I feel myself as a global citizen because I always feel that when you grow up from a nomadic community you don't feel yourself that you belong to one space and very locked land. No, you feel that you belong to the open space. You belong to all the peoples and you live in harmony with even fishermen and farmers, you are a pastor or someone who is going to the office. So you feel that and this is the open spirit of growing up in a nomadic community. Let me tell you like a little history about me. Please.  Today I am so excited. I have the wonderful honor and to introduce someone so fabulous to you, Hindu Umaru Ibrahim. She is a United Nations Sustainable Development Goal advocate and environmental activist and member of Chad's Pastorial Muboro community. Hindu began advocating for indigenous rights and environmental protection at age 16, founding the Association for Indigenous Women and Peoples of Chad stands for AFPAT to introduce new income revenue activities for women and collaborative tools such as 3D participatory mapping to build sustainable ecosystem management and reduction of natural based resource conflicts. Her vision is to grow support for both traditional knowledge and science to improve resilience to climate change, especially for rural communities. She was a member of the indigenous peoples of Africa coordinating community and served as co-chair of the international indigenous peoples forum on climate change during the historical United Nations Climate Change Conference COP 21 in Paris. She is dedicated to the protection of all indigenous peoples from the Congo to the Arctic and the value of their knowledge in the fight against climate change. She advances environmental protection for indigenous peoples by participating in international policy dialogues held around three Rio conventions climate change UNFCCC biodiversity through CBD and desertification from UNCCD pressuring governments to recognize land rights of indigenous peoples and advance their solutions for climate adaptation and mitigation. Ibrahim's work with indigenous communities at the local and global levels has achieved broad recognition and support including the Pritzker Emerging Environmental Genius Award, the Daniel Mitterrand Prize, appointment as a UN Sustainable Development Goals Advocate, Conservation International Board Member and Fellow, and Luea Walton Senior Fellow, an EAD advisory board member, and of course the most important, the National Geographic Explorer, kind of how she started out. She was recognized by the BBC as top 100 women leader and by Time Magazine women's leaders in climate change. Her TED talk on indigenous knowledge meets science to solve climate change and has surpassed more than 1 million views. I could go on and on. It has been an amazing road. Has it not, Hindu? Did I leave anything out? No, I can really say all, but I mean, it's not that one who defined me. It's not having all this long list that defined me. I think it's very simple to define me. It's just like an indigenous Bororo woman does it. Then it can cover all the rest. Exactly. It's about the message. It's not about all the awards and recognition.  We are past, I believe, have crossed many times at the climate conferences, but it really truly crossed in Songdo, Korea at the NAP Expo where we were participating in the resilience frontiers program through the national adaptation program as well with the UNFCCC. And I know I just had a wonderful time with you there, but I really got to see the deep passion and insight on your voice for indigenous peoples and you changed my life. I must say that it was so wonderful to meet you and participate with you because your wisdom and knowledge surpasses all. So that's kind of a little bit of our history, how we came together and how we've met, but I really wanted to almost start out right away with the question, how have you weathered, how have you gotten through this pandemic time? How has it been for you? Yeah, I think the world is facing a very difficult time now and then what's special about this pandemic because it is same like the climate. It is not respecting any frontiers. It's crossing all from developed to developing countries, from all our nation across all the oceans and showing us how as human being we are very vulnerable. So I'm experiencing that through a very difficult time because as I am coming from a nomadic pastoralist community and who are living in very remote area where there is no electricity, no televisions, so we can't talk about the internet. Even there is no radio that's covering all the places where my people are moving around. And while we are just following the pass of the rain to move from one place to another one and then the season do not wait for the virus to pass before to come back. So the season are continuous. The dry season, rain season are doing the same rhythm that they do have but with the corona the clothes or the borders and even in the one country like Chad the clothes also they are sub-national and then my people do not cross one place to another one to go after the rain. Like in this time normally some of my peoples supposed to be in Central African Republic and others around Cameroon but they are all locked down in Chad and you know what's happening just like since last year all the cattle start dying around like Chad. All the cattle start dying. So all the photos that we are seeing that sharing through WhatsApp is that the cattle is dying and when the resources are not there the people become more vulnerable and especially the old peoples and the children. So that's exactly what is happening. It's not only the virus but it is only the food security of the peoples, the way of life of the peoples and all what we are doing to protect the environment become now in a very complicated way. I really agree. I hope it's good for you. How are you experiencing it? I've actually honestly it's been a time that we need to respect and it's been a great pause and it's very serious but what for me it's actually been one because of the message that you and I present to people about the sustainable development goals and about resilience and sustainability in general. It's been a really busy time so the projects have picked up the people who have heard the message in the past or who haven't heard the message and need help during this time. I've been put in a unique position to be able to help them to offer them the knowledge and the services that I have to help them through this difficult time. So it's been both good and bad. It's been fortunate but my projects have tripled and I'm busier than ever trying to spread the message and help people to build in that resilience and that sustainability into their life and into their businesses and how they have that effect on the world and what you just said on how this period of time has kind of both been both things for you and that it's really tied to the bigger elephant in the room is this climate change and climate crisis that we're in that has caused and made a pandemic like this much worse than usual and then comes the lockdown periods. As the other reason I asked and really wanted to know I'm so glad that you're okay and that I'm sure it was a big time for you to kind of do house cleaning and reset and work on projects and have the time because you normally travel like crazy all over the world to spread the message as well but as a nomadic tribe as as Maboros and I'm not sure I'm saying that right is it Maboro is that correct sorry they're nomadic and they travel up to hundreds of kilometers a year sometimes thousands of kilometers a year with the herd with looking at the environment you spoke about this in your TED talk was there any besides climate change were there any precursors or warning signs that you were seeing that our biome our climate was not diverse enough to handle a virus like this to handle something like this or things that were where that helped you guys as a nomadic resilient movable tribe to come through this time a little bit better than others I think I mean I can say better than others or worse than others because already the virus killed a hundred thousand of peoples around the world yes those who have even the best hospitals the best ventilators the availability of the peoples or so died so for us who do not have even the hospital the basics it's it's the basic one we don't have it so I mean hopefully for now