At Audiology Associates of Prestonsburg, you can live your life the way you want and find the freedom of better hearing. You'll experience patient care that is specific to you with exceptional follow-up care that ensures your hearing and balance needs are being met. Audiology Associates at 1428 Northlake Drive in Prestonsburg. As Healthy Long Month comes to a close, we spoke to the Pike County Health Department Director, Tammy Riley, on what Kentuckians can do to not only improve their lungs, but their overall health. Over the last 10 years, we've gone from 34% to now, we're down to 29% adult smokers in this county. So we're seeing some improvement. And from a public health perspective, we provide a robust tobacco education program in our community education department. There's a lot of grant dollars and taxpayer dollars that go into educating the community about having healthy lungs and healthy behaviors related to healthy lungs. As Kentucky has the second highest smoking rate in the country, Pike County has made it their mission to offer programs to help smokers quit and prevent future generations from picking up the habit. We offer and this is at no cost to Pike County residents. We offer the American Lung Association's Freedom from Smoking program right here at the Health Department. We offer at no cost to participants, make a team replacement products, group support. We can offer that virtually when necessary. We also offer a, the only one of its kind. It's an American Lung Associated Approved U tobacco cessation program. It's called NOT, N-O-T, not on tobacco. And we work with the school systems with that program too to try to reinforce their smoke-free tobacco policies. For more information on the smoking cessation programs offered, visit Pike County Health Department on Facebook. For Mountain Top News, I'm Brianna Robinson.


I wish I had more insight. I guess Daniel Eck is saying something that he knows I want to give him the benefit of the doubt but there is also that Erring on the side of he just might be pleasing investors like you just stated you know. He was also quizzed on after the report and he got an interview with Music Ally and they quizzed him on the new artist fundraising pick so I'm not sure if you're aware obviously last month we talked about they're going to add in this like donation tipping feature and it's now available instead of the artist's like track pick you can choose on your Spotify for artists to have an artist fundraising pick where you can put a link to a charity or a link to your cash app or PayPal and he was asked whether this is going to stick around because that's the big thing everyone's wondering is it going to be taken out again once this crisis is over and he seemed to indicate that nothing's set in stone but the feedback has been very positive over 50,000 artists have used it so far so he was saying there's certainly no reason to take it out. Yeah sort of question is like is this opportunistic or is this a true add-on in featuring when I look at it what I thought was brilliant about that story was actually from the cash app angle honestly and how they're incentivizing artists with that extra hundred dollars. Yeah for the first there's a million dollars isn't there and then everyone well the funds you use cash app get the hundred dollar bonus if they get donations yeah like that that's the viral loop and how you want to build additional uh you know user universe when it comes to uh platforms I love the fact that cash app is doing that just from a business standpoint I think obviously it's going to work because why wouldn't people go ahead and get that extra hundred dollars banks do that all the time too right open an account you get extra 200 dollars if you jump through all these hoops for six months but um I think I think that's really cool when it comes to the fundraising feature though in general I actually kind of didn't understand it it just felt like fluff. Well I'm not a fan of it um I think I think um other platforms are doing it better so the example for Spotify you've given you a choice obviously you can either choose links to a charity or you can put your cash up or PayPal in this is presenting artists with like a difficult dilemma here because obviously naturally the bigger artists are going to plump for the charity you know to help raise my own support and obviously fans are going to look upon that very favoringly if you're an independent artist you've got this like dilemma whether you want to you know how you want to present yourself to your fans because obviously a lot of fans probably think you've got a lot more money than you actually do and they actually might really need this money but might feel pressured into giving charity instead on on the page so this is very becomes a very big dilemma for them like a little guilt tripping whereas other platforms like TikTok has just got straight up just got a charity donation feature so you choose a charity and then money goes to them there's no like because you can already get money for tipping live on that platform so I've done it right it's given you a charity way and SoundCloud's support button feature lets you choose a link during complete control that could be a charity that could be you know PayPal or cash out but that could also just be a link to your website to sell your merch or to bandcamp you got a lot more control with SoundCloud and my TikTok has already bested both worlds but Spotify's given you this very difficult problem about how you want to present yourself and your fans so I don't think it's been handled the best way well that's why I was wondering like why was why did I even add it I wasn't familiar to everybody else added it so maybe okay now we want to keep keep up with the wave of what everybody else is doing of course there's a lot of copycat but at the end of the day I don't get that yeah that's not the artist responsibility like they could because you could very well say through your own tipping feature you could say I'm going to donate all this to charity you have to be a charity specific feature so that is weird but at the end but why would we expect Spotify to do anything else right they something like this you look at TikTok and all the other platforms they're doing what you said where it's kind of the onus is on them to