Next month or two. I'm just gonna pound on this stuff. So if you guys want to see a certain video for me Let me know below and I want you guys to comment So make sure you comment every single one of you guys something that you guys want to see a type of video Calm below. I'll make it happen. At least I'll try my best to but the wrong drill unboxing the kind of like Original video that will be coming out very very soon Once I get back home get everything situated everything wrong You can see there are some origins in here as well. These are all very new. I haven't had time to school all these up and Let me show you something real quick Also got a lot of seaguar fishing line. This is actually 12 pound out of the whole 315 pound in Visex pools if you guys are looking for fishing line best quality fishing line in my opinion I've used this the past three and a half years Absolutely the best line like I'm just hands down the best line out there It is gonna be a little bit more expensive, but I promise you're gonna get your money's worst I'll last a lot longer. It's gonna be the most smooth casting line You're not gonna have it all bundled up until I promise you best line out there is the seaguar in Visex and Like I've used it pretty much For the past three four years never had a problem. I absolutely love it And I won't trade out for anything like if people offer me like even here at scat You know Isaac our coach he'll have like a bunch of like free line that he can give us Like Sunline and all this other types of line and he's he's supplied us with some seagar as well, but um Man like I won't even take any of that freestyle Like they have all that like I really pay like full price like I'm gonna get anything and get the best There is which is seaguar cuz like this all I've thrown and I won't school aim I was like all the old reels that I've had all seaguar all did me 13 reels I'm just pulled up all seaguar Hands down best line out there. Go check it out And Visex is what I use Red labels good as well, but my favorite is yellow as you can see yellow right here. It's called in Visex I see guard. I mostly use 15 pounds. It was like versatile might be 15 15 pounds on the majority of my reels. I do have some of 12 some 10 just depending on the type of base I'm throwing but majority of my reels Like I said, I have a lot of 15 pounds fulls of this. I also have a few rods here if you guys haven't seen a Tuesday's video go check it out. So we're the most versatile fishing rod my favorite fishing rod My favorite fishing rod Of all time like the action power whole deal go check it out I leave a link in the description, but these are some of the flake bucks a lot of you guys have been asking me about them Like I said Pretty sick rod. I love the color. I love the color, you know, you gotta not like the color I love the color personally. I do.  I like green It's my logo. It's my brain my truck everything's green. So, um, yeah Blacks got a few these sitting here. What else we got? I'm gonna use right here Another fake black that's more stuff in my truck and some Over by the back porch and also like back home. I got tons of rods. If you guys are wondering why I'm in the garage I Don't know honestly. I think it's just start filming in here more like this like it's just all this space like that I got and like I mean, it's really met. I apologize. I have boxes everywhere and Yeah, everywhere, but that's just I honestly haven't even came in here since I've been here and also the lighting wasn't too bad to film in here and As you can yeah, I got tools out and the real zone the rods out and boxes everywhere and that and paint cans and Yeah Yeah, that's about it. But yes, like I said, you guys have been asking me about fishing lines Seaguar and visex is the only stuff I've used the past like four years over here. I got some orange stuff I got some fishhead spins over here. That's some seaguar Stuff some smart bait stuff Plus we got over here got a red bull cooler All right, I'm just showing you random stuff now. So let's go inside. So guys say it's been a long week It's been very good. I just wanted to update you guys on everything It's been crazy this week. Like I said like past two days. I literally finished we go by quarters here Skad I finished 10 weeks worth of work in two days Like that was really grinding and grinding and grinding and grinding it just to you know Proved to myself that I did like everything possible I could in this class to achieve this a that I'm going to get I'm going to get the a this last project is a video project And I'm very excited about it because I have some crazy ideas. It's gonna be sick throw it all together It's gonna be unreal and should surprise our teacher and surprise everybody in the class It should it should just be awesome. And I if I if I end up making it I'm going to post it I'll post on kicking as well. We'll figure out something I end up posting that'd be cool I mean, we'll get that rolling that'd be sick guys. I went to the gym a second ago I was busting out everything, you know, I was getting everything going and I did some homework went to the gym, man I got through like 70% of my workout and my stomach just started like just Cork like it literally felt like a snake was wrapped around my insides. Just I don't know what's wrong I'm still feeling like that and I just try to like try my best to finish off the workout and like oh I don't know what was going on with me. There's something inside of me that is one. I don't know But I'm gonna stop talking about that Anyways, I hope you guys enjoyed this video I hope you guys are striving to overachieve every single day and be the best that you can be grinding every single day Put 150% effort in everything in life. I think that's so important guys I preach it so much because I think it's so valuable I think that's the most valuable information and every time every time I make a video I want you guys to take something out of it and Leave the video is something that you didn't come in with as in whether it's motivation Inspiration, you know knowledge tips whatever it is I want you to leave with at least one thing per video you watch me because I want you to take value out of my videos But thank you guys so much for watching. I love you guys so much You should like the video calm below subscribe if you haven't already be sure to tell you got tell you tell you guys Tell your friends about the YouTube channel and I'll catch you guys in the next


