Here in city Singapore, with my friend, Joe Lonsdale, his first company, Palantir, was in the Hexagon on Page Mill Road, 1500 year remember that, yeah. The whole place for doing like a dollar 50 a foot, I remember on Page Mill, it cost nothing. It cost nothing, right? It was totally affordable. You can't easily do the garage startup in Silicon Valley anymore in the same way. Now, I was talking about this, my friend in biotech, everything just got fat too, because there was too much. Yeah, you don't actually need to spend nearly as much money as we do on some of these things. That's one of the things I'm working on right now to teach people is you don't need to have 200 people at your biotech company using all the really high-end prepackaged stuff. There's ways of doing things cheaper and scrappier. Yes, probably useful. That's right, it's like, with biotech kits, kits can get really expensive. It's the difference roughly between making your own coffee and pre-made coffee. I run ABC, we build lots of companies, but there's all sorts of opportunities in fixing healthcare, fixing things in defense. I like to run towards the broken things in society. I think that's what a leader's job is to do is that the things everyone else is running towards are usually the popular things, those usually aren't that broken. There's all these things that are broken about the US. Methans, it's math. No, it's drugs too. And you talk about this a lot. So the question is, let's actually acknowledge these things, let's run towards them and let's fix them. Yeah, that's one of my passions right now. The university system is broken. Let's build a new one and teach how to do it better. So that's what we're trying to do. We're trying to be leaders in the US. And I love it. And I think there has to be criticism, but there has to be constructive criticism where your alternative has to be better than the existing. And you have to learn how to build. I mean, this is why America is a great country, is we get together and we create things and we build things and we try things. Yes. And rather than just saying everything's broken well, what's your answer? Let's get together, let's fix it. So that's the energy that comes from the innovation world, the UNI part. I'm an entrepreneur, founded Palantir, founded Adapar of 2009, which is also a large global company leader in wealth management technology, started OpenGov, which you were an early investor in. Yep, Port is also great unicorn, supporting thousands of governments. And I've built a bunch of companies and a lot of people who work for me started building companies. So I started helping them. ABC is one of the larger, more successful venture funds. We've done kind of seven big funds now. And there's a lot of things you can solve with entrepreneurship. I think entrepreneurship is the best way to fix society. And what's the total AUM of ABC now? It's like, oh, I think we've raised a total about $7 billion between all the funds, give or take. We have like seven core funds, a couple of follow-on funds, some SPVs. So that's a committed capital. AUM is much higher because you get to count the markups. Right, we've raised about $7 billion and we've done well. So the ABC is a big fund. We've built a lot of things. And that turns out you can't solve every problem with entrepreneurship. So I have my policy institute at the university and try to be a leader in U.S. society. Yes. And actually that's a really deep point, which is I think you and I got to that realization maybe a little bit sooner than the broader tech community. But folks have realized you can't do everything with technology, you need some policy, you need some politics as well. Right, talk about your thinking. Well, I love the Javier Millet quote in Argentina. This like crazy guy who took over Argentina is very exciting and he's basically saying like the way Milton Friedman said just your social role is to make profit as an entrepreneur. That's correct, but you also need to try to make sure socialists don't take over your country. Right. You need both of those, right? You need both to make profit, but also to keep your government and your society functional. And you know what I love about this is lots of folks who are socialists to say you have a social responsibility as an entrepreneur and so on. And I agree, the social responsibility is keep out the socialists. Social responsibility is make sure these people who don't do things based on merit, don't do things based on functionality, who are breaking things when they get empowered to keep them out. Thomas Jefferson, he actually believed in public education. It was actually controversial. You know why you want public education? To teach them about liberty, teach them to stand demagogues and despots. Right. The whole point of public education is to teach people not to allow what we call today socialists, jealous of liberty. Jealous of liberty. Right, exactly. That is the one thing. Like he said, you know, public, university is different. University is the elite. In the university, you have to train the elite to understand our history, our great debates, like really be ready to run a free society. They're not in charge of society, but they're still in charge of government in a free society. That's one thing. But it's another thing. It's the masses in general. The number one thing is make sure they don't get corrupted and make sure they support liberty. We've totally lost that in our education. You know, the thing about this is, you know, we'll put up a graph which shows the speaking level of like US presidents. Have you seen that graph? They've gotten a lot dumber. A lot dumber since the age of Jefferson and Hamilton and so on. I wish I could talk like these guys. I read them all the time. I love them, I can read their primary courses, but they're a lot more sophisticated than we are. Yeah, it's actually, the thing that's, here's the thing that I haven't fully squared this circle, right? That, you know, when the US became independent, it was like about like 1.6 million people, something like that. It was a few million because people had Patrick Henry's speech, three millions of people ordered the whole cause of liberty. Yes. And such a nation as we possess. Okay, there you go, you remember. So it's like, it's like in the single digit millions, right? And a lot of these guys were in their 20s. They were actually quite young. A lot of the, do you know about that? Like the, Of course. They were the entrepreneurs. They were in their 20s and 30s. Exactly, they're all startup guys. Younger than we are now. Younger than we are now. I know we gotta get on it. Well, some of them Ben Frank, who was a little bit older, there's some for Ben Frank. Yes, exactly. That's right, that's right. So that shows that when there was a frontier and there were young talented people and a relatively small group of things, you could start the greatest startup in world history, right? Which is the United States of America.  No ability to look up references. You had to read everything on pen and paper, right? There weren't that many books printed, but they were all really well read and they were all constantly reading what's going on. Yeah. Like everyone, basically like the men who were running society, like there's this thing called the London Magazine. Have you ever seen London Magazine? No. I love this. It's like the combination of like 10 of our top magazines all in one, like the Atlantic and all these things. And then people would read it in London. They'd read it all over the Americas. And like you'd have like Lord Norris arguing with Benjamin Franklin and the Pages. And it would show you, here's what happened in Parliament. Here's like this war going on. You have a full-doubt map of the war. There'd be like hard math problems. Like here you have math and physics problems here. And like this is what the gentlemen of the time already, I collected as a kid, I read all of these. So this is the thing that I don't, I feel that there's a piece of the past that at least I don't fully understand, which is on, you know, looking up a reference, for example, is actually relatively easy to do on the internet. You can use SciHub or LibGen or something like that. And I did that a lot. And that's how I learned things. See, if you had to go to the library and look up a card catalog, it's like it takes a thousand extra, literally a million Xs long to look that up. So how, and there are fewer books and so on. So how are they so well read? I don't actually understand that part. This is the very, it's just, so the Roman analog, I think is very important. Like every great man in Rome would read like Livy and read like Virgil or read Horace. So maybe there are five or six. There's a cultural foundation that was shared. Right. And they had a, it was a different one now when you come to America's, but it was the same set of like cultural foundations where you'd have like your library. There's a standard library that everybody would go and have. Everyone would read that educated man would have this history of the West. And that was, and that was like their reference set. So when you go back to all the speeches of these guys, you go back to all the conversations, they're all referencing, not just things from the Bible, but things from Rome, things from the Glorious Revolution and British history and you know, the Magna Carta, things from, you know, parts of French history. Like there's a certain set of things they would study and they'd all know. Yeah. You know, this is funny because, you know, I made that analogy to the standard library of like Python or something like that, right? You know, it was interesting. It's a nice play on words, right? And I wonder if it's actually some, not just a play on words, but something deeper than that in the following sense. If in, you know, Python or any language you type in something which you haven't defined yet, you get an error, right? So the words actually need to be defined in order for you to use them in a program or with, you know, another program. So in the same way, if people aren't familiar with certain concepts like, oh, you know, Plato wasn't a fan of democracy and democracy has other meetings or, you know, the concept of despotism and if they don't even have these vocabulary words, then the program crashes. They didn't install those words at the top of the program, you know? So that, in a sense, as we're thinking about education, you know, and you're doing K through 12, I'm finding stuff like synthesis and you know, I did this network conference with parallel education tracks. So we're both interested in this kind of stuff. You're also got the University of Austin, right? Which I think I'm going to be giving some talks or something there, right? One way of thinking about it is these are almost like a standard library and then what kinds of things do we want them to do downstream? I mean, we need to make sure they have the standard library, how the concepts even go there, which is, yeah. Right. You see, Enlightenment kind of like gave that to the men of America at that time, which created the revolution. So what's the modern version of the Enlightenment? What are the types of things they need to be doing? Yeah. Everyone reads biology, right? Well, okay. Or Teal or, you know, P.J., you know, right? I think we've, we are, you know, one of the things that's funny is on Twitter, they'll kind of make fun or something. They'll be like, oh, why do all these tech guys become philosophers or whatever? And I actually thought about why. And I've got a couple of answers. I wanted to hear your thoughts. So one is every founder starts as lead engineer and ends up as chief psychologist, right? Because you're managing a team of people and now what matters is, yeah, certainly the engineering matters and whatnot, but also there are motions, what's in