Sorry if I'm throwing some of y'all off because early They will because we are early early What's today? Is it Wednesday? I don't know. I feel like I have this conversation with myself basically Every time I go live because I can't ever remember Either way What's up y'all? it is I Erica and Jeffery is right over there. He's making new labels for our two-faced chameleons Bowie's over there being cute and So if you're new here, hi, welcome. I am Well, we are artists till death and we go live every day usually at 6 p.m Usually except for on Tuesdays, it's at 2 p.m. central and We usually do resin stuff. Sometimes it's other art forms, but it's always art. It's always awesome You give me one moment.  It's mama's good boy. You know it Got your fan.  Okay, hold on. Sorry y'all once again. I'm making some room. Okay Hold on puppies come first, you know move all the sharp stuff Thank you for puppy kisses. Thank you. Thank you. That's a dirty one Hold on Bowie. Let me make sure there's no sticky for you or don't hold on Whatever oh You're just facing the camera Cool. Hey Bowie. Here's your this Okay, I'm gonna get down. No, I'm there right there. Okay back to business Hey guys. Hey. Hi. How are ya? I'm so glad to see you all here Love seeing you guys. Okay, so I got a request About doing an ocean using the base tent. So I'm going to do that for you guys. They also requested that I use Stone coat because that's what this person has on hand. So I'm going to be using art coat This is just a 12 inch round You can get all the materials that I'm using today on my website artist-to-death.com And actually today is the last day to take advantage of our back-to-school sale using the code 2021 For 15% off. So Don't miss that anybody ever pour half their resin out and then Forget what Number they poured the first half to just me cool. That's cool. All right So the colors I'm gonna use today are titanium white by Sorry, I'm trying to get this off. I didn't forget who titanium whites by Sometimes doing more than one thing at a time. I Forget to talk out loud Think think out loud Think and talk at the same time words are hard. Anyways They actually requested that I use the white base cell but Not gonna do that because It's a base cell so it needs to be under the other colors in order to work And so if you want white waves, you need to put a white paint on top of your base cell That make sense Well, Bobo get down kind of like a toddler Come on get down Boy good treat Okay, hey, hi, how are you? It's if it's blurry it may be just because there's nothing down I'm so the camera has nothing to focus on Hopefully when my hands are in the shot it clears up a little bit So if you're new welcome, where are you watching from and have you worked with resin before? if you're not new welcome back and Please make sure that you're subscribed sometimes YouTube will unsubscribe people and Hit the bell so you know when we go live. I think I'm gonna bring back giveaways. What do you guys think?  Are you dabbled in it Shelly for sure? Okay, we'll start the giveaways the monthly giveaways back Tiffany says it did me so I wasn't getting your lives. I wouldn't subscribe to you. It's crazy. How it'll do that sometimes So I'm using stone coat art coat for this piece it is a one-to-one epoxy and so you mix equal parts of it together for about three minutes and And Sorry about that coughing if you're new then you haven't met my boys one of them is kujo He's a little old man palm and he has a heart condition and he likes to use it to his advantage Sometimes he's a little faker Lady on big boy They can't hear you He was looking outside What's up David rumple? Sue Maria Shane Hannah Maureen Melissa's Womper Emma JJ so many fam So if you like the video share it with people that you like if you don't like it share it with people you don't like A lot of people are concerned with bubbles in their resin There's a lot of bubbles in this resin right now, but I'm about to use a whole bunch of heat So the heat will take care of all these little bubbles. I personally am not concerned with bubbles Unless I'm doing a mold or casting of something Your dog pays more attention to the sound of food wrappers seems about right Okay, so If you've been watching my channel for a while, you know how I do my regular Oceans. Oh my goodness, Sue. I promise.  I just keep forgetting So by the time I stop alive I have to walk the boys and then my memory somehow just erases by the time I get back up Will you send me a message on Facebook because I'll get that More immediately Shane you have some big cats Okay, so if you've seen My videos on my oceans my usual ones I mix two tints and then a white for my ocean waves but this one's gonna be a little bit different in that I'm going to mix a base cell paste to Get my waves Right on the paper on table brilliant Hopefully I remember that and not just roll it up as soon as the lives over so Resin I need dark blue a light blue My white and then also a little bit for my Base cell I made four ounces which is going to be entirely too much for this 12 inch round First color. It's going to be my this. It's titanium white. It's from just resin I'm currently out of it. You guys buy it up so fast, but I have another shipment in route and I expect it any day now actually It's a clear customs