If you're like me, you'll find the process of uploading videos to YouTube a little bit boring and not really the most exciting part of the process. Well, in this video, I'm gonna share with you how TubeBuddy can help you to upload your videos and speed up that process, saving you a ton of time. And also if you are new to YouTube, it can actually just walk you through the various different things that you need to do during that YouTube upload. So let's come over to my YouTube studio, shall we? I'm in the videos section, the content section. So let's just come to a video that I've uploaded, but I haven't actually done anything with it yet. So I'll just click on the little edit button here. Similarly, if you have just uploaded the video, then this will still be in that interface as well. This is just where you sort of detail all of the different things related to the video that you're uploading, title, description, tags, all that sort of stuff. So this is the regular YouTube interface, but we do have some additional elements here. First of all, let me just point out one that's right here next to my screen. This is one of the things about TubeBuddy. It just saves you time in so many different places. So if I'm editing this video, then I can see I've got a list of these at my video uploads, but I can just jump to a different one. So if I just wanted to jump to a separate video, I could just click on here instead, click on okay to discard those changes because I've done nothing there. But this is just one of the ways that TubeBuddy saves you time by enabling you to just jump back and forth between videos rather than having to go back out to the video list and then go into another video. So that's just one time-saving feature that you've got right there with TubeBuddy, but I digress slightly. Let's come down here and we'll look at the first thing that we see down here. We've got all of these YouTube things like subtitles, end screens, cards, and so on. But then we've got upload defaults. Now in YouTube, you can set a default set of parameters that you want for title, description, tags, all that sort of stuff that will just appear by default. And in fact, that's what we've got here. So my description, rather than being a blank box, it's actually got all this text in here. And this I have is kind of like a footer at the bottom of all of my descriptions with ways that people can connect with me. It's got all of my gear list and things like that, things that I want to draw people's attention to. So I have that in as a stock description. So then when I'm actually entering my actual description, all I do is I write above that and so that all appears at the bottom. So the way that you set these defaults in YouTube is if you come over to the settings down here and click on the settings, and then you've got this thing here, upload defaults. So if I click on that one, here you can see you can add a title. You might want to add a part of a title or something like that. You can add the description. So this is that description that we've just seen, all of that content. So you just add in that down there. You can change the visibility, whether you want it public, private or whatever. You can add in some tags if you want some specific tags in all of your videos. Then in the advanced section, you can change things like the category, the licensing, creative commons or YouTube licensing, whatever it is, the language, all that sort of stuff. So you can change all of these. And then you've also got some monetization options where you can change what you want, the type of ads that you're going to place in there if indeed you are monetized at that stage. But like I say, the default in or the option that you have in YouTube is to either use this or not basically. So there is only one particular sort of setup for this. With TubeBuddy though, you do have the option to add in multiple upload defaults. So here you can see that I've created some for various different things that I use commonly. So I do a lot of videos about Ecamm Live, do a lot of videos about Stream Deck, do a lot of videos about setup. I should probably do one for my productivity in there actually, although I'm often talking about different apps. So perhaps it doesn't make total sense. But you can see that I've got these different defaults and I've got one down here for TubeBuddy as well. So basically you can set all of those things exactly as we've just looked at, but on multiple different profiles where you might want to have different types of ads on some, you might want to have different categories for some or whatever it happens to be. So that then, once you've set that up though in the settings just down here at the bottom left, once you've set that up, when you come to upload a new video, you can just come here to the upload defaults and you can decide which of those profiles you want to use for this particular video. And you can also set whether you want to apply it specifically for the title, the description or whatever.  So let me use that. I haven't made the title yet and there's no title selected. So let me just uncheck that one because I don't want to apply just a total blank field to the title. I've just got the file name sitting up there at the moment. I will come and edit all this afterwards. But let's say I want to change the description, the tags, the visibility and the advanced settings to those ones that I've set as my TubeBuddy default. Well, if I click on apply, then this is just going to take a moment to basically go through and add in all those things. It's going to update the description. It's going to add in the tags that I want and all of those other settings. And as you can see, this is how long it takes. So this is all time that it saved me because it would have taken me a lot longer to go through and actually change all of these things. And then you can see now we've got some tags in, we've got the TubeBuddy description that I want to have and then all of those other settings have propagated as well. So that is the first thing in terms of uploading. As you can see there, it can save you a lot of time if you're doing different types of videos that you want different settings for. Next, we've got this Best Practices. This is the thing that really was valuable to me when I was first starting out just because it actually told me pretty much what I needed to do because I was new to YouTube, I didn't really know what I needed to do in terms of these various different things. Here it does give you a great little explanation of them, so adding chapters. It tells you what the chapters are. Those are where people have timestamps in their videos so that you can jump directly to a particular section. And so there are great little sort of useful things here. If you actually click on these little links, it will give you more information about what it is. So it really was a useful tool for me to actually learn what I needed to do and what all these different things were. Then you can also go through here, add chapters, get a like on Facebook so it will allow you to share this out and then see if somebody's liked it on Facebook. And this is all about obviously driving more traffic back to YouTube in that context. You've also got add info cards so that is the kind of, you know, check out this video up in the top corner that people often do. I don't do that as much these days. Used to in the early days of my videos try and put those in all the way through. But actually it's a bit of a counterintuitive that is really because you're then sending people off out of the video that they're just watching. So what I've learned to do now is use those sparingly and more in the final parts of the video when people are more likely to be potentially getting ready to switch off from that video in any case and, you know, seeing the end of the videos approaching. So linking out to other videos or if I look at the analytics and I see there is a particular drop-off point with their retention where I must have been getting a bit too boring and droning on, then adding an info card at that point would be useful. But in any case, it's just prompting you here to say that there are no info cards in this particular video. Add an end screen. So that is, you know, where you're linking to other videos at the very end. YouTube gives you 20 seconds at the end where you can put up links to other videos, other playlists, subscribe button, all that sort of stuff. So that's just prompting me to say that I haven't done that yet. There is, by the way, templates for these things. So info card templates, I could just click on here and apply one of my templates. I could just click in here and apply a template. So rather than going into the end screen section like this and clicking in and choosing the end screen, you can see how I can apply a TubeBuddy template from in here as well. But there's no need to go into this because you can just literally do it from here. So again, another time-saving thing, not just for the ability to even create templates, but that you can just apply them from down here rather than having to go into some other menu or whatever. Then just prompting me to add it to a playlist, adding more