their heads and how groups of humans interact with each other and all the crazy things that happen out of that, which is different than how groups of machines interact. It's true. I mean, I think the law, the truly greatest founders, they're chiefs like psychology, but they actually are. Like I have one of my friends who's built the biggest private company in the U.S. He calls himself chief philosophy officer. So he's a CEO for a long time, but he replaced himself and became like the chief philosophy officer. And he writes books on philosophies. Well, not tech guy, but, you know, and it's basically like how do you take, how people work, how society works, and how do you imbue your company with that? And he's all about like Maslow's philosophy of self-actualization. The Harkub needs the very highest one is to self-actualize. Right. He said, how do you help everyone in your company self-actualize in a way that's aligned with creating value? And there's things like that, which is really important. And the thing about it is, even though people think, oh, and again to engage some of the, they'll say, why didn't tech guys always want to make technologies for everything about it? And actually, one of the things I talked about in the number sheet book is, we can see the birth and life and death of companies in like a five or 10 or 15 year window. And you and I have now run, you know, hundreds, probably thousands of experiments to take all of our investments and add all of them up, right? And so you start to see patterns in the life cycles of organizations that the only thing that's larger than that are countries, right? And countries start spanning over the life of hundreds of years, whereas companies are in the tens of years or 20s of years or decade. There's one thing larger than countries which is civilization. Civilizations, right? Like India, China. A lot of my favorite thinking is like these books on the history of civilization. Sonny, I've got a few back here. I mean, quickly's evolution of civilizations, I always found very useful because he talks about how, you know, you have to have mixed things from different backgrounds, almost like the different types of enlightenment type things where you have a new kind of set of primitives that come together in cultures of mix, and then it grows. And then there's these like things that help it grow, but the things that help it grow become special interests over time. And then things start existing for the sake of the special interests themselves, and that's when it starts to decay and then it gets invaded again. But it's fascinating to watch how like almost all of these civilizations, as well as- We can see them happening as fast forward with the companies. It gets captured. The things get captured over time and they become decadent. Right. And then the question is, can you renew it and can you teach enough people in society, okay, we're gonna go against this thing that's capturing it, gotta go against these interests and we're gonna make it for the interests for all again, is what Javier Mille is trying to do in Argentina. It's right. I believe some people are gonna try to do in the US as well by going against the broken bureaucracies. And the thing about it is that is possible because if we look at, people talk about the rise and fall of the Roman Empire, but it wasn't just a strict rise and fall sign, it wasn't a parabola. The trajectory is much more complicated than that with many reversals and so on before the final collapse in 476. So I think a better metaphor is not a sign wave but a stock price, right? For not just, just like you have it for a company, do we have it for a country? It could be population, it could be GDP, it could be real estate footprint. So the Ottoman Empire collapses and loses a lot of real estate footprint and that's like a stock price dropping 95%, right? And so there's some folks like, Turcin, do you know this guy? So there's folks who are doing more in the way of quantitative history. Dahlia was doing a little bit of it. Peter Turcin, the guys who were doing the fourth turning have done kind of a verbal version of it. And I feel like- Trying to quantify these things is always a really good thing to do in social sciences. Right. The smartest guys try to do that. At least more. Yeah, and so I think with some of the AI stuff now in particular, you can take all of the written materials on ancient Rome and you know, Google Endgram, you can do stuff like that. You can see when they were saying certain words and others. For example, you go to Google Endgram, here's a fun experiment. If you type in Republic and Democracy, you see that early American founders talked about the US in terms of a republic and the term democracy only is ramped up in the 20th century. I know, I like republic much better, by the way. The mass democracy doesn't work. All of our founders knew mass democracy was a bad idea. Well, it's funny, it's different. The quickest way I can establish that to somebody is I say, okay, if there was a global vote, okay, 96% of the world is non-American. Is that vote gonna go the way that the US government wants to go?  Right, and so the thing is, can you be the quote champion of democracy if most of the world is not on your side? Right? Or at least you have to reinterpret what democracy means in that. I think it's a terrible word to use for this. A lot of the dumbest foreign policy America has done has been trying to spread democracy to places that, first of all, we don't really want democracy while republics and second of all, those places weren't even set up for us. With that said, and so like some examples, a lot of the stuff in terms of trying to democratize the Middle East, a lot of stuff actually, interesting thing, there's this book by Eon Grillo on narco terrorism in South America, right? And in Mexico in particular, it's called El Narco. And he makes the point, you know what actually evidently led to the drug war there? The old, like I think the PRI was able to keep the lid on drugs and so on. The introduction of competitive elections is actually what spurred the drug war. How's that? So basically because factions started to realize, oh, I can bribe the guy on the other side. Cardinals were so powerful, they were able to actually bribe people and you can get in power. Barbara Walter is a book called how civil wars start. And she actually comes to a very similar conclusion, totally different person. And she's actually not looking at South America. She's like, it's when you have something that's what she calls the intermediate range between a quote full democracy and an autocracy that you have the maximum amount of chaos, okay? And now I interpret what she's saying in a somewhat different way, which is a quote full democracy by what she's saying is something where it's basically under the control of the US government. This was like the old McDonald's thing, you know, like how two countries with the McDonald's and then we'll go, that means if they both have McDonald's, they basically have enough American influence that they're under Pax Americana. So you've got to dispute resolver, right? That was why they weren't finding is they're under Pax Americana. Exactly, so it wasn't the local voting, it was the global non-voting, you know, right? That's a different interpretation. That's like what Curtis talks about. And conversely, the quote, autocracies were stable for a different reason because they had built some non-local, you know, whether it's MBS or whether it's, you know, China, they had built a non-local, you know, pyramid order, right? And at least, at least stable for some, you know, these are deceptively stable and then not. That is correct, because they will hide the internal conflict and then burst forwards, right? And then you've got the things in the middle, like democracy, you know, like Saddam was actually more stable than the war zone that it became in the 2000s and early 2010s, like ISIS and so on and so forth. And so, anyway, it turns out anarchism is not a good... Anarchy is not a good... For a very reason. When you ran on your border throwing in a mess. Totally, exactly, right? So, lots of words actually get sort of rebranded to be both ex-in its opposite. For example, Christianity meant both the revolutionary Christianity that tore down the Roman Empire and the hierarchical Christianity that buttressed the Holy Roman Empire. You know, now I recognize those aren't continuous things that there's a gap in between and so on. But still, there's something interesting where you had the concept of a Christian king after Christianity attacked the Roman Empire, right? And then communism meant, at one point, tearing everything down, but now in China, communism is a hierarchical top-down, total-controlled thing. And even the children of the top officials are called what? Princelings, right? So, it went from revolutionary to ruling class ideology. And actually, I have a bunch of the examples. The reason I just say that is when something can mean both ex-in its opposite. So, democracy is interesting where it can mean like, oh, people are voting and it's all good, but it can mean populism, politics, and then they're mad at it and it's bad. The people shouldn't have a say. It should be enlightened bureaucrats that do that. And then there's one wrinkle I talk about is to go from 51% democracy to 100% democracy. So, 51% is where we currently have, where 49% are really mad that they didn't get to vote for the guy. They didn't get consent to the government. 100% democracy is everybody goes and moves to, let's say, Starbase, Texas, which is Elon's new city. Or they've moved to one of the new startup cities that we're looking at funding, you know, cul-de-sac in Arizona. And everybody has consented to be there. And they've consented to enter, essentially, the jurisdiction of, you know, a CEO that's running that territory, which they've done totally legally, by the way. And now, because they've consented to be there, they literally sign a social smart contract on entry. And so, because you have a higher level of consent than people can do things together. And everyone's a lot happier than they get what they want on average a lot more. Exactly. Now, the other thing about it is, 100% democracy is actually also 0.01% democracy. And what do I mean by that?  I say it doesn't need to go mainstream. The reason is there's 8 billion people in the world. They've only had very few of us to do it. Exactly, 0.01% is 800,000 people. 800,000 people is like, actually, would be like the 30th largest UN country or something, like 40th largest, okay? 800,000 people, so 0.01% democracy. Every minority group that can organize enough to can get their own city or their own state potentially. Anyway, so there's some of the stuff I love. I love that you're bringing this back up for the world to follow this stuff. As you know, I introduced Peter to Patrick Friedman originally, and you know, I was the original chairman of the Seasteading Institute. My very first video, which was the only thing you would find when you searched for me, like you too, I have years on YouTube, was like me, I'm like blending back, talking about Seasteading, which was actually quite embarrassing for a while, because it was like shards. But you know, I was, I'm proud of that, I haven't been involved in that. No, I like, actually, I love what you and Patrick and Peter did on that because, and Patrick has talked about this, like the path of Seasteading, people got really fixated on, oh, it's on the water and so on. But the point was competitive, though. Yeah, the point was to like, the point was like, let's have a new government. I, when I started Palantir, I could have gone and tried to work for IBM and fix IBM or something like that. Right, that's probably would not have been a very good use of my time on a relative basis. And like, you know, I'll admit, I am trying to fix government in the U.S. I have to stay in fight ball, is he? So I respect that, and it turns out, it turns out America is like way less broken than almost everywhere else is my view. This is where we made disagree a little bit. Right, but you actually can go into states, you can like, partner with governors, you can pass laws, you can show the things work, and you can inspire people, I've done this now, you know, sisterhoods in 15 states, we're getting dozens of laws passed, you can put accountability incentives, cut the waste, like get rid of broken things, and then we're gonna teach people that and go to the national level now. It's gonna be a big battle, but so it's the way I'm trying to do this now, at the same time, I would love there to be like a Singapore for the U.S. to learn from. Exactly, closer to America, that'd be great. That's right, so the way I think about it is, I think you can be Satya, or you can be Satoshi, just don't be Steve Ballmer. Ha, ha, ha, okay. Well, him eats $100 billion, so you got something to do. That's true, that's true, so of course, Steve Ballmer, if you're watching this, I don't, I still respect you. Well, he'll still take your money. Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha.  To even keep it stable for like 10 years, it's really hard. I think there may have been things that they put in place that ended up working later, but Satya was really needed to make a lot of these things work. Yeah, exactly, right?  Well, okay, maybe he wasn't scoring it, but all of it's pretty hard to be an NBA player, right? It's pretty tough. That's right, but basically, the point is that Satoshi is totally exit, build a new system. Satya is patiently wait and work your way through the bureaucracy to execute the turnaround. I wouldn't say patiently wait. I'd say, I basically think it's like, go to war against the brook here in bureaucracy. Sure, it's like, you gotta be an internal warrior. So that's Elon. Yeah, well, Satya, as far, and you might know him better than me, I think he's a better diplomat than Elon. I don't know if he's necessarily more patient with broken things because it's different, right? Yeah, yeah, well, it's just because you don't see him yelling at them and being the crazy guy, doesn't mean he's not really fierce, just a different way. This is what's actually really interesting, like basically his book hit refresh, and so, like, I think especially with this recent open ad, right, where within 48 hours, they had announced a deal, like to catch and field a ball like that. Over the weekend, obviously super intense. He's super intense, right? Like, that's really hard. He is at war. He's called at war. Elon is at war, he is at war too. I think to be the CEO of Microsoft and to get to that position, you have to be a diplomat in a way that Elon doesn't have to be because Elon's a different type of game. Exactly, but it's unusual for somebody to, Satya's like, dang shot, hanging in my view because somebody who is diplomatic enough to work their way up, but then courageous enough to do those kinds of things at the senior levels, usually what happens is the guy who's diplomatic enough, I won't need names, but folks are diplomatic enough to work their way up. No, but they're all first in the running. They're never bulled when they get to the top. Exactly, they're too bureaucratic. The problem is that we're all humans and our nature is that if you have to be a certain way for a long time, you like change, you become that way. Yes, and this is something that I'm always determined. I always want to be a revolutionary as a kid. Yeah, yeah, yeah. And I started like as many companies as anyone else that are big. Sure. So I love that, but I am trying to work within the system because it's so important, but you're always gonna make sure and program yourself, not to get captured by it and start going with what they want. Right, and the thing is, I'm glad that you were, in a sense, it's one of these things where I think we're gonna need both approaches. And it's very important, go ahead. Having a few of us on the inside is useful. It's exactly, and I think like, so what I'm doing is I am, obviously, I'm in Singapore, but I'm also investing a lot in India. In fact, I just had a tweet on this that the Prime Minister retweeted. When he's slowly following you. Yeah, that's right, it's good. And what I wanna do is, you know, I think a lot of Americans now recognize that India is sort of back on the world stage. It's like, it's executing out. I think that's something others said. We are bullish on India. India is in an amazing position. You know, I've always hired people there. I mean, of course, but to put it differently, like 20 years ago, I mean, maybe 15 years ago when I was hiring people there, if I'm totally honest. They're like body shop. 15 years ago. Yeah, it was like you'd pass the easy, well to five problems to them. Yes. And I think that's all for some of my teams, for Atapar, for OpenGov, for other companies. We give them the hard problems. Yes. Right. And not only that, like I've taken, there's like, you know, companies, like people who were at Freshworks left and started Rocket Lane, and we're very proud of the investors very early there.  I love the new more series A checks, and I'm very bullish on it. The thing about that is, I feel it's still, it's funny, I don't mean this in purely a market sense, but I do think India is underpriced on the world stage. People don't realize how important it's going to be over a 10, 15 year horizon. It's like clearly going to be like the dominant part of the world, that it's going to be extremely wealthy. If you will still think of India as poor, which it kind of is- It is, it is, but it's improving. But if you kind of see where it's going, it's clearly going to be a very wealthy, very powerful country. Yeah. And I think, you know, here's my, I love to hear your take on this. And so my view is, there's about like 7 million Indians in the diaspora. It's actually not that, but we're either- No. Yeah. Well, there must be more than that. So rather, I should be more clear. In the US, UK, Canada, Australia. Okay. Right? So it's in Australia. Yeah, exactly. And there's more in like Saudi Arabia and in Dubai. There's a lot of important Indians in the Middle East, for sure. Yes. I have a man who run things there, too. That's right. In the English sphere, it's only 7 million, though. It seems like there's more because you guys are running like all the big tech companies. Basically, so here's my view is that if there's 7 million abroad who are doing this well, there's 1 point for a billion Indians. Total. If you even say, now obviously the group abroad are a select subsets and subsets. They probably have some advantages on average. Yes. From who they are. Totally, right? Because it's hard to do all the immigration stuff. But let's say you say, and this is a guesstimate, anywhere between 1 to 5% of India can play at that same level. Sure. I think that's probably reasonable. I think it's very reasonable to say 5%. Yeah. So it's 5%, that's 70 million people. So whatever the Indian diaspora is doing now, 10x that. It's amazing. And that's a real, that's a really big thing, right? They've got to be along India. And frankly, the world needs India because we need more innovation in the world. We need more wealth. We need more people solving problems. We need more good guys.  They talked to you about this? So here's the theory. It was like many, many years ago, people used to talk about Europe in terms of like Christendom, right? And that was used to delineate. It was like an explicitly religious conception. Yeah, they're religious, but a set of values. They set of values, that's right. And then that became the more secular concept of the West, which included America, which was more geographical, more secular, it was quasi-geographed, right? Like the West. And by the way, even as a Jew, I do appreciate Christendom. There was the savage world out there back then. Right, yeah. There was like, it was good stuff overall. Yeah, and Judaism is adjacent to Christianity. You know what it is.  Sure. Right, and so that concept of the West now, one of the reasons I've been thinking a lot about this is if you know, you or I, we speak at tech conferences, we're all in this place around the world. And you know, I was just at like a, there was some event where there's in Dubai or Singapore or South Korea or something like that. And they're, play, go ahead. It was just funny, you don't know, it's a buy or South Korea, you're all over the place. All over the place, right? Because crypto in particular is global, right?  I love it. And so what I realized is I was like, okay, eventually I was able to put a phrase on it. What we actually believe in is internet values as like sort of the V3, you know, you go from Christendom to Western values to internet values. So what do you mean by internet values? That's a phrase I'm using now, maybe I can come up with a new and better one, right? Internet values, technology values, what does that mean? Peer to peer, it's free speech, it's free markets, it's open source, it is fair competition, it's meritocracy, it's capitalism, it's property rights, it is, but it's also, you know, opportunity for anybody, right? It is taking a bet on somebody who has no name that can't see them level up. It's fundamentally a classically liberal philosophy. It's classically liberal, but it's like the sort of muscular 21st century version of that, right? And when I say internet values, everybody nods and they're like, I get, they instantly kind of get what I'm saying. They know that it's desoloration and growth versus desoloration and degrowth. That's right, and so you can only see what something is by what it's not. You know who's against internet values, Washington DC and Beijing, right? Many of them. Many of them, they're made of bureaucrats. Many of the bureaucrats, they're for internet censorship, they're for, you know, filtering bands, you know, all those kinds of things. They want to ban compute, they want to regulate this, they want to throttle that, they want to go after Jack Ma and Elon Musk. They want to make us safe. They want to give up, they want to give up liberty for safety. Exactly what our founders said not to do. Exactly, that's right. So internet values, I feel, is the right, like sort of term that groups a lot of people together. You kind of want that right free sometimes as like an umbrella term. And, Yeah, the digital right. We did believe that in person it was very important. Sure, but, Yes. But you could be alive and pee with the Elon Horvath directly, but you're right, the internet framework is key. That's right, and even every area for education, for example, AI tutoring is gonna be a big deal for law, it's smart contracts, it's automation of legal work with AI. For medicine, it is, there's a zillion AI applicants. The digital now hits so many different areas that if you don't have the internet first, internet values, perspective on things, that's something actually where you can bring in a broad coalition. Internet values doesn't exclude India, it doesn't exclude like tech guys in Japan. But you know what does exclude, this is the other flip side of it. Unfortunately, a lot of people who are geographically or physically in the West don't believe in Wester values. They hate Wester. There's a lot of them. There's a lot of them, right?  That's so crazy.  I can't believe they won and turned it off in San Francisco. They won, exactly. It's terrible. So this is the thing is, my view is that coalition is at least strong enough to push things back in the garage. Now this is why I do, I have to fight these guys. We need to bring in backup, right?  