Sorry, I just have to get some little sticks. I sell like 50 jars Every two weeks or so two or three weeks easily one of my top-selling pastes It is very white. It's titanium base. Obviously titanium white and it's very opaque. It's awesome One jar lasts forever Especially if you don't do an ocean pour every day or aren't doing like a floor It's very pure awesome white color. I love it. It's perfect Next I'm going to use a bond I um this bottle is Been through it I'm going to use a couple of drops for my shore color Then I'm going to build the color Moving deeper into my ocean very awesome light blue color for Near your shore. Oh, sorry keep hitting that Next I'm going to do a blue lagoon. It's also by color obsession same thing. It's transparent Super easy to work with because you can build the color They've changed their bottles from this version to this version. So That's why those bottles look different So I added a few more drops Then what I did for the bond I although this is a very different color But it's a little bit deeper, but it's still Transparent you can still see the stick through it now This is where my cells really are going to come from For this ocean The color I'm using On It's a purple and blue sparkle Chameleon this is aqua C It's a blue teal And it is opaque. I'm just gonna be where my cells really are gonna come from for this kind of ocean Sparkle I always mix my Paste in the jar before I use them Doesn't take a lot. This is gonna be an opaque non shimmer As you can see it works itself into the resin super easily So when I say opaque you won't be able to see your star stick through it. All right now We have our colors all mixed One of those days y'all think I'm not condoning drinking especially if you're underage You don't need to drink to be a good artist. Yeah, yeah, Diata All the other Legal jargon. Hey Hannah. Thank you for putting an order in what's up Joe So I'm also going to be using a this this is a diffuser for a heat gun and I call it a platypus attachment because to me that's what a platypus looks like and So I'm gonna switch out my Cake attachment These attachments have a slit on them so that they can be fit to any heat gun There we go. Yeah, it kind of splayed open a little wider to fit like that righty So this is gonna be my sandy area. I'll paint that after Lemus gates in Germany I'm going to start with some clear I'm using clear to start my wave so that it can be kind of a partition between My white and my ocean colors so that my waves stay white and don't Kind of fizzle into blue My short color is going to be this Bondi and brown brown Then my Bondi so this process so nope. This is blue again process so far is pretty much exactly like how I do most of my oceans The difference is going to be when I use the aqua C Cell activator or base tint. I Do sell the tips there on my website. They're five dollars for whichever one that you want Just you can do a search for heat gun attachment You're gonna put a couple more drops of Bondi in to make it a little bit deeper Which is the great thing about these tints as you can build the colors change them up a little bit But it'll never go opaque So you can see where the first line I put in is See how it's different, but it's the same color. It's great Fill in some of those voids with the lighter color now. I'll make our ocean kind of glow a little bit in those areas Okay, so I'm going to put some of this aqua C Right there I'm just gonna put it through out a little bit and in theory that should make some waves some Cells my ocean cells all a tutor twinkle. That's amazing. Jeff's doing brand new labels I don't know if you guys are here when I mentioned that Jeff's doing new labels for our Something words Our chameleon paints. Okay, so now I'm just gonna fill in all these voids Now for the base cells to work. They have to be On the bottom of Your other colors To work so right now it's on the top But I have a line right here that I'm going to Make sure is under my white. I'm gonna put the white right here where my shoreline Needs the sand You don't want to put too much white because you don't want to cover up all your beautiful blue colors I just put another line of our cell activator color just there Behind my white so now when I move my white backwards it will be Over this blue color that our cell activator is the aqua C Okay Let's heat this up pop some bubbles and see what we got Typically base cell Pigments don't like a lot of heat. So I'm going to turn my heat down to just about So this is all the way off, so I'm just turning it Not even halfway up from where I'm at You can tell that it's got an activator in it because of how it's reacting next to the white right there And then some of these areas back here. It's already starting to do things Okay Now there's two ways you can do this with the cell activator and Get your nice ocean cells I'm gonna show you a swipe first so that you can just see what it'll do then after that I can show you with That attachment see the cells are already starting to form super easy very Shealy style Right vamp throw a troll at your Sickness how easy was that so now I'm going to do my standard Wave style with my attachment. I'm not using a whole bunch of heat because The more heat you use the thinner your Resin will get and the thinner