to set up the system and handle that Spotify is repeatedly when it benefited them put all the onus on the artist where it seems like we're doing something good but it really is giving all the work for the good to them like they get the good of hey we brought this feature here there's yeah we're done right and now the work is on the artist so like that's that's just how the platform has moved for the last five years it seems like at least but Daniel like obviously admitted they rushed this feature out so they need to get it out because everyone else was sort of like doing it or thinking about doing it and they just need to have something in place so they're responding to the crisis but the way it's structured you know you can either choose like go fund me or straight to Spotify's COVID-19 project or you put PayPal or cash out there's such few like options and I didn't realize so then you can get in bed with their specific project too exactly yes it's all carefully it's all carefully planned yeah yeah this is this is so rushed we didn't even think about it which is a nice scapegoat for it being done well the accusations like what we we're talking about right now why this this kind of lends towards your own political connects or reasoning or whatever you're doing so yep we can always lean on well we just rushed this we didn't really think it through because um Bobby Ozinski did an article for Forbes saying that he hopes that you know it doesn't put out as under too much pressure and that fans may look upon them you know for the altruistic reasons you should you know give you know give to charities instead but some fans may look upon it unfavorably to be asking for money for artists so you just got a hope of the balances there but yeah that's the reason for fan education man like we need these fans to understand that artists really don't make money like that but even more so we need these artists to like quit parading around as if they have more and not being afraid to say we only have this much right now yeah they shouldn't feel guilty for asking for it on there and this is what this kind of adoption of it could indicate that they might like it's not the best way to handle things yeah I think somebody at some point will be more open about it actually fair fair enough Cardi B was pretty open about that and even when she wasn't in a rut because sometimes people will come more open about those things when they're in a rut but I remember a year or two ago Cardi was explaining how she puts her own money up for for the show she was doing and she was paying 300k for this and like her outfit maintenance caused this and she was just putting that out there but she she's she's kind of a a rare bird where it doesn't seem like she hides much or it allows any of those errors to come on to her to back back but I think if a few more artists really start to do that and just make it clear fans will know hey I'm gonna support my artists that much more that much more now if there's a way to do that without bringing the record label side of things now because then they'll be even better because obviously I think a lot of fans would be they would be shocked disgusted surprised if they really knew right what the splits and what they're where their money went when it comes to them thinking they give they're giving to an artist in most cases hmm and especially so to give more information on the tiktok one obviously you can already get tipped via live streams like directly as a creator so they've chosen to focus purely on you know raising money for you know certain organizations for these donation stickers so use the hashtag double your impact so if you if you're a creator you can put a sticker on your story and you can choose which um you as a creator choose where it goes to so at the moment you can go to cdc foundation james beer foundation meals on wheels musiccares um national pta the actors fund there's a few more as well so you get to choose where it goes to out of those and you'll see click the button and obviously choose how much you want to donate tiktok's going to match that donation as well up until may 27th whatever you put in tiktok will also put in I think just a much smarter way of doing it then yeah you can essentially market it as an influencer where it sounds like you can really put multiple out there and bring attention to multiple versus having to choose one and have a a specific space where it belongs for a given amount of time am I hearing that correctly yeah each video could be different you could choose a different one for that but you you get to choose where your donation goes to on that particular video not the not the user yeah I like that I like that and honestly giving and all those types of things are so trendy on tiktok and we have this one campaign that I had to do with the australia fires right and we start the australia fires I was were actually still going on but it had been a news story for maybe it's a few weeks or whatever and not only were they still going on yes they were at the tail end when the fires are over there's damage that's there right the users on tiktok a lot of these kids they're like I don't really want to do this because you know that's kind of old news it's the trend is over no one they didn't they weren't able to associate the fact that yeah this thing created damage it's not over just because it's not being spoken about right it's this is something that um it needs money raised for for some time and it's going to be happening for some time so they haven't a detachment from that but on the inverse of that is they really go hard in those scarce windows yeah both of the trend right and make it cool and it makes them look good they're very without knowing it they're very uh aware of pr also i'll say that like for their own profiles it's the mat work


Mr. President, you are very welcome. Thank you so much, and to see you, looking good. Thank you for coming. Thank you so much. Mr. President, you just mentioned his message to you, depending on the territorial integrity of Ukraine, and we are supporting him. Also, it's important that all of us on that level, of course, didn't work during the deficit, so it's also an important agenda that's present. Thank you for promoting, and we are also supporting Mr. President. Thank you so much.


