Okay, so the meeting is recording say hi to all your online friends, okay? Everybody here in person is saying hi to you. I think we Karen is saying hi to you guys Well, yeah cool, I hope everybody is doing well. Let's pray and we get started. Okay father We thank you for today. We thank you that your mercies are new every morning We thank you Lord that we get to wake up. We call you our father Have this privilege of coming into your presence just as we are so thank you Lord Thank you that for your wonderful mercies and for your faithfulness that sustains us Day after day and for this privilege that we have to learn from your word today Holy Spirit we welcome you. I pray that even as we learn from your word I pray that you would teach us because the words is you are our teacher and as you teach I pray that you would be sensitive to the leading of your voice. I Pray that you would pour out your wisdom your knowledge and your understanding over us In Jesus name I pray Amen Amen, okay Okay Okay, let me ask this question one more time. How is everyone doing? No, okay. Okay. How is everyone online doing? It's giving a thumbs up or it's so fine or whatever Rain or fine. Okay, so you're all good Your weather is not helping us down. How many of you wanted to stay in bed today?  I know all of us wanted to be included. Okay Then I remember. Oh, I have a BC class So yeah, here I am Good. Good. Are you enjoying your BC classes so far? Yes Those of you online is enjoying other rest of your courses. I hope you are okay Well, so we've been This course is about praise and worship Last class two weeks ago. I think We just went through basic definitions of worship. What worship really is where we've went through some of the definitions by other people Who said worship is this worship is that and praises this praises that and From the previous class What can you share about what worship is? What do you remember from the last class? Uh, some of the things that we discussed on worship and if you online, please feel free to put it on the chat as well What are some of the things that you remember? Yell it out shout It's an action Okay, it's an action a verb. Yeah, it's you do things. Yeah, okay Declaration you say it you have to declare it. Okay. Just from the last does whatever you remember If it's a wrong answer, I'm going to shoot you. No, I'm not I'm going guys online What do you remember from the last class just feel free to share it on the chat and yeah Expressing hello. Okay to god. All right. What else? Acknowledging, okay. What but only two of them was there in class the last time? Yeah Taking you're taking a minute to say I love you father is also worship. It's as simple as that, right? We've somehow managed to complicate it Uh, oh guys come on online talk to me Krisha Ja Chen Shiv Kumar talk to me Okay We are not initiators of worship goddess. Yeah, thanks for sharing that That's a good point. Someone was listening What is fancy? What do you remember? I was not here in class And uh, nothing like that only What is this? He's on something inside and outside of me. Okay Thank you once again worship can be in any form that is thanksgiving gratitude Our love for him. Okay. Awesome. Thank you for sharing keep sharing on the chat section. I'm reading it What is what is Yes, sure Dedicating your time to god. Yeah Dedicating your time to god I one of my friends said One of the most expensive gift you can give someone is your time two things your words and your time Um, so yeah, what else else? What else anything else? surrender, yeah What about praise? Do you remember anything that we covered on praise and sacrifice? Sacrifice is giving up or It's in your notes So sacrifice is all giving up or also taking on something Okay, uh Judge him says submission celebration honoring exalting god to magnify him because he is worthy of our worship Yes, thanks. Uh, judging and uh Wait, okay Just hold on a second. Um, yeah, all right Surrender shiv kumar says surrender. Yeah, thank you Krishna says sacrifice is something we aren't obliged to give but we willing Uh, give it. Yeah taking on something giving up some so sacrifice when we use the word sacrifice It usually means we give up something right? I'm giving up. I'm giving this up. So, uh, yeah, I put it off and I put it on. Yeah, thanks Focus on me.  Okay. I want to be uh, I'm gonna sacrifice being uh with my friends So I can be with my family or taking on something that means you don't have to but you do it anyways But you don't have to but you do it anyways because Uh, you want to help that person you want to do whatever right? So that is uh sacrifice So these are some of the things that we looked at in the last class Uh, we are still in the praise and worship course. Just if you want in case you're wondering which course you're in BC 105 Okay, but today we'll just As the weeks go by we'll start going a little deeper and deeper, right? Uh, so We'll look at uh postures of praise. Okay. Um, some of the Hebrew words for praise in this class. Okay um But before we start off with the Hebrew words for praise um I I wanted to talk to us about uh posture of worship Okay, this is something that's not in your notes, but I want to share very briefly about uh posture.    That's a posture Right is like I want to listen to sir today Okay, some of you online. I have no idea what your posture is. Okay So the your cameras are off and your leg must be on the table It is like this. Okay. Here's this dude. Okay saying something So yeah god knows what your posture is But Your body language or your posture communicates something Right, it it is communicating. What is communicating? You are telling something Isn't it right? So for example, I'm not sure if you can see but then here's a chair And if I just sit back like this when you're speaking Thanks What does it say? I don't care about what you're really sharing. Isn't it, uh, you know, your hands folded. I'm not just the same. Okay Uh, but everything has a posture right, um There is a good posture and there is a Bad posture. So if the if there is good there has to be a bad, right I wanted to talk about this very briefly because worship is a posture Okay, uh, the google definition, uh, defines posture as this And I'll probably I'll share this pdf with you guys. Okay, don't worry But if you want to make a note of it, no problem. It says the position Someone said position, right? Okay the position in which Someone holds their body When standing or sitting Okay, a position when someone holds their body while standing or sitting that's posture and it goes on to say A particular way of dealing with Or considering something or an approach or attitude Okay, so all of this is part of posture like have you approached something over your attitude is and you're when you're considering something Now why am I sharing about all of this is, um Now in sometime we'll talk about seven Hebrew words for praise Okay, uh, I also wanted to talk one Hebrew word for worship Okay My Hebrew words, uh, you know, blah blah blah and whatnot See in English, uh, English is a is a relatively simple language I'll go as far as saying English can be a little boring Uh language why am I saying that is? Let's take the word love Okay, everybody say love Everybody online type love L o v e. Yeah, there you go. Thank you. Thank you Okay now We use that word for I mean so frequently maybe, uh, it's like, uh, I love It's uh, I love. Okay, Indian. I I love Dosa. I love paal bhaji. I I love Bogey, okay continental I love dogs. I love cats And then you also say I love my wife and I love my husband. Um We use the word love for Everything Right, I mean it's I'm just using that as an example Um, but in ancient greek It had four words for love Okay, I'm not going to talk about all of that but just so you know in the modern greek There are six words for love And each of those words have a different definition and a meaning to what it relates to Um, and so that's why Somewhere along the word and we've translating, you know, the ancient Scriptures was written in hebrew and in greek, isn't it and so translators when they were translating the word They have it's not always that you can find the closest meaning And so they were just you know one word. Okay. This is what it is. Let's put a common word for everything And so when you dig deeper into the original language, you get to know Okay, there's more different words and meaning to this word called worship And this word called Praise. Okay, so that's why we're going to look extensively in in the next two hours so first thing worship Is a posture which is something that we've already learned Right and we all we spoke about what posture is good. There's a good posture. There is a bad posture Um, I remember this one time So I used to play the drums. I used to Um, you know the drummer has to sit so When you when you sit on the chair or what we call it as a throne The throne has to be a set according to your height You know, so your feet touches the ground naturally. It's not too high It looks like you're standing and playing the drums. It shouldn't be too low. The legs are so high, you know So what happened? The throne that I was sitting on wasn't It was a repair or it was broken And so I continued to play in a wrong posture for a whole month And for the next eight months or so I had a severe lower back Issue if eight months it took me eight months to just come out of the back pain all because of a bad posture life lesson Bad posture can hurt you Right, okay, so we're going to talk more about it If a guy wants to propose to a girl or a girl who wants to propose to a guy why only guy all the time, you know Whatever who's to propose to whoever Okay, normally a guy what we would do is he will take a rose or a ring or whatever and say he'll go down on one knee Like we see in most movies. Okay. He'll go down on one me that that's on posture if he's messed up really bad He'll go down on two knees Okay Uh, someone said amen. No, okay And so I never messed up because I don't have a girlfriend, you know Right, uh, okay Because I was raised as a christian.   