Do you know what I'm talking about? I think you saw you posted this as Greta Thunberg, right? Yes. She's like the model of like global deceleration and degrowth. Exactly. And that gives the game away because she's not San Franciscan. She's not even American, right? She's on the other side of the world. But then it gives the game away that like woke and deceleration and whatever you wanna call it. Global coalition of deceleration. Yeah, exactly. It's not about a country. It's about this global movement. It really is like the forces of evil versus the forces of good. And we have to be like really clear, there's light and there's darkness in the world. And like, I don't think people realize how much like degrowth means darkness.  Like we'll be at war without war. That's right, because basically you bring down, when you shrink the pie, people start fighting. People all fight over the pie.  Yes. And I mean, I don't think she knows that. She says a naive girl who wants to go along with whatever is going on. Yeah, yes. I don't think she's evil. I mean, she is. I don't know.  That's right. Even if we take it abstract out from any person, the meta-organism, you know, that is like the way I think about this is think about like an ant colony. Is there, does any ant know what they're doing? No. But there's sort of like a swarm intelligent. There's a system, yes. There's a system, right? So swarm intelligence, that exists when like, you know, flocks of birds and things like that. There's like a swarm intelligence where it's just like the cells of our body. They don't know what's going on or whatever, but it kind of works together in a certain way, right? And in the same way that like communism and capitalism were like swarm intelligences in the 20th century that both, you know, they clashed in Korea. And that wasn't like local politics. That was like global politics, you know? Where North Korea and South Korea were like, you know, these forces of good and evil on both sides clashed, right? And that's what like woke versus tech is to me, right?  It really is, yeah. Right? And so San Francisco is not about like local politics. It's a clash of clouds. This moral clarity has been very helpful for me in the last few years. Like I've always kind of, even like myself was very strong. I've kind of hedged a little bit. Sure. And now I think it's just become very clear. It's very healthy.  Yeah. It's like the caveman believes in good and evil. And then like it's complicated and it's complicated. And then like the wizard, like it's good and evil. Yes.  I agree with that. And I think that in particular, like the, the Greta thing, here's the thing that's a synthesis of maybe our two views, right? Which is Greta shows that the woke mind virus or the meta organism or whatever we want to call it, right? That that is pulling resources from abroad, right? It's fighting with global conflict. And it's doing, for example, it tries to get all the governments to work together to ban AI. Yeah. The European government like the source of a lot of this, I think even just like really bad stuff. That's right.  You saw that thing, right? This is like, this is like the European governments have always been friends with Putin and with China. And there, I think a lot of them are bribed by both Russia and China.  And it could be, you know, like, but with the Newsome Z thing, that to me is concerning because that would link up two censorship regimes to make them cooperate rather than compete in a bad way. So my view is, if Woke has global allies, tech can't think of itself as solely America. No, we need, we need to have global allies. We need global allies. You're helping, you're helping build some allies out here for us, for the vertical America. Exactly, for India, from India and from everywhere. And to work together with the Indians, 100%. Exactly. And India is also fighting that same mind virus locally in India. And so then once we all kind of realize it's like, it's like, how is that, how is that going in India? Like, like, like, do they have all sorts of like, I mean, they can't tell us about the DEI nonsense as we do in the US, for example. No, no, no, you'd be surprised. They have their own version of it. And it's worse in some ways and it's better in other ways. Sometimes, you know, we see two business plans and one guy turns out to be, I actually know the Friendster guy, so no offense to the Friendster guy, OK? But like, we see two business plans and they're using the same words. I'm going to build a social network. But one turns out to be Friendster, one turns out to be Facebook, you know? Yeah. And this is actually really important because a lot of people think that the words and the the execution are the same thing or the execution is easy given the words and it's not. Right. And one of the things I've observed is the same words that people will say in the US or especially in Blue America. They'll often say similar sounding words in India, but it'll work in India and it won't work in in Blue America. Like a small example is you saw the California high speed rail. Hundred disaster. Hundred billion dollars to nothing. But they're still arguing for more money online. OK, that is they're still arguing for it because they just think that the words I think it's they think it's like clicking something on Amazon.com, right? So crazy. It's funny. They really don't. They think if you have enough money, everything else is just straight forward. No problem or something.   It's it's I think it's both this, but it's also something where I went. You know, we both came out of I mean, I guess me more academia than you in the sense I spend more time in academia, right? But in academia, there is so much emphasis on getting the ideas correct. And some of the ideas are genuinely hard, some of the math, the chemistry, the computer science and so on. And then it's thought that the business part of that is just a trivial, right? Yeah. And then when you actually go and do it, you're like, whoa, this is far. Engineering and operations are actually more of it. And not to say the core idea isn't important sometimes, like if it's a cryptography breakthrough, it's a math breakthrough. Sometimes it's like, but the good. But the economics don't understand that the actual idea that matters is how systems work and how incentives work and how accountability works. So those ideas are not even right when it comes to the government. Yes. And the only way they actually learn it is, you know, it's funny. I think you and I both observe this hundreds of times. The guaranteed way to turn somebody from a socialist into like, like, how do you turn a socialist professor into a capitalist CEO? They found a start. Like, because you have to apply what works and you have to take the ideas of a free society to apply. Otherwise, you're not going to succeed pretty much. Yeah. And, you know, what's interesting is there is actually common DNA between the socialist pressure and capitalist CEO. You know, what it is, is they both deeply feel they should be in charge. Is that good? It's fair. That's true. So when I've seen folks go from being, you know, Marxist-ish, leaning CS guys to founding a company, they're like ultra libertarians like three months.  Well, they realize these bureaucrats are not that bright and then they realize the system's not designed correctly. And then they realize the incentives is what really matters. Yeah. Availability is what really matters and measuring things and iterating, which the government does not do and cannot do without the ownership side of it. There's all these things you need. That's right. And that's why I actually, so here's an education idea for you, maybe, you know, you might think of it. K through 12, I think, is just basically 12, 13 years of jail for the most part, right? It's done terribly. It's done terribly, OK? So one thought I've had for a long time is, what if you, and then you can do much more radical reforms of this, but maybe this is a piece of it, take the budget that you would have wasted on the last year of high school or whatever, OK? And instead, just give it to the kids as cash and say, you've got a year to do a business. And the reason is, you know, parents already spend a huge chunk of savings on their college education. That's like they're like starter money or whatever to do something. If instead that was their seed fund to go and start a business, here's where it happened, right? 99% of them would fail or whatever number, maybe 95. You know, some of them might be do plumbing or other something else that's got lower risk, which is fine. We don't know the exact number, but let's even say, let's take our 99% of them. That failure is actually good. And the reason it's good is all these kids by doing, by playing basketball or by using, you know, like a musical instrument or looking in the mirror, they could see whether they could be an NBA star or a great musician or a model or something like that, right? And so then they believe that those people in those careers have meritorious earnings. But they think that being a CEO is just putting your feet up on a desk. They allow them to understand what's actually going on. They don't understand what's actually going on.  Right? There should be something where they get actual real experience and entrepreneurship.  You give them the money and the ability to actually run a company. And for them to fail is the greatest education ever. My friend, Joe Lamont's one of the top guys in Austin and Tech. I don't think I've got to know him at all when you were there, he had trilogy. Oh, the trilogy guy. Okay, I didn't know he was really called Alpha. Okay. And they do something similar. Alpha, the kids learn twice as fast. They're in charge of their own learning and they learn how to learn. But he also gives them projects when they're young and they allow them to build businesses. I've been on the phone with a few of these kids in Austin and met a couple of them who've built amazing things and like 9th, 10th, 11th grade. And he gives them a lot of freedom to do, which I think is very healthy to try and learn. It's very healthy. And the thing about it is it's win-win because if they succeed, of course, they're growing the economy, you know? Actually, you know, you know, Nigeria had this business plan competition and there's this guy who wrote, he's like, is this the most effective form of foreign aid ever? I love it, yeah. Okay, because it's literally teach a man to fish and it was like a relatively small amount of money, but they actually were actually starting businesses rather than just going for four days. Most of USAID is just waste, it's so corrupt, it's so dumb. And you know what it is? It's actually, it's basically the same as San Francisco. What they want are dependents, they want pets. And it's like they want to have, where's your budget? It's so racist, right? It's like you think these people, and it's so funny because they're now they're on the left doing it, it's a neoclonial zone. So they're bringing in their woke values and trying to oppose? Yes. The same way we oppose our values in the past, they're opposing today's values. And it's a worse version. And basically, they did this in India for many reasons, for many years.  And it's like the same mentality as like having dogs, you know, or whatever, like. At least to the India, which was very bad is they were trying to make money off of India too, which was later though. Yeah, so that's the thing is, once you move from aid to trade, that's the key, right? Look, it's actually better to try making money off of them because then everyone somehow leaves. Yeah, exactly. Like this is the thing is, you know, what one of my, some of my pokes are provocative on that. Capitalism is the ultimate socialism. Okay, why? Here's why. The, if we take the famous example of Teal investing in Zuck in 2004, right? Put in fire cage to Zuck. Teal was much richer than Zuck at that time. But Zuck's success meant that Zuck became much richer than Teal. But both became absolutely richer, right? And that is something which charity could never do, but investment can't, right? With charity, the guy who's rich will give like a few drops of money to the poor guy and feel good about it, but he's definitely not gonna make them equally as wealthy, let alone like a hundred extra 10X is richer, right? But investment can do that. And so that's like one way in which what we're doing is actually building capacity. Go ahead. No, totally agree.  