You need a financial advisor with the freedom to focus on your specific needs. Whatever your goals, Reeve Potter can create a game plan tailored to you. Call Reeve at 432-0777 at Pikeville, Kentucky to learn more. After devastating flooding that swept through eastern Kentucky, many resources have been allocated to the affected communities. While many have seen an outpouring of donations and volunteer organizations, the McRoberts community has yet to receive outside assistance with cleanup. There is devastation through this whole area, but McRoberts from the head of it to the mouth, there is more people that have been disrupted than might be anywhere in the county. I'm not sure, but you drive them down through here even today, this far after the first day. We still have those same elderly people digging themselves out. We've got all the volunteers down in Neon that are not doing anything, not helping the actual people that needs help. It's really heartbreaking when the resources is here, but they're being used in wrong ways. Unfortunately, thank the good Lord, we've not lost any life, but that could change because of stress level, everybody's stressed. But our elderly, we have some of you that I'm worried about, just because they need help, they need the volunteers. As a result of the flooding, both bridges exiting McRoberts were lost, leaving the community stranded. Several community members came together and repaired one of the fallen bridges, providing an exit for the community. We were basically trapped in here, and five, six, maybe a few more got together, went down to Fleming where they were really doing a power plant. And they basically confiscated the excavator and some culverts and come there within three or four hours. The community people here, it wasn't county, it wasn't state, it was the community people right here that got us a way in and out of here. And if it hadn't been for those guys, I think we'd still be sitting stuck. Those in McRoberts who are not affected by the flooding have collected donations, but the need for volunteers is immense. Nobody, I mean, from the county, from the state, nobody coming in here to check on these people, just concern. I mean, just welfare, nobody is coming here. Other than community people here, you know, we try to take care of each other and outside help has been non-existent. I mean, other than the volunteers, I mean, people bringing stuff in, yes, that's been greatly appreciated in that. But as far as volunteer boots on the ground, McRoberts has seen none of that.  And we could greatly use all the boots on the ground that we could get. If you would like to volunteer in the McRoberts area, text TIM SEALS at<PHONE_NUMBER>. For information on all flood relief resources, visit governor.ky.gov backslash flood-resources. For Mountain Top News, I'm Brianna Robinson.


Everybody forced here ripping two boxes of 2022 tops gilded collection baseball hobby for Thomas J Let's go Thomas. Let's see what you got man. There might be more that I missed. I guess we'll see Yeah, I gilded so much fun All right, first up is a hobby or by as mini diamonds numbered 45 out of 50 Gold edge Ozzie Smith number 28 of 99 Eloi M&S chrome auto 18 of 50 in the Eloi and Colton welker rookie raywave Number to 25 10 to 25 on the ray wave welker. Let's see that framed auto And it is a Greg Maddox 70 to 30 Hall of Fame framed autograph Nice card Thomas solid box there see if we can get a monster for you in the second one What what break doesn't We have a break schedule if you need to look at it Seth beer rookie 94 99 diamond backs and we started Yeah, breaks start at 10 a.m. Eastern tomorrow. That's when breaks start Seth beer Got a gold edge could tell Marte number 27 of 99 Chasmanian devil rookie auto number 27 of 50 Yeah chainsaw devil as Sam called him check it out Super Fractor one-of-one autograph Jose a braille Thomas Every day full of supercrackers.  God, that's awesome rookie gold mini diamond read Detmer's as well number 24 of 50 Solid Detmer's there framed autograph is a Ryan Sandberg 24 of 50 Thank You Thomas big congrats Happy for you man. Look at this out to you


We'll have a moment of silence, and then we'll move to the mother's question for the medical station and through all of it. You can start. So, yesterday at Ponte Litvist, I gave a talk, a brief talk on the harmony of art and science in Sri Aurobindo and Subramaniya Bharati. I will give an expanded version of that talk now, essentially. It is about how we can use Sri Aurobindo's and Magagavis-Bramaniya Bharati's poetries to create a harmony between science and art and use it in the educational system for our children. Should I be stopping, or can I continue? Now, it was in 1959. Nine years after the Maga Samati of Maga Yogishtri Aurobindo, a book appeared in the West. The title of the book was The Two Cultures and Scientific Revolution. It was written by C.P. Snow, who was a scientist as well as a man of letters, a novelist. The essence of the book is that the scientific tradition and the literary tradition, they are not having any kind of interaction. They are not having any kind of harmony and hence the society in which science is becoming more and more important is itself becoming somewhat defunct, dysfunctional and disharmonious. Later, he brought out a second edition. In that second edition, he told that there was a third culture coming up. This was in the early 