Hello people of the internet, my name is Johnny and welcome back to Five Nights at 30s AR. It's been a bit, but as you may have seen, I've had a very, very busy weekend. I had two very amazing opportunities, number one, Help Out D'Housta, yes The Frickin D'Housta, with his absolutely amazing song about Scott's retirement. I made the video for that song, so that was on Thursday and Friday, and then on Saturday, I was on Frickin D'Housta's charity livestream, playing Amogus with him and the boys. So, I apologize for being so goshed on late to this FNAF AR update, but again, this weekend was insane. But, we're back, we have FNAF AR today, I'm releasing two videos tomorrow. I have so many videos for FNAF, ones I need to catch up on, ones that are brand new information. And then we got DDLC Plus coming out on the 30th. It is gonna be a very busy week. So, if you don't want to miss out on any of those videos, make sure you're subscribed. And now, let's talk about FNAF AR. Intro, out of the way, let's talk about Clockwork Ballora in the Scream Punk event. So, this is the new skin for the Scream Punk event. Again, it's called Clockwork Ballora. I'll probably talk about it a bit more in-game, but I'm a massive, massive fan of this skin. Not only because of her massive, massive tip, but because I just think the design looks great. I'm not a huge fan of all the gears, you know, textures around her. I think that's maybe a bit too overdone. But like her Tutu, or skirt, I guess, has been turned into a giant gear.  It just, it's an amazing skin. I think it's very detailed, maybe a bit too detailed. I think it's a solid A. I don't know what it is with Ballora, but she has the best skins in the game. And also, the Minerinas got new skins. So, I mean, that just adds even more to this brand new skin. She has a new animation that looks fantastic. Again, a solid A to your skin. I think this is by far one of the best skins throughout the entire year. We do know that more skins are coming in this event, and hopefully they can live up to the absolute amazingness that is Clockwork Ballora. And so, let's finally hop into the game and fight her, why don't we? Alright, I have made sure to collect some lures for this video. If I have to, I may buy a few because I'm actually not that good at fighting Ballora.  I don't know, I'm just not good at fighting her. The shop looks nice, I love that background. I think that is an amazing render of her. And yeah, I'm actually very tempted to buy this skin. We'll hold off and we see if we get her suit. Ah, yes, the profile pictures. I'm gonna buy them because I always buy them. I do like this one over the other one though. And there is a 3D profile icon. I don't think I'm gonna buy it though. I might actually because it does give you some FAS tokens. So here is the first profile icon looking very nice. However, I do think I prefer this one with the gears in the background. I think that one looks just a bit better in my opinion. Alright, I actually have three lures. So I think we're gonna use all of them in this video. And then I'll probably just buy more anyways because I usually do that and I'll make up for some lost encounters. Alright, here she is. Again, I love this animation. I think she has sparks flying out of her. Yeah, look at that. And then she does a little twirl. Right? Oh no, no mind. I love the animation. I think it looks amazing. And here we go. Okay, so for Ballora, if you guys don't know, the Minerinas will crawl up on your screen and you have to shake them off. They'll fall on the floor and you have to go around, look for them, and tap on them, and you collect them. Oh god. See like that, they're teleporting. Oh god. And if you move too much, she gets mad. Like, go away! So as you saw, the Minerina does have a brand new skin.  Like, where, like she was out that way but then I moved this way and she's out there. I don't get it. I think... But I do like the Minerina skin. Again, I'm glad that they did that. I'm kind of upset now that they didn't do that for Artic Ballora. I think the only thing I don't like about the skin are the gears, like just the unnecessary texturing of gears all around her body. I think that's kind of unnecessary. And then also the fact that there's not a unique music to the encounter. I think Artic Ballora, hello, she played the Nutcracker theme or a song from the Nutcracker. But this Ballora doesn't do anything. It would have been cool if it was like a ticking clock or like just gears turning. Oh, look at that! Sorry, I actually nearly died because I was looking at the Minerinas too much. Oh, I love their skin though. Okay, so she's not that way. I don't know why they have the Mangle sound. Oh, there's a Minerina. You have to get three of them.   You have to pick up three Minerinas before you can, is there one on me? Before you can defeat Ballora. Oh god, oh god, I didn't like that, I didn't like that. Oh my gosh, like why is she there? Like go away, go away. Like she's everywhere around me. But now she's nowhere at the same time. Okay, she's not that way. And the Minerinas, any Minerinas I can pick up?  Come on, I just need one more Minerina. Please. Oh god. Come on, man. Just give me one, just give me one. Oh, they're all gonna stuck on me, hello.   Oh, oh, there's one right there. How long has that been there? Hello? There, there. Oh, dude. All right, sorry that took a long time. I don't know if that Minerina was there the whole time. I completely missed it. Again, I told you I'm bad at blending these things, okay? This animation looks so good. Again, I'm a massive, massive fan of the skin. And I don't get to say that often. All right, here we go again.  That's not Pog, let's go out here a bit. Oh, but yeah, I think this is a amazing skin.   She was nowhere near me. She was nowhere near me. I was gonna do this anyways, but I guess I'll do it right now. That was so stupid, I was, I feel so cheated by that. That's so dumb. All right, let's try this again.  She was back there, you see what I mean? I just, I feel like I die unnecessarily. Thank you, screen recording. Okay. I'm happy I beat it once though. That's kind of my goal for the, for the FNAF AR videos. If I beat them once, I'm happy. Oh god, like why are you over there all of a sudden? Okay, where's the Minerina? Back here maybe? There we go.  Why are you there?  Oh my god. Hello. Wanna get off me, thank you. I'm looking for your children. I'm here to pick up your children, where are they? Okay, oh no, not that way, not up that way. Anybody? Anybody there? I mean you're out there, but I don't, oh hi. You're out there, but I don't wanna talk to you. Oh my god. Anybody? Okay, okay, okay. All right, I'm moving too fast. I gotta stop moving.   I can't move.  Dude.  I'm restricted to this section of my room and why, why, why did you, what? She got so close to me for no reason. She was back there and I was like, oh my god. Again, I really don't get it. Cause I was looking out this way. She was out this way. I kept going out that way. She was still out this way. It's so dumb. All right, last one because I just, man, I don't get ballora. Maybe I'm doing something wrong. I don't know, but I feel like I'm, I feel like I'm doing my best guys. I'm really trying my best here, okay? I wanna win. I wanna see if I can get the suit cause I like the skin. And when I like the skin, I have a lot of fun. But if the skin's being a sack of poo, then I'm not having a whole lot of fun, no mo. Like, why the heck? Why are you here? I'm so dumb. I really don't understand. I really don't.  Cause she's over here. I move out this way. She teleports over there. I'm still moving out this way. And then I die when she teleports out that way. All right, I know it's the last one, but I don't know, man. I wanna get this done. I wanna beat it a second time. Cause I know I can cause I did it. I just, am I doing something wrong? I feel like I'm not moving too fast. I feel like when I know where she is, I move away from that area. But like, oh my God. Like I don't get it. See? See? See what I mean?   There we go. Pick that up. She was out there, but then she teleported away for some reason. She's out this way. That was not a minor. I tapped on my chair. That was cool. Oh, one fell. Oh no, that was a. No, not that way though. She's out this way. Oh, another one fell. That's good. That's good. That's good. Oh, hey buddy, what's up? Okay, I just need one more now. Okay? I'm gonna try and play safe. Oh God. No, no, no, no, no. All right, one fell. Is there one out this way? Oh, yes there is. I did it. I did it. Let's go. Oh. Again, I think the teleporting thing is dumb. She can teleport basically like the opposite direction. She's over this way. She can teleport out that way.  Did we get the suit? Nope, cool. Not even a mod or anything.  So that was clock walk Balor. Again, a very nice skin. I really do enjoy the skin. I'm just bad at Balor. I'm not sure what else they can do for the event.  That could be cool. I don't know, maybe like Bonnie, but it's ears or pipes and they have steam coming out of them. It's been a bit since we've had a Ferdy skin since we've had a, wait, we got a big bad foxy. Who else? As much as I hate to say it, Springtrap, Jack O'Chica, Jack O'Bonnie still have yet to have skins. Same with Golden Ferdy actually. And speaking of Golden Ferdy, still waiting on that next character. Don't know when it's gonna come. We keep saying hopefully soon, but I think we're only saying that to, you know, trick our minds into thinking, yeah, no, we're probably never getting any more characters. They're just gonna keep doing skins for the rest of the game's lifespan. But like, we need a new character. I said I was releasing two videos tomorrow. One of them is about flumpties and the other one is about FNAF AR. Because on one of the old employees for Lumix, they made this whole post about like scrapped content from the early like planning phases of the game. And they had a model of Funtime Ferdy for FNAF AR. Now of course, because that person doesn't work for Lumix anymore, they can't actually use that model. I think the same thing happened with Plus Trap. If you guys don't know, his textures had to change. When you compare him in the trailer and when he actually released in the game, they're like different textures. I just don't get why they have the Funtime Ferdy model. They've had it for a super long time and he's still not in the game. Sure, they could be coming up with a brand new mechanic or something, but honestly, like what else can you do? We know that they can consistently pump out mixed realities because they've done three of them in the span of, when did Plus Trap come out? October, I think. So they did his environment for October. They did a winter skin for December and then they did one recently. So we know that they can make them in like a couple of months. I don't know. I just, like we need a goddamn character. I think we were all hoping that the gameplay update would bring us all back into Funtime Ferdy, but very clearly that did not do anything because I've been playing Funtime Ferdy quite a bit and I have yet to use the gameplay mechanic or the gameplay update outside of that video I did on it. So I don't know. Either they gotta expand the gameplay update or they gotta release a new gameplay update which has like new modes or something or we just need a new character. I think we need something because right now, I mean, even though these skins are amazing in my opinion, right?  I think they're easy clap, like A-tier skins, but I'm still just not having a whole lot of fun with Funtime Ferdy because I've been doing the same goddamn thing for like, what, a year and a half? I just, I need something new and I know a lot of people need something new as well. So that's my spiel on Illumix out of the way. I guess I'll see you all tomorrow for probably a bigger spiel about what Illumix needs to be doing to keep their game alive.  And they didn't say anything and then a little bit later, they put up an image on the store saying more stuff coming soon. Like why did you need to shut down the whole store if you were just teasing new merchandise? Whatever, I'll catch you guys tomorrow for more videos. All right, bye.