I do think most of the things in the world, we do this and we invest and we build and that's the way we create value together. There are some frameworks in the world where once you're already successful, I do think it's your duty to get back to, yeah, and not even just get back, but like fix the systems that other people can't fix. So there's things that you and I can fix that like other people like they can't begin to do it. Yeah. And so once you get to this level, and so the question is, how do you take the frameworks we've learned from what works down to commercial world and apply it to these other things? And you're doing that with trying to think about new network states. Yes. And I love it. I want to help with that. I'm also taking these entrepreneurial frameworks and saying, how can you reform? How can I reform? How can I build? How can I take an idea that I know is going to help 100,000 people and how do we like use the same kind of tactics and smart people operations and go and do that? And I think I think it's important a lot of us do these things. I love that. And you know, the way one thing to your point is actually a lot of young guys looked us for advice or would have you. Now that we're a little gray now, exactly, right?  And there is definitely value to that. But it's also true that you should have, if you're young and just starting out and you're on startup number one, you want to have a realistic sense of what you can do, as opposed to when you're a little bit older and you've got more capital, more distribution, more connections, you can do riskier or bigger things to some extent. For me, biology, the way I see it is like, and this is my point of view, is that you shouldn't build a startup unless you're just like, absolutely obsessed and another thing to do. I think the vast majority of smart people should go work for a high growth startup because that's like the best risk we've worked by far. And you learn like, I was at PayPal as a kid, like as a teenager pretty much, and I got to learn so much from just being exposed to a few years as an intern, that sort of thing. And then like, but then like, I'm a little bit of a crazy guy who are like, you know what, I'm going to, I really want to fix, I really want to fix how our government works with defense and Intel and the tech.  Right, we're learning how to stop them. And I got to know a bunch of these guys in government and the DHS and the FBI, and it was clear they were just, nice guys, but way behind that tech which they were doing. So like, this is an impossible problem, but I have to fix it. And you start, that's okay sometimes. Yeah, and of course, I guess the way I put it is, if people are ultra ambitious, you want to tell them to be more pragmatic. And if they're too practical, you want to have them become more ambitious. That's fair, right? For you kind of, yeah, and then, but in general, like, you definitely do want to like, just only do one of these things if you're just obsessed with it. This I agree with, because the startup is so hard.  There's a little, I totally agree. It's like, right? Yeah. So like a startup, it's not, it's not an asset class really of startups in the sense of, you know, what was TL saying is you're not a lottery ticket, right?  I totally agree with that. I'll add something else to what you're saying, which is one thing I've seen, especially for a lot of Indians, because I'm mentoring more Indian kids and so on these days, is for many of them, coming from like a background of like total dirt poverty, like that job at Google or something like that is like an exit. It's already like an exit. Yeah. Which is always a lot harder for, I guess, some of those people I'd imagine to do a startup right away. You probably should make sure your family's taking care of a little bit. Exactly. Somebody had to raise them up. Probably responsible. It was totally responsible years. That's right. So exactly.  And then, the second gen or maybe you fire 10 years. Exactly. That's right. That's right. So it could be either your kids or it could be you fire 10 years later, then you swing for the fence. One of my big mistakes at a company I was invested in is that, and I don't know if I can say who because it's probably private, but the guy, I didn't realize his mom was on welfare. Oh no. And he was trying to take money off the table and normally I think you shouldn't let someone take a lot of money off the table. And then the people would try and ultimately, ultimately like he ended up selling the company too soon because he needed to get the money to help his mom. And if I'd known that, and if I was going to. Secondary. Secondary. And like, I think it is really important that both as an investor and as a partner to like know what their circumstances are, there's nothing wrong with like doing something to help your family when they're in a tough situation. Yeah. It's actually our duty as investors to help people do that. That's part of our job as partners. Yeah, it's interesting. It's one of these things where the right amount of secondary takes the pressure off the founder and allows them to just work harder.  Kind of. And it's like, and sometimes it might not be them, it might be the spouse too. So it was the very other things that I've learned is you gotta get to know them. Yeah. Yes. So it's often in charge. Yes. Especially for technical guys. Yes. Yeah. That's funny. So let's see, other things. Covered a lot. Gosh. All right, so what else in the world are you looking at? Right? So I'm looking at a lot of small countries. I'm looking at a lot of applications of AI to transform the productivity of the economy. That's my job. Let's talk about the red state and purple state strategy for AI. I'm just talking about that earlier, right? So a lot of these Washington DC regulations, I call it the 640K of compute should be enough for anyone, Bill. You know, the exact order that just came down. Go ahead. Yeah, no. It was the same. Unbelievable stuff which like Sahail and some of our people they were tweeting were like, we're gonna regret that we did this to ourselves, right? With the hard cap on compute, okay? This is so crazy. Imagine doing that with like, I had a teacher in high school, it was like 56K is more than enough for anyone for connecting to the internet. Right. And she really believed it. And this is, of course, Bill Gates didn't actually say this, but it's like a famous illusion. So the hard cap on compute is like, the stupidest, like the only thing that's good about it is it's actually really explicit, you know?  Oh, it's just paperwork, oh, it's just work. This is like the definition of D-Rove. Yeah, this is exactly, it is literally a brick wall which says, you know, you cannot, it's like a speed limit, but on compute, right? Imagine this is enforceable without Congress actually, like passing a lot, shoes insane. I'm sure there's gonna be suits. I'm sure there's gonna be all kinds of things. That's at the federal level, okay? But the states have their own interests. We need free states. Free states, exactly. There's fed states, there's free states. You know what I'm saying, right? Pretty good, right? And so the free states, which can be red states, can be purple states, can be independent blue states, they would essentially do the calculation that wait a second. This is really good for reducing medical costs, for reducing legal costs. AI is really good for automating all this medical billing and paperwork and other kind of stuff. This could be really, really valuable for us. And so therefore we need to have sanctuary cities for technology, where we just say, we're gonna defy federal law on this, compute as much as you want in Texas. It's a free state, compute as much as you want in Florida. Right, you know, the come and take it flags or the accelerator die, right? Yeah. And so then I've got a big one that was in my house, the come and take it flag from the history of Texas. That's right. The big cannon. And there's a version with the GPU in the form of a cannon. It's really good, right? That's great.  I do think that the Supreme Court will probably end up having to rule on this because in a Supreme Court, I think we'll actually rule in our favor on the freedom side, but there is like a very powerful army that's tied to federal government that you don't wanna actually have to like. You don't wanna, yeah, that's right. But on the other hand, if we look at sanctuary cities, drug laws, gun laws, abortion, like some of those things did go to the Supreme Court. But within the US, there's been such a fragmentation or fracturing that states are kind of doing their own thing and saying, sue me to the feds, right? Which is what you mean. This is how the world's supposed to work, that the federal government's not supposed to be deciding. Most of these things are supposed to be deciding in the states. Exactly. Make America states again. Or like the 10th Amendment Restoration. And then abroad, the thing that's interesting about this is we talked about like generic AI for India and so on. Placed like India, they didn't enforce copyright patents and so on as much. And so that's why the generic drugs industry built this huge drug industry. We could have generic AI where you can train on Hollywood movies, you train on copyright material. Actually, you know, that's how Hollywood started. Edison held all the patents for early technology for motion picture, which was broken earlier on. Yeah, because he was in New Jersey and he was on the East Coast. So they went all the way to the West Coast. Okay, and they did their own thing, right? And this guy, Neil Gabbler, has a good book on this, like an industry of their own or something like that. It's about how Hollywood was created, right? An empire of their own, I believe is the name of the book. And so now we just do that again, right? We basically say, look, you know, that's how Hollywood was built. It basically broke these, in a sense, because 3,000 miles is a pain for Edison to send his guys all the way across the country. India is probably a good analog to this these days. That's right. There probably are things that India should be doing where they don't. I mean, some of the copyright law is just ridiculous. 90 years Disney kind of thing. It's just a corrupt thing where the owners of the content have done that. They just want to milk it forever, right? Exactly. And I think now we've got the, we've got enough examples of where the overly aggressive enforcement of copyright, I mean, we know what open source gives us. It gives you security. It gives you all these kinds of good benefits. The other thing that's interesting that's kind of related to that is the, some of the data stuff. So do you know what India stack is? No. Okay, so imagine if Stripe was done by the Indian government. That's kind of what like UPI is, like a piece of it. Or if Google login was done by the Indian government. That's what like others. Now, these things have their flaws and so on and so forth. But they do work and they work for a billion people and they work every day and they've kind of come up from nothing in like five or 10 years, which is actually really amazing. So the same guys who are working on India stack and other are working on something called DIPA, which is like a data access thing. And, you know, cause there's all this stuff about data privacy and whatnot. And in the West, it's really either, A, you have EU style bureaucracy and cookie laws. Or B, you just access all the data or, right? And you just have some click through that gives you all the permissions. So India is trying to model where it's an API approach where if you, you know, like you can just programmatically get access and train on all the data that you want.  