Welcome to the session on fragment and replicate join in the parallel databases. This is one of the inter-operation technique. At the end of this session you will be able to apply this fragment and replicate join on given relations. So earlier we have seen some inter-operation parallelism techniques like parallel sort operation, parallel join operation in that we have seen partition join also. So the videos are available for this one. Today we will be talking about fragment and replicate join which is one of the parallel join technique. So this fragment and replicate join basically used where the non-equi-joint conditions are there. For example, you can say that where partitioning is not possible for the semi-joint conditions that is equality conditions. Like non-equi-joint conditions you may say the relation r with attribute a which is greater than relation s attribute b something like that. So the conditions which we are taking for comparison operator may be except equal to that is equi-joint. So basically fragment and replicate join is more suitable for non-equi-joint conditions. So the operations may be not equal to greater than equal to less than equal to less than greater than some of the things. So consider this example the query is something like that select name, mean price, maximum price, price, city from person joins with apartment on apartment id not equal to persons apartment id and price between minimum price and maximum price. So this is one of the query example. Let us see that how this will be executed for fragment and replicate join later I will show you the example relations also we will understand better there. So for joins where partitioning is not applicable. So what happens that everywhere for every join operation partitions may not be applicable ok, but we want to do the parallelization in that one. So in that case we are using fragment and replicate join ok. So fragment and replicate join is used for two things one is for the non-equi-joints and another one where partitioning is not applicable where we cannot do the partitioning. Now this fragment and replicate join is having one special case also which is called as asymmetric fragmented replicate join. Let us go ahead with the explanation about this one. There are few considerations here that one of the relations say R is partition. So what we are doing in the special cases which we call it as a asymmetric fragment and replicate join. So in this one one of the relation is partition and another relation is replicated therefore it is called as fragmented replicate. So here say that R is partition relation R and S we are taking. So relation R is partition and we can apply any partitioning technique on that one and the other relation S is replicated ok. Basically here what happens that if we have relation R and S where R is having more number of tuples than S then the bigger relation which is having large number of tuples is partition and the smaller one which is containing less number of tuples say S here that is replicated. And what the processor PI locally is doing as every processors are having the partition RI and the replicated version of relation called as S. So locally it is doing the join operation of RI with S. Let us see that in detail more later. So this is the depiction of fragment and replicate join where basically there are two forms here one is the this is the special case that is asymmetric fragment and replicate join and this is the fragmented actual fragmented replicate join. See here in the first one that is asymmetric fragment and replicate join which is the special case we can see in this one. What will happen that one of the relations say R we have seen earlier that R is partition so you can see the partitions here that is R0, R1, R2, R3 like this and the table the relation S is replicated. So the same copy is given to processor P0, P1, P2 and P3. So now how these are joining taking the join operation R0 joins with S, R1 joins with S, R2 joins with S, R3 joins with S. So here what happens every tuple of relation R is mapped with every compared with every tuple of relation S using this one then too we have done the parallelism here. Now another form is this one the actual fragment and replicate join. What has been done in this one that in this one both the relations are partitioned actually that is you can see here that R0, R1, R2, R3. So these are partition even S0, S1, S2, S3 these are also partition. What is replicated here see in this line you can see that horizontally if we are going for so how the join operation is taking place that is P0, 0 is doing the join operation of R0 with S0, P01 is doing the operation of R0 with S1, P02 is doing the join operation of R0 with S2 so on. So what will happen here that R0 is replicated on every processor whereas S is now fragmented you can see here partition. Similarly at this site what will happen that processor P00 is doing the join operation of R0 and S0, processor 1 0 is doing the join operation of R1 S0, processor P2 0 is doing the join operation of R2 S0. So here what happens S0 is replicated and what is partition that is relation R here. So these are the forms of the fragment and replicate join. Let us move ahead with some example. So the general case here what we are doing is it is reducing the size of the relations at each processor the normal fragment and replicate join requires more number of processor we have seen earlier also how you can see here that the partitions are these many but the processors are these one. Let us see how many processors we require here. So what is the scenario R is partitioned into n partitions you can say R0, R1, Rn-1, S is partitioned into m partitions S0, S1, SM-1. So we have n partitions of R, m partitions of S and we can apply any partitioning technique here. There might be how many number of processors are required m multiplied by n, why we have seen earlier okay the number of processors requires are more and we are labeling them like this one. What the PIJ processor we is doing it is taking the join operation of partition RI with partition SJ okay. In this case what happens RI is replicated to PI0. Similarly in the horizontally we have seen that SI is replicated to these processors okay and we can apply any joining technique for this one. Let us take an example here these are the example relations you can see there are two examples the person relation and the apartment we have two relations and we have the same query taken on this one and we want to do the join operation parallee you can see this is the data available and this is the query earlier we have seen this query that is we want to select name, minimum price, maximum price. So name, minimum price and maximum price from these one price and city from this relation and what is the join condition we want to do the join operation on person and apartment on where apartment ID okay ID of this one okay not equal to persons apartment ID so this one okay where it is not matching those one we want to get the data and what should be another condition and the price should be between minimum price to and maximum price whatever minimum and maximum is there that price we have to get the data from these one okay. So let us see the example with both the techniques. So this is a symmetric fragment and replicate join you can see here that the table I have to study here to show you properly so this is my table this table person table I have taken here and this is the apartment table and what we have done here person table I have divided with two partitions so the partitions are these one you can see this is partition zero and this is partition one whereas the replication of apartment relation is this one so this particular table is replicated at P0 also and it is replicated at P1 also okay and now what P0 is doing P0 is parallelly doing the join operation of partition P0 partition of this particular person data with the replicated data of apartment similarly persons and other partition parallelly is doing the join operation with the again apartment relation why because apartment relation is copied you can say replicated so that is what a symmetric fragment and replicate join is let us go ahead with another technique the actual fragment and replicate join for your purpose I have I have done like this so this is my person table which is fragmented into partitions partition 0 and partition 1 of person relation similarly the relation which is apartment I have taken into two partitions so this is partition P0 of apartment and partition P1 of apartment and now what we this processor will do P00 is doing the join operation of partition 0 with partition 0 of this similarly it is doing partition 0 of relation person with partition 1 of relation apartment similarly here also it is doing the partition the join operation of person 0th partition of person with the 0th partition of apartment similarly here also so automatically what happens all the every tuples of one relation are mapped compared with another relation but parallelly every processor is working here all these processors that is processor P00 P01 P10 P11 all these are parallelly working so again the same scenario we have two relations we have the query pause the video and try to write the result of this query so let us see what will be the result the result is like this you can see that the data the person ID which is not matching with this one okay apartment ID and this ID we have seen that apartments ID not equal to persons apartment ID so those data we have taken here and again another condition is what minimum price and maximum price the price should be between 40,000 to this one you can see for NA okay what is the apartment ID to so we are not taking the apartment ID to for NA we are taking the other apartment data so for one if we are matching we will see that the price is 30,000 which is in between the minimum and maximum so we will get this data here you can see that that data come here two will not come because it is matching three for three we can say that it is the condition is what the condition is this one so it will come down here again okay so like this it works so what we can say for fragment and duplicate join both the versions are working for every tuple of R is mapped with every tuple of S okay it is having higher cost because you can you can see that the partitioning is also there the replication is also there so basically it is having higher cost but more parallelism is implemented in this one okay but usually the symmetric fragment and replicate is preferable these are my references thank you