Close your restaurant right now. Hello, friends. If you are running a restaurant and you're bleeding out and you're hoping for that new thing to happen, that new lifeline you're gonna get, you're taking on a loan, you are asking for your friends and family for money, you're remortgaging your home, all this kind of stuff just to stay afloat. Then unfortunately, I really, really think you should close up your restaurant and cut your losses. And here's why. Friends, I'm telling you this straight from my heart. I get this email a lot. People sharing with me their scenarios, real life people who are struggling to put food on the table. And I just can't mustard enough energy to share with them that and tell them that. Hey, you know what? It's not gonna work, unfortunately. Either the process is not there, either the structure is not there, the fundamentals are not there, or the mindset is just not right. And that's the reason why I decided to shoot this video for you to share with you the three mindset that I see a lot of people struggling from and without taking care of these three mindsets, there's no way any of these people can be successful. Let's dive right in. Number one mistake that I see people make is letting their ego stand in their way of achieving any type of success. They think they know all that because they've been in the industry for a while. They think they know all that because they're a great cook. They think they know all that because they just think they know all that. Without actually having the humility to go out and ask for help, without the humility to go out and learn, for a fact that you're watching this video means that you have the ability to go out there and find resources to better yourself, to help yourself and put yourself in a better situation. And that's the reason why I love my audience because you guys are the action takers that are willing to do things out of their way and to always improve. And never let your ego stand in the way of you achieving the next level of success. Always go out there and ask for help. Ask people for help. Ask people who have been there, who has done that to show you the way so then that way it shortcuts your time to success and it also shortcuts the money that you're gonna be putting in to all the mistakes so then that way you can build a profitable restaurant. The second mistake that I see a lot of people make are focusing on the sexy stuff. What are the sexy stuff? A lot of times it is marketing. Hey, let's run a Facebook campaign ad. Hey, and what let's work with influencers. Hey, let's do a launch campaign. All these stuff are sexy, it's fun, it's exciting and it is rewarding. However, these are the things that break your business without understanding the full-on strategy, without understanding the milestones, the timelines, the systems, the process and the fundamentals of what truly makes a restaurant successful.  It just doesn't work like that. Ads is like feel on a fire. You do not pour feel on logs of wood without any fire. There won't be any traction. The only time that you wanna run ads is when you already have a successful model, a model that your customers are coming in to try out and consistently to try out your food and then you would want to pour ads into it to keep more and more people to come in through your doors. That's when you run your marketing campaigns. And this is what a lot of people don't wanna hear because they wanna focus on the fun stuff, the stuff that you can see, the stuff that you see results right away. That's the reason why a lot of people fail in this business. The third mistake that I see are people staying complacent. They might be running a very successful restaurant for a couple years, but as time goes on, things are developing, things are changing and the restaurant owner does not innovate as the times change. They do not invest in technology. They did not invest in best practices. They do not train their staff properly. They do not build in great culture to their business and they're not adapting to the delivery model. They don't like third party apps. All this kind of stuff plays into the role of staying complacent. And in today's world, staying complacent is the surest way for you to go down. And that's the reason why a lot of restaurantiers fail is because they stick to their own ways of doing things. They're not innovating. If you want to succeed in today's world, it's even more important that you bring on the best practices to see what is working in the world today. Not half a year ago, not pre-COVID, but in today's world, what is working? Go out there and find all the strategies that are working in today's world and implement it into your business.  So there you go, friends. My heart felt messaged to all of you guys out there. The three mistakes that people are making that is keeping them in a dark, dark hole. And if you find yourself taking these mistakes or guilty of them, then maybe really consider closing down your restaurant and start fresh again to make sure you avoid the mistakes that I'm sharing with you right now. Don't let your ego stand in your way of any type of success. Don't just focus on the short term, the sexy stuff, the marketing stuff, focus on the foundation, the things that are actually gonna make your business.  Be innovative and work with the times. And if this is something that you are dedicated into making sure that, hey, this is what I want, then I invite you to our live masterclass very, very soon, happening in November. Check it out in the link below. And this masterclass is an hour-long lesson where I share with you the foundations, the principles, and the systems of what truly makes a restaurant successful. Attend it completely for free, and hopefully you're gonna be able to find some value to help out your restaurant. Once again, thank you so much for watching this video. If you enjoyed this video, hit the like button, subscribe along the journey, and I'll see you guys in the live masterclass.