So, after the implementation details I will discuss the solution algorithm. So, the solution algorithm is as I said that the first part of any code is preprocessor and in preprocessor basically what we do is that there are certain user inputs like in the codes which we had given you will have to enter what is the density of the material specific heat of the material conductivity of the material. So, the material property is one of the input thermo physical property in general. Then there will be some geometrical parameter what is the length of the plate height of the plate what is the maximum point in the x and y direction what are the boundary conditions input. We have given you a code where which is made general like although it is in Cartesian coordinate system. So, when the code is in Cartesian coordinate system it is expected that the boundary will be having a left wall right wall bottom wall and top wall. However, there are switches like on the left wall whether you want Dirichlet boundary condition Neumann Neumann means insulated or convective boundary condition. Actually we have given four options if I remember constant wall temperature insulated boundary condition constant heat flux boundary condition and convective boundary condition because these are the four boundary conditions which you see in heat transfer. So, there are certain boundary conditions input corresponding to each wall and then there is a convergence criteria to check whether your code has reached to steady state. These are some of the inputs then there is a grid generation in this case we are following a simplest form of grid generation where we need to calculate the coordinates of the vertices of equispaced horizontal and intersection of the equispaced horizontal and vertical lines. But when you generate grids you calculate the width of the control volume distance between the cell centers surface areas and the volume. Then you set the initial guess the code which we are discussing here is an unsteady state code. So, for this you need an initial condition the problems which will be given you there will be an initial condition also. Note that here I am setting that the here you set the Dirichlet boundary condition I am not talking of non-Dirichlet boundary condition. Non-Dirichlet boundary condition I have put in separate step why? Note that the boundary condition I have I am in step 3 I am writing only Dirichlet boundary condition. In step 4 I am writing non-Dirichlet boundary condition why? In Dirichlet and non-Dirichlet what happens the boundary values what happens it changes with respect to time it is a function of border point. Boundary point is a function of border point whenever you have a gradient boundary condition and you know border point is a part of inside the domain it changes with respect to time. So, whenever you have a non-Dirichlet boundary condition what a non-Dirichlet Neumann or Robin type of which I discussed earlier for those type of boundary condition you have a gradient and you get when you discretize it you get boundary point as a function of border point which changes with respect to time. So, this has to be brought inside the loop after each time marking you have to update this boundary point value as a function of border point. Before you go to computation you whatever temperature you have now take it as a old value then I had done input step for each phases calculate q x and q y then do a balance and calculate total heat gain by conduction and then finally temperature. Once you have got temperature then you check for convergence when there are two ways of checking the convergence in fact there are many ways, but one of the common ways is that one of the simplest way is that between two consecutive time step at each point let us say there are 25 yellow circle. So, you will have 25 temperature from the previous time step and from the new time step you take calculate the 25 differences of those temperature and out of those 25 difference values what whichever one is the maximum you use a small program to obtain the maximum of a matrix that maximum you check for steady state criteria, but a better way it has been found that instead of taking the absolute difference if you take the RMS of the difference. So, you take the difference between the present and old time take it square at all the so at 25 points you take the difference take it square take mean of that and take the square root of that. So, this instead of taking the absolute different absolute maximum difference this is considered to be better. So, we take the root mean square value of the temperature difference and that is what in your code you see RMS it has been defined given a name as RMS residue if I am not wrong. So, this is used to check the unsteadiness, but many a time now many a time the question comes whether we should call delta t is it tending to 0 as steady state or whether we should have del capital T by del small t tending to 0 as steady state. So, if you ensure this you ensure try to ensure that delta t tends to 0, but if you divide by delta t time step you try to ensure del capital T by del small t tends to 0. However, if you are using explicit method and use this criteria for conduction this works properly there is not much problem, but when especially when you are solving we had seen that if you solve a natural convection problem and if the temperatures are very large then the velocity inside in natural convection increases tremendously then the time step varies a lot. So, what happens is this temperature difference between 2 let us say consecutive time step goes down, but if we are by stability criteria if your delta t is increasing then this value oscillates a lot. So, for I suggest that it is better to use this boundary condition because sometimes this cause lot of stability problem. So, in the code finally we have used this boundary condition, but I just wanted to mention here if it has converge means it has reached a steady state if not you go back to there is a mistake here it has to go back to step 4 not step 5, because in step 4 you have non Dirichlet boundary condition you have to go back to step 4 where you have a non Dirichlet boundary condition where boundary is a function of border value. So, this loop goes on and on till you reach to a steady state till this r m s t is less than equal to epsilon which is a convergence criteria may be 10 to power minus 3. So, this completes the formulation the implementation detail and solution algorithm any question on there it is very important that you understand this. I will repeat again in the formulation we have used two levels of approximation let us say in case of diffusion the first level of approximation was whenever you take a control volume to calculate total heat gain by conduction you express heat transfer as fluxes on the phases. So, the first level of approximation corresponds to how to represent the heat fluxes at the phases how to write q x q x plus delta x q y q y plus delta y on the surfaces as one point value because q x varies all over the vertical surface q y varies over all over the horizontal surface. So, this approximation is first level of approximation what is the second level of approximation how to write Fourier law of heat conduction in algebraic form how to convert the differential form of Fourier law of heat conduction into algebraic form. We basically use second order central difference scheme piecewise linear approximation to represent heat flux at phases we use centroid value which is also second order approximation these two approximations we use and we get algebraic equation. Then I talked about the solution methodology explicit method and implicit method then I talked about how when you want to develop the code let us do in stages because formulation also we did in stages let us develop code in stages. Let us first calculate q x q y for that we use a discrete form of Fourier law of heat conduction for that we use some convention add even shown some symbol some colorful squares and triangles.  