Hey, welcome to Intro to AP Computer Science for new AP teachers. This video is about conditional statements, a very important topic indeed. So here's what I'm going to try and cover. So I'm just going to go over the basic if statements, the comparison operators, logical operators, including a concept called short circuit evaluation, looking at else and else if. Again, we want to revisit determining membership. So for example, is something a vowel. We talked about that previously in the strains unit. Also important topic, equivalent Boolean expressions and how to determine if two expressions are in fact equivalent for all values. And then we have an introductory exercise, building on what we have done previously. So the first thing is the basic if statement. So students, it's a natural concept. Students will understand if this, then that. In fact, this is what I tell my students starting like in grade five. I tell them the secret to coding is four words, if this, then that. If they understand that concept, they are good to go. So they just need to understand the other. We have a condition and we'll talk about conditions in a minute. And that condition actually always evaluates to a Boolean. It's either true or it is false. And they've seen this with, they will see this with loops as well. And then there is a code block. So the use of the braces determines where that code block starts and ends with what is part of that if statement. Now in Java, if you don't have the braces, basically it's just one line. I don't really talk about that with my students because I don't want them to get into the habit of forgetting it. So I never, I don't really tell them that's possible, although they do see it from time to time. They need to review that when you're comparing, always start with equals because that's the easiest one I think conceptually. Just remind them that with primitives, we use a double equal sign and with objects, we use dot equals. So for strings that we dot equals for an int, it would be two equal signs. This is actually also where I introduced the scanner class because now that we can do conditions, we can now also get input from the user and have them, you know, just input stuff and then compare. This is where we can start doing like guessing games, this is where we can start doing, you know, input a couple numbers, doing some math, that sort of thing, instead of just hard coding everything. So if you're not familiar with the scanner class, check that out. Again, it's all in my book, my ebook, and then you have dot next line. If you want a string, dot next int gives you an integer, go figure, and dot next double will give you a double. Then I go into the comparison operators. You have equals greater than, less than, greater than or equal to, less than or equal to, and not equal. It's kind of important to point out that the exclamation point means not because you'll see that later with the Boolean expressions. One thing you just want to go over is does five equal 5.0? And the answer is yes, it will give those things the exact same, it will evaluate the true accuracy. And then again, I just, you know, students need to be reminded, don't use equals with double equal signs with objects. The results are not always what you expect. There is a time and a place to do that when you're determining are they the exact same object. But for most of our purposes in this course, you don't really need that. It just stick with dot equals and they should be fine. Again, I try to limit what I teach the students to the AP subset as much as possible. I want to go a little bit outside of it, but, you know, the test is very important. The results are very important for college admissions. So I really try to not confuse things where I can. Then we have the logical operators. This is used to chain conditions together. So for example, you know, is it Tuesday? Is it after 5pm? Yes, we get a discount. So it's not just one condition. It is two or maybe three or four or five can be as many conditions as you as you want. So rather than nesting your if statements, you can combine them into one. Now in Java, we use the double ampersand for and and double pipes for or. So students coming from say, you know, Python, which I have quite a few. You know, they just they just need to be aware that we don't use and or the English words we use and and ampersand ampersand and the pipes here. And then the other one, this is a concept kind of interesting is short circuit evaluation. So sometimes we only need to check the first conditions. So the example I just gave, you know, is it what I say is it Tuesday? Is it after five? So if we go, is it Tuesday? And if it's Wednesday, do I need to check? Is it after five? The answer to that, of course, is no. So as a thought of efficiency, you know, if something is rare, you know, would you put it first as a condition or last as a condition? You probably put it first as a condition with and is that way there's less calculation that needs to be done. Now, I know computers are fast these days, but it's always doesn't hurt to get in the habit of thinking about efficiency. And then, of course, going into else and else if basically else, of course, is used when there is no other condition that is true. So for example, you know, is it Tuesday? So if it's Tuesday print, it's Tuesday else print, it's not Tuesday. So it can't be Tuesday and not Tuesday at the same time. There's only one possibility there. And then else if allows you to check for multiple conditions only one of which is true. That's an important point. So these these options have to be mutually exclusive. So the example I give in the ebook is if grade equals 12, then print your senior else if so else if if you're not a senior. Let's check if you're junior if grade equals 11, grade equals 10, grade equals equals nine. And then I have an else statement there. So the else says, okay, you're not a high school student. So based on the possibility, so you're either 12th grader, 11th grader, 10th grader, a ninth grader, or you're not a high school student. So that is our default option at the end, our catch all. That's a very common thing you'll see in coding, of course. Determining membership revisited. If you recall from the strings unit, we looked at determining is something a member, does something exist in another set in another collection using index of. So the example I think I gave there was vowels. So A, E, I, O, U and capital A, E, I, O, U. So now we can actually combine this instead of just printing out true and false like we did earlier. We can do if the index of a letter is greater than negative one, it is a vowel. So this lets us determine membership. And then you can kind of walk the students through an example and say, okay, I want to do the same thing. And I want to know if something is a number. So is it a number from zero to nine? Just to keep kids thinking of it that way, okay? And so just kind of, again, we can get more complex. The example we gave previously was, you could put a list of all the names in the class, you know, inside of one string, call it seniors. And then if index of, that's not how you do it in real life. But it gets them used to the idea of thinking of data as sometimes a collection of things. Yeah. And then the last topic I think in this unit is equivalent Boolean expressions. So the question is, are these two expressions the same for all cases? So we have two variables X and Y. So one approach is to do what's called a truth table. And that is where you just basically make a chart. So basically you have two variables. So true, true, true false, false, true, false, false. You have four possibilities.  And then compare both. The other option is something called De Morgan's law, which again, check out the book. It's explained there. But that's a bit of a complicated one, but it's really, really helpful because there are questions about this on the AP exam. The truth table method works, but it's slow. De Morgan's law is faster, but a little bit more prone, I think, to error. So, yeah, it's something that the students should be aware of both possibilities. And then here is the introductory exercise. As you've seen from the past few videos, if you've been watching along, basically what we're trying to do is choose objects and attributes, get them used to thinking about data, data types, and how can we relate what we're doing to the real world. So they can build on what they did before if they still have that on their computers or still have access to that, or they can start fresh. And I like that the students work in pairs on stuff like this, and it seems to work out pretty well, especially because coding tends to be a very isolating activity most of the time. So then basically they could just come up with some criteria and give, you know, phone A and phone B a rating. So, you know, for example, phone A, if the cost is less than $200, give it an extra rating. So, you know, one star because you might be cost, very cost conscious. Well, another student might say, well, if the phone cost is over $1,000, you know, plus two because they think they want to show off that they have money or whatever. So there's the coding side of it. There's the object side of it and there's kind of the value side of it. What do you value when evaluating a certain thing? You can get some really interesting results out of that. So that might help you get started and to, you know, help the kids get started thinking about how this relates to the real world. So we looked at the basic if statement, the comparison operators, the logical operators, short circuit evaluation, else and else if, determining membership, which is, again, a very useful skill. And especially as you start, you know, learning about more advanced data structures, you know, right now we're just doing strings, but it's pretty cool. And then equivalent Boolean expressions and we had an introductory exercise. You see exercises in a slightly larger font there. I missed that. Anyway, thanks for watching. Take care.


Hello, in this lecture we're going to work some smaller test type problems, problems that could be in the format of multiple choice type questions. We have here a company records purchases using the net method. On February 1st, they purchased merchandise inventory on account for 8,480 with terms 3,10, and 30, 3% discount paid within 10 days, otherwise paid within 30. The February 1st journal entry to record this transaction would include what? Normally when we buy something and usually the problem will assume that we're going to buy it not including the discount and then if we happen to pay it within 10 days we have to adjust for the fact that we got the discount, the assumption being that we're going to basically pay at the end in 30 days and if there was no discount that's what we would typically do because we want to hold on to our money as long as possible. But if we think that we're always going to take advantage of the discount, meaning we are going to do our best to pay within 10 days, then we want to put it on the books at


It's tough enough to collect money and to try to be safe shooting fireworks and everything that goes into preparing for them but then when you have to deal with things like that you know it made the rest of the day for everybody they you know their heads on a swivel trying to think you know is there somebody out there that maybe is driving a little bit reckless you know and it makes it really tough.