when we don't have any cases so far because also we are living in a community who is a very remote area than others so that make us maybe protect for now because we don't have an access open door to just to meet with other peoples that for now but when there is food and security so people do not stay in the same place they have to go to look for something that to feed them families and it's going to be the contact with other peoples and that warning me a lot because there are some cases who are around the big towns chart is not a big I mean a big populations around the world we are a landlocked country we don't have like any seaboard the nearest sea it's up to thousand and five hundred kilometers so that's mean we are really in the lock place but we do have about thousand cases so it's really like not normal if you are far from all this connection you must be much protected but no it is not the case we have more than thousand and we have more than hundred peoples died so those around all the big countries and then the issue is there is no way to know who have the corona or who have not because it's becoming a marginalized things people do not say I am sick I have the symptom because you will be rejected from the communities it's happened already someone who gets sick and then he gets recovered is a young person and he got rejected by his own family he ended up homeless in our countries because we don't have that's crazy yeah he slept in the chat so in my community the worry for us it is when you contract this pandemic is going to be very difficult to get access to the hospitals so the only thing that from the community we are doing now it's turning up to our traditional knowledge we are not sure if it can heal the pandemic but at least it can heal some symptom because we do use always as usual the herb or plant to come down the fevers to help peoples for the diaries and then for when you are coughing you know like which herb which plant that you can boil it and drink and how isolate that you can be which kind of covering that you have so our own basic system that we use to use for our other sickness so we continuously like using it I give you the example last week my organization so we went to add communities because so the communities also be quite far away for around lecture where is the very dramatic climate change there so then in that place they found peoples inside the water because where there is water and pastures there was there so then we start like explaining to them what is happening which measure they can take and giving them some mask for those who have to go out from the communities and some soap because you know people do not have even yes so they can have like water for washing hand or gel to put in the hand it's very illicit things I'm seeing in developed countries and when they say like wash your hand every four hours with the soap and then use the gel I'm like okay in my peoples they do not have even clean water for drinking for themselves so they can't wash them hands so for us environmental impact and this pandemic increase what is already happening increase the impact of the climate change the vulnerability of the peoples and adding to them again poverty and malnutrition in the communities but yeah we do our best to help ourselves with our own knowledge this is the most important part yes the community come in solidarity they come all together helping the most vulnerable it is not like when I eat I don't care about my neighbors so when you have a piece of food you share it with your neighbors and if you don't have and all of you don't have together so that's really beautiful that's beautiful that's beautiful thanks for sharing that and I I know your chat is your home and and that's where your heart is I'm sure but you represent indigenous peoples all around the world from from every corner from Chad to the Antarctic I guess or to to wherever indigenous people live and you represent them very well with that and your numerous travels that you do there's this term that we've heard of global citizenship or global citizen because you're spreading a message not only through these indigenous peoples but also all around the world for the UN at the World Economic Forum for Conservation International and you have this global type of a reach do you one feel like you are a global citizen and how would you feel about the removal of borders of of walls of limitations in our world what is your view and your feelings and your understandings of this yeah I mean actually mark you say I feel myself as global citizen because I I always feel that when you grow up from a nomadic community you you you don't feel yourself that you belong to one space and very locked land no you feel that you you belong to the open space you belong to all the peoples and you live in harmony with even fishermen and farmers you are pastorally or someone who's going to the office so you you feel that and this the open spirit of growing up in a nomadic community let me tell you like a little history about me please my my family my communities and me we do have our own family is pleaded in five countries in chat in Africa so we are in chat like I'm a Chadian because I get born in Chad so my mom and dad also so my uncles was born in Cameroon so like my father brought us directly born in Cameroon and have all them children's the grandchildren's whatever and my uncles directly in Central African Republic with all them children's and then they do have the nationality from there and then my aunties and others in Nigeria and others in Nigeria and some of them in Sudan so I can say like it's just maybe it's the family or parents no it's my direct cousins who are is pleaded and who can come with a different passports there and why we are belonging to all this because we are nomadic because we used to have our big land before the colonizations and for me that's why I found the world become very ridiculous when yesterday decided to cut the border and divide the families divide the communities divide even the ecosystem because we can't have a same legislations in two countries who chairing the same ecosystem so that's really ridiculous if we do have the same legislation for all the tropical forest same legislation for all the wetland for all the dry land for all the desert I think that might give a big impact and something else like as human being we are just one species of the maker so we are not like we are human and then the rest are animals plant herb or whatever no it is the same boy the same boys I mean way of life between all the different species that make the nature diverse and that is the diversity so we are as human part of this diversity that's how I'm feeling that I'm a citizen of the world I cannot talk about protecting only my community only my peoples without talking about protecting the Sami peoples who are the indigenous people of Arctic or without talking about protecting the Batua who are the indigenous peoples of the Congo basin or without talking about the indigenous peoples in amazon or in the pacific so for me all indigenous peoples depend and belong from a specific ecosystem and then we can't just to put our effort to protect one ecosystem and say okay the rest we will come back later no it's have to be in the same time and that's how I feel and why I feel that I can't only fight for the right of my people without to fight for the right of all the rest of indigenous peoples even those who are fighting more than me or those who do not have even the voice to make it here so I have to make it and that's why I feel like I'm a global citizen I born a global citizen that's so wonderful I end resilience frontiers and song dough there was professor chin there and he talked about homo symbiosis I don't know if you remember and that we really need to become part of the symbiotic earth realize that we are no different than any other cultures that we're all distant cousins and that we're all an integral part of the system of our earth and you said it so beautifully and eloquently I as well grew up a global citizen my father was american my mother was german my grandmother was austra from austria and at a young age I visit my family all over the world in europe and and the united states and so it's it's really beautiful to to to have that feeling and the people that we associate with especially at the united nations are a mix of every everyone on