In contrast to its responsibilities under its advisory jurisdiction, the court settles disputes under its contentious jurisdiction. And in order to have jurisdiction to settle the dispute that has been submitted to it, the court must be satisfied that two fundamental conditions are met. First, the dispute must exist between subjects of international law that have access to the court that may appear before it. This is the issue of Locus standi, or Jurisdiction ratione personae. Second, if the parties to the dispute have access to the court and standing before it, the court will only have jurisdiction to settle their dispute if they have both consented to its jurisdiction. And this is the issue of Jurisdiction ratione materie. Both claimant and respondent must have accepted that the object of the dispute be submitted to the ICJ for adjudication through a binding decision. In other words, to become parties to a contentious case before the court, states must have access to it and they must also accept its jurisdiction. And let me turn first to the Jurisdiction ratione personae, the access to the court. As stated under article 93 of the UN Charter and article 35 of the ICJ Statute, the court is open to states. The contentious jurisdiction of the court does not extend to disputes between other subjects of international law and notably international organizations cannot be parties to disputes before the court. Neither does the court judge individuals, nor is it entitled to inquire about complaints lodged by individuals or groups of individuals or any other state entity, against states for instance. Furthermore, the disputing states must both be party to the statute of the court. Since the member states of the UN are ipso facto, as you know, parties to the statute, they all have locustandi before the court and they have access to it. Access is automatic for UN member states. States that are not members of the UN may become party to the statute, on conditions to be determined in each case by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council and this is article 92, paragraph 2 of the Charter. And this has been the case for Japan, Lichtenstein, San Marino, Switzerland and Noru before those states became members of the UN. If a state is neither a member of the UN nor a party to the ICJ statute, it may nevertheless have access to the court under conditions laid down in a resolution, resolution 9, adopted by the Security Council in October 1946, pursuant to article 35, paragraph 2 of the statute. Jurisdiction rationé personé is not a matter of consent by the disputing states but it is a statutory issue that the court may examine ex-officio even if none of the disputing parties have raised any objection in that regard. And furthermore, Jurisdiction rationé personé logically precedes the question of consent. It is only if states have access to the court that they may consent to the jurisdiction of the court. And this has been made clear by the court in several cases and notably in the judgement of February 2007 in the case concerning the application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, a case between Bosnia and Serbia. Finally, Jurisdiction rationé personé must, as a matter of principle, exist on the day the dispute is submitted to the court. And this is a general rule, Jurisdiction, be it rationé personé or matérie, Jurisdiction must normally be assessed on the day of the filing of the Act instituting proceedings. However, in the Croatia versus Serbia case, the court has exceptionally accepted that the Jurisdiction rationé personé condition be fulfilled at the time of the judgement. The court came to such conclusion on the basis of the particular circumstances of the case and the requirement of a sound administration of justice. In that case, Croatia filed an application against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in July 1999 for alleged breaches of the genocide convention. And at that time, in July 1999, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia pretended to continue the legal personality of the socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was a founding member state of the UN in 1945. And this continuity claim stood in sharp contrast with the situation of the other states that emerged from the dismantlement of the former Yugoslavia, which were all considered as new successor states. And as a result, the continuity claim by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was not accepted by the international community. And when elections took place in Serbia and when President Kostunica took over from President Milosevic, one of the first foreign policy decisions he took was to apply for UN membership. And the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia became a new member state of the UN on 1st November 2000. And this meant that the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had relinquished its continuity claim. And also, logically, its accession to the UN meant that prior to that date, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had not been a party to the ICJ statute. On