This lesson is titled So Can you change your attachment style and here is the lecture the answer is no Thank you very much for listening and see you in my next video Just yanking your chain just pulling your leg Cool it Did you ever hear of a lecture of mine, which is less than seven hours? I Compete very closely with Fidel Castro the late Fidel Castro Oh Okay, shoshaneem today. We are going to discuss The stability of attachment styles when you finally develop and adopt an attachment style, which is usually Right around the end of childhood the beginning of adolescence Is this attachment style for life? Is it gonna be with you for the entire lifespan? Is there nothing you can do about it? in one word Yes, there's nothing you can do about it attachment style Also known as attachment orientation in some other models of attachment and adaptation like the DMM Attachment style and attachment orientation are for life. They are immutable. We call it stability. They're stable But there's a lot you can do about it You can for example Neutralize your attachment style if you find your attachment style unacceptable dysfunctional if it damages your Relationships if it harms you personally if you're uncomfortable with it if you're a good dystonic you can absolutely neutralize your attachment style you can modify your attachment behaviors you can become self-aware and then prevent or negate a Misconduct emanating from your attachment style So there's a lot you can do you can even modify your internal relationship model which is Part of your internal working model now we're gonna discuss all these issues today and We're going to do a literature with review very extensive literature review but in a nutshell While you cannot change I repeat you cannot change your attachment style or attachment oriented orientation You can change many components in your attachment style and the behaviors attendant upon your attachment style so Hope is not lost on the very contrary people overcome insecure Attachment and they succeed to function well within long-term committed relationships, even though underlying all this is an attachment style which is self-defeating self-destructive and other destructive attachment style which pushes people away attachment style which is Essentially founded on a dread of intimacy never mind how bad your attachment style is and for example avoidant Dismissive is a seriously dysfunctional attachment style never mind. You can always overcome it By being self-aware modify your behavior modify your internal working model and working together with therapists and with your partners Okay, let's get to let's get to business and let's start by saying that 70% of people can't change anything about their attachment style and That's a sad statistic But the flip side of it is that 30% of people up to 46% depending on the study But usually 30% of people can and do change substantial components and ingredients ingredients of their attachment style and orientation to the point that Effectively, they are transforming their attachment or the way they attach to other people. They are transforming their bonding attachment behaviors and internal relationship models do change in 30% of people in internal relationship model is an interaction model between between a child and his caregivers When the child has experiences with the caregivers usually parental figures and more specifically the mother He internalizes these interactions and he creates a narrative that incorporates them and makes sense of these Of these exchanges and this is known as the model The internal relationship model becomes a part of the self the internal relationship model is subspecies an example of an internal working model and we will discuss internal working model at the end of this interminable lecture the relationship between a person's inner parent and inner child Supposed to be harmonious. They're supposed to love each other And so the more you had been loved and the better you had been treated the more your model Internal working model internal relationship model approximates functionality The better this model is for you and with you But if the relationship between your inner parent and inner child is pathological in some way if you have had what? Andrei Green called the a dead mother an absent selfish depressed parentifying mother Then you would have a lot of rage and a lot of hatred bottled up inside you And then the more you are loved The more this rage and hatred are gonna manifest You had learned as a child to associate love with pain and hurt And so anyone who tries to love you is a secretary objects object a potential enemy All important external relationships are extensions and projections of internal relationship models The more important the external relationship the more intimate it is the more powerful the inner relationship model is projected and activated so The more you are terrified of intimacy and and love The the more hateful resentful and aggressive you are When someone tries to love you and when you become intimate we're gonna discuss all this When we talk about the internal working model the internal working model of attachment is a mental representation Form through the child's early experiences with a primary caregiver and this mental representation Influences how the child interacts and builds relationships with other people as the child grows up We call this process object relations It also explains the differences in human behaviors among people that will not go into it Now what can you do about your attachment style or attachment orientation? This is something you had received as a legacy In childhood and then you stuck with it for life Yes, you can't control your attachment style and you can't change it never mind what what people say But what you can do you can definitely modify your behaviors. You can become self-aware. You're an adult now So you can you can realize That your behaviors are counterproductive destructive Self-defeating and other defeating hurtful and Push people away so you can modify these behaviors to counter the effects of the attachment style to neutralize the attachment style Also, you can modulate the intensity of your attachment orientation or attachment style You can tell yourself Literally tell yourself. I'm being I'm being avoidant now I'm being dismissive. I'm being paranoid and I'm gonna control this. I'm gonna take hold of myself.  I'm gonna go through with it. I'm gonna be brave I'm gonna be a big boy or a big girl And so the intensity the intensity can be modulated and it's very important because once the intensity is is brought down The attachment style becomes a lot more secure even if internally it's exactly the opposite the changes in Intensity in behaviors and in the internal working models are brought on and mediated via qualitative relationships or the quality of relationships if a relationship is if you have if you have a series of good Relationships healthy loving caring relationships with empathic people You will likely take more risks in future relationships. So it's a factor by definition You will have become more secure even if your internal style is immutable in the same Outwardly behaviorally you'll become more secure But if you're exposed to abuse to bullying to intermittent reinforcement if you were if you if you had a succession of partners who broke your heart and Dismissed you and humiliated you and rejected you then of course You may develop avoidance even if your attachment style is basically secure in other words You can be you can be conditioned to some extent And your behavior can be modified So quality of relationships then there's an issue of trauma if you experience trauma it tends to Change the way your attachment style is expressed now. That's a very important distinction Attachment styles can be crest expressed in myriad ways And so you could have the same attachment style from cradle to grave and yet behave very differently in different periods of your life Because you are expressing the attachment style the underlying attachment side very differently So trauma changes the expression of attachment style therapy a good therapist If it's a psychodynamic therapist using trans transference and counter-transference if it's CBT therapist using, you know Reframing and other CBT techniques, but a good therapist a therapist provides you with a holding environment a containing environment Therapist who provides you with in essence Unconditional acceptance in a way Such a therapist can induce massive changes in you He can be a proxy for or a sorrow gate for an intimate relationship kind of a bridge So therapy is very crucial if you have personal a personality disorder. That's a very bad progress you cater It means that your attachment style is extremely likely to be Deficient dysfunctional and insecure Not narcissists for example people with narcissistic personality disorder people with borderline personality disorder let alone psychopaths They all have severe Attachment dysfunctions because they're incapable of perceiving other people as separate entities With their own needs and wishes and preferences and priorities So they are unable to relate to other people as external objects the psychopath treats other people as Instruments the borderline treats other people as external Regulators of her ego functions the boundary ego boundary functions the Narcissist treats other people as sources of narcissistic supply. This is not this is a bed ground This is not the right ground for for Attachment this is wrong soil. No attachment is going to grow there. So personality disorders and finally life crisis life crisis can induce an apparent change in Personality orientation which is actually a change in behavior not in orientation We're gonna delve in the second half of the lecture We're gonna delve into the issue of internal relationship models internal working models and how they can be modified but I promised you a literature review a boring literature review and I'm a man of my word Plus, it's a pleasure to torture you Right shoshanim we start With a very recent article Chopin Edelstein and green 2019 the articles titled Longitudinal changes in attachment orientation over a 59 year period Was published in the journal of personality and social psychology volume 116 of course and I'm gonna read to you the abstract Research on individual differences in attachment and their links to emotion cognition and behavior in close relationships Has proliferated over the last few decades However, the majority of this research has focused on children and young adults Little is known about mean level changes in attachment orientation beyond early life in Part due to a dearth of longitudinal data on attachment across the lifespan We found say the authors we found that attachment anxiety Declined on average with age particularly during middle age and older adulthood. So they're talking about intensity Yes intensity declines with age, which is by the way very true for a variety of other traits personality traits and a variety of other mental health disorders psychopathy Ameliorates with age anxiety ameliorates with age Narcissism changes with age borderline personality disorder disappears with age age has something to do with all this and Attachment style or attachment orientation is an extensive trait in other words It's a trait that is ubiquitous in all areas of life and colors the entire personality So naturally it should undergo some kind of change with age They continue the authors continue attachment avoidance Decreased in a linear fashion across the lifespan Being in a relationship predicted lower levels of anxiety and avoidance across adulthood Men were higher in attachment avoidance at each point in the lifespan. You don't say oh Okay now back in time 25 years We go to an article titled attachment styles and close relationships a four-year Perspective study it was authored by Lee Lee Kirk Patrick and Cindy Hazen It was first published in June 1994 in the personal in the journal personal relationships the Journal of the International Association for Relationship Research Again, I'm gonna quote from each article. I'm gonna pick up Segments from each article and we're gonna read them aloud to you Mainly because I'm lazy Okay, here's what this article says a longitudinal study