tags. So we did have that sort of number of tags that were added in as part of this upload default. So here you can see some tags have been added in for me because of the ones I'd set in the default. But this is just prompting me to say there is space to add in more tags. Next is add tags to your title. So prompting me to just make sure that the tags that I've got in my tags field are relevant to what's in my title and in my description and things like that. And you can see here, these are all of the ones that are left to be complete out of the nine best practices. But you can see there are two of nine already completed. So you can show those if you want as well. So if you show those, they appear at the top with little ticks next to them. So basically the default behavior of this is it hides the ones that you have already done. So what that means is if you can see anything in this best practices box, it means there's something left for you to do. And that's why I say again, when I was just starting out, it was useful to give me this sort of list of things I needed to do. But even now it just acts as a visual cue that, hang on, there's something in that box. That means there's something that I need to go and check out and do. And in this case, this was adding captions and the title length. So this doesn't really tell you about what's put in your title. It's just saying that the length of the title is not too short and not too long. Obviously that is not a good title. So the way that we would actually craft a title would be using the keyword explorer, which we're talking about in a moment. But still on this page though, as part of the uploads, we've also got tags, coming back to tags again. We've also got some tools for tags, which is, you can create tag lists in here. So if I was to take all of these tags here, I can first of all do a couple of things. If I click on copy, then here you can see you've got a couple of options. These are all the tags that is just pulled out of the tags box. And you can either copy them to the clipboard. So let's say you've got some tags in here related to a video. Maybe you were gonna do a blog post about it or something like that. You wanted to copy them out or wanted to copy them out for some other reason. You can just copy them to the clipboard that way. You can also create tag lists. And so here, if I wanted to create a new tag list from those particular tags, I could click on new tag list here. And then I could also, if I wanted to, add these tags to an existing list. So these are some of the tag lists that I've got. And I could just add those tags to that list. So where it says copy to tag list, just click on the one you want and it will add those tags into that list. Now, if this was completely blank or you wanted to add some additional tags, then we've also here got import. So if I click on import, here you'll see my tag lists, what I was just talking about. And so here is my list of tag lists. And then in each of those, if I click into one of them, what you'll see is all the tags are related to that particular tag list. And now I can either go through and sort of manage these. So if I wanted to add a new one to this particular list here, I could just come up here, write the tag and click add. So it would add it into this particular tag list. But if I decided, yes, I want to actually add these tags into this particular video, if I just click on insert, what you'll see is, look, no hands, but it is actually going through and physically populating all of those tags into that tag field. So that is just another thing that, coming back to this time-saving factor, I'm not having to physically type those out, it is just manually going and putting those in for me, or I should say, automatically putting them in for me. You've also got some other tools down here, some more tag tools, which is basically recommending tags for you. So it's looking at your description and title and all that sort of stuff and existing tags. And then it is just suggesting some for you. So rather than having to type these out, you can just come and have a look and say, okay, I want this one, maybe this one as well, how to use TubeBuddy to get views on YouTube and so on. So these are just a way that you can easily just come and grab some of these. It does have these little sort of scores next to them in terms of how relevant they are. And you can search tags by either relevance. So this is how relevant they are to the video. You can also search by keyword score as well. So looking for things where you've got really good keyword score with the, which we'll look at with the keyword analyzer and then you've also got various different ones here. You can also search by search traffic as well. So this is based on the volume that has been driven to your video. Now this is saying, look, sorry, no videos have been driven to this video through YouTube search. So this is one that you'll have a look at like after you've started to get traffic to your video and it will find out what the search terms that people have been using to find your video so that you can actually add those in as tags to improve on the click-throughs that you're getting basically, or the search results that you're getting, I should say. Now I will just draw one thing to your attention with tags. I do need to mention this because I went for several months without even noticing this was here. In fact, I've just noticed in this recommended tags, look Nick Nimmin is recommended in there. Well, what I'm about to tell you, I heard from his brother, Dean Nimmin. So here it says, tags can be useful if content in your video is commonly misspelled. Otherwise tags play a minimal role in helping viewers find your video. So just bear that in mind. That said, it is still here as a feature for you to use. So I'd recommend still using it. Don't just leave it completely blank. But it has given you a little bit of a clue there. Tags can be useful if content in your video is commonly misspelled. So think about putting misspellings and things like that, things that people might search for in a slightly incorrect way that you can think to include in there, common misspellings and things like that, that will still help your video get found. So that is just something to bear in mind. But a far better way to focus your attention is on basically the keywords that you're using in your videos. And that's what the Keyword Explorer does. And in the next video, I'm gonna be telling you all about the Keyword Explorer and how you can use it to basically craft better titles and descriptions.


How much do you enjoy coming back for this? Well, it's just like the time that you had when you were playing. This was the biggest day of the year for a lot of us. You know, and it's certainly it's great to always see the guys because you play eight months out of the year with them and you become a good close knit family. But then when you walk away from the game, you give all of that up to not just the game, but all of the friendships that you made, you know, and all the time that you were there. So, like it was in the 70s when I was young and you'd see Mannell and Maris and Ford and all of those great Yankee players walk through that door. It was special and this is special when you get to, when you get to hobnob with your friends again. Talk about special. There are not too many people that have their number retired here in Monument Park. Your plaque is right behind us. That's got to make you smile, Ron.   You know, did I do a good enough job?  You know, it was good enough. I think you definitely did good enough. Hey, there's a lefty in the Yankees rotation right now in Nesta Cortez that's been impressing. What have you thought of him this season? Well, it's great and you know, I'm happy for Nesta because he's battled through a lot of things, you know, to get where he's at. He's having fun. The crowd has fun with him and that's important. So, you know, I'm across my fingers that he just keeps learning and he keeps getting better and better and he has a great career while he's here. A lot of people often say once a Yankee, always a Yankee. How dialed in are you every night when this team is playing? Well, I'm always paying attention to what's going on, but sometimes I get upset when I'm watching and things don't work out. Well, lucky for you this year, that doesn't happen all that often. What have you thought of the season that Aaron Judge has been having? It's phenomenal and you know, he's such a great guy. I mean, I just love watching him play. He's having so much fun playing. I'm not sure he even thinks about what he's doing. He's just going through and most of the time when you go about that way and you just have fun, it seems things just work out so much easier because you don't put any pressure on yourself. Just do what you can do best. All right, I'm going to put you on the spot. How would Louisiana Lightning attack Aaron Judge to try to get the app? Oh, I laughed at him already. He got a hole up here. And I told him, I said, as soon as you think that you got that one, here comes that one. I'm sure you have a good time with that one. Gator, thanks for the time. Enjoy the day. Thanks, Mary.


