They all progressives Congress and Biosauce State has said that the state is in comatose and in their need of salvation and hence residents cannot wait for the next governorship election to vote how the PDP chairman of the APC, Dr. Dennis Utiutiu says despite being an oil-rich state Biosauce are languishing in poverty a situation he describes as worrisome a correspondent just say completes the report Dennis Utiutiu is one of those who have constantly criticized the leadership style of the current PDP government in Biosauce State while residents are mindful of deliverables coming to the state from the federal government they are not unaware of what is expected of the state government the APC believes the state needs to be rescued the PDP government in Biosauce State has succeeded in bringing poverty from that development of the people of Biosauce State. Doidiri who calls himself a miracle governor was not prepared to govern Biosauce State and that's why you can see the aphazard manner in which the state has been governed there is no plan there is no policy there is no a strategy in developing the state and so the people are tired and if you go to the market if you go to the park you you go to public places you see people openly voicing it I believe that they are going to express that in the forthcoming election to show to the people that they are tired of PDP. He says what is accruing to the state is not a power with developmental projects on ground. People celebrate mediocrity in Biosauce State. When somebody cadets people to flag off a project we celebrate it. You can see that the Asiguru road has been there for over 10 years. Dixing started dualization of the road and then he left it Diri inherited it and we are still there they're still dualizing the road. It's unfortunate if you look at how much Governor Doidiri had received for the past two years compared to the number of projects that has been executed you pity Biosauce State. Last year alone the governor received over 300 billion from the federal account over 300 billion what do we have to justify that amount nothing. The APC chairman is also assuring his national leadership for 100% support for the party's presidential candidate for Latin Evo JSC. Plus the Venus.


Hi, my name is Belkika and I'm an actress based out of California. And this month I have been filming a video, a self tape every single day and posting it every week is themed differently.  And then the next was all commercial auditions, which usually the ones that I tend to get are non speaking and just action. So I practice that and then this week, oh, and then the week after that was special skills. So I filmed myself doing special skills such as roller skating, skateboarding, longboarding, speaking Spanish, knitting, sewing, and then this week is monologues.  But today is Thursday, July 22. Is it? Yes, Thursday, July 22. And I still needed one more like I've only chosen I had only chosen six monologues for this week. And then I thought I have Cynthia's monologue book, let me share some of those. So today, instead of, you know, memorizing just one and performing one, I'm going to be almost cold reading because I have read these in the past. But I'm going to basically be cold reading these monologues. And these are really, really great because it's a little bright, but you can see it's one page. So they're really great for practicing. If you are a beginner actor to be able to memorize something shorter, perform something shorter, and also, and she poured, you know, herself into these monologues.  You know, you'll know what I mean when I read some of these, but I'm going to read three of these with you. This book is a sit down with sin monologues for black girl, and it is written by Cynthia de Helaire. We did a collaboration earlier this year where we held a monologue competition with her monologues and also one that she and I wrote together on a video. If you want to see that, I'm going to tag the videos I'm talking about over here. But today, I thought I would share three of these with you. So I'm going to be doing almost a cold read instead of a, you know, full on self tape over there, because I thought this this is a good opportunity to share an amazing woman. She's an actress based out of LA who wrote this monologue book so if you guys can go purchase it, or if you can't afford it, we did share a few monologues that you can use in that monologue competition for your auditions. Yeah, go over there if you want to see the other ones. But today, I want to read, I like so many of these, but I want to read three of them in particular that I just really like what is called triple consciousness. And there's one word I think it's Aisha. It's like Haitian, I believe that I might not pronounce correctly. But the first one is amazing. It's perfect for somebody who is a Haitian American person, first generation. And then the second one is going to be roll one, roll two, which is pretty much good for anybody. Or that's the third one. And then the second one is going to be solidarity nudges, which is also a monologue that can be pretty much for anybody. So let's start with triple consciousness. Hi, my name is Sin, and I am Haitian American. This can mean one or two things. But for me, it means that my parents were born in Haiti, and I was born here. It can be cool depending on what side of the coin you flip to. I got to experience two cultures, learn two languages, and had my first job as an interpreter when I was six. No problem, explain that the grocer ran out of plantains, explain why everyone was laughing at Martin, explain the healthcare system. On the other side of the coin, it is a particular sensation. One ever feels her three-ness, an American, a Negro, and an immigrant. A palatable version of blackness to my white counterparts. A paddleable version of Haitian to my black counterparts. And a paddleable version of American to my Haitians.  Oh, you can't be too Haitian. Oh, where's your Haitian? This is an added layer of complexity to otherness. Being a first generation American is no easy task. You see, I've learned to tiptoe in your rooms and in my room. I've learned what to mellow out so that my black people feel me and what to hide so that the white people can deal with me. With the white people, I'm hiding two sides. With my family, I'm concealing everything I've become. It's complicated, and I'm always ducking and diving parts of me. This is my triple consciousness. I really like that one. Obviously, you know, it's for somebody who's Haitian American, but if you happen to be, then this is a perfect monologue for you. The next one is called Solidarity Nudges. This one's a little bit shorter. It's a little over half the page. Solidarity Nudges. You know what I'm talking about? That little knee knocking underneath the table, the elbow tap that no one can see. That slight unison cough.  Oh, those Solidarity Nudges that make us feel like we are not alone. That help us find the comfort in the uncomfortable. That confirm that we are not lost in our own heads. There's someone who shares this experience with me who confirms that what was just said was indeed racist, sexist, and bigotry. Like, yes, those sentences just came out of someone's mouth.  Thank God for Solidarity Nudges. You and I now have something to laugh about. A partner in crime for when I list out my grievances. Someone to share these experiences. And then the last one is roll one and roll two. This one is a little bit more like a little darker, just a little bit. I mean, depending on your experience, because you can relate to this in a lot of different ways. So roll one and roll two. And she also made a film out of some monologues. So if you guys want to check it out, you can look at it on her website and her Instagram. And of course, I'm going to be linking everything below, including the link to buy this on Amazon, if you would like to purchase it. There's more, a lot more monologues than the ones I'm reading. I'm just reading three. A father who never sprinkled me with love. A sister who never held my hand. Two occupancies voided in my life. A father who never talked to me about boys, who never called for my birthday. Who never made me smile. A sister who never made me cookies, who never called me beautiful, who never taught me how to have love for other women. For the longest, I held them to what they did not do, in part because TV told me to. I was so hurt by their lack of, you were supposed to be my dad, dad. You were supposed to be my sister, says. You weren't perfect. You gave me issues. You both missed your season.  I think maybe your purpose in life was not to be everything I needed you to be, but to just do you, to be human. I just came along, but I wasn't your story. Can you forgive me?  For not giving you a chance because I wanted vengeance for all those missed moments and plans. This time, I wasn't the bigger person. I've played a real hand. There's a lot to heal and healing takes time. Yay! There you guys go, a few monologues that you can use to practice and audition with and I'm going to definitely look, keep looking through these. I might actually, for like my actor clips because this month one of the reasons why I'm filming all of these of course is so that I can have something to show in auditions and I might use solidarity nudges I think is really fun and you can play around with a lot. Obviously, I just basically read it. You know, I did like a little cold read, but yes, everything is going to be linked in the description. Shout out to Cynthia for writing this. She's awesome. Go follow her on Instagram. Check out the book, purchase it if you can and thank you so much for watching. At the end of every video I feature another channel. This is today's feature. If you would like to be featured on my next video, make sure you're subscribed, like this video and leave me a comment.