I was in attendance at the Lions Rams game and it was an absolute nightmare to watch this man nine receptions 181 yards and a touchdown. He actually broke multiple records He has the rookie record for receptions and yards in the regular season and the most receiving yards by a rookie in a playoff game all of that and he's not gonna win offensive rookie of the year because CJ Stroud is also unbelievable that being said EA is criminally hoeing CJ Stroud He doesn't have a new card yet.  He is still technically white. So I understand. Is he technically white? I think my favorite part of this card is he's got 87 break tackle.   The pack-and-play squad does not need wide receivers. We have limited Zay flowers We have limited Amari Cooper. We have limited Tyrae. I would love to add Puka Nakua This team is obviously looking insane if you guys were wondering we could use some help on the offensive line We could use some different linebackers as Kenneth Murray's a little mid.  Jamel Dean's got to get out of there He sold last game the rest of this team is amazing kind of hard to complain when you've got a God squad Especially when you play wheel of mud. All right, I'm actually gonna start out with the Warriors of the week though I don't know if you guys remember a while back But I pulled three limited in one pack and it was actually one of these back if they just want to go And give me Puka here. I don't got to give EA anything extra. We're gonna start out team of the week You know what that's actually really good for us. We need that so that I can replace Kenneth Murray I like the Ante Johnson.  CJ greatest rookie ever Stroud has a 91 overall and Derek homeless man bum Flip my motherfucking burger car has a 95 limited. What? Ever bro, honestly, I don't know. I'm bitching.  I'm just kidding Derek car You don't deserve this hate. I just gave you 95 Derek. You know, it's crazy. He's actually better than Herbert He's probably a lot better than Herbert. He's better in every single statistical category He's tied and throw under pressure. This is a throwback. So if you're wondering why Derek Carr got it They do like a throwback to a previous game where they had a really good game So in week 18 last year, he had 264 yards and four touchdowns That's actually a monster game It is a nasty card and it is a new starting quarterback, but damn I wanted the boy puka. Sorry Derek car You didn't deserve all that. I just you know, I was in a mood So I said what I said and I don't take it back He's got gunslinger or gift wrapped at a discount feel like I'm gonna run both either way. So let's go gunslinger You got to get high-route master, right? He doesn't get high-route master. Wow. He's a field general and he doesn't get it I'm so confused. Well, I'll give him gift wrapped and gunslinger for a total of two AP It'll free up a lot of AP on our offense and we're gonna try out Derek Carr over Justin Herbert Gotta love seeing that Tokyo drift, baby That's always a good time and then we have the finale champion pack This is the big boy. We'll also get a guarantee 94 overall champ. I prefer Bryce Huff here There's Bryce Huff and Niko come you can't get a limited Asti pulls today. See so that's so misleading.  It's awesome I ain't mad about it.  This comes with a 91 plus This is not the 91 or 94. This is a true 91 plus quay walker once again So we do already have him then this is the 91 or 94 plus now come coach Yeah, I don't know how you say his last name, but welcome to the team, buddy I'm gonna hit best lineup because that should put Derek Carr in it's got Zay puka's not wide receiver one and a Mari's at wide receiver three most we're gonna put puka nakua at slot just so that he gets in all the positions I want him to be I wonder what abilities this puka get outside apprentice and slot apprentice So we actually do need this. I'm gonna give him a slot apprentice. He should be in the slot pretty often I'm also gonna give him mid in elite because I want to use this card and then I'm gonna give him double me So Justin Herbert was five AP so we can turn him off to under a car We got three on puka nakua and we are fully geared out and their car looking like he's gonna have a game I'm excited for him defensively just minor adjustments. So we've got lurk artist Murray lurk artist to Mario Davis Back a middle linebacker is quay and quay Interesting he doesn't actually get any discounted abilities and he doesn't get lurk artists So this isn't the best card in the world. Honestly linebackers are so useless without this ability completely useless without it I still like quay walker though quay walker such a good budget card. I asked. I bet this quay walkers got at least 89 speed Damn.   I guess only thing. We really didn't get was a corner I still got to get Jamel Dean out of here, bro There's no corners really that I could have pulled so down the line We'll get that short up But for now we've got a beautiful team that is ready to play ball also a huge Thank you to football head coach for sponsoring today's video in football head coach you take over an NFL team You can improve your roster and collect all your favorite NFL stars. I've been grinding on my team I've got Rodgers at quarterback Camara at running back and AJ Browns my best wide receiver Now there's tons of ways to improve your team You can open packs you can play matches and you can buy players from the transfer market and right now I'd like to get a better tight end for example There's this team of the year pack right here. It's gonna have five players in it You're guaranteed an 84 plus and you got a small chance to get a crazy good player Let's see what I can do to improve my roster right now first back here. It's a corner on defense It's a rare gold player. Wait a minute 85 overall. Hey Yo, I got AJ Brown on offense. I got Darius lay on defense. We also got Trey Hendrickson Tyler Bass Derek Nadia and Trey Turner I like it. We'll go for one more right here. I've got an 84 overall gold player. This is another corner It's zavy and Howard. We also got the linebacker Josh Allen. I'm gonna open the big boy pack This is the mega elite gold pack. You get tons of good players in this I got a team of the week an 85 overall team of the week defensive end. Hey Dante Fowler Jr. I'll take that Brandon Graham 89 Marlin Humphrey Fletcher Cox Harrison Smith, dude I got some studs right here. All right, let's go upgrade our roster after the upgrades for a 77 on offense I got an 83 defense my defense got crazy good Fletcher Cox Brandon Graham Marlin Humphrey Daniel Hunter Kevin Bayard All right now. Let's play a match. I've got a crazy overall advantage on my opponent should probably take it up here Winning 101 to zero not bad not bad at all That's got to be an NFL record Football head coach is awesome and there's tons more to do in the game You'll have to download it yourself to check it out You can click the link in the top of the description or you can scan the QR code on screen to download Make sure to check it out and enjoy the rest of the video Derek Karpuk and Akua James cook two new Top three members Richardson Gilmore barber. It's like reverse wheel of mud. I've got the upper hand Keep in mind that the 40 bomb applies so I could open that Immaculate pack here for packing play squad It is not only a wheel of mud factor and when my packing play squad is this good. It's Definitely should be able to do something. Oh my god. What is he doing such bad kick return coverage?  Is he considered a slot-wide receiver here? He definitely is so we can give him additional hot routes give him a corn routes see how he does Oh, that's so unbelievably open. In fact, if I had a little more field That's a touchdown with all packing place if we get a record breaker We got to break the record again. So Puka Nakua in his playoff debut had 181 yards That's the record.  I thought that was there. I didn't throw a very good ball now This defense is absolutely monstrous. Oh juke juke. Oh, I'm going to equal in here probably a similar play.  I thought I played that so well. This is a run I got a hop-on melee cooker and oh, it's an RPO. Can we get off the block? Good luck getting off those blocks. I think he's shading outside so that I can't throw that that's okay We'll take Tony here. Oh, there he is. Oh, oh, oh, this is the one Just don't get why he's not on Puka's son either way. He leaves a you gotta hit say flowers when he's that open He's so fast. I would give him the post. He's on Jack Campbell. I can't I gotta go say again I'm just gonna go Puka here. Give it to him. Oh, look at that fight. Oh my god That's a greasy first down. He hits the deck. I'm going James cook.   I've missed this throw a few times recently unfortunately Got it. Oh good move Tony. Gee, but it's not enough. Got to Mario. He throws middle big Oh, I need the avalanche out of growing there. He's ran this a few times.  Oh, maybe not. No, don't let him. Is this there for you? What did I say? Oh That's just too easy of a throw to pass up. We'll go James cook down low. Oh, it's still so open. What a throw Derek Who could a coup has got double me activated? Oh, he's look at his zone drop. It's so deep That's fine because it's gonna leave James cook wide open under there We just stay no huddle here. If he drops that deep again, we just hit James cook Nope. Now.   That's double me, baby I knew this was a ripoff he goes RP. Oh Absolutely smothered The RPO spam is real Whoo fourth and 70 goes down. Does he punt here? No, that's an actual punt It's a really low pun really weak pun. I've never returned to pun. I will say that got some time There's puka good pocket presents take what we can get that is so open Let's go in a coup. Whoa, but we're gonna break a record with Nakua.   Can we watch that back? Why did the double team just give up? There's Nakua doing his thing. I say it's kind of nice to have that extra room. Maybe I'm happy.  I don't expect him to get in range But it's possible. He does get ball a half though. So yeah, you know, we just got a play ball here He goes right here. No, oh nice ball. Oh, we got a break that up basically the same play. Whoa, whoa No, you did not.  Oh my god. He animated forward for four yards. I had two dudes on him Get that ball out. Don't let's get it and I'm just under that too He's 15 for 15 nice ball That was good pocket presence in a good ball. I'm not mad about that one. We got a score really quick I just need him to continue to be on offense so that he can make a mistake and I can win this game Who can Nakua sitting at a hundred thirty three yards and seven receptions. He's getting there beauty and He gets the knockout. All right got to throw it to him sooner and just possession it that way We don't even got to think about. Oh, that's not play action Blocked five against four got instantly screamed on how dude. There he is. I Think I think he just got the record. I'm not sure though. There's Nakua stay in front good catch Let's see if this makes him think twice. I'm going for it.  That's a bummer right there. All right.  Oh That was ugly. Oh That was Did he whiff that?  Who's there? Well, I guess it doesn't matter does it if I can't score from the one I don't deserve to win That's kind of just that's just football, right? Oh He just runs it.  I don't even know what to say. I don't even know what to say I'm gonna see if puka can get all the way over on this post. Ooh, he sure can Nice work puka nice move.  We take Zay. He's put he's putting everybody at Nakua It's gonna go James Cook nice James cook remembered out of all Gonna cool. Oh It's honestly the craziest wide receiver game I've ever had but I'm playing everything else so poorly So I don't know if we come up with the win. I don't know. I mean it's possible. There's a two-minute warning I only have two timeouts anything is possible. Yeah, I assume we're just gonna see a lot of runs here We got to try and pop this ball out. Oh, I knew that was coming. I still couldn't get to it Beautiful tackle right there on third and six Hey Get through fourth and 14. Does he punt this? So here's the thing though guys like I fully sold this game because he's pointed to me twice I've only converted three touchdowns. I've thrown interceptions Turn the ball over on the one you're never gonna win a game of mad playing like that. So So the good news about what he's doing here is he's shading outside to stop the puka corner out But that means that the Zae flower in breaking route is just absolute money I get out of bounds every time I do that second and four. That's fine. You go ahead and take that I'll go Tony G take what we can get. Let's go. No huddle here. Sit in the pocket be patient. Oh Let's go Derek.  Oh my god. That was Disgusting they was so close to stepping out of bounds to and that would have came back We p a t this and then it all comes down to the on side about ooh, that's a little short on the power and the accuracy I don't know if that can go Yeah, I can't darn. That's a bad kick gee geez yo bears put up an awesome game Unfortunately, I can't message him cuz he's on PC. But if you see this video Gee geez, and he had a worse overall team. So that's extra impressive how he was playing 416 yards three touchdowns three interceptions rushing Barry had that one absolute nuke. I don't even know how he did that He was so much faster than everybody on my team somehow. That's how you break a record right there 14 receptions 254 yards and two touchdowns out of pukka. Good. That's an amazing game for him Marvin Harrison was crazy to with three touchdowns. What's the fantasy stats on this boys? 39.4 plus 12 51.4 fantasy points plus. I think he had a two-point conversion.  Hope you boys enjoyed We broke our record. We got puka and we got Derek so both the limits. Hope you guys enjoyed. I'll see you in the next one Peace