Any question please. So, let us suppose there is a plate of length l 1 in the x direction l 2 in the y direction I will take two class of heat transfer problem one where I will take all Dirichlet boundary condition. So, all Dirichlet means I take let us say left wall 100 bottom wall 200 right wall 300 top wall 400 degree centigrade and for this if you use the formulation the implementation details and if you develop the code using the solution algorithm finally you create a movie where at each time step if you have stored the temperature for each time step you get one picture. So, for this case if you take a steel plate. So, in your code you there will be density specific heat and conductivity as a property and this is the way the initial condition is 100 degree centigrade in this problem this is isotherm note that left wall is always blue 100 degree centigrade bottom wall is always green 200 right wall orange 300 top wall close to white 400 boundary condition should not change with respect to time this is just one of the check let me tell you in research we do not know what results we will get, but we should be clever enough to know what results we should not get. So, if you develop a code and there where you are finding that your left wall is not 100 bottom wall is not 100. So, it is not obeying the boundary condition how can you expect that your results will be correct. So, the purpose one of the implicit purpose of this course is that to make you clever enough that when you use CFD you know that at least this result I should not get or if your student comes with some result you should say no you are wrong just by looking into this not going into the details of the result just looking into the result you can understand I will give you some more hint to know how good or bad a result is or whether it is a physical or it is not ok. Now, whenever many times you may feel that I can use a software and get engineering parameters and let us suppose for flow across a car or flow across an aeroplane I will calculate lift force and drag force, but what is the need of that creating that movie. Let us say for flow across a car fluid dynamic movie there is a need if you have a if you want to have if you want to understand the fluid dynamics phenomena it is a I would say that is more of a scientific investigation if you want to understand that if you have designed 10 different shapes of the car and let us suppose you do CFD simulation and you find that one of the design is giving least drag force, but the reason why that design is giving least drag force if you create a fluid dynamic movie and not only velocity contours or let us say velocity vectors or pressure contours you may have to draw a vorticity contour you may have to develop some other tool to understand because fluid dynamics is not that easy that you create one type of movie and you can understand everything. Many a times we do not as I mentioned say which cannot say with certainty that drag force is reducing due to this there are many reasons because of highly coupled problem. So similarly here I want to give you a message that once you get this type of temperature distribution it has some story what is that story bottom wall is at 200 degree centigrade can you talk about the rate of heat transfer in the bottom wall this is note that this is a steady state heat conduction with no volumetric heat generation. So, the solution has to be bounded and there cannot be local maxima in the temperature distribution what I mean is that let us suppose if this is at 200 this is at 250 so all the point between in this region will be in between 200 and 250 it cannot be less than 200 or greater than 250 there cannot be a local minima or a local maxima if you have volumetric heat generation then it may happen that you can have a local maxima, but there also it is not necessary it depends upon the magnitude of volumetric heat generation as well as the boundary condition. So, near to the bottom wall by looking into this temperature distribution bottom wall is at 200 degree centigrade can you make a statement on the direction of heat transfer at what which point heat transfer will be 0 on the bottom wall bottom wall is at 200 there is an isotherm 200 which is heating it. So, at this point rate of heat transfer will be 0 it is heating normally d t by d y will be 0 what about left part of this fall temperatures are what 150 160 170 180 190 200. So, temperature is here bottom wall 200 in this region temperature is less than 200. So, heat transfer will be upward here it will be here it is greater than 200 210 220 230 240 and so on here heat transfer will be downward. So, this picture they speak something ok. So, many times when you get if you plot let us suppose in this wall how q y varies with respect to x. So, this picture says that it should change this direction it should pass to 0 initially it should be upward and then it should go to downward crossing 0 smoothly. So, this I give wanted to give an idea that when you plot the engineering parameter such as in this case I have taken a simplest of the problem the variation of q y as a function of y this is called as local heat fluxes this local values when you do post processing in the next slide may be I will show you. So, on the top wall you see everywhere the temperature is less than 400. So, heat transfer is inward on the right wall what you see is left wall is 100 and near everywhere it is greater than 100. So, heat transfer is outward on the bottom wall there is change in the direction of the heat transfer and in the right wall also there is change in the direction of heat transfer ok. So, this picture gives the reason why there is change in the direction of heat flux on the right wall and bottom wall. Now, how do we calculate because once you get a run a CFD code you get a temperature distribution, but how do you calculate this heat fluxes at the boundary actually the way I had given you the formulation the codes we are calculating q x q y. So, it is automatically calculated in this formulation ok, but if you are solving let us suppose by finite difference method where you are obtaining temperature distribution. So, let us suppose your coding does not involve q x q y because you can develop code in that way also and if you want to calculate q because this q x q y strictly speaking as an engineer you need it only near to the boundary not interior of the domain. Many times you may feel that it is unnecessary, but I had shown you because I felt that this is easy way to understand when you want