Welcome to ToffeeTV, here is the Everton News Daily Everton have launched their new away kit ahead of tomorrow's game against Wigan where it will be worn for the first time. It's a salmon and pink throwback to the 1992 shirt which was in itself a throwback to one of the first shirts worn at Gullison Park. It's got these stripes again but there's a pattern within the stripes and this pattern is actually from the 1994 away kit the famous tractor kit that Everton wore as I said in 1994. Yeah it's nice it's a bit different but it's also something very retro Everton are playing on the retro theme with a video with some local artists in it and the whole 90s theme comes up in that yeah I think it's quite smart I think it's going to be a bit of a winner. The goalkeeper top is black and once again pays homage to St Luke's Church and Gullison Park with a blue design running through it of the church and the side of Gullison and I think that will be very popular as well. Everton being quite clever with Hummerland the last few years of bringing out the goalkeeper shirt and the and whatever shirt to the companies and it's like having two shirts out at once with the short sleeve shirts very smart shirt you know both of Jordan Pickford shirts have obviously paid homage to St Luke's and it does make you think that did they think that this was going to be the last season at Gullison Park because obviously the home shirt with the archibald each place homage to it they both goalkeeper shirts and obviously the this shirt pays homage to a shirt which was put out for the 100 year anniversary of Everton moving to Gullison Park so you just make you think maybe this was supposed to be the last season at Gullison Park and maybe the memo didn't quite get through to the designers. Everton really haven't played into that too much because obviously they think next season will be when we start at Gullison Park or even the season after depending on how things go so but both really nice shirts and as I said that will that will make it to debut tomorrow. The shirt is available online now but isn't available till next Friday in the club shops 7-1 and Everton too so you'll have to wait until next week if you want to physically get hold of the shirt. There you go. Everton look like they've missed out on Antony Alanga missed out. He looks like he's set to go to Noton Forest for £15 million. The play has been linked with this since January effectively. Some media reports are citing that he doesn't like Sean Dice's style of play. I mean whether that's two or not who knows but yeah so it looks like I know a few people had mentioned them we've done a few shows and people seem to like him. I don't think his numbers have ever really added up. I've spoken to Manchester United fans in the past and they weren't really too bothered about him as a player and I'm happy for him to leave the club but it looks like he's going to Noton Forest anyway but Everton obviously, Everton fans waiting to hear if Dan Duhmer has been confirmed apparently the medical is expected for tomorrow so hopefully we'll have some news over the weekend. There had been so on the last couple of days that Everton would expect them to try and do a couple of deals over the weekend ahead of the Friendlies next week against Bolton and Stoke to try and get them in for that. I think that seems to be a bit of a slow bane of that one and Everton are just sort of trying to chip away at that deal after waiting to see but as I said I think in the actuals being mentioned today so it'd be good to get someone like Dan Duhmer through the door get another one done after obviously following the well not the page just getting actually young on a free so it'd be nice. It takes the pressure I think off of the deals as well and I think it gives it takes the pressure of fans who are obviously worrying about the situation at the moment but if Everton could get a nice win tomorrow at Wigan that would also be nice for the fans as well. Don't forget that game kicks off at 2 o'clock at the DWU stadium and Evan 11 side will also be playing Tram here as well over at Print and Park so what you'd imagine that would be a lot of the under 20 well probably not even the under 21s or such maybe the under 18s. Mason Holgate played for the for the team for an 11 the other night against Forrest Green and a 1-0 defeat maybe you know the possibly he'll be playing the side as well so whichever one you're going to enjoy the game don't forget they are only friendlies and yeah well hopefully we'll get wins in both and ahead of next week with obviously more pre-season and a couple of games next week with Bolton and Stoke City on the horizon so there you go make sure to give this video like subscribe if you haven't already you want more great videos go over and join us on ToffeeTV premiere and also subscribe to more than the game as well where we've we've been doing daily transfer shows and there's going to be a lot of good interviews coming up on that channel as well there you go thanks for watching see you later


Haven't we done this before? I have no record of a previous encounter. We have met. I am sure of it. Fight! You are coming with me.


Very good, thank you. So let me take on the issue of property rights. And we know that the property rights are important. We know that property rights tend to eventually provide security of access, induce investment, induce gains in productivity. And we also know that property rights sort of underlie markets and the rental of land. And hence, eventually lead to a reallocation of land to better users than the ones that we are currently on the land. So many countries have gone into large certification and titling programs. Mexico is one, we are going to take this as a case study. Ethiopia, as was just mentioned, has initiated an important process of certification. I think the jury is still out as to how much change is going to follow. Countries like China are still debating as to whether they are going to get or not into issues of formal certification. Vietnam has made progress on to this. And we hopefully can discuss this in the discussion that follows. The main change here is to go from a situation where land rights are based on use, is by using the land that you establish your rights. As a consequence, it's the behavior that you develop, which means the land use and the labor allocation to the land that determines your rights. In shifting to a situation where the land rights are based on certification and titling, then you go from the rights to behavior. So the question that we want to ask here is how different is behavior from a system which is use-based where use determines behavior from a system where rights are going to determine behavior? And many countries being still in a situation where use determines rights, when we shift to a situation of certification and titling where rights are going to determine use and behavior, then we want to know how much of a change in behavior can we expect, and whether those changes are going to be efficient, and whether those changes are going to have social and political implications, which actually can be quite large. So there are four specific questions that I want to ask out of this. The first one is how much labor reallocation is going to happen once you let people do what they want as opposed to conditioning access to land based on use, especially how much migration out of agriculture is there going to be? Second, heterogeneity, who is going to live, who is going to stay? And can we infer out of these impacts in terms of equity and in terms of gainers versus losers? Third, in terms of land use, is there going to an impact on land cultivated and on the way in which land is being used? And finally, in terms of efficiency, what we have, especially in the case of Mexico, is a coexistence between a private sector and a sector that was in the land reform sector. As you change property rights in the land reform sector and make them more analogous to the property rights in the private sector, is there going to be convergence in patterns of land use away from the former patterns towards the ones that we see in the private sector? So let me give you very briefly the history of land reform. The Mexican land reform happened in two stages. There was a revolution in 1910. There was a land reform that started in 1917 and kept on going until 1992, where land was expropriated from large users, was distributed to small holders under the form of communities, those communities in Spanish are colegidos. The land rights in those communities were quite incomplete. And it's quite important to understand that property rights were actually given for the purpose of political achievements, namely providing access to the land to many people on small plots of lands, preventing them from trading land, obliging them to use the land, but also achieving political control in the sense that those farmers with incomplete property rights were going to be quite dependent on the state for what they would do with the land and for the state in terms of welfare. And as a consequence, they had a very captive audience in terms of political expression and votes. And I'll come back to this at the end. So the condition of access to land was use it or lose it. Namely, the condition was that you had to cultivate the land yourself with family labor. And if you would not do so and leave the land idle for a maximum of two years, then land would be relocated to others. There was a list of candidates in waiting to get access to the land. And if you would not meet the use it or lose it conditions, land would be relocated to someone else. Transactions were not allowed. And in the end, this was a very large reform process that affected half of the Mexican territory and something like 3 and 1 half million farmers. So in 1992, in the context of NAFTA coming up and the need to modernize agriculture, achieve productivity gains, be more competitive in an open border situation with the United States, there was a reform of the Constitution. The Land Reform Act was revised. And there was a land reform whereby property rights were not given outright, but were first granted out under the form of certificates that could subsequently be transformed into titles as the recipients of certificates would so wish. This certification program was called Prosede. It gives certificate of ownership to land plots and a share of common property resources. Intervention was at the erido level, in the sense that the whole erido had to agree in order for titles for certificates to be issued. The certificates then allowed land transactions but it mainly allowed full freedom of doing what you wanted to do with the land, including cultivating it or not cultivating it, deciding to migrate and leave the land follow behind. Under certification as opposed to titles, there were still some restrictions as to to whom the land could be sold, but effectively the most important was that there was full freedom of using the land as you wanted to do so, including with higher labor, including renting it out and including yourself migrating away from the community. So this is to show you the process that took on the right side, you see a cumulative distribution which is the number of communities that have been titled. There were like 27,000 communities representing more than half of the Mexican territory. All the dark spots of this map is land that has been certificated over the years, a massive land reform, in a sense a very smooth process that happened over the space of 14 years and there were conflicts of the way but in the end was able to certify the land moving away from the use it or lose it situation. So in terms of theory and again, Cauchic then challenged us to go back to theory. What we think is a situation where plots were very small and so it's normal to conceptualize use of those plots of lands as increasing returns to scale. There are fixed factors which need to be spread out over a larger area of land, but then imposing a minimum yield, imposing a minimum level of use, and hence imposing a minimum use of labor to those lands transformed it into a decreasing return to scale situation. So the upper curve, the upper curve in red is the situation under use it or lose it conditions and then once you remove this condition then you switch to the blue lower curve which is an increasing returns to scale. You read from that theory sort of two implications. One is that at given plot size which is the horizontal axis you're going to have less labor use and potentially more migration. And the second is once you are free to transact the land the way you want, if they're increasing returns to scale then there should be land consolidation into larger farms. So theory is predicting us that in fact as you move away from this use it or lose it situation towards kind of free use, then you should see a decline in labor use in agriculture, more migration out of agriculture, a reduction in the size of the rural communities and a consolidation of the land away from smaller farms into larger farms to benefit from economies of scale. So the data and I think that's interesting for those of you, Tony was asking this morning what kind of research you can do. The issue of property rights is important to study but here I think what's important to see is that we studied it fully with secondary data. And we combine a multiplicity of sources of data sources to sort of construct