of a hundred and seventy seven adults Examine the stability of adult attachment styles and of romantic relationships over four-year period Findings included the following a Attachment styles were highly stable over time. I told you so be Attachment style was a significant predictor of relationship status See this effect was mediated by concurrent attachment style D in other words attachment style Modulation or modification D secure respondents were less likely than insecure respondents to report one or more breakups during the four-year interval but e paradoxically Bevelant respondents were just as likely as secure respondents to be in a relationship with the same partner. They identified four years earlier and if Attachment stability was moderated to some extent by the experience of breakup or initiation of a new relationship during the inter-a Respondence ability to recall their previous attachment style was also examined And so what is At the time groundbreaking article discovered was that attachment style is stable across a lifespan, but can be modulated Can be extensively modulated actually by having a relationship as simple as that now we go forward to 2011 to very Important article seminal article was published in the Australian believe it or not Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology the research of volume 11 It's a new a new academic journal, but of high standard. So the article is titled attachment across a lifespan Factors that contribute to stability and change was authored by Megan Megan McConnell McConnell of McGill University in Canada and Ellen Mott's of the University of Dickey Beck in Montreal So again, I'm going to quote from the article But this time I'm going to quote extensively because it's in my view the best review of attachment literature Extend to this very day So here's what the authors say a number of studies have examined Continuity of attachment from infancy to adolescence and adulthood in both low and high-risk samples I'm referring you here to Hamilton 2000 waters Merrick Tribu Crowell and alberghime 2000 Luis firing and Rosamund 2000 winefield through an Eagle and 2000 2000 as a vintage year for attachment studies so continuity from infancy to adolescence to adulthood was studied, you know was Investigated in all these studies Results from these studies say the authors have indicated that factors such as divorce single parenthal life-threatening illnesses within the family parental drug abuse death of a family member and other negative life events were all indicative of change to attachment insecurity as I said before life crisis have an effect modulating effect on the intensity Of the underlying attachment style In addition to the longitudinal studies continue the authors in Addition to these studies looking at attachment stability The research on this topic has expanded over the last two decades as investigators have examined continuity and discontinuity across particular developmental periods such as infancy and Here I refer you to Baikhaeem Sutton Fox and Marvin 2000 Eagle and and Farber 1984 Von der Hommerding and Shaw 1999 Continuity of attachment style had been studied even in early childhood. I refer you to Moss, Sear, Burro, Tarabulski and Dubois Comptoir 2005 and to the NICHD NICHD study in 2001 Many studies dealt with continuity of attachment style in middle childhood and adolescence Ellen, McKellar, Haney, copper mink and Jody 2004 Amaniti, Van Isidorn, Speranza and Tambelli in 2000 etc etc and finally there were even studies which went into adulthood and Investigated whether attachment styles are stable in adulthood. And so I refer you to Crowell, Trebu in waters 2002 Schaaf, Bartholomew, 1994, Zhang, Labouavi, Vieff 2004 Okay, so This is a literature review. You see that there are dozens of studies Which had dealt with the issue of stability of attachment style across a lifetime and the authors The authors of the article that was published in the Australian Journal say These studies have also identified variables such as stressful life events family risk and depression as predictive of change from security to insecurity or disorganization and they refer to studies by Ellen, McKell, Haney and copper mink and Jody 2004 which I mentioned before, Balhaim, Sutton-Fox and Marvin study 2000, Mossier, Burot, Tawabulski, Dubois, Comptoir 2005 the Studies that I mentioned Okay Where are we going with all this? What are the authors trying to say? First, they qualify. They say there have been fewer findings regarding the factors that contribute to stable security or change from insecurity to security of the studies that have succeeded in discovering results related to the trajectory towards security Variables such as relationship satisfaction greater emotional openness and fewer negative life events have been found to be related to change Towards attachment security and they refer to studies by Eagle and and Farber 1984 and Woundry at allies 1999 Currently say the author there's a porosity of literature integrating all the findings on attachment stability There are no reviews that have examined the literature and attachment stability across their lifespan The conclusion of the article is this In summary this review documents the variables That influence stability and change in attachment across the developmental periods of infancy Prescore adolescence and adulthood between infancy and adolescence and adulthood this paper provides a unique contribution to the literature and attachment stability by identifying the specific developmental factors that influence continuity and discontinuity across the lifespan Additionally variables that are influential in predicting stable security and change to security were examined in infancy variables such as maternal depression antisocial behavior maternal employment Child rearing methods etc seem to have more of an influence in predicting stability and change in attachment across infancy Since they directly impact caregiving behavior and since the attachment relationship is in the process of formation during infancy variables that directly alter caregiving behavior have a significant impact on the attachment relationship Additionally to say the office external factors such as negative life events and factors that operate within the marital relationship such as Relationship satisfaction also influence stability and change in attachment style during this developmental period Therefore factors that influence maternal behavior directly as well as factors that stem from the environment and within the family all important predictors of stability and change during infancy during early childhood maternal factors appear to play less of a role in predicting stability and change in attachment While there are still associations between some caregiving behaviors such as maternal sensitivity and change in attachment classification factors such as negative life events marital satisfaction and more than 10 hours a week in child care are just as influential in predicting stability and change in attachment during this period of early childhood This makes sense given that developmentally the preschool child is more capable of interacting with their environment and less restricted to proximity seeking behavior Across the period of adolescence factors related to identity and communication in family interactions as well as depression play a role in predicting stability and change during adolescence There are important issues that adolescents often struggle with And it seems appropriate that they would be influential in affecting the course of the parent-child relationship during this period Negative life events were also shown to predict stability and change during this time of adolescence indicating that external factors continue to operate in ways that alter or stabilize the parent-child relationship In adulthood variables such as coping well-being and environmental stress all influence stability and change in attachment relationships with parents or partners during this period It seems that factors which are more prevalent for adults such as coping and well-being have a greater impact on attachment relationships with either a parent or a partner These variables along with those which are external such as environmental stress work together to either sustain or modify attachment relationships In regard to stability from infancy to adolescence to adulthood Negative life events stand out as the strongest predictor in influencing change to insecurity in attachment relationships over time Events such as the loss of a parent or family member parental divorce living in poverty parental hospitalization or abuse or significantly alter caregiving behavior and dynamics within the family Those factors that maintain stability or predict change to security in attachment relationships over time are less clear What is clear however Is that experiencing a negative life event as a dramatic effect on the quality of the parent-child relationship And this will likely set the stage for other maladaptive outcomes for the child later in life I've read I've read the whole very long article. I think it was about 30 something pages and What the authors are actually saying is that sometimes after adverse Adverse childhood experiences a c and negative life events or life crises sometimes People develop insecurity or increased insecurity But we don't know whether People transition from insecurity to security and if so, what causes it? It's as simple as that So it's easy to become less secure We have no proper documentation of cases where people became more secure And even in transition from secure to insecure This is usually in the margins and usually temporary And so it's it looks much more like a modification of behaviors intensity and the internal working model Then anything fundamental because people afterwards default to the original attachment style So yes, attachment styles can be suspended Can be all can be modified to some extent They can be played with they can be neutralized But there is no proof at this stage In any study That attachment styles one attachment style disappears and another one appears and is god awful confusion between attachment styles behavior attachment behaviors and internal Relationship points Let's go to another article 1997 Why does attachment style change? Jay de Villa Dee Burge and C. Heyman It was published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology October 1997 Again, I'm going to read to you the abstract Adult attachment research has preceded on the assumption that attachment style is relatively stable and affects future functioning However, researchers have become interested in attachment instability Mind you, not change Instability I repeat, however, researchers have become interested in attachment instability and predictors of attachment style change In this article, two concept conceptualizations of attachment style change were examined attachment style change is a reaction to current circumstances And attachment style change is an individual difference in susceptibility to change That is associated with stable vulnerability factors A total of 155 women were assessed after high school graduation and six months and two years later Results primarily supported the conceptualization of attachment style change as individual as an individual difference Specifically, some women may be prone to attachment fluctuations not change fluctuations because of adverse earlier experiences As I said, bad relationships abuse trauma And women who show attachment fluctuations say the authors are similar to women with stably insecure attachments In other words, some women who are vulnerable, susceptible, who had gone through bad life experiences These women show fluctuations in their attachment style But these fluctuations are indistinguishable from a stable insecure attachment Okay, we proceed From the journal personality and social psychology review A 2017 article Revising working models across time Relationship situations that enhance attachment security The authors are Aviaga, Kumashiro, Simpson and others It was published in June 2017 Now This is a very interesting article because it is among the first to link attachment fluctuations or attachment instability with internal internal working models The authors propose