1960s, the second edition came. The second edition, C.P. Snow said that a third culture is coming up in which there is actually an exchange between an interaction between scientific tradition and the literary tradition. And he also pointed out that there is a strong resistance to this from, and he was surprised, from the so-called liberal establishment. They didn't like this actually, that scientific tradition and the literary tradition are coming together and he was actually surprised. Now, my contention is that, decades before C.P. Snow, in the poetry of Maga Yogishtri Arabindo and in the poetry of Subramanya Bharati, this third culture was already there. Unfortunately, when the West worked forward towards this third culture in the form of basically science fiction and also dynamic art, when they were doing all those things, in the case of India, despite the fact that we have these treasures, we have not used them, we have underutilized them, sometimes we have squandered them. So, this talk is essentially about how to look at the art and science harmony in the poetic works of Sri Arabindo and Subramanya Bharati. But for that, I have to give a historical context. What is that historical context? See, in the 19th century, when it was all starting, the dominant paradigm was that of the Newtonian physics. The Newtonian physics provided a world view in which this entire universe was a clockwork mechanism. Naturally, when you have a clockwork mechanism, you will always have a watchmaker. And so, they had this natural theology, what they called a natural theology, which meant you study life to understand the mechanisms that have been put forth into it by the creator. So, they were looking, for example, if you are studying a leaf and you are going to study how the chlorophyll works, if you are studying the eye and if you are going to study how the retina works, then you will always see it in terms of design, a design that has been put into it by an extra cosmic creator. In 1859, a book came. Name of the book was The Origin of Species, returned by Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin did not discover evolution. Charles Darwin put forth a very tangible, viable process. He discovered that process, that process was natural selection. And all of a sudden, evolution had always been there. Remember, evolution had always been there in the West as a fringe concept. It was a speculative concept. Even Erasmus Darwin, who was the grandfather of Charles Darwin, he had written a poem on evolution. But they were all in the realm of speculations. For the first time, Charles Darwin showed how evolution could happen. More importantly, he showed that the species can change, they can split into new species. We have to remember one thing. If you go to Google and you do a Google image search for evolution, you will find something.  Then you have the Neanderthal, then you have the Chromagnome. At last, you will have a white cocasside male, the top of evolution, that is the ladder. That particular view of evolution is wrong. Darwin never said that we came from the apes. Darwin said that we are a branch of the ape family. Humanity is nothing but a branch of the grand pylogenetic tree that is the tree of life. That is what Darwin said. That is what, if he had just said about an evolution and that evolution that was a ladder in which the white cocasside male was at the top, actually the western establishment, the western religion, western theology would not have had a problem. Here, Darwin suggested just like how the heliocentric theory removed humanity from the imagined center of the solar system, not even the universe, the solar system. The same way Darwin removed the humanity, its egoistic position from the permit of life, he changed the permit of life into tree of life and that was the greatest shock. They were not ready to accept that, so they invented something called social Darwinism. It sounded very scientific. So in social Darwinism, what they were doing, they were telling that competition, they just changed the focus to competition. They said that the survival of the fittest, by the way, Darwin's original species does not have the words survival of the fittest. It belonged to another one philosopher, Herbert Spencer and it is actually a no meaning term, survival of the fittest, whatever survives is the fittest. So how do you exactly define survival of the fittest? Darwin considered the survival of the fittest is that which adapts itself. So they created this social Darwinism, which is actually a kind of status co-ideology to justify imperialism, colonialism, racism and all those kind of things. But Ben Charles Darwin said that we are part of the pylogentric tree and that we can branch further. We are a branch, the branch can go on and branch further. He was putting forth essentially a non-dualistic worldview. Darwin, after his discovery of, after his return from the HMAS Beagle trip, he took 20 years to sit and work on the data and he was writing notes and writing notes and writing notes. And in one of those notes, it's very interesting, it was dated 1838. He talks about the oneness of life which manifests itself in manifold manifestations. So he says that there is one life, one basic principle that manifests itself in different ways. Now what the western scientists, even those who appreciated Darwin, are able to understand it? No. It was understood by an Indian