a story. And the art of the story is to find cumulative support of complementary support from those different data sources. Or if you want not to find any contradictions that you cannot hide under the rug that would contradict what you put forward as your main thesis, which is the one that I mentioned migration and land consolidation. So we use household panel data that came from Progresa. We use the population censuses. There are Echido censuses, which are censuses of those communities which were run in 1991 and 2007. We use satellite data to see land use patterns from which we can distinguish between especially agriculture, pastures and forest. And then we use the massive records over 45 million farmers of farm subsidies that give us the transfers to farm households but it indicates in so doing the area cultivated and the farm size. So at the end what we have is a, the analysis is going to be one of panel data where the left-hand side variable is going to be for example whether the household is going to have a migrant or not. On the right-hand side what we have is whether the farm has been certified or not or this household has been certified or not. This is a panel so we have fixed effects for the years and we have fixed effects for the Eredos. And then there are a set of time-varying characteristics that are going to be at the household or at the Echido level. So this is a typical panel analysis and the key in terms of using this rollout as an identification strategy as you know is that you have parallel trends for the communities which have not yet been titled and then once titled they eventually are going to have a kink in whatever endogenous variables we are looking at which in this case might be migration. So what we see here is that Eredos are being treated at different points in time. They are all on parallel trends until they are being treated and then suddenly we see a kink in the importance of migration after they have been titled which tells us in a sense that once we run this test that the treated communities can, or the non-treated communities can serve as counterfactual for the treated communities and that gives us a natural experiment sort of identification strategy which allows us to proceed econometrically in the estimation of the equation I showed you where certification is going to have exogeneity with respect to the outcome and we have a causal relationship. So let me just run you through the main results and the first one is on migration. So here we use the household data and what we see is that it is a large increase in migration, the likelihood that a household would have a migrant is 30% higher after certification than before. The size of the, and we also see that there's a lot of heterogeneity in who migrates. If you had weaker property rights before, you had sort of more defensive labor. You had more labor attached to the land with lower productivity because the quality of the land was less. And as a consequence, when you have certification then you're going to see that it's precisely people who had weaker property rights before who had to be present on the land who are going to respond more. Better farm opportunities, what we have just seen the whole non-farm economy, more pool effect and hence as a consequence more migration, worse land quality, there was more misallocation of labor to the land before the certification on poor land and as a consequence there is going to be more release of labor as a consequence of certification. Second, what we see turning to the population census data is an increase, there's a trend towards declining population in the rural communities. This trend is increasing. There's an additional 4% loss in rural communities population on the background decline of 21% over the decade that we analyze here. So more migration, loss of population in the communities. In the Ejido census there's a qualitative analysis, a set of questions that are being asked and one of the questions which is asked is the majority of the young people immigrating from this Ejido and we see that indeed after certification there's more, a higher percentage of those questions which are being answered positively. Then we turn to the Landsat data where we look at the impact on land use and we use the Landsat for two purposes. One is to characterize the quality of the environment and we see that there's more migration six times larger in the lower productivity areas so this kind of suggests efficiency. In the higher productivity areas the large farmer stays, the smaller farmers leave. In a sense the opening of the migration opportunities is more attractive to the smaller than to the larger farmers and then in the high productivity areas we see that both small and larger farmers stay on the land. We have implications not only on labor and labor allocation and migration but also on land use. We see that there's no aggregate impact on land cultivated but we see a relocation of cultivated land away from the low productivity areas towards the high productivity areas which again suggests efficiency. Turning to the farm subsidies data we see that there's migration, there's a loss of labor, there's no reduction in aggregate area, there's a reduction in the number of farms and as a consequence on average there's consolidation of land into the larger farms. And then finally we see that we want to ask the question how is land use being transformed as a consequence of certification and the way we do this is to use the way land is allocated in the private sector which is half of the territory compared to the way land was used in the erido sector and whether once you transform the erido via certification into a situation which is analogous to that of the private sector land use patterns converge towards the land use patterns that you observe in the private sector. So the private sector land allocation is the benchmark that we use to see whether there's convergence to this or that and what we do find is that this is indeed the case. So how do we predict land suitability where we look at how land is used in the private sector using such indicators as distance to the city, slow, painful, altitude, kind of exogenous determinants if you like and then we give a score for each of the three uses which are agriculture, pastures and forestry to every pixel if you like in the erido sector and then on average at the erido level what we see is that there's a convergence towards the land patterns that we observe in the private sector. So let me conclude reminding you in a sense that many countries are still in a situation where titles have not been granted, certificates are sometimes but rarely been given. Land use patterns determine the rights that you have over the land. At the same time we know that those are not necessarily efficient ways of using the land and hence as a consequence a temptation to move away from used based land rights to certificate and title based land rights. Think of China for example where land can still be expropriated by the community to be given to others if land is underused and land can also be expropriated for non-agricultural uses. So here what we see is that indeed the granting of certificates as opposed to a used based land rights situation is an efficient move. It reallocates large amounts of labor away from agriculture. There was too much labor held captive in agriculture other conditions of increasing returns to scale. It induces more migration so this is in a sense efficient. Induces more migration from lower land quality environments. So the lower land quality environments are going to differentially lose more population which one thing is also an efficient move. Induce more migration by smaller farmers in high productivity areas meaning that the land is going to be cultivated into larger farms given increasing returns to scale. This is efficient as well. Shift agriculture towards the better lands. No impact on aggregate land use but the displacement of agriculture away from low productivity towards high productivity areas. Concentration of production in larger farms with increasing returns to scale which is efficient as well. And then reorientation towards private sector, no. So in a sense we can say yes certification formalizing property rights creates efficiency gain. Something that we tend to know. Question is what are the trade-offs? Are there risks that can come about with this? Let me just finish with those three lines here. Number one large migration which is going to bear on the receiving areas could be intermediate towns as we have seen could be the major cities. It could be the border we are in Mexico towards the United States. So clearly there's an issue as to when do you want to run those reforms in terms of timing and the capacity of the rest of the system or your border to absorb the labor which is going to be released. And the second which is not part of the study here which is a paper that we actually had presented here in Vietnam a couple of years ago is that there has been also a political shift. Once you are titled property makes people more conservative in terms of the way they vote. And it's quite interesting that this issue of land and location was started by the left and in the end benefited to the right. So in conclusion going from use-based to rights-based to certification and titling is efficient but it can have social cost. The social cost is does migration which is going to be induced by certification happen at the time when the rest of the economic system has the absorptive capacity. And second it does have implications in terms of political economy. Namely is going to switch political support probably more towards the right. And that's a risk that the government in power has to decide to take it out. So this is the story of property rights in Mexico. Thank you very much.


Good day everybody. This is Dr. Sanjay Sanyal, Professor Department Chair. This is the second part of the demonstration of the femur. This time we're going to focus on the muscle attachments and the actions thereof. So what we have done, we have held up the left femur up in an upright position. So this one that you see here, this is the head of the femur, this is the neck of the femur, this is the greater trochanter of the femur. Let's focus on the muscle attachments of the greater trochanter of the femur. These are the insertions. The blue are the insertions, the red will be the origin. This is the insertion of the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus. The gluteus medius, the gluteus minimus, they come vertically down and they get inserted onto the greater trochanter. And these muscles, they're very important in abduction of the hip and they're important in medial rotation of the hip. If this muscle is paralyzed, then the person will not be able to hold the pelvis straight when standing on the leg of the paralyzed side and that is called the Trenland Berg sign. So that is what we see about the insertion of the gluteus medius and the gluteus minimus on the greater trochanter. Now I'm going to turn the femur and we are looking at the posterior aspect. Now we can see posterior aspect. This is the posterior aspect of the neck of the femur and we can see certain muscle attachments attached to the tip of the greater trochanter. We have the pyriformis. The pyriformis is one of the deep gluteal muscles and the pyriformis takes origin from inside the inner surface of the sacrum comes out through the greater stratum for ramen and it gets inserted into the tip of the greater trochanter. If you look here where my finger is located and this place here, this is trochanteric fossa and this gives insertion to the operator externus and the operator internus. The operator internus is also one of the deep gluteal muscles and it is responsible for external rotation. Now let's come further lower down. We see this insertion here. This is called the quadratubuckle. It is on the approximately the middle of the inter-trochanteric crest on the posterior aspect. This gives attachment to the quadratus femoris which takes origin from the ischial tuberosity. It's like a quadrangle and gets inserted onto the quadratubuckle. This is also one of the deep gluteal muscles and this is also responsible for lateral rotation of the femur. Let's come further down. We can see certain further muscle attachments here. This is the lesser trochanter and this gives insertion to the ilio suas tendon. This is a very important insertion which is the muscle of the anterior compartment and this is responsible for fraction of the hip. Between the ilio suas tendon and the hip joint there is a bursa where my finger is located and that is called the ilio suas bursa. Now I'm focusing on the posterior aspect of the femur, the shaft of the femur. We can see multiple linear lines. The most prominent line is where my finger is tracing. This is known as the linear aspera and we can see that the linear aspera is splitting downwards into two lines here. These are respectively referred to as the lateral and the medial supra-condyler lines and this is the perpendicular surface of the femur. Let's go up. We find the linear aspera also divides into a lateral and a medial line above. The linear aspera itself is a thick ridge and it's got a lateral lip and a medial lip. So the lateral lip of the linear aspera gives attachment to the vastus lateralis and also gives attachment to the short head of the biceps femoris and the lateral