Let me thank all of you for coming. Let me thank the Green Mountain Community Chorus for their music and they're going to return in a little while. You know, before COVID, we used to do these things on an annual basis, not only here in Burlington, but all over the state. And it was very important for us to bring people together and to have a nice time. But COVID put a damper on that, obviously. So we're glad to be back again. We thank the Hilton here for their help in arranging this. What I wanted to do is just chat for a few minutes about what's going on in Washington. Then I'm going to stop and take your questions and your comments. But before I even begin, let me mention here that we have an office located here in Burlington. The 1-800 number that really does a very, very good job in helping Vermonters with their problems, whether it's social security, veterans, Medicare, Medicaid, whatever it may be, housing. We do our best and we have some really good staff. So if you or anybody you know, family, friends, has a problem, do not hesitate to give us a ring, that's what we are there for. Right now, as all of you know, our staff is focused on the terrible flooding that we experienced a number of weeks ago. It was the worst natural disaster in our state since 1927. 4,000 homes were damaged. Some of them are not going to be rebuilt. I was in Burry after the flood. It was just terrible. Just terrible what the flood did there. And in other places, Montpelier downtown, very bad, London area, such a lot of towns, we get very, very hot. So we're working right now to try to bring in the disaster relief money that the state needs working with the governor and the delegation to make that happen. So that is up and most on our minds. But obviously what we are dealing with in Washington, so all of you know, is not just the flood. I think it is fair to say that the moment in which we are living in today might be the most difficult, challenging moment in our lifetimes. You know, the 1930s, some of you may have been around men. The terrible was the depression on climate was high. Obviously the civil war back in the 1860s was terrible, etc. But this is a difficult, difficult moment in American history. And what are some of the issues that we are dealing with and what is Washington doing when not doing too often and is not doing to address them? Issue number one, anybody in this room gets hooked on Fox TV and thinks that climate change is not real. You are terribly, terribly mistaken. We are living in a moment where the last eight years have been the warmest on record. Just this last July, last month, warmest July, recorded history. July 4th was the warmest day ever recorded on Earth. And it's not just the United States. China had a temperature of 123 degrees. They had flooding which drove a million people out of the big Beijing area. Iran literally had to shut down its country. People couldn't go to work. It was so hot, Latin America, Africa, you name it. Right now the buildings probably still will be far as far as into Tibet. Remember breathing in not only air?  I was in Washington at the worst of it. And this farce fire, this motor from the farce fire went all the way, many parts of the country. And it created the worst hand days that people had ever seen. We were in Washington and I went out for a walk. You were reading in this horrible, horrible air. Absolutely water. People got sick from that. And I don't have to tell anybody not only what happened in Vermont, last month or happened in a terrible death toll I was seeing in Maui, in Hawaii, which is a beautiful, beautiful island which has some devastating fires which essentially are caused by what climate change is doing. So this is a problem that has to be done. Is Congress doing much to deal with it? We're doing something. Last year in a bill called the inflation adjustment act, we put hundreds of billions of dollars into energy efficiency and sustainable energy. One of the provisions that I got in will make it easier for middle-class, working-class, low-income people to put solar panels on their rooftops. How many people here have solar rooftop? Solar panels. You're saving a lot of money in your electrical, right? So a lot of people don't know they say, well, solar is good. It's good for the climate. It cuts pollution. That's true. But you know what else it does? It saves, so in San Francisco, and Jane and I put solar on our house about seven years ago, I think, our electric bill went down by 80%, which is about average, okay? Now, the condo is that a lot of people can't afford the initial upfront investment for the solar, which depends on tax credits and how big your house is. We spent, I think, about $14,000, $15,000. So what this bill does is either provides grants or loans to people to put the solar on, and if they have to repay the loan, it will not be anyone in their current electric bill. So if you pay $100,000 to repay the loan at the end of the 79 years, that's it. You own the solar, and you have virtually free electricity. So this is what we're trying to do all over the country. And solar and energy efficiency, investing in energy efficiency, something we saw here in this city when I was mayor, we had some bond issues for people supported. I'm sure it's changed a little bit. But for a number of years in the city of Burlington, while the city grew, the city with the power of electric power was not using any more electricity because of energy efficiency. So those are the two directions we are moving into. We saw in other renewable energies and making sure that what we do is more energy efficient. So that's issue number one. Issue number two that we deal with, I am now the chairman of a committee in the Senate for the health education labor and pension committee, which is a big deal. It's a big committee. And one of the issues we are tackling is the high cost of prescription drugs. Now an issue we are taking on the pharmaceutical industry, which is the industry of incredible greed. These guys want everything. They are charging us in this country the highest prices in the world by far for prescription drugs. Some of you may recall, but a number of years ago, many years ago now, and I was at the conference actually, I took a chair from St. Louis, I went through Montreal to help women who were dealing with breast cancer and they needed a drug called Mosulet, still used. They bought that drug in Montreal for one-tenth of the price they had to pay in the line, one-tenth of the price. But a couple of years ago, I went from Detroit, Michigan to Ruseau, Ontario, to San Diego, where a lot of people find insulin drugs. Insulin, big deal, because we have major prices of diabetes. They take one-tenth of the price. So we are working hard to take on the pharmaceutical industry, loan the cost of prescription drugs. Not easy. They are a very, very powerful industry that owns a lot of medicine and commerce. Last session, we had some success. If you're on Medicare, it will kick in. You should not have to pay more than $35,000 a month for insulin. That's a step forward. More importantly, within a short period of time, I can't remember what next year, two years. And this is a big deal. No senior in America will have to pay more than $2,000 out of pocket costs. So if you have it right now, and you take on a lot of medicine, that will be a big deal. Third issue, which of course the pharmaceutical industry is running through the courts to get out of the term, is maybe the most important. The reason we pay the highest prices in the world is they have never been regulations on the industry. So they come up with a drug, or they have a drug. Maybe it's been out there for 20 years. And they say, hey, guess what, we didn't. Let's double the price. Well, no, let's triple the price. What's the difference? No one stops us. It's not against the law. And that's what they do. See, a drug's been on the market for a long period of time. They just double-chirped against what the market can best. Over the very first time, what Medicare will do in a couple of years is negotiate prices with the pharmaceutical industry. Starting off small. We pay drugs. Why do we use drugs? So in other words, the pharmaceutical industry will not be able to charge any price they want. This is something that the Veterans Administration has been doing for decades. And doing it well. Which is why the VA pays by far the lowest prices in this country. So I'm going to be introducing the bill. I don't know if it will get passed because of all the opposition from the industry and even if it will get paid by the industry. But basically, what it will say, it's kind of doing what the Canadians do.  