So, module 7, so we have been studying various topologies like induced topology especially compactly generated topology and so on. And one of the important thing in studying function spaces is the exponential correspondence on the function spaces. Basically these things were done in part 1 very elaborately. Nevertheless, because of the importance of this part I will recall them as much as needed for our immediate purpose here. So first let us recall what is the meaning of this compact open topology on the function spaces. Given two topological spaces sectioned y, we denote y power x, the space of all maps from x to y, maps means continuous functions from x to y, this is given in the compact open topology which has a sub base corresponding to each compact set k and an open subset u, k is inside x and u is inside y, you define a subset k, u, put them in brackets and take all of them. So, what is this k comma u that is all continuous functions from x to y which takes f, this k inside u, f is from x to y, f of k must be going inside u, then you put it inside this k u, take all such k u, they are subsets of y power x, they will form a sub base, k u is all function f from x to y, this is f of k is contained inside u, this one sub base means what an open set, a set is open if and only if it contains, it is union of arbitrary union of arbitrary not finite intersections of k and u, so k1, u1, k2, u2, k and u and u, take the intersection, that will be an open set. So, arbitrary union of those things will be also open set. So, you should take only finite intersections like that will be form base, so that is the topology. Then that is an obvious map e from y power x cross x to y given by e of f comma x going to fx, if you fix x, f going to fx is nothing but coordinate projection, I would not like to call it that way because now we are not thinking of y power x as a product space, y taken x times, there is also that topology, whereas now we are concentrating on compact open topology. So, if you fix x, y x going to fx is obviously continuous even in the product topology, but what is important is as a joint function, this capital E from y power x cross x to y is a continuous function is what we want to have, that is the first part of the theorem here. This is precisely called evaluation map, what is the hypothesis on x, x is locally compact software, y and z could be an interpolation. Then the first part here is that E is continuous. The second part is really the name exponential correspondence, a function from z to y power x where z is an interpolation space, z to y power x is continuous if it only if the e composite g cross identity from z cross x to z cross y power x and then e. So, z cross x to z cross y that is continuous. Notice that g is continuous, the g cross identity will be continuous. If e is continuous, then the composite is continuous. The point here is on the converse here, namely if the composite continues, why g should be continuous? In general it may not be. So, the theorem says that it is continuous under this hypothesis, namely x is locally compact and also proofs are not very difficult. Nevertheless, let us go through that so that you will become familiar with the concepts of this compact open topology and the space y power x and so on. The first part is to show that e is continuous. Start with an open subset u inside y and you want to show that e inverse of u is opening in the product space y power x cross x. So, take a point f naught x naught in e inverse of u. What is the meaning of that? Then f naught is a continuous function from x to i and f naught of x naught is e of f naught x naught that is inside u. But now u is open and f naught is continuous means or some neighborhood of x naught is taken inside u by f naught. But now x is locally compact all the space.  So, inside every open subset you can find a compact neighborhood is the local compact, local compactness part here. So, what is the meaning of this?  So, this is actually one of the sub bases. So, it is an open set means v bar u can open set in y power x. We get an open set v bar u cross v in the product which will be a neighborhood of f naught x naught.   So, therefore, e of f comma x will be inside u. So, this proves that a is continuous. So, that is part a alright. Let us go to part b. Part b there are two ways one way I have already told you if g is continuous g cross identity continuous the composite will be continuous because we have just proved that a is continuous. So, now, let us prove the converse ok. Now, I have assumed that this composite is continuous and I want to show that g is continuous. For this it is enough to show that the g inverse of all these sub basic open sets is open where k is compact and u is open ok. Take only sub basic open sets inverse image of those things are open will mean g is continuous ok. So, let z naught belonging to z z was arbitrary space you remember the set g of z naught belongs to k u that is the meaning of z naught is in the g inverse of that. Then for every point k in k what have we have is e composite g cross identity of z naught k which goes to g of z naught comma k which goes to g of z naught operating upon k that will be inside u that is the meaning of this g of this is contained inside u ok.  So, this is the continuity of this composite function e composite g cross identity ok. Now, k is compact. So, you can pass on to a finite cover k is contained i range 1 to n v k i each w k covers little k when you range k in k that will be an open cover for k k is compact. So, I extract a finite sub count and we call that as w and correspondingly I take v k i's here ok k 1 k 2 k i's are some points of capital K ok there are finite many of them. So, I take v equal to intersection of v k i's then you put intersection here the union here e of g cross w g cross identity of x of v cross w is contained inside ok that just means that g of v is contained inside k cross u ok k comma u the the this notation k inner product k u since v is a neighborhood of z naught we are proved. So, I have formed a neighborhood v here that goes inside that. So, k u g inverse of k u is open that proves this exponential correspondence theorem ok. Now, we come to the study of the compact generated topology ok. The basic problem here is that if x and y are compact generated in general the product topology need not be compactly generated. Therefore, we are looking at situations where this may be true that means you put extra conditions on x and y under which this may be true. However, there is no if and only if conditions ok. So, we will have to study whatever you know best we know about various conditions ok. So, first lemma is if y is locally compact and x is compactly generated ok whenever I say when it is compact all the time I assume host darkness of course and both of them are host of spaces then x cross y is compactly generated if it only if I want to come conclude here, but this is a lemma is a part of this one. So, if it only if every compact subset k of x k cross i is compact instead of saying the whole space is compactly generated first you assure that k cross y k cross y is compactly generated. If you do this one for every compact set then this will be fine this is the lemma ok. So, for this lemma also I am already taking assumption that second factor here is locally compact ok. So, already we are trying to see that if I just assume compact is generated compactly generated both of them I do not get x cross y compactly generated. So, I have to make more little more and more general situations here. So, this lemma says that y is locally compact ok that is the extra hypothesis remember locally compact or spaces are compactly generated. So, this is stronger condition than being just compactly generated ok. So, proof of this one you can try to do with point y is going here going there going there and so on, but exponential correspondence helps you in proving this one very elegantly ok. Consider this function x going to x cross y power y with the with topology whatever you know product with the weak topology ok remember that. So, take any space whatever topology you have then give the compactly generated topology that is the meaning of whenever you have topological space here writing a suffix w ok. The saturated function eta from x cross y to y does not need all these things it is just like the evaluation eta x y equal to x y ok. Remember eta is what eta is function from for each x it is a function from y to x cross y. So, I can I can evaluate it on y ok. So, what I have tell me what is the value value is x y. So, this is a definition of eta ok take this function ok give me. Now, look at the evaluation function x cross y power y cross y to x cross y this is the base space here this is just like instead of instead of x cross y y I have to do one more y here ok. So, this is the evaluation map E of take a function here take a point here ok evaluated at that point you get a point here because evaluation map we have seen that ok if y is locally compact of the space then this way evaluation map is continuous ok. Now, look at E composite take identity this eta cross identity of y operating by x y ok. This is eta of capital E of eta x comma y by definition this is identity cross identity eta cross identity means that, but eta is evaluation you have to evaluate E x on y so that is x y. We now use the theorem on exponential correspondence in both directions once you have established one ok. In between we also use the hypothesis x is compactly generated and y is locally compact. So, this much you have to do ok. So, we get x cross y is compactly generated this is the statement that we want to want to understand that it is equivalent to something else if and only if the identity map from x cross y to x cross y this is compact generated it is continuous ok. And remember start with a space like this when you make it compactly generated topology that will be always finer than this map. So, identity map this way is always continuous if x cross y is compactly generated already then you do not get anything more. So, x cross y to this one is continuous this is same thing as x cross y compactly generated ok. So, first part is just by definition itself follows. Second part is now eta from x cross y power y to w is continuous. So, this is the exponential correspondence now. Why what is the map here identity maps x cross comma y going to x comma y what is the corresponding map in the exponential it is a eta right. So, eta of eta of x y is x y. So, if you look at this eta is continuous remember then this is continuous. So, that is the correspondence eta is continuous ok this is the exponential correspondence if you consider. But now this is the same thing as saying for every compact subset k of x the restriction map eta on k restricted eta let us call it eta k. So, k to x cross y w is continuous ok this is a definition of the compact compactly generatedness of this part ok. So, I have from k or I from arbitrary x I have come to compact subsets now ok. So, that was my idea to come to compact subset.  So, this is true for every compact subset ok. So, but that is if and only if now I go back k cross y to x cross y w is continuous. So, this exponent y comes here k cross y is continuous ok by the exponential correspondence. But it this is if and only if is for every every k should be true if and only if k cross y remember y is locally compacted across space ok compact subset of k. So, this inclusion map eta this one is continuous ok k cross y eta k is continuous here which went on this k cross y to x cross y is continuous. But that is if and only if for every compact subset k the inclusion k cross y to k cross y w because this inclusion where does it go? I have taken the larger space, but it goes inside a k cross y to continue. If this continues from here to here that will be continuous because they have the same width apology here ok. So, for this is true for every compact subset which means that k cross y is compactly generated. That is why we started with x cross y to x cross w in the beginning. Now, we have come to the same conclusion with x replaced by k. So, this is the the lemma here ok. So, this lemma is proved now what will be lemma and this lemma. So, now, we keep using it very beneficially to prove all this A, B, C they are all different statements, but somewhat similar x and y are off-door spaces x cross y will be compactly generated under these conditions. Easy to remember first condition is both x and y are compact no problem. The product itself is compact right in a compact space if you give compact generated topology it will be the same topology. First part does not need anybody say any lemma or anything x is compactly generated and y is compact ok. This is the first thing that we would like to prove and then generalize this to x is compactly generated, but now instead of y compact, y is locally compact. So, first part is obvious, the second is also obvious, but that will be needed to prove the the part C and this is our aim. Remember in the lemma we had this statement if and only if something happens. So, we will prove that statement to prove part C here that is the whole idea ok. So, let us go through it again since x and y are compact so it is x cross y for any compact space compactly generated topology coincides with the given topology that is part A. B follows from lemma and A. See you want to show that x is compactly generated and y is compact ok. Then what you have to do in the lemma if and only if you take subspace is here k, k compact subset k cross y is compact, is compactly generated, but k is compact, y is compact by A it will be compactly generated. It is true for every compact subset of of of x then this will be compactly generated product will compactly generated A is the lemma. So, so lemma gives you immediately B ok. Now use this one and again the lemma now x and y role will be interchanged to show that x cross y is compactly generated ok. This time by taking subsets arbitrary subsets k of y ok that is what we will see. Every locally compact orders is compactly generated therefore C follows from B and the lemma. So, you interchange the role of where you take the compact subsets that is all. So, so what tricky but the the way the exponential correspondence helps is very elegant. So, we have come to a stage where it now we can study the topology of CW complexes namely when you take the product complexes x and y are CW complexes. There is a canonical way of getting a product on CW structure on x cross y. The only problem is the topology on x cross y namely the product topology will be in general different from this CW topology ok. So, that is the point we want to study we will do it next time. Thank you.