lip also gives attachment to the lateral intermuscular septum. So the lateral intermuscular septum covers the vastus lateralis from the posterior aspect and then it goes further laterally and it merges with the iliotibial tract on the lateral aspect. When we trace the line up, as I said, it divides into a lateral and a medial. The lateral lip, you see this swelling here, this is called the gluteal tuberosity and this gives attachment to the deep one-fourth of the fibers of the gluteus maximus muscle on the gluteal tuberosity. Now let's take a look at the rest of the linear aspera. The linear aspera gives it insertion to the upper part. This is called the pectinial line, the attachment of the pectinous muscle. Then we have the attachment of the adductor brevis. Approximately the middle one-third gives attachment to the adductor longus and adductor magnus takes the major part of the attachment here. Attached to the medial lip is also the vastus medialis and the medial intermuscular septum. So between the vastus medialis and the adductor magnus, deep inside runs the profunda femoris vessels. So that is the location and after that the profunda femoris pierces through the attachment of the retro magnus and goes and becomes a perforating arteries. Now let's come further lower down. We are looking at the perpendicular surface. We can see the two femoral condyles here and this is the intercondyler fossa. This forms part of the knee joint, the posterior aspect and it is covered by the capsule of the knee joint. We can see certain muscle attachments here also. There's the lateral condyle, there's the medial femoral condyle. So this is the attachment of the medial head of the gastropameus and this is the lateral head of the gastropameus and above that we can see this is the attachment of the plantaris muscle. This elevation that we see here, this is called the adductor tubercle which is present on the medial side on the medial condyle. This adductor tubercle gives attachment to the adductor tendon which is the hamstring component of the adductor magnus and this forms the medial boundary of an opening here where my finger is located which is called the adductor hiatus and through this adductor hiatus the femoral vessels, they come and they enter the propitial fossa and they change the name from femoral to propitial. So this is the location of the adductor hiatus. The femoral propitial artery can get entrapped at the adductor hiatus. This adductor tubercle can be felt in a normal person and this is where we can tap with the knee hammer to elicit the adductor reflex. To come further, we see another muscle in taking origin from here. This is one of the origins of the propitius muscle. The other origin of the propitius muscle being from inside the knee joint that is from the lateral meniscus and this is the insertion of the propitius muscle but that is in the leg so we shall not talk about that. So these are the aspects that we can see on the posterior aspect of the femur. Now I'm going to turn the femur. Now we are looking at the anterior aspect of the femur and we can see the most of the anterior aspect is quite featureless because it gives attachment to a very big muscle here and this is the vestus intermedius. It takes origin from the front of the femur and it merges with the quadriceps tendon. Deep to the vestus intermedius, we have two slips of muscle which are referred to as the articularis genu. The articularis genu are partly merged with the fibers of the vestus intermedius and they take partly origin from the front of the femur and they get inserted onto the suprapatellar bursa and their function is to pull the suprapatellar bursa away during extension of the knee to prevent it from getting trapped. Medially we can see this muscle here. This is part of the origin of the vestus medialis and laterally is the origin of the vestus lateralis that we can see up here. So the front of the knee is entirely occupied by the quadriceps muscles and all of them get inserted by the quadriceps tendon onto the base of the patella which is located here. So these are pretty much all the muscles that we can see attached to the femur. The significance of all these muscles is that if there's a fracture of the sharp of the femur which can happen from a very serious injury to the thigh, the fragments of the femur they invariably displace and they override because the pull of these strong and heavy muscles. This is the plane x-ray to show fracture of the mid-sharp of femur. Please note the overriding of the fragments. Therefore it's very important to give initial traction. Bring the ends in alignment but they will not remain in alignment. They have to be fixed by open reduction and internal fixation. This is a fracture sharp of femur that has been treated with intra medullary nail and hip screw. So that is the point which I wanted to mention about the other aspects of the femur. Thank you very much for watching. Dr. Sanger signing out. Please like and subscribe. If you have any questions or comments, please put them in the comment section below. Have a nice day.


Couldn't do it. I said you can't do that Jacob. You can't do what everyone else does and binge post show and blow out You can't do it this time and guess what? Well, I did. I did. I've been on the seafood diet You see it and you eat it You lot what is going on welcome back to another video and welcome to the final installment of the I guess you could call it 2020 bodybuilding prep That I did and that you guys have had to enjoy on this channel I realize it's not everybody's cup of tea, but it is mine and believe it or not guys This channel started as a fitness and bodybuilding related channel, you know following my journey Into what I thought at the time would be competitive bodybuilding That was 2013 2014 We're still doing it man I still love it just as much and I've just competed for the second time this year and the fourth time overall in my entire life And I feel very accomplished. It was a journey That at the end of the day went from being fun to not so fun, you know these last four weeks Well, in fact the full eight weeks from the point where I finished my first show in Christchurch to the point Where I did a national show in Toeronga That eight weeks to have to try and maintain condition was hell It was fucking hell, but we'll get into that guys. This is this is a little bit of a recap It's a bit of a an opportunity for me to process some thoughts to work through some things talk some things out About the show and about how things went and to update you guys because there are some people out there That do want to know believe it or not so Here we are In this show I went for two divisions It was my goal to really try and work out once and for all which division Mike my physique suited the best And I did find that out. I believe that my waist Even if I was shredded shredded shredded to the bone would never get under 31 inches. It just wouldn't it's the shape of my waist and In men's physique you really want a nice streamlined waist. I mean you you know If you're gonna be six foot one Not only do you need that width on the shoulders, but you also need that really really thin waist So I believe that my waist The way it is, you know my abs are quite symmetrical I do have a nice six pack when I do get lean, but the width of it just doesn't look right in men's physique So I've decided to to focus on classic physique, but I did do both divisions I did men's physique and classic physique. Classic physique was first thankfully So I could put my my best effort into pumping up for that division Which I did and and men's physique was second. So I Actually got some more silverware. I've got a medal. It's in my room. I will go and get it But I got a second place. So in a national competition guys So it was the 2020 New Zealand well NZ IFBB the New Zealand International Federation bodybuilding Natural national Championships I've never never done a natural I've never done a natural show before and I've never done a national show before so it was two firsts and It was a great show, you know relatively small as far as competitors go It was a one-show format so there wasn't pre-judging and then finals it was just a one-show format and And Well, it went it went you know it went well in my classic seat class, which was class C I competed in that class and in Christchurch as well Class C 180 centimeters and above so for that class For my height at 185 centimeters. I Found out that I'm not quite at six foot one. So I'm six foot and like probably seven eighths of an inch and What that means is that my maximum weight in an amateur classic physique competition I'm led to believe is a hundred kilos so I weighed in Prior to the show at 88 kilograms, which was pretty much the exact same weight that I had at the South Island show So I'm playing with you know 12 more kilograms that I could possibly add to my frame and still be Within the weight class of classic physique if classic physique is the division that I do want to go for and I think it is man I think it is I feel like I Feel like even that the two the two poses that get well Sorry, three poses that get taken out of the mandatories When you go from bodybuilding to classic physique are the front lat spread rear lat spread and the side tricep And to be fair guys those three poses would probably have to be my three worst So as far as you know really suiting my physique moving forward I feel like classic physique is the way to go and I feel confident with that and we're gonna do that and I do have some proper IFBB pro Classic physique trunks now so I can use them for posing I can really practice my posing routines and Transitions and things like that so I can be even more confident next time I get on stage as far as Confidence as far as actually how I felt on stage. I definitely felt like I was more prepared than my last show That's just through you know more practice posing with my coach Steve more time and I guess I Guess I did feel like I was in slightly better shape in this show than I was last time, but you know Truth be told and I'll get into this I feel it I cheated I cheated a hell of a lot on my diet When it started going from fun to not so fun. That's when I just couldn't I couldn't Do it anymore. I wasn't doing it for the right reasons And so it's a real struggle when you when you're not doing something for for for the right reasons Or what seemed like the right reasons? It's it's a real struggle to stay motivated And so but but you know what I will say is that I finished the job I may have cheated on my diet, but I tried to get up that next day Forget about it get out in the streets You know if you were following me and if you were following me on Instagram You would have seen that I was doing cardio every single morning Many mornings that cardio was done to try and clean up the mess from the last night when I binge. Hey, you know what I mean So I prepped for too long to be fair. I prepped for too long You know 16 weeks 20 weeks at a push but something like 24 or 26 weeks like I did is just too long So this started on April the 13th It's it ended on October the 24th and what a journey it was what a journey it was And we're done. That's it. So now it's time to to bulk but do it properly I'm sitting here 11 days post-show. I Wayed myself this morning. I weighed 96 kilograms guys So the reason why this video wasn't made Until now is because I felt depressed I felt anxious about the amount of food that I was eating post-show after I told myself. I couldn't do it I said you can't do that.  Well, I did I did I've been on the seafood diet You see it and you eat it. Okay, but today's the day. So today's date is November the 4th It's 2 43 p.m. And It's yeah, 11 12 days post-show I've done my first workout since the show this morning So I've literally not worked out once. I've not done any cardio You know, I binged the night after the show I binged the day after that I binged the day after that and Any thought of going to the gym and continuing cardio had completely vanished because I was already feeling so shit about the food That I ate. I mean this bodybuilding stuff is dangerous mentally it can really send people into spirals You know, whether that be binge eating or whether that be trying to Try to do the opposite and possibly, you know developing some sort of anorexia or something crazy like that You know, luckily I have the experience and I have the knowledge that I can drop weight I can put on weight. I can clean things up and I will clean things up So I'm not starting my bulk just yet, but I will be the plan is to I'm actually gonna do a marathon my next challenge after this bodybuilding show was to do a marathon and Queenstown is hosting their their annual marathon So I'm gonna be doing that on November the 21st and today being November the 4th. That means it's two and a half weeks away So I'm gonna focus on cardio as far as training is concerned for the next three weeks That's gonna give my body. I don't really care about it. You know, I'm a natural bodybuilder I'm a natural lifter.  