the attachment. I am reading the abstract to you The authors, we propose the authors propose the attachment security enhancement model A S E M attachment security enhancement model To suggest how romantic relationships can promote chronic attachment security One part of the A S E M examines partner responses that protect relationships from the erosive effects of immediate insecurity But such responses may not necessarily address underlying insecurities in a person's mental models This is a very important distinction What the authors are saying is If you have a good partner, a loving, caring, empathic partner, supportive partner Your, the expression of your insecure attachment style Can be mitigated and ameliorated Outwardly, you will appear to be more secure But it has nothing to do It does not, I repeat, it does not necessarily address Underlying insecurities in the person's mental models So the insecurity is still there The attachment style is stable The working model is unchanged But you trust your partner Your partner loves you Cares for you And you let go You and by letting go You appear to be more secure But it's not real security because It's actually relegating Several ego boundary functions to the partner This is what many borderlines do This kind of, in this kind of situation It's like the person with the insecure attachment style says, okay I'm going to let you secure my attachment style You will be my attachment style Is telling the intimate partner I trust you, I believe in you, I know you love me So I'm going to let you dictate How I am to behave in this attachment relationship So intimate partner kind of regulates The fluctuations of the insecure attachment style I continue with the article The authors say, therefore a second part of the ASEM And to remind you ASEM is Attachment security enhancement model So a second part of the ASEM Exams relationship situations that foster more secure mental models Both parts may work in tandem We posit that attachment anxiety should decline most In situations that foster greater personal confidence And more secure mental models of the self In contrast attachment avoidance should decline most In situations that involve positive dependence And foster more secure models of close others Which is a fancy way of saying what I just said The ASEM integrates research and theory Suggest novel directions, etc, etc That's the propaganda bit Let's go really back to the founding fathers Of the whole thing Bowel B, Bartholomew, Horowitz and others I'm going to read to you the abstract of a very, very ancient article 1991, Bartholomew and Horowitz Attachment styles among young adults A test of four category model Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Volume 61 Here's the abstract A new four group model of attachment styles in adulthood Is proposed Four prototypic attachment patterns are defined Using combinations of a person's self-image, positive or negative Any image of others, positive or negative In study one an interview was developed to yield continuous and categorical ratings Of the four attachment styles Inter-correlations of the attachment ratings were consistent with the proposed model Attachment ratings were validated by the self-report measures Of self-concept and interpersonal function Each style was associated with a distinct profile of interpersonal problems According to both self and friend reports In study two, attachment styles within the family of origin and with peers Were assessed independently The results of study one were replicated The proposed model was shown to be applicable to representations of family relations Attachment styles with peers were correlated with family attachment ratings So they're stable across environments When you see someone who used to be needy and clinging and became avoidant Someone who used to be anxious, preoccupied and avoidant or dismissive and became secure Someone who used to be secure and he's suddenly insecure When you see these things you say wow Attachment styles are fluid, they're in flux, they change But that's not true We know it's not true because people default after some time to the original attachment styles So what does change? Because clearly there's a change, any therapist will tell you So what does change? Well first and foremost self-awareness Self-awareness creates a feedback loop that modifies Attitude to attachment In attachment we have three elements Attitude, desire and behavior And self-awareness modifies attitude and to some extent desire And this of course leads to behavior modification And the more you behave the more feedback you get And the more positive the feedback the more self-efficacious you feel So this gives you an incentive, incentivizes you to behave in certain ways We call this positive reinforcement And so this is one trajectory, one way that visible attachment changes The other way is by changing the way you see the world The way you see the world, the way you see yourself And the way you see yourself in the world, interacting with other people And this is known as the internal working model IWM, internal working model Like many other things it was invented by John Balby Brilliant psychiatrist He came up with the theory of attachment later modified by Mary Ainsworth and others I recommend to you to watch my videos on attachment Including the latest one about DMM But John Balby's theory of attachment asserted that infants are born programmed To seek connection and proximity to caretakers because they need to survive They need to create an attachment bond because otherwise they die They need food, they need shelter, they need to motivate their mothers and fathers To take care of them, smiling, crying These are all signals, bonding signals, attachment signals Over time, children learn to internalize the whole process of attachment And they use these base relationships with primary objects, primary caregivers They use these base relationships and they form a kind of narrative or script or prototype And this becomes the template upon which they construct all future intimate relationships Honestly, all future relationships, not only intimate And this prototype, the prototypical relationship It's a kind of an, it's archetype, it's a set of archetypes And it's called the internal working model It's very symbolic, it's highly symbolic It consists of how the child interprets and responds to the caregiver's behaviors The child forms an expectation and then he uses the expectation to plan And to decide on acting and then he acts and then he gets feedback And the feedback modulates and modifies his behavior And this is the kind of a loop And so internal working models are very, very significant Very important in developmental psychology, in child development Because they're kind of an inner navigation system, inner guidance system All future behaviors literally dictated by the internal working model If you have a view of the world that is hostile and dangerous, it's one thing And if you have a view of the world that most people are good, that's, you'll have a different life Internal working models influence emotions, behaviors, cognitions, interactions With others, expectations about relationships, you name it These are models of the whole world, it's a model of the world It's a theory of the world, like we have a theory of mind Theory of mind is we're trying to decipher what makes people tick What people are thinking So theory of the world is the internal working model These models operate outside of conscious awareness That's why they're so powerful They unconsciously direct the attention and the behaviors in relationships Internal working models are dynamic Don't misunderstand me, they're not set in stone They are dynamic, they can change under certain conditions They tend to remain stable over time But as opposed to attachment style, they are amenable to change And very often they do change Of course, with experience, with information So they change And they are so powerful that they change their affect behavior And then you say, oh, you see, the attachment style changed No, the behavior changed within attachment relationships Their behaviors within attached relationships had to change Because the model had been modified And it's now dictating different expectations and different behaviors It's the quality of the parent-child in early life His huge effect on future relationships Boulby says that babies start to form internal working models in early childhood Around the age of three In early infancy, these models are available only for the recognition of the attachment figures And short-term anticipation, of course They're very kind of animalistic or binary things But then the child evolves There's memory Memory creates identity All kinds of cognitions are linked together And then they're connected to emotions and feelings And so the model becomes much more complex and more enriched And these models become general mental representations of other people and of yourself Of oneself You suddenly have a model of yourself And you have a model of other people It's the same model And then you have You put the two parts together and suddenly there's an interaction Like sparks in a plug, you know Suddenly there's an interaction, like two magnets, if you wish Attracting each other The two parts of the model are indistinguishable If you modify one part, for example, how you see other people You modify the other part, how you see yourself And vice versa That's why personal experience constantly Alters changes the internal working model And experiences you've had with other people more so In adulthood, this representation, this internal working model Affects everything in your life Your thoughts, your feelings, behavior, human relationships But especially love relationships which tend to replicate The first love you ever had Love of mommy An internal working model of the self Arises exactly because you are interacting with other people It's relational That's why the very concept of individual The concept of individual, the concept of personality Are highly suspect Because the model, the internal model that represents you The internal model that is you Is totally dependent on the interactions with others Starting with very intimate and close others Like mommy and daddy A child derives beliefs About how acceptable the self is Through the gaze of the primary caregiver He judges himself by how responsive they are to him A child whose caregiver responds reliably, predictably Lovingly, embracingly, empathically This kind of child develops a representation of the self It's lovable, acceptable, worthwhile Here's what you can call a positive self-image These children see mother and father and whatever attachment figure there is They see them as a secure base, a safe base That they can turn to whenever in trouble, whenever in doubt These attachment figures represent safety But imagine that you grow up with an inconsistent or unresponsive attachment figure And then you develop a view of yourself as unacceptable, unworthy, unlovable So you have a negative self-image and low self-esteem And the lack of attachment security means that you don't believe that your caretaker is accessible For safety and comfort So you have to either refer to yourself which creates narcissism Or excessively rely on others which creates all the varieties of codependency Researchers have identified four attachment styles in adults According to different combinations of these inner working models of self and others This secure attachment, a securely attached person, possesses a positive sense of worthiness And the expectation that other people are generally accepting and responsive There's a preoccupied attachment That kind of person has a sense of unworthiness But a positive evaluation of others The person strives to be a good person The person strives to be accepted and valued by other people Then there is the fearful avoidant attachment It's a person who has a sense of unworthiness and expectation To be rejected by others who are untrustworthy And this kind of person protects himself from anticipated rejection and abandonment By avoiding close involvement with others And yet they have a strong dependency on others to maintain a positive self-image So they approach avoid all the time, hot and cold That's very