How's it going everyone? Caleb here with Layton Sports Cards. The next break tonight is going to be 2022 Bowman Baseball Sapphire Edition 10 box break number seven random team style. I have the results for you right here. Thank you again so much for joining There is a look at your results And good luck everyone let's do There also linked in your chat that's gonna be the top link Bottom link is for the next break. We got a fill up tonight top Sterling seven to go Here we go Sam said he loves top-loading Bowman Sapphire Nothing's better. Nothing gets me going on a Monday night like some Bowman Sapphire That was awesome Just what I needed for us George Sanchez first. I'm Sandra Vargas and Michael Escato It's quite a nice auto here guys. Good luck everyone. Thank you for joining Benjamin Bailey first. It's gonna be a Matt Frazier first Bowman auto their pirates Solid Colson Montgomery first Nice.  We got Elvin Guzman first Diamondbacks Riebel Angeles first and Blaise Jordan to 55 for the Red Sox Aqua Mackay Baxter first We'll take that there nice card Anthony Rodriguez first Nico Cavadas first Jay Allen PCA Look at the rush first Bowman is Sadeen Raffaella Four more packs. Here we go We did a cruise great start to the box Yeah, go Ramos Luis Matos Darryl Lopez pirates and all kinds are we got red? Jackson Shiro Robert Hassel numbered to ten there you go Padres It's gonna be numbered six of ten Padres Cool there first Bowman Roberto Campos Nice Take that Padres layover prequero top prospect there for the team Everson Artiega Alejandro PA first Bowman auto for the Rays Montgomery What did you say it's good where are the first I was talking about Robert? You're good Noria Vera. I don't think so though. I don't think so Thanks, Mike. Good luck. Mike. Thank you, man. I got five to go guys. Appreciate the movement. It's next Thank you so much. We'll Wagner first That's awesome to see it feeling like that Lenion Sosa first Victor La Brata, but heck yeah, Mike. Good luck man. Great choice Fidel Montero first Great choice Dustin Harris Bobby Martin dude the Yankees checklist is probably loaded in that stuff You just have to imagine with something like that Elijah Tatis first Bowman, I mean the babe is just a loan that's Musiati like that's enough to draw someone in Redulfin, Alaska and Max Muncie That's a massive card for really any collector Yankees fan or not though Random hit style break guys who are guaranteed one of the hits from the case we have a eight box case two cards in each box 16 spots to the break So you're guaranteed one of those that random the random is done after we look at all of the cards Junior Sanchez first Bowman. It's gonna be Luke Waddell first Bowman there auto for the Braves And Jose Ramos You know nice first Bowman auto Xander Vargas Benjamin Bailey here at Mitchell and Justice Thompson Robert Dominguez first Mets Couser Vakai Braxtron first for the Braves Nunez Alejandro PA raise first Another Luke and Thresh first orange is a Diago Cartaya to 50 Dodgers The 50 there Sidani Raffaella So Dodgers to 50 Alvin Guzman first Jeter Downs and Carlos Agui are twins there you go as twins it a Rebel Angeles first Anthony Rodriguez first Nico Cavadas and CJ Abrams PCA Victor Vizoraga and Harry Ford Next one up Empty box here we go as a good shake goes that mean Dora Lorenzo Michael Trian reds Lura James Wood first Bowman nice you go Pajeres Alan Serda Reds first Denzel Guzman angels first Bowman Ellie Day la Cruz to 55 very nice Congrats on that one boom We'll get that magged up about this pack dude. Oh my god, but you couldn't really have a better pack and Green auto to 50 Trey Sweeney Boom Yankees as well same pack 16 of 50 That'll also get magged Wow Congrats their reds Congrats their Yankees Holy cow Jose Rodriguez That is big Big pack big box big pack all of the above least for do go First Bowman Trey Sweeney just awesome Austin Martin Britain's robber there Bruce Edgar Quero angels Beautiful Congrats again to those teams respectively You can see Noel first and Edwarda Lopez first Luke Waddell first Brady Allen first Brian bellow first and had the rush man and oddly guardians Darren Baker Nats and Adrian Suggestee Giants next box here. We go here. We go Some odd Taylor first Joshua by as first Lawler Henry Davis Rosemar Quintana Hydro Leon Diego Velazquez and Ricardo Genovia's couple for the Giants there Edward Perez Louise Gonzalez first It's gonna be purple Lenion Sosa first Bowman to 25 nice one Congrats White Sox very nice and in Sosa 12 of 25 Beautiful their White Sox congratulations Jack Sawinsky first Francisco Alvarez first Bowman auto Nico Cavadas red Sox Felix Valero, excuse me and George Valera nice great pack Brandon Balanzuena Jorbit Viva's Osvaldo Cabrera Nice first in that pack again Press the auto Jeremy Vargas Brewers Chris me add rays congrats their rays and an Ian Lewis Nice pack there raise congrats Other Sotr strum has to been much shadow there blue jays self-realic Bobby with junior Zied Salinas Padres Jay rod first Bowman Braylon might mentor Minier sorry reds Dominguez The first stack of base excuse me not base but sapphire vets vets without the first Like what I mean what else awesome guys we are at three to go now that breaks next Linked in the chat for you Empty there. Let's get it sold out. We can get right to it after this just a few spots to go three left Jordan Lawler Rosemar Quintana first It's gonna be Curtis me add on the first there you go nice first Bowman auto Sapphire parallel there congrats rays nice one Osvaldo Cabrera there Certainly take that raise Very nice Leon Diego Velazquez first Lisa Gonzalez and Ian Lewis Perez Francisco over us there'll vera Bobby which junior First no for our first pack with no first. Yep sapphires one auto per box teak him. Yep I'm sapphire Bowman Brandon balance way enough first. It's gonna be Osvaldo Cabrera first Bowman to 55 Yankees you go You're the minor again Jason Dominguez One per box with sapphire Bowman Jordan Veevis first regional press the auto Jerry Vargas first Bowman Brewers and Michael Triana Chris me add their race other Soderstram Esteban Machado and blaze Jordan sale Freilich Zayed Salinas Padres Jayrod and Jose Rodriguez Rangers Shin and Polanco first Bowman trace Sweeney Next back our next box Personal starter with Sam. He's probably a little bit over half fuller half fuller. So guys if you do want to get one ripped tonight A personal box break anything on the website that you can find with the rip it option Simone Musiati again appreciate that follow. Thank you. Ronnie Mauriziano. I'm annual Rodriguez Max Muncie first. There you go. Wouldn't Jose Rodriguez also be Jayrod. Yes, they can all be Jayrod Junior Sanchez J. Sanchez there Alan Serrata first Bowman Reds auto you go you're sort of I'm first Bowman Michael Scato pirates Alexander Vargas Benjamin Bailey first Here at Mitchell and first Bowman Colson Montgomery Nice when they're white socks congrats another one Come in your way Robert Dominguez Mets first Couser Kelvin Castro and Christian Roa. There you go. Reds another first Bowman Reds doing solid Tell Amador It's gonna be Dario Lopez first Bowman for the Pirates top 55 aqua there You go Pirates Jose Ramos Alejandro P.A. Rays Lucky, Saspitas, Martaia, Justice Thompson Reds first Alvin Guzman Diamondbacks And Mackay Baxter from there is Braves first Riebel Angeles Rian Helles Anthony Rodriguez Giants Look at the rush there.  Tori Lorenzo first that is coming up next Elrod James Wood first nice Padres Congrats there Please Jordan nice wood You go San Diego There's a Jorge Juan Jose Yeah, I mean not surprised at all Allen Serda The I mean the Puerto Rican stamp and the Dominican stamp on the MLB is massive Densar Guzman Anthony Rodriguez first for the Giants on the auto First Bowman Sapphire auto there you go Giants Jose Rodriguez Massive what those countries do contribute to the league Torkelson Luis Verdugo Austin Martin and Shayton Polanco Only you man only you one I've read the Jaraba there brewers.  