this you know we we hear the discussion a lot about this this map behind me that there the world bank is a physical brick and mortar place no this is our world bank it's every resource everything on our planet it's where we live it's our only home and we're all moving in the same direction I I I love how you put that and I know you are a global citizen and thank you for giving me your insight and our listeners on on how to look at that so you you've you've weathered this period um very well you you you're showing the concern and speaking about where we need to go forward and what needs to happen what the realities are not only for chat but other places in the world that at the world economic forum this year which we were both there you gave such an eloquent um uh voice in a panel discussion there now the world economic forum is is saying we're in the midst of a great reset we need to reset and not go back to to the way things were or business as usual that we need to really change and that was also your message at that time your your message was very similar to that that in regards to climate change and to action and and to kind of stop the talk and really let's move forward in a new system can you tell me how you feel about the great reset if you um have have a vision there similar to that is increased even more i i think we talk a lot we did talk a lot and especially of the international community we need always like to argue to show the cases and then to explain the cases and then it's take us like the years and years and years before any like written agreement between the world nations come and then after this written agreement we said like okay fine how would we implement it and who do what who put the money who put the action and then it's become again a process a years and years and years but i think no we wasted a lot of time and it is not time to argue anymore so like in the world economic forum there is no sustainable business without sustainable planet yes because why they are businessmen because they just like are businessmen because they are doing it and they because there is no business man who call them businessman otherwise we all will be a businessman we all will be the same so it's kind of not work like this so they have to shift all what they are doing to protect the environment to protect the peoples put peoples centers in all the action that they are taking and that can help us to see where we are going all together so i mean i used to be i used to say like one thing that we have to understand even peoples who are very rich of the world who are attending this world economic forum who are deciding for it and even someone in my community who never turned up a light they have three things together all of them the pan of the air that they're breathing and all of them depend from the water that they're drinking it's can be clean water it's can be water in the bottle with gas without gas but it's called it water it's a natural resources and then they all need to eat the same food in the tables so it's can be like you eat meat every day or you eat cereal or whatever it's have to be in meat so you can be anyone in this else you need these three things to be survived so that's the most important thing why we do not just to focus our energy and protect what is important for us protect what give us food what give us clean air what give us water because that's all what it what is about it so if we are doing a sustainable business the I mean the business people do not cut the forest they are just to recycle things they respect the human being they put the equality and then the justice so they are saving themselves they are not saving the rest of the world they have to save themselves and if someone in my community moving from one place to another one in order to give break a natural break to the ecosystem to get regenerated in the natural way he's saving also his life but at the end of the day when we addition all it is saving our planet and I think you said well mark the map behind this our work bank so what is the bank it is our common features and that's all what we need to set we need to save our common features it's can come from technology so these technology have to be in the equal way adopt to all the reality that we have and share it among all the peoples it is from the traditional knowledge we have to respect it and value it and then give all what is needed to protect this knowledge and to pass it from one generation to another one and then we can cross the knowledge system together and we can build our better features together so it is time of action it is not time of talks anymore I totally agree and you really touched on two important parts one we already discussed with the global citizen there are politicians and leaders and borders nations that are making decisions in their localities for us that are affecting the entire world and I'll get there's many examples but one example is both scenario by allowing the rainforests to burn that doesn't just affect Brazil it affects the entire world and our biome our ecosystem and is affecting not only indigenous peoples but everyone in the world because we are breathing the same air we are drinking the same water we are eating the same food and our earth is not only our resource but if we do this homo symbiosis or this symbiotic earth where we become part of our ecosystem and our world things go much better and so I like that you know your your reference to global citizens and that we have to have this balance of of action but there are reasons why not only we need to raise our voice but raise our actions because there's people in places making decisions for the world that they shouldn't do because there are no borders that exist that hold the air back just in Brazil or hold the biodiversity back just in Brazil it doesn't work our planet doesn't work that way so really this homo symbiosis you were global citizens and we should have a voice all around the world we should be able to realize that decisions made in other parts of the planet affect us and realize how we can divide the stewardship of our planet not by nations and borders and walls but how can we collaboratively work together as humanities the wonderful thing is since we work for the united nations is every country is represented at the united nations and has the opportunity to present a voice and take part in the plan of things my question that I ask a lot in our discussions and I ask people this all over the world is the burning question wtf now some people might think that's a bad word and it's not it's a simple question of what's the future and I want to I would like you to answer what's the future can do personally I think the future can look like what we wanted to build it from now so if we wanted to build the future from now moving forward the better future where there is will be equity justice sharing of the resources and protecting the nature in the peoples so the future will look like very great and we will save all what we want but to do it we need like a very radical transformation from all the peoples and from all the nations it can be from developed countries where they have to stop the fossil fuel shift from it all those solutions to the renewable energy uh put the uh favors to the uh climate justice to the environment protection to the restoration of the ecosystem to the economy change because it's not only the environment it is the system that need to change to the democracy more democratic world to give the citizen the power and from developing countries to take a new model of development to to think about not like a a mistake that the developed countries did but build from a new system where the population can get access to the power to the to the justice to the basic development needs and then the future will look really like great and for me like what is the future the future it is about generations because it is not about like okay the future is something that's coming far it is about the generation it is about how you can have your kids how you want to dress your kids to respect each other to respect the different colors to respect the different peoples to respect the diversity of the world the different languages and to integrate all this diversity and live with them the future it's about what we are leaving to our children's and what our children's living to them grandchildren's