to develop into code. So, normally if temperature distribution is known then at this boundary what we do is that how do you calculate q y here you will have to calculate q y. So, q y is equal to minus k del t by del y. So, you need to calculate del t by del y at this boundary point using the border point note that here you have to use one sided difference like forward difference. So, let us suppose at the bottom wall left wall it is 100 bottom wall it is 200. So, if you use d t by d y this temperature minus this temperature divided by the distance between the two points you can calculate del t by del y multiplied by minus k and then see. So, what I wanted to show you here is that you can see that in this three values are less than 200 here the heat transfer will be 0 here that values are greater than 200. So, there is a change in the magnitude of temperature from the left part to the right part across 200. So, if you plot at the bottom wall which is this I think red inverted triangle what you see is that initially it is positive then it crosses the 0 then it becomes negative on the bottom wall. So, note that we do numerical differentiation to calculate the local value of heat fluxes. So, in the bottom wall the heat flux let us suppose you have five points. So, you will get five different value, but many times we are interested in one value then you have to do numerical integration. So, numerical differentiation is needed to calculate the local heat flux and you need to do numerical integration to calculate the total heat fluxes. Many times if you are teaching a course on numerical methods you can take this as an example for numerical differentiation and numerical integration. These are good examples from heat transfer. We do this in our first course which we call as the computational method in thermal and fluid engineering. This is a second class of boundary condition. Left wall now I have all types of boundary condition Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin-Horwitz type of boundary condition. Left wall 100, bottom wall insulated, right wall constant heat flux top wall convective boundary conditions. Now, in this case when it is a Dirichlet boundary condition it is easy to apply the boundary condition because it is just the value which you have to give to the blue circles, but in this case you need to discretize like this is insulated del t by del y is 0. So, the temperature here is equal to this, the temperature here is equals to this. This is written as p at all i j is equals to 1 is equals to p at all i j is equals to 2. This is the discretization of constant heat flux boundary condition. This is the discretization of Robin-Horwitz mixed type of boundary condition. Minus k d t by d y is equals to h temperature at the wall minus t infinity and this is the Dirichlet boundary condition. Note that whether you are applying finite volume method, but the discretization of the boundary condition is done by finite difference. That is why some amount of finite difference was very necessary before going to the finite volume method. What I would do in a first we calculate the temperature. Once it is convergent then once only once we calculate heat flux values. What is the need not to calculate every time? There is no need. As I said that there is no need. It is just that I feel that this is when you are coding you have the feel of what you are doing, but you can avoid it. It is not necessary. It is just to have a better understanding of the conservation laws and the formulation and the coding. I wanted to have a same relationship between all of them. That is why I followed this example. For a beginner it is good, but later on it is not necessary. It takes unnecessary computation time. Now for this problem let us suppose left wall is at 100 degree centigrade, bottom wall insulated. Right top wall let us suppose there is a force convection with h is equals to 100 watt per meter square Kelvin and the ambient temperature is 30 degree centigrade. Right wall suppose let us say wall heat flux is 10 kilowatt per meter square. So for this type of animations which you will get for temperature distribution. Now here again you by looking into this animation you can understand whether it is correct or not. How? You should know what is your boundary condition and by looking into each of this picture you can say it is correct or not. Because from the boundary condition you know the slope of the line. Bottom wall is insulated. So the isotherm should be in heating perpendicular. See this animation. In each picture just see at the wall not away from the wall. At the wall it is heating normally first thing. Second thing right wall you have a constant heat flux. So this will not heat normal that is okay. But what is dT by dx equals to minus qw by k. So the slope has to be constant. So note that in this animation on the right wall each isotherm is heating at same constant angle. So whenever you are doing CFD simulation whenever you get some result be clever enough to judge from the boundary conditions or the flow structures near to the boundary. That whether your reserve seems to be physical or it is just a numerical artifact. This is a steady state temperature distribution. Just I would like to point out for a beginner as far as this graphics is concerned. Once we get the temperature distribution you get in a matrix form and then you take it to a software. And what you need to do is that you need to give the x coordinate of the yellow circle points or blue circle points, the y coordinate of that and the temperature value. And then you can use a contour command and then you can get and there are two types of contours. Earlier what animation which I was showing it is a flooded contour and what is shown here is the line contours. Here you have an isotherms which are represented by line and in the previous animation it is a flooded contour. So although there is a line also there is a combination there is an overlap plot of the flooded contour and the line contour. So this contour here represents the isotherms. This is the steady state variation. Now here again the same thing happens left wall is at 100. There is a top half where the temperature nearby is less than 100. Bottom half which is greater. So there is change in the direction of heat flux on the left wall. Bottom wall is insulated so no heat transfer. Top wall you have a convective boundary condition. So there is a heat loss from the top wall. Right wall you have a constant heat flux. So it will have inverted heat flux. Here again if you plot here I have plotted the heat flux on the left wall. So you can see that on the bottom half bottom portion of the left wall the heat transfer is negative. It crosses through a zero and then it becomes positive. There is a change in the direction of heat flux on the left wall. So that completes the conduction in Cartian coordinate system. I was not planning in cylindrical coordinate system but I think in the Boranich lecture somebody mentioned that if we can incorporate