Look at what goes on in Europe. Look at what goes on in Japan. And in the United States, we will not pay more than the average cost of those drugs fall over the world. That would lower prescription drugs by 50%. The other issue that we're working on on the committee, we're working on it, literally my staff is working on it, literally as I stand here. And that is, I don't have to tell anybody that the healthcare system in America is broken. Is that true? Okay. What does that mean? I want to go through what broken means and what I believe the alternatives are. Number one, we spend as an agent. Who wants that? Help me out here. Guess how much we spend per person? Every man will have a job in America on healthcare. What's the guess? $13,000 a year per person. You got that? Now, that includes Medicare, Medicaid, the VA, what your employer is you, what people pay out of pocket. Okay? It includes all of that. And they're all together. And divided up by the 320 million people in America. It turns out it was spending $13,000 each person. That is double what any other country ever spends. Double what our friends, 50 miles more of us spend. Why is the 30 cents function? What's the function of the current healthcare system? You got it. The function of the current healthcare system is not to provide quality care to all people. That should be the function. The function is to make as much money as possible for the insurance companies and the drug companies. And that is exactly what was happening right now. At the end of the day, in my view, and it's going to take just a massive effort to make it happen, we are moving in the direction of what Europe does, what Canada does. If you get to sit in Canada, and their system is not perfect, I'm not going to tell you it is, but if you get to sit in Canada, and you're in a hospital for four weeks, how much is the ability to do that? Anyone know? Zero. Zero. Zero. You walk into a doctor's office, how much do you pay? Zero. Okay. And they cover every man, woman, and child in that country, in our country about 85 million people who are uninsured, uninsured. They do that for a handful of us per person that we pay. Now, here's where the problem lies. When I propose what we call a Medicare for all system, there are 37 ads on television saying, Bernie Sanders wants to raise your taxes. Okay? And some degree, not sure. On the other hand, what Bernie wants to do is eliminate all of your premiums, your co-payments, your deductibles. So if you have to pay, if you have to pay, you have to pay $5,000 more a year in taxes, and you save $10,000 a year, and out of pocket and insurance costs seems to be like your $5,000 to the good. So that's the ultimate fight. But we're tenting on the drug companies, the insurance companies, a lot of powerful people to make that happen. And it's not going to happen tomorrow. But I'm trying to do something in a smaller way, at least, working really hard, trying to get high partisan support. And that is to expand primary health care in America. What does that mean? It means that other countries around the world invest 10, 15% of their non-care allies in primary health care. Primary health care means that everybody has the opportunity to walk into an opt-in office when you are sick, walk into a dental office, dental tradition, go into a dentist when you need to. Now, what is the advantage of that? Well, the obvious advantage is that when people are sick, they should be able to find a doctor. But for the system, the truth is we save money when you are able to go into an opt-in when you are sick. Why? Because if you don't have an opt-in, you're going to go to the emergency room, which is the most expensive for primary health care.  You're not in the hospital, which is outrageous to the extent. So keeping people healthy, keeping people healthy is not only the right thing to do for the humane point of view. It saves the system money. So I'm trying to significantly increase funding for primary care so we can keep people out of the hospital. The other issue is that despite the fact that we spend so much on health care, literally speaking, we don't have enough doctors in America. We don't have enough nurses in America. We don't have enough mental health providers. Mental health is a huge issue in this country right now. We don't have enough dentists in America. We don't have pharmacists in America. So we have to grow the health care work for something that we are working very, very hard on. So those are some of the issues that I'm touching on. Let me just touch on a few others that we're looking at. I want you to be thinking about this because you're looking at probably the only member in the Congress who talks about it. But it needs to be talked about. All right. One of the things that concerns me is that you live in a nation right now where some 60% of our people are living in paycheck to paycheck. You don't know what that means. You do know what it means. Unfortunately, you do know what it means. It means that you have to pay rent. You have to buy food. You've got to go to the doctor's office. At the end of the week, you've got nothing to say.  Why is that? Of course, the housing in America, skyrocketing, childcare, very expensive, gasoline in the pump, expensive. Doctors' appointments, very, very expensive. So you've got all those costs, but wages for the average American have not kept up with that inflation. In fact, this is an amazing fact. I want you to think about it. And that is over the last 50 years, real inflation accounted for wages. You know what that means? That means wages have taken inflation into consideration. Real wages for American workers have virtually not gone up at all. Got that? So you've got all of the technology, all of the computers. And when I was mayor of Burlington in the 80s, when I walked into the city, I was like, they don't have any computers. Cell phones does not exist. So you've got all of this new technology, and yet the average worker in America is no better off than he or she was 50 years ago. On the other hand, the people on top are doing phenomenally well. So you've got more income and wealth in the quality today than we have ever had in the history of America. Now, very few people talk about it. I talk about it. Because to me, it is not moral and it is not good economics that three people on top, Elon Musk and a few of his friends, own more wealth than a lot of half of American society. Got that? Three people. Almost all of the new income goes to the people on top. So our struggle, ultimately, is to try to create an economy that works for everybody, not just the billionaires and the 1%. The situation is more complicated. What do you think the billionaires do with their money? They invest their income. So right now is the result of a Supreme Court decision called Citizens United. You all hear that? What that decision, what the Supreme Court said, is for all of you who are billionaires, and I know we've got the billionaires in this store right now, you can spend hundreds of millions of dollars. Nobody knows it. Go to the bank, take out a couple hundred million dollars, put it into a super PAC, Citizens for Good Government. And then you run hands on television, attacking people who are trying to stand up, working people, supporting other people. You can control the political process. So we need real campaign, financed reform to make sure the billionaires don't run out of money. The issues, and they are waiting and difficult issues. There are many, many other issues on your mind. Those are some of the issues that we are dealing with right now. Let me conclude by just saying what I said in the beginning. If you have any personal issues, what is this? Haley is right here. Ryan is right here. Where is Hannah? Kate is here. Hannah is over there. We've got staff right here. Just give us your phone number, and we will get back to you if there are any personal issues who wants to do it. Okay, let's open it up. Any questions? Who has the mic? Kate, you got it? How many mics do we have? I'll take that one. Is this on? Yeah. Are you ready? Yeah. I didn't know this until last fall, but what I'm about to say is something that you can do something about because it has nothing to do with Congress. It's about Medicare. So last fall, the governor asked the state whether he could allow the impose upon retired state employees with Medicare advantage. He thought the governor, and he was trying to bypass the union, but the secretary stepped in. All things are good right now. We're bargaining for what we have. This is a non-profit, I found out that under the Trump administration, traditional Medicare, not Medicare advantage, was beginning to be privatized through the innovation program called the Red Contact. And it's continuing under the Biden administration. And according to what I gave to you, which you can read, by the Physicians National Healthcare Program group, the Biden administration, bureaucrats have managed to expand the privatization of traditional Medicare over the next two to eight years. This means they're giving money to direct contracting entities which is capitated so that Medicare employees with their providers will be... You're touching on a very important issue. And that is, Medicare traditionally has been enormously popular and enormously successful. It has its problems, but it's a very strong part. Over the last number of years, United Insurance and other big insurance companies, essentially want to privatize Medicare in the same way it's going to want to privatize Social Security and Medicaid and everything else. So you're right, and it's a very serious problem. It's not within the jurisdiction of my committee, it's another committee, but we do understand it and it's something that has to do with you.  