the future like for indigenous peoples for my peoples it is about the next seven generation that coming up and to have the seven generation coming up you need to think about the last seven generation that passed to build it so then the future for me it's about like i know the names of seven generation of my grandfather like my father the father of my father the father the father of my father until seven of them i have to know them name them and know what they did and them lives and that's can help me to build up from my children's to them grandchildren's until the seven generation what am i going to live for them so i think this is the feature and if we all think like this i think we can have the better features this is my really best to wish for all of us and i think we have a window to do it beautiful we can do it yes we definitely can do it and i agree with you what what you say is so congruent and with many other things that we discussed so not only the generations so the core there are many definitions of to be sustainable or to have sustainability but it's really about having resources for future generations to be able to pay your workers to be able to feed your family to be able to have enough resources to live in the future to sustain yourself for many generations so i like that that wisdom and the way you put it the the great thing with this this question the burning question what's the future is you also mentioned we need to be now on a very expedient or what they're calling the exponential roadmap to 2030 which is the sustainable development goals now when we speak to people we speak to tons of people i speak to a lot of business people a lot of the world economic form you did as well what we're seeing is that when you for a long time when you speak to people about sustainability or about environmentalism or or things that they can do they always say oh that's expensive or it's going to it's hard to do or is there going to be profit in it are we going to be able to have resources and continue business doing that i want to tell you a couple positive things that i'm sure you already know but i i don't know if our listeners know is through this great pause and reset we've we've had some benefits the first one is every year we have this thing called the earth overshoot day so last year the earth overshoot day was july 29th and just two weeks ago i believe it was the new earth overshoot is august 22nd so we've gained about 32 days of extra time just through this pause this reset less movement less emissions better stewardship of our planet even though it wasn't what we wanted it was kind of forced upon us but it's it's something that really in some respects really helped our planet now to go to what the businessman wanted would want to hear or the investor or the board um all environmental social governance divestments and investments outperformed outperformed their conventional counterparts um by leaps and bounds during this time in the in the last quarter of last year and in the first quarter of this year all esg stocks and investments outperformed their conventional non-sustainable counterparts and it is a better business model and operating system to change and have a good stewardship over our environment over our resources over the way we do business it's not only a better business model but it also is a i hate to use the word profitable but it's a long term more sustainable for business those businesses that did not have those plans that did not implement sustainability in their plans a lot of them have had layoffs a lot of them had to close down their doors and they didn't weather it through this time at all those who were who did that they were in a better place to create respirators and create soaps and masks and help people with food during this time and that leads me to what you do as a sustainable development goal advocate i i believe you do believe that we have a solid plan to reach 2030 and i would like you to tell us what your view and your message is for the sustainable development goals to humanity and when you speak to someone about them um how you do that how you help them understand how vital they are i think the beautiful things that we got from the u n you said very earlier it's coming all the nation of the world together and in the equal way you can be a big country or a small country in the size or in the uh economic or in the number of the citizen you have the same one voice and these beautiful things help us to get the sdg who are the sustainable development goal and who set up by 2030 the world need to change and change by giving all the 17 goals from the food and security to the hunger to the education health to gender equality to water to water all the water oceans fresh water or to the environment to the business to the construction to the industry i mean everything that we have in our life coming together and closing door is the partnership that's why like i love the sdgs then i found that sdgs are the best to roadmap that we do have to get us out from what crisis that we are living now so when i talk to the peoples who know the sdgs they know already like the 17 goals they know each of them and they know they are very important so what i tell those peoples who know already what is sdg it's telling them to do not choose one of them to implement all the 17 goals together because if you don't have like a good education you can have a good health if you don't have a good industry you can not fight the hunger or poverty and if you don't serve the oceans you can't protect the biodiversity if you do not fight the climate change you can have a equality or justice for gender and you cannot also have a sustainability in peace and to do all you have all to come together from civil society governments business man woman teachers volunteers everyone have to come together and put them hands in this action in order to achieve them so that's what i talked with those the peoples who understand what is sdg and telling them that each action is con't you can do that in a smaller scale you can do that in the biggest scale but just to put it in the same way that the sdgs are that it's work but the most important if i'm talking to the peoples who do not know the sdgs who do not know like the r17 got somewhere they are you and somewhere who decided on it and when you come to africa or to around my region in sahel like 80 of the population depend from the rainfall from the agriculture from the fishery or from the pastoral they do not depend from the end of the month salary so that's mean they didn't want to school they do not know how to read or write or even if they know they do not know what is the you and what is the sdgs so my talks to those people it's like you have to change your way of life it's simple sdgs it is the way of our life and what is the way of our life it is also like how you can give the better education to your children even you don't have the school but you can give the education to your children that respecting your neighbors is very important it is part of the educations managing well the natural resources is very important it is part of the educations and protecting your environment it is part of your health and your food system so creating like a social cooperation between peoples this is the industry this is the business so like giving the rights and then coming together deciding together so it is just like the way that i'm using to talk to the peoples who know the sdgs or who do not know the sdgs but i think in this way the most important for me is how you can help the governments who take these decisions to implement the sdgs in the daily action plan at the national level and how from the national level they can localize the sdgs to make them local and implement them in the local level and this is the the way of leaving no one behind because if it's the capital who's deciding for the rest of the world for the rural areas they are leaving them behind but if they localize the sdgs they give them the way to decide about which kind of development they want how they are participating this is the sustainability so if you you put someone in the heart of the decisions he make it his decision and it's become more sustainable than when you design things and you give him it's can't work anymore he always like wet and say if it didn't work it is your problem if it's work it's fine but