cylindrical coordinate system also included but the idea which I had used in Cartian coordinate same idea is used here. It is just that the geometrical parameters which are involved are different. And moreover let us suppose if you are taking in a polar coordinate system use the same law of conservation of energy rate of change of internal energy equals to heat gain by conduction plus heat generation which you can represent as this. So there I was showing you qx, qy. Now if you take a polar control volume what happens is that you get heat transfer in the radial direction and angular direction. And in this case the surface area are different. The surface area here is in a 2D case delta r on both the surface and here it will be r plus delta r into delta phi this will be r delta phi. So the surface area in this case what you find is that the surface area changes along the radial direction. It does not happens in case of x and y direction. Other than that the way we do the discretization it is almost same. So if you want to calculate this there is one yellow circle lying here one yellow circle lying here. So all those ideas we use actually right now in this slide I think what I am trying to show you is that you can get the differential equation. How you get the differential equation in your heat transfer course and cylindrical coordinate system? You do a balance and divide by the volume use the limits. So this is the differential equation in cylindrical coordinate system. In the next slide I show you the algebraic form. This is the first level of approximation where what you do is that at all the four surfaces you represent the heat fluxes at the centroid of each of the surfaces. So you have centroid represented as east, west, north, south.  So from the negative faces it is coming in from the positive faces it is going out. So in minus out is the total heat gain and the second level of approximation is you do the discretization. The Fourier law of heat conduction is slightly different in cylindrical coordinate system as compared to Cartesian coordinate system. So this is the discrete representation of Fourier law of heat conduction in cylindrical coordinate system. Delta phi is the angle between these two points. Rp is the radius at point p. These are the geometrical parameters which are involved. So with this you can calculate that this qe, qw, qn and qs and then you do a balance and then the procedure is very much similar to what I have shown in the conduction. Even you can develop a general purpose code both for Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate system and only what will vary is the geometrical parameters. Like the denominator may be in a Cartesian coordinate system this was delta x here it is rp delta phi. The geometrical parameters will only vary and this is the explicit when you use an explicit method this is the final. So from the second level of approximation if you substitute this q into the expression which you have got in the first level of approximation you get the final equation as this and as we are calculating the total heat gain by conduction using the temperature of the previous time level this is an explicit method. So for explicit method this is the equation discretized equation. I will not go into much detail in cylindrical coordinate system but I would like to mention here that in a cylindrical coordinate system you have boundaries let us say in this problem at least polar coordinate system let us suppose you have a plate with a circular hole circular plate with a circular hole. So there is an inner boundary and there is an outer boundary both are circle r is equals to r1 r is equals to r2. So in this case what you find is that you do not have a computational boundary in the angular direction. So if you are solving for because this is circular so what happens is that if you want to solve for this this is one of the neighbor this is another neighbor actually when we want to develop a code even if it is in a cylindrical coordinate system we want to map this point in Cartesian coordinate system like this because we need to scroll in some starting from some point I need to start my i from some point. Let us say I start my j from the center in this direction let us suppose my i is starting in the anticlockwise direction from here this is my i is equals to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 but when I am solving for let us say this point I need one neighbor behind. So what I do is that I do not put this as 1 I put this as 2 and the value of this one will be equal to the last so what I want to tell you is that what is blinking here as this green line actually I say that this is a 0 volume control volume here I have some actually if you want to draw the domain this when it has to pick its east boundary it has to pick this value. So for the i is equals to 1 what I do is that for all j i is equals to 1 when we apply the boundary condition it is what is called as periodic boundary condition. So the boundary value is equals to the last border value so the first boundary value left boundary value is the so what is the last border value this one if you move in this direction which is the last yellow circle which you will encounter this one. So the way we apply boundary condition is that the value at i is equals to 1 is equals to the last yellow circle and the boundary condition at i max is equals to the first yellow circle this is what is called as periodic boundary condition in CFD. So we need to make a branch cut so that you can map it like a cartesian because finally when you want to scroll you want to scroll in this fashion where at the i is equals to 1 and i is equals to i max you use a periodic boundary condition here again I had used the same instead of q x I have q in the theta direction and q in the radial direction instead of q y. Here again I am showing you a pseudo code but this pseudo code will be slightly different from the earlier pseudo code because of the periodicity. You need not calculate q x on that branch cut that is why there is slight difference you can go into the details little later but what I maybe I can go to the figure and point out in this case I need heat fluxes on this phase as a function of these two values and this I need only once. So there is a periodicity so that I can avoid using the type of loops which you see in the theta and the r direction are little different because in the theta direction it is starting from 2 but in the j direction j is starting from 1 but so in earlier case this q y j was starting from 1 but in q x I was starting from 1 but in this case there is a slight difference due to that periodicity. As far as calculated this is calculation of q in the theta direction this is the calculation of q in the radial direction and then once you have calculated q in the theta and the radial direction you do a balance and then finally calculate the temperature of the Newton levels. So I think with this I had come to the end of this lecture on heat conduction.