We want to have the lightest touch possible solution that balances all the interests. Yeah, and in particular what they want to do is they want, this is the crucial thing. They're coming in with the mindset of, we want to make this work. We want to make these huge swaths of data available for training on AI with the consent of the people and potentially with compensation for the people. Interesting. Okay. So it's just something to track because India is big enough that it can be an influential kind of thing if it works. Conversation is gonna be hard to figure out for these things. There's just so much stuff that comes. Well, so this is where it gets, because because they've got UPI, they've already got the payment information for a billion people. It's a little bit like what X is doing with the direct deposits into your account. They just track a bunch of stuff and aggregate it and just drop it into your account. And it's interesting, because you think that training on all the data of everyone just in the open area and that everyone who was alive previously might be enough to do a lot of things. Exactly, that's right. So one of the things also interesting, I think people think of India as a market and I think it is a market, but I actually think it's also potentially a digital factory. You know, like lots of physical stuff is made in China, right? But a billion Indians could do a lot of training data. It is a digital factory. I mean, I have factories in India that I use for lots of companies. That's right, digitally. Yeah, so all the labeling and stuff like that, that's what I think of as digital blue collar, right? All the tapping and labeling and so on and so forth can be done anywhere. Interesting. And you can make like a dollar, if you can make a dollar a day on that, that's massive for India and for places like that, right? That will level you out of poverty. Training data is, you know, there's infinite hunger for training data, right? Of course then the question is, can somebody without education do the training examples? And maybe they can, maybe they can't be able to see.  Three printing. Three printing. I think it is actually finally getting to be useful for different areas of just-in-time inventory. It's not quite there yet, but it seems like the next five years is gonna be a big deal for a lot of things. Yeah, it was hyped and then went to the gardener trost and then kind of coming back. You're starting to see some cases where it could be pretty useful. People are using it for too much. That's right. They do it, but for very specific kind of small parts of inventory and manufacturing, I think basically the U.S. is going to become a major manufacturing hub. Again, it's always started to grow a lot the last few years if you look at the numbers and this is gonna be one part of the solution. Okay, relate to that. Robotics. This is something that we're talking a lot about.  There's a lot of lame, but they're driving around a lot. I mean, we don't have the hands that are easy to maneuver. We don't have the stuff that's there yet. A lot of people are trying. AI should be able to do this. So I'll be a lot of us think in five years this should be a really big thing. I'd love to meet the people who are figuring it out because it's hard. Yeah, it's hard. I mean, like Boston Dynamics and Tesla are putting in some effort here and Amazon has some human-made robots, but it's not yet there. I wonder if this is one of those where like a startup could actually beat the big guys by really kind of rethinking with a genius. Like even just like getting the hand right and like getting the hardware right to then allow us to train in software and open it up to others. Basically, because there's hardware that's missing. So it's funny, me and Gary Tan actually just funded an Indian guy who's built this amazing robot hand. I'll show it to you. It's called Plong. Third is El Salvador and Bukele. Nate Bukele. You know? Obviously, I care a lot about the principles of how to put people in jail when they're bad. I think it's very important. Now, you know, but I'll say like the, there's this thing about human biology where at the darkest times when many people have lost all hope, that's where you see like the real true character of something. You see like who's on the side of the darkness to do is on the side of the light. And this guy is clearly on the side of the light. Yep. Now, is what he did appropriate for the US? No, it's not, not in that form. Like we need to keep our principles. We need to keep our state. We need to not go into a totalitarian type of authoritarian approach. But he probably did need to do what he did in order to stop the murders in his society because it was, it was a lawless society on the edge. And should we be more in his direction of putting bad guys in jail where causing murders? Yes. Yeah. And I think the way I think about it is that society was at war. Like the, it wasn't like a peacetime society.  At war, you do what you can to win the war and to save lives. And he did. Exactly. He did. America has many problems. In some ways, I'm morally at war with things that are broken, but we need to approach them in a more principled way. And America needs to remain in a shouting light with a functional principle system. So yes, we should be putting bad guys in jail. No, we should not be like breaking all the rules to do so in America. And his society probably was necessary. Related, Javier Millet. I am very excited about Javier Millet. Yeah.  I was going to work out, but just the way he describes things, the way he explains the corruption, the way he explains like just how we basically need to like, I mean, I love the Afuera video, right? Yeah, Afuera. All right, get it, get it, get it. Getting rid of all the procured practice departments. We need to do a lot of that in the U.S. Like literally we need to fire like everyone in the private education in the U.S. They just, they just not exist. They just not exist. Unless they are not for education. I'm just not for what these bureaucrats are doing. Yeah, it's a waste. And there's like, and the Department of Labor probably should get rid of the old thing too. It's very politicized.  You have literally Peter T.L. spoke with Trump's convention and this frigging thing sued us. And then like, Elon became an enemy and this thing went after Elon. Oh yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, exactly. This is a bunch.  Are we sure there's some good people there? Is it politicized? Yes. And do we need them to be doing anything? No. Right. I mean, it's funny, I meet people all the time who are like in the bowels of embassies. There are some good people on subemissives in the U.S. that are doing some of the things around the world. The vast majority of it is like government and government stuff between our different departments. And it's like such a waste. It's all meta work. It's not even meta work. It's meta, it's meta waste. And so I think we desperately need to move things to the direction of Harvey. We're like Argentina is like, was one of the wealthiest countries in the world 100 years ago as now has 140% inflation. Like thank goodness. So when like him got in charge, does he have enough power to do what he needs to do? See, but yes. That's the question. I don't know if he controls legislature, but amazing, amazing guy. That's right. I think it's sort of similar to, Asia went through so much communism, so much socialism and they developed antibodies to it. They finally learned it's about to do here. Exactly. And so South America, Latin America is maybe starting to develop disease. This is why Florida is a great state because a lot of people from Cuba all experienced how terrible communism. Exactly. That's right. Suarez, he actually did a whole thing with the victims of communism there. That's a few more. Space. You know, I think that space is really critical for defense. I'm a big fan of the space force. Unfortunately, I'm working a lot in defense and we need to think about that. Very bullish on Starlink. I'm waiting for it to be installed on my plane as some obnoxious thing to say, but I'm sure you're very excited for that. Yep. You know, I think space is over-hyped in the venture capital world where too much money has gone. The things that are not yet economic. Now, I kind of like that they're doing that because they're accelerating the future and it's very exciting. So I'm on the side of it, but I think it's tough as an investor. I would love to build colonies on Mars, build colonies on the moon and do more out there. So overall, very positive. Awesome. Last one, longevity. There is a ton of stuff happening. We haven't talked about bio very much. Obviously, I invested in a ton of biostructure companies built one of the largest bio-manufacturing companies in the U.S. Actually, I didn't know that one. Yeah, Resilience Bio. We called it National Resilience originally, but the scientists at the National is too nativist, but we've raised a few billion dollars. We partnered with all sorts of countries because they needed us our help for mRNA. We do gene therapy, cell therapy. We're doing GLP-1s out of it. So I'm very, very bullish on this real revolution of biology with all the tools we're beginning to tell. I think longevity is very scary, like just where we're learning and how aging is gonna change in the next 10, 20 years. It's very positive overall. I think we're gonna live a lot longer. I think we're in a strong position overall there. And I'm very bullish on it. Awesome. Dude, this is great. Let's see you all. Thank you very much. All right, let's see some.


What's up everybody, Jason here for jazbyzcasebreak.com. 2023 tops, finance baseball just sold out. This is a eight box case break, packaging is number 13. And it is officially our last case in stock guys. We don't have any more cases. So you see we've gone through 13 cases here on this side. We've probably gone through just as much if not more on the YouTube side. Officially sold out yesterday and obviously this case was already YouTube stickers, so no one breaks it from you guys last night. I actually had to steal some boxes from Instagram last night to do that mixer last night. So, like I said, we're gonna do this here and then it didn't know we're fine this guys, at least for the time being. And I'm sure we'll probably get more, but there's no guarantee that happens. All right, here we go, that's first four. There's the first four. See what we got here guys, good luck. Oscar Cole, that's green. White talks on it, Daniel. That's number to 99. Go to Minesi's, Oscar Gonzalez for the Guardians. It's number to 175. Vaughn Grissom, to 100. And Simon Woods Richardson, to 99. To 99. Soto rivalries. Shailang Lears, for ready framing. And there's the Kintsukara headliners, Randy Janssen. That's a nice one then for Big Dog, it's the Rob and the Arizona Diamondbacks. And then we got Buddy Kennedy, more for the Diamondbacks there. We got Freddie Freeman, to 300. Nick Prato, Calralli, and a Michael Stefanik for the Angels. Angels, that is Stephen Berry, Michael Harris. And we have Michael Harris, to 75. Nice one there for the Dan and Braves, Stephen Carney. Miguel Cabrera, Shoya Otani, and Beau Naylor, 24 to 150. Guardians Tristan. Javier Baez, Detroit Tigers. Going to Stephen. Of course, whatever you want, it doesn't matter. All right, nice box. Riley Green, out of 300. Orange, orange, orange. Yoshida Orange, very nice. Eight out of 25 for the Red Sox Ian. There you go, man. Very nice set right there. That's what we're looking for. We got Michael Comforto there, that is for the San Francisco Giants, to 199. And then we have a Jose El Tuve. I look at the back of some of those refractors guys, but some of those refractors, of course, are extended base. Anything over 100 are considered extended base, so I always like to make sure I didn't miss any of those.  