You know what I mean? And I was so pleased with the fact that I work I was able to maintain as much muscle as I did throughout this cut as a natural and still present a package on stage that I was half, you know pleased with after Fucking losing passion for the whole sport of bodybuilding over the last couple years You know, this is a real comeback. It's been a real journey and thanks for being here mags. It's been great Completely forgotten what I was gonna say but there is one point that I do need to make and that is that Actually, no after the marathon, that's when I'll start bulking. Okay, that's what I was gonna say But the final thing I want to say and this is the most important and and the thing that I was missing man And I have been missing and and I know it. I know it at age 29. Okay. I Was doing this By myself Yeah, I had the support of my family, but I didn't have the support of my kids I wasn't prepping with the mate which could have made it so much better and you know Most of all man, I didn't have a partner behind me.  I Don't have that. That's what I'm missing I'm not gonna say that I'm gonna be out there looking for it specifically But I'm certainly gonna be open to it. You know, I am a closed book to most and That is through not wanting to get hurt. That's through not wanting to get rejected. I would rather stay shut and not share Myself with someone because it's easier and that's just wrong that is wrong and so I'm gonna be Trying to work on that, you know what I mean, but Going back to the show the one thing I really did miss was was the support of a partner Because that would have been incredible, you know Not only with the day-to-day things like the the meals and the you know She could have come on on walks with me in the morning and and things like that, but just that That support I Was missing but thanks for all your support because it certainly kept me going I know I've got a few of you out there I know I've got a few of you out there that really do support my bodybuilding journey. You must like bodybuilding yourself I Don't know where that passion came from for me, but I certainly I've got it. You know, I've always loved bodybuilding I don't know if it's the actual physique. I don't know if it's the actual competing in fact I know it's not it's not the actual competing. It's not the actual studying the physiques although I do it's Everything that goes into it. It's the day-to-day grind. It's it's the training every day It's it's the fact that you only get out what you put in that is what I love about it So I have some people to thank. I want to thank my coach Steve We've been working together for about four months now. He's a great guy and I Did something in the show and in my posing routine that I did for him it was a it was a tribute to him and You'll see it if you watched my my posing routine or if you follow me on Instagram you'll see the ox pose that I did and basically, it's a it's a backwards three-quarter double bicep and Steve when he does it As an IFBB pro he extends his his back arm into the air and Holds it there for a good couple of seconds and that has been that's that's his signature pose That is the ox pose and I've always loved it I never ever thought that I'd ever be able to pull it off on stage, but I did and I pulled off my own version of it So Steve, thank you so much for your support.  I want to thank my family and friends, of course I want to thank everyone at the NZIS in my class for supporting me for you know asking me how things are going for Training with me when I wanted you guys to you know, it's it's been incredible I did get some good support from the people around me at the NZIS and I want to say thanks I need to say thanks to Letitia My friend from Christchurch who sorted out my base tans She gave me two tans before my first show and two tans before my second show So Letitia, you'll never see this video, but thank you so much and Man, you know what? The rest of it was up to me.      It does feel like a chore So when you see reaction videos on this channel, just know that I am wanting to do them and I'm not forcing it Because if I was doing that I'd quit and we can't have that so guys. Thank you so much for watching. Have a great day Second place actually I'll go get the middle hold on Next minute Well, I was number 18 this time. I think I was number seven in the South Island show and Here is my medal from the 2020 NZ IFBB Natural national championships natural national well natural nationals championships 2020 mate look at this second place out of five, I should say second out of five and That meant that I didn't make it to the overall which is fine But I think I should have got first I'm not gonna lie and actually in the pre-judging I was in the middle the entire time and anyone that knows bodybuilding Knows that if you are in the pre-judge if you're in the pre-judging you're in the middle the entire time They finish the pre-judging you're still in the middle. You're pretty much guaranteed a first place And that's the first time that's ever happened to me man. I Couldn't believe it.  I Know I can get in that kind of shape Way faster and way more efficiently next time and that's exactly what I'll do so I plan on You know doing this marathon staying in shape bulking up again I will be at least a hundred and five kilograms or 230 pounds before I cut down again and From cutting down from that point rather than about 95 kilograms that I did this time It's gonna allow me to maintain a whole lot more muscle I'm gonna look bigger fuller more vascular Everything better on stage, and that's what bodybuilding is about. It's about progression Who knows maybe next time we'll have that support. I'll definitely have the support of my kids I'll tell you that much because um I'm actually going back to Alice Springs on December the 20th You heard it here first, and you'll hear more about that in future videos. Have a great day guys. Peace out


Fire, fire, fire, fire, fire, through this crown, through this crown, that's right. It gets worse, watch this. Do what? Why this sort of stuff is not troubling to more professed Christians I really don't know. The Bible tells us clearly in his word that God is not mocked and he says whatever you so that shall you also reap. These people are going to reap a severe judgment because they are literally mocking God. Do we believe that there are demonic activities, demonic forces that come against people, including the people of God? Sure, but how it's handled is quite different according to the Bible than what we see here from these charlatans. When you see someone blowing on someone waving their hand or using little karate motions and so forth like that, that's clearly not scriptural at all. As a matter of fact, that's pretty much blasphemous.  James tells us two things. One, he says, to draw closer to him, resist the devil and what will he do? The devil will flee. Why? Because inside you is the spirit of God. As you get closer to him, the devil has no desire to be closer to God, obviously. And when James also says if anyone is actually suffering, look what he says. He says, if there's anyone suffering, then he must pray. Is anyone cheerful? He is to sing praises. Is anyone among you sick? He must call for the elders of the church and they are to pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord.  The point here is that he's not saying that you should cast a devil out of him. As a matter of fact, we don't see Paul. We don't see James. We don't see Peter. We don't see John. We don't see them giving instructions to the church that if anyone is afflicted in any sort of way to cast out a demon, as a matter of fact, we don't see anyone with a demon who is a believer in the church. We don't see any of this being cast out. We don't see it being promoted, being taught. We don't tell, we don't tell anyone to beware of people or Christians being demonically possessed or oppressed. As a matter of fact, Peter even tells us that Satan is walking around like a roaring lion seeking whom he may devour. But the remedy is to just pray, be sober minded, be on alert. Why? Because the fruit of the spirit, which we have if we're a Christian, the result of the spirit being in us should be self-control. Jesus warns us of these evil men, of these wolves, of these false prophets coming. He says that beware false prophets who come to you in sheep's clothing. They look like actual sheep, but inwardly are ravenous wolves. You will know them by their fruit. Maybe it might not be all the way evident as often or as easily as we like it to be. But don't worry if you watch enough, if you see enough, eventually it will come out. But the most important part of their fruit is just really their doctrine. God has not entrusted the word of God, his powers and so forth to people who do not understand or who twist his doctrine. Now, he will use some of these false prophets as a test for believers or so-called professed believers to see if they really are of God. But Jesus is clear, sheep do not follow these wolves. John is clear in chapter 10 that if we hear a stranger's voice, who will run the other way, if you're listening to these people, it's probably because you're probably not one of Jesus's sheep. Many of these things are because people just want things. They're not satisfied with just the word of God, with the spirit of God. Know what they really want are things. They want an abundant life. And meaning by that is that they want to have well, they want to have riches. They want to have the future comforts of the world. I've seen those before. These are these fell in our meeting. Look at these. These gemstones that are falling. These are these are. What do you call them? I've seen it, but I can't remember the name. I can't remember either round, the round uncut topaz. That's what they are there. And I've seen these show up in Topeka. I've seen these show up in our meetings in Nashville. These are gemstones. I don't know if we can get a shot of these or not.   Listen, there's a dimension of the supernatural that's happening right now that you need to be aware of. I can promise you God is not raining down gems from heaven. Tell us what happened to you last night, Barbara. Well, last night I was praying for healing for my knee. And when I got to the motel room, I forgot to look in my mouth because I was just going to look to see if there was a gold tooth in there. But this morning on the way to the meeting, I pulled the visor down and looked in the mirror and I said, Charles, there's a gold tooth in there. I can also promise you God is not giving people gold teeth in their mouth. The sad part is that people eat this up. The people are still listening to this and falling for this. Paul says, putting aside all mouth and all deceit and hypocrisy and envy and all slander like newborn babies. Look, he says, long for the pure milk of the word so that it. So by it, you may grow in respect to salvation. If you have tasted the kindness of the Lord, if you are a believer, you will desire the pure milk of the word. That is the most important thing. The Holy Spirit is the one who gave us it. And so if you want to have a true feeling of the Holy Spirit, if you want to witness the Holy Spirit, if you want emancipation of the Holy Spirit, read his word.  My uncle, Pastor Simon, was coming out of his car. This is in a few years ago. He's coming out of his car. They hired somebody because he was disrupting so much occultic work in the city of Nairobi. They sent people to kill him. My uncle stepped out of the car. They pointed guns at him. Rebeh shataba hire. He started noticing that the people were wondering where he went, but he's standing right there. He's like, why can't these people see me? He disappeared right in front of their faces. He's seeing himself is there, but they are looking for him, wondering they dropped guns. Ren and recently I saw a friend, Justin Peters, cover Bethel Church doing their baptisms and listen to the response that this lady gives as for her reason to want to be baptized and notice that the people at the church, they don't correct it. They don't care why, because doctor is not important.  Hi, I'm Crystal. And I just know that God is calling me to be a warrior for his animal kingdom and that I'm to lead angels of an army of angels to protect animals across the world. And I just know I can't do it without God. Come on, give Crystal a round of applause. That's amazing. Sweet. Do what? Crystal is getting baptized because she wants to be a warrior for the animal kingdom. She wants to lead an army of angels to protect the animals. And he said, that's awesome. That's great. They baptized her. You are not here to lead an army of angels to protect the animal kingdom. Rather, what we're supposed to do as believers is what Jesus says, he says, truly, truly, I said to you, he who believes with the believing ones in me, the work that I do, he will also do the work that he did. What is that? Paul tells us, as a matter of fact, Jesus says so as well. But we have been given the ministry of reconciliation. He was reconciling us to God. And now we have been given that exact same ministry. That's what we're supposed to do. And we're supposed to do so through the word.  But Jesus describes who those people are. He says they are wicked and adulterous. These people will have their reward. They will have their reward and it will not be what they hope it to be. I pray that you all will be vigilant, that you will be diligent in searching the scriptures, that you will be like those in Berea. Search the scriptures and find out if what's being said is so. If it does not line up with the Word of God. Guys, it's so clear. If it does not line up with the Word of God. If it does not look like what we see in the scriptures, you are too rejected. Amen.