So I'm just controlling myself.  That's an expression of what you're feeling on the inside. Isn't it and that is a posture Isn't it and so similarly Worship is a posture and I'll keep I will keep saying this because Originally, Hebrew was a pictorial language Okay, what do I mean by a pictorial language? It was they did not have signs. It was like symbols.  Carl Something okay, so the original image for worship was Something like a face down like, you know completely on the ground Uh, that was the image of worship or that was the posture Of worship. It was recognizing or acknowledging that you were in the presence of someone Where you cannot defend yourself And you're saying okay, I am in the presence Of this mighty god I can't you know, just lift my face up But the only response as a posture is I'm going to go face down Right, I mean you think of this there are so many times in the bible when you read Isaiah chapter six Which we will later and revelation chapter four. Are you see these? Super angels, okay crazy creatures, right? okay All right, sorry guys Their posture is what? For example, Isaiah chapter six, right? Do you know there are these angels called the seraphim Okay, seraphah there simply means the burning ones. Okay Seraphah means singular seraphim means plural Okay, so that's where they are so they are the burning ones What is their posture with the two wings?  He is set apart and so the Hebrew people Recognize the same thing and said, okay, this Is the image of worship is face down Right. Are you guys with me? Right. So and then much later they came up with this word, uh, the Hebrew for worship Write it down. It's s h a c h a h s h a s h a c h a h Okay Okay, everybody say shaha Okay, are you ready for this?  Okay, even you guys online. Okay More phlegm Okay, one more time Everybody's trying to see rather think oh, I just let's leave me alone, you know It's fun, but Yeah, but that's the word shaha. Okay It means the same thing to bow down or to fall down flat Uh, you know, it means to put your face Where it belongs right to put your face in its place it's the picture of humility Okay it's the ultimate picture of humility and absolute surrender If you hear if you've been hearing the apc's declaration that we do a church. This is god's word. This is god speaking to me Right, uh, and there was a very end. It says I am an absolute surrender That means what you're really saying is your face down. I have no control over myself I give my all to you. I humble myself before you. You are my king.  Yes, uh, any questions or thoughts? Because I'm cool to continue You guys following? Yeah, all okay? Yeah Okay Wait, so if a good posture of worship is humility What is a bad posture? It's not difficult. No, it's an easy answer pride. Everybody say pride Pride Okay, say it with a little proud in your heart. Okay, so say pride Really, no, no pastor. I'm very humble to be proud Okay, uh, let's go to uh, Isiah chapter 14 Everybody let's go to Isiah chapter 14 And this is a kind of a scripture that will probably come back in the future as well but the first one of the first worship leader had a had a huge problem with Absolute surrender and humility Okay Who do you think that is? Okay Okay, I just want to read it for as Isiah chapter 14. I'll read it from verse 12 Okay, as I have 14 12 onwards it says How you have fallen from heaven O morning star son of the dawn You have been cast down to the earth You who once laid low the nations you said in your heart I will ascend to heaven I will raise my throne above the stars of god I will sit in throne on the mount of assembly On the utmost heights of the sacred mountain I will ascend above the pops of the clouds. I will make myself like the most high But you are brought down to the grave to the depths of the pit Let's go to another book. Let's go to Really quickly let's go to Ezekiel 28 Ezekiel chapter 28 Okay, I'm going to read Ezekiel 28. I'm going to read verse 14 And 15 and verse 17. Okay, Ezekiel chapter 28. Everybody there? Yeah, okay Ezekiel chapter 28 was 14. It says you were anointed as a guardian cherub For so I ordained you You were on the holy mount of god.  So I threw you to the earth. I made a spectacle of you before kings Okay Guys, uh those of you who are here and also on land Is anything that I want you to remember From this course Okay, you can forget everything You can forget the Hebrew words that you will be learning every definition what not But just these two things Okay, like the probes says let it be like a necklace around you. Okay Humility I'm pride Remember humility is the good posture. It's the only posture of worship that you should be focused on As soon as pride enters it's going to destroy your life. Okay. I'll say that again.  Oh, I've been coming to this church for 15 years. I've been playing every sunday Why should this fellow come and play suddenly? What's that? It's another posture of pride, isn't it? Whatever it could be so many pride can come in so many different ways and so many different forms I am better than this person Just as two things humility Will take you a long way pride will destroy you. You're calling your family everything It's more dangerous than you think because god absolutely How to say it in a very simple word. He hates it Okay, uh wrong proof sure James chapter four verse six James chapter four verse six. We know what it says right god resists the Humble Okay, you guys online all okay. Yeah Yeah, James chapter four verse six god resists They're proud but gives Grace to the humble Right. What does resist means? resistance resist everybody say resist resist Okay, r e s i s t Okay, what does it mean push back? push back Okay, that's what it means to resist means okay, so Um, well in world war, you know world war one world war two when an army was coming against you know say, okay When the german army was attacking a certain nation the english army resisted them That means they were pushing them back that they were holding them the other army back, right?  What do you do?  I don't care how good you look.   I'm intentionally talking more about the bad posture because I think it's important right Approves chapter 3 verse 34 anybody Proverbs chapter 3 verse 34 Someone go to matthew chapter 23 verse 12 First one is proverbs chapter 3 verse 34 Surely he scorns the scornful So he marks the markers that gives grace to the humble. That means the markers are full of pride Right. He marks the markers but gives grace to the humble someone matthew 23 12 Okay, whoever exalts himself Who you know self promotion Anyone heard of self promotion Wherever you go, you know, you'll see, okay, this is my CV. This is my CV. This is my CV. This is my resume Okay, I've been this I've been to so many nations. I've done so many things. I've Respected so many people from the dead, you know, I've healed so many people's Self exaltation Right That's part of pride, but whoever humbles himself who gives god the glory who gives all the credit to him God will Exalt him that's matthew chapter 23 verse 12. Okay, uh, are you getting tired of the spiral verses? No, okay, just a couple more James chapter 4 verse 10 It says humble yourself Before the Lord and he will Exalt you right humble yourself before the Lord and he will exalt you I'm gonna I'll talk more about humility in the latter chapters to come Uh, right because like I said guys, this is two words. Remember when you graduate and go or whatnot Humility and pride Okay, it will keep you in check it will keep your heart in its place Okay Um, finally one last, uh passage of scripture Let's go to proverbs again I'm gonna read two different chapters first. You can make a note of it proverbs chapter 16 Verse 15 and just another verse on pride forward 16, sorry 18 apologies Pride goes before destruction A hotty spirit before a fall What is followed pride goes before Destruction, okay, can anybody else have another version? I have an IV um Yeah, nkjb message whichever That's 16 18 Proverbs chapter 16 verse 18 Yes, sir Thank you. Yes, sir Yes, sir. I got pride leads to destruction And arrogance too See the pride has the word pride itself is filled with so much of pride. It has so many different words words for arrogance hotty Entitled So what is it pride goes before Destruction I said it will destroy you That's what destruction is right demolish Like you never even existed Okay, it goes before destruction and a hotty spirit before a fall Um in school. I remember there was a subject called moral science Did anybody else have a moral science in their schools? Okay? Okay, and there was a lesson in that called pride has a fall I don't know which standard I wasn't but then I always remember that but Okay, one last scripture guys. Okay. I want us to read this Proverbs chapter 6 let's go to proverbs chapter 6 Let's read from 16 to 19 can anyone read proverbs chapter 6 verse 16 to 19 Thank you Right, so there are six things the lord hates If you haven't highlighted that You should Okay Yeah, make it very colorful The six things the lord hates. Okay. If he hates something We ought to know about it. Okay Um seven that are detestable to him first on the list What is the first thing on the list?  