the date Croatia had filed its case, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was not a party to the statute and could therefore not have been validly attracted then before the court as respondent in a case. In other words, the court was lacking jurisdiction rationer-personer on the day of the Croatian application. However, the court did not decline its jurisdiction. Well, why is this? Well, the court took note of the fact that on the day of its judgment in 2008, both Croatia and Serbia continued the personality of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia when Monti Negro became independent in 2006. Both states were no parties to the statute. In other words, the previously unmet condition governing the court's jurisdiction was subsequently satisfied. The court said that in such a situation, its jurisdiction rationer-personer had to be assessed with some flexibility. The court considered that declining jurisdiction in such a situation would be contrary to the interests of the sound administration of justice as it would compel Croatia to begin the proceedings anew. And therefore the court ruled that despite the fact that Serbia had no standing before it on the day the proceedings began, it retained its jurisdiction because on the day it ruled over it, the rationer-personer condition, which was previously unmet, was no fulfilled. In the Bosnia versus Serbia case, application of the Convention on Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, the court had found in 1986 that it had jurisdiction to hear the case. At that time, 1996, the court did not examine its jurisdiction rationer-personer. And that judgment on jurisdiction was resjudicata. Which was definitive and could not be overturned later, except by way of revision, which is a specific procedure that we shall turn to later in the court. In the court. But the court declined in 2003 to revise its jurisdiction judgment of 1996. But when the case came to the merits in 2007, Serbia claimed again that the proceedings were not properly instituted, because it was clear then that it was not a UN member state when Bosnia filed its application in 1993. However, the court rejected such claim and the reason for this was that its jurisdiction had been retained under the 1996 judgment and that such judgment was final on the matter. The court could not depart from a judgment having the force of resjudicata. Those two cases should also be discussed in light of other cases brought this time by Serbia against 10 member states of NATO for the aerial bombing during the war in Kosovo. In those cases, the court declined jurisdiction in 2004 for the reason that the proceedings were instituted by a state that was not party to the ICJ statute at the time of the applications. And of course, it might be difficult to reconcile those different cases and their respective outcomes might be seen as result-oriented. But because of the introductory character of this course, I shall stop here on the issue of jurisdiction ratione persone, which can also be an issue in arbitration, notably investment arbitration if the claimant is not an investor within the meaning of the bilateral investment treaty, or the other instrument under which the investment tribunal is established. Jurisdiction ratione persone has only been a problem in the case law of the court on very rare occasions and because the vast majority of states are no members of the UN, it is not very likely to be a problem in the future. However, the same cannot be said about jurisdiction ratione materie, which is the issue addressed in the next video.


Hello and welcome to the CMC markets chart of the week video with myself David Madden marketing analyst here at CMC markets And today's date is Wednesday the 31st of January 2018 and the time has just gone 315 p.m. UK time and this week's chart of the week is going to be Bart development the British homebuilder and Take a look at the chart here over a longer term view We can see after a major sell-off that happened on the back of the EU referendum vote in June 2016 The stock has managed to make a remarkable recovery and it's been largely pushing higher since the EU referendum vote in June of 2016 So so all trot 2017 to the latter half of 2017 the stock was in a solid upper trend Creating a series of higher highs and higher lows It hit a fresh old new all-time high in October 2016 But as we can see here if you zoom in on the chart just after it reached a new all-time high of just Just north or seven pounds per share the share price then managed to gap lower And whenever you have a gap on the on the candlestick chart that is the indicate that the gap tells you a gap to the downside is a negative Indicator and a gap to the upside is a positive indicator. So the gap tells you direction which sentiment is going Now one of the myths about gaps is that they are always filled They're not always filled but they are often filled So as yet we've yet to fill that gap which we'll come on to in a moment's time So after creating an all-time high the stock gap lower Which tells it that that the sentiment has now