Yeah Yes, definitely definitely Marco Luciano Jordan Walker Brennan Davis world Lopez first for the Red Sox So I mean literally critical to League right now Joe Kenzie Noel Guardians and Luke Waddell Braves Brady Allen Marlins Brian Bellow first Red Sox Celerina Let's say Fran oddly first and Darren Baker So many Bradley Ellie Dela Cruz Reds first nice one there Reds Elliot Ramos Adrienne Suggesti and Darryl Lopez next box up Two boxes remain here. We'll get on to sterling as soon as it's sold out. It has two spots remaining. It is breaking right after this Just two to go guys Empty there Martin him and as firsts and tremendous first some odd Taylor and Jassowinsky I hear you. I hear you Joshua Baye as their Cardinals first Jordan Lawler Rose Marquintana Nationals Felix Valero Brewers on the first Pedro Leon Diego Velazquez Giants Louise Gonzalez Orioles and George Valera Congrats Guardians another one for you. We'll take it head birds Now we got Darryl Hernan's first bowman auto there for the Orioles Darryl Hernan's Blake says this guy's gonna be a beast That's what Blake says Oswaldo Cabrera and Ian Lewis Francisco Alvarez Errol Vera Brandon Valenzuela and Bobby Wichunier. I Still think that celebrating in baseball might become more like more accepted pretty soon. Yeah, sure of it. Viva snare Presciato and it's gonna be a Logan Cerny first bowman there number to 50 Phillies 43 of 50 Rael and minor gotcha Bradley Jeremy Vargas first Brewers other Curtis mean nice one Congrats again rays Tyler Soderstrom Jason Dominguez Estevan Machado first blue jays South Freilich Michael Triana their reds And Blaze Jordan one box left guys. It is for us. It is It is Here we go guys last one We had a lot more first bowman in the second half. That's for sure based on my base stacks here Just in Quentin Jose Pastrano in first bowman Carlos Aguirre not sad about that even in the slightest though Said way more first bowman in the second half based on my base stack here It's looking a bit thin Austin Hendrick Nico Cavada's first bowman aqua auto It's gonna be 11 of 99 Your red Sox 1099 Nico Cavadas CJ Abrams I think class a first one for the Mariners all break Just work Garcia. We'll take that Stella Meyer and Victor Laraza Lizarraga Khalil Watson first one of the break there you go Marlins awesome card there You Hendrick Penang go very forward and Romeo Arquintero comes Last time I checked it's only two spots left. That is Sterling baseball top Sterling baseball Breaking next tonight one one to go now Warming Bernabelle. That's Rockies Brett Beatty aqua there Denzer Guzman Angels aqua first bowman and then Robert Hassel Continuing on here Logan Cerny first bowman Phillies Yeah, Diego Rincones Giants and Andree Laura Nats to to go Daryl Hernance Martin Jimenez Andree Mendez will medias Some odd Taylor first bowman auto That is frustrating Bradley. Sorry Joshua Bayez Cardinals And Henry Davis, I appreciate that guys. Thanks again so much for joining.  It's gonna be a purple Lenion Sosa not auto there to 25 Luke Waddell Alejandro PA is a red Robert Hassel to 10 Matt Frazier auto Ellie Dela Cruz first bowman to 55 for the Reds congrats again Reds and Then we had a trace Weenie number to 50 first bowman sapphire green auto that was in the same pack Thanks again so much everyone for joining. I hope you did enjoy it We'll be moving on to top sterling as students were sold out. That's what just wanted to go


There's no reason why it couldn't be done at golfing outings. You can take it to a basketball game. With high school athletic programs, it seems to work out very well. We want to do more of it in our local community. Your main priority is your health. Hey, let's do something about this before something happens. Stroke is a serious problem. Communities across the country use many ways to get the word out about high blood pressure and stroke prevention. One effective way to reach large numbers of people is at their favorite sporting events. This program is known as Strike Out Stroke, but it doesn't just apply to baseball. It's applicable to any community. Small communities, large communities. The sports theme could be done at major league baseball games. We're doing it at community high school games. It could be done at little league games. Anywhere where people congregate to watch sporting events would be an ideal avenue for a community sports outreach program. Stroke is the third-largest killer of American adults. Getting important health messages regarding cardiovascular disease to those in greatest need is a formidable but not impossible challenge. One way to do this is to organize activities around sporting events. First, analyze your sports community and contact the appropriate people within those organizations. If it is high school or college level, coordinate with the school's athletic director. Most professional teams have a community relations department set up to handle outreach programs. Next, determine a budget. The amount of fundraising and volunteer hours you have available will determine the project's scope. Larger projects will afford printed materials such as fans, banners, t-shirts, and educational materials. And it's important to involve the media. Public service announcements or public interest stories are excellent tools for promoting community events. Hi, I'm Mark Mackinmore of the Baltimore Orioles. Press kits also help pique media interest. What we try to do is to convey a community ownership so that the medical community in a given area is involved. In our case, the high school students, the high schools, the population as a whole is involved and it's their program. Baltimore's inner city has one of the highest incidents of hypertension in the country. The public health community needed to mobilize. We find out exactly what they were doing as far as high blood pressure treatment and prevention. And mobilize they did. Health coordinators rallied the Baltimore Orioles franchise and local merchants to launch a massive screening and outreach campaign. Trained volunteers went to many of the city's most popular gathering spots including barbershops, grocery stores, rec centers, and pharmacies. There are a couple things, community programs and health departments, voluntary agencies should know. Many sporting teams are actively looking for programs to reach out into the community. In addition to providing entertainment, they're also interested in helping with public service events. So they are amenable to these kinds of activities. Most of the athletes and stuff want to do something like this, to give something back to the community because there's so many things that the fans themselves have done so much with the ballpark and athletes really appreciate those kind of things. But you don't need to live in a big city or have a professional ball team to use sports as a way of reaching people. Central South Carolina's outreach program is an example of what can be done on a smaller scale. Well we don't have professional major league baseball and major league football in our areas and a particular area that we were concerned about were the rural areas, the small areas that really have nothing, but they do have high school football. And now we've expanded from the one school where at this point we've now trained students at over 35 schools and expect to expand up to 65 and 70 by this year's end. Each program will have different elements depending on the community's needs. Nearly all require the help of volunteers. Adults and students can be trained by health departments to take blood pressures, deliver information or develop referral and follow-up programs. The high school students have just really taken it over as a fun project. This is something they can actually do. They can actually take blood pressure measurements and serve their community in a very important way. The students feel great about it and now they're out taking more and more blood pressures and it's just a very positive thing from all sides. The thing that I like about it is it gives kids an introduction into what medicine is all about, what the health profession is all about. A lot of these kids never knew that anything such as hypertension even existed. So they get a chance to learn how to take high blood pressure, they get a chance to learn how to talk to patients and so it's a good early introduction into the profession. One key element of all outreach programs is involving the medical community. Not only with screenings, but with important follow-up care as well. I would first advise whoever's going to put a program on like this to seek the support of the local medical society or the local medical auxiliary or whatever. Explain to them what you're trying to do. Also explain to them that in order for the program to be successful they need to have input from them and they need to cooperate. And by that I mean if we send a card to those doctors saying that this person was someone who was screened through this program that the doctor is going to pay attention to it and actually follow up with the patient. Pulling together a major health campaign is not an easy task. There are many challenges and much coordination necessary, but there is support. The sports guide offers ideas on organizing events at all levels. There is always a great deal of satisfaction and sense of achievement in a community that participates. I hope that people become aware that stroke is a serious problem, that high blood pressure is a serious problem, and that they're broken or somewhat preventable if people change some of their lifestyle behaviors. Even if we get one person into the doctor's office and keep him from having a stroke, this program would have been successful, at least for my standard. For a copy of the sports guide or additional information on developing an outreach program in your community, contact the NHLBI Information Center. Post Office Box 30105. Bethesda, Maryland, 208-24-0105. Or phone<PHONE_NUMBER>.