Okay. What all it leads to A proud look kind of leads to a lying tongue Hands that shed innocent blood a heart the devices wicked schemes Feet that are quick to rush into evil A false witness who pours out lies And a man who stirs up dissension among brothers I felt like taking a deep breath after reading all that it's I love teaching the subject because it keeps me in check Uh, it keeps reminding me that it is Not about me. Uh It's very easy When you've been teaching the subject, I don't know for almost two decades or whatnot, but And the last two decades at least 20 25 years This generation the previous generation Have spoken more about worship Than about prayer We've begun to worship worship Did it make sense Somewhere in this 20 25 years of a journey. We've Managed to worship worship. We've managed to celebrate the lights and the good sound equipment. All of that is good Necessary important, but we've made it all about the stage Okay, and that's me being brutally honest So coming back to the posture of worship Shaha That absolute surrender, right It's the ultimate posture of humility But when you come before him when you have a revelation of who this god is that you and I are called to worship Uh, this will be the default response, right Once again coming back to isaac chapter six when you see when isaac has this revelation of this god Right, he sees uh in the year the king uzair died I saw the lords lifted high and seated on high and throned and then the four seraphims Crying out to one another holy, holy, holy the lord god The whole earth is full of his glory and the temple the pillars of the temple shook And then he's seeing all of this And then what is isaac's response? Roe unto me for I am a man of unclean lips He realized that he is in the presence of the one where he cannot defend himself He falls face down Right, uh when moses comes into the presence of god for the first time, uh, what does god tell him? Remove your sandals for you are on you're standing on Holy ground right, um There's something beautiful about humility that god loves something beautiful about another word for humility is brokenness Right, um, everybody say brokenness and a very just I'm reminded of this woman This lady who comes to jesus and breaks the alabaster jar um, I'll talk about it extensively later, but It's one of my favorite acts of worship Uh, if she comes and she breaks the alabaster jar She fills the whole room with the fragrance. She breaks the jar So there is a fragrance of worship that arises in our brokenness Right humility brokenness is something that it's like Laws of physics like, you know gravity you throw something. Uh, it has to come down, right? I'm not gonna throw it but humility and Brokenness it's like a law that heaven cannot ignore You know what I'm saying heaven cannot look at a broken heart and ignore If it sees a heart that is hungry if it sees a heart if if god is looking at a heart that is broken He can't help but respond He has to come I'm using the words intentionally. He has to come And he has always responded like that Every time he's seen a desperate heart and a broken heart A heart of humility. He says yep I gotta go And what happened to haggar in the wilderness I can go on and on and on about every time god responded to a broken heart um, so I want to pause here for this session guys is, uh About the posture of worship just coming back to that Is the ultimate posture of worship is humility Okay, uh, you can forget about all the fancy definitions everything, uh, you know that we were learning which is all important and they are all great um There can be a good posture and a bad posture The good posture is humility. The bad posture is pride That is the key takeaway of this lesson. That is the model of the story session, I guess, um Right, uh, any thoughts any questions anything that you want to add goes online you guys, okay How's your posture in your room? Uh Yeah, any thoughts anything? Yes Yeah, so that's the thing is that's I mean, so okay The question here is if heaven is holy, uh, how did pride enter? Lucifer as we know, right? Okay, I'm reminded of this verse. Let's go to Joel 1515 um Heaven is not holy God is holy um That is job. I think it's job 1515 heaven. It's been a while. It better be job 1515 Is it okay Yeah, not bad. My memory is kind of good. Okay so Job chapter 15 was 15 Uh It says if God places no trust in his holy ones if even the heavens are not pure in his eyes Okay, so one of the alternate words what we think of for holy or holiness is pure Our righteousness Right. So when we say Ask someone to be holy. We immediately think okay. I'm not going to sin. I'm not going to lie I'm not going to do a certain things and whatnot, right And there's another psalm that I want us to read. Um, just give me a second guys You can turn to the book of psalms. I think psalms Where is that psalm? Okay, so here's psalm 89 psalm 18 9 Just in I see a question. Uh, I'll get to that in just a second. Okay. Just want to acknowledge your question. Yeah Okay, so psalm 18 9 Um I love the psalm Can I read from the top? Is that okay? Yeah Just follow along with me psalm 89 It says I will sing to I will sing off the Lord's great love forever with my mouth I will make your faithfulness known through all generations I will declare that your love stands firm That you established your faithfulness in heaven itself You said I have made a covenant with my chosen one. I have sworn to David my servant I will establish your line forever and make your throne firm through all generations Okay, cool. That's five The heavens praise your wonders. Oh lord your faithfulness too in the assembly of the holy ones For who in the skies above can compare with the lord who is like the lord among the heavenly beings Okay Like the lord among the heavenly beings That means the angels and whatever. Okay in the council of the holy ones God is greatly feared.  It's a rhetorical question, right? You are mighty.  Okay, so I want to read that whole passage there because Um, it says who and the heavenly beings are like the lord. So basically when we say god is holy It simply means that there is no one like him Okay, so that means he stands alone like he is Holy by himself. So everything else is uh, it's just a creation like a creature and whatnot. So I mean to answer your question God alone is holy. So that doesn't mean heaven in itself is like what joe 1515 says because in his eyes Even the heavens are not pure because there is no one like him and And that's a beautiful reminder of who we are like Isaiah says that right so now that I've seen your holiness I see how sinful I am I want to make for I am a man of unclean lips right, so Um, yeah, I hope that answered your question, but we can have a discussion A judgment question. He has a question from him. It says to have a humble and a broken spirit before god When circumstances are hard It's quite easy But how do we take a consistently humble Before god when things are going right for us? Because that's when we stumble. It's an amazing point judgment and a kind of question. Thank you for asking How do we stay humble when things are going right? When uh, when you've been blessed with everything you have everything all that you need. That's when you feel like, okay Why do I need god? Isn't it uh And that's when you need to realize that's when you need god more Right when he's blessed you with everything uh One of the reasons why david from the shepherd boy Even when he became a king One of my favorite psalms is psalm 23 Okay, psalm 23 Are we Constantly read in first kings And second half of the second kings And in the book of first chronicles and whatnot david will constantly go into a cave Uh and to just to worship right um psalm 23 starts with this line says what? The lord is my So the historians say he wrote this psalm somewhere Halfway through when he was a king Like in his latter years of a king So imagine this David has had all the success possible by then Yes, he's won many battles many wars.  I have everything that I need. I have people to do And they will do whatever I tell them to do But then he just pauses and he reflects and he says the lord is my shepherd. So Just slowing down a little bit And acknowledging what god has done in your life Will keep you in the right track. So, uh, that's one of the ways jachan is, you know, reflecting back on god's faithfulness Uh Yep, uh worship is not limited to time we spend in praising him through a song or saying something verbally. It is a lifestyle Yes, nina. It is a lifestyle. Yeah Okay, so i'm gonna just pause the recording here. Uh, I will go for a break now I'll see you all in 10 minutes


I was watching a TV show last night and I was thinking I was watching it. They should have quit this whole thing two seasons ago. It felt old and it felt tired and like in the freshness originality it had in the first two seasons. You don't want a movie or a TV show gets passed itself by dead. You know those that don't know when to quit and sometimes we don't know when to quit. We keep manufacturing energy we call it grit to sustain something often because we feel a sense of guilt or shame or embarrassment in quitting something that we have spent so much time investing in. But the most successful people in the world don't do that. They know when to quit. Do you know when to quit? Is there something in your life right now that you know you need to quit it and knowing when to quit something or when to stick with something is not always easy but I've learned a lot about that in my life. In mindsets, in belief systems, in relationships, in financial commitments and so on and so on. Join me next Monday for my next live Zoom conversation with my global mentorship tribe. I'm going to speak to you guys about strategic quitting, knowing when and how to quit well in your life. Hey there's 50% off just to come and join us for that session. Link in the bio for more information. Join us. I'll see you Monday. We'll have a great conversation, some Q&A together. I'll see you guys then. Cheers.