turned negative the share if I price then drifted lower here In November creating a low not seen for a couple of months the market The market then bounced off of the 200 day moving average and began to push higher here on until early 2018 of January of this year But as you can see how here the high in January failed to take out the recent high that was created in November and I didn't it didn't get anywhere near a chance to actually fill the gap that was created back in October So what we have here is after a series of higher highs and higher lows a classic upward trend We're not beginning to see what could be the beginning of a series of lower lows and lower highs and now that the market Just this as of today managed to have the sight of move south of the two-day moving average for the first time in a number of months Not only of that we've managed to take out the recent low that was created in November So we now have not only do we have a high a lower high We also have a lower low So this is a sign the market could be turning over on itself and this isn't just common with across this isn't Happening in bar developments. It's happening across a couple of other British home better as well Which which which are at or near or below their 200 day moving average So the sector as a whole is coming under a bit of pressure and it would appear that bar development is the weakest of the bunch for now So where do we go from here as the market is pushing to the downside? We can see there's been an increased step up in in negative momentum So the pressure and the momentum for the time being is with the bears So if you do manage to continue to push lower from here, we could look at actually turret We could look at finding support at five pounds seventy seven Which was the September low and if you have head south of five pounds seventy seven We could be looking back down towards a five pounds fifty six and move south of five pounds fifty six It could even take us back to five pounds twenty three and also five pounds twenty three was high in January 2017 we also saw some consolidation in both February and March 2017 in around the five pounds twenty three region The user potential price targets to the downside should the negative move continue Now if we do see at the market turn around areas to keep an eye out for potential resistance on the upside The first hurdle the share price meeting overcome will be the two or two moving average Which comes into play at five five six pounds and 13 cents And if you move north of that next potential area for resistance could be six pounds 31 Where the which coincides with the 100 a moving average and notice how this line here the one or two moving average actor support And the market was moving to the downside in January 2018 We also saw that I could saw that we also saw a lot of price actually in around the one or two moving average in Both December 2017 and also in November as well We really would need to take out the January high of six pounds sixty one To then to be given a sign that the negative trend we've seen in the last few months is coming to an end So if you take out six pounds sixty one We could be looking to filling this gap here and that gap is filled north of that next big level to watch Off or to the upside will be the recent all-time high of our just north of seven pounds per share Well, that's all for me this week. Thank you very much


Hello and welcome back to the craft box my name is springton today We are back on the death wizard to do another video on this time We are going to be going into the level 25 dungeon, which is Kimberlung village. I think that's how you pronounce it, but yeah, let's start by talking to sergeant major tool whip Wizard I've an issue that requires immediate attention and I can think of no one better suited for the matter than you The Queen commissioned an expeditionary force led by esteemed attache Lord George Beagle to make a diplomatic tour of the spiral The last letter we received stated the expedition chartered a trade ship to bring them here after a stop in Kimberlung near distant Mushu The trade ship arrived on schedule, but Beagle and his team weren't aboard I fear something may have happened to them our hands are full here and I can't spare a single soul Can you go to Kimberlung to search for Beagle and his expeditionary force? Okay? So yeah, if you don't know between episodes, I mean last episode quote-unquote episode of the walkthrough We managed to get up to this point here Which is The level 25 dungeon Yeah, so where are we going? We are going to you And this dungeon was added with the same update that added Darkmoor and that sort of stuff. I'm like November of 2015. Yeah, I think 2015. Yeah, it must be What do you want to take you to Kimberlung? Do I look like a spiral cruise line? I run a trade operation kid, but I've got a buyer waiting for the Crocatopian week I was supposed to receive in exchange for bringing some big shot Marlaboni in here, but the big shot stood me up in Kimberlung now. I'm out that wheat I'm you get me Crocatopian wheat and I'll get you certainly don't