Call us, and then we have a Winton Bernard, Bernard. Rockies, World's Finest. Couple Corbin Carroll rookies. Adley Rochman, nice one there for the Orioles, 160 out of 250. That's another one there for Ian. With a Dermis Garcia, for the Oakland A's, Brian. And that's an extended base right there, Dylan Carlson, for number 122. Easy good to ran. And a nice Michael Harris, Rookies Green, insert autograph to 99. Brave, Steve Carney, there you go. There's a couple of boxes here towards the end of the first four. The Grum, Linion Sosa, 250 for the White Sox. Next four guys. Alrighty guys, here we go. It's 2015, Joe called me. He wants me to invite me to the wax part. It doesn't make sense. That's cool, Rex. I mean, you could be here when we do the randomized. That'd be great. That'd be cool. Look, Rex, there's more than enough room for you. Yo, it's far right down that chair, right behind the camera. That way when we do the randomizer, he could be here in person. That'd be awesome, man. He'd be wanting you to come visit LA. There's more than enough room for a multiple heap it'll be in this office. Carlos Correa, Minnesota Twins, right? Out of 50. We got Vinny, and then we got a Joy Manessis, for the Washington Nationals. Nice to meet you, the manager.  There's no managers here. I definitely wanted to turn around and pretend like, oh, hello. This is the manager. And we got Lenny and Sosa, to $99. $45 out of $99. All right, next box. Manny Machado, Dylan Carlson Extended Base again. And we got Cody Clemens, for the Phillies. Taylor. Shohei Otani, Steven Barrett in 150. And nice, finest moments autograph, Dale Murphy. November 8th, with the Atlanta Braves. Braves, Steven Cardi. Exactly, Rex. This is exactly what I wanted to do. Two more boxes. Ozzy Alves is an extended base. Ozzy Altuve. And then, Grand Ashcraft. Cincinnati Reds, Benjamin. And Michael Harris, their number to $99. Riley Green, Yoshida. This is a good to run for the Rangers in 250. And then Mark Appel, for the Phillies. Nice, that's Waldo Cabrera. Oscar Gonzalez, for the Guardians. And Ken Waldiger, to $99 Green. Oakland Athletics going to Branque. Max Scherzo, to $250. And a Cade Cavali, number to $99. And Jermaine Palacios, for the Tigers. Let's go to Steven Cardi. Freddie Freeman there for the Dodgers. Tristan. And a Red, Alec Thomas. Why couldn't that have been a Corbin Carroll? Two out of five. I forgot, Rex, honestly. But hopefully, nobody won, I guess. Alrighty, folks, so there you go. Boom. Got a Red. Couple of nice color autos. I think some of the better autos, like the Dale Murphy, Michael Harris color. Then we got the Yoshida Orange, which was really, really nice. Bo Nailer. Really nice one, that is the Kinsochori. Pretty solid one, guys. Again, this was the last case we had in stock. Hopefully, we can get more soon. But obviously, Top's Chrome baseball's coming out in a few weeks. So I think that's what we're gonna be focusing on. So, another product coming out soon, guys. Appreciate it, Jaspy's Case Breaks.com.


Rwy'n gweithio i ddechrau ar gyflogau cymdeithasol yn ymddangos. Ar y dyfodol ystod oedd yn gweithio i'r ymddangos ymddangos Stuart Stevenson. Felly i ddechrau i gwybod i'r cyfnodau, fel y cyfnodau o'r ffeeleuadau o'r cyfnodau cyntaf i'r cyfnodau cyfnodau ar Gwysigol yn Stfergus. Yr ysgrifennu Paul Wheelhouse, mae'n holl ffordd acor yn CCS, aeth ynglyn â'u ffordd yn Aberdeen i 10 seftymbr 2017. The launch will signal the formal start of the feasibility stage of the project, which is anticipated to last 18 months. The ACORN project is managed by Pale Blue Dot and Energy Transition Consultancy, based in Banqueray, Aberdeenshire. Stuart Stevenson, I welcome the commitment of the Scottish Government to the St Fergus project. Does the minister share my disappointment to the UK Government's anti-carbon caption storage in action at St Fergus and the proactively hostile actions regarding it at Peterhead? Does that put at risk an opportunity that will not only benefit the environment that creates jobs and boosts the economy right across Scotland? I certainly agree with Stuart Stevenson's assessment that the UK Government's decision to scrap the previous £1 billion carbon caption storage programme, which of course included a strong commitment at that point to Peterhead, has been a disgrace and a lost opportunity for Scotland and indeed the UK. Had the competition been allowed to run its course, the world's first commercial scale gas-powered CCS plant could have been built in Peterhead, and the world's attention would have been drawn to the UK and Scotland as a trailblazer in this technology. Unfortunately, the first mover advantage has been to some extent lost and would undoubtedly have attracted significant investment to the UK and brought it further opportunities for job creation skills development and positioned the UK with the potential to take its place as a supply chain for Europe in this important technology. It is worth stressing that the need for CCS remains and in the fact that the international panel on climate change says that it would cost 138 per cent more to achieve a two-degree Celsius climate change mitigation scenario without carbon caption storage. Despite the clear need for CCS, all UK Government efforts to date to bring forward this technology have failed. Given the track record of failure and the rest of the UK, it is certainly a failure as well. It is now essential that the UK Government set out a clear and robust policy framework, hopefully working with the Scottish Government and others who want to support the technology and set that out in their soon-to-be-published UK clean growth plan. Peter Chapman I remind the chamber of my register of interest. To ask the Scottish Government what policies it is implementing to support the development and progression of the farming industry. Fergus Ewing The Scottish Government currently implements the common agricultural policy in Scotland using the flexibilities available in the EU regulations to deliver a CAP that best supports Scotland's farmers and crofters. Since being re-elected, the Government has developed and progressed a range of policies to help support Scotland's farming industry, including paying around £65.5 million per annum in ELFAS's less favoured area payments, and committing £99 million to 1,417 businesses under the agri-environment and climate change scheme since the scheme opened, and introducing initiatives such as the Women in Agriculture Task Force. Peter Chapman I thank the cabinet secretary for that answer. I welcomed the ambition 2030 to grow our food and drink industry and double it by 2030. What could that mean for our fantastic food and drink industry? However, that strategy does not mention a single policy that provides support for the profitability and sustainability of our farmers. Can I ask the Government what it is doing to rebalance the food chain to ensure that the producer gets a fairer share of the consumer spend for the high-quality produce that they produce? Michael Russell The Scottish Food and Drink sector promotes and wishes to see even more success in the sales of fine Scottish farm produce, and works very closely with the Scottish Government. We work very closely with the sector. Just yesterday, I met the NFUS president once again, so I think that it is a bit churlish not to recognise the good work that Scotland food and drink do quite frankly. Of course, as I said in the debate last week, we want to see farmers receive more credit for the excellent work that they do. They produce fine-quality food. They are the custodians of our landscape. However, I have to say, and I will be putting this point to Mr Gove when I meet him on Monday, that the lack of clarity about continued payment after £219 to Scotland's hill farmers—over 12,000 of them—could, as I explained to Mr Gove, when I had a briefing with him at the Royal Highland show in June, lead to thousands and thousands of hill farmers being forced out of business. That would be a catastrophe for Scotland. I hope that, at long last, the UK Government can start to do its day job on this matter and give some absolutely clear-cut assurances that hill farmers, in particular in Scotland, have been waiting for for far too long. The chamber will be aware that convergence funding was earned in Scotland due to our average per hectare rate that brought the UK-wide average below the 90 per cent qualifying threshold. Can the Scottish Government confirm, if it has received any guarantee from the UK Government, that it plans to pass on the EU convergence uplift funding to Scotland? That is a very serious issue. The UK received £190 million, and only because Scotland's farmers received 45 per cent of the EU average per hectare, that money was intended for Scotland and only for Scotland's farmers who received far, far less than any other farmers in the UK per hectare. The UK Government Minister has promised a review of that, and every single one of them has broken that pledge. When I raised that with Andrea Ledson last October, she promised that she would reply quickly. No reply has been received. Again, as you may expect, I will be raising that on Monday with Mr Goff. That money is due to Scotland's hill farmers. It is worth around £14,000 to each hill farmer in Scotland. That money was taken by the UK Government. It is Scotland's money, and we want it back. Miles Briggs The Scottish Government is taking to improve access at Waverley station for disabled, blind and visually impaired people. Minister Humza Yousaf The Scottish Government continues to encourage Network Rail, who manage Waverley station and ScotRail, to work closely with the station stakeholder group that has been set up to build on the access improvements that have been achieved over the recent years. I know from my meeting with the station group in March that more can be done, and that is why I recently asked Network Rail to convene a further meeting of the station group to explain recent developments and a wide range of on-going issues that have particular impact on disabled passengers. As Mr Briggs is aware, the group met on 17 September, and those involved will continue to work through the detail of any unresolved matters. Miles Briggs Is the minister aware of the level of anger and frustration among blind and disabled rail users and members of the city's access panel that Network Rail's planned taxi rank for New Street carpark will now not take place? Given the importance that the minister gave to the accessible travel framework that he launched last year, will he agree to intervene and demand that those plans to improve access for disabled and visually-paired people are developed? Will he reconsider his decision to refuse to meet with me and the city access panel, who have identified urgent action points that would improve access at the station right now for vulnerable travellers? Can I recognise Miles Briggs? Many MSPs, such as Ash Denham, are involved in the issue. One of paramount importance is to put some context that he left out in his answer. Of course, as I said, Network Rail's reclassified body under the Department for Transport is responsible for managing Waverley station, but the reason why the New Street carpark proposal is not going ahead as planned in 2017 is because of significant remedial work that City of Edinburgh Council now requires to Northbridge. It says that access to Northbridge will come in through New Street. I am disappointed just as he is. I