scientist, Jagadish Chandra Bose. What did Jagadish Chandra Bose do? He discovered that life is a continuity, it cannot be divided into categories. And this continuity, he included also the inanimate objects. So what you call inanimate objects, what you call animate objects, what you call plants, what you call animals, they all have the same strand deeply running inside them. He was able to show them in his instruments, in the form of graphs. When he presented this in 1902, the West was not ready to accept this. This guy is basically a physicist. What does he have to do with the physiology? That was their reaction, but J.C. Bose persisted. Who was the one who supported J.C. Bose when he wanted to form an institution of science? It was Bhagini Nivedita. Nivedita supported J.C. Bose. From this point, we come to the actual subject that we are going to talk about. And it was Sister Nivedita who called Sri Aurobindo from Baroda to Bengal to lead the freedom struggle. And it was Sister Nivedita who later facilitated Sri Aurobindo coming to Pondicherry. It was Sister Nivedita who talked, interacted with Subramanya Bharati, made him open his eyes to the problems around him. Subramanya Bharati dedicated his collection of poems to Sister Nivedita and addressed her as his Guru. So Sister Nivedita is a basic connection between Subramanya Bharati, Sri Aurobindo and science. Then we come to Sri Aurobindo coming to Pondicherry. So when Sri Aurobindo comes to Pondicherry and he studies the Tamil literature here, the devotional literature here. It's a very interesting thing. And whom he studied? He studied the Alvar poetry. Alvar poetry forms the basis of the Sri Vaishnava Visishta Dvaita. Visishta Dvaita is Visesha Dvaita. So he studied Visishta Dvaita's basis, not Visishta Dvaita. The core raw material that from which, the core from which Visishta Dvaita came and that was Nammalvar's poetry. So Sri Aurobindo studies Nammalvar's devotional mystic poetry. And he says in his work that there are five things that characterize Nammalvar's poetry. One is that it is pure and passionless reason. The second thing is about, it is about direct perception of truth in the highest solar realm. The third thing about, the third important feature of Nammalvar's poetry Sri Aurobindo identifies is that there is a vision of the beauty of God. Then there is love, ecstasic love towards that beauty of God. And fifth, victorious union with the divine. Now if you look at it carefully, the first two, the pure, passionless reason and direct perception of truth in the highest realm, solar realm, they two belong to what we can characterize as Jnana. Then the devotion, the love, sorry, the love and the vision of beauty, that two belong to Bhakti.  This is how Sri Aurobindo characterizes Nammalvar's poetic discourse. Now Nammalvar's poetry is very important for this commonizing of science and art. Again another interesting aspect is Nammalvar was born in Tirunelveli district, the same district from where Subramanya Bharati comes. Nammalvar's poetry, I will give you an example. So it is in Tamil. Now let me give the translation. There are five Tanmatras, five basic elements, Tanmatras, which we call them as Panchabhutas. Of this you can touch and feel the land. You can drink the water and you can have a physical interaction with the water. You can breathe the air, you can have physical interaction with the air. You can touch the fire, you can burn yourself, you can have the physical interaction with fire, you can feel it's warmth. All these you can have direct physical interaction, concrete physical interaction. But what about the space, the Agasha? You cannot have direct physical interaction in the ancient Indian system of philosophy. Those who took materialist stand like Charu Akash, they denied the existence of Agasha because we couldn't touch it, we couldn't feel it, it is not concrete. And Nammalvar starts it by telling Thirudavism essentially it means concrete space. So he gives this objective of being concrete to space which always those who are only tuned to direct physical perception deny. So he is talking about higher reality, he tells that. That is one aspect here in these three lines I quoted. The second that forms, in fact that changed, I would say that line changed the discourse of entire India. The entire history of India was changed by that line. What was that line? Udall misai weerana. Like the life falls inside the body, Vishnu is permeating the entire existence. Like the life falls in a concealed way, that is the exact words, like the life falls in a concealed way he permeates the entire existence. So here he is saying that in all the physical bodies, in all the animate, inanimate matter, in all matter throughout the universe Vishnu exists as the Antaryami. When we tell that Vishnu is the Antaryami, we essentially mean that he is Antaryami within a living being, particularly human being, we are very comfortable with that. But what he is saying is that he is the Antaryami of the entire universe which also means the other way the entire universe is his body. The whole universe becomes holy. That is why when a book falls down, we show reverence. When you look at this, only in India that happens, right? We worship our inanimate tools. Why that happens? Because we understand that the inanimate object also has life. And this poetry forms the basis of vizishta-dvaita of Sri Ramanuja. In fact, Sri Ramanuja loved so much Namaharva. If you go to Vaishnavaita temples, just a minute, just one minute, how much time we have? We have some time now. I can go, right, some one hour. So, if you go to Vaishnavaita temples in Tamil Nadu, you will remember that a chadari is put on your head. You would have seen that.  