he don't he's not caring if you do not do the follow up but if he did it himself it's going to be more sustainable ever i love that thank you so much hindu it's so beautiful how you address the sustainable development goals and go in deep on not only how you speak to someone who already is aware of of what they are and someone who doesn't know about the sustainable development goals in the beginning you also reference that the sustainable development goals are a system that it's virtually impossible to just work on one and not work on the others if you were to pick you know no poverty red and say oh that's my favorite color red no poverty that's the one i'm going to work on most people who do that or would try that would realize it's virtually impossible to not only not touch on zero hunger quality education life on land life below water clean water and sanitation production and consumption and on and on because they are all a system and tied together and so if you use a systems approach a critical thinking systems approach to solve our global grand challenges and address the sustainable development goals that's truly how we solve problems now you were at the cop 21 in paris that was the sustainable development goals came out first september 24th 2015 and then you were at cop 21 where the signing of the pair or at the agreement of the paris agreement and then later it was ratified it's a historical precedence not only were you in a historical place in moment in time to to witness that i was there as well and it's a beautiful thing but the other realization that people don't have that you also touched upon is it's the world's first ever global earth shot moonshot action plan and it's a historical event you and I both know from politicians and delegates it's hard for two countries to agree upon where they're going to eat lunch or decide on anything let alone 100 over 193 countries to say this is the roadmap this is the plan for the future and that is such a beautiful thing which also is like the 17th sdg this partnership this coming together this breaking down borders walls and barriers to reach a better future by december 20 2030 and with that whole thing in mind it is also a complete similar like the world economic form and the un have said since the pandemic a complete reset because what the 17 sdgs do is a new economy a new equality for everybody on earth it's not just the us it's not just china it's not just africa it's not just europe it's for everyone and we need to this is what you mentioned you just have to change you have to do it a different way that's sustainable and we're seeing those results so i thank you for that and i i really believe truly that uh you are the one of the most wonderful advocates for the sdgs that i've ever met and you're very passionate to make sure that it's a bottom up approach that you address the indigenous peoples and those who might not even speak one of the languages of which the sdgs are written in to make sure that they can understand it during this time of the pandemic have you had a certain discussion or read a certain book or had anything that's impacted your life or had an aha moment that said boy this is the climate showing us what we need to do have you had anything specific that's touched your life yes i mean i do i do have something who touched me personally and who touched me globally so personally i got like a time where you are not traveling and and i was back home with the communities and then i realized more and more that if we don't have our nature we have nothing we can survive we can close all the border we can build a war but we can survive and these things i think many people realize it when they close they decided to close all the border from the very big countries they make announcement to the country like mine who close the left one thing the food shift the shipping of the food was open to all the world they say no car travel no plane travel like no one can go out of the border but if you have a car who are carrying a food yes you can pass the border so that's make me realize how human being we are depending from the environment because that's also what indigenous peoples try to tell to the world for centuries and centuries we say that when we protect our nature we protect ourselves and we have to do it because nature is the best supermarket that we do have without adding a value and a single product so that's make me personally like yes it's confirming all what we are saying for centuries as indigenous peoples so the world leaders realize now they cannot be auto-sufficient if they close the border and they think that the food that they are producing can be enough for them they have to exchange what the nature gives us better and they cross all the border so this is really very important so then globally what i understood like everyone coming like oh we are losing a lot so we have to inject money in the economy so they put a billions and billions that they wanted to inject in the economy because they are very scared to lose the jobs very scared to lose the power of them industry or the power of them countries yes and then they call it like oh while we need the food we have to call it green recovery so i found that very amazing then it's amiss me a lot i said like okay fine you can use this amount of the money like what you wanted to use it it is not about job only it is not about economy only it is about the nature it is about the environment so this money need to be inject on a protecting the nature it's need to be inject on the fighting against climate change it's need to be inject about the restoration of the ecosystem because we need the fertile land we need the clean water we need the biodiversity to come up so for me it's really like obvious when we say the world loss like more than 60 percent of our species i'm like we get a unique opportunity to restore it now because with this virus with this pandemic we know that we are really very vulnerable when we destroy the ecosystem we pay the bill immediately so when we restore we protect the ecosystem we save our lives we save the health the economy and the food so that's make me realize many things and then i'm like well we need to continue the way that we are doing the advocacy but we need to make it very hard and very fast now and then the countries need to understand we don't have to beg anymore to get like hundred billions for the climate change give them money now and then climate action now no it's have to be a reality they have to put these billions into the climate action into the biodiversity restorations and that can create naturally the jobs that can reduce naturally the economy and that can create a justice and equality among the people in a very natural way without that we count the numbers it is not a statistic but it is the realities that we are living during this break we've been on several calls together with the club of Rome and this planetary emergency group who is also the UN is involved and many other organizations are involved to specifically help leaders world leaders and governments know how important it is that the monies the bailouts where they go that they get involved in and return to our environment to sustainability to movements to protect our biodiversity and our ecosystem and to keep us within the safe operating spaces of our planetary boundaries and you've been one of the major signers on several of those letters that have gone out and matter of fact i believe just last week was one of the letters that that went out was published all over with the club of Rome and the UN and with you of how that money should be put back into good use i do do not i i i take a little bit of harder stance and i don't know if you do as well i do not believe that companies should be bailed out if they weren't sustainable if they didn't divest and start esg practices then and they were harming the planet then they really don't always deserve to be bailed out or given given monies to recover now if they have a plan for environmental social governance and sustainability deep into their operating models into their business plan and do not go back to businesses usually i believe that they deserve to have some monies to help get our planet where it needs to be that's part of the big reset the other reason i i i spoke to you about this you know what's the future right now in some areas and in chat it's