All right, I'm here for a very long time.  The thing I have a concern about is I believe it's capped at $160,000. After $160,000, you pay multiple securities. Now, meet Elon Musk at all those cronies, the billionaire, the ball player, the football player, the baseball player, the people in Hollywood, everybody, they don't pay any Social Security after $160,000. Now my suggestion is, instead of putting the cap every year on Social Security after the beginning, put it on the end, and most of you could get, let's say, $5,000, but paying Social Security on what you earn and you will never have a problem with Social Security. What do you think is correct? Correct. Well, Fred, guess what? I introduced that as a question. All right. Well, Fred is saying it's exactly right. Here's the scandal. I'm going to take two minutes on this one. You've got to trust what trust means, the money that Social Security accumulates over the inputs in the bank, so to speak. And what people say, which is true, is that in a certain period, that trust fund is going to disappear. So number one, though, when that trust fund disappears, does it mean that Social Security is going broke? It means the trust savings is going to disappear. 75%, 80% of the money it goes out comes in for work with today. I don't think it's going to work. I've had a social security that when it comes in, it goes out the whole time. That's number one. But the Social Security trust fund is shrinking. We have to deal with it. Now, what Fred said is exactly correct. Here is the scandal. The scandal is you make $160,000 a year. You pay whatever, 60% into Social Security. I don't know if that's the exact amount. If you make $160 billion a year, you pay the same amount. So our legislation does have a lot of support. Is it this one? When we're going to lift the cap, get rid of that cap at 160%, tax the people on all of their income, which will impact, not impact the bottom 98%, just the top, or the 2%, it will bring in enough money, A, to make Social Security solvent for 75 years of your kids and grandchildren. And number two, it will increase Social Security benefits. All right? Because right now, there are a lot of seniors trying to get money on $15,000 to $16,000 a year for Social Security. All right? And that's tough to do. So we want to increase benefits. So brand package 100% right. That's the bill that I introduced. We have a number of post losses on it. That is the solution for the Social Security problems. We have an issue with cost-living adjustments here. Every October 1st, when the new federal budget near starts, we get a cost-living adjustment for those of us who get staff benefits, which is probably quite a few of them. And then on January 1st, we get a total of for our Social Security. The same meeting we've recalculated our staff benefits and they went down 40% to 60%. So there goes a big chunk of our Social Security total. It vanishes. It disappears. How can we e-couple these two things? You're absolutely right.  They don't need money. But instead of going to the place where you should be going, to the people who have the money, they go to people who are struggling. That is a bad way to raise money. You're on staff. You know, you should not be forced to pay more people as you got a Social Security check. Your Social Security should not be reduced. So you're absolutely right. Now, give me another example of how that works. Same principle.  And you're getting benefits to childcare. Well, you don't want to get a decent job and make a little bit more money. You can lose a lot of childcare benefits. It's the same thing. We're penalizing poor people for trying to survive, lowering our people. And that's wrong. Okay. Katie? My name is John Sager. We're both Social Security recipients. We also pay Medicare out of Social Security. The issue that we have is that when we were employed and had health insurance, that health insurance premiums that we paid were not counted for taxes out of our income. But when you, with Medicare, taken out of Social Security, those premiums would be paid for Medicare and also for supplemental is taxed. And that's not fair to people who are on Social Security. So I don't understand why the government is taxing those premiums that we paid. Well, the answer is, it's easier to tax low income and working people than billionaires. That's the answer. All of these questions get to the same point. We're talking about tax policy. That what you're talking about? All right. Give me an example. Piece of the paper yesterday. Fall in the suit of law industry which makes huge profits. What they do is they take their profits, they put them in Europe where the tax rate is low when they pay very little taxes in the United States. Elon Musk probably plays to be lower effective tax rate than usually. So it is always when you're going to fill up your gas tank, it is a regressive form of taxation. So what we're trying to do is to fight for progressive taxation. That means if you've got a lot of money, you should be asked to pay your fair share of taxes. That does not exist right now. That touches on exactly what you're talking about. So your point is well taken. Just as this gentleman's point is well taken. You don't go after low-income or middle-income people and raise their taxes or lower the burden on that. You go after the people doing phenomenally well the large corporations who are enjoying record-breaking profits. Okay. Where are you? There you are. Yeah. I'm Senator Sanders. My name is Sal Melicham and I'm changing the subject to climate change. Okay. When you were talking about the fires in Canada, we only heard about the smoke. We never heard about the fires. And it was like, do we go help our neighbors? It seems like the only time we go to help our neighbors is with guns. Is there anything about us asking or going to help our neighbors fight these fires? Yeah. You know, I remember the President not so long ago, I raised that variation. He said there is since what, I think, but it's complicated the Canadian Fire Service is different than how it's always publicly done. But your point is very well taken. And I think as we see more and more natural disasters taking place throughout the world, the world's going to have to come together to figure out how we address them. So I think I think somebody is going to have to use part of the military to do that as well. But you're right. I mean right now I think those fires look like a public silvering and it's outside. Okay. Other questions? No, go ahead. Where's the mic? Yeah, okay. Senator, I've racked out I'm sorry, I'm going to be a 10-year-old. I've racked out a priority for a girl from Vermont. I think all this is so out of the way to our needs in health care and always with a strong support of working families. One important element of that is community. And there is a bill of Vermont that we can consider in order to speak to the value and importance of the Washington State. Look, thank you very much. Absolutely. You know, we think of ourselves as the richest country on Earth. And in some respects that's correct. We are all together we are. But as I mentioned earlier the problem with that is we have massive income throughout the economy. Also, our social programs are much weaker than many other countries. The gentleman talked about paid family and medical leave. Guess what, we are the only major country on Earth that has