see any fields around here Perhaps Sergeant Major Talibot knows where you can find some Crocatopian wheat Yeah Let's talk to Sergeant Major. No offense, but I was hoping not to see you again so soon Is there a problem? The ship's captain is demanding Crocatopian wheat Hmm, I'm no expert in desert agriculture, but I know someone who is go speak with Charlie The Oasis is resident green thumb about Crocatopian wheat Okay, Charlie Wizard is there a plant problem? I can prune for you Sergeant Major Talibot sent you to ask me about Crocatopian Well, I just so happened to have packed up these crates of Crocatopian wheat for some important Marlaboni and diplomat But he never came to claim them. I'd sure hate for the wheat to rot You should take them no charge. I hope they help Okay So yeah, that was easy peasy Sergeant Major Yep any luck Charlie gave you the Crocatopian wheat smashing Now then go to Captain Woku and charter passage to the Himalayan village of Kimbuk When you get there search for the expeditionary forces base cap with luck you'll find clues to their whereabouts Yep, okay Obviously, I'm not gonna do this alone because I am only level 25 So I have enlisted some help Your back are those crates of Crocatopian wheat or is that your luggage? Very good. Very good. Consider your passage book kid You may board my ship the haggling dragon. Enjoy your cruise So, yeah, I have enlisted a help of and as a friend I'd say except it's just me because I'm a loner. I have no friends. Yep, that's me And you'll find out who that is soon you there travel come quickly. I need help my team needs help, please You're no mountain explorer. Are you what a wizard Sergeant Major Talibot sent you I knew someone would come looking for us I'm shepherd first lieutenant expeditionary force under the command of Royal Attache Lord George Beagle But my entire team has been taken hostage. I barely escaped with my life I sure hope you've a hardy enough spell deck to help We were on a diplomatic mission to Mushu but were denied audience with the Emperor They said he was napping and couldn't be bothered So Lord Beagle decided to chase a rumor. He'd heard The fabled paradise of Shangri-Bah and we were blind in close to We were treating with the venerable Dalai Lama in the pagoda of harmony when a devious band of hoof ninjas appeared Then the strangest thing happened their leader played an eerie song that somehow bewitched the monks they turned on us The frightful bore ordered us to be taken hostage, but I managed to escape in the confusion What could he want with hostages? There's no way I'm going back Please you must rescue the expeditionary force from the pagoda of harmony Okay, yep. Yep, James makes return if you've seen the other things the other videos I've posted And doing like dungeons and stuff. Well, yeah I've I have a very small deck For this obviously still using that starter deck gonna gotta use it for as long as possible. I don't know why but I am I Put in some blades and some sacrifices just because and yeah Unenlightened one you walk headlong into the storm to rescue the lost pups. No that is brave and foolish I admire your bravery, but one does not simply walk into the pagoda of harmony You must master its song if you wish to sustain Each floor is a musical movement and the monks who study there the notes But an evil force has come and soured those notes bound to this discordant melody The monks are now off their normal rhythms But they can be retuned and the pups can't still be saved as I have attained harmony I was not corrupted by the evil noise I can aid you now, but my vows forbid me from fighting shall we begin? Okay, we shall begin We listen with more than just our ears a spirit must not only be able but willing to stay upon the path of harmony Okay Let us do this then The music the music how much yeah, that should be fine So basically my strategy for this is to blade and kill and one shot with tempest. So I mean pretty pretty simple It should be enough most times and I'm not trying to make this terribly long. I'll probably cut out a lot of these battles just because it's gonna be quite long Only just kills well, okay. They're dying in a mission so long It's annoying.  I don't like this guy Okay, let's hit on up Harmony is achieved only through focus one goes only so far along the path as their mind will allow them to go Okay, let's go into battle number two Not too bad Boop boop boop These guys have a less self which is good Okay And a hit there we go boop and did thank you Okay, there we go die already Mines were too weak to withstand the malevolent timbre of tonkatsu singing bowls Thank you for correcting our pitch good work young wizard now meditate at the shrine of the mind and Contemplate all that it teaches You close your eyes and open your mind to the shrine suddenly your thoughts become clear Ordered and acute you believe that you are ready to continue your journey good Okay, let's hit on this place Got some dialogue here.  