If you look at it, there will be the feet of the Lord there. Why it is called chadari is because Namaharva is also called Sadagoban. And this is actually the chadari, the feet of Lord represents Sadagoban Namaharva himself. In his place, in his original hometown, in Tirunelveli, in that Vishnu temple, there is also a temple for Namaharva. Sri Ramanuja comes and visits the temple. And he says there should be a chadari for Namaharva also. That should be called a Ramanuja. So, the feet of the Lord is Namaharva. The feet, the holy feet of Namaharva is Ramanuja. That is the kind of love Sri Ramanuja had for Namaharva. And the Visishtradvaita essentially represents this. That the entire universe is the body of Vishnu. And Vishnu exists as the life throughout the universe. That is Visishtradvaita. And from this Sri Ramanuja's Visishtradvaita was Bhakti movement born. From Bhakti movement, the entire resistance to invasions that happened in North India was created. Whether it is the Kalsa, whether it is the Maratha movement, whether it is the Rajput movement, go inside it, you will find the Kalsa movement would have its roots in the poetry of Kabir. It is in the Maratha, Bhakti movement that from Dukaram and Samatha Ramadas, Shivaji came. You can see that Sri Ramanuja, from Sri Ramanuja, Ramananda, from Ramananda, Kabir, Kabir and Guru Nanak and the complete Bhakti movement has its start in this particular line in this small village in South India. And it was Namaharva's poetry that directly Sri Aravindu started working on and he said these five defining features of Namaharva. Now look at, let us take to one poetry of Sri Aravindu. I do not have the poetry right now with me. I will tell specific lines from it and I will talk about it. The poetry called Electron. In that particular poetry, it was written, if I am right, on 15 July 1938. He was talking about the electron being a burning chariot in which Shiva writes. It was the one in which he uses the word as the particle of God in which the worlds and the universes were built. He talks about all that. Then he tells a very interesting thing that it is the abode of eternity. It is the temple of time's eternity, he says, about the electron. That is a very interesting statement. Because as we know, electron, we can relate it to matter, building of the matter. We can relate it to even building of the universe and building of the worlds. That is all fine. Why bring in time into this? We all know about the double-slit experiment. I would not go into that. The double-slit experiment gave us a very important notion about matter at the very fundamental basis of matter. Observation and consciousness exist. What we say is that this is Mishra Prabhancha. It is not just matter and from the matter consciousness arises. It is essentially a mixture of consciousness and matter. Matter again can be divided into the material component, configuration and processes. Again, the material component inside it also can be again divided into three. This is how the entire world is. Up to that, it is very clear. But there is another one aspect to this. There was a very great physicist called John Wheeler, John Occubal Wheeler, who brought out this concept of participatory universe. He created a mind experiment. The mind experiment is something like this from a quasar somewhere. An electron or a photon is coming to the earth. Billions of light years away. This particular thing exists. From there, an electron or a photon comes. A small particle comes. In between the earth and this billions of light years away quasar, there exists a dense galaxy or a black hole. It exists. Because of that, it forms what is called a gravitational lens. When a gravitational lens is formed like that, the electrons or the particular particle photon, they come like this. The electron comes. There is a lens. In an analyte, it comes like this and it goes like this. So, where they again come and unite, these two things, where they come and unite, their path trajectory would be lost. Quantum mechanics' basic idea is that if the path history is lost and you are taking a measurement, then it will create an interference pattern, meaning that it travelled as a wave. If you know the path and you are taking a measurement, then it will show itself as particles. Now, if you take a measurement, when the path is already defined, where you take a measurement, then it means that particular thing has travelled as a particle from its source. If you are taking a measurement when the path history is lost, there it shows in a very physical way that it has travelled as wave. All these billions of years, it has travelled as wave. All these billions of years, it has travelled as a particle based on the measurement you take, which actually means an event that is going to happen in the future affects the way the particle travels either as a particle, either that minute electron or a photon travels either as a particle or as a wave. That means the future affects the past. The future affects the past. It is the past affects the future. That is okay. The time flows like this. But here the future