your resin is The least likely your cells are going to keep their crisp lines. They'll kind of fade away Okay, so I'm going to turn the air all the way up. I Have the heat at less than half. I Just want it to move my resin without using too much heat if it doesn't move at all Because I'm not using a lot of heat then I'll turn up the feet slightly Yeah, not moving that much. So I'm gonna turn it up just a little bit See if I get any movement Art hook gives you a two-hour at least working time. So it's okay for you to kind of use your time and Make sure you kind of respect the boundaries of your products of it where Sometimes I have to remind myself that it's okay I Just want it to be Kind of done right away sometimes I'm gonna get you guys where you can see what goes on There's true Claire. I'm literally making waves I'm letting a ripple come up and I'm just pushing that ripple back into my ocean I'm Melissa What is it? It's like a periwinkle Lavender, it's a light purple You don't know if this is something you want on your Tick-tock Arlene I got them the cellophane from Amazon Should I put another wave back here y'all? so you can see the difference in how a swipe cell kind of looks and then I use it iridescent and The cells from just using a heat gun air to push they're quite different But it's the same products just a different method of moving The product see what I mean be do you want to catch some waves for your tick-tock? Yeah, I don't know if you wanted to We can do it another time. I just wanted to ask so You guys want a second wave? I will do a second wave I can get my camera to stay facing that way We will just move the this So I put some clear down and this is again gonna act as a barrier Between the blue colors and My waves so that we don't get Whole bunch of waves that are Blue instead of white I'm gonna drop my white right on top of the clear that we just put down also a dot for good measure apparently it decided and Again, I'm gonna put a thin line of our Cell activator or base tint. Whoops. I crossed over a little bit So I'll have to add more white right there because the base cell colors have to be under the other colors for them to work Okay Don't cross the screen exactly So I'm trying to just pick up The white but since I put such a thin line of white down. It's kind of difficult I'm picking up some of the blues as well, which is fine Got a little close there Don't do that. Don't pick up any resin on your this because It will start to smell really bad It is a green and purple yellow You close your eyes and think Marty grow that's what colors it is Stupid dot right there. So what I'm gonna what I'm not gonna do is just Stay calm Make it a choice just like that But since we made that a choice. I'm gonna have to put a couple more choices through there Well, I'm just gonna go like this Do do do do Should I put down clear first when using snow white when creating waves? I would You like the blue and the white together?  Sorry about that that dimension bananas and here's our Cells with Heat gun very different still very awesome I'm gonna take this to the dust-free zone Talk amongst yourselves for just a moment And let me know what you guys think when I get back and We're back. So what did I miss? Finger painting sometimes you just have to resort to finger painting. I think I feel like Bring it back to old school. So, yeah Got it. Just hope I remember by the time I get back up Yes, last chance at 15% off site-wide on artistaldeath.com So if you need some base cell paste that'll get you your cells no matter what color you use from color passion Color passion color obsession is also on my website, but it is not the base cell any Paste from color passion will work as a base cell or cell activator I believe I have a couple of bond eyes left. I Know I'm fully out of titanium, but I'll have that in in a couple days I will put a sale out when I get my just resin shipment, but it will not be the awesome 15% off that I have right now you can also find the attachments for the heat guns on the websites as well as 80 hundred other colors It's a it's a definitive number. I think I'm pretty sure Look at that pretty baby Hi, boo-boo. Hi, big boy. They're doing baby Thank You Claire for the link I'm gonna check on kudo Before we say farewell My hair boycat meow.  No Okay, don't get worked up. You're okay. I know I know I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry.  Are you I know it's almost that time Thank you everyone for the reminder. Um, no, you can't order it if it's out of stock just cuz I'll get confused Unfortunately a Boycats massive Boycat. Yeah, I know you guys like seeing all the the farm Yes, big boy. Let me get the video done and then we'll go. Okay. Okay. Good boy My bean. I don't know where big girl cat is She's around. I don't know girl cats. Oh I bet I know where she is Hi bee No, not that kind of high. I bet she's over here in the shop. Hold on There she is Hi girl cat. Hi Look at her. She's shaped like a bowling pin. It's cuz she eats the boys food, I think Anyways, thank you guys so so much for coming in and seeing what we are up to today We really appreciate it.  You're the absolute best Be kind of one another you never know what someone's going through So you don't have to You know, they're amazing Thank you all the mods for being extra awesome. This is the piece we did yesterday. Don't forget that on Friday We're gonna do this again Tune to yesterday's video to find everything you need for that And we'll see you guys tomorrow. Bye Yes, big boy, I know it. I know it. We're gonna go.