that guarantee paid family and medical leave. So right now there are women in America low income working class women making 12 bucks an hour 15 bucks an hour. They have a baby they got to go back to work a week after they have that baby because they have that guarantee any income to stay home. So obviously we are fighting for paid family and medical leave for the very first time getting a guarantee of at least seven days of guarantee sick leave for American workers. Anybody have any idea if you were in Norway and you had a baby what benefits do you have? Does anybody know? It depends on the country but you can get up to a year off to stay home with all pay on three quarters pay. Got that? You have a vacation time throughout Europe people are guaranteed 30 days, 40 days of paid vacation. So we are behind many of other countries and we are trying to do what we can any OK, other questions? Question here right? OK, Waldo? I just want to take this opportunity to thank you for all the good ideas and my question is what do you think we can do to restore legitimacy to our three quarters? Sad to say as you noted in the case is we are living in a very politicized country and part of that liberalization is the Supreme Court. The theory of the Supreme Court is that you can politics aside and you look at the Constitution the laws of America and you render the best decision that you can. I don't think too many Americans think that that is now the case. You have a very bright Supreme Court which has passed something terrible, terrible made some very, very terrible decisions in recent years. I mentioned earlier there's Citizens United which is going a long way under my American democracy. Recently some of all of you know that there was this Docs decision which did away with Roe v. Wade and the right for women to be able to control their own lives. There are other decisions that come down and type that are pro-corporate anti-worker and so forth. So it is a tough one but I think there are more ways to do that with Supreme. If you're on the Supreme Court you're not necessarily guaranteed a lifetime appointment on that court. You are guaranteed a lifetime judiciary according to the Constitution but there are scholars who think you can rotate people to the Supreme Court and put them into other federal courts. That is a very, very important issue. There's every single issue that we're trying to deal with if you're going to have people running to the Supreme Court and then going to turn. Hello Bernie, my name is Hank I live in the North End. I share your frustration about virtually every one of these issues and I see the absolute root to all of it as you pointed out is to overturn a sentence united. Unfortunately, we are far, far away from getting there. I have been working for several years to try and get a constitutional amendment to overturn a sentence united through the state legislature method of amending the Constitution. That has failed up to this point. I don't want our state to volunteer to do that and I'm proud of that but that together with the lack of excess profits taxes in this country that allowed millionaires to become trillionaires we've all worked hard on all these issues following a great example of leadership but what can we do today to overturn a sentence united and get an excess profits tax because we'll be there to help you and we are well it's not just me, there are other people who are working really hard on that. Another issue not on the way to what you're talking about is the use of the filibuster in the Senate where people like Senator Mercury of Oregon are working very hard on that. All right, but you should not I'm not sure what you do now is that a few years ago we brought legislation to the floor in this United you got zero Republicans support for that and we lost two, I think it was two coalition members managing the Senate and we couldn't pass it but the American it's an interesting point because I think no matter what your politics may be nobody or very few people think it is appropriate that billionaires should be able to control the democratic process so we have the support of the people behind us I think we've got to elect people to Congress who are prepared to pass legislation which essentially does away with citizens I believe I believe in some communities in the states that will be in this direction is public funding in other words what that means what that means is if I call up some billionaire and you guys are going to send me all kinds of money it's very possible to defeat me but if you have a limit on how much people can spend that's doing away with citizens of the United and then saying let's go over to the last person you don't have a lot of money you want to run for all the time you're going to get the money you need where you do public funding of elections if you have a certain threshold you're going to get help and you can run a serious campaign there are states that do that, Maine does some of that for example there's an issue of campaign financial reform, election reform gerrymandering reform enormously important I hope people stay tuned and pay attention to those issues okay a couple more questions I'll go right here okay thank you senator I got the B.A. for insurance thank god I always got Medicare I know you pushed Medicare because I can't afford the premium that's one issue the second issue is what can you do about the crime, the drug use and the homelessness in Burlington that's a very good question all I would say is you know it's an issue I'm sure the mayor and the city council are attempting to deal with I will tell you that the issue of homelessness is a huge issue in this state not not only here in Burlington but around the state I've got around the state and if you talk to police officers you talk to teachers you talk to local officials just on a wrap or the other day homelessness in a high cost of housing is a major major issue and when you have homelessness and drug addiction you're going to have crime with it so Burlington is hurting communities all over this country are hurting let me take a moment to tell you about what we did try to do what we did try to do about those things during the COVID pandemic you all remember that the economy really collapsed unemployment and I'm sorry do you remember a plan called the American Rescue Plan how many of you have checked 1400 bucks alright if you were unemployed during that time your unemployment was extended if you worked in the hospital you know the hospital had huge amounts of money because it was being flooded with people with COVID people had to deal with school systems got money childcare centers got money we expanded Medicaid because people lost their health insurance as chairman of the budget committee working with the president we helped write that $1.9 trillion dollar bill which helped get this country out of the worst economic downturn in modern history but that was not enough what we wanted to do was come back and deal with some of the systemic and structural crises facing this country including homelessness and housing and healthcare and drug addiction we put together a massive bill that was unprecedented in modern America that in fact would have dealt with hundreds of billions of dollars going into low income and affordable housing money going to help the addiction treatment we don't have enough counselors by any means we lost that vote in the senate by 2 votes so that fight has got to continue homelessness crime serious problems not only in Vermont but all over this country alright maybe one more question we're going to go from here I have all of you from in here I just want to say all of these issues that have been brought up today still to be very interconnected we have a huge humanitarian problem in this country first of all in our borders but how right now our mental issue there are not going to be costs to have to worry about because of the forest and flooding I'm generally a very optimistic person but I can't say the optimism because of complexity the amount of problems are from all experience so I can't let lessons live in Vermont but I still see of the horizon that we're going to be facing a lot more how can we get all of our seniors together to kind of solve some of these issues that could be included well look thank you very much for your question you know as I began my remarks by Tom I wish I could tell you all about this these are the most physical things in my mind that's what we call climate democracy crime the attacks on a very democratic foundation people want to literally go away from democracy alright I'll tell