More people have anxiety than ever before. So what's the deal? Are we just being more honest? Has life gotten harder? Or are we not as mentally strong as past generations? I was recently diagnosed with anxiety and my dad laughed at me and said, who in your generation doesn't have anxiety? It does seem like it's becoming almost a trend. Are we just not as strong or have things really gotten worse? Kids right now, people in their 20s, even us, like it's in our face all the time, right?  We have these devices that, while amazing, we have everything at our fingertips, it's also kind of dangerous. Our nervous systems, like us as human beings, we were not designed to hold all of the world's suffering all of the time without ever getting a break. And so I think it's really unfair actually for this person's parent to say that we're like soft or we're not built as strong or that we're snowflakes, which I hate that word because it's all relative, right? Like I don't think that somebody from that generation that wasn't raised the way that we are raised can actually make that kind of statement. There's so many things about our society that are unbelievably anxiety-provoking. That's the larger thing that I think we're often not acknowledging when it's like, yeah, these are anxiety-provoking times we're living in. God, you and I were just talking about how school shootings, these are not things that we grew up with, you know? Having these drills that our children are living through every single day. And yeah, there's a lot of anxiety that comes with living in the world that we're living in, you know? So what's the difference between having anxiety and having an anxiety disorder? Simplest way to put it is an anxiety disorder is when anxiety actually hinders your ability to live, right, your ability to function. To a certain extent, every human being has anxiety. It essentially means you're alive. So then what does this person do, you know? Ignore them. I can't. Whatever. I mean, seriously, a little bit of that is this is my experience and I don't need you to tell me that my experience is real, right? The more we talk about it and normalize it, and you know, I think that's another thing generationally that it used to be like, well, so and so's in marriage therapy. Like, don't tell anybody, but I think now just like talking about going to my therapist, like I talk about going to my chiropractor is a lot more commonplace, at least where we're living, right? Yeah, we live in LA, so it's, you know, but also I think that the more we do that, then the more it becomes tell me about your therapist. If I had to put my therapy empathy hat on, I might also say that some part of this person's father is activated, right? They're probably activated because they never got taken seriously when they were younger and they probably voiced struggle or maybe they never were able to voice struggle, right? They never felt like they were safe enough to or that it would be heard. And I get so often, I wish they would just go to therapy. If only they read this book, if only they went to therapy, right? And I love that there's that meme that always gets circulated out there that's like, most people are in therapy to deal with the people who won't go to therapy, right? Which is kind of true. I love that you dropped into the empathy for the father. Well, because I think that that's real. And I think what comes up a lot, like what is the number one thing we hear people speak to from a parent when they start therapy?  Or that therapy somehow means that I've failed as a parent and that my kid is quote, messed up or something's wrong with them. I love to say therapy is not something anybody needs. Therapy is something that in my perfect world, everybody deserves.


Cool, I guess how satisfying is it when you have a guy come in and makes a play like that right out of the gate? Yeah, I thought he played great. You know, came in there and gave us some energy and did a really good job of going in there, whether it was playing on the punt team or kickoff or punt return. Obviously, he got the big play that really kind of sparked us in the start of the second half, which was great. So yeah, overall, real excited to have him on our team and to play well. And now we're just going to try to build off what he did last week. To take on more significance in general in the league with the colder weather coming in. Yeah, definitely. I mean, it's just that part of the time in the year, too, where kickers aren't as strong as they were at the beginning. And so the kickoffs aren't going as far. And it's going to be a big part the rest of the season. So we've got to continue to practice and work on getting better, which I feel like we have been. I think Marcus has done a real good job back there. We've got to continue to do a better job blocking for them. But I think, yeah, going forward, it's going to be a major part of the season. And what temperature does the ball really start to change and maybe become harder, I guess, with her? Well, I don't know the exact temperature.  So we'll have to deal with that as far as Brett and Randy when they kick the ball. But for me to say the exact temperature, I really don't know. I know when it gets colder that the ball is a little bit harder for them to hit. And they'll want to complain about it a little bit that the ball is a little bit harder. But they'll go out and do their job. They'll be fine. And I guess as a punt returner, how have you kind of seen him improve here in recent weeks? Yeah, I think one of the best thing that Chet does is when he catches the ball, he's been able to make the first guy miss. And that's one of the job requirements that we tell a punt returner and a kickoff returner that their main job is to catch the ball. And then their second one is to make at least one guy miss. And we feel like he's done that throughout the season. And he'll continue to work on that in practice.  And he catches the ball and makes a miss. So we're happy that he's doing a good job. But we feel like we're also leaving some stuff out there, whether it's a miss cut, whether it's a block of just staying on a guy because Chet can make things happen back there for us. So we're going to continue to work on that aspect, too. And hopefully, we can get Chet out for even a bigger gain. Because he's doing a good job averaging a first down for us, but we feel like we can get more. How critical was it that there was one time where he kind of ran up and fielded it instead of yelling Peter for everybody to get away? How critical were those type of found yards that you gained from a play like that? Yeah, it's big in hidden yardage. We harp on that all the time. Coach Vrable, myself, Matt Edwards, it's a big thing. Because when you usually let a punt drop and hit the ground, it's going to roll for 15 yards and maybe more. And when you're talking about field position and how key that is, I mean, it's big. So Chet's been doing a really good job of, one, communicating that it is a short punt. And then our guys can get away from it. And then the second one is him just going up and catching it and not giving the opponent 15 extra yards. Been a pro bowler in his career.  But I mean, has he been at a pro bowl level this year for you? Yeah, knock on wood on that. But yeah, he's doing a great job. We knew when we ended up signing Morgan that we were getting a guy that has been to the pro bowls. The professional takes his job very seriously. And he has a really calm sense to him when he's out at practice and during the game. It doesn't really phase him. What the situation is, is he's got the same demeanor, whether it's the beginning of the game or at the end of the game where it gets real tight. He just goes out there and does his job. And it obviously makes Brett's job easier and even Randy's job. Just seeing stuff from around the league and kickers going through some issues or punters going through some issues, it's always good to have a guy like that that can go out and handle his business and do it well. Did you hear some before playing youth football? And I was just curious, apparently with youth football, there's no set standard or regulation for helmets. How important is it to change that? And how important is that helmet safety overall, especially with youth football? That's a great question. That's interesting, because I have an older son, too, who's in eighth grade, just going into the middle school program and things like that. And the youth program is one of the first things that I do is I always check out the helmet that they get, whether it's certified, things like that, because our equipment guys are awesome, whether Toss, Joey, Matt Thompson, John. I mean, those guys just do such a great job with our players that I will go and ask them questions on certain helmets that I want my kids to have. And I think it is really key for the kids to understand what's out there as far as helmets are concerned. Whether it's the school systems or parents in general, they have to know what type of helmets they're putting on their kids. So that was one of the things that I did is I talked to our equipment guys and tried to get the best helmet that I could. It's kind of funny when I was coaching in college or just started off in coaching. I worked at a place that kind of redid helmets and know the process that goes through, how to certify a helmet and see if it's legal or not. So that was pretty key that I got that knowledge working for two years. And I'm forgetting that place. It was called the Varsity Sports or something like that in Oxford, Ohio. And they did a great job with helmets. So yeah, it is really key for use to understand what type of helmets they're putting on their kids. It's a great. We're at the bright spot for the Texans' special teams. And I know Cameron Johnston, been with the Eagles now with Texans doing a great job with the punt game over there, just a little bit about maybe that. They're doing a great job. Yeah, he's doing a really, really good job and he's effective. He uses a bunch of different punts, whether it's a traditional punt, whether it's a hook, whether it's his plus 50, he does a really good job. He's got an extremely strong leg. And he uses, obviously, that to his advantage. But their gunners have also made great plays for him, where he gets it down there. And some of them might have great hang time. Some of them might not. But I know 24 Smith and 33 Moore do a great job of going down there and making plays in space for him. So we've got to do a great job on our punt return unit. Whether it's blocking the gunners, catching the ball, getting vertical, that is a good spot for them. It's a bright spot because they're playing well on special teams. So we'll have our work cut out for us.