This study proposed a novel method for creating a hybrid tracheal graft that can be implanted into the body without requiring a second surgery. The hybrid graft consists of a decelularized trachea scaffold coated with polycaper lactone and seated with endothelial progenitor cells, EPCs. The EPCs are then used to form a microvascular network within the graft, allowing it to rapidly vascularize and support cell growth. This method allows for the creation of a fully functional and perfusable vascular network within the graft, which is essential for its long-term survival and functionality.


I'm Jacob Kelly. I'm a regional extension agent down in southwest Alabama. I'm housed in Mobile. And so we get to play around with citrus and all kinds of different fruit from the rest of you guys. But today I'm going to talk about blueberry site selection and preparation of that site. So hopefully you can see my screen. You see my mouse on my screen? Anybody in on your head? You see it? All right. Good. I'm going to be pointing at stuff as we move on if I can get my slide to move. There we go. All right. So number one thing I want to talk about is things you can consider before you select a slot site or before you get out there. Consider market number one. What's the blueberry market look like? What's going to be your market? Are you going to retail these as a you pick? Are you going to wholesale them? Mexico and South Florida can do some evergreen production as well as those folks down in South America. So they can get pretty much in any market they want to. We can't beat them to market where we're at. We just can't. So we've got to have a plan on hitting the market after Mexico and Florida and even Southeast Georgia. They've got southern high bush there and they get a little bit warmer than we tend to get or before we tend to get warm. And so they have a nice crop of blueberries a little bit ahead of us, not too much. But for wholesalers, you're going to need to find brokers or work directly with wholesalers to get your product sold. Wholesalers will only be able to sell their berries for $1.50, $1.80 to about $2.40 a pound. So they need to sell a bunch of berries. Whereas you pick, you can get away with selling your berries for $2 to $5 per pound, which is about $7 to $12 per gallon. So the price is better, but you're selling fewer berries. There's a little bit less labor with the you pick because you're getting your customer to come to you, but you've got to have a good location accessible to customers. And you'll have to encourage your customers to come see you at your market, which will be your blueberry field. Number two is money. How much money you want to invest? That's going to make an impact on which market you're going to be in smaller operations can afford to accept wholesale pricing. So they got a direct market. You pick won't need a harvester or a packhouse, which reduces costs significantly, but they'll still need to acquire land, prep that land, install irrigation, get spray equipment by the plants, by the fertilizer and all the other amendments and things like that. So there's going to be a startup costs either way, but depending on how much you're willing to put into it will kind of help you decide where you're going to end up. Number three is land. It's one of the most important. Do you have land already or do you need to lease land? Where am I going to put my operation? That can also help determine the size of your operation. Number four is labor. How am I going to get all this work done? You've got pruning, you've got harvest, those are the two big ones. Then you got the spray schedules. You've got to be out there managing these clients and manipulating them. So they react in the way that you want them to and that takes labor and so either you're going to have to get out there by yourself and do this by yourself or with family members or you're going to need to get local labor or if you're big enough you can investigate H2A labor. But the big question is how are you going to do all this work that's required? And number five is mindset. You're about to embark on a business venture. How serious are you wanting this to be? Is it going to be a hobby after retirement? Is this going to be how you make your living? How much of yourself are you willing to put into this? Do you enjoy being outside in the cold and in the heat? I was both in the same day in Alabama. How motivated are you? I myself can be very motivated when it's hot outside but as soon as you turn the temperature down to cold I'm done. I'm not getting out there. I don't like wearing pants. I don't like wearing jackets. I don't want to wear a toboggan.  So I'm a lot less motivated to do things when it's cold. So some of this winter pruning you're not going to catch me doing it. No, I'm going to wait for a warm day. But you need to think about what your mindset, what you're capable of, and what you feel would be the best option for you. And so before you get started spending a bunch of money, kind of keep these things in mind. But when we're selecting a slide, the I'll Deal Blueberry site, there's sites all over the state of Alabama. We have a pretty good area for growing blueberries, especially down here in South Alabama, but all over the state. We're looking for a site that is elevated with a slight slope. We want elevated land so that cool air and water can drain off our production site to prevent both the cool air and the water from settling within the orchard. These plants don't like wet feet. And they really don't like cold air, especially during bloom. We'd like to keep those flowers a little bit warmer than a freeze. This is especially true if you're in a site without well draining foils, or if you plan to grow early cultivars, they're more susceptible to these late spring frost events that we might have. If you can, you know, get three or four degrees by planting your plants on a slope, and all that cool air settles in the bottom, you might save your crop. So hill tops are going to be, southern facing slopes are going to be the most ideal location. Hill tops are going to get colder in the winter due to exposure. And they can also be very dry at times. Bottoms in low spots are going to hold water and that cold air. So we want to for sure avoid planting in low lying areas. This is one I always try to have home to my grandfather. He's convinced that you need to plant all your fruit trees in a creek bottom, because that's where the water is. And I tried to explain to him that was a terrible idea. But, you know, I'm just a young gun trying to make it in the world. He planted them, and we have not had a crop yet. So just try to avoid these low lying spots. Typically, we advise to avoid rope upland, a land that was previously growing corn, cotton, soybean, something like that. Because this land's been used to grow plants that need a really high pH. And it's going to cost you a significant amount of money to bring that pH back down to where you need it. These locations may be more likely to have a hard panned as well. Because of years of tillage and things like that, if they haven't broken up that hard panned, water is kind of kind of sits on that layer of soil. And it can cause all types of problems. So it needs to be avoided or broken through before you start manipulating your earth to amend it the way you need it. The ideal location would be a spot was maybe recently used for panned production. As long as it wasn't burned too much, the pH should be fine. Pines like acidic soils just like blueberries. And if the soil is already in the right range, that's one less input we need to spend money on. We want to know what the soil is like before we do anything to it. And ideally, before we purchase or lease the land, we'd want to know the attributes of the soil. So we're going to be looking to see if it's well drained. We want to know the soil type texture, the depth of that soil before you get to the parent material.  And then our parent material is usually when you start seeing it change colors. And I know up there in central Alabama, you dig down and you got this really nice topsoil and then you get to a clay layer. And that's what I'm talking about is the parent material. And you'll need a good water source nearby. This could be a lake or a pond that's fed by a stream. It could be well water. Water is important for these plants to grow and develop properly. And you need plenty of water to produce high quality blueberries. The amount of water you have will also help you determine the size of your irrigation and what type you have. More water is needed for micro irrigation than drip irrigation. So if you got a lot of water, you may consider some micro sprinklers. But if you don't have a lot of water, if you're only getting 200 gallons per hour or something like that, then you need to throw out the drip irrigation. And you may also need water for frost protection. And that's going to be a lot of water that you're putting out. You start putting that water out before it freezes and you don't turn it off until after the freeze. And the ice starts to melt. So that's a lot of water that you're throwing out there. So you'd have to be prepared to be able to throw that much water out. And that would only be necessary during bloom and especially with other high-brushed blueberries or early rabbit-eyed blueberries like climax or titan. And we also want a place that's got good sun exposure because sun exposure is critical to flower development. If these plants can't get full sun, they cannot have a full canopy of flowers. And the more flowers we have, the more fruiting potential we have. And the more fruit we have, the more money we can make. So if you found a site, we've got our site selected, we've got to come up with a plan. You can't just go out there and start sticking plants on the ground. We've got to have a plan. I like to draw things out. I'm a very visual person. I really need to see everything on paper so I can visualize it out on the property. And so we want to include every detail we can. We may need to plan our orchard around existing buildings, wells, ponds, power lines, other things that may be already present on the property fences that we don't necessarily need to move. Cell phone towers, people have all kinds of crazy stuff on their properties that you might need to work around or move. So we need to figure out a plan for those. We want to figure out row orientation, where roads are going to be, turn around, staging areas. I heard once from a wise blueberry grower that you need to spend about 10 times the amount of time planning and prepping for your orchard than you do for anything else, selecting