you this does anybody know who Bill McKibbin is does that mean anything? Bill is was a ripped it and Bill has been in the forefront of climate change for 20 years what do you know about it? what do you know about it? what do you know about it? and Bill has recently he organized the group now he'll be sewing he has a great idea he understands that many of you senior citizens you are passionately concerned about these issues that we're talking about many of you are retired you want to do meaningful things he is trying to organize seniors into a powerful political force to do just that and let me get back to you any of you get the burning buzz you ever see the burning buzz? alright we send that out on a regular basis and check it out we'll communicate with you about how you are powerful force and if we don't want billionaires to have all the power then the antidote is you people aren't going to stand up and fight back so who will work to try to do what we can to build mobilized seniors around the issues that we're talking about let me just let me just again thank all of you for being here let me thank the Green Mountain men's chorus let me thank all of them for their catering event Joe Tangway right here to his home and now I think we're going to turn the mic back to the Green Mountain men's chorus gentlemen, take order


So I went to my creator studio, because I wanted this video's thumbnail to be the exact same thing as the video where I reviewed the first Freddy Files thumbnail. But apparently, if we have a quick search for- Nope, I gotta put files, because we did all that stuff. I never actually reviewed the first one, which is weird. The thumbnail I was thinking about was the one for the survival log book. I don't know why I never reviewed the first Freddy Files. It was really, really good. So I have no thumbnail to go off of, so I just did my own thing. But we're not here to talk about the thumbnail for the entire time, because I now have, I've got some of my headphones, the updated edition of the Freddy Files featuring the one and only scrap baby on the cover. It's kind of hard to show you guys this, because there's a glare from the window. Now, I want to say something right off the bat, because I know loads of people are going to be upset when I don't show all the pages. I won't be showing any pages, or I'll show some pages, but I'm not going to show you everything. I can't- I'm not supposed to show you any pages in the first place, because the book's not out yet. It comes out tomorrow. But I got it early. It was at my Barnes & Noble, which is kind of weird. But yeah, I got it one day early. It releases tomorrow. There's a link down in the description for you guys to go buy it. So I can't show you that many pages, but I will show you a few. One I want to start off with right off the bat. The first one, and probably the most important photo in the book. This buckaroo right here. Yup. That is the teaser for the next Five Nights at Freddy's project. Oh my god, I'm super blurry. And then of course, this is the cover. Again, it's kind of hard to show you guys, because there's a glare from my window, because it's a nice day outside. Up top, it says Freddy Files. FNAF Freddy Files updated edition. It has Scrap Baby in the middle. At the bottom, it has the updated official guidebook to the best-selling video game series. And it has a few pictures. And on all, it basically is the exact same cover of the previous one right there. But just updated. The back adds a little at the top, saying the best-selling official guidebook to the Five Nights at Freddy's is now updated with 64 pages of new content exploring Freddy Fazbear's Pizzeria Simulator and Ultimate Custom Night. It doesn't say it here, but it also does cover a little bit about the survival logbook, that one, and the original Freddy Files, that one. Contents is also updated with Freddy Fazbear's Pizzeria Simulator and Ultimate Custom Night added in. And by the way, everything on FNAF 1 through this location is the exact same thing. They haven't changed a single thing about it. They only added FNAF 6 and Ultimate Custom Night, fourth closet in this five logbook to this book. Everything else before it is the exact same as the original one right there. They just added in some new information about the new releases. FNAF 6 is where the Freddy Fazbear's Pizzeria Simulator section begins. And as you can see, it has the artwork from the title screen. And it really just, I don't know, it just fits in this book. You know, all the other artwork from the previous chapters. Let me see if I can find one quickly. I'm on this location. Okay, anyone pass it? No, I'm on FNAF 4. It just fits the rest of the book. It suits it very, very well. You know, that's FNAF 4. I can show you guys that because that is already out in the first book right there. Which I guess I'll leave a link to buy it if you missed the first one. And then it also has artwork for the start of Ultimate Custom Night right here. It's not really artwork. Now that I say that, it is just the level select. That's how it wanted. It is the grid with all the characters on it set to 50-20 mode. Which, there's no artwork. I guess that makes sense because Ultimate Custom Night is just a mashup of all the other games. But it also kind of suits the game. Here's the animatronics inventory section for Freddy Fazbear's Pizzeria Simulator. As you can see, we have Molten Freddy, Scrap Trap, Scrap Baby, and Lefty. All of which have a pretty decent amount of information for them. You know, description, what price they're at in the game, what night you can salvage them on. It's pretty informational. And here's a little bit of gameplay and strategies for Ultimate Custom Night. This is only two pages. There are a few more about the strategies and gameplay of Custom Night. Because again, it's got a lot of controls. So, you know, it takes up a few pages, but that is just two pages. It even shows you all the challenges and what the characters are set to on that challenge. It shows you all the characters on it and what they're set to, like I just said. And it does that for all 16 challenges in Custom Night. Now, there's a reason why I wanted to get this book early. Not just because I wanted to show you guys this as soon as possible. Because it is a very, very interesting book and can be very, very helpful for some players struggling with FNAF. But also because of this. Again, I'm probably not supposed to be showing this, but as you can see right there, my fingers in the way a little bit. There are actually some fan-made models of the characters. I don't know if you can really see it, such as Trash and the Gang down there. There's also, you know, Rockstar Chica and Nightmare Bonnie, Freddy, and Bonnie, Front and Foxy, all those guys. Those are all fan-made models that were put into this book on accident by Scholastic. And as weird as that sounds, I actually wanted to have them in here because they're going to get rid of that soon. And so I've technically got an OG copy of this book, which is pretty cool. It is kind of annoying that I don't have the actual models in there, but like I said, you know, OG. As you can see, it goes on to talk about the fourth closet and some information on that. And it talks about the survival logbook a bit. It's kind of blurry, but you guys can hopefully read that. Can it not be blurry? Please? Please? Ah, whatever. Well, as you can see, it talks about the logbook and again, very informational. I already showed you guys, but there he is again. I've actually already done a video talking about that version of Springtrap. So if you missed that, you know, it's a up there icon. Boom. Go watch that. That is all I'm allowed to say for the updated edition of the Freddy Files. Amazing. I love it. It is a little bit annoying that the majority of this book is already talked about in the Freddy Files right there, but getting more information on new releases for FNAF really, really helpful. It is actually very, very helpful. It may not sound like it, but trust me, guys, if you're having difficulty with FNAF, or if you just want to know more about how the game is made and the characters in the games, I definitely recommend buying these two books. Very informational. That's it for this review right here. I love it. Fantastic book. Highly, highly recommend it. And hopefully you guys are going to be able to get it tomorrow. So thank everyone so much for watching. Like I said, links down below to buy the first book and the updated edition of the book. So thank everyone so much for watching, and I will see you all on the flip side. Goodbye.