Today my beautiful people, we look at another new addition to the game, a new legendary SMG and this one made by Maliwan. It's called the Iron Laser and today we discuss whether or not you should make space within your loadout for this new weapon. How's it going guys, my name's DPJ and today I bring you another Borderlands 3 video. If you do enjoy living I like really helps out and subscribe if you want to see more. On screen I can see my weekly giveaway along with last week's winner. To be in with a chance of winning this yourself, follow the instructions on screen now on good luck. So the Iron Laser is a random drop from aboard the Hansel Jackpot. My first was sent to me by my pal who is Avril Arrow 99 but then I had one drop myself. Now upon first seeing this before actually testing it, I thought we were going to see another variant to like the Cutsman that devoted the cloud kill, the kid's worth etc etc. But actually guys, this thing is nothing like those other Maliwan SMGs at all. If anything, it's actually more like the splarder assault rifle which has been around since day one which is an absolute monster of a weapon and I know it has quite a fanbase. So firstly people, of this new SMG I have two variants. They come offering two elements which you can switch between on the fly. This I really like as it helps free up space for other things. My best variant offers trial and radiation with 245 damage which is quite low, 76% accuracy, 59% handling, reload speed of 2.7 seconds and a 3.31 fire rate with a magazine size of 37, particles unite, plus 28% weapon charge speed, plus 40% melee damage with a 1.7x zoom. So having used this weapon for some time, I knew straight away what this actually is and the intentions behind this thing coming into the game. This is an alternative to the splarder variants. If we compare them side by side, they stat wise do kind of equal out. The splarder has more damage but the iron laser has a quicker fire rate and bigger magazine size. They shoot almost exactly the same. Now if you are an average user of the splarder you will notice that sometimes you fire an extra projectile along with your ghostbusters beam of energy. That happens with the iron laser too but it's much better over here. As the longer you hold down the trigger upon letting it go, it fires projectiles which deal amazing damage. I have constantly managed to spawn 6 of these projectiles by just holding down that trigger for around half its clip size. And like I said, these do brutal damage. Now I said alternative to the splarder while actually people, the beauty of this thing although I wouldn't say it's quite as capable of the splarder, the beauty is these can be used within the same loadout as ones in SMG, the others in the assault rifle meaning they won't steal ammo from one another. Plus the fact that iron laser can switch elements, these I feel don't have to face off against each other. They'll work better alongside each other for sure. Now using the weapon feels decent depending on the modifier though it can deal some amazing damage or it can be utterly useless. Much like most weapons in the game. It's an all-around decent SMG but I won't say it's one of the best in the game as the variant I have could be better. I do have a feeling there may be a two times variant out there too which I think would make this weapon absolutely tough. But all in all it's a very decent and capable SMG. Much different from the other Mallowen SMGs this game offers but I like it. I would give this thing a solid 6.5 out of 10 for sure. Is it a replacement to the splarder? I'd say no. Does it work great alongside it? I'd say definitely. So yes guys I have been DPJ and these are my initial thoughts and a quick review of the Iron Laser. A legendary new to the Moxies heist of the handsome jackpot and it drops at random from any boss aboard the handsome jackpot. So get it people if you like the look of it. And on that note we have come to the end of the video. If you guys enjoyed it leaving a like really helps out. If you're new around here and want to see more Borderlands videos be sure to subscribe. And if you never want to miss a video I upload a can to notifications on by hitting that bell button. But guys thanks as always for stopping by. Hopefully you enjoyed the video and hopefully I will see you on that next one.


Hello everybody! In this video, I will show you what to do if the CPU in your computer is at 100% usage all the time, why it happens and how it can be fixed. If you need to recover deleted data, view or restore removed browse in history. Hetman software products will help you. Follow the link in the description, download the necessary program for free, install it and analyze the disk. The utility will show you the data you can recover, so you will be able to view it or get it back. In our channel and blog you will find solutions to any problem, from installing an operating system or configuring it to fixing possible bugs and errors or optimizing mobile gadgets. Our specialists will answer any questions you ask in your comments under the videos or articles. We all know that the CPU is a key element in any computer as it processes all the data so any program or application you start uses a certain percentage of the CPU's power. On the other hand, the less loaded the CPU, the quicker and better the overall performance. That is, files and apps open faster and so on. That is why it's very important to never have your CPU at 100% usage and to make sure it possesses some spare capacity to handle other tasks. In today's video, we will try to find out what causes the CPU to work at full load and how you can avoid it. So, let's begin with the things that may cause 100% CPU usage. In a Windows operating system, there are several possible reasons for that and each one has a solution of its own. The most widespread one is a certain service or program consuming all the resources of the CPU. Another possible cause is failures in the work of a service which makes it behave in a very unsetting way. Most users don't think much about cleaning their computers from dust or replacing the thermal paste which often results in overheating the central processor and making it work at full load. Other things behind 100% CPU usage may include virus activities, driver issues, start up list full of unneeded apps, hard disk problems, antivirus scans, troubled peripherals and, surprisingly, the CPU that has become too weak for the current work. Finding the actual root of the problem with 100% CPU usage requires a series of diagnostic tests and we are about to start right away. Let's begin with opening the Task Manager to see if there is a process putting a lot of pressure on the CPU. Lead by pressing the key shortcut Ctrl-Shift-Esc. Now switch to the tab processes that lists all processes and services running at the moment. Fuckin' winnings! You can sort them by clicking on the CPU icon. This simple step lets you visualize what service or program consumes a considerable amount of the CPU power. Too often, after you finish working in a resource-intensive program, they still leave behind some services or incorrectly closed applications, which affect the computer's performance and browsers do it more often than any other software. Also, playing high-quality videos could be a difficult task that all the computers just can't handle as their processors would be struggling and making the entire computer feel sluggish. To fix the problem, right-click on the application consuming the CPU's resources and select End Task from the list to actually close it. However, you should be careful. If you have a system service, new problems are guaranteed and you will have to restart the computer manually. If you don't see any processes in the task manager that could give your CPU a hard time but is still 100% loaded, try using third-party tools for monitoring active processes, for example, Process Explorer. This is a free utility for Windows and you can find it in the SysInternals website, which has been purchased by Microsoft back in 2006. This utility can show you absolutely every process in your PC and help you get rid of the ones you don't need. System idle process shows how much system resources are free. As you can see, my CPU is not overloaded at the moment. This is a normal situation for a computer unless there is some resource-intensive stuff running. The line interrupts shows how often the system interruptions occur. Normally, it should stay within the limits of a few percent. If this figure is several times higher, congratulations, you'll find the culprit and we'll talk about it a bit later. Another process to reduce the computer's performance is svchost.exe. In fact, this is a system process, but all kinds of viruses may use this name as disguise. In today's video, we will also show you how to deal with it. Assuming you have found the process taking away all of the CPU's resources, use the task manager and task option to put an end to that. If there is evidence to believe the problem comes from the interrupts, the probable troublemaker is drivers, or to be more exact, they are incompatibility with the operating system or with each other. First of all, check the drivers for chipset, motherboard, graphics, Wi-Fi model, sound and network adapters. Learn how to install or update drivers from a video on our YouTube channel. Find the link in the description. If the task manager and process explorer couldn't help you to find the cause for 100% CPU usage, let's move on to drivers. Manufacturers