Good morning everyone. Welcome to another week in my life log. It is Monday morning I'm about to go take Coco on a walk and then I'm gonna do a diva Workout at some point. Um, I'm getting back on my fitness grind this week a personal trainer was so kind And she made me a little plan so I'll show you guys that and then show you guys her Instagram if you guys want the same but There's no excuses now. So I'm getting back. I'm gonna work out grind Stayed almost been lifted in Texas, but you know, I'm still staying home. Also guys I actually look at that such a I would show you more but it's like basically my boob. Um Such as minor minor minor tan line guys. I'm aware but that's good for me Okay, it's better than nothing and we're getting there laid out all day yesterday You guys saw my Sunday vlog But anyways, I'm gonna go take a look Coco on a walk come back to iced coffee Listening to a podcast Coco is so excited cannot stop thinking about getting a golden doodle. I just won't it's so bad All right guys, um, I just did honestly like kind of a two-hour diva That's the best part about quarantine. I accidentally miss out that I just have so much time for things But I'm going to start my workout. It's 11 30. So this is way later lately. This is what's happening to me I will have I don't know what I did there Anyways, I will have no problems falling asleep at like 10 and then I'll wake up at 3 a.m And I literally cannot go back to bed like the entire night So I think I was up for like four or five hours. Anyways, so I slept in a little bit today But it's just so weird. I know a lot of us are having sleeping problems But like I wake up in the middle of the night wide awake and I cannot go back to bed And so knowing I've never had sleeping problems before so that's really annoying. Anyways, this is my program. This is My fitness routine basically for quarantine. I am gonna do this I love Melissa Woodhouse as well, but I also love having this so I'm going to do this This is my first day, but I'll show you guys and kind of take you guys along with me on My new fitness routine from home I'm also getting my garage finished and I'm gonna make part of that a gym And I kind of think I'm almost becoming an at-home fitness person. It's kind of odd So we will see I guess Finished my workout. Oh, it was a really great workout Basically, I just pulled her like what I want like I always want just like toning and like elongating My body essentially like what Pilates says It was a great workout So I'm really excited for my gym is actually done so update to get your gym floors sealed It can be like a thousand to like twenty five hundred dollars depending on the size of your garage Basically like who I why would I ever want to spend that money? So anyways, my set dad has sealed like multiple of our house's garages So I got a Kevin Home Depot and that's coming in and when that comes in he's gonna come my floors and then It's gonna become it's like my next project part.  Hopefully love sacks Like it's comfy. You know what I mean? It's definitely still oh my gosh guys Sunburn, um, it's definitely still gonna be like more mature Do you guys see this tan line? Sorry to point out my boobs, but I'm just saying everyone Okay, but it's definitely gonna be More like mature kind of like my house like not crazy youthful, but it's gonna be more youthful I'll have like Polaroids up and it'd be cute. Anyways, I had to go shower and I have a big to-do list today So I'm actually gonna go work in my office, which I haven't really been doing. All right, everyone. Um, I have showered I feel so much better. I'm just wearing like the most lounge clothes. I think I even own. I'm really hungry. Thank God I have leftover spicy fusilli downstairs. I'm gonna have that for lunch. It's a really heavy lunch But it's what sounds good right now. So I also use the drunk elephant detangle spray the yellow one and My hair smells so incredible now because of it like it's actually just the best You know shampoo and conditioner is that just like leave a lasting Smell and it just like makes me mean your room smell good That's the best comment down below once I do that because that is like my biggest qualification With what I want. I'm having a little lunch break before I get into my work. I think tomorrow I'm gonna do homework. I'll probably check in on it today. I don't know depends. There's a little cocoa This is only the best thing ever I'm actually going to edit it This is gonna be an IGTV already in my spicy fusilli John of Vinnie's inspired. I think I'm gonna watch a video I might watch Claudio's or something Backyard makeover. This is right on my alley right now. So this is definitely what I'm gonna watch. All right guys So it is 2 30. I Have been working so far today. Let me see what I've done doing a lot of work. I FaceTime Taylor We planned our podcast for later. I was trying to start editing, but it's just like my laptop's being really weird Anyways, um, I don't know if I've mentioned this in a vlog I think I may have my little brother stays here sometimes because obviously my parents are divorced and there's custody blah blah blah But he's supposed to come to Dallas and stay here and my my son was a doctor and she's cancer So it's just smarter for him to stay here Then like go there So he's been like kind of staying here like probably like once or twice a week But he just called me and told me he was ten minutes away Literally had no idea. So he's staying with me often nice because he helped me with my house. So it's been fun I've been drinking some coffee. I'm trying to edit this vlog guys I started a new book yesterday as you guys know normal people by Sally Rooney. I showed it in my last Vlog I'm halfway through already and I want to finish it today because I want to start a new book tomorrow When I get my Kindle, but tonight I'm recording with Taylor at 8 30, which is way past my bedtime So I'll be recording with her a lot for a while So I think I'm gonna actually just start recording now my garbage disposal is also broken So hopefully my brother can fix that and oh so I got new umbrellas and I need like weights to go over them Basically to hold them down upstairs even they give me the wrong umbrellas But I'm just gonna use them and they just replace the color, but anyways that is what is on the agenda for today I was gonna be very productive, but My laptop is just not really working with me. It is now 8 30 ish. I cannot remember the last time I even vlogged. I've been laying down for the past hour and a half probably watching a movie Because they're not watching a movie reading a book. I'm trying to finish my book. I'm almost suddenly at my 20% I'm at like 80% and I literally like heavy in my chest. It's so good But anyways, I'm gonna go record a Taylor tk for the next like two hours That's way past my bedtime off to the office We go my little brother has set up his gaming console all about stuff downstairs But I have my podcast set up always a mess and then my favorite snack ever.  All right guys are about to record wait Do you have a white hydro flask with you? I think this is some target on the same thing white water bottle. Oh, it's marble. Cute You have joined the call, but you are the only one here.  This is 40 people I finished normal people last night. I literally was just texting Maddie about the ending and I'm like I don't know if I loved it or hated the ending. I love the book, but Anyways, I know it's a series on up on Hulu. So I think I'm gonna watch it. Maybe I'm like really busy reading of my Kindle arrives tonight I'm gonna stop being a book vlogger at maybe honestly never can't stop won't stop, but Anyways, I'm gonna do my divo. I need to do my workout at some point. I need to like, you know Get my life together today, which I already happened, but oh, I'll stop the road of paper. See this is just not my day All right guys. I just did my workout. I really liked actually having a I really like the plan that my cute little personal trainer Sends me because it's really helpful and it makes me definitely Like be more motivated to work out and since I actually have like a specific plan every day I'm actually doing it. I'd say that on day two, but I'm feeling good All right guys, so I worked out. I showered. I'm ready for the day. Oh my gosh. She's open I'm about to make some lunch. I actually have a paper to write because I'm in summer classes I'm only in one not my other two don't start for like a month or so So get her at that paper today, which I'm not really looking forward to my Kendall is Almost here. I keep tracking it on Amazon and so I'm really excited I literally was like I have to shower get ready write my paper so then I can you know be fully dedicated and committed to my Kendall So I'm really excited. Also. I'm watching one of Keaton's vlogs and I like think I'm getting into tiktok I mean, I've been into tiktok clearly But like I want to do like styling videos too like these are the things I don't do which I should you know So I think I'm gonna start I hate that I didn't do a rooftop transformation It literally makes you like want to scream I'm gonna look through stuff that I have but we will see Okay guys 3 p.m. I Am so excited because my Kindle has arrived and I finished editing my video and I sent in all my files for the podcast Which took like legit forever. I'm gonna take my plate down, but my Kindle is here All right guys the day has come my Kindle oasis. I am so excited my little brother is playing video games He's literally turned my living room into a gaming. Oh my gosh. I'm just so excited. It's so thin. Oh My gosh, how do I I also guys I got a hat of just baseball cap I got a great one as well just from Amazon because I need to wear them on Look it if I wore my hat like this I need to wear on the rooftop because my scalp is getting sunburned Cody I just believe it or not don't want to hear gunshots in my house all the time It's just like not the Nora Jones Zen that I'm going for you know Yeah, yeah, yeah beautiful But I have a oh my gosh Sorry for the one piece of bread back there. It's just Cody, you know. Oh My gosh, it's so small and cute It's actually really small. I'm well, maybe I'm the same as the ipod pro that I'm like wait This is the smallest thing ever, but wow. Where's my own button right here guys.  