This is stock number 9518. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used light-duty truck headquarters. Remember, we are the guys with the trucks on 41. Today, we are checking out this super clean 2017 Ford F-150 supercruise short box. This vehicle has the 2.7 liter EcoBoost V6 motor, which pumps out an amazing 325 horsepower. From this HD video, you will be able to tell that this truck is extremely clean all the way around. Ignat Silver is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p, so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or a smartphone device, turn them on now because it's like you're right here looking at the truck with me. Factory polished aluminum rims. They are 18 inch. Mastercraft Corsair 275 65 hour 18 tires, and these are brand new tires on here. You put these on during our safety inspection. Front bumper is in really nice condition as well as the front grille. I didn't see any dents or dings on the hood. Passenger side rim is in excellent condition as well. No scuffs or scrapes, and that tire is brand new too. As you go down this side of the truck, you can see just how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. We take these HD videos, so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down, you can still see the truck, hear the truck, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. Cab is in really nice shape, and I didn't see any dents or dings down this side of the truck. Factory step bars. Back rim is in excellent condition as well as are the back tires. Underneath, frame and underbody is in really nice condition. They're little to no corrosion, and all the rockers look nice and clean as well. We want to make sure you get the most accurate representation of the vehicle as possible, so when you get here there are absolutely no surprises. It does have a full towing package, which includes a receiver hitch, four pin, and seven pin wiring. Tailgate is nice and clean. Didn't see any dents or dings on that. This one does have the power drop-down tailgate, so you can do that with the button on the back, or you can do it with your keyless remote. Bed is nice and clean, and it does have the LED bed lighting. Just press the button there, and then it'll turn it on and off. It does have a drop-in bed mat, blind spot monitoring, back-up sensors, and as you go down this side of the truck, just as clean as that passenger side. It does have the capless fuel fill. You get the tow mirrors. They have blind spot indicators in them, and built-in directional signals, and they are heated as well.  There are no rips or tears in these seats. Both these seats are heated. You got carpeting. It's really nice underneath there. Power windows, power locks, power mirrors, Autohead lamps, power pedals. This is for your side lights on your mirrors. You can turn those on and off. Inside you can see that you have the instrument display right here, and you can see that this truck has 66,278 miles. Leather-wrapped steering wheel, that's in really nice condition. No major rips or tears on that. Audio controls on that side, cruise controls on that side. This one does have the my Ford touchscreen radio. As you can see, it has Android auto capabilities on it and Apple CarPlay, so you can hook up your cell phone and display navigation and everything on there. This one also has a backup camera right there. They're your dual climate controls as well as your heated and cooled seat buttons. This one does have the ProTrailer backup system. Turn dial four-wheel drive, push button start. As you can see it has remote start and the power drop down tailgate. And this one also has start-stop capabilities. You got your home link buttons up there. Power slide and rear window. Passenger seat is very clean as well. No rips or tears on that. And we got a floor mat on that side too. Under here we have a plug-in. That is a 110-400 watt max plug-in. And we'll take a quick look at the back seats, and then we will check out under the hood. Back seats are very clean as well. No rips or tears back here. It does have the power slide and rear window with the built-in rear defrost latch child safety system. Has an all-weather floor mat back here as well, and the carpeting is like new. Two USB ports and then another 110 volt 400 watt plug-in back here, and we'll take a quick look under the hood. 2.7 liter V6 EcoBoost motor, 325 horsepower. Engine bay is very clean, runs very smooth. This truck has been fully safety-danned and inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. Has four brand new tires, and is 100% ready to go. To see more pictures of this truck, or one of our other 400 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, half-tons, three-quarter-tons, one-tons, you name it. We got to go to our website www.SummitAuto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle on our lot. Videos of every single used vehicle that we have all at www.SummitAuto.com. If you want to check out just our used inventory, you can go to www.TrucksOn41.com. And thanks for checking out the video. If you want to make it yours, give us a call right now.<PHONE_NUMBER>. Ask for one of our sales associates standing by to take your call. Once again, that number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Thanks for checking out the video. If you want to check out more, go to www.youtube.com. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this vehicle and all the videos you see there. In fact, in a second, you'll see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. It linked more half-ton truck videos like this one on your right. If you have not been to our website on the bottom, a link to this truck on our website, click those check us out. We really look forward to helping with this Super Clean 2017. Ford F-150 Super Crew Short Box. Thanks again.


When sunlight falls on a plant, you expect it to undergo photosynthesis, right and what happens when there is just a little bit of light, mostly shade? Naturally, you would expect it to do less photosynthesis and as you increase the amount of sunlight that falls on the plant, naturally the amount of photosynthesis would go up too. Let's see if we can plot all this in a graph. We are going to keep the intensity of light on the x-axis and we are going to plot the rate of photosynthesis, photosynthesis rate against the intensity of light. Now what would you expect? You would expect that when there is no intensity of light, the photosynthesis rate is zero and then as it increases, the photosynthesis rate increases, right? Like this and then you would expect as the intensity of light goes on increasing, the photosynthesis rate also goes on increasing. Turns out that that is not quite the case. So then what happens really? Well, it's true that initially when there is low intensity of light, the photosynthesis rate varies linearly with the intensity of light but as there is more and more intensity of light, what happens is the photosynthesis rate stops increasing and then just gets saturated. So the photosynthesis rate typically gets saturated at only 10% of full sunlight but why is this? Intuition would tell us that as you increase the sunlight more, the photosynthesis rate would increase more but actually there are other limiting factors like carbon dioxide and temperature. So what do I mean by limiting factors? That means they are limiting the amount of photosynthesis that can happen. Why are they limiting it? Because they themselves are not enough. For example, the temperature may be too low or too high or the carbon dioxide concentrations may be really, really low. So no matter how much you increase the amount of light, the photosynthesis rate won't increase but as long as the intensity of sunlight is low, the photosynthesis rate does increase linearly.