affects the past. How is that possible? Well, if you know how is that possible, then you can get a Nobel Prize for India. You can get a Nobel Prize for Auroville, actually. Point is still it was a mind experiment. In 1999, they actually created a small experimental setup and they tested it in this lab. It was called delayed choice quantum eraser experiment. And they got the same results that when the path history was known, you have interference pattern. When the path history was not known, you have, sorry, when the path history was not known, you were having bans. So this particular thing baffled people. It is really something very, very interesting in GUE because the future can affect the past, the particle level. And now you read that particular line of Sri Aurobindo. Sri Aurobindo doesn't know about quantum mechanics. In fact, it was, this poetry was written in 1938. It was in 1927. The slow wave, fifth slow wave physics conference, very famous conference happened well. And Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein clashed and Albert Einstein said that he criticized quantum theory and he said that God doesn't play dice with the universe. And then Niels Bohr got irritated and answered Albert Einstein. But he stopped telling God what to do and what not to do. In fact, it's a very interesting thing because if you go to Ellora, you have a very beautiful statue of a sculpture of Shiva and Parvati. What was Shiva doing? Playing dice. So when Einstein said God doesn't play dice with the universe, India has long before proclaimed God does play dice with the universe. Later Stephen Hawking made another one interesting remark. He said God not only plays dice with the universe, he throws dice where you cannot find them. Then by that he meant the black holes. Anyway, the point here is, here is a line from Sri Aurobindo that foresees this particular aspect of electron. Though Sri Aurobindo doesn't know anything about quantum mechanics. He definitely doesn't know anything about the quantum eraser experiment. He doesn't know about the particular thought experiment that Vila constructed because Vila constructed it in 1970s, 20 years after Sri Aurobindo's Mahasamadhi. How was this possible? See, the point is... Of course, Sri Aurobindo, see, he didn't... What I'm saying is... No, I'm coming to another point here. I'm coming to another point here. The point I'm coming to is... Regarding... I have been an observer of things that have been happening here. There is... I always insist this. In this particular poem of Sri Aurobindo itself, a wonderful statement he makes, a wonderful word he uses, he says, onenesses. Not oneness, onenesses. So, why he should mention onenesses in plural? Why not oneness in singular? Because even in Advaita, you have different forms of Advaita. So, variety of perceptions is part and parcel of the human condition. In variety is part and parcel of the divine plan. Now, we can have differences. We can have different takes on a particular way in which we approach a particular problem. But fundamentally, we cannot resort to violence of any kind, whether it is physical violence or whether it is psychological violence or that is my first aspect to approach this particular problem. My second point is that we are here to serve the divine. We are here to make sure that the vision rectifies itself. And for that, we have to understand what actually mother and Sri Aurobindo intended. And they have given a time table. There is a particular goal that we have to achieve. And how do we reach that goal? We reach those goals through what I would call, it is called Silden Crisis. Silden Crisis is because a very similar situation is there in a science fiction universe written by Isaac Asimov called the Foundation, in which the crisis has become the springboard to jump to the next level. And when a crisis comes actually, that means we are moving in the right direction. If no crisis is coming, then particularly a city like Auroville that has to go to the next level, it does not happen. The crisis is an indicator that we are moving in the right direction. The only problem that we have is how to work out our differences. And for that, there is something called Samanvaya. This civilization has created a process called Samanvaya. The west has created a process called dialectics, where you have the thesis, you have the antithesis, they both clash and then you go to the synthesis. In the case of Samanvaya, what we do is we reach out to the core of the opponent or the person who is standing against you, the core. And we make a strong assumption that that core is divine. It is from that understanding, not assumption, that is the wrong word. We proceed from that understanding that that particular core is divine. So we have to construct a dialogue with that core, not with the exterior, not with the egoistic, not with the vitalistic, not with the emotional aspects, that core aspect. Anybody who has come to our will, we do believe that they have come with a good intention of being a willing servant of the divine. But then there are a lot of challenges. And when those challenges come, we have to make sure we have to face them, we have to face them head on. But before facing them head on, we have to remember in our mind that they are not actually enemies. They are on the opposite side. Within them there is this core divinity. And we have to establish a dialogue with that