Okay. I've never said I'm shook before my entire life. I don't know why I said that Charger, I hope it has a good battery life. I guess we'll see it's turning on This is just really exciting. I just like the size too because I'm just gonna throw it in my purse I always have it with me, you know, it'll be really great It's gonna take some getting used to I will say oh It's touchscreen With this small the screen Like it's really gonna get this is why Maddie didn't like it was because it's so small I will say it is really small Like I can't get over how small it is, but I also am used to is a seven-inch display I'm also used to the ipod pro. So that's probably why I'm gonna make me and my little brother some Corey special sandwiches so our cousin when we were younger Would always make these for us when I was like six. I don't even think you were luck. No, he was like one anyways It's just bread melted cheese turkey and barbeque sauce. I guess nothing crazy, but it's a family thing, you know Okay, I made my beautiful sandwich and my candle that I'm setting off. It's amazing. All right I'm listening to the skinny confidential Paula Abdul. I'm cooking. I'm making bolognese tonight I'm currently sauteing celery onions and carrots. I'm also cooking for my dad So that's currently and then tune all Mix in the ground beef and pork and Then my all-time favorite marinara sauce. It's so good. I'm using a recipe from the modern proper I like how their stuff is just kind of loose like it's not crazy specific, which I really really like so yeah This is the modern proper calm. It's super easy. This recipe is like so quick. Alright, so I finished the bolognese sauce Oh my gosh, this is really steaming up Looks so good. Who knew guys? I'm just really impressed with my chef skills. This is actually really easy though It is 850. Um, I just got off like Bible study And I was on my laptop for a second getting ready for tomorrow's upload But um, I think I'm gonna wash my face. I cannot wait because Here we go my first night reading with my candle So I need to go get ready for bed so I can just spend the next three hours reading All right, it's 9 p.m. I am having some smart sweets to celebrate my first night with my candle guys This is how it feels. I am and I'm gonna read I just literally guys Um, I didn't vlog yesterday. So today is now Thursday, but trying to think give you guys a little update Oh, yeah, Brooke and Danielle sent me like baked by Melissa cupcakes because they're like literally the cutest people ever So I had those last night and I just worked and did a bunch of stuff But my little brother is still here we I post this on my Instagram story But he's the hardest person to watch movies with because he's so picky and the key once a certain thing that like I would never Watch to my whole family feels this way But I finally convinced him that I think Harry Potter is our middle ground So we started watching the last night and then we both got tired So we're gonna finish watching it this morning. My life is so out of order part of me actually is really Now wanting to go back to my like super productive days But it's also been really nice and quarantined to this simplify life, you know what I mean But anyways, I'm gonna go downstairs. We're gonna finish Harry Potter I'm gonna do a bunch of computer work while I do that because I had a new episode go up I need to like answer some emails for your deals and stuff like that and Then today so one of my best friends staff who's been on my channel like since the hi. How are you girl? Oh Guys that was so cute She was just oh, okay So one of my best friends staff it was her birthday this week And I got her barefoot trains blanket forever ago because she loves mine But I want to go get her Susie cakes cake for her birthday as well and I really need to honestly go to Target to get like gift bags and Like maybe if I want to make like a recipe and stuff. It's so weird. Hi, Coco. You are so cute. Hi girl I'm a workout stuff because I need to work out yesterday was actually a mobility day So I didn't really do anything. I went on like a long walk, but yeah I wish I'd have logged yesterday. I honestly just kind of forgot. So I don't really know what's up guys I think hopefully I should be getting my misguided package and a few other things Gosh, she's so crazy Whoa Talked to my grandma the phone this morning for a bed like it's just been a good start to my morning I did my I just like literally can't explain the stock I did my 40-day prayer challenge on divo that a lot of you guys been getting it's the best one ever Like I'm sorry. Are you six months old? No, I just don't understand where this comes from Good morning everyone. Okay. I'm making my breakfast. We have toast Guys, I came downstairs and my brother had eaten everything in my pantry. So Oh, yeah, I don't know if I've mentioned this, but I've been drinking out of from this cold brew this week I'm just a colder viewer. I do like this one better than the Starbucks one for sure But the community and coffee a cold brew is obviously the best. It's just the best of all time I actually have this the community one of my friends, but I'm just trying to you know branch out And you guys know my favorite It was I want to say milk, but dairy-free milk, I guess it's so good Okay, guys, so many of you have been recommending the Maui babe tanning lotion or browning lotion For the fact that I literally never tan my mom was calling me So I'm ordering a bunch of their stuff to try it out to see if I like it I'm getting on a auto because on Amazon Prime. It's sold out for like two months So I have been working it for a little bit of time. I did my promo all that stuff I sent Jamie Krillima some flowers and all that she's had a baby boy. I don't know if she's working Anyways, I'm about to do my workout for the day and then I need a shower I actually ended up just ordering my groceries online because my little brother has Legit got through a hundred fifty dollars worth of groceries in four days I don't I need to know what family spend on groceries. So I ordered all those Um Koda, I need you to bring this up to when you get a chance and the boxes on my balcony needs to be taken down, too He's helping me with my boxes Are you you have to break them down today though because my you have to break all those down I'm gonna do my workout. It's just a core workout today It's pretty short nothing too crazy, and then I'm gonna get going. I need to go to Susie cakes Cody I'm so excited for you to have Susie cakes for the first time It is like literally the best cake you'll ever have so we're gonna have like a pool day on the rooftop Which is really fun, but yeah, I'm gonna do my workout and then get that going also guys my mask um I'm being like obviously. I know that Texas like are Actually tomorrow are like nail salons and hair salons and stuff open up like I'm not going and doing that I'm still gonna be distancing for like quite some time I just don't feel comfortable gyms open up the 18th very weird It's super odd so the only thing I'll be doing is like seeing a few people who have also been social distancing for two months I'm a house, but anyways social came out with like mass So I have two of these so I can use them, but they came in yesterday Did I get something else in the mail yesterday? I'm up to I told you guys about this, right? I think so. It's literally so embarrassing All right, I can't do a grocery haul because Cody is busy Cody. Let's shut that door. Okay Cody's busy watching the Godfather But I got enough pasta for tonight. I'm also gonna film another cooking with candy on a bolognese I got enough to make it twice my favorite the best pasta sauce I got David's bread all this other stuff So oh my gosh also the best you see Lea pasta It's just like next level I got stuff to make a really good pasta salad as well Which I'll definitely be showing in blogs or an Instagram see like I got enough stuff of bolognese twice And then of course our favorite snack I don't eat like this until my little brother comes over and here we are well normally he eats it. Let's be honest, but There we go. I got red wine vinegar for the pasta salad I'm just like so into cooking and trying new things guys. It's been very fun All right guys, I'm making my little brother This is how pathetic my taking care of my 17 year old little brother has become I asked him how he likes his sandwiches cut because I'm making one for him right now And he said kites like not even like triangles, but we have this Sandwich that my cousin grew up making us the best barbecue sauce ever guys But that's what I am making right now for him for lunch I cannot get weight to get the stuff to one my fruit bowl and which is I think being delivered soon and To the stuff to organize my freaking pantry.  I think I'm gonna make a pasta salad for lunch But I am gonna throw nothing but cakes to the cases clothes Which literally broke my heart, but I'm gonna go to Highland Park really quick and go to see nothing But kinks once I like it ready for the day and I but first I have to cut his Cut his sandwiches into kites. So also I've been getting so many smart sweets besides like the package I said They're just so freaking good Cody do you want cheese it on the side? Yeah Guys this fan Like it literally looks like I'm wearing one of those like propeller hats when I vlog Anyways, um I have showered. I worked out. I changed.  I'm also gonna film a little IGTV of the pasta salad I think I'm actually gonna do the bolognese as well today But I've been doing a lot of cooking with Kenzie. Well, this is my second But I'm starting a lot of cooking with Kenzie on IGTV which has been really fun So because don't follow me there you guys need to but pasta salad especially this one is like a really Good snack to have outside.  So we're gonna fix that all right guys I just made this amazing pasta salad for lunch I also filmed an IGTV so if you guys want to see like how to make it I don't be on my Instagram, which just can deal with I need to clean up this mess. Stop is on her way over Cody has actually agreed to go to nothing but cake for us because sad was like already coming over and I don't Have to leave again So he's gonna pick up the cakes if you guys come to them Well, if you guys have had nothing monkeys per second, I thought I forgot this I didn't forget tonight Come down. Well, you guys have had nothing but cakes because they're legit the best cakes ever What did I just do I just literally broke a glass Like how anyways? I'm gonna do some dishes. I Love cooking it puts me in the best mood. I seriously am a mom at this point. I really am like a soccer mom Okay, I just did the dishes I was gonna be here very soon I'm literally text my parents telling them I'm a chef. This is Sass birthday present She always when she comes over she loves my boyfriend's blankets so I knew she would like one because she's very cozy and She would just love this and use it all the time. So that's what I have right now Dishwashers going the pasta salad is ready All right guys. I'm starting untamed. I was reading the other thriller and honestly I think I'm just need to take a break from those for a second all of that fell off But Jamie Crennima told me to read it. So I'm starting untamed I just had to take a break for my thrillers, which is shocking guys. All right guys. I'm back inside It's like seven. Um, I got quite the sunburn today. I need to clean this mirror It's driving me insane. Um, but I'm gonna go film another cooking with Kenzie We're making bolognese tonight, which is my new fave dish That's yours girl. Let's go. Hey run downstairs run run.  