Let's go There we go. Let's do this. Why are you over there? Oh, yeah, you should summon things, don't you? Yeah Why can't things be easy? geez I mean, they're gonna be converted to storm Boop, okay I don't actually know these cheats much because I don't do this much Is it this round that if someone's at all next? I don't know I think it will be this round. Um, we're gonna pass No, it's not this round which is good Must be next round. Oh, there we go. This is kill Dude, there we go Apologies wizard and to you as Dean Dali Lomba Donkatsu's vile song sent fury to my fists, but I am in control now You have endured much wizard meditate before the shrine of the body and let its message strengthen you As you meditate your aches and pains vanish in a heartbeat and the very fibers of your being feel bolstered and energized Well done wizard. You have learned the song that will help pave your path Just do not forget how to carry the tune. Yes. Yes. We're all ready to whistle rule malibonia, but the show's not over yet That rock is tonkatsu and his hoof ninjas ran off with lord beagle and I caught mention of an evil asura Whatever that is It is as I feared donkatsu has found a vessel for hamakala. He must be stopped But first let us help these battered pups to the base camp Okay, um, let's Head back to base camp then There we go, um, so yeah next area there's two areas of this place um the first is the This one where am I meant to be going? Go to base camp Well, I'm in base camp you rescued the team, but where's lord beagle The ninjas took lord beagle to be a vessel for an evil. What?  I believe master tonkatsu aims to release hamakala spirit into the body Beagle's political status would grant them audience with every ruling party of the spiral They could topple them all from the inside precisely wizard You have learned the secrets of the pagoda of harmony. The next leg of your journey begins now following Okay, um So yeah, this is the second part and then we're done, which is good. It's not too hard. Um, we climb up this little rope And we talk to dalai lama before us lies the entrance to the hollow mountain It is the sacred final pathway to shangrabah Only the harmonious may enter just before the entrance to paradise lies the temple of discord But it is no mere temple. It is hamakala's tomb by playing to his vanity A brave band of monks managed to snare hamakala inside a statue of himself using a powerful harmony trap It cost the monks their lives But their spell has kept hamakala prisoner for a thousand years as a batashiva I am not allowed to enter the hollow mountain before my time. This journey is yours Alone a time will come when you see we are all one Harmony flows within you and without you. Just remember all that you have learned You're about to enter a done. Okay. Um, let's head in this one. Um, this one is Probably about the same difficulty as the last one. It's just longer. So yeah Um first is woolly bullies Um, I remember doing this um way back Um, these guys stunned they're a bit annoying. Um, let's bring back some memories. Actually, I kind of like this dungeon. It's just Yeah I used to farm this a lot when I was like low level on my My characters Kind of embarrassing, but yeah, I did Um, yeah, let's hope this kills I think it does I think it does and if I crit it will definitely kill boop Nope, no crit, but we should still kill her really Yep, we're still killed. Yay. Okay perfect easy peasy first one Oh an emulate pretty should emulate precision. That's not too good Um, let us destroy these barricades They woolly just a wizard. Wait, it's a wizard. Huh? Okay, next one these guys are death. So if you're doing this alone as a death, I would highly recommend you not I mean at level 25. This is kind of hard. Uh Yeah, always have a stronger wizard as much as my tip for the day Yup boop boop boop Boop boop boop. There we go and tempest amazing Boop 1306 cool There we go I don't care We're about to level up again, which is cool. Um level 26, I think it is which is good Um, yeah, this gives us quite a lot of juicy xp Yep, this is the only annoying bit. This is like going down the I hate this thing It's really annoying none, but the harmonious shall pass Use the prayer wheels to prove you have learned the movements of the pagoda of harmony as with any song The order of the movements matter start with the leftmost prayer wheel working your way to the right If you were truly observant, the final chorus will be obvious If not, you will suffer one last lesson at my hands Okay, um, so for those who don't know the order um circle Square is it no circle star square infinity and then Not quite infinity that one. Then we press the brazier and I hope it's right while tuning the spirit mind and body is essential One must still choose to walk the ultimate path of harmony You have orchestrated the test beautifully. You may enter the temple of discord, but do so with caution You will not be alone Okay On your guard ready the defenses master tonkatsu must not be disturbed show the wizard no mercy Okie dokie. Don't show me mercy dan. That's fine That'd be fine fam Fam be no We haven't heard enough of the soundtrack I keep killing too quickly. I mean that's not my fault Oh life shields miss shields. Whoo cheeky