obviously a little bit different but we're wearing these these face masks to go out we're using personal protection equipment and disinfections if we push that model forward into the future the next step is a gas mask the next step is an oxygen mask the next step is a is a spacesuit in order to join enjoy our environment that's not the future that i want and i'm sure it's not the future that you want and so we need to to uh fix what we've damaged and get back into that safe operating space of our planetary boundaries so that just to function in the future we don't have those extreme measures and that leads me to my second to last question for you and it's similar to the burning question but it's a little bit more specific that i want you to only answer what does a world that works for everyone look like for hindu i mean definitely i agree with you now what the world that will look like for me is the world where everyone will be free of his movement is the world where my peoples can cross the border and found water and pastures and live the way to the nature to get restored in a natural way the world where i can go out without fear without fearing about my own other human being that work next next to me if he contaminate me or i contaminate him so i think it's really very important that the rules we are fixing in our life to be the rules that we wanted for our self for our children's of course you say today we are wearing the mask we are using the gels keeping a one meter of distance and what will be tomorrow then what is the next when there is new pandemic what are we going to do so if we have to look what causes this pandemic and fight this i think we can live in a better and safe place i know and we all know because we destroy our resources we destroy the environment and then the environment responding because to now there are a lot of discussions that like i can't explain to my community how the virus come and what is the origin of the virus because even from the peoples where it started they say oh it is the insect no it is the birds no it is the animals no it is whatever so what am i going to say to my community we do not know about it and who innocently getting sick from it yes so so so that's the team so i want to the world where i can live without fears when i can move freely with my peoples and where we can live as community as families or together but not getting scared from each other no beautiful beautiful thank you so much and do and my last question for you is really it is for you because you have numerous messages for those who you represent and for the works that you do if you were able to go up to every individual on this earth individually and give them just one message your message what would that message be that could have the power to change our life and our world forever is there a message that you have that you want to give our listeners like that from you i think if i can meet like every single individual around the world from the head to the nine billion peoples i will help from the children to the all man to the women's i will tell them in them first our features it's your decisions and that that's mean like every single action can't if you use your way of living for the sustainable youth living it is for all the world that you are doing it so a single action can't you don't have to do a big one but in a small count if everyone of us planting a tree protecting a water living with solidarity with his neighbors and choosing for a sustainable life not for the fossil fuels i think we can do it we can make it we can change it it is not only the politician who can make us change we are the master of our life and we can change our own life because it is not a president or a minister or someone who can tell me hindu if you use the local water it's good or if you use a bottle of water transferred by plan from every place it's good because they are not the master of my life yes i drink this water so i can make my own decision so make your decisions our feature it is your decision thank you so much hindu we the message is so beautiful because you're letting everybody know that nobody is a passenger on our spaceship earth everybody is a crew member and has no matter how big or small has a part to to guide our destiny and you put it so eloquently thank you so much for your time and we i know i've already taken so much of it so i'm i'm going to thank you and let you go and and i wish you all the best and we will see each other very soon if not online at one of our events many events that we go to thank you all the best thank you so much hindu i will see you physically soon because we are human and because we are fighting for the cause we are believing on it so we will meet the pandemic cannot be if a block is for us and the climate we will fight it together we will support our world beautifully together thank you so much all my listeners and myself we're with you 100 so you come with a big tribe so i thank you very much and you have a wonderful day thank you hindu bye bye


Let's start off by talking about art. Do you like art? Growing up, a way to express myself and just generally showing my emotions through whatever medium that I choose, I actually prefer art more than music in some different ways. I like to paint and I like to see people how they express themselves as well through their art. So yeah, I do love art. Do you think that art classes are important in school? I actually feel like art is very subjective. Teaching basic theories about art and stuff like that, I feel like yes, it is sometimes necessary so people can understand let's say basic concepts such as color theory and whatnot. However, I don't feel like following a certain concept or how to draw this or how to draw that is quite necessary. Like I feel like your own creative mind can go in whatever direction you want it to go to. Who are your favorite artists? So my favorite artist in terms of the music industry, I would say Rihanna. I love her music. I love like every time I put it on my car and I'm driving, I just love listening to her music because it literally changes my mood and I love listening. I love sharing that experience with my friends as well so she's tops my favorite artists. Now let's talk about animals. Do you have a pet at home? I actually have two pets. They're both cats. I love animals but specifically cats. I love everything about them. So I have two cats. One her name is Nuni. The other is Tutti. And Nuni kind of describes me as a person. Like we kind of share the same behaviors. So she's very lazy sometimes. She's also introverted I would say. I really love cats. I love how fluffy and sometimes friendly they are. I also enjoy their company just them being there. Would you like a different pet in the future? So I used to have ducks, two ducks and unfortunately I had to give them up to shelter because I felt like I couldn't properly take care of them in my house. So in the future I really hope that I could revisit that memory of them of taking care of my ducks. So hopefully in the near future maybe if I'm fully settled in my own house I would love to have two more ducks. And do you prefer cats or dogs? Definitely cats. I think it's because I come from a Muslim family. So we kind of have a taboo or an idea of dogs. It's not clean. So cats are just the way to go. I love cats. Their personality, the way they look, the way they act, everything about them. Now let's talk about reading. How often do you read books? Back in middle school I used to be so into books. It was basically my personality trait. I really really enjoyed like I had my alone time is just spending my time reading books. And at one point my family just told me like get out of the house like what are you doing? And even if I did go out of the house I would just carry my book everywhere I go. As of recently I kind of fell off of that habit of reading constantly because just with everything happening in my life I can't keep up. But I would say once every two months I would read books. What book would you recommend to a friend? So I would recommend All the Bright Places. I forgot the name of the author. But I think that book really depicts what a teenager would go through. Like I said I used to read back in middle school and also in high school. So I felt like that book really spoke to me. I really related to that book. And I would recommend it to a friend because I