I picked it out She let me pick it out But I love how bright it is you can't even really tell on camera just because it will make me look way tanner But also so cute. So check them out Also, Cody went and picked up some nothing but cakes for us to celebrate Sam's birthday. These are the best. Okay, just made bolognese About to take a photo for my IGTV video because of course cooking with Kenzie, but it smells incredible All right, everyone said it's really good. Even my little brother did and he said thank you Which he never does so it's gonna be on IGTV If you're wondering why we have these paper towels as placemats it's because things like this happen on my white table and That's the result. So this is what we have to do in order to keep this Obnoxiously extensive kitchen table that I bought clean if anyone has it's so freaking hard It's literally, you know if I would have just read the reviews on CB2 before buying this We wouldn't be in this predicament But I know we're just gonna put it away. I know alright guys. So now we're gonna watch Harry Potter It's been a really great night. I'll talk to you guys tomorrow. Um, oh wait. We have your birthday cake Sam's birthday was what's today's it four days ago? Wait? Yeah, it says yes. Yeah, four days four days ago.  I can't stop thinking about it. Like I literally can't stop thinking about it. Wow guys It's really something alright guys So it is the next day I'm actually going to end today's vlog because I just finished editing this vlog and I'm gonna start a weekend on my life So hope you guys enjoyed I don't know why I'm talking so much with my hand subscribe if you guys didn't hear I love you guys so much and I'll see you soon also check out my Instagram because I have two cooking with Kinsey Videos going up from this vlog. So hope you guys enjoy it and I'll see you soon


So on my computer here, beautiful. Welcome to everybody here, 21st of March, 2024. I was going to say 1920, 2024. Welcome to spring. And if you're in the United States, welcome to March Madness, all sorts of fun basketball stuff going on. Today, we have Ashish Anand from Brew Finance who's going to talk with us about tokenizing commodity finance. Before that, I have a few things I just want to share to get us rocking rolling as per normal here. Since we're a hyperledger, supply chain, trade finance, special interest group, all are welcome. Please feel free to share thoughts and ideas. However, do not share things that are confidential in nature since this is an open forum for all just like an open source code here. So let's see here, upcoming events. We have a number. It looks like Alicia and I both were adding some things in there at the same time. So I got in a couple of weeks, we are going to have Meryl Ayyan. I'm going to butcher her last name, but I'm not even going to try. But Meryl is going to be talking about blockchain experiences for export transactions in Turkey. And she has some ideas. So Ann, thanks for arranging that and working together with Meryl on that. It's my pleasure. I'm sure that Meryl will share her detailed experiences with the special interest groups in the coming days. Thank you. Good, good. And then you see a number of others going forward here. I will mention in the announcements that there is a page. You can see it right up here. I'm not going to click on it. But we've moved our planning document for upcoming sessions onto the Wiki, so it's public. Previously, we had a Google Doc, or Google spreadsheet, Google Sheet, actually, that we use. Alicia, Jeff, and I are going to keep track of things. And now we've made it public. So everyone's able to see what we're planning, what we're thinking about, et cetera, et cetera. And you're all welcome, whether you're listening live or listening currently here in real time, to provide suggestions, ideas, et cetera, et cetera, associate with that. A couple other things here in announcements. I looked today, and Andrea, it's actually great you're on. Because I just looked, and we have 4,666 followers on the LinkedIn group that we have for this special interest group. Andrea was a huge person in getting that rocking and rolling. So thank you, Andrea. I didn't even know you're going to be here, Andrea. And I get to talk you out, man. So let's get started. I have a question. I will hesitate to make some. Don't worry. And by the way, let's talk for 5,000 guys as quickly as possible. There you go.  So that says that people are interested in stuff that we're doing here. Also, there's a little group up here. Let me just say Alicia's added this, how to get involved. Because as always, we're looking for more folks to add to the chorus here of value that we can bring as a special interest group. And lastly, if you missed two weeks ago, Jeff, our fearless co-chair here, talked about digital twins in supply chain and trade finance a couple of weeks ago. It's up on YouTube. You can just search Jeff's name and our SIG. And you'll see that 148 people have viewed that since we had that session a couple of weeks ago. So slow and steady and good progress here and everything. So with that, Alicia, Jeff, anything else that we should talk about before we get rocking and rolling? I think you've hit on so many things. Thank you, Tom. OK, good. Oh, and I guess the point in that try to finance part was a very basic what I showed. So it's topical that we have this through finance. Good. And I'm in the top of it. And I should say one other thing about our project last year, we have the e-book representing here some case studies of where they've actually had numerical benefit associated with using blockchain and more specifically hyperledger, one of the hyperledger projects in supply chain and trade finance. This year we decided we're going to go a little smaller and pick off a few topics via blogs. So that's going to be the 18th of April topic. But there's already a page out there. You can find it from our master page here there. So with that, Ashish, we'll get you up here. I will stop sharing. And you can start sharing your charts while I say a few words here. Here, so today, again, we have Ashish Anand, the founder and CEO of Brew Finance. I was looking at their light paper. And he and his group are some OGs, original gangsters, in the sense of they've been at this a while.  I think Anand was at 2017 or 2018 when you started on the journey here. And it kind of the winding road as it's been with some of this blockchain type stuff. So that was one thought. The other here is one of their ideas is democratizing financial services. And that's something that I like the word democratizing. I mean, sometimes it's a bad word, but as the old Winston Churchill quote said that democracy is one of the worst forms. It's the worst form of government, except for all the rest that have been tried. So with that, Anand, I'm going to turn it over to you and let you, or sorry, not Anand, Ashish. I'll let you rock and roll from here. And Ashish has said that he's open to questions along the way. So if you have something, you can either raise your hand or feel free to just start speaking. And Ashish will respond with that. So she's, it's all yours. Thanks, Tom. Thanks for this nice introduction. So it has been certainly some years of thought and journey which has been going on, which has brought us to group finance. And first of all, before I start, I would like to thank the ASSIG for inviting me over here to talk about what we are doing and especially a large thanks to Jeff, who has been like, we have been talking for almost more than one month and we have been planning about this day. So thanks a lot, Jeff, for getting me here. So as you rightly said, Tom, that the journey has been. So my journey in the post blockchain has started when you mentioned in 2017, though, when I first became familiar of something called Bitcoin and that was way back in 2015. And I was like, these quant guys are again, kidding us. So I'm from the finance side, you know. So I was like, in 2008, these guys created something. I mean, they created way back, but in 2008, we paid for this. And now they are coming to, from the equity market, they're coming to the currency market and really someone can create a currency with code. So that was like, so for three years, I was onto that side of the table and that, hey, we are kidding over here. But then in 2016, I woke up one day and I was, oh, these guys are trading actually, they are exchanging, they are paying in Bitcoin and paying in Ethereum for services. And I was like, then it is currency and so my interest came up. I came into the market, to the field since then, but we started building, so Group Finance has two entities. Group Finance is our DeFi entity and we've also worked in traditional finance. So we have an entity called World in India. So we started building World in 2019 and Group Finance is a culmination of that. So to talk about what we do, so as I have mentioned, we are building the operating system for tokenized commodities. So as we all know that tokenization, yesterday there was a big news and tokenization that BlackRock launched $100 million tokenized fund on Ethereum by the name of Biddle. So what are we seeing that actually speaking, so many of us here who built our world on hyper leisure and who built on supply chain. So we are the guys who have been talking about since 2014 and 2016 about bringing real world assets, connecting the real world supply chain on blockchain. But so far that was like there were waves. So sometimes the wave will pick up, sometimes it will replace. But now if we look at in last one year, so finally I would say that RWA wave has arrived. So we have of course, and the biggest RWA part though it is not a tokenization thing is thing is the ETF which we have seen because that is how we are connecting the real world to the tokenized world, how we are connecting the securities market to the crypto market. But other than that, if we look around the globe, 2019, sorry, 2023 was the year when tokenization arrived. So even in the crypto world, which typically has not been so great or who doesn't have great opinion about real world assets or real world activities. So crypto world also started realizing that, hey, there is something over there by which it's possible by bridging these two different parts of the world. We saw JP Morgan working on Polygon. Of course, yesterday BlackRock came on Ethereum. We have seen banks like Society General coming to crypto platforms like MakerDAO to tokenize or to securitize their loan books. So that is where I would say that we have really arrived in terms of asset tokenization, which has of course many more real world assets uses because once you have tokenized something then the entire value chain, whether it's a value chain related to financing, whether it's a value chain related to trade, international trade, export, import, each and every of them starts falling onto the blockchain. So the core basic wave is where we were missing so far. And that's what the market brought to us in last year or I would say starting from 2022. And we all know that the market size, there are many, many predictions on that. And in that, we have chosen one. So we have seen the likes of onto bringing, onto finance bringing tokenized people onto the market. We have seen many efforts by Hyperledger as one of them to bring supply chain onto blockchain using like food chain, food trucks, et cetera. And we have also seen that equity markets are coming on chain in many parts, especially in European world. However, one part other than the