often roll out new versions of drivers to improve performance of their devices. However, new doesn't always mean better. And sometimes all the drivers are more predictable in their work. So when you download and update drivers, look for the ones having the word stable in their name. These are the versions that don't have bugs or errors. I'd recommend booting in safe mode and checking if the CPU is going to be running at 100% again. If there are no issues, there are high chances that drivers use to cause the problem, because a computer booted in safe mode doesn't use drivers. In most of the cases, the troublemakers are network adapters and generic drivers by Microsoft which are installed with Windows. So download drivers from the official website of the company that manufactured your hardware and update them. To begin with, try installing the latest version. Usually, it has all bugs fixed. And if the CPU problem reappears, try another version. In case you can't find the manufacturer's name in its own official website, you can use third-party utilities for updating drivers. For example, DriverPackSolution. As I said before, another cause behind the problem could be viruses. Their presence on a computer always affects its performance. Just as any other application, they consume a part of the CPU resources, so it ends up virtually gasping for breath. If the CPU usage problem is caused by a virus, you can track it with a task manager or the tool called Process Explorer. To make things even worse, viruses often disguise themselves into system processes so users are afraid to take a risk of removing them. The process most frequently used that way is svchehost.exe. And it is pretty difficult even for a power user to understand whether it is a virus or not. There is a good video about removing viruses in our channel, check the link below. So far, the best option would be to scan up a computer and remove any malware your antivirus can detect. If the problem can't be fixed, try disconnecting peripheral devices one by one, like scanner, printer, mouse, webcam, and so on. Also, make sure that the device manager doesn't show you any peripheral devices missing proper drivers. Open the device manager by right-clicking on the Start menu and choosing the corresponding line. Now check the list on the left for any devices with a yellow exclamation mark next to them. For any of such devices, install proper drivers. Now, let's find out when the problem may be caused by the process svchehost.exe. There are only two variants possible. It's either a virus or this system process really uses the central processor so much. If it's a virus activity, in most cases you can see it in the Process Explorer as a process started by administrator or by your account. In this case, just add this task and clean the computer from viruses. On the contrary, if svchehost is really a system process, try turning Windows automatic updates off and try disabling the antivirus, because sometimes it may come into conflict with other software installed on your machine. To turn updates off, open the Services tab, find Windows Update Service, open its properties and set its startup type as disabled, then click Stop. Save the settings and restart the computer. With Process Explorer tool, you can monitor all running processes including svchehost. Just enable the option to display process signatures. Options. Verify image signature. There will be one more line with Microsoft confirmation for the signature. If one of svchehost processes lacks this confirmation, it might be a virus. Also, you can check any process with the help of VirusTotal website. Open Options and select it from the list. One confirmation only and you will see a new column with information from VirusTotal. You will see how many antiviruses find this process suspicious. One of the key conditions for any computer to work properly is the temperature. If the CPU gets too hot, you will notice it by lags, freezes, blue screens of death, and sudden shutdowns. To find out the current temperature of the central processor, use special tools like ADA64. In fact, a computer may be overheating due to one of the following things. Too much dust, a malfunctioning cooling fan or high temperature in the room. In the first case, all you need to do is to get rid of dust. Be it a desktop PC or laptop, it needs to be cleaned every six months or at least once a year. All the dust clogging inside makes heat sinks and cooling fans less effective and turns your computer into a really hot thing, which is not cool at all. The choice is yours. You can either take it to a service shop or clean it on your own. By the way, you can visit our channel to watch a special video or tutorial about cleaning a laptop. Do it by just checking the link below. In the second case, you need to replace the malfunctioning cooling fan with a properly working one. It's quite easy to determine if the fan is to blame. Open the system unit cover, listen and look carefully. The fan should be rotating without any difficulty and without any strange sounds like squeaking or crackling. If the cooling fan is out of order, visit the service shop immediately to have it replaced or do it on your own, if you know how. If the problem is caused by the room being too hot, do something to cool it down. If no other options are possible, open the cover of the system unit and position a portable fan nearby to have it blowing in the direction of the computer. If you use a laptop, there are special cooling fans for sale. Many users tend to work with their computers for years without reinstalling the operating system or cleaning it from the programs they don't need any longer. Over time, with dozens of apps installed, the startup list of the operating system grows too long, and every time you turn the computer on, it starts booting tons of stuff you haven't used for a long time. That's one of the things able to keep the CPU usage too high, and the solution is obvious – clean the startup list. There is a popular utility, Ciclinr, capable of removing all the apps you don't need anymore, so use it to clean the startup list and leave only the antivirus and a handful of products you need every day. Otherwise, open the task manager and switch to the startup tab. Disable the apps you don't use or the ones you use, very seldom. While the task manager is open, have a closer look at the list of processes. It's possible that your computer is running too many apps at the same time, and the CPU can't handle them all. So, the processes but their impact on the CPU usage Start ending the most resource-intensive ones. If you are not sure what this or another process does, search this information on the internet. One of the causes for high CPU usage can be the hard disk. In some cases, it can have the processor loaded even to 100%. Most often, it happens when the hard disk is about to break down. To be on the same side, check it for errors as soon as possible. I recommend watching a good video about it in our channel and you can find the link below as usual. If your computer is rather old, most likely it can't keep up with the new tasks. The progress of technology is especially evident in the IT field. Updates for various programs come out every day, and standard apps are growing hungry for more and more resources every year. If you use a standard app like a browser, Microsoft's Paint or a photo viewer, and the CPU usage picks to 50% or even 100% and stays there, it looks like it's high time for an upgrade. Talking of antiviruses, it's a good thing to have. But with the weak CPU, you will hardly fancy its permanent monitoring. However, it's easy to check, just disable the antivirus or boot in safe mode. If the central processor is nowhere the 100% figure, it must be the resource-intensive antivirus you are using, so you can try switching to a product that needs less CPU power. Summing up Here is a piece of advice I'd like to give you. If you own a low-end computer or it has a slow hard disk, disable automatic updates or replace the conventional hard disk with a solid state drive. If the hard disk is too slow, it has to work at max load all the time, and it keeps the CPU busy as well. However, it can be avoided by turning automatic updates off. And that's all for now. I hope this video was useful for you. Remember to click the Like button and subscribe to our channel. Push the bell icon to receive notifications and never miss a new video. Leave comments to ask questions and share your opinion. Thank you for watching. Good luck!


only I or you decide how to frame a past trauma. I had to decide how do I frame my father in my life? What will be my abiding thinking that I decide to settle upon about him?  I have to decide how to frame what happened how to frame my trauma and abuse and so do you. I decided that I would frame my view of my father as seeing him as a man who was in trauma himself. Never knew it never got help. My father himself was traumatized perhaps by his own father who I didn't know my grandfather. I framed my dad as a troubled man a man that was in trauma himself a man that perhaps did the best they knew how to do as a parent in my kind of thinking of him. I see my dad as a teacher to me in all the things I'm sharing with you now. I'm taking something good from something terrible. I'm trying to make it redemptive I'm progressive instead of miserable and destructive. I've decided that I will not stay wounded but I will allow what happened to me to become a scar that heals over from which I can help you.