generally feel like it kind of relates to you know the adolescence or teenagers in general. Do you prefer to read ebooks or paper books? I generally prefer physical or hard copies because I like the feel of the book being in my hand especially because I use my phone daily for a lot of things. I would like to change up my routine every once in a while. So a hard copy would feel like it's a different vibe to my daily routine. Now let's talk about photography. Who do you normally take photos of? Whenever I go out or step outside the house I love taking pictures of whether it's of my friends, my family members or cats. I actually enjoy looking at things from a different perspective. So let's say just like the book on the table or the light or even just a bird from afar. I like taking pictures to show people like through my eyes what I see or how I view the world. Do you ever put any of your photos in frames? I've actually never thought about that. I've never done that before. It's actually interesting because I've seen a lot of people do that online where they print out their Polaroid pictures or like a physical copy of pictures that they've taken before and they framed it. And actually I think I've seen my friends do that before so I mean why not maybe once I move out. When you are on holiday do you prefer to send postcards or do you prefer to take photos and send them to people? I've never done the postcards thing before I feel like it's kind of outdated but I wouldn't mind doing that or start doing that in my vacations but I usually just take photos and send it on WhatsApp let's say my family group. I send it just to show them like what I've been up to in my vacation. So yeah just photos. I would like to talk about the author or the writer that I would like to meet in the future. Unfortunately she passed away but the writer is Jane Austen. She is the writer of Pride and Prejudice which is the current read that I'm reading right now. The reason why I would like to meet her is because of how during her time which is around 1700s or 1800s I was always interested in like the Victorian or like how they were in the past. The way they dress, the way they talk especially because people in the past spoke differently like the language or the words that they used were very different. Right now I'm reading one of her books Pride and Prejudice and sometimes I have to google what she's saying like I don't understand what she wrote. It's very interesting the way she writes or like the language that she uses describing her like the setting, the story setting. I really enjoy it and I would like to find out about her lifestyle specifically because again I'm just very interested or intrigued about the idea of like living in that era of where the time that she was still alive. Why I would like to meet her is because I'm again very interested in how she speaks or how she spoke and the language or language that she uses. Well done. That's the end of the two minutes. So we've been talking about a writer that you would like to meet and we're going to continue to talk about reading in section three. What kind of books are most popular with children in your country? To thank you for watching this video I want to give you a free course that has helped thousands of students improve their IELTS speaking score. What it's going to do is take you through every single part of the test and give you strategies for part one, part two and part three and also allow you to practice at home for free and get feedback. To sign up for that for free all you have to do is just click the link in the description. Thanks very much and let's get back to the video. In my country to be honest I'm unaware of I don't know that much but when I was a kid I used to like Dr. Seuss. Even now sometimes if I see Dr. Seuss online I would I would just skim through it because I like how it rhymes. It was just fun to read to be honest. Why do you think that some children don't read very often? So I'm a firm believer in in terms of how parents reinforce their children. So when it comes to like I've seen I've personally seen how parents act with their children giving them iPads or like just letting them watch TV. So I believe that if parents enforce their children to read more books or encourage them to start reading together that would be a fun exercise to do at home. Other than that I feel like the parents are usually the biggest reinforcers. Now let's talk about reading for different purposes. Do you think that speed reading is a useful skill to have? I do think that it is a useful skill. So for me I I read really slow like sometimes I have to reread a paragraph because I couldn't just decipher what it was saying. So I feel like in terms of like high demand jobs where they need to get a lot of things done on time. So speed reading could be a useful skill. Some people believe that reading novels is more interesting or more enjoyable than reading non-fiction. Why do you think that is? So I feel like reading just generally could give you a time out from everything. I would understand why people would prefer fiction over non-fiction because just in your daily life you're experiencing a lot of draining energies around you. So when it comes to your alone reading time you get to experience or I guess be creative in your imagination. So yeah that's why I think fiction books are more popular. Recently many bookshops have had to close because of competition from online bookstores. Do you think that's a good thing or a bad thing? I think that it's a bad thing because I personally love when I physically go to the store and look through the books and just read or because I feel like buying a book should feel like an experience rather than like a chore. So buying it online diminishes that experience overall. So yeah I feel like it is a bad thing that the physical stores are closing and online stores are overtaking. Let me give you some feedback on your performance. So you're hoping to get a band nine and I'll go through the four marking criteria so pronunciation, fluency and coherence, grammar and vocabulary. So let's start off with your pronunciation. To thank you for making it this far in the video I want to give you 10% off our VIP course. IELTS VIP course is the most successful IELTS course in the world. That is a fact because we have more about seven, eight and nine success stories than any other IELTS course in the entire world. We do that by simplifying the whole IELTS process, supporting you with some of the best IELTS teachers in the world and being with you every step of the way until you get the score that you need. All you have to do is just look down in the description just click that and you can sign up. If you have any questions about the VIP course always feel free to get a touch with us. We answer 100% of the questions that we get. Hope that you become a VIP. If not, enjoy the rest of this free video. The examiner will be thinking about two things. One will be clarity. Can he or she understand everything that you're saying? And I can understand 100% of what you're saying. Every word, every syllable is extremely clear. The examiner is not really thinking about accents or anything like that. What they're thinking about is do I understand you? I can understand you 100%. So that's excellent. The examiner will also think about higher level pronunciation features such as intonation. Intonation is when our voice goes up and our voice goes down. We use that to convey meaning and you do that very, very naturally. You also use connected speech and sentence stress and word stress very, very well. So good start with the pronunciation. Let's move on to fluency and coherence. Coherence is did you answer the question and did you develop your answers enough? Did you give enough information and really dive into this topic? For part one, you really did. You nailed every single question. You answered it appropriately. You developed it enough. Part two, you were talking about Jane Austin. You would be fine for this one. It was describe a writer you would like to meet. Hypothetically, we could meet someone who's passed away. Just be very careful on test day. Make sure that you're really, really focusing in on that topic. For that one, I don't think any examiner would say, oh, you can't meet Jane Austin. So let's mark you down because it's kind of one of those questions. Who would you like to meet alive