You know these guys actually kind of play smart. They put up um dual shields. So be careful Be very very careful Especially if you're any of those Schools just know that they can do that and it's kind of annoying the woolly bullies can um That's embarrassing. I mean at least we get to hear more of the soundtrack um, the woolly bullies can Stun and these guys can Shield quite badly So yeah, not just a life. So yeah, it's basically what happens And that was embarrassing, but at least we should definitely kill now Oh and a crit Didn't really need that crit, but okay. That's fine 3316 And 3316 Okay, next battle we are bested scared to run quickly before master tonkatsu brings hammer collar down upon us I literally got nothing. That's so embarrassing The great hammer collar will surely grant me a powerful governorship for dealing with you Don't feel the need to die quietly Okay, um, he's kind of stronger this guy Obviously he's a morse. Um, how much health do you have? You have Kind of stronger Um, he's not that much stronger. I can think I can kill. Yeah, I do like 1300. I think So that's fine I highly suggest running the stun gun with our high level.  He did a storm shield. That's embarrassing. Just as well. I have another I should have packed reshuffles. I don't even think my Storm knows reshuffle. Oh, well, that's fine Um, yeah He can kill next round anyway. It's fine. I just played him head again He's got some pierce. He's got some pierce. So it'll be fine 61. Yeah It's quite a lot 510. Oh my god. Oh my god Um, let's blade twice then Just because we can I mean, there's no real problem with it They also use converts, which is really strange I don't know why they do but they do so, yeah See, um, interesting. We fact again brings fact of the day part two Uh, boop boop Boop and Pass boop Oh link. Okay Boop 11 And 15. Cool. Not too much damage at all 29, haha This time he will kill. He even crit. Amazing Boop. Okay, sweet.  It's kind of rude actually We will use that because I think that's a cool idea Um, yeah, that should be fine. Sorry. Just adding spells to the deck of my storm Just because I know kind of what this next bit is All storm basically Here my son of discord I have brought you a living vessel so that you may take your rightful place as ruler of the mortal world On a mountain of skulls in a castle of pain I sat on a throne of blood. What was will be what it was the season of Disharmony Oh bother, excuse me. I really have the time for this I'm terribly late for the appointment and crack it. Oh, hello there. Say young wizard. You look the helpful salt Mine giving me a hand here.  So we may finish the song of discord Okay, um, let's go. Hopefully we don't die. I remember when we were doing it for road 200. We died um a few times Um, so yeah, let's hope we're not die. Um, we'll do that No and charm that we will put up this Hopefully he doesn't shield straight off the bat These bowls are kind of annoying. He shielded. That's fine though. Okay. These these bowls are kind of annoying Um, but I mean there's nothing we can really do about that. So that's fine boop boop boop boop Unfortunately, he may not die, but that's fine Yeah, every round he does that and it's 100 Yeah, 100 um balance damage It's a death spell, but it's 100 balance damage, which is really weird. So just be weary of that Um, I'm gonna play it again and then we can probably hit we're using storm lord this time because storm lord's cool He Oh, look at that that those accuracy debuffs is what I think killed us last time Just because it was so bad. He's got a towel shield as well.  Jeez Oh, well, we can do it. We can turn it for this one 277 not too bad. Okay. Don't fizzle. Thank you King of fizzling didn't actually fizzle. What a surprise Okay, five that's good. We can resist a bit Um, I can heal so that's always good Um, I can't do that. He's only got 2,900 I mean technically if I crit I can kill So I mean I might as well do it just to get as many of them out as possible Oh, now he's got pips. Yay.  How smart are you? Very smart. Yay Okay faint that's cool. Just give me more damage. It's fine um, I mean sure Actually, that's probably bad because James doesn't actually resist as much Tim the fizzy does to storm. So that was actually kind of a smart idea. I didn't crit Which is annoying so I don't think the Storm bowl will be dead, but the others will be The boss will be dead as well. I mean we can always hope He probably won't be dead. That was a lot of shields Yeah, he's six seven eight. That's fine. We can hit with a thing in the bog At least the boss is dead. That's always good. That means no more cheating So yeah, we will do that and we will pass I mean, he can't really do anything to us because he doesn't attack So I'm not worried. We just have to wait until We have enough pips for storm ward. I was thinking about bringing um I was thinking about bringing um Another tempest instead of storm ward, but I'm like no I kind of overestimated how good the boss actually was Um, and I mean I've done that a lot before there we go. That's fine perfect I mean all he does is like nothing. So it's fine.  