gold, so gold was one of the earliest one which came on tokenization and it's quite popular. And real estate has a certainly, every when we talk about tokenization, the first thought people talk about is, are we talking about real estate? But here, the vertical we have started to work is commodity sector. So I have my background in commodity markets and that's what perhaps prompted me to come over here. And what we are doing that, we are not only tokenizing the commodities here. We are essentially building the full stack commodity chain for which starts from tokenization and ends up covering each and every activity which you will see into the commodity markets happen. So whether that is financing, whether that is exchange of commodities, whether that is infrastructure because commodities are physical stuff and they are highly fungible as well plus they're volumous. So their storage, their trade requires monitoring throughout the value chain. So infrastructure creation, as well as taking the solution we started from India and currently our major part of work is in India. But we are taking it global. So we have already entered into partnerships in European markets, in Southeast Asian markets and in also entering partnership in African market because commodities are physical stuff so you need local partners to move the things over there. So that's the core idea and that's how we are building. And then when I talk about finance or lending, actually we are also working on both. So we are perhaps one of the few decentralized, perhaps few tokenization platforms across the globe where tried file lenders are lending against tokenized securities, so tokenized commodities. So we are actually working with tried file lenders in India and also we have an arm for decentralized finance. Means anybody and everybody across the globe can also become a financier on the platform. We also recently launched the first tokenized commodity exchange of India. So that's the pilot launch which we have done, commercial launch we will be doing in the coming quarter and that's how the things are growing up. Ashish, before you go on to the next chart here just a little fast, I just wanna, when you're talking commodities here and I think you said this, you're talking physical commodities like wheat and soybeans and sand and stuff like that, kind of bulk kind of stuff, right? You're not talking about money market commodities or something like that, whether a dollar is a commodity, like financial assets. Not really. I mean, we are only talking about physical commodities. So I'm not talking about derivatives at this moment. Okay, just wanna make sure. Yeah, there is a possibility to interlink these two over a period of time. We are not yet looking for that. Okay, good. Because when you trade, say for example, when you trade oil, so certainly there is a lot of intraday trading, there is a lot of futures trading that never gets settled, but the part of the derivatives also gets settled and where you will require physical markets to come in, where you will require say infrastructure to store those physical commodities and transport them. So that may also be built over time, but not at this moment. Okay, good. Thank you. And yes, right now our focus is agri-commodities. Though of course, there is always, we will be looking to expand it to other middle commodities as well over a period of time. Okay. So the core idea when we started building was two-fold. One is because commodities are physical in nature. And also commodity markets are, you will find a commodity market in a very small village of India or Africa or in South Asia. And you will have the Nibot and the Seabot of the world or CBOE of the world where commodities are traded in the dematerialized format as well. As a result, what happens is that because there are so many local to global markets, there are always specific markets which are not connected to each other. And that's a major problem which we have seen and actually speaking it is much more pronounced in commodity markets than any other market as compared to equity markets, for example. Equities are not that fragmented because most of the equities today, of course, other than some of you OTC trades, most of the equity has a global market which is electronic. Our crypto market is anyway 100% digital. There is no physical involvement into that. But physical commodity is because of the very nature that their production, their import and export, their trade from one party to another. All of that is subject to first, local geographic conditions, second, global trade markets and also third, the regulations. So this is one of the markets which are highly fragmented. And as a result, you will always have pockets of supply and pockets of demand which are not matching. So one idea behind creating the tokenization was, can we create digital commodity markets which can plug this gap between separate markets which are fragmented? And the second part was, which is very specific to commodity markets is something called commodity finance. So commodity finance, so commodities are a very unique market in the sense that especially let's talk about agri commodities, though it is applicable to most of the commodities, but what happens that the production means the supply and the demand are not exactly matched. So for example, if we talk about agri, soybean for example, the production of soybean will happen only once in a year. You take any country, that's the scenario. But the consumption will happen uniform throughout the year. So you are not going to eat more soybean because more soybean was produced in a particular month. Or you are not going to eat more bread because wheat is produced in that particular month. You are going to eat the same number of breads throughout the year. So what it means that, because the production will happen only once in a year. So it all means that the people in supply chain of commodities are going to hold the inventory. So whether it's a farmer, whether it's a trader, whether it's a grain elevator, a warehouse, a processing mill that is converting your raw materials, say for example, wheat to bread, all of them are going to hold this harvest, sold the supply, hold this inventory in hand. And that requires a specific type of financing, which is commodity finance. It is known as commodity finance or it is also known as in India, we call it warehouse receipt finance because you have deposited the inventory in the warehouse and borrowing money against that and so on. And this market, if you look at, and if you pick up last 10 years, maybe I mean, there is a longer history, but if you just pick up last decade, you will find that every year there is a multi-million and when I say multi-million, I'm not talking about one million or two million, I'm talking about hundreds of millions. So hundreds of millions of dollars are being lost by the lenders, especially the banking lenders into this sector. So some of the instances starting from India, especially if these are Asia-focused, but we have the same problem we have seen in American continent, we have seen it to certain extending European continent as well, that banks especially the lenders have lost hundreds of millions of dollars, but even billions of dollars in certain instances. So when we were building, when we started building our commodity tokenization stack, actually one focus was to solve the fragmented market. The larger focus was to solve the risk of the commodity finance market. So how do we solve for this risk which arise over here and that's where the blockchain came into picture. That can we use blockchain to give lenders comfort, that when you are lending against a commodity, nobody else is lending against that. So that is what happened in, say for example, it actually happened in all of these, or when you are lending against commodity receipts because you are as a lender, you can't actually, you don't have control on the warehouses or the go downs where the commodities are stored. So we are relying upon the certificate issued by the warehouse keeper, the grain elevator, that I have the commodity. So is that receipts genuine, not duplicated, that happened in excess world fraud, excess world is a blame course of Sweden, one of the largest commodity traders of the world. So one single instance and they, the banks lost around $300 million just because they lent against certain receipts which were not genuine, which were not issued by grain power. Or can we give assurance to the lenders that if I have given loan to, if lender A has given loan against a commodity, it is not with lender B, placed with lender B as well. And that's what happened in Chindow in China. And interestingly, this was a London Metal Exchange Collateral. So you see, this was a collateral which was essentially copper in Chindow, stored at Chindow Port where the commodity was to be meant for trading on the LME exchange, but it was also being financed by certain banks and they lost huge money. Or like our NSEL scam that happened in India, where lenders, and these were private lenders, one exception is while the three ones are banks, NSEL scam was a private lender scam, wherein the commodity was supposed to be a billion dollar at that point of time. Essentially, the total commodity stored in the warehouses was not more than 100 million dollars. While the lending was a billion dollar against that. So that is where we decided to use blockchain to solve for these issues. And that's how both the issues were tickled and then we started building on top of that. Because the NSEL was about private investors, so that is where DeFi comes in. And because these are about bank losses, so that is where DeFi comes in. So just we will go to how we do that. Actually, I should have talked about this. I will talk about this later. So how it works today. So we have a very novel way of tokenization and we call it custodian-based tokenization. But one way of tokenization which we have seen is that there is a physical asset and a digital equivalent of that, which is also known as a digital twin is created. But what we have done over here, what one thing we have brought over there, that in this particular case, the physical commodity is stored with hard parties. So if we are creating a digital twin, we are making sure that the physical commodity is not in circulation. So you can't have an instance of two type of assets, one digital asset and one physical asset being in the market at the same time. So for that purpose, we use custodians, which are essentially warehouses, or as we call them in USA, grain elevators. So those are the entities which are keeping the commodities of the supply chain. Say for example, with the commodities of the farmers or the traders of the mills in bonded warehouses, in bonded grain elevators, at which point they are also verified through a combination of machine, as well as machine learning solutions and human eye, all three put together. So there is a verification about how much the commodity in the warehouse, what is the quality of that produce? And also when was the quality validation done, whether it is insured or not? And along with that, what we do that, we take the commodity data from different sources, can be physical market, can be derivatives market as well. And all this data about the owner's details. So all of this is by the way KYC. So nothing happens on our platform, which is not KYC. So the commodity owners, who are they? What is the commodity they own? What is their nature? What is the weightage? What is the quality, et cetera? Along