typical of borderline personality disorder And finally there's the dismissive avoidant attachment And that's an individual who has a sense of loveworthiness He thinks he's worthy of love, thinks he's lovable But he has a negative disposition towards other people And so he protects himself against disappointment He says I'm worthy of love but I'm not going to get it So he doesn't want to be disappointed What he does, he avoids close relationships He maintains a sense of independence and invulnerability I'm some sufficient, I don't need you, go away These people are detached or dismissing of attachment and intimacy And in many ways they dread intimacy Because it results in hurt and rejection Attachment styles are not only stable across a lifespan They're a little like communicable diseases They can be inter-generationally transmitted So if a parent has a working model pattern If a parent has an attachment style Especially if it's an insecure attachment style The parent tends to pass it on to his or her offspring There have been studies that show that children Have a history of secure attachment at one year old And they have more adaptive interactions subsequently Not only with parents but also with peers and with teachers These children behave in predictable ways Including with their own children when they become parents So they tend to pass it on And similarly, maltreated abused children They form insecure attachment and they tend to become abusive parents And they create insecure attachment in their own kids There are many many studies that show this And this maltreated, maltreated, maltreating Hurt people hurt, maltreated, maltreating cycle It's very striking because you see how the internal working model Is formed in early attachment relationships and then carried forward And reenacted in subsequent relationships It's what Freud called a repetition compulsion So attachment styles are actually stable across generations That's how stable they are However, we are not automatons, we are not robots We can become self aware, we can work on our behaviors We can modify the way we see ourselves and others A good therapist will help you with this A good friend will help you with this And a good partner is better than both So work on yourself Try to be less scared of the world And less terrified of yourself Try to be more vulnerable More open to the inevitable hurt of loss As it is loss that is the engine of personal growth and personal development


You know ladies and gentlemen, my passion is always about getting on with the job that we have to do. It's not easy, it's complicated, it has many aspects, but the bottom line is that we need to get on with those things that we're passionate about and we can passionately agree and we can sometimes passionately disagree. But that's the beauty of democracy, that's the beauty of organizations like this. And I know the diversity of opinions that sit in this room because I've sat with you. But I do know this, that if you believe in something, be passionate about it. Have a vision for what you believe in, articulate it and do it with respect. So if I have ever said anything to offend any of you in all my life in local government, I apologize but I don't apologize for my passion and I don't apologize for commitment.  Well, I'm going to say ditto to what Minister Sohi said about the Clean Water Wastewater Fund. Ladies and gentlemen, $450 million contributed by all levels of government including yourselves largest infrastructure funding in this province in the last 15 years. And I think you should applaud yourselves for that because you're making the contribution. The federal government is making the contribution and the province of British Columbia with our commitment to that is making our contribution of 33 percent. And it's going to make a difference in every one of the communities throughout this province that make application and get projects going to protect the health and welfare of their communities. And I think that is a major step ahead for all of us and we should all look at each other and say thank you for our passion and let's get on with it.  Now, who's going to be eligible? So I'm going to try and keep this really simple for you. Many of you applied on the Building Canada Fund and put in applications for water projects. Minister Sohi alluded to the fact that there are 35 projects under the new Clean Water Wastewater that have been approved. He mentioned a couple of them. I will tell you this, the 35 that have been approved are projects that were applied before under the Building Canada Fund. They have been moved over automatically, you don't need to reapply. And our staff at the provincial desk and on our website as of this morning, all 35 communities will find their names and what has been approved so you can get on with getting shovels in the ground. And the second part of that is as of this morning, the intake for the rest will be opened up and communities can apply and I urge you to go on the website, go to the provincial desk, get the details of how you can apply and the criteria and let's get on with getting these projects done as soon as we possibly can. You know, ladies and gentlemen, I've had the chance to travel around the province, both as education minister and now as the minister of community sport and cultural development and the minister responsible for TransLink. And what I've learned in traveling around in all my life, even when I was a local mayor and I represented all of you in the RCMP contract negotiations, is we've got an amazing province with diversity and with all kinds of opportunities for people, but we also have challenges. When I was in Port Alice and I met with the mayor and her council and they talked about the uncertainty they face because of the pulp mill and the forest industry and things are going through. When we talk about the fastest growing economy in the country, we know clearly there are still challenges in the Northwest. We've done an agreement with the Northeast sector and we're starting to see the payments flow in terms of sharing the prosperity. We are committed to working in communities that are struggling. That's why the rural dividend fund was announced and the intakes, the first intakes have been done, announcements will be made by minister Thompson and his team shortly and we're going to continue to have other applications come in. But because we have a strong economy, we have the resources to invest in those parts of the province that are still having challenges and we do not underestimate those. The premier is passionate that we need to share the prosperity everywhere in the province and to help communities that are struggling and that is our commitment to you as we move forward. We also know and I have had many discussions with UBCM executive about the issue of strong fiscal futures and most of you know me, I tell it like I believe it to be. One of the greatest challenges we as the province faced over the years is the area of compensation and how that relates to our ability to manage costs and to move forward but to respect the workers and the people in our communities that make the contributions. I've been asked by the UBCM executive on a number of occasions to sign an MOU that also ties us beyond a discussion about compensation to other aspects of strong fiscal future and I will tell each and every one of you in this room that the objective of sitting down with your executive and start the conversation on the largest cost driver, namely compensation, is what I want to do as the minister responsible on behalf of our government and then we'll see where it leads us in terms of other opportunities. But we need to start there. I've talked to many mayors and councillors, I realized that myself as a local mayor, our greatest cost is our staff. But we as government are not going to impose anything on local governments. We want to sit at the table and talk about compensation in all of its aspects and to see what we can do. We have some experience at the province. 98% of our collective agreements have been negotiated at the table, not imposed, and we have been able to maintain and control costs but also respecting the rights of workers and we made commitments in those agreements that when the province prospers we will share that prosperity with our workers and ladies and gentlemen this year because of our economy checks are going in the mail to all of the unionized employees that we sign contracts with respecting those agreements, that is what collaboration is all about, that is what working together is all about, and I can tell you we want to do that with local governments and I think we can start with compensation discussions but it is the choice of UBCM and all of the members to get on with that job. I'm committed as minister to doing that and I think we need to get on with it. Last year I was here and we talked about the auditor general for local government. Not without controversy, I read the resolution the day after I had appointed the new individual and I respected the resolution but I didn't agree with it. We are committed to maintaining the auditor general for local government and ladies and gentlemen those of you that have met with Gordon Ruth, have worked with him, have clearly seen that he's living up to the commitment to engage with local governments, to work with local governments and to find opportunities for best practices that can be shared throughout the province and I simply want to say the 18 audits that he's done, the feedback I've had from communities, it's been a worthwhile process, they see the value and we're going to continue to ensure that Gordon and his team as an independent office will continue to work with UBCM and each and every one of you and I applaud Gordon and his team for the work they've done. The proof of the pudding is what they've accomplished in this last year and I believe there's lots more to do. You know in my portfolio there's a number of different elements. Many of you know that one of the things I look after is sport and I want to thank the sport and the other organizations throughout the province for the great work that they do in communities in celebrating sport and physical activity as part of what makes communities strong and I know there are many, many, many dedicated volunteers in every community in this province that work so hard to give communities and young people the opportunity to live healthy lives and so I want to thank everyone who's involved and our commitment is to continue to fund sport to the levels that we have and as we continue to prosper share more of that prosperity but you know since 2001 we've invested over a billion dollars in sport and I can tell you that is not going to stop. Same thing with arts and culture, important part of our economy in sharing the lifeblood of communities through cultural expression, through creative expression and when you look at our film industry and how it is prospering and growing and contributing to our economy it's because we have a strong foundation of respect and involvement with arts and culture and that is going to continue as well. First Nations, we've worked very hard, the only province in the country to meet with all of the chiefs, we had the third meeting just recently, lots of challenges, lots of opportunity but again our respect and I know your respect for our First Nations and indigenous peoples is so critical. The Premier's announcement of setting up an office in the Royal BC Museum to collaborate with First Nations to identify and repatriate historical belongings that belong to those communities that are the foundation of their history is again a commitment on the part of the province of British Columbia to honor our First Nations and to celebrate their contribution to our province, our country. You know there's lots of things and it's always amazing when you get prepared for a speech like this, the staff gives me this much information and I've got this much time. But there's so many things I'd like to talk about but a couple of examples of announcements that we have made recently. I just met with a regional district the other day who had made requests and went through the process to get a new name. So the Schena Queen Charlotte Regional District is now as a result of my signing the letters