You're fine Let's just see others that like really annoyed The others are just annoying. They just spam random traps and blades and shields. It's Meh, but as soon as you got the boss out, you're fine. There we go. Bye The song of discord has been bested by the dreadful wailing of harmony But hamakala and the hoof will not sit quieted for long I say that was quite the overture. Wasn't it? What do you say you and I make haste for a less hostile venue? I got a ninja pickle on my storm. That's cool Um, and we also leveled up. So we are now level 26 again. There's a bug with us Um, which is not cool, but there's a bug with that. So yeah, we can get a new spell Um, I don't actually know what it is, but I'll probably get that in me Lord Beagle is that you? Well, it's not Sherlock bones. Yes, it's me in the firm All thanks to our with no time to celebrate though. We have to get a move on We've a trade ship to crocotopia to catch. Oh, I hope it hasn't left yet Okay, thank you for watching remember to like and subscribe and if you're very subscribed I press a little bell so you know exactly when another video is posted I'm go follow us on twitter links in the description below and remember craft outside the box


Megan Fox has been blowing up the news recently, and it's not just because of her sexy red lace hip-count at the Met Gala, even though it was a head-turner. She and her new pal Courtney Kardashian post-topolis for a racy skims photo shoot, and it fired up the internet even more. But that's nothing new for the Transformers actress. Megan has always been a paparazzi favorite. And why wouldn't she be? She's hot, fierce, and completely unapologetic for being herself. Hey guys, it's Cara the Vampire Slayer. This series is titled Before and After, and today we're checking out the transformation of Megan Fox from teen idol to fashion icon sex symbol and more. If you liked this video, be sure to check out our recent drop on Courtney Kardashian too. Don't forget to like, subscribe, and follow me on Instagram to chat. Now let's get into this video. At the time Megan made her big break in Disney's Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen, she had to struggle to find her place in Hollywood. The media has always portrayed Megan as a sex icon. The Jennifer's body star is very self-aware about her image in Hollywood and has spoken out against it often. She is fought against people defining her by her looks and relationships. Unwilling to sacrifice her true self to the world, Megan worked on herself and created a character for her public image. Megan Fox was raised in a rural town in Tennessee called Rockwood. From the time she was a kid, she wanted to be an actress. And when she was 15 years old, Megan appeared in the 2003 film Bad Boys 2 as an extra. From then on, she had multiple small roles in several movies and TV shows including one of my fav Mary-Kate and Ashley movies from way back in the day, Holiday in the Sun. But her big break came when she starred alongside Lindsay Lohan in Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen. Megan portrayed the role of a mean girl in the movie, a role that became her bread and butter over the years. Later came the movie Transformers in 2007 in which Megan starred as McKayla Baines. She became a household name, but unfortunately for Megan, her fame was not what she had imagined it to be. At the age of nearly 21, she was portrayed in the media as the world's hottest sex symbol. Her next movie, Jennifer's Body, well that only reinforced this image. Although it took a while, it seems that these days Megan doesn't worry too much what others think. She has decided to stop fighting and focus on things that make her happy, even embracing her public image. Now, let's get into something I'm sure you all want to know. Did Megan go under the knife? Although Megan Fox doesn't admit to having had any plastic surgery on her face or body, the internet seems to believe otherwise. And I mean you can't deny her looks have definitely changed over the years. If she hasn't had any major plastic surgery at the very least, I would say certainly a few tweaks here and there. A quick tour down memory lane is evidence enough that Megan's underwent a drastic change in her appearance since her start in Hollywood. So far, she's been accused of getting a nose job, lip fillers, a facelift, a boob job, as well as Botox, which then prompted Megan to retaliate with a string of pictures on Facebook denying Botox rumors. However, the internet to this day remains unconvinced and even in those photos, it doesn't prove much because Botox wears off after a few months or so they say. Some fans also believe Megan got cheek fillers to give her face some contour and I can see that when we compare photos from then and now. Aside from that possibility, it doesn't really look like she's gotten anything invasive such as a facelift. Before Megan became a huge star, she had a slight hump on her nose bridge as we can see in before photos. The tip of her nose was also wider with a bit of a dent but it was a perfectly pretty nose just apparently not good enough for the movie star. By 2008, that dent in Megan's nose seemingly disappeared. The size and shape of her nose also became narrower with a more refined and smooth tip. When you check out Megan in her 2007 Transformer rule, the small dent is still visible and looking at then and now the change is subtle but it's still there. Now how about Megan's lips?  