with the price data, all of that metadata goes to create a non-fungible token. So this token represents the commodity owners. And now it can be because it's a token. So it can be transferred or it can be used as a collateral. So when it is used as a collateral, it can be used as a collateral by the lenders. And those lenders can be either banks, we are working with them, or they can be our DeFi liquidity providers. So what we are doing that, we are using the collateral to borrow either from the trade fine market or the DeFi markets. And that's how the chain has been designed. So I will just go into the technicals of this. Hishish, can you go back one chart? Or back there? I just wanna make sure I understand the KYC that you're doing in order to avoid the garbage in garbage out problem. You're assuming at the grain elevator, that person or business or whatever that owns that grain elevator, they're gonna have to verify the physical presence and amount of whatever grain it is, for instance. No, that is done by third parties. Okay, so there's gonna be some third party that's going to be doing that. And are those parties that already exist in the marketplace or those tonight? Since I'm not familiar with it. No, they do exist. I mean, they have been there for like, since the time that commodity markets are there. So they have collateral managers in one word. And also what we have done that, actually speaking, we are spending that part more and more. So here we have also built certain machine learning solutions to ensure that the data is not only coming from human eye, but they are supporting evidences that hit this data. For example, when the vehicles arrive into the grain elevator, we take a geotagged photograph of the vehicle. We take geotagged photograph of the commodity. We geotagged the photograph of the commodity stack that has been created. There is a timeline which is analyzed that how much time it took for this entire process, whether it should have taken that much time or not. Also, most of these grain elevators are equipped with what we call wave bridges. So you don't get the quantity data, you get it from a machine. So that data has been taken. In the future, actually speaking, we are working on creating a deep-in infrastructure which will be out in next six months, six to nine months, which is the decentralized physical infrastructure nowadays very much popular subject in our digital assets market. So we will be strengthening that further using combination of IoT devices, using combination of smart computer vision solutions. Thank you. Is she sure going into this? And thank you Tom for bringing this up because I had questions about the audit oracle as well. Often there is a lot of IoT devices that are used for this. You mentioned before quality verification. Right now, what are you doing to verify quality? Sure. So one thing is that markets are a bit different in the developed markets like USA and in India. So in USA, you have grain elevators where the commodities are stored in a silo, big silo, and you can put a lot of IoT devices to monitor the quality, temperature, humidity level, et cetera. In India and in many other emerging markets like Africa, et cetera, the storage is not in silo, it's in bags. So you have 50 kg bag stacked on top of each other and put into a room or just like a ventilated room that's all. So in those markets, it's very difficult to, it's not cost effective to deploy many IoT solutions as it is cost effective to do in silos. So in those markets where we are currently working, we have to depend upon two things.  Also, there are certain machines which are used for the purpose of quality verification, but their use is very limited. For example, moisture meter you will find in each and every warehouse. But grain analyzer using a camera, you will not find in many warehouses, but there are solutions which are coming up in that area that you take a sample, you put that onto a scanner and it will give you the details of the quality details of the commodity. So as I mentioned that those are things which are coming up, but not yet there. So we are looking to build over a period of time, more strong infrastructure in that area. Okay, great. Thank you. But if we go to silo market, the things will be entirely different, much more controlled. That makes sense. Jeff, just one quick question. I was just curious on this. I always wondered about the commodity NFT that's created is based on the price, quality, et cetera. And so the banks then loan against that NFT, that value. If the underlying commodity collapses and the value then theoretically the NFT drops substantially, what do the banks do? Do they have that built into like a smart contract or something? What do they do? Is that just a risk that they take and then that's it? Yeah, so there are certain safeguards to against that. First of all, the lending is never 100% of the value of commodity. It is typically in the range of six to 17%. So these are over collateralized loans. So if the commodity prices are within that range, the bank is just still positive. The second part is that whenever there is a price fluctuation, so we have a M2M process, mark to market process. So if there is a price drop of more than 5% in the commodity value, we will get the borrower to deposit more commodity means provide more collateral or to pay part of the loan. In case it drops or it reaches near to our threshold and the borrower has not given us extra collateral or has not sold part of the loan, has not repaid part of the loan, we will have to liquidate the commodities. So there are smart contracts to sell that and we have an exchange where these commodities can be sold. And when these commodities can be sold, there will be buyers who will buy that commodity and the bank will be repaid its loan along with interest. So that is how they are surviving. Yeah. Is there any requirement that the commodity be insured while it is insured in case there is not only a drop in commodity price, but say in case of flood or other extreme weather? So 100%, I mean, without insurance, no lender will land. So on our platform, anything that comes up is 100% insured. So against the both, like theft, if there is a possibility of theft or filth raise, all of that risk, environmental risk, all of that is covered. But it doesn't cover price fluctuation. I mean, in case there is a price fluctuation that is not covered. Though some banks adopt a practice of hedging the exposure. So if they have a lot of physical commodity and they know that, so sometimes they will raise the physical side on an exchange so that their risk of price dropping down is covered. Okay. Makes sense. Thank you. Sure. Any other questions out there where we let Ashish continue? Okay, Ashish. So we go to the next slide and which is the tick part of it, how the tick part works. So our tick is a unique combination of a permissioned and permissionless blockchain. So when we first built, we built the first part which is the permissioned part. And that's when most of my tick team wanted to build on Hyperledger and I went against that and we did not go for Hyperledger. So we built it on Corum. The reason being was that we had this vision in 2019 that private and permissionless blockchain will merge. So that is what Bezu has brought now. But at that time, that facility like bridging Ethereum with Hyperledger was not possible. And also tokens, especially creating non-fungible tokens was a bit difficult. So we built it on Corum. And that is how the first private chain was built and everything in the trade-fied world when we are dealing with the banks, everything happens on a private network. There is no interaction with the public blockchain. So how that works, very simple. The borrowers means which can be a farmer. So we also serve very small farmers and we also serve large corporates as well. Because in the entire agree supply chain, this commodity finance product is available. And secondly, in the warehouses because our objective is to tokenize whatever comes to warehouse, you can't distinguish which stock belongs to whom and you don't want to leave that stock because that is where your fraud risk events start if you start leaving certain stock. So any type of borrower, they have a mobile app. They also have a, they use a mobile app or they can also use a computer. And in the warehouse, in the grain elevators they have computers. So they can say, for example, a farmer doesn't have a mobile phone, they can come to the grain elevator and will get access to a laptop or a desktop in assisted fashion, they can do the work. Then we have asset custodians, which are our warehouses. We have asset verifier, which we discuss both man and machine data. And we have lenders. So they get connected over a private blockchain. The commodity gets tokenized on this blockchain. They're used as collateral by the banks to lend on this blockchain. And that is where the permission blockchain takes care of each and every one. So when we were developing DeFi, the idea was that how do we connect these two? And that's when we created one of the first bridges between permission and permissionless blockchain in 2022, between polygon network, polygon is the network we operate on and our private blockchain. So what happens that these tokenized commodities, which have been tokenized on the private blockchain, if there is a lender against that on the public blockchain, the collateral will be breached and it will be burnt on one side and created on the other side to the public blockchain. And on the public blockchain, anybody from across the globe can become a liquidity provider. So they can be a lender. The benefit is that they can become a lender and when they lend, they can earn both economic yield, which comes by lending, but they can also earn a blue token yield. We are launching our blue token some point in time in this year. And so these liquidity providers, the lenders can also earn yield. So that way it is bringing the benefits of the DeFi while bringing the benefit of the real world lending to the DeFi players as well. So this is how the technology piece is structured. And if there is any question on that, I will answer that right now before I move into the non-technology part of the business again. I'm gonna have your L2 on your chain, you're on the right. Is that the one that uses the bridge and not the consensus layer? Yeah, certainly L2 uses the bridge and not the consensus. The Ethereum is the consensus layer. So when you use an L2, that is where the transaction has to flow. So because Ethereum gas fee can be very high for small, especially the farmer segment. So that is where we use a polygon L2. And then polygon will send all of this data to the Ethereum layer for settlement of the transactions. So this is how the... I just something that's just out of curiosity. What's the ERC token you're using now on Ethereum? Is it 1155, ERC? 1155, yes. Okay. So essentially that makes it a semi-fungible token instead of a pure non-fungible token. So we are not using 721. So I will just... So this was the technical part. And I will come back to... So as I mentioned to you that we use two entities, World and Brew. So I will just come back to the same thing. And I would just like to bring this slide that how do we use blockchain for the risk management purpose? So we talked about the risk events earlier that we have seen that there are force receipts. There are multiple landings. There are no control on how the warehouses are, how the warehouses are landing, how much landing is taking place, et cetera. So