patent is now going to be known as the North Coast Regional District and I thank them for their passion and commitment to make that name change that reflects who they are, where they are and they have now got a new name and I know they've got to change all their signage but they're happy to do that so congratulations to them. My colleague Teresa Watt has been talking with local governments and businesses throughout the province and they have talked how do we get our products to other markets, how can we expand our opportunities, it's difficult for us as small businesses to do that and so on behalf of her today I'm pleased to announce that they are going to be establishing a new opportunity for small business that in the next couple of months they're going to be launching what is called the export manager, a 12 month pilot project in four BC communities which will be identified shortly and they will help those companies in those areas to be able to find new opportunities and it's a pilot to work out the bugs so that we can put that right across the province and continue to see small businesses thrive throughout British Columbia. The third announcement is one that I'm delighted to make on behalf of my colleague Norm Letnick, the Minister of Agriculture. Today on his behalf I'm announcing that we are going to be launching a program of Grow Local BC. Again, thank you, again Grow Local BC is providing funding of up to $25,000 for 10 communities as a beginning as they work directly with their local residents in helping grow their own food so that they can show that sustainable agriculture starts at home and again that program is going to set the track for the future throughout the rest of the province. It's a great pilot project and we'll have great results. There's many other things I've spoken about the Peace River Agreement, I've talked about the Northern Rockies Regional Municipal Infrastructure Development Contributions, the small community grants that we work with the federal government whether it's the gas tax, Minister Sohi spoke about all kinds of opportunities but ladies and gentlemen there is unprecedented investment happening in the province of British Columbia because we have a strong economy because you are all working together and working with us to build that economy and our commitment, Premier Clark's commitment is to continue to invest. The announcement by the federal government on the approval of the Pacific Northwest Natural Gas Project, the LNG Project and you know many people said it was a dream, it was impossible but you know what because the Premier, Minister Coleman, Minister Deong and all the members of our government said that is a generational opportunity that we are going to be tenacious on going after even when world markets are struggling. We're going to continue to push and so it's not a question of if, it's a question of when and I know the proponent sees British Columbia as a leader in the world sees British Columbia as an opportunity to help the rest of the world deal with climate change through an alternative fuel and ladies and gentlemen it is going to mean benefits to every single British Columbia no matter where you live and every Canadian and that is why our partners in Ottawa approve the environmental certificate, it's the right decision, it is the one that is going to continue to give to each and every one of us. So I'm going to wrap up here I've got lots more I could say I'm going to ask you to do this for me is go to the provincial desk go on the website see how you can apply immediately for the clean water wastewater projects and then I'm going to do one last thing I'm going to ask the following communities because many of you know the government has committed significant dollars in planning grants but I'm going to ask the district of Stuart the city of Armstrong Bowen Island municipality the city of Chilliwack the city of Furnie the village of Fruitville the town of Gibson's the city of Greenwood the city of Kamloops the village of Midway the village of Necusp the town of Smithers the Columbia Shoe Shwap regional district the Comox Valley regional district the regional district of Kootenai boundary the central coast regional district the regional district of Okanagan-Samilkameen and the regional district of Central Okanagan to go to the view of Royal Room to get a letter from the province of British Columbia approving your applications for planning grants so you can get on with building prosperity and building your communities in this wonderful province in this great country and Minister Sohi I want to say to you in the time that you and I have had a chance to get to know each other as you've said I know we have the same vision as every other person in this room and that is to build strong communities where people live where they work where their children grow up and get their education where they receive the health care and social services they need and I want to thank you on behalf of all of us everyone in the province of British Columbia and I believe every citizen in Canada for the vision that you have to work together and to be stronger together and ladies and gentlemen that's the theme that's the commitment you have it from Minister Sohi and his government and you have it from me and our government and I know I know we will all be stronger together thank you very much


I'm living in Turkey and I'm from Morocco, so I saw a lot of people, a lot of women, and a lot of husbands, how they can, how they act with their women, or people, how can they act with women. For example, I can say that, for example in Morocco, we find sometimes that men act with women with the wrong method, or I can say with the wrong way. So it's not in general, but I'm saying that there is a part of people that act like that. So they see it, they see her like just something that cannot be useful, or they can say that she can't be very good, or she can't succeed in her life if she is alone without a man. So there are negative messages toward women that they cannot succeed without the man. Yeah, sometimes they say like that. In Turkey there is the same thing, but for example not in all of Turkey, but in some places. So there are people who didn't learn or study or something like that. They don't know about the world, so they say all the time that the woman is not useful. And they keep the woman in their houses.  You are living away from home. What has made you so strong and independent? Why are you different from others? So I can say that I believe in the things that women can do. I believe that the woman can do very good things in her life. So for example I can say that I am a woman and I'm studying and I know four languages and I'm studying architecture. So it's like an example for women. But there are too many women more good than me. And they are Moroccans and Turkish people. From Turkish people and from Moroccan people. There are too many women that they succeed a lot. Can I ask you, how can you have a conversation with men? Either in your family or your friends or other people to talk about the mistreatment of women? Do you think that you could talk to a man about the way he puts a woman down? How can that conversation begin? Yeah, I can discuss with a man in this subject.  So he can't act like that if he is acting the wrong way. So I can show him some women from the internet, from his country, from his city or something like that. And I'm always trying to talk with him at a very high level. So I won't say to him that you are not, for example, if he is not working or if he didn't study. I won't say to him that you didn't study so the women study and they are more good than you. So that may become a wrong way. That may become something that he will not like it. He will hate the woman a lot more. So I can just give examples and try to explain to him just like that. Today we are talking about the case of the Indian men who have been sentenced to death for gang raping a woman. Have you heard about this news story? No, it's the first time I heard about it. India has been struggling with a lot of rapes and recently a court sentenced men who were involved in the rape of this woman. They sentenced them to death. She died after the attack. So we're wondering how women are treated where you live and how do you think they should be treated? Yes, exactly. Exactly, women are very basic of any society. It's like our human. Humanity must have, I don't know, must respect women. Women are a part of society, never been neglected by others. In my country, just like India, most of the women are treated in a bad way. So in my opinion, women must be treated in a humanity way. Women must be treated very, very in a respect way and it's very, very cruel. And I think women must be respected by others. Why do you think that women are not respected or are treated badly in your country as you said? Yes, because of religious aspects. In my country, most of the 90% of my society is Islamic religious. I think because of religious and most of the women must be protected by others. That means women are not superior just like men. Men control women in my country. So men are superior than women. Women are not the first gender in my country. Men control women in every respect of life. Are you men? No, I'm still a baby. Do you have a sister? Yes, I have a lot of sisters. How do you feel like you can help them be more equal in society? Yes, in my opinion, women must be not in the control of men. So also in my country, women cannot work without the permission of men. In my opinion, women must be treated in a good way. And they must go out and work to be more free and feel free to be working. Not just men work and give them every page. Okay, good. Well, thank you. And next time we're going to talk to your sister and see if you're treating them right. Actually, do you want to, would one of your sisters like to talk to us right now? She's a little sister. She's a little young to talk about a subject like this, but thank you. How does Vietnamese culture deal with the issue of violence against women? Is it discussed openly? Is it talked about privately? Is it ignored? Some rural area still had that violence when we talk about that. However, in the city or the people who go to work already, are they intelligent? Yes. And I found that we behave equally. We are treat equally. Last December, I heard the story about the rape case in India. And it was really sad news for us people, both in India and here in Nepal. It was really a bad news.  I mean, do you think it was right for the four men to be sentenced to die for the crime? Yeah, it's the good decision by the court to hang them to death because the people aren't afraid of raping, you know. They think that if we do, then we'll just get escaped and the government won't punish us. So they are not being, so they are not fear of the law. And it's a good decision by the court. And I think that type of decisions will stop other men from trying to attempt such activities. I think the problem is the huge number of population. So if you look at the country like India, because as you know, it's the second country in terms of population. So this is one reason behind that. The second reason from my point of view is poverty, you know. Another reason from my point of view is not having a good system of legality to face that action is to provide punish or to punish people who do that actions. Domestic violence, I mean, it's getting popular. I mean that now we can read and hear about this problem more and more than some years ago. So what's being done about now that people are talking more, you say in the Czech Republic about domestic violence. What's being done about it? Do you feel the laws are strong enough? Or even are people having conversations about if it's right or wrong? So, you know, domestic violence, there is possibility for threatened women where she feels be threatened. So she called for help for police and the perpetrator, the husband or boyfriend and the man can be taken out from their house or home and he can visit the women for 10 days. It's according to the Czech law when a case of domestic violence happened.  I don't know law in other countries, how the police officers solve the case of domestic violence in other countries. But I know that in the Czech Republic is the law.