plants, getting that equipment to grow, and all that irrigation you need to plan 10 times the amount before you start dealing with the actual plant material. So our land is our foundation. That's what we're going to grow our plants on, just like our houses. These plants need to have a strong and well-manicured foundation so that and it needs to be well thought out so that they can grow and produce these giant and wonderful tasting blueberries for us so that we can all make a little bit of money. Slope is going to be important. Short and steep slopes like the ones in this picture are a little too steep for production and may need to be manipulated to facilitate water runoff. If you have a slope this too steep and you plan on it, you're almost guaranteed to have issues with water runoff in one direction or another. You can see here that these rows were planted with the slope, which makes this site like a water slide. That water starts at the top of the hill and it gains speed and who knows how fast it's coming when it rolls off onto that road. What's not in the picture is I missed it. When I was taking the picture, there's a gully, a small little gully to the right hand side that's been requiring attention and patchwork and we want to try to avoid that. This grower wasn't here during the establishment of this orchard and we should see if he could go back in time to remedy this headache before it became a headache. There are many things we can do and I'll get into some of that a little bit later, but if you're in a situation like this, the best way to handle this is to before you ever even lay pipe for irrigation or purchase plants, you need to move that dirt around and decrease the slope if possible. You could also terrace this slope to slow down the water and allow it to drain through the soil and not the surface, not run along the surface. Or you can plant your rows perpendicular to the slope to kind of slow that water down as it hits each row. It's going to settle in and ideally it will slow down and percolate through the soil and not run off and carry any of your top soil or any of that stuff like that with it. But even if you do orient your rows perpendicular to a slope, you still may get a wash out. Here you can see that this grower has laid out concrete and rock to try to keep this situation from getting worse. If you have a spot that you know water will drain through, plan for it. That could be something as simple as putting berms up to kind of deflect that water and take it where you want it to go or laying a small concrete ditch with a retention pond at the bottom of it. I've seen that and it works effectively. The water does go racing down but it's on concrete and it lands in that pond and doesn't hurt anybody or erode any of the land and you're able to reapply that water to the orchard. And so you'll be able to get you know retain some of that water on the property which is always good. But we want to manage our water so that it goes where we want it to and not necessarily where it wants to even though it's a very strong force and hard to combat. As a rule of thumb for any crop not just blueberries but anything we want to start small and get the hang of growing our crop.  You know that could have been prevented if one you call extension first remember folks we're free don't forget that your tax dollars pay for us to come out and consult you and help you and get you off on the right track so you can grow your crops and make money. So don't forget about us give us a call before you get crazy with it and start spending money and we might be able to save you a buck or two or at least put you off on the right the right foot so give us a call and start small you know it can be really overwhelming starting a farm and you know you put a lot of money into it and all that so we want to master our skills start small and then move forward with our operation. You'll want to plant you'll want to excuse me divide your production areas up before you really get into irrigation and soil amendments. You'll want to decide where irrigation and roads going to go later on but and things like that but these are you know two very different blueberry orchards the one on the left is a larger orchard and that mechanically harvest and on the right we have a smaller orchard that is a you pick on the front side and machine harvested on the back side and he's got a little bitty uh he's got a tractor and he pulls and over the row uh harvester and it works really well for him but those harvesters can be quite expensive so if you want to go that way it is a lot nice so you don't have to have labor or worry about you know people on your property but they're very expensive but both of these orchards have divided the orchard into different production areas lots of times these production areas will divide themselves because of planting times uh you may start out with one acre of blueberries and add more later on if you want to plant everything at once you're going to need to divide some of this out based on cultivars and in that area or that you want to plant in that area maybe irrigation zones the terrain space you have things like that uh you know and typically our main irrigation lines are going to run along or underneath our roads on the property and uh i'm i'm certain that neil covered some of that last week when he was talking about irrigation so i don't want to get deep into irrigation or certain plants or anything like that because we got other folks for that um but it's during this time you can decide to set aside space for staging areas and turnaround areas um and so let's take a little bit closer look at what i'm talking about this is that same picture of that orchard earlier um and this is what i mean when i say staging areas uh the first area we're going to talk about is the staging area for plant material depending on the size of your operation you may need a place to store plants before putting them in the ground and so you need to set up an area that looks like this ahead of time that's got uh that's ready for these plants when they get there the location is close to the road it's flat it's been supplied with overhead irrigation for the plants when they arrive so we can go ahead and start watering them um they're probably gonna be stressed uh just from the moving around and getting in and out of the truck and all the handling and things like that a little water will go a long way um and this area is big enough that a tractor trailer can get in here drop off the plants turn around and get out effectively um and it gives you room to put these plants out in a location within the orchard where these plants can hang out until you're ready to put them in the ground like you don't have to worry about putting them in a barn or you know in the way of anything they've got a designated location and after your initial planting exercise you can make this area a garden you can plant a pollinator area i know all the new gap stuff they're wanting a more pollinator habitat um that's a you know you could turn this location into a pollinator habitat or you could just leave it as a staging area for future endeavors um you know whatever uh meet your needs next we got another staging area uh up here on the north side and uh what i want to talk about with this area is having plenty of room to turn around any equipment you may be using so the smaller your equipment the less turnaround space you may need um but you need to be able to turn your harvests around your trucks your tractors with trailers on them and spray equipment and pruning equipment all that um you may need to move personnel around and things like that you've got to have space to turn around at the end of the rows uh or you might be backing up all of them or tearing something up or trying to make a turn too sharp and tearing up some irrigation i've seen it all and i've done a lot of it i've definitely torn up my fair share of irrigation with lawn mowers and not having enough place to turn around so think about that uh as you're planning this whatever you have you need to facilitate the turning of that equipment to set aside space for it and the last area i'm going to talk about is not far from that area uh it's a little bit bigger um you notice that last area um was different differently oriented this last one this grower used it um to part tractor trailers uh containing his pine bark mulch uh and this was his staging area for his pine bark so for larger operations you're it's going to be necessary to have room to store some of these amendments or things you might be using you might need to store a tractor trailer that's going to sit there until you empty it um and things like that and they need to have areas that they can drop off uh leave loads leave trailers turn around and get places and oh this place is uh you know just big enough for that it runs alongside the road not a turn around spot it's just an extra area out of the way of your production area you still bring a sprayer through there even if you had a big pile of mulch sitting there so the point is of all this is to allow your yourself some space if you can afford it um you know if you plan these uh in advance you won't have to uh you know try to clear some land after you've already got plants in the ground later on so it will cost you more to get into production the more you rush so if i want to do this next year it's going to cost me way more than if i just wait a couple years and just do it step by step so instead of growing organic matter uh you're going to be buying it by the truck load if you want it to happen fast um so try to take at least a year or two before you ever put plant blueberry plants in the ground to manage the site and the soil um because what you do now is going to impact your uh blueberry orchard for its entire life for its entire lifetime so we need to go ahead and set that foundation and get everybody off on uh you know at a good start um so that we can be profitable and not have to try to fix things or halfway do something later on this also gives you a lot opportunity to learn the land if you're leasing it new to it um and it's an opportunity to find those spots that may need a great adjustment you know even if you got a cover crop you uh some problem areas will pop up and you'll be able to notice those uh and you can adjust the grade or um you might realize all right this this spot's too wet uh you know even if it even it is on a slope but it's still too wet i can't plant here um so maybe you leave that that spot open uh and don't plant on it but remember cover cropping's your friend cover crops add much needed organic matter to your soil