We continue with our discussion on force on a plane surface submerged in the fluid. And we take up the same example that we took in the last class and we will try to find out the force on this surface by direct integration without going into the standard expression for force. So here if we recall what is the objective of this problem is to solve that what is the force that is required to keep this gate stationary. And to do that what we required is to find out the moment of the distributed forces acting on this semicircular plate with respect to the hinge point O that was the one of the objectives for writing the equations of equilibrium with respect to the rotational equilibrium. So to do that what we can take we can take a small element so when you take a small element here you have to consider a radial and a circumferential element simultaneously. So we can consider a small element shaded like this what is the specification of the small element which is located or centered around r, theta that means we consider that this is located at a radial location of r and angular location of theta the angle subtended by the element is d theta. The radial location is small r which is the radial location of the element the radial width of the element is dr. So what is the differential area that is being represented by the element yes no question of 2 pi right is just shaded element the shaded area. So it is like roughly like a rectangle one of the sides is r d theta another side is dr. So r d theta dr what is the force that acts on this element due to pressure what is the pressure acting on this element. It is related to the local height of the element what is this local height so h is the total height minus small r sin theta. So the force acting on this dA that is df is equal to h minus r sin theta into rho into g into r d theta dr. What is the moment of this force with respect to o so this into r sin theta. So if we can break it up into 2 terms multiply this by r sin theta so it will be h r square sin theta minus r cube sin square theta that into rho g d theta dr. Now the total moment of this distributed force with respect to the point o is integral of this dm. Now when you consider the integral the integral is with respect to both theta as well as r it is a double integral. So you may evaluate the integral with respect to r first or theta first it is irrelevant. Let us say that you want to evaluate the integral with respect to r first. So you have first the integral with respect to r so when you have integral with respect to r small r varies from 0 to capital R. So the first term becomes this is r square dr that means r cube by 3 so this we are integrating with respect to r sin theta minus this is r cube dr so r to the power capital R to the power 4 by 4 sin square theta d theta. Now integral with respect to theta what is the limit of theta 0 to pi so the remaining work is very simple I need not complete this one these are very simple integrals and you can complete yourself. So once you complete this integral you will get an expression for resultant moment of the distributed force with respect to o in terms of h capital R and of course rho and g. And this resultant moment is equal to what capital F into capital R so that will tell you what is the value of capital F. We have seen that why it is so because all other forces acting through it will pass through o so they will have no moment with respect to o so this is just like these are the two counter acting moments. So this example shows that whenever you have force on a surface it is not necessary that you have to go by the formula that we have derived you may as well take a small element consider pressure distribution over the small element and find out what is the resultant force due to that pressure distribution resultant moment and so on by fundamentally integrating it over the entire area without going into the formula. Next what we will consider is force on a curved surface. Now can you tell me that what is the fundamental difference or what you expect the fundamental difference to be as compared to the force on a plane surface how you expect force on a curved surface to be different conceptually force on a curved surface. Again what is this surface this is immersed in a fluid at rest that we are not repeating so the surface may be something like let us say the surface is something like this. Then if you see this surface is actually something like this okay and there is some fluid on one side and that fluid is exerting some force on the surface. So this is again edge view of the surface earlier we were concentrating on force on a surface like this is a plane surface now it is a curved surface. So you can understand the geometrical difference that is fine. Similarly in terms of basic mechanics how do you expect these to be different as compared to that for force on a plane surface force direction changes as you move from one point to the other point that means it is not a system of parallel forces. So the plane surface has to deal with a system of parallel forces so you can treat it like a scalar addition problem or a scalar summation problem whereas in this case it is having the pressure always acting normal to the boundary normal to the boundary is a direction that is changing from one point to the other and therefore the resultant force is being dictated by a varying direction of the surface. So you no more have a system of parallel elements which is giving rise to the resultant. So whenever you are adding here that to make the resultant force it has to be a true vector addition it is not just by adding it up in a scalar way integration is nothing but summing up the individual components and you could see that very simple integration could give the same result for force on a plane surface. For a curved surface therefore fundamentally the principle is the same that is you take element of the curved surface you find out what is the force acting on it the force acting on it will be normal to it you may break it up into components horizontal and vertical components in this way for each of the elements you can find out the horizontal and vertical components algebraically sum them up and make the vector addition. So this is a something which is very trivial. Now it is possible sometimes to reduce the calculation a little bit by taking some help from the concept of force on a plane surface and let us see how just consider that there is a fluid column like this. This is a volume of fluid which we are considering to be located within the projected part of this curved surface. So if this ends of the curved surfaces are projected to the free surface whatever volume is contained within that that contained volume is enclosed by this dotted line. Now let us say that we are interested on the forces which are acting on this volume of fluid. So this volume is now having 2 plane surfaces 3 plane surfaces but forget about the top surface just for the time being consider the side surfaces. So if you consider the volume say a b c d the surfaces a b and c d are plane surfaces and let us see that what are the forces which are acting on this plane surfaces. So we are essentially trying to draw a free body diagram of the volume element which is enclosed by this dotted line. So what are the forces which are acting on this? So when you have the left face there is some fluid towards the left of it that exerts a force due to pressure. What will be the direction of that force? Let us say we set up coordinates like this x and y. So what will be the direction of that force? x. So we call it a horizontal force assuming that x is a horizontal direction. Let us say that f h or f h 1 is the horizontal force acting from the left towards this element. Similarly if you have some fluid again on this side there will be a horizontal force say f h 2 acting from the other side towards this. Remember this force is due to pressure it is compressive in nature. So whatever is the fluid element located on the other side it is having a tendency to compress it and that is how the senses of these vectors are there. These are the horizontal components of the forces on these sides. What are the additional forces on this element? It should have its own weight. So whatever water or fluid is contained here that will have its weight say w. Any other force? Yes? There is a reaction between the surface and the fluid and that reaction again is likely to have two components. One is the horizontal component and another is the vertical component.  What are these? These are the components of the reaction forces exerted by the curved surface on the fluid. The fluid is in equilibrium. So when the fluid is in equilibrium you must have resultant force along x equal to 0.   Then resultant force along y equal to 0. What it means? f v minus w equal to 0. That means f v equal to w. From this apparently very simple calculation we come up with a very interesting result. That is if you have a curved surface still whatever forces which are acting on it you may resolve it into two components. For the horizontal component it is basically the resultant force on the horizontal projections or on the projections of these curves ends of the curves on a vertical plane or so called horizontal components of the forces on vertical projections of the end of the curve. That means if you have a curve like this, when you consider the end, this end when you consider its projection the projection is just like this. So we are basically having to consider a horizontal component of force for the left, a horizontal component of force for the right and the difference of these two is actually giving the horizontal component of the net force. For the vertical component it is just the weight of the fluid that is being contained within this extended volume. So if you somehow can calculate the weight of the fluid and that is as good as calculating the volume of the fluid because then you can use the density to calculate the weight of the fluid. So whatever fluid is contained here within this dotted line, weight of the fluid is the vertical component of the force and whatever is the horizontal component of force or whatever is the force because of pressure on the projections from the taken from the sides of this curve that contributes to the resultant horizontal force. And remember that these are the forces exerted by the curve surface on the fluid. We are interested in the other thing, the opposite thing that is what is the force on the curve surface. So by Newton's third law those are just negatives of this one. So minus F h and minus F v are the forces which are exerted by the fluid on the curve surface. Let us take an example to see that how we calculate it. Let us say that we have a long circular cylinder and you have the free surface of the fluid in this way. So on the left side this is the free surface on the right side this is the free surface and the solid material is a circular cylinder long its length is perpendicular to the plane of the board. We are interested to find out what is the resultant horizontal and vertical component of force exerted by the fluid on this cylinder. So what we will do is we will give some names of or we will give some markers to important parts of the surface say the 4 important points a, b, c and d and we will consider the forces acting on this curve surface one by one. So first let us consider the force acting on a, b. First let us consider the vertical components of forces then we will do the horizontal component. So for vertical component what we want we should raise projections from the end of the surface till it reaches the free surface. Whatever is the volume of the fluid contained within that it is the weight of that fine. So for the part a, b it is like this. Next let us consider the part b, c. So when you consider the part a, b and you know the vertical component of force is it downwards or upwards it is downwards and from common sense it is clear that the pressure is being exerted in such a way that its vertical component is downwards. Now consider b, c. So for b, c what we do again we raise the projection from one end it is like this. From c we raise the projection up to the free surface. So