you know he's a heart and soul of our program so you know tough really tough blow I feel for me he's had a fantastic start of the season he was you know has obviously made a huge jump I just I just know Keras like if anybody's coming back from this knowing the human the character the person the player you know he'll come back for this so you know tough tough tough blow for the net what do you know what do you tell the team and say you know that our only thoughts with him nothing nothing else matters game doesn't matter tonight that's it was obviously you won't don't want to see anybody go down with that sort of injury but everything that he's gone through to get to the point where he is does that just make it even worse I don't know what's worse you know Brian I just think it's a devastating blow for for us for him and put that that's all I really want to say about this I just our thoughts should you know be with him in his recovery and and really really don't want to talk about the game or anything else okay thank you very much


A common 9V battery provides a pretty high internal resistance to the flow of charges because of which the maximum current that you can ever draw from that is very tiny. And so this is safe and you know we can let kids play with that. On the other hand, if you take a hard battery which is just 12V, not that much difference compared to this battery, it has an extremely tiny internal resistance. Now because of that, the amount of maximum current you can draw from the battery is lethal. So forget kids, even adults are not supposed to play with this. So clearly internal resistance plays a major role in the working of a battery. And so the goal of this video is to figure out how do we measure this internal resistance of a battery. And from the title of the video you may have already guessed, we're going to use a potentiometer. But we will not start with the potentiometer circuit because you know that's always been confusing me. Instead, we'll first logically understand how to measure the internal resistance and then we will build the circuit together. So let's say my friend throws a random unknown battery at me and asks me to calculate its internal resistance. How do I do that? I don't know it's EMF let's say, I don't know anything. And I'm not going to read over here, it's given but I'm not going to read because I'm not going to cheat. So the question is how do I calculate, how do I measure, what experiment will I do to calculate the internal resistance? So the first step would be what I would do is I would first model this battery. I would say, let's imagine that this particular battery internally is made up of an ideal cell which has no internal resistance of its own, an ideal cell of EMFE. And along with that, all the internal resistance is connected in series with that cell. That's how we can imagine it. And that's what we always do in a circuit, right? We concentrate all the resistance at one point and we're concentrating all the EMF of that battery at one point. All right, now how do I calculate R from here? Well, the first thing would be to build an equation for that. So to build an equation, let's first attach it to, you know, let's make a circuit out of it and let's see if you can use Ohm's law to build an equation. So imagine I attach it to some resistance over here, I will show it as a bulb. So let's say I attach it to some resistance or some bulb which has a resistance R. Now comes the question, hmm, can I build an equation with small R in it? And the answer is yes. All I have to do is figure out what's the voltage across the battery and that equation will have small R in it, all right? So can you try and give this a shot? Can you figure out, you know, just by using Ohm's law, what is the voltage across these two points of the battery right now? And I'll give you a clue. The voltage across the battery is the same as the voltage across the resistor. All right, with that, I want you to try and give it a shot. And remember, the answer should be in terms of E, capital R and small R, all right? So you prime pause the video and see if you can, you know, give this a shot. All right, let's see. So the voltage across the battery, I'm just going to write as V bat. It's not a bat, it's a battery, you get it right? So the voltage across the battery is going to be the voltage across the bulb. And what's the voltage across the bulb from Ohm's law? It's going to be the current I through the bulb times the resistance of that bulb. All right, now I don't want to, I don't want I in this. I want to somehow bring E and R into this. So how do I get rid of that I will again use Ohm's law in this circuit to figure out what the current is. Now this time I will use Ohm's law between these two points because I know what's the voltage across these two points. That's E. I also know what's the resistance across these two points. That's R plus R. So if I use Ohm's law, I equals E divided by the total resistance R plus R. So what I can do is I can get rid of this I and I can say that's equal to the EMF E divided by R plus R. And I've built my equation. My first step is done. Now let's see what I need to measure. I need to measure small R. So let's see what are the other things I know. I know the value of capital R. Now you don't have to use a bulb, right? I used a bulb, but you can use a standard resistance. So if you use a standard resistance in a lab, capital R value is something that you know. So that's not a problem. Okay, next, how do I calculate the voltage across the battery? Well, we have potentiometer with us. It's an excellent measuring device. So all I have to do is hook this up to a bulb and measure the voltage across the battery using that potentiometer. And I can do that. So to calculate this, measure the voltage across the battery with the bulb. I can directly measure it with potentiometer. So measure with the bulb. So this I can measure in my experiment with the potentiometer. Okay, now the interesting question is what about EMF? How do I measure that? Because the EMF, at least in this drawing, ideal drawing, it's the voltage between this point and this point. That you can't directly measure. So what do you do? Again, I want you to pause the video and think a little bit about this. How would you measure E? Because if we do that, we are done. Okay, have you given it a shot? The secret is you get rid of that bulb and recalculate the voltage across the battery. Let's see. If you calculate this point, we'd have the same voltage as this point. There is no resistance in between. But now the voltage at this point will be the same as the voltage at this point because I'm not drawing any current from this battery right now. And so there is no potential difference over here. In other words, now if I calculate the voltage across the cell without drawing any current from it, now that