organic matter uh will help sandy soils hold hold more nutrients in water and help our heavy soils drain better um so it doesn't matter what kind of ground you have find a cover crop that meets your needs and stick it out there um to protect that ground you have uh you need more organic matter in your life especially since our state has less than one percent organic matter throughout the state i mean you're not going to find very much organic matter in our native soils and so we need to put it there so take your time if you can at about a year to six months before we order plants we need to do a soil test uh we need to have the soil in the correct pH range and that's one of the most important things we can do to um take care of our plants before we stick them in the ground is getting that pH right if the pH isn't right you'll lose not only time but you'll end up losing money uh plants may become stunted lack productivity and in some cases they can even die if they're in the wrong pH for too long so pH is one of the most important things out there you need to make sure it's correct if it's between you know getting the pH right or buying fertilizer get that pH right there's always nitrogen in the soil and there's always these nutrients they may be low but if that pH right is right the plant can break those um break those uh bonds of that nutrient on the soil colloid and utilize it so pH is very important um then we want to add organic matter if it's feasible pine bark or peat moss are great amendments to add when planting blueberries these are going to help with drainage and water hold capacity as well as nutrient retention uh and so plant your cover cover crop protect your investment and keep the soil where you need it i'm going to talk quickly about rows um ideally we plant everything within the rows oriented north to south um orient rows this way will help harvest more sunlight than orienting rows other directions however if you're planting on a slope um you're going to have to weigh your options here you might want to orient those rows perpendicular to that slope to slow down water as it rolls down the hill uh to a lower to lower ground so doing uh manipulating your rows you know can save you headache as far as water water runoff later on um we'll need to loosen up the soil at the planting uh areas so the plant roots have plenty of space to grow uh using a rotto chiller a spade uh disk something like that is going to help loosen up that soil for the planting area um and uh you also might want to add more pine bark or peat moss at this time um a little bit more more organic matters kind of uh one of your last few opportunities so make sure that peat moss is moist when you put it in the planting hole if it's dry and you put a clump in there and then plant the plant on top of it that peat moss is going to rob your plant of water for a little while until it uh is imbibed with water uh so you need to make sure you at least get a little moisture on that peat before uh you stick it in the ground a lot of times um you can do that as you're laying it out um and i'm not going to get into planting too much because chip's going to tell us everything when you're not wanted to know and more about that so i'm not going to dive into that too deep but we also want to plant our uh we also want to mount up our beds if we can to help with drainage uh away from our plants and to slow water running downhill six to 18 inches is adequate for bed height however if you're using a harvester uh or a mechanical harvester you may need to make sure that it can get through there and effectively do its job the bed's too tall it may it may cause problems with that harvester um mulching is essential for blueberry production uh and especially during establishment organic mulches are effectively barriers uh that add organic matter and hence plant growth cool the soil and warm temperatures uh help retain moisture and improve nutrient availability so mulching is critical to establish those young plants that could be choked out by weed competition i've seen this a lot of times where you go out and check out a farm they've got they have a problem with weeds and they don't have any kind of barrier uh down uh to prevent the weeds from coming up in their crop so it causes a lot of problems later on uh with production pine bark mulch is the industry standard uh in blueberry production in our state um this is because it's readily available and easy to find uh because the demand is high for pine bark we use it in nursery substrates and all kinds of stuff uh it can be anywhere from 20 to 35 dollars a yard and so we're talking i don't know $2,000 um for an 18-wheeler load and uh and that's just depending on the type of pine bark you get and where you're getting it from uh pecan shells are not commonly used in the industry but are a byproduct of the pecan industry and uh they usually don't have a home to go to so they sit out next to these shell implants uh or they dispose of them um so during my undergraduate uh studies i got the opportunity to take over a study that was managed by ashley hoppers who is a rock star extension agent in georgia and she was looking at to see if there was any negative impacts from using pecan shells as a pine bark substitute for mulch on blueberries long story short uh we found that using pecan shells was comparable to using pine bark mulch so pecan shells can cost anywhere from 25 dollars a truck load to free a truck load uh it just depends on where you get them from uh and how uh fast they need to get rid of them but most of our shellers will be happy for someone to come by and pick up their leftover shells um so that option's out there um organic mulches will have to be replenished uh sometimes annually as they decompose um but recently some georgia growers have been working with geotextile fabrics as mulch um and these mulches are expensive and you have to have a machine to put them out and all that um but they suppress weed really well and they last for several years and you don't have to replace them quite as often um you know 10 years i think is what everybody's getting out of them and so um that could be an option for you if that's what you want to do um i've got to hurry up because i'm running out of time but a mulch spreader can really save you some time in labor so i do recommend especially if you use an organic mulch is to invest in some kind of mulch spreader um you know that you can pull behind the tractor fill up with your mulch and it shoots it out of chute and you can have a guy there with a rake spreading everything out making it pretty um it's a good time saver if you've got the fun for it but real quick i want to talk about some little things uh that i'd never thought about until recently i took a trip um to wild fork blueberry and um they pointed some things out that i'd never even thought about before so i thought that all of you would like to learn about it uh so the image on the left is a power pole lined up perfectly between two roads um so this calls all kinds of problems because of where it's located what really should have happened here is these two roads should have been shortened a little bit so that there's plenty of space to facilitate equipment use sprayers turn around lawn mowers all that stuff um and uh because you're not going to move the power pole so maybe shorten those roads you're not going to lose uh you know that much money off of not planting you know tin plants or so um but if you look closely that power pole has been hit a few times whoops um on the right you see that uh they planted these plants right up on the side of the road and the ditch uh that runs alongside it so the weeds on the road side of the plants they got to be weeded hand pulled hand sprayed um you know you can't get your sprayer on that road to spray those weeds um not to mention the fact that the harvester's got a teeter on a small strip of land between that ditch and the blueberry plants that seems pretty sketchy to me I'd be real hesitant to mess around with it but you know these guys drive these harvesters all day every day so they're a little bit better at it than I am but what should have happened here is uh that this road should have been left out um this would have given adequate room for machinery um and agar's trying to interrupt me um but would have uh maybe provided another staging area or or pollinator production area whatever you want to use it or just because we can put plants there doesn't mean we always should all right so this is something to be aware of and I'd never even thought about it so it's brought to my attention um this picture is facing north so the east is on our right west is on our left we're looking um if you look really closely you can see that these plants are leaning to the left uh to the west um that's because on the east side of these plants there's a wood line and I'd say it's maybe 15 or 20 yards away from these blueberry plants maybe even more um but these plants are reaching for the sun that doesn't shine on them until late morning and so because of this um they have developed a swagger is what I'm going to call it but a leftward lean and so this may not seem like a big problem and it's not a huge one but it can cause issues with machine harvesting machine pruning especially the pruning one side of this plant the west side is going to get heavily pruned and that right side on the east side is hardly going to get pruned at all and so this is going to put most of your fruit on that west west side because new shoots are going to come out after your summer pruning uh and you're going to get a lot of fruit on that west side and it could overload that one side of your harvester uh not a big deal just something to be aware of and think about and here's another good one uh I really like this one uh look at this vial box right here yeah it's within the row it's in the row not out in the road or in between the rows um so this is done to keep that box safe and mainly the lid safe um from equipment heavy machinery trucks pickers lawnmowers all that stuff will shatter these lids and then you'll be left with a hole with a valve in it the vial box is out of the way easily accessible um and just where you need it to be uh out in that field so that's some food for thought just when you're thinking about planning these things out maybe think about putting those vial boxes within the row uh so you don't have to worry about running over them with equipment things like that but I've gone over my time but uh with that I'll open it up to any questions y'all might have about establishment uh or any general questions about blueberries if you got them