In this video, we'll discuss the convergence and divergence of infinite geometric series. The results are important for a number of reasons, the most critical of which, for our purposes, will become familiar later in this unit. As you read in the lesson, we know that the sum of finite geometric series with n plus 1 terms is given by this formula, where a is the initial term and r is the common ratio. What would it mean for us to investigate the sum of the associated infinite geometric series? Well, an infinite series would mean that our n approaches infinity. So, suppose we look at the limit of this sum as n approaches infinity. What we notice is that the limit of this expression as n approaches infinity depends on the value of r. We have four cases to consider. Suppose first that r equals 1. This gives us the geometric series as you see here. Since this represents the sum of an infinite number of the same constant, a, the sum is infinite. Therefore, this series would diverge. Now suppose that r equals negative 1. This gives us the geometric series as you see here. The partial sums of this series alternate between being 0 and a, but never reach a single finite value. Therefore, the series would diverge. Suppose now that the absolute value of r is greater than 1. In other words, the common ratio is less than negative 1 or greater than 1. In this case, we find that the limit as n approaches infinity of a times 1 minus r to the n plus 1 divided by 1 minus r is either positive or negative infinity. This is because the limit of this term r to the n plus 1 is either positive or negative infinity. So if the common ratio is greater than 1 or less than negative 1, the series would diverge as well. Now suppose that the absolute value of r is less than 1. In other words, our common ratio is between 1 and negative 1. In this case, we find that the limit as n approaches infinity of r to the n plus 1 equals 0. So our limit as n approaches infinity of the expression we've seen before is equal to a divided by 1 minus r, which is a finite value. So if the common ratio is between negative 1 and 1, we find that the series converges. But to summarize, an infinite geometric series converges if the absolute value of r is less than 1 and diverges for any other values r. Let's work through a couple of problems to apply our conclusion. Take this example and we're going to determine whether this series converges or diverges. We recognize that this is a geometric series with the initial term 5 divided by 4 to the 0, which is 5. The next term being 5 divided by 4 and so on. So our initial term is 5, so that's our A, and our common ratio is 1 fourth. We can see this because we can rewrite this series as 5 times 1 fourth the nth power. Now since r is less than 1, we know this series converges and even further we know that the sum is equal to 5 divided by 1 minus 1 fourth, which is 5 divided by 3 fourths, which gives us a sum of 20 thirds. As another example, we have the following series and I'm going to rewrite this to make it clear that this is a geometric series. I'm going to rewrite this as 9 to the n times 5 to the negative n minus 1. This then gives me that the series can be written as 9 to the n divided by 5 to the n minus 1, which is the same as the series from n equals 0 to infinity of 9 to the n divided by 5 to the n times 5. I'm going to rewrite this series this way and we see that our initial term is 5 and our common ratio is 9 fifths. Well, since the common ratio is greater than 1, we know that this series diverges.


A few weeks back I put up a question on the community tab and I asked What applications do you use that you just absolutely couldn't live without? And that question kind of got me thinking about features of Linux that I just couldn't live without And there are a few of them, so what I thought I'd do today is go through a few things on Linux that Just have completely changed the way I use the operating system So let's go ahead and jump in So the first one on the list is scratch pads Now if you follow the channel for any amount of time You'll know that I am a big fan of scratch pads Now I'm sure there's some small portion of you out there wondering Matt What the hell is a scratch pad? And the answer to that question is Oh they're so cool Let me show you So here we are just on my desktop You're seeing audacity right now but it doesn't really matter I mean we could go to a different workspace And let's just say we have a whole bunch of stuff open up here We just have some terminals We have an instance of Firefox which we can move We can do what we're just going about our day doing stuff on our desktop And let's just say I need to get to a terminal Now I could open up another terminal But as you see the screen's kind of getting a little bit crowded And I mean you can't do much with the size of window Without having to scroll up or something So let's say I need another terminal I could hit my keybinding here And I get another terminal That is a scratch pad Now basically what this is Is an application that lives on a hidden desktop Or a hidden workspace if you will Or a hidden tag in the case of DWM It means that you can hit a keybinding And let's just run htop here And we have htop running I can hit the keybinding again and it goes away Did it go? Did it go to another workspace? Did it go to another tag? No it's still there It's just you get to do the keybinding And it comes back You can literally do that with anything in the terminal So I have a couple terminals here I also have Pulse Mixer I have my music player tagged to a scratch pad And a couple other things I have Ranger I have Git Crackin I have Bitwarden All these things are set to open up in a scratch pad So that I can open them up on any workspace And they just pop up in a floating window Over whatever I'm doing That's a scratch pad And I use this constantly If they went away I couldn't use my computer happily I just could I mean I probably would get used to it after a while But I wouldn't be as satisfied using Linux As I am right now This is one thing that literally changed my life When I started using them Because it made me more efficient It's gotten so bad that when I come across a window manager Or a desktop environment that doesn't have them built in I get kind of mad at it Like why? Why don't you have this built in? Now if you're wanting these things And you're not using a window manager Or a desktop environment that has them built in You can use something like Tilda Which is a terminal emulator That can function as a scratch pad I'll leave a link to that in the video description below Or you can do something like I think it's called like T-flop Or T-drop or something I'm not as sure what it's called I'll have to look that up as well I'll try to leave a link in the video description for that as well But that is a program that actually creates scratch pads And can be used with any window manager So if you want to try out scratch pads But they're not built in This is DWM DWM does not have them built in by default You have to patch that in But you can get them There's three or four different scratch pad patches That you can use I3 has them built in by default I think you can get them in Qtile I'm not sure about that Xmonad is you can use those in Xmonad If you can figure out Haskell And how to get them set up in Haskell I'm not sure about awesome window manager I think they don't have it Or it doesn't have it But I couldn't say that for sure So that's the first item on the list The next item on the list Is key cords and key bindings Now I'm combining these really Because they're basically the same thing And honestly, this is mostly just about key bindings Key cords are just kind of The cherry on top of the cake or whatever It's just, you know, key cords are cool And I like them a lot And I like to talk about them But let's just focus on key bindings If you're new to Linux And you're coming from like Windows or Mac OS There's a good chance That you have been using The keyboard and the mouse As your main input devices Combined Like you're always using them In conjunction with each other And you can do that in Linux as well Obviously, it's the same type of thing But one of the things that makes Linux awesome Is that a lot of desktop environments And window managers are meant to be used Primarily with the keyboard And what's great about that Is that it means you don't have to move Your hands back and forth Between both input devices And this isn't new Windows has lots of key bindings Mac OS has key bindings So it's not like Linux is exclusive in this party But I feel that Linux does a great job Of promoting keyboard use And customizability A lot of things Like in Windows I wouldn't even know how you would go about Customizing a key binding in Windows If it's even possible But in Linux You can go through and Set the key bindings to whatever you want If you're in your window manager You do it from a config file If you're in KDE You do it from the application settings If you're in... Here's how pivotal Key bindings are to Linux You can even change Key bindings in GNOME And those people don't let you customize crap You know, so Key bindings are essential to Linux And if you learn them They'll change the way you use your Operating system Because it will allow you to open up Applications Move applications And do a ton of different functions Without Your fingers ever leaving the keyboard Now where this gets interesting Is with key cords Now, key cords aren't something That will Exist on every single Desktop environment Or window manager Unfortunately Sadly, there's only Certain programs And certain window managers That have them built in If you're using something like SXHKD Which is a hotkey demon Meaning it runs in the background And listens for input From the keyboard To do certain things And if you use that Then you can also use Key cords In whatever window manager Or desktop environment you're using As long as SXHKD is running So here's what's cool about key cords There are Anywhere from 70 to 108, 109 Keys on a keyboard Depending on what size keyboard you're using Maybe a little bit more Maybe a little less Depending on if you have macro keys Or a keypad Or if you have If your keyboard doesn't have Function keys, whatever It's in that range The point is Is that the number of keys you have Is a finite number You don't have just An unlimited number of keys That you can do And there's only Four modifier keys That you can use In conjunction with The other keys on the keyboard There's control There's super There's alt And there's shift And those are the Four modifier keys That you can use And shift is not Really a modifier key It can be used in conjunction With other modifier keys It usually Cannot be used on its own Because that just means That you're typing in a capital letter The exception to that is Vim Where things are Always a little weirder than normal But the point is Eventually If you get big into key bindings You're going to run out of Possible combinations Or the combinations will Get so weird That they'll be hard to remember Key chords solve that problem By allowing you to create Specialized key combinations So for example I have a key chord Set up in SXHKD In my DWM setup And all my window managers That use SXHKD I can do super G And then After that I can do any number of So I do super G Let those keys up And then Whatever key I press after that Is going to do a certain action For example If I hit C My clipboard manager will come up If I do Super G And then S My search script will come up Super shift plus A My config