This systematic review aimed to determine the quality, efficacy and theoretical application of digital interventions designed to improve physical activity, PA, in preschool-aged children. The study identified eight studies that met the inclusion criteria, with only two studies receiving an overall rating of strong quality and low risk of bias. All but one study had a small sample size, and positive and significant changes in child PA outcomes were reported in only two studies with weak overall quality. No patterns of effectiveness were identified based on the application of theory, and no studies reported on implementation outcomes such as adoption, cost, penetration, or sustainability. The interventions with a significant effect on PA use child-centered activities, while parent-directed digital interventions alone were ineffective for improving PA, future research with rigorous designs, monitoring of implementation outcomes, and testing of the contributions of digital components will advance understanding of the effectiveness of digital interventions for increasing PA in children. This article was authored by Terence Swindle, Anvesh Bipasala, Nan Zeng, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Okay, sometimes it may be good, sometimes it sucks. Welcome all back to the channel, everybody. It is one of those beautiful, absurdly nice outdoor days. I just got back from elk hunting, catching up with the fam, doing all that great stuff. OSG and Emmy and Ben are all at the State Fair, the Texas State Fair right now. And I am here about to just do some outdoor things. Just thinking about it. If you are getting into the outdoors right now, this is the greatest time. It is a double whammy time because we have deer season going on with bass fishing starting to get really good, starting to get charged up again. Bucks are gonna be in rut, you know, hearing about a month or so. Perfect timing here. I just got a box of stuff from Bucks. You guys are familiar with ducks. That is, you know, duck hunting, lifestyle, apparel. There's some other of us that really enjoy antlered type deals. And we decided to do a kind of fall-examine concept.  Try a little buck, drunk call right here. I will be putting that in the pack. And man, I'm excited to get down to the deer lease soon, y'all. Just came off of this elk hunt, charged up from that, but man, I'm ready to go deer hunting and I'm wanting to get Stephanie on her first deer. I really haven't even done that much scouting, y'all, just because of having baby Ben. Haven't had time to do it, but, you know, it's already archery season. Good to go there. I'm ready to get down, sit in a tree, just check out some bucks, see what's moving around. Yeah, we got that silver bullet sitting there. We're gonna do a chicken check real quick for you guys. Gonna include some homeblog stuff for you here since a lot of you commented on my last homeblog video. You wanna see more at home. Girls, how we doing? How are we doing today? Starting to grow back, your feathers a little bit. I see a lot of leaf blowers out today in the neighborhood, by the way. I just got done leaf blowing because we just had a big storm come through. Temperature has dropped, it's really beautiful. I keep saying that, it's because I'm gonna go fishing. It's been so nice. That's old Puff right there. Puff's looking pretty nice. She's fully regrown her feathers. Our dorkings, dorkings are still laying eggs every day, they're looking all right. Bardrock's kind of rough, that's Betty. Betty's looking all right, but our other Bardrock, she's got that old naked neck going on. It's just not very soothing for her. And then my favorite red chicken penny, she's got a little chest sloughing going on. I think a lot of it is from my on-demand feeders. You know, they stick their necks in there and they get that food out. I just lowered it to the ground. Heck yeah, but he is at it with the leaf blowers. Are you about ready to lay there, Piggy?  See what we got happening here today. Carrot, carrot is currently in the box right now. She's laying one, she's pretty relaxed. It's kind of weird chickens get into a trance when they lay. You know, normally she would never let me touch her, but right now she's just cool as a cucumber. And she's probably sitting on two or three eggs. Good to go. Thank you girls, continue to do what you do, make those eggs, appreciate you very much. So gorgeous out here, shouldn't even be legal. Beautiful, beautiful fall day. I just forgot my sunglasses though. You ever do that? That is really disappointing, such a sunny day, but we'll digress. The last tournament I fished y'all, I don't think we put it out yet on the Googie Squad channel. Man, it was a doozy of a lake. I'm talking, it tore up some gear and I went through a prop. So this is actually my backup prop that I used. And I even chipped it up and I lost my scag and I broke my transducer mount. And I got a couple of little skivvy do's on the, on the scag, it was just nasty. Should be a great video when it