whatever is the volume that is contained within this. So what volume is contained within this? This is the volume that is contained between b, c and its projected parts up to the free fluid surface. So this is an imaginary volume of fluid right and what will be the direction of the vertical component of force acting on it upwards or downwards. How do you make it out? Just see that if you have b, c like this you will have the pressure acting on it in this way its vertical component will be upwards. So it is such a distributed pressure over b, c. So look into the fundamental origin that will give you the guideline whether the resultant force is upwards or downwards on that part of the surface. Now when you consider these two together you can see the common part which is shaded once it has come downwards another it has come upwards. So they have cancelled out. So what remains is the fluid equivalent to the volume of half of the cylinder for this half part. So what is the vertical component of force acting on say a, b, c? It is nothing but the equivalent to the weight of the volume of half of this cylinder weight of what? Weight of the fluid equivalent to the volume of the half of the cylinder. So that means as if it has displaced a fluid equivalent to its volume and that is exerting it and up thrust. So this is nothing but the Archimedes principle that you have learnt in high school physics. So in effect what is happening what when the solid is being immersed in a fluid it tends to displace a volume of fluid which is equivalent to the volume which is immersed and that tends to exert an up thrust net up thrust and that up thrust is nothing but same as the weight of the displaced volume of fluid by that particular volume of solid. Now if you come to cd, so for cd how you calculate the force vertical component of the force. So you extend it up to the free surface. So for this part the free surface is up to the level shown. So it is nothing but the volume of this much. So is it upwards or downwards? It is upwards. So if you have the pressure acting in this way its vertical component will be upwards. So the resultant is upwards with what magnitude if r is the radius of this cylinder. So what is the volume corresponding to the left part that is pi r square by 2 into say l where l is the length of the cylinder then this part is pi r square by 4 into l. This is the volume that multiplied by the density of the fluid not density of the cylinder but density of the fluid into g and acting upwards. So this is the resultant vertical component of force. How can you calculate that what is the location through which the resultant of this force passes. So it will definitely be passing through the centroid of the displaced volume and then it boils down to the calculation of the displaced centroid of the displaced volume. We are not going into that you can do it by simple statics. How do you calculate the horizontal component of force. So again you have something in the left and something in the right. So when you have this ABC on ABC what is the horizontal component of force let us say that is FH1 just following this symbol and on CD there is a horizontal component of force say that is FH2. So FH1 is what? What is its projected area on which you are considering that because this is now equivalent to force on a plane surface. So 2r is the height and l is the length. So its projection on the side view is 2r is its height because 2r is the height of the cylinder and l is its length perpendicular to the plane of the figure. So if you recall what is the resultant force rho of the fluid G into a what is a 2r into l that is the equivalent projected area into hc. What is hc? hc is just r. So when you say hc hc is the length is the location of the centroid of the projected area not the curved area. So it is the location of the centroid of the projected area from the free surface. So that is FH1 is it towards right or left? It is towards right because again you can see that its horizontal component is towards right. So this is towards right and then on CD what is FH? First of all it is acting towards left its horizontal component. So we put a minus sign again rho G what is the projected area into r into l into r by 2 which is the location of the centroid of the projected area vertical location from the free surface. And so this is FH1-FH2 that is FH. Hence you can calculate what is the resultant. So these are 2 individual components you can find out the resultant by vector addition. So that is trivial. Let us consider a second example. Let us say that you have a curved gate instead of a plain gate you have a curved gate and there is fluid on one side of it say you have fluid on this side. There is a free surface of the fluid given by this and this fluid tries to exert some force on this curved surface and there is some balancer. So there is some external force which is applied here to keep it in equilibrium. And the location of this external force is given by this H and the depth to which this fluid is filled up is D. So why such problems are practically important? Let us look into may be one or two practical cases to see that why such effects are important. So we will look into some example application so it is a if you clearly see this is like a dam. So there are forces which are exerted by water and these force components are like these are quite heavy or large forces huge forces which are acting and the structure must be strong enough to sustain it and it is very common and to save us from floods or other calamities. There are many occasions where there are reservoirs in which these water supplies are stored. So until and unless the rainfall is very very severe it retains its height. But once it once the rainfall is so strong it cannot retain its height so some of the water has to be released and when the water is not released it is under static condition and it has to be calculated on the basis of fluid statics condition the resultant forces and the situation of equilibrium. Of course when it is when the water is very very dynamic then you do not consider the fluid statics but you consider even the dynamic effect of water as it is impinging on the surface. So you can see the shape of the so called dam it is it is not really a plain surface but it is a curved surface it is like arch type. There are fluids on different at different ends and it is important to calculate that what is the resultant force that is there. So that is the motivation behind solving such a problem that it gives you a clue of how to design may be dams or swiss gates where across which you have different fluid elements which are exerting forces. So here on one side you have some fluid element as say water on other side say there is atmosphere. So on the right side there is water in this example and we want to calculate what is the resultant force. So what we will do we may solve this problem in again 2 ways. One is by looking into the horizontal and vertical components of forces according to the principle that we have just seen or may be just by direct integration of the forces on elements. So if we do that the second one is little bit may be easy to begin with. So let us say that we have considered a small element here at a location x, y. For idealization let us say that this curved surface when its projection is considered it has the equation x equal to ay cube which is the equation of this curve. So at the x, y if you consider a small element say of size dL then what is the resultant force due to pressure on this dL. First of all how do we specify this dL say at x, y we can consider a dL which is comprising of the resultant some displacement along x say dx and some displacement along y say dy. So dL may be written as good as square root of dx square plus dy square. So if you draw a magnified figure if this is dL it is like the sum of dx along x and dy along y. If this is a small part of the curve this is approximately the tangent to the curve at that point at that x, y and so you can consider that this angle theta designates the slope of the curve local slope of the curve at that point where it is aligned the dL is aligned with the tangent to the curve at x, y. So we know what is dL if you know what is the width of the fluid or what is the width of the gate say w is the width of the gate then w into dL is the area on which the fluid pressure is acting. So what will be the direction of action of the fluid pressure it is acting in this way normal to the surface. So that we will have 2 components one is the horizontal component another is the vertical component. So how do you calculate the horizontal component and the vertical component? First of all what is the force because of this it is p into dL into w where p is the pressure at x, y. So how it is related to the depth of the depth capital D? So how can you write express p in terms of the depth capital D? Yes, rho g into so the height of this is d-y from the free surface. This is the resultant force but if we break it up into components that is what is our objective and we should break it up into components because we cannot just integrate it like this because the direction of such force on each element is changing. So we cannot just algebraically or scalerly add. We should take out extract individual components and then add up the components. So when we take the horizontal component what is the horizontal component because of this? Yes. So this is the resultant force. So the dL makes theta with the horizontal. So normal to the dL should make an angle theta with the vertical. So the horizontal force is p dL w into sin theta. Now if you look into this figure dL sin theta is nothing but dy. So p into w into dy. So this let us call this as dFh because it is just on a differentially small area. So rho g w d-y dy. How can you calculate the vertical component of the force? So calculating horizontal component straight forward you just integrate it. So when you integrate it let us try to write the complete expression. I will leave the integral on you but at least let us write the complete expression. So Fh is integral of dFh. What should be the limits over which you integrate? y equal to 0 to y equal to d. Something very interesting it shows as if this is independent of the function of the graph x equal to ay cube. It does not matter what is x and intuitively it is supposed to be that way because when you take the projection of the surface in the side plane does not matter how it is curved because the projection will always be straight. So you just require to know the extent of the depth and you can verify that this will be nothing but the projection on the surface which is basically a surface projected on a vertical plane and the same horizontal component of force will come out with that exercise. What about the vertical component of the force? So dFv what should be the vertical component of the force? So it is P dlw cos theta. So rho g d-y into w what is dl cos theta dx. So now you may express either x in terms of y or y in terms of x. The function is given and if you integrate you will be getting the total vertical force. So fv is so dx you can write as say 3 ay square dy and you can now take the limit from y equal to 0 to y equal to d. We will not go into the integration in details because it is a very simple integration and it is not worth to waste time just on that but we will focus on something which is bit more important that is let us say that we want to find out the same vertical component of force but using the method of the weight of the fluid that is contained within that projected volume. One way to see that whether it is correct or not is that if we find out that weight and we come up with an expression it should be same as this one. So that you can of course find out the weight and check that the expression and then is same as what you get out of this integral but even before that how you qualitatively assess it. So what was our method? You project from the corners vertical lines which meet the free surface or its extended form. So one line projected here another it becomes a point and it should be the shaded volume of fluid. If I were in your place the first question that would