voltage is going to be the EMF. So all we have to do is measure the voltage across the battery but without, measure it without attaching it to a bulb. And just to quickly remind you, this is the battery equation, which basically says when you connect to anything across a battery, the voltage that you measure drops. It becomes smaller than the EMF because there's a small drop that comes across the internal resistance. Anyways, now we can bring in our potentiometer. And just to quickly recap, a potentiometer is basically a battery connected to a slide wire, maybe with some resistors in between. And the whole idea is, if you want to calculate voltage between any two points, then you attach it with respect to a galvanometer. And the whole idea is the voltage when, and as you slide this, and as you slide this particular slider, when the galvanometer deflection shows zero, say at around this point, the voltage across these two points must be exactly equal to the voltage of this part of the wire. So to measure this, all I have to do is calculate the voltage of this part of the wire. And how do you calculate the voltage of this part of the wire? Well, you calculate what that length is. And if we know what the voltage per meter of this wire is, which we call the potential gradient, then we just multiply it by L. So the voltage required would be the potential gradient, which is the voltage per meter of this wire, into the length of the balancing length. And if you're not familiar with this concept or you need a refresher, feel free to go back and watch our video on potential meters. We have explained this intuitively, logically, where all of this comes from. All right, we have recalled our potential meter. We have our theory. I want you to think about how you connect these two and what experiment will you do? What procedure will you carry out to figure out the internal resistance? Remember, it's okay to be wrong, but wondering and exploring is super important. So please, please give this a try. Think about what circuit will you build now? All right, if you're given this a shot, let's see. Let me first bring back the bulb. Okay, so how do we attach our potential meter? So here's our potential meter slide wire. Since I want to calculate in both these cases, I want to calculate the voltage across the battery. I'm going to connect my galvanometer and the other circuit also, other wire also across these two points. So here's how I'm going to make the connection. Okay, remember, I want to do two measurements. First measurement, what I will do is without the bulb. To calculate the EMF, I need to find the potential difference here without the bulb. And the way to do that, I mean, this is a practical circuit. I don't want to detach again. So what I'll do is I'll just introduce a switch in between, okay? Think of it as a key. If I remove the key, the bulb got detached. If I add the key, the bulb got attached. So I first detach the bulb and calculate what the potential difference across the battery is. And how do I do that? Well, I go back to my galvanometer. I notice there is a deflection right now which says that the voltage here is not exactly the voltage of the battery. So let's start sliding. As I slide to the right, notice the deflection reduces, reduces, reduces, reduces, reduces, reduces. And here we go, zero. Because the deflection is zero, I know the voltage here must be exactly equal to the voltage of the battery, which is the EMF. So now the question is, what is the voltage here? To do that, I'm gonna calculate the length of that wire. So let's say that length is L1. And just like what we saw before. Now, length is L1. That means the voltage over there, the voltage across the battery, that's going to be phi, which is the voltage per meter, times L1. And you may be wondering, do I know the value of phi? Well, usually when a potential meter is given to you, the value of phi is usually given, but over here you will see that's not even required as you will understand. Okay, now the next step is I want to calculate what the voltage of the battery is with the bulb. So I'm going to plug in the key now to connect the bulb over here. And my question to you is, when I plug in the key, do you think the galvanometer deflection will still be zero? Will it still be balanced or not? Take a moment to think about this. Let's see. It's not. The reason it's not is because as we discussed earlier, now the voltage across the battery has reduced. So we are not at the balancing length. So I have to slide again. Should I slide to the right or should I slide to the left? Let's see. If I slide to the right, ooh, the reflection increases. Of course, because the voltage has reduced here, right? If I slide to the right, I'm increasing the voltage difference even more. So I need to slide to the left. The voltage has reduced. I need to reduce the voltage here as well. So I'm going to slide to the left. Slide, slide, slide. And here we go. So now I'm getting the new balancing length. This balancing length refers to the voltage across the battery with the bulb. And so if I call this length as L2, and this voltage, which is the voltage across the battery with the bulb, is going to be phi times L2. And guess what? We are done. Because notice in this equation, phi cancels out and you can do the algebra, right? Again, feel free to pause the video and do the algebra and see what R equals to in terms of L1 and L2. And if you do that, I'm pretty sure you can. You'll end up with this equation. But again, I want to stress you don't have to remember the equations. How many equations will you remember? You know how to do the algebra, right? So you don't have to remember the equations. Stop remembering equations. Concept is all that matters. So to quickly summarize, the first thing we did to measure the internal resistance is build the battery equation, which can be done using Ohm's law. And the insight over here is that the voltage across the battery reduces when you attach anything across it. And when you don't have anything across, the voltage of the battery is the EMF. Once we got that knowledge, then we went ahead and used the potentiometer. First, we used the potentiometer to calculate the voltage of the battery without the bulb. That gives us the EMF. Then we went ahead and hooked up the bulb and recalculated the voltage across the battery. Since that voltage has reduced a little bit, we got a little smaller value of the balancing length. And once we got that, we plug in, we simplify, and that's how you measure the value of R. And of course, in your lab, you'll also have a switch over here. You don't want to keep this primary circuit on all the time. And you might have another internal resistance over here which I've ignored. And of course, you would be doing this experiment two or three times and calculating the average value that you'd get.