comes out as one of the most high and low tournaments I've ever fished. It was a lot of fun. But anyway, we're gonna hop in the boat, enjoy this gorgeous atmosphere out here. Also from post-tournament, we have a foot pedal, a foot pedal problem again. Cool thing about these units, these garments you can actually control. You can control a lot of the troll motor with this remote right here. My speed wheel went out during the tournament, but I was able to use this to control the speed. So I needed a new speed wheel, but you can use this remote to do a lot of those operations. So something I should have rigged up post-tournament is, any shaky head, did I do it? Yes, I did. I wanna head and do it. Cause in the fall started about October here in Texas. This is when I like to break out a shaky head quite a bit. And you can throw your straight tail worms on it. Something that I was turned on to last year so on this little trench hog. That little trench hog on there, man, it's just like it was meant to be. It's like it came down from the fishing heavens and just said be a shaky head. Usually this time of year, they will start to get on any sort of, you know, main lake point, even like offshore shallow stuff and the lakes will sometimes draw down. This lake is down quite a bit right now. You know, a calm day, you don't have the wind to get that spinner bait, crank bait bite going, which is really good in the fall, top water as well. I like to get that shaky head and just give it that old drag. Give it that old dragger till you run into something good. You know, a stump or a patch of rocks. Just drag it along until you hit that and then just pop it a little bit. Here we go. Little spotted bass. Let him go. Little spotted, buddy. Doing a little offshore looking right here because I'm just seeing a lot of random fish look deep, like on the bottom. You know, in like 20, there's a couple of drops. Just in general, fish are like on the bottom out here in 20. You'll go fast, they need a 30. Turn it around on me, I gotta go to the front. What the deuce, man? The deuce. I'll leave to go to the elk woods for a week. Come back, the fish, it's kind of weird. They seem to be deeper. Than what I would expect. I don't know if we had a recent rain that made them push deeper, just seeing a lot of marks like the shad or not. God, I'm seeing a lot of marks. We're gonna do a little test here. Just came across a brush pile that I've never fished. Just run down the bank, just found one. And it looked just oozing with crappie.  Out there in that deep stuff. Little dangle bug here for the crappie. Good Lord, can't even get a crappie to nibble. That is concerning. Ah, they even want to talk about it. Specimen of a rock drag. A rod tip, just loving it. It's getting in there and just a boom, boom, boom. Feeling those rocks. Should connect, but I'm not. Clumps up, man. Something ain't right, they ain't biting my lure like they're supposed to. Gonna make me sneak up in that deer blind, son.  You gonna get me on them bucks. There's a dude just riding the daggoms earth board out here. Oh, wow, it's interesting. Looks fun. The only thing I haven't tried yet is going in some shallow water. Look, some of the backs of these creeks. I'm seeing shad at the surface right now. That one's got it. Dropped it, no, he's still got it. Oh my gosh, I haven't done it for a long time. Okay.  Dagger. Can't buy bite. Cannot buy a bite. From that little disaster. Look at these little lamps stepping. Kinda cool. I didn't fish all the way till dark, dark because I wanted to make sure I was here for Emi because she wanted to see me before she goes to bed. She and Steph went to the state fair today. How are we doing? Beth? It's been a long day. It's been a long day? Yeah, we went to the state fair today. Hi, dad. If I don't have great hair tomorrow morning. Okay, if Stephanie asked, I definitely covered my tomato soup before I put it in the microwave. All right? That red stuff wasn't not me. Emi, tell me about your day at the state fair. You had fun, did you see Big Tex? I did. You did, was he big? Yeah. How big? Yeah. He was bigger than me. Oh, that's pretty tall. What else happened? Did you see some zoo animals? Yeah, I did. Farm animals? Yeah. What about rides? Yeah, I did. Did you get a funnel cake? I did. What about cotton candy? No, we did. What about hot dogs? We did not. Corn dogs? We did not. What about deep fried Oreos? No. Oh my goodness, you missed out on so much. I just had a lemonade. You had a lemonade? Yes, I know the kind of food. You love lemonade, and you love popsicles. Sure, great. Oh, did I get that in my house? Yeah. Well, you didn't miss anything at the lake. Mommy and daddy did not realize it was Corbis Day, and the lake was packed, and so was the state fair. Yeah, we chose wrong today. I didn't want to see my baby, but what did? Let's go see him. Show me baby Ben. He's probably exhausted, huh? Yeah, he is. He's pretty tired. You got a bruise on your chin. So we were filming a little home vlog yesterday. OSG, all right, turn that down. Right at the end, we had already signed it off. I was watching football. I was kind of getting in the nap, and I just hear crash. And that was the signal something had gone wrong. And then I go over, I just pick him up, and I look down, and my shirt is covered in blood. And she had flipped over, and her chin hit her jaw or something. And her chin hit the chair, and it hit her, I don't know, cost something. Somehow it hit her teeth. We thought she had knocked her teeth out or something. Or bit off her tongue.  