or dead? So you would be fine, but just be careful on test day. Part three, you did answer each question. However, you could have shown the other side of some of the things. For example, why do you think some children don't read books very often? So you said it's because of the parents. Are there any other sides to that? Is it because maybe you could talk about children, maybe they're distracted with other things? You did mention that. I'm being overly critical just to make sure that you do get the highest mark, but also some of the other questions. Could you have shown the other side of the argument? Could you maybe have thought of different ideas and explored different ideas? The way that you did answer it, I think would be absolutely fine. But on test day, towards the end of the test, students are often tired, stressed. They just want it to be over. And on test day, you might just pick an answer, pick an idea, answer it quite quickly without really knowing that you're answering it quickly. And then if you do that for all questions in part three, it could affect your score. For this one, I don't think it did. I'm just being really, really cautious. A good way to answer those questions is, okay, what do I think? What would someone who disagrees with me think? Explore the topic a little bit more. If you can, you don't have to do it for every answer. Because what will happen is if you try to think too much, it could affect your fluency. So you could be like, I don't know. And then that will affect your fluency a little bit. Overall, your fluency was excellent. In part three, you could tell when you were thinking. Generally, when people pause and hesitate a little bit, it's because they're thinking a lot more. But you were only thinking about the next idea. You weren't thinking about vocabulary or grammar or which tense am I using or what's a better adjective to use. If you were doing that quite a lot, it would lower your score. But the examiner recognizes that you're not looking for language, you're not looking for English. You're just thinking about the next idea. And you did, at times, but that's quite natural. The way you did it was very natural. If you and I were having a normal conversation, you would hear me doing that sometimes. So the examiner isn't looking for perfection. They're looking for if you went to university in an English-speaking country or you started working in New York or Sydney, would you be able to interact with people and sound natural? And you would. Your grammar is excellent. You have a massive range of grammar. You can talk about any topic. You also do that very accurately. You did make a couple of little tiny, tiny slips, like prepositions. I think you said in holiday instead of on holiday, for example. But native English speakers do that all the time. You can actually make these tiny little slips and still get one of the higher bands because it is a reflection of the fact that native English speakers, including me, who's an English teacher, I make little grammar slips from time to time when I'm speaking. You used some really, really high-level vocabulary like this. So this demonstrates that we asked you about a range of different topics, and you had enough vocabulary to discuss any of those topics. And all of your vocabulary was very, very accurate. And you were using great topic-specific vocabulary, idiomatic vocabulary. It's like speaking to a native English speaker. So you would get a band nine. Well done. And every faith that you would, if you did the real test, you would get the highest score. Well done. Thank you.


We're working under the sponsorship of Simtrop at the University of Polancariah, and we're carrying out biodiversity research. Our, I suppose, flagship species that we're studying are the orangutans, the gibbons and the clouded leopards. We've also, a couple of years ago, started studying the red langurs. We're also looking at all levels of biodiversity within the forest. So we're looking at ants and butterflies, frogs, birds, and we've also started doing a project on insects, general insects. So we're trying to understand as much as we can about the forest. We're also looking at forest regeneration and how the forest recovers after natural disturbance, like tree falls. Also human disturbance, for example, cutting canals into the forest or creating gaps to hunt the flying foxes. The research with the orangutans started just carrying out density surveys. Once it was discovered that orangutans lived in that forest, we realised we knew nothing about them. There was very little information about orangutans in Peaks-Wamp Forest. So the research was built on carrying out the density surveys to get an estimate of population. And from that, my colleagues Simon Husson and Helen Mora Barnard started habituating the orangutans so that we could follow them because they're all completely wild, no reintroduced orangutans. And if we can follow them, we can see where they go, what they eat, how they use the forest, what sort of ranges they need, what size of forest they need to live in. We can also get information about the population. We can start to see how often they have new infants. And the more we get to know the animals, the more that we can follow them. And they'll follow them over a long period of time to really understand more about their ecology and how they use the forest. We think there's only been one event that's really affected the orangutans. It was a combination of pressure from the edge of the forest of illegal logging pushing in. And a fire is happening in the centre of the forest that pushed the orangutans into a habitat that's very low productivity, naturally quite poor productivity. And because they were pushed into this area, there wasn't actually enough food to support all of the orangutans. And we think the population crashed from about 12,000 orangutans throughout the entire Subango catchment, down to about 7,000 of what the numbers are now. The subsequent fire events have not been as bad, although they've been bad in other ways, but we don't think that the subsequent fire events, so 2002, 2006 and 2009, have had too much of an impact on the population. What I think is happening, though, is that these prolonged fire events, which produce a lot of smoke up in the atmosphere, are having an effect on the trees because the trees are not able to photosynthesise as much, so there's a lot more death in the trees, leaves are falling and dying as are flowers. And then there's a long term knock on effect as to how much fruit the trees can produce because they haven't been able to gain enough nutrition during the period when there's a lot of smoke. We're still analysing the data on that, and it looks like that these smoke events actually have quite a long term knock on effect for the trees, which ultimately affects the orangutans because if they don't have enough food, then there's a problem. One of the things that we have discovered is that these very long smoke periods, three months of bad smoke, it does seem to be having an effect on the animals themselves. Obviously, if they're breathing in all of this smoke, it must be having some health problems with them, specifically with the gibbons who sing every morning to defend their territory. Their singing is greatly reduced. They don't sing as much during the smoke season. They also seem to travel far less. It's obviously having some health effects on them, and we would expect that to be the same for probably all the animals in the forest. I think there are probably a lot of lessons that can be learned from Africa, and I think it's great when you have meetings like this where it's actually not the foreigners who are presenting ideas. We have delegates from Africa who have arrived today who are talking to people from the national parks, two people from SIMTROPS who are talking to the Indonesians about their own experiences, and I think that sharing of ideas is very, very good. A lot of the national parks in Africa are a lot older than the ones in Indonesia, and so there maybe hopefully have a lot of lessons that can be learned, maybe mistakes that can be avoided in the future. I think bringing people like that together, although it's expensive, is a very good thing that you're actually getting from the people that work in Africa directly to the Indonesians, getting them together to be able to share ideas and discuss problems.