have come to my mind is there is no fluid here. So how can you claim that this shaded volume of fluid will give you the or weight of this shaded volume of fluid will give you the vertical component. So just think in this way. Let us say that this is a curved surface and let us consider that there is volume of fluid one on this side another on this side. If that was the case then you can see that in a static condition it is naturally in equilibrium because whatever is the force due to pressure from one side the same is the force due to pressure on the other side. So the 2 sides are keeping it in equilibrium. Now when you do not have a fluid here that means that this part is like minus it is subtracted. So it is a condition equivalent to a deviation from equilibrium because of a lack of presence of this rather than the real presence of this. So the deviation from equilibrium is because of this equivalent volume of element which is in the upper part. So if you calculate that volume of fluid and find the corresponding weight of that you will see that you will get it exactly the same as this one. And you can clearly tell that what should be the direction of force acting on vertical component of force acting on this. Upwards or downwards? Upwards because the vertical component of this one is like upwards I mean directed in this way. So it is not apparently the vertical component of this shaded volume of fluid because it will appear that if there is a volume of fluid here its weight should act downwards. You have to remember it is an imaginary volume of fluid and it is just giving you the equivalent volume that needs to be employed for calculation of the vertical component of force. The exact sense of the force has to be determined from the physical meaning of this type that is so if you subtract the kind of volume like this it is as good as extra upward force because something is missing some weight is missing from the top. Otherwise also from the direction of pressure itself it will follow. So either way whenever you are calculating either by the fundamental method of finding force components or individual elements summing the vector summing them up that means summing up scalar forms in terms of the x and the y or the horizontal and the vertical components or finding out the vertical and the horizontal components by the alternative method that we have seen whatever is it you must ascertain the correct sense from the physical condition and that will not always be dictated by the rule base. It will come from the consideration of where is the volume of fluid that is present is exerting the force and what is the sense of that force when it is exerting a pressure on the element. So that consideration should give you the proper sense of the vertical component of the force. Now we have considered forces on or force components on plane and curved surfaces. We have seen that there are some simple ways by which we can evaluate this force components. Now what we have assumed is that when the surface is put in the fluid the surface is in equilibrium and that equilibrium is not disturbed. But if there is a slight tilt because of whatever reason then that equilibrium may be disturbed and if that equilibrium is disturbed what will happen we have to understand. So we have to now go through the concept of stability of floating and submerged bodies. Let us say that first we consider submerged bodies. So submerged body is something which is completely immersed in the fluid and floating means a part is at the top I mean above the free surface and the part is below the free surface. So let us take an example. Let us say that we have this kind of a body looks like a parachute type. The top is light and the bottom is heavy because of some added mass. Initially it is completely submerged and the resultant forces whatever are acting on this you may write in terms of the buoyancy force and the weight. So the buoyancy force will be acting on acting through some point and the weight will be acting through some point. So the buoyancy force is based on the volume which is submerged not the mass. So when you consider the volume that is submerged the greater portion of the volume is at the top. So maybe the resultant buoyancy force acts through this but the mass is more concentrated towards the bottom. So the weight maybe is more concentrated or the resultant force due to the weight distribution is passing through the point which is g or the center of gravity that is located somewhat below and the resultant buoyancy force is now acting through some point b. So what is the point b? So b is the so called center of buoyancy that means whatever is the location of the centroid of the displaced volume. So it is fully a geometrical concept whereas when you have g this is this depends on the distribution of mass over the body. So this is something where for equilibrium you have fb equal to w it is in equilibrium. Now let us say that you have slightly tilted it. So when you have slightly tilted it it has a deformed not deformed but deflected configuration like this. So its axis has got tilted from the original vertical one maybe because of some disturbance. Now the entire body is within the fluid therefore the location of the center of buoyancy and center of gravity relative to the body does not change because the entire body is within the fluid itself. So if you have say this as g this still remains as g if you have this as b this still remains as b because it is already totally within the fluid. So its volume distribution within the fluid its mass distribution everything it does not change.  Only thing what has now changed is that no more fb and w are collinear. So when they are not collinear they will still be equal and opposite forces but not passing along the same line. So it will create a couple moment. So what will that couple moment try to do? So if you see the sense of this couple moment what it will try to do? So the weight so it will try to create a rotation like this which is shown in the figure. If you look into the senses of the forces and this rotation what it will try to do? It will try to bring it back to its original position or configuration. So we call it a restoring moment. On the other hand if g was above b then this would have been downwards and this would have been upwards and that would have tried to increase the angular displacement even further. So what is the hallmark of a stability? Stable equilibrium that is if you have a slight displacement it will try to come back or be restored to its original configuration. So this type of situation ensures that it tends to come back to its original configuration. However if g was above b it would have tried to increase the angular displacement even further not restoring but helping the disturbance. So in that way it will be unstable equilibrium. What would be the situation if b and g are coincident somehow? So wherever it is there still it will be a collinear situation. Let us say you have somehow an arrangement where you have this as b, this as the same point is g. So this is b, this is as good as g. So whatever is the weight and the buoyancy they are always acting along the same line no matter whether it is tilted or not. So wherever it is tilted it will locally attain equilibrium and that equilibrium is known as neutral equilibrium. So the stability of submerged bodies, the equilibrium condition depends on the relative location of b with respect to g. So what we can summarize from this? If b is above g what it will imply? It will imply stable equilibrium. If b is below g it is unstable equilibrium and if b coincides with g that is neutral equilibrium. So far so good but we have to remember that submerged bodies are not the only types of bodies that we need to consider. Many practical examples are cases of floating bodies like ships. So a part is within the fluid and a part is outside the fluid. So what will be the situation for that? Let us take an example. Let us consider a floating body. So when you consider a floating body let us see that how is it different first from a submerged body. So let us say that this is the free surface of the fluid. This is the body which is floating something like a boat shape or similar to that. If you consider it is intersection with the free surface of the fluid that is the sectional view of the intersection with the fluid. Let us say that it is something like this. So this part that we have drawn is like this one whatever we have drawn that plane is like this. Now this we are assuming that this is having an axis of symmetry. Say this is the axis of symmetry. Now let us say that this is tilted. Let us see what happens when this is tilted. We will assume that it is tilted very slightly because when we test the stability we just give a small displacement and see how it responds to the small disturbance. So we just tilt it like this and it comes to this configuration. So whatever was the line of interface before now say that line of interface as with relative to the body whatever was the line say a b now say it becomes a prime b prime. If it is symmetrical with respect to the axis over which it tilts you will see that one interesting thing has happened. What is that interesting thing? Some new part has gone down into the fluid. Some new part has come up and if it is very symmetric these two parts are of same volume. So the volume that was earlier immersed is still the same but the distribution of the volume has changed. So once the distribution of volume has changed what has happened? The centre of buoyancy has changed. So there is no sanctity with respect to the location of the centre of buoyancy that is very very important. So for the submerged body when you have the location of the centre of buoyancy relative to the body it does not change. Whereas when you have a floating body depending on its tilted configuration there will be an extent of dominance of one side of the body relative to its immersed condition with respect to the other and accordingly there will be a bias there will be a preferred side across which the centre of buoyancy will be moving. So the centre of buoyancy cannot be one of the fixed parameters with respect to which we may decide whether it will be stable or not that is the first thing. So the stability criteria for submerged body will not work. So whenever we are trying to learn something new we have to understand that why are we trying to learn it afresh. I mean if the same criteria for submerged body would have worked we would have not gone into this exercise. So first we are getting that motivation that how or where is the difference. The difference again I sum up is like this the centre of buoyancy location is now not fixed with respect to the body but it goes on evolving as the body is tilting. So let us say that the centre of buoyancy now comes to this position say CB centre of buoyancy. We expect that it will be coming towards this direction because it is now more tilted towards the right. So more part of the body is now into the fluid towards the right. So you have the centre of buoyancy in this way. So you have the resultant buoyancy force like this. The centre of gravity is something which is fixed with reference to the body that does not change. So if the centre of gravity earlier was say related to the body here let us say that the centre of gravity is still here. So the weight of the body is like this. So now again you can see that there is a couple moment and whether it is restoring or helping it depends on that whether it is if it is extended where it will meet the axis. If it meets down of this one then it is one way if it meets above g it is the other way. So where it meets the axis that point is known as metacenter. So in our next class we will see that what is the consequence of this metacenter and how the location of the metacenter will dictate the stability under this condition. So it is not the centre of buoyancy that is important here but the location of the metacenter relative to the body is what is going to decide whether the body should be stable or not for a floating body that we will take up in the next class. Thank you.


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