can understand the anger, I can understand the frustration, but he will agree with me that I am sure that the safety of passengers is paramount. If there is remedial work that is needed to be done at Northbridge via the New Street access, he will agree that that priority is, of course, important. That is not to say that the issues, the concerns that the stakeholder group has, that the member has are equally as important. Of course, I am more than happy. I would take some issue with him to say that I refuse to meet. I simply suggested that he should meet with Network Rail, because it, of course, manages the station and the Edinburgh City Council to understand a little bit more. If he wishes to meet with me, of course I am more than happy to meet with him and to discuss this issue further. Christine Grahame Thank you, Presiding Officer. Is the minister aware, as I am, through my constituency mailbox that there are difficulties for disabled passengers in the Borders railway, which terminates in one direction outweaverly? That is also in part due to the age of 158 rolling stock. Can he advise me when that rolling stock will be coming down the line in providing better carriages? Michael Matheson Again, I recognise the member's interest in this, and she has been in contact with me previously. What I would say is that 26 of the fleet of 40 of the 158s, which are the most operated on the Borders route, have already been upgraded to meet the requirement for the persons with reduced mobility, including fitting two dedicated wheelchair spaces, companion seating, call for aid buttons, enhanced universal access, accessible toilets, improved customer information screens and priority seating. The entire ScotRail fleet will meet the rail vehicle access standards before 1 January 2020, as required by legislation. Class 170s used on Borders have been compliant since their introduction to Scotland in 1990. On plans to Cascade, yes, I can assure the member that plans are still in place to Cascade carriages across the network to ensure that we continue to provide the most up-to-date and the best rolling stock that we possibly can to the Borders and across the network to Scotland. Daniel Johnson The changes to Waverly station have been in place for some time now, and with the changes to the taxi rank, it has made access to those with mobility issues significantly impacted. I note in his answer to Miles Briggs that he stopped short of saying that he would meet the Edinburgh access panel. Can he now take the opportunity to agree to not just meet the member over there, but to meet the access panel? In short, will the minister make himself accessible to talk about accessibility? Michael Russell Minister, that is a wonderful soundbite, but what I did say is that I have already met the accessibility panel. I am the one who helped to facilitate and convene the meeting that he did not attend. I should say that Ash Denham and Miles Briggs did attend. I would be more than happy for the avoidance of any doubt to meet Miles Briggs to meet the accessibility panel. Of course, my point is that the station is managed by Network Rail. It is alongside Edinburgh City Council, which has the responsibility for the remedial works that are going on in the station. I do not have a ministerial magic wand, but I will meet the access panel. I will meet members, but please realise the importance that safety must be the priority for passengers whether they have accessibility issues or not. John Mason To ask the Scottish Government what estimate it has made of the proportion of retailers adhering to single-use carrier bag legislation. Minister Paul Wheelhouse As enforcement is a matter for local authorities, the Scottish Government does not hold information on it. However, our local authorities will hold information on enforcement activity undertaken in their own areas. John Mason I thank the minister for that reply. Last week, I bought an article of clothing at Jersey in Royal Mile and was not charged for the bag. That has happened to me several times in my own constituency when I am shopping. I wonder if the minister has any concern that there is a bit of not adherence to the legislation. John Mason I wish Mr Mason luck with his New Jersey. I hope that it is attractive. As I mentioned in my original answer, enforcement is a matter for local authorities, not just in fashion perhaps, but generally through trading standards. It is carried out on an intelligence-led basis. On a serious point, if the member or indeed members of the public have concerns about particular retailers, he may wish to raise that with Glasgow City Council, specifically the trading standards team within Glasgow City Council. All evidence that we have seen such as Marine Conservation Society's beach clean suggests that the charges are having the desired effect of cutting the overall number of bags being dispensed. We are seeing a greatly improved environment on our beaches. Maurice Golden Can the minister provide an estimate of the potential impact a charge on disposable coffee cups might have on the Scottish Government's target of a 15 per cent reduction in waste by 2025? John Mason I certainly recognise the issue that Maurice Golden has raised. It is certainly an issue in terms of the use of single-use cups is something that we are aware of has been raised as a concern. The Scottish Government is looking to undertake work to understand the potential impact of such a measure. We are constituting an expert panel to look into what a range of measures along similar lines to the carrier bag charge can be taken. That work will be kicked off by consideration of a charge on single-use cups such as coffee cups, which are often letters that the member knows and are very difficult to dispose of and recycle indeed. Therefore, we seek to encourage people to use reusable alternatives. I will raise the point with the Cabinet Secretary for Environment, Climate Change and Land Reform and see if there is some further information that we provide on the potential impact of it. Stuart McMillan I ask the Scottish Government what consideration it has given to implementing a European-style ticketing model for rail travel. Humza Yousaf I understand that the question has its origins in the area of penalty fares that are present and are not operated in Scotland. ScotRail is undertaking a number of initiatives to reduce ticketless travel, including an advertising campaign around bye before your board and encouraging passengers on the benefits of switching to smart. Stuart McMillan I thank the minister for that reply, but does the minister believe that the European ticketing system would aid her belly with Scotland with revenue collection and assist with some of the anti-social behaviour that has occurred due to the many unstaffed stations on the network? Would he ask her belly with Scotland to examine the feasibility of the introduction of such a model? Stuart McMillan As I said, there are no plans at the moment to introduce penalties for ticketless travel. If that approach is made by a belly with Scotland, it would involve a contract of variation. Of course, we could look at the feasibility of that in terms of anti-social behaviour. I am working with a number of MSPs across the political parties on their own stations, whether it is Hamilton Central or Helensbury station. Some of the actions that have been taken, we are hopefully seeing a reduction in some of that anti-social behaviour. If he thinks that there is a particular problem at his station, in his constituency I am more than happy to meet the member and see how we can help to reduce that. Ben Macpherson To ask the Scottish Government what action it is taking to increase social housing in Edinburgh. Kevin Stewart On this Scottish housing day, I say to Mr Macpherson that, over this parliamentary period, the Scottish Government has allocated affordable housing supply programme funding of nearly £190 million to the city of Edinburgh, which we expect to deliver around 4,000 homes. That will be for housing association and the City Council-led 21st century homes programme to deliver a range of housing in a mix of affordable tenures, but primarily focusing on social rented housing, which of course is a key Government priority. Ben Macpherson I thank the minister for that answer and warmly welcome the action that the Scottish Government has already taken. Does the minister agree with me that, as Edinburgh's population expands, as it is predicted to do in the coming years, the city will require a greater share of housing association grant subsidy levels in order to provide an adequate supply of social housing here in our growing capital city? Ben Macpherson Presiding Officer, I am pleased that the Edinburgh Council is developing a long-term ambitious new build affordable homes programme for the next decade. By the end of the parliamentary period, as Edinburgh will be receiving around £16 million more than its allocation this year, that is a 55 per cent increase in its resources to meet the housing needs of the city, including social housing. I was very pleased this morning to be able to go to see a development that Dunedin Canmore is bringing forward at Craig Miller, a project that was built by CCG, which will add another 111 homes here in Edinburgh. I hope that, with the affordable homes programme, with open market shared equity and a number of other Government schemes, including the national housing trust, that we will continue to see growth in housing here in Edinburgh. Joan McAlpine To ask the Scottish Government what its position is on the importance of rural schools. John Swinney Presiding Officer, the Scottish Government recognises that rural schools play a hugely important part in ensuring a vibrant and sustainable local community and economy in towns and villages across rural Scotland. That is why this Government made amendments to the Schools Consultation Scotland Act 2010, in 2014, to make the consultation process for school closure proposals more transparent and rigorous, and to strengthen the requirements relating to rural schools. Joan McAlpine Thank you. In Dumfries and Galloway, the council has put forward proposals to close a curc bean in Garleston primary schools. In each case, the proposals for closure have been met with fierce assistance from parents and the local community, who see huge educational benefits for their children in being a small classroom setting, as well as community benefits from the use of the schools for other activities. Does the cabinet secretary agree with me that the council must listen to those communities and take into account the devastation that would be felt should those schools close both to the education of the children and the sustainability of those villages? John Swinney The local authority is obliged to follow the terms of the Schools Consultation Scotland Act 2010, which requires it to undertake a statutory consultation in line with that act should the council decide to pursue that approach. That approach includes, among other things, complying with the special arrangements that apply to rural schools and ensuring that parents and all those affected by the proposal have an opportunity to make their views known. Consecretly, I would expect the local authority to meet its obligations in terms of that act. Given the statutory role that I have in the process, I am sure that Joe McAlpine and members will appreciate that I am unable to comment further on specific aspects of any proposals in the case that this prejudice is or has seen to prejudice any subsequent decision that I may have to take in terms of that act. John Swinney Thank you very much, and that concludes general questions. Before we turn to First Minister's questions, members will wish to join me in welcoming to the gallery her excellency, Tamar Berishashvili, the ambassador of Georgia to the UK.