core divinity. How we are going to do that? That is up to us. We have to work out that modalities. But the point is there are no enemies here. There are no enemies here. We are fighting with forces, but there are no enemies. Let me tell you it from the Puranic language. In the Puranic language you have asuras. But if you look at each and every Puran, there is a very interesting thing that you have only here in India perhaps. In everywhere else there is this evil, there is the good thing, there is the evil side, the good side wins over, the evil side matters over. But here once the good side wins over the asuric forces, when they win over the asuric forces, the divine wins over the asuric forces, what happens is that the asuric form dissolves and a very beautiful divine thing comes out of it and tells that I have been under the cloak of a curse in this asuric form but now I have achieved my real nature. Now what we have to do is help the person who is on the other side of the fence reach that divine nature. Perhaps the person on the other side of the fence may be thinking that we have to reach the same divine nature but then that is a common purpose, that is a common purpose. On that common purpose we need to have, I believe, the dialogue with the individuals, with the individuals. In an informal way we need to reach out. They may boycott us, they may even be disrespectful to us and again I believe that violence is the last resort of the incompetent, whether it is psychological violence. If that person shows psychological violence, you are reaching out to that person. That person shows that no, no, I won't talk to you because I am going to boycott you. I am not going to speak to you. You belong to a evil side. Because he is saying like that, that point we can be sure that we are on the right side because you are reaching out and he or she is not able to have a dialogue with you.  Let us have dialogues. Let us not boycott each other. Let us not move away from each other. Let us sit together and let us talk. And let us remember that the core is divine in each one of us and our purpose in its core is also divine because we are here and that is the way I think we have to move forward. And when we are doing that already we have delayed and when we are delaying, we are not delaying or will. We are delaying actually a planetary evolution. So we should not become guilty in the face of the planet. The face of the future. Now the security madam is here. Gov'ning board members are here. New Gov'ning board members are here. Aurovillians are here. The opposing group is here. The supporting group is here. But after 50 years, after 100 years, all these will be gone. This will be an important chapter. How our grandchildren are going to read about it? How our austerity is going to read about it? How, what kind of value judgments they will pass on us? What they will tell? Would they tell that we have betrayed the dreams of mother and sri Aurobindo? Or would they tell that we have actually catalyzed and we have moved in the proper direction? So we have to look at that also. From the points of view of the posterity, how they will tell, how they will judge us. So this is how I visualize the whole thing. And hence, I approach this. There is a famous statement. It says, hasten cautiously. So I want to hasten the process of creating the, achieving the dream, not dream, the vision of mother in a very cautious way, in a holistic way. Taking, bringing in all the people to the dialogue table. That is very important. We have to do that. Let us take again a lesson from Sri Krishna. Draupadi has been disrobed. She has been humiliated in public.  And who was Draupadi? Krishna's own sister. Krishna had such a great love for Draupadi. But despite that fact, Krishna went again and again and again and again on peace missions. Again and again and again on peace missions. He wanted to avoid Kurukshetra by all means. If Kurukshetra, let us think of an alternate scenario where Kurukshetra has been avoided. Duryodhana would have lived. Tuchasana would have lived. Draupadi would never have, would have had justice. Her hair would have remained untied. His own sister, beloved sister, Krishna would have done an injustice to his own sister then. Despite that, Krishna made very sincere attempts for peace. But it failed. Kurukshetra happened. But we have to make that. We have to make sure that we make very sincere attempts for peace. So, you see, what actually Krishna asked, Krishna asked, ultimately he asked, gave us five villages. Not the entire thing, five villages. He was ready to go for that also. So, let us even make overtures, generous overtures and see what happens. If the other side is not Gauravas, then they will come. If they are Gauravas, then Kurukshetra will happen. Either way, it is good. But we have to make sure that we have, we are opening up to the other side with real hall. Wholeheartedly, we have to open up to them. But at the same time, we have to be clear in what we want to achieve. And there, we have to be absolutely clear. So, that is how I think we have to approach. And let me tell you another one aspect. When I was a teenager, India was undergoing a turmoil, big turmoil. There was terrorism and Punjab, terrorism in Kashmir, terrorism in the Northeast. It was not like today. It was very, very serious. We didn't even know whether we are going to live our adulthood in United India or we