Silicon Valley should not restrict public discourse about COVID measures which affect everyone. Twitter has banned the account of controversial virologist Dr. Robert Malone, who reportedly had half a million followers at the time of his removal. Malone is credited, even by mainstream critics, as having played a significant role in the development of the mRNA technology being used for COVID-19 vaccines today. But has recently come under fire for comments about the safety of those vaccines' use in children, which the authorized fact-checkers have labeled dangerously and flagrantly incorrect. Everyone should oppose the removal of Malone and commentators who share his views, regardless of whether they agree with them or vehemently despise them. The reason for this is very simple. Only a fool would support government-tied, monopolistic billionaire corporations regulating public discourse about COVID responses which affect us all. This is true regardless of what you personally happen to believe about mRNA vaccines. Arguments that Malone and his ilk are peddling misinformation have no bearing on the question of whether they should be removed from those platforms everyone uses to debate ideas and discuss information. It is entirely legitimate to make arguments that their claims are inaccurate, but it is not at all legitimate to claim that platforms, which large sectors of humanity have come to rely on for public discourse, should interfere with or obstruct those conversations. Even if we were to accept unconditionally the position that people should be banned from such platforms if they are posting misinformation, who exactly do we imagine would be determining whether something is misinformation or not? Will we be consulting some impartial, agendalist, omniscient demigod through some sort of crystal ball or magical rune portal? Or would we in fact be relying on flawed human beings looking at the information through the lens of their own cognitive biases, agendas, perceptual distortions and knowledge limitations? I ask because historically what these giant Silicon Valley corporations have been doing to determine who gets to have a voice and who doesn't is working in consultation with think tanks funded by governments in the military industrial complex, like the Atlantic Council and the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, as well as working with the US government directly to an increasingly intimate degree. This fact is devastating to the popular argument that these are merely private corporations enforcing their terms of service, since they are becoming inseparably interwoven with government power. In a corporatist system of government, corporate censorship is state censorship. Public discourse is consolidated on these gigantic platforms to such an extent that getting your ideas heard by a large number of people requires participation in them. And now they are determining how issues of such immense political importance as government pandemic responses may be discussed and doing so in increasingly intimate collaboration with the most powerful governments on earth. These restrictions on public discourse about the way human civilization responds to COVID-19 were first normalized in 2020 by the deplatforming of weirdos like David Ike for conspiracy theories linking coronavirus symptoms to 5G. And that normalization has continued to metastasize so far over the last year and a half that it's now considered perfectly acceptable for these platforms to ban a popular scientific researcher whose work helped develop mRNA vaccines for expressing his scientific opinion about them. Humanity is a mess. We're dealing with so many deep, deep problems and facing so many existential hurdles in our immediate future, and it's clear that the people in charge aren't going to navigate us through them with any degree of skill. This means we're going to have to figure things out as a collective, and we're not going to be able to do that if we're forbidden from communicating with each other in ways the powerful don't approve. Certainly, allowing human speech to flourish unrestricted would mean a lot of people saying things that we disagree with, and even saying things that are objectively and demonstrably wrong. But the alternative is allowing speech to be controlled by the same power structure which saw fit to invade Iraq, which is currently committing genocide in Yemen, and pushing us toward direct military confrontation with Russia and China. Government-tied oligarchic megacorporations are among the very last institutions who should be in charge of worldwide political discourse. The future of humanity depends on our ability to bring light to the darkness, to bring awareness to that which we are not yet aware. As with individual awakening, a collective awakening will necessarily be sloppy, clumsy, and full of confrontation and awkward conversations. But it's the only way we can begin working our way toward becoming a species whose actions are based on truth rather than untruth, unconsciousness rather than unconsciousness. Until that happens, we will necessarily continue along our self-destructive trajectory.


Welcome back to drinks made easy because cocktails don't have to be difficult. When you're not having brunch or just a drink in general and Bloody Mary's come up, do you have a friend who has this reaction? Bloody Mary's? Ugh, no thank you. Well for those folks where it's too savory, we have the watermelon Bloody Mary. The bit of sweetness from the watermelon with a bit of salt makes it much more palatable to those who do not particularly enjoy tomato juice. And if you haven't already, go ahead and click on the subscribe and bell icon so you'll be notified every time we release a new video. And without any further ado, let's make a watermelon Bloody Mary. To build the watermelon Bloody Mary, we'll start with three dashes of the hot sauce of your choice. I am a big fan of top teal, but pick whichever one you like. You can always add more if you're a super spice fan. You can go with something like the last dab from hot ones though. I think that would be a little over the top. Next we're going to go with six ounces of fresh watermelon juice, three ounces of tomato juice, two ounces of vodka, half a teaspoon of Worcestershire sauce, a quarter teaspoon of sea salt, in this case kosher salt, and last but not least, an eighth of a teaspoon of celery seeds. Cap that off into a shaker tin with no ice, and we're just going to give this a dry shake. Oftentimes folks will build their Bloody Mary in a glass and just give it a light stir. You can do that, but I find it doesn't integrate the flavors nearly as well as just giving it a quick shake without ice. Pour our dry shake into the glass of your choice and garnish with a wedge of watermelon. And there you have the watermelon Bloody Mary. The main difference you get with this is the watermelon really cuts into the overly tomato savoriness of a traditional Bloody Mary. Now, again, if you're in that camp that doesn't particularly enjoy that, this is a great alternative. Or you can always stick with the original or go all watermelon, but then it's not really a Bloody Mary anymore. So maybe just add a dash of tomato juice. Play around with it and let us know what you think. Cheers from Drinks Made Easy.