what we did that, we brought this... That is where the blockchain came as a solution. And that's become interesting from a supply chain finance perspective. That using blockchain's properties and this doesn't need to be told to this group. But if someone is... I mean, because we are also live on LinkedIn, et cetera. So what we do that we use the functionalities like immutability to make sure that the NFTs or the semi-fungible token that we are using, they cannot be duplicated. It means there can never be a duplicate receipt. Duplicate collateral or a forced collateral as well. Second part is that because the lending process is controlled by the smart contract, in our system, there is not a single physical interaction. So it's starting from KYC to loans disbursement, recovery of loan, collections, as well as liquidation of the collateral in case of a default. By the way, in the last three years, we have zero default, zero liquidation so far. But in case it happens, all of that will happen through the system and will be controlled by the smart contract. So when it is controlled by the smart contract, it means the biggest frauds which we have seen, which is the multiple lending, those are taken care of. So we just have... So whether you are talking about Chinda or you are talking about Singapore bankruptcies of commodity traders like in long, et cetera, all of that gets stopped because everything is controlled using tokens and everything is controlled using smart contracts. Third part is our source-based custodian based approach. Because what we saw that the major risk events happened because banks had no idea what was going on in the warehouses or what was going on in the elevators because the volume is so high, it is difficult to segregate. So that is why we decided to have the control at the source itself. And that single source of truth helps us to ensure that you can never have this type of incident that you have given loan of a billion dollar and your collateral value is less than a billion dollar. So these are the major systematic risk. They don't hit every day, but when they hit, they hit like big ones. So that is where blockchain comes and showcases its strength and able to ensure that our systematic risk are taken care of. But at the same time, we also have smaller incidents of physical risk events. So for example, someone takes the goods away of the goods taken out of the warehouse as simple as that. Or for example, a borrower comes to us and says that I have this much of goods into the grain elevator and the grain elevator certifies that. But what if the goods never came to the grain elevator? So to stop that, we also need the physical security and that is where we are using as I mentioned that we are using certain machine learning solutions and we are looking to strengthen that with a deep in infrastructure over a period of time. And then when we did all this, certainly we were able to reduce the risk, but we were also able to reduce the cost for the cost of operations for the warehouses, cost of operation for the lenders. Also we were able to reduce the underwriting costs for the lenders because they have a lot of data available which was not available earlier. So that way it's a solution which helps them to go to new markets or go to markets which were earlier costly to serve and so on. So that has been the core objective of using blockchain into the purpose and that way we are helping the lenders, also helping the borrowers because earlier the lending process used to be like lengthy, maybe for months and months or at least weeks. Now it is more or less real time. So especially in the small ticket size loans where inventory is the core and you don't have to look at the balance sheet and all, we are able to do real time loans. When it comes to financial data along with the inventory data and all, then perhaps it will take us some time but much lesser than what was happening earlier. And so that is how we structured it and that is how we are going ahead with this. As of today, we are globally, certainly in the commodity space, we are the largest tokenization platform. Already we have tokenized more than 700 million dollars. By this year end, we expect a billion dollar of commodities to be tokenized onto the platform. Now we are working with some of the lenders in our Treadfy entity. And that's also one of the few instances across the globe where Treadfy lenders are using tokenized assets as collateral. And we have secured some credit line in that, almost 10, around 15% of the credit line is used and will be used over a period of time. Right now we have a two million metric ton of storage capacity on our platform. By end of the coming quarter, after June quarter, we are getting one of the largest players into this space to come onto the platform. And our storage capacity will go to 10 million metric ton. So that's where we are doing and that's ultimately I would like to come back here that this is the way we are looking to take the entire commodity sector on a single tokenization platform. I mean, not single, but on the tokenization stack on the projects. So with that, I would stop. And if there are any questions remaining, I will better answer that now. Or we can have further discussion on everything around tokenization or commodities. Tom, you are muted. There we go. Thank you Ashish for sharing your whirlwind tour of roof finance and what you're doing with tokenized commodity stuff. That's great. Are there any questions out there from folks? I have one question. I guess, how do you make money in this here? Just so I mean, I understand you're gonna be introducing a token, et cetera. I assume there's some charges along the way that just kind of come in play so that who's paying who along the way here? And then I'll come back for any other questions. So Tia, if you have questions here, if there are no other questions, then we'll close. No, we are a Buddhist startup, by the way. And we don't have token yet into the market. So we need to generate revenue. And so we don't have that luxury of not generating revenue and being in the market. So first of all, we receive some money, not much for implementing the tokenization, which is like a digital solution for the warehouses. It helps them reduce their workload. It helps them digitize their workload, et cetera. So we receive some small money from them. But our major source of revenue is from the lending. So when there is a lending from the banks or from the liquidity providers to the borrowers, there is a spread which Brutex for the efforts of helping them to reach to new markets and also reducing their cost of underlighting. So that's where we make money. And we are looking to also go as we have launched our pilot of our exchange. So we expect that over a period of time this will generate, this will be a driver of revenue. Second only to lending. So that's the core, of course, where the revenue comes in. In the deep in infrastructure, there can be some money which can be made, but not in the near future. So these are the three. Good, good. It always helps to understand where the money's going and what people's motivations are in addition to the high-level advocacy that they don't want fraud, right? And then it's a question of, what are people willing to spend? Okay, good. Thanks, Ashish. What else is out there from folks? Yeah, I just had another question, kind of along that line. So the Ethereum gas fees that you're seeing on your L2 level, how is that paid for then again? Is that just part of your monthly or quarterly operating expenses that are covered through these other data that you're getting or is there some other mechanism where you're able to charge for transaction on that gas fee to whomever? How does that piece work? So essentially speaking on polygon, the fee says like, I mean, it's so negligible that nobody cares. We don't care or the liquidity providers don't care.  So typically liquidity providers pay the fee for when they are providing liquidity onto the platform into the, and the borrowers don't pay any fee that is absorbed by us. Okay, so the NFT metadata then it's kept off-chain then to keep those costs there? Oh, okay. That cost is borne by us. So when you are minting the NFTs, that cost is borne by us. So that's a part of, as you rightly said, that's a part of our operational cost. And yes, that cost has gone up now because matic prices have gone up and earlier the fee used to be a bit lesser, but it's still, I mean, we don't mind paying that much. So if I do say mint 1000 NFTs, my cost will be something like $50 today. So not much should bother on that. Good. Anybody else with any questions? Going once. Sorry, hi, just from my side, I have just one simple question. I would like to learn a few more details regarding the role of the banks in your business use cases. What would you say more? Sure. So see the core use of the bank is that to lend money. That's where we are using banks for. So there is a, because these people... Banks for the fiat currency, banks for the... Yes, so that's true. We, this is one part which remains outside of the blockchain, the financial transactions from the bank. It is done in fiat currency, though we have recently gone to our central bank, Leisure Bank of India, and have asked them to plug in their CBDC on our platform. It's a discussion that is ongoing. Let us see if they agree to that. But otherwise, right now it's a fiat transaction. And that is one... So for that, what we do, that actually comes as a oracle. So we connect our blockchain to the core banking solutions of the bank. So whenever bank do a physical fiat transaction, that data gets recorded onto the blockchain, which is about giving the loan or about receiving the repayment and interest. But yes, you are pretty much right. That is a oracle for the platform and not a direct money transfer onto the platform. If CBDC, we are able to connect, we will be able to do that. But the DeFi transactions, they are 100% through the stable points. Okay, so I agree with you. Thank you. I appreciate if you could me at wise if any of your demo included in the banks in the coming days. Sure, Rehan. Why not we can do the demo of the platform? Okay, not just for me, but in a general demo, I mean. We can do that as well. If the SIG wants, we can resassemble and we can bring the demo part to that next time. All right, thank you so much. Thanks. Okay. Great. Well, we're at the top of the hour here. So we'll wrap up Ashish again. Thank you very much for sharing the good stuff. It's always good to see somebody who sticks with it and is starting to see some success here in the blockchain. And maybe this will be a solution in our next version of our e-book here. So with that, thanks everybody for joining folks who have stuck with us watching the replay on YouTube. Thanks for sticking with us. Two weeks from now, we'll be talking about export and finance with Merrill from what is it? It's T3I, is that right? Ion T3I, partner network? Yeah. Okay, we're remembering it here. So on April 4th, same time, same channel. Enjoy the rest of the day, everybody. And we'll go to Senator Chase. Thank you. Thanks so much. Thanks, Ashish. Okay, bye-bye, bye-bye, bye-bye. Bye, everybody. Thanks, Ashish. Bye-bye, Andrea. I'm here. I'm here. Yes, I know you're dead. I got a call from my kid. Sorry, he's alone outside. Hey, since I got you, I just make one question. I got it in the guy. You mentioned that he's not in hyperledger. No, those little experiences you see as a father. You guys all have one second here. Yeah, remember them.