These days, that's not the case. Her upper lip also looked thinner than her lower lip but these days they're evenly plump. However, when it comes to plastic surgery in general, Megan is not against it. She says, I would encourage anyone who wants plastic surgery to first speak with a therapist to try and figure out where this want comes from. If then you feel this is something that you want to do, then do it. It's amazing that we have the technology to do the stuff that we do. Now that's something you don't always hear popular actors speaking about. In 2009, Megan also spoke about her insecurities to Rolling Stone. I'm really insecure about everything, I see what I look like but there are things that I like and things that I dislike. My hair is good, the color of my eyes is good obviously, I'm too short, but overall I'm not super excited about the whole thing. Well I never would have guessed that but according to Megan, she experienced a genuine psychological breakdown after being hyper-sexualized while on the road to fame and success. However, Megan believes motherhood changed her life for the better. Of all the roles that she's had in the past, the one role that Megan Fox continues to love to this day is that of being a mother. Megan has three children with her ex-husband, Brian Austin Greene. While a lot of people fear losing their careers after having children, Megan loved every minute of being pregnant. She told Entertainment Tonight in 2019, I think it took getting pregnant. That was the first real breakthrough where my consciousness shifted and my mind opened up. I was able to see from a bird's eye view and breathe and take it in and then another kid and then another kid and with every kid I feel like that's always been the doorway into a better version of myself. And much more recently there are two pop punk style icons in town and they're none other than Megan and her man Machine Gun Kelly. From color coordinated ensembles and matching manicures to racy silhouettes and a red carpet PDA, Megan and MGK have established quite the iconic couple style. Speaking with E! News after Maschino's show at New York Fashion Week, Megan said they both influence and inspire each other's looks. He obviously is really flamboyant with his style.  While Fox certainly has her own taste, she's definitely admitted that Kelly likes to take the lead when it comes to their date night outfits. And asked about how she picks out her look for a night out on the town, she told the New York Post.  Complimentary white and Barbie pink get-ups, matching leather trench coats or taking Sultry to a whole new level at MTV Video Music Awards, we're surely looking forward to what the couple has to offer us next. I mean her face is one thing but look at that hot bod, care to know how she got that going? Well, she credits it to her five-factor diet and workouts. According to this, Megan eats five small meals per day and has one day per week in which she eats, well, whatever she wants. Avoiding processed foods, consuming her carbohydrates from fruits and vegetables and never skipping breakfast are the main pillars of her diet. And similar to her diet, Megan does a five-factor workout according to her trainer Harley Pasternak. He said, There are five phases, a minimum five-minute cardio warm-up, a lower body sculpting exercise, an upper body toning exercise, then an abdominal sculpting exercise and finally a five-minute cool-down. Keep it up Megan because that's definitely inspiring. So what are your thoughts on Megan's overall transition from simply a sex symbol to the fashion icon she is right now? Be sure to drop me a comment down below about your favorite Megan look. I for one can't choose, I've always been a fan and loved all her looks from when she started Jennifer's body to her hot red carpet outfit she's recently been rocking. It's undeniable that she's a babe. Don't forget to tell me who else we should do a before and after video on. Follow me on Instagram to chat and I will see you all in the next video. Bye!


Hello friends and how are you all doing today? The question says, find the slope of the tangent to curve y is equal to x cube minus x plus 1 at the point whose x coordinate is 2. So we are given the equation of the curve y as x cube minus x plus 1. We need to find out the slope of this tangent. So we need to differentiate y with respect to x. And on doing so we get dy by dx equal to 3x square minus 1. Right? And we need to find the slope when x coordinate is 2. So we have dy by dx at x is equal to 2 equal to 3 to the whole square minus 1 which is equal to 3 into 4 minus 1 which is 12 minus 1 and the difference we have is 11. So the required slope for this question is 11. Take care of your calculations and hope you enjoyed it.