So Indian Wells has come out. We've got the men's draw for Indian Wells and it's kind of interesting. Of course, we don't have some of the big names playing. We'll go through withdrawals in a second, but there are some potential second, third round matchups that are very, very interesting and very tough for some of the big names. But let's go through the withdrawal list because there are some massive names that are not playing this event. So along withdrawal list for Indian Wells, you can see there we've got Bonzi. He's pulled out. Brooksby also pulled out. Chilich, Djokovic, of course, didn't get approved to come into the country. So he's out. Edmunds also out. Goffan, Kota, Kwon, Kirios, all out. Mute, Nadal, of course, out with injury, and Opelka is also out. So there's so many players that are out with injury or out because of Djokovic not being able to get into the country. Some huge, huge names out of this draw.  All right, here it is, the top section of the draw. We've got 32 seeds in this one and the top 32 seeds get a buy in the first round. So everybody gets a buy in the first round if they're seeded. Elkres, the number one seed into the second round. He'll take on either a qualifier or the wild card Holt in the second round. Then he got Monteiro taken on Pella. Winner of that match takes on the number 31 seed Grigsbor in the second round. Grigsbor versus Elkres third round. Very fun. Grigsbor's in form. Evans, 24th seed. He's going to either take on a qualifier or draper in the second round and all battle the Brits in that second round potentially. Then he got Etravery taking on Murray. Very fun match. Winner of that takes on Krinyo Buster, the 15th seed. So that section's interesting because you've got Murray, obviously really dangerous as an unseeded player. Nobody wants to play Murray ever. Elkres, Grigsbor, fun third round, two informed players. I mean, there are three names that I think get out of this section. One of those names, Krinyo Buster also underrated. I don't think anyone, you know, shouldn't it maybe not count him out because he can go on a run every now and again. Then we've got Herkash, number nine seed taken on a qualifier in the second round because we've got two qualies going at it. Then you've got Mori versus Hallis, winner of that plays Paul, the 17th seed, who's coming off the Acapulco final last week. So watch out for that. Potentially Paul Herkash's third round. Very fun. Then you've got Serendolo, the number 27 seed. He'll take on either Borre or Sock in the second round. Then you've got Martínez versus Huzla, winner of that takes on the eighth seed, Oje Eliasim. So FAA, fourth round onwards is tough, but he would probably like his chances of getting to the fourth round. Serendolo, he should beat him on hard courts. You know, if he gets that Paul Herkash is awesome. Winner plays FAA. And of course, this section of the draw will take on Elkraz or Gricksport or Mori if you want to go a little bit more out there in the quarterfinal. So this section's a little bit wide open. It could be one of the big names. It could be one of the lower seeds. It could be someone unseeded. So we'll keep an eye on this section, but you've got to like Elkraz and FAA based on 2023 form. All right, next section of the draw now you've got Fritz, number four seed. He gets by in the first round. He'll take in on either Sheldon or Fanini. Very fun first round. Second round potentially against Sheldon. Of course, Sheldon's had a good year playing at this round. Open very, very strong there. That could be fun for the defending champion to have to play against someone, you know, in his, from his same country. It's going to be interesting. Then you've got Ema versus Qualifier taking on the winner takes on the number 30th seed, Baez. Chorich number 18 seed. He awaits the winner of Molchan or Rammus Vanolis in the second round. Then you've got Wolf versus Fuchovich. Winner of that plays the Acapulco champion, Diminol, the number 16 seed.  Ema's played well lately. So that's an interesting section. You think Fritz likes his chances. Maybe Fritz, Chorich fourth round.  That's interesting, an interesting section. Next part of the draw, you've got Sina, the number 11 seed. He'll take on either a Qualifier or Gascay in the second round. Then you've got team taken on Manorino. Winner of that takes on either, it takes on Moussedi, the number 19 seed in the second round. 26 seed, Ketchmenovich. He'll take on either Vavrenko or a Qualifier in the second round. Then you've got McDonald versus Kranovich. Winner of that plays the number seven seed, Runa in the second round. This section is interesting because Sina and Runa stand out, but you've got to watch out for team Gascay, Vavrenko, McDonald. Those unseated players are very scary. McDonald will obviously be Rafa this year. Team is a former champion. Vavrenko is a former Grand Slam champion. And Gascay is, he has played well this year, Gascay at times. He's had some tough draws, but he's also put up some good fights. But you would think that Sina versus Runa would be the fourth round. And of course, this section of the draw will take on either Chorich or Fritz or Dimon or potentially in the quarterfinals. And then of course, Elkres in the semis potentially. So look, this section of the draw, you wouldn't be surprised if you saw Chorich versus Runa or Fritz versus Sina, right? But again, maybe we'll throw some surprises. Let's go the bottom half of the draw now. And this is where things are starting to heat up. So we've got Mehvedev, the number five seed by in the first round. He'll take on the Isna or Nakashima in the second round. Isna versus Mehvedev second round. That's fun. Vashko takes on Cefiulin. Winner of that plays the number 28 seed, Van Zanshel in the second round. Then he got the 22nd seed, Batistra Agu taking on either Roussevorea-Lestean in the second round. Then he got Kashin versus Basilash Vili. Winner of that plays the number 12 seed, Zverev in the second round. Now, Zverev, Mehvedev, fourth round's fun. But of course, Zverev isn't the same guy he was. Even if he played well in Dubai, he still isn't quite there yet, Zverev.  I don't think that's a very good round. That's not a good matchup on these kind of chords, where they're a little bit slower. Of course, also Isna second round is never fun for Mehvedev potentially. So look, you'd think there's only a handful of names I think can make it through. Basilash really also made the final here a couple years ago, maybe him worth him watching out for as well. But yeah, Mehvedev, you know, manageable draw, but not easy. Then you got Hashin of the 13th seed. He'll take on either Jera or Oda in the second round. Wu versus Munar. Winner of that takes on either, takes on Fakina in the second round, the 23rd seed. Then you got the 29th seed, Nishioka. He takes on either Galen or a qualifier in the second round. Then you got Schwartzman-Korio, winner of that plays the number three seed, Kasparud. Now this section is the most open set. Hashinov was in form. And then last week, he lost first round. Rude, he's been all over the place. Nishioka, who knows, Fakina, he can be solid, but he also can be random. So that's, I feel like this section of the draw, where we might get someone unexpected. Wu's been in good form and Schwartzman is a, is a great player, but not lately. Hasn't been great lately. So yeah, so this section, I mean, maybe Hashinov, and of course this section takes on the Mehvedev section. So Mehvedev, Rude, if we're going off seeds, Mehvedev, Hashinov, be going off maybe 2022 form, I'm sorry, 2023 form. But again, this could be, this could be random. This section might be the, the random section. Maybe Fakina comes through. I don't know. All right, now let's get in the bottom section because this part of the draw is where things get really crazy. Rubelev, the number six seed gets a buy in the first round. He'll take on either Lehechka or Rindanish in the second round. Lehechka's been in great form all year. Rubelev or Lehechka, that's insane. Then you've got Morales versus Umber, winner of that takes on Shapovalov. Shapo can turn it on. Very tough for Rubelev. Shapo, Rubelev third round potentially. Then you've got Baratini. He'll take on either a qualifier or Bayana in the second round. Then you've got Bublik taking on a qualifier. Winner of that takes on the number 10 seed. Nori in the second round. Nori Baratini, Rubelev Shapo, winners play each other. If that's, if Lehechka doesn't do something crazy, so that section is, that part of the draw is insane. I mean, I wouldn't be surprised if anybody gets out of that section. Umber can even turn it on at times.  Rubelev nightmare, nightmare section.   Bottom section of the draw, you've got Tiafo. He'll take on either Giron or, uh, I can't even read that name. Is it Kovac? Kovac? Kovac? Kovac? Kovac? Comment down below if I got that right. And then you've got Kubla taking on Senego, winner of that plays Demetrop. So Demetrop versus Tiafo, potentially in the third round. That's a fun matchup. Tiafo loves playing at home in America. He'll have a lot of fun playing against Dimmy. Then you've got Kressy taking on a qualifier in the second round, because there's two qualies going at it. And then you also got, uh, so he will await the winner of a quali. Thompson takes on Monfice, winner plays Siddi-Pass the second seed. Monfice Siddi-Pass is not fun. That's about as fun as Lehechka versus Rubelev, if you're Rubelev or Siddi-Pass. It's a nightmare. Uh, Kressy in the third round. Kressy's been in good form too lately. Uh, took out Runa a few weeks ago. Siddi-Pass is going to have a nightmare against him. Tiafo with the crowd. Demetrop, Siddi-Pass. I mean, look, this section, the whole section, including the Rubelev section, this whole half of the draw, a quarter of the draw is a nightmare. Anyone could come out of it. Anybody.  It could be Baratini versus Tiafo. It could be Shapo versus Demetrop. It could be, uh, Lehechka taken on Monfice. You know, it could be anyone. It, it, I feel like this is the craziest section, um, and the hardest section by a long shot. But let me know down in the comments below. Let me know in the chat who's going to win the men's draw. I don't think it's straightforward. I mean, Medvedev's been in form, but he's never played well here. Siddi-Pass is probably liking his chances before the draw, but now the draw comes out. It's not fun. Rubelev's been in good form, but he has a tough draw as well. I mean, the guys who have been playing well either haven't played well here. I mean, Fritz, maybe Fritz or Elkiraz. I think, I think Fritz is probably a good pick because he has a decent draw and he's also made the semifinals or won it last year. So I think maybe Fritz, Elkiraz, if he's healthy, I mean, he's always going to be a threat at every event, but this is going to be a very interesting draw. I think I wouldn't be surprised if Indian Moles throws up a random champion again this year, but, uh, let me know who do you think is going to win it.