You're OK. You want to show them your chin? A little boo-boo? Yeah, you got a little boo-boo. It's your first big boo-boo. Really?   I'm proud of you. Take it.  OK. I'm glad you can harness that spirit of the orange dog. Fight through the pain. And it's probably not stopping you from eating those sweets. Like your gummies. Oh yeah, I see. Your teeth look good. The backside of them looks good. I'm just yawning. I'm just yawning. Anyway, we had one of those like parenting moments. Like, oh my gosh, we're going to have to go to the dot. But anyway, it's fine. She's fine. And Ben slept through the whole thing. That's the other good news. So I think folks want to know this book that we've been hearing about. It's coming. The year. Is it actually coming? It is. I mean, the publishers told me today that I'm supposed to get an update today about it. You're trying to touch this? I can't just tell them that the pre-sale is open. Yeah. Because pre-sale is open. If it's open? Pre-sale is open. I just cannot give you a guaranteed date of when it comes out. So it'll shift at the end of October. I just can't give you an exact date. But there's a link. OK, there'll be a link down below. I'm pretty sure my dad already got a copy. Oh, my parents have already got copies. So your biggest fans. And we don't even have an official copy yet. I wish we did. I did. OK. All right. Oh. Hey, Ann. Can I hold you? Yeah. OK. All right. So anyway, it is busy around here with Ben and Emmy. And I'm proud of you for all and amongst all of that being pregnant and you got a book done. A long book. It's over 100 pages. It's 180. 180 pages of delectable treats. So anyway, if you guys got a sweet tooth, notice my other does, links down below for OSG's goodness.  Well, guys, I didn't really know where this vlog was going when I started it. And yeah, I still don't really know where it's going. I just finished editing the elk video. And it's my first time getting back out on the water. And I actually talked to a fishing freak when I was getting off the water and he was saying that it has sucked lately. I didn't understand where was the white bass, the crappie I dropped down on. Not happening. There's a few weeks either at the end of September, sometime in September or early October where that happens. And I think that's where we're at right now. So we really needed to cool down quite a bit more for it to get good again. But this is usually where I end my nights. I come in here and I get ready for the next adventure, be able to tackle or hunting stuff. I do a lot of knife maintenance. I got a new Skinner for this season. I'm sort of a barky, I guess you could say, I'm a bark river fan. I'm always kind of checking out what they got going on, what's popping out. And they made a new addition to the UP series in an EDC size. It's like under four inches and it's thin. That's what you want with a Skinner. I got that Canadian style little sway back on it, it's going to be good for doing that right there. And I learned something on some new cleaning knives. I'm going to test it out. I went and got a couple of different knives that are extremely cheaper than my usuals right over the nice leather case and the O-Candles and all that stuff. But anyway, I'm going to be experimenting that on that with my next meet session when I get some animals down. I don't know if this is possible, but I would like to get Emmy in a deer blind to see some deer for the first time and I'm definitely going to take Stephanie out there and try to get her on her deer, but you know, maybe it's just a tornado and we love her. We love her to death. She's just, she's got so much energy. She just can't help it. Anyways, I'm going to sign it off. Godspeed and good luck in the great outdoors whether you're in the woods or you're getting on the water. I hope you snatch them up. I hope your arrows and your bullets are flying straight. I'll see you guys on the next one.


Kiitos paljon, että olen tämän seminaarin. Minun ulkoma on varmasti erittäin erittäin, että koko ajan on tämä konferenssi, koska en ole ulkomaan ulkomaan, mutta olen epidemiologiasta ja joten olen tullut tämän asioon aika erittäin yksinkertaisesti kuin nämä teille. Mutta tämä on minun taito, että omistaa, mutta se on hyvin pyrkyn, mutta olen V pursuing our focus because I will mainly talk about how human anthropometrics can be used as an indicator of childhood living conditions, especially childhood nutrition and how human anthropometrics is associated with adult health especially in chronic diseases. But just to bit motivate this presentation, this is probably very clear, childhood is very important part of human life, There is a lot of speculation and quite a lot of evidence as well that under nutrition in childhood it has a very long lasting effect on human metabolism. But also there may be more behavioural factors explaining the association between childhood and adult health because we learn also many health habits at home. So we can think that there is also this kind of behaviour factors explaining