manager will come up Super shift plus E Emojis And so on and so forth They're all tied to super G And then one key after that I also have a key binding For launching certain applications So for example I can go through and launch Nitrogen with a key binding Or a key chord I can write telegram Or LibreOffice or Gimper And all these things are tied To another key binding I have a key chord Set up to visit my Most visited website So for example I can do CTRL F And then A And that will take me to Reddit I can do CTRL F And then D It will take me to the Verge I mean that's enough examples But the point is Is if I had to go through And create one key binding For each of those separate things I'd really eventually run out of Key bindings Or like I said That'd be so weird That'd be hard to remember This way they're all tied To one certain key binding And then a letter after that That's associated with something That I can remember That's really cool That's why key chords are awesome And it's also why When I can't use them I get a little unhappy With my Linux system Because it just makes me depressed And makes me want to run back To whatever desktop environment Or window manager I was using That does have them So that's key chords And key bindings The next one on the list Is a little bit more Of a general thing To me The pinnacle of Linux success Is using a tiling window manager It's my... It's what I graduated to From using Plasma And I find every time I go back To a floating window manager Like Plasma or Genome Or whatever I get unhappy Because I don't like it Nearly as much Because things get lost Things get piled on top Of each other It's just a mess So for me Using a tiling window manager Really changed the way I used Linux Because before I used a tiling window manager My first tiling window manager was i3 Before that I was fine with KDE I had no problems I was really good with control tab Or whatever it was To navigate through windows And I was just used to using one workspace Now, those of you who've been Watching the channel for any amount of time You'll know that The idea of me using just one workspace Is just kind of probably shocking to you Because everybody knows I use a ton of workspaces Right now I'm using One, two, three, four, five On this monitor And four on this monitor And that's actually kind of low Usually I use a few more than that But I'm sure I'll get there Eventually this evening The point is Once I started using A tiling window manager I started using workspaces Or tags in this case Much more And that allowed me to spread out my work Into a more efficient manner It means that every tag or workspace Has its purpose Like on this monitor here that I'm facing On tag one I always have my to-do list And I always have them with me That's the way it always is I know where those things are all the time If I was in a floating window manager I'd have to go hunting for those things All the time Because I always want those things Front and center in a certain place Where I can find them Work space six Or tag six on both monitors Is always reserved for audacity And OBS That's the way I When I know I need to change a scene Or I need to make sure I'm recording something I know where that is Nine on those workspaces is discord Nine on this workspace is always my mail So that is the way I use workspaces And that didn't come about Until I started using tiling window managers And I don't know what it is About tiling window managers That really got me using workspaces more But I think it's because of The necessity of using full screen apps When you spawn a window It takes up the whole screen Now you might have gaps Or whatever But it takes up the whole desktop And if you spawn another one You always have your whole desktop used And as you saw earlier When I cut to the desktop The more windows you have on a certain tag The more cramped things get They spawn in equal proportion to each other But eventually your windows get so small They become unusable So that's why I started using workspaces And I like that It has made me more efficient And I think that for a lot of people Make them more efficient So I always encourage people To give tiling window managers a try Now some people just prefer Something like KDE or GNOME It's perfectly fine It's not as if you can't be efficient Doing that thing You've established your workflow there And there's nothing wrong with sticking to it But for some people I think that they can move away from that And into tiling window managers And find that they would be Even more efficient And more productive Than they are Or they expect it to be The next one on the list is The nerdiest Well, it's almost the nerdiest one on the list But it's probably also the most superficial Of the list Everyone knows that I like to Rice things That I like to change the themes Of my window managers a lot That I go through And change the colors of everything Five times a week And it's not that often But it feels like that sometimes So it shouldn't surprise you That I also like to theme my browsers So the thing about like The huge number of Chrome-based browsers Is that they're all kind of the same When it comes to customizability Vivaldi probably comes the closest In terms of actually being able to be customized a lot But again, you have to live within The settings that Vivaldi gives you And things like Brave They're not customizable really at all I mean sure, you can have themes But you're not changing that UI at all Same thing with Chromium Or all those things They're all basically the same The thing about Firefox They allow you to change the CSS That dictates the layout of the browser itself So I can create something like this And it can be awesome So I have my bookmarks alongside I have the tabs and the address bar All in one row And that's the way I set up my browser Now, mostly this is just for looks Like it looks cool That's why I did it I can't proclaim that I did this Because I'm some kind of a genius When it comes to efficiency I needed to change this In order to be productive in the browser That's not the case I did it because it looks cool However, it actually is functional And it does increase my productivity I wouldn't say quite a bit But at least somewhat Because I was always going through And having to enable the bookmarks bar Because I hate the double In the default Firefox setup You always have your bar And then your tabs And then you have your bookmarks down here And I hate that three-level thing It always bothered me So I always disabled the bookmarks bar So I was always having to hit CTRL-SHIFT-B In order to get that to come up Or I had to open up a new tab Because by default it's now hidden Except for when there's a new tab So while I would say that This thing is mostly for superficial reasons This way I can have my bookmarks Always here And they're not actually taking up space That bothers me Because the way it is by default It just does bother me So that Firefox CSS Is a necessity for me When it comes to using Linux Now obviously I could also do this On Windows and MacOS If I was one of those people who used that So that's not unique to Linux But because I discovered it on Linux I'm including in this list Now the last one is The most nerdiest thing ever And it's gonna be a little harder to explain Because in order to understand it You have to know what an environment variable is So I've made a video Really it was a short A few weeks ago Where I was talking about how I consider The home directory my personal property I take full possession of my home directory And that means that when stupid developers And I literally mean stupid developers Decided they're going to put their Applications configuration files Into my home directory I get really seriously mad Like borderline Like insane because they do this Like I'm very much protective Over my home directory So when that happens I'm ecstatic to find a way To change that And one of the ways to change that At least in some cases Is with an environment variable They're cool and I'm not going to cover everything That they can do because they can do a ton of stuff But The thing that I enjoy about them Is that they allow me to change stuff Change the Place where the system expects certain Directors to go so for example By default if you use ZSH All of your ZSH stuff is in the home directory It's hidden which is good But it's in the home directory I don't want that stuff there Because it bothers my brain I look at it every time I do an LS And I'm like So I have to move it And the way you move that is by setting An environment variable that tells the system Or in this case your shell Where those things are So you do these certain Environment variables And tell that it's going to be in the .config file Or directory And then you can move those things So there are certain things you can't move Like you can't change the location of .ZSHN That has to stay in your home directory But everything else can go into the .config Slash GSH directory And it's gone out of your home directory Now another example is Go By default when you install an application With the Go language It puts a non-hidden directory In your home directory Like it's there, it's just labeled Go And Whoever decided to design it that way Just should stop being a designer Or developer, they should just stop At least Consider their life choices Because that is a horrible decision I'm just saying it right now That thing should at least be hidden by default Just hide it But the good news is With an environment variable you can go through And change that You can change the directory that Go expects your Go folder Where it expects it to be So Those are just two examples So if you install snapd On your computer That didn't come with snapd installed by default You're going to get a very blatant snap Folder in your home directory It can't be moved It doesn't matter what environment variables you set It can't be moved So there are some exceptions to that rule And if you're interested in this In the environment variables that allow you To set different directories for things Where they would normally be You can go to whatever project Or and a lot of times you'll be able To see if they allow you to do that With environment variables So that is environment variables And like I said it was very nerdy Not something everybody's going to be interested in And I wouldn't say it increases my productivity at all But it does lessen my stress Every time I do an LS Because it's one of those things That just really bothers me When there's something in my home directory That I didn't put there Really bothers me So that is it for us on this video You can if you have Things that have changed your life in Linux You can leave those in the comment section below Make sure you like and subscribe all that stuff I really do appreciate it We're coming up on 6,000 subscribers Which is just seriously Blowing my mind It was less than like three days ago It feels like we're at 5,000 subscribers It's just absolutely not so thanks Everybody who's subscribed over the last Three weeks and before that obviously I really do appreciate it If you want to get in contact with me You can do so at the Linuxcast on Twitter You can support me on Patreon at patreon.com Before I go I'd like to take a moment To think of my current patrons Devon, Chris, East Coast Web Gen 2 Patrick, Al, Primus, Marcus, Megalyn, Jack, Snape, Tool, Steve, A, Sid A, Mitchell, Arch, Sinner, Amityas, Merrick, Camp, Joshua, Lee, J-Dog I almost made it J-Dog and the BSD is rock Thanks everybody for watching I'll see you next time