He was a military genius. Soleimani is, it's difficult to convey how revered he is. Completely heroic figure, personally very brave. By killing Qasem Soleimani, the U.S. has stripped Iran of an inspirational military leader. At the time. But that's nothing compared to the murder or the assassination of General Soleimani. As you've all probably heard by now, we've bombed an Iranian Revolutionary Guard Commander who was responsible for over 6,000 attacks against U.S. coalition forces and around 500 U.S. service member deaths. However, a Republican president who is obsessively hated by a partisan media approved the strike. So of course they're signing with America's enemies and circling the wagons around a terrorist. He was a military genius. Soleimani is, it's difficult to convey how revered he is. Completely heroic figure, personally very brave. By killing Qasem Soleimani, the U.S. has stripped Iran of an inspirational military leader. At the time. But that's nothing compared to the murder or the assassination of General Soleimani. The U.S. officially classified him as a terrorist, but in Iran he was a national hero. Smart, charismatic, ruthless, strategic and bold. This really shouldn't surprise anybody given their anguish and praise for al-Baghdadi after he was killed by U.S. forces. If you follow me on Twitter, and if you don't you should by the way, you know that I have a pinned clip from ABC News' David Murr who shockingly described the terrorist as a quote, passionate leader. Major development of the fight against ISIS. Abu al-Baghdadi, the passionate leader with a taste for western luxury. Others in the media equidice praise with the Washington Post actually calling him an austere scholar. This is a terrorist who targeted kids at a music concert. This is our enemy, a guy who has killed Americans. Why give him these accolades? To hurt Trump? Even Iraqis were celebrating this guy's death. They were even baking cakes to thank Trump. This is who CBS News calls an inspiring military genius. Well this is a crisis that President Trump has really created between the U.S. and Iran because- Wait, wait, wait, wait. Did he just say that Trump created this problem with Iran? I just love how these unhinged blind partisans like Max Boo will just rewrite history on national live television and nobody on CNN calls them on it. Although the U.S. and Iran have a long history of animosity dating back to 1979. So Trump didn't create this problem. Relations had actually quieted down quite a bit since President Obama concluded the Iranian nuclear deal. Tensions at ease, huh? In 2016, Iran took two U.S. naval vessels hostage then took pictures of the captured U.S. sailors and used them as propaganda. Oh yeah, those tensions, those are eased. We'll get right back to this media malpractice but first let me take a quick moment to thank this episode's sponsor, patrioticlegacy.com. Patrioticlegacy.com was nice enough to send me over one of these units so I could give you an honest review. I love this tactical flashlight. It's got everything you would ever need. Six overall lighting functions, escape features like the window hammer and the seatbelt cutter, solar charging so you don't need batteries, a power bank for charging your phone and other devices, and a removable compass with access to a personal safety alarm. Patrioticlegacy supports veterans and YouTubers like yours truly. So head on over there and make sure to use the promo code DRONE20 to get 20% off your purchase. Thank you. When I see reports like this coming from politically partisan media, it really comes off to me as propaganda for our enemies. The media played these exact same games during the Bush administration, yet when Obama becomes president, suddenly controversy over military conflicts is just gone. And they all dutifully lined up behind their president. Obama even promised to end all the wars, yet ended up bombing more countries than Bush did and got a Nobel Peace Prize for it. Do you remember any protests over Obama's military conflicts? I sure don't. When his administration took out the leader of Libya, Momar Gaddafi, the media applauded it, and Hillary Clinton glowingly bragged about it. That is the land of unconfirmed videos. We came, we saw, he died. Did it have anything to do with your visit? I'm sure it did. You see, this is why I can't take Democrats and their media seriously when they prattle on about democracy and love of country and patriotism, because in reality, they hate the U.S. and they want to bring it down. They only love this country when their party occupies the White House. For example, Hollywood mutant Rose McGowan, who actually took to Twitter to apologize to Iran, and even said that she doesn't side with the USA. This propaganda-addled moron actually thinks we're about to be engaged in World War III and is groveling to Iran to save lives.  She's a product of Hollywood and our media. However you decide to support this channel, I really appreciate it. Thank you and keep coming back.