associations between childhood and adulthood. It's very difficult to measure human nutrition because of course we could use surveys but it is notoriously difficult to measure nutrition even in adulthood and not to speak in childhood. On the other hand we can use register based information collected by United Nations but it gives only information about food consumption in an area level but we don't know anything about how this food is distributed within populations. And so as Yuko will explain in her presentations height has been used quite a lot as indicator of childhood nutrition especially in history of economics. But also it can be used in modern-day epidemiology because human growth is very sensitive for nutrition and so we can think that if there is an unknown nutrition for this particular child it can be seen as a shorter body height. This is just to illustrate how important phase of life childhood is in the formation of the adult anthropometrics. It is of course very important for height because height doesn't change anymore in adulthood except slight shrinking, shrinking old age. But this is this trait correlation and we can see that already at five years of age the correlation with adult height is about point eight. And even for BMI it's quite height it's point six but then it's rapidly increasing and so there is strong tracking in BMI also between childhood and adulthood. There is of course some decrease here just because of the puberty. And because we had twin data used in this study we were able to decompose this correlation to genetic and environmental correlations and maybe not surprisingly most part of this correlation between childhood and adulthood in height was explained by genetic correlation. It's here it's even higher than this trait correlation and there's also a strong genetic correlation in explaining BMI between childhood and adult BMI. And this is because you already told that height can be used as an indicator of childhood living conditions. At the population level height is very much differences in height is very much explained by genetic factors. We have studied in this slide by using twin studies from different populations how much genetic and environmental factors contribute the differences in height within these populations. And we can see that around 80% of the variation of height is because of the genetic differences between individuals. But there's also about from 20 to 10% of the variation can be explained by some factors common for these coat fins. And they can be for example some factors related to childhood socioeconomic background or these type of factors served by coat fins. And then we have about same amount of the variation is explained by specific environmental factors for each twin individual and this also includes a measurement error. So they may be some real environmental factors affecting individually for both twins but also some part of this variation is just because of the measurement error. And we can use this at the population level even when major part of this variation is because of genetic differences. We can use height as indicator of like in economy or like general welfare. And this is an example about the two Nordic countries, my home country Finland and Sweden. And this is how the height, adult height vary according to birth cohort. And Finland before the second birth war Finland was a pretty poor country about the level of the current developing countries. And we can see it as a shorter adult mean height in these cohorts born before second birth war. And this is seen first in both men and women. But when we come these cohorts born after second birth war we see that this difference in mean height it has rapidly decreased. And this will demonstrate that how sensitive this mean body height of the population is to other indicators of the economy in this nation. And this is just some global indicators about stunting of preschool children. And this well corresponds the results that you could show us about childhood mortality. We see that this prevalence is very high in African countries. But that is for me is quite surprising or even shocking that it is very high also in India. Because India is not maybe it's a poor country or middle income country. But it's much more affluent country that many African countries. And this may be because of the pure hygiene level in many areas of India. So this is not necessary only because of the cross national product of this kind of economic indicators. But it can also be because of the level of childhood diseases. But what is the importance of height for diseases. In this study we look at the association between height in childhood and adult mortality from cardiovascular in coronary heart disease in this slide. And this shows that one increase in the standard deviation of this adult this childhood height. It's associated with the lower risk of coronary heart disease. This is hazard ratios and so these hazard ratios lower than one indication lower risk to die from coronary heart disease. And we can see that this is especially high in adult in childhood. It's somewhat this association somewhat decrease coming closer to one in when looking this later later height. And so this indicates that especially childhood height would be the most informative indicator of the nutrition. And when look at adult height there's some catch up growth and so this association become somewhat weaker. But still even if you look at adult height we can still find an association between tall stature and lower risk of coronary heart disease or other cardiovascular diseases. But this association between height and health it's not limited only to physical diseases. In this study we analyzed the association between height and cognitive performance of elderly twins in Finland and Denmark. This may be a bit difficult to read this table but I have summarized the main message of this table here. And we can see that there is those elderly persons who are short. So they have lower cognitive performance in their old age than those who are tall ones. And we can see a very similar trend both in Finland and in Denmark. So please don't pay attention on these absolute numbers because this we use the same score here. But this Danish elderly persons were much older when the survey was conducted. And that's why this level of the cognitive performance is lower in this Danish survey. But still this height gradient is exactly the same. However at the moment under nutrition it's not so much problem anymore even in middle income societies. It's over nutrition it's become much more important problem. However it's surprising that these two opposites parts of nutrition they are not necessarily contradictory. Because we can find in societies we are actually suffering on double burden. That they suffer both from malnutrition and for excess nutrition. And this can also be clustered in the same families. For example we can well think that if the nutrition is poor quality people, the children may develop lack of different micronutrients. But still they have too much energy and so they develop obesity in childhood, in adulthood. And of course obesity is associated with a lot of chronic diseases. And this is a map of childhood overweight in different countries. And we see that it's especially difficult in Mexico and in United States even higher in Mexico. And then it's not so big problem in Asia and actually very low prevalence in Japan. And this results for girls. This actually is very big difference between Finland and Japan. Finland here and Japan here. We started to analyze socio-economic differences in BMI in Helsinki. And in Toyama, in civil servants. And we found that in Helsinki there is a very steep gradient socio-economic gradient in BMI. So that those who are in manual workers they have a higher BMI than those who are managers. But in Japan not only the level of BMI is much lower but in Japan we couldn't find any evidence about this. So socio-economic gradient. And the results are very similar for females as well.  Just like in height also for BMI, the most part of the individual differences come from genetic factors. This is a meta-analysis of 19 studies. And we found that over the childhood and adolescence from 70 to 90% of the variation after meat childhood can be explained by genetic factors. However, this genetic component is not independent of environment. In this study we found that those who have high physical activity actually this genetic variation is lower than those who have sedentary lifestyle. And so you can by physical exercise you can suppress the genetic effect on obesity. And the very similar results were found in molecular genetic studies. This is genetic risk score of 16 known alleles of BMI. And we can see that in those who have a high genetic risk score of obesity they have a big difference between those who are physically active and those who are inactive. But we see only little difference in those who have at the low level of this genetic risk score. So couple of general conclusions. Childhood nutrition it has long lasting health effects. It has effects not only on physical health but also mental health. And like in these two previous presentation also this emphasises how important it is that we invest for belast nutrition in childhood. Because it has a very long lasting effects even decades. However, in western societies and increasingly also middle income societies, obesity is actually becoming more important problem than malnutrition. And hopefully we can get more information about this in the future. Because these genetic and environmental factors they are not operating independently but there is interaction effect also. And so hopefully in the future we can get more information that how this kind of macro environment how it modifies socio-economic differences and genetic differences affecting BMI. I'm just finishing soon. This is just to show that what information we will get in the future. This is new coded twins project time I'm heading and we have collected information on about 50 pink hearts from 22 countries. Information about height and BMI and also education and some baseline information and it's collected here in Helsinki. And hopefully based on this database we can get more information how macro environment modifies the genetic and environmental variation in height. Just thank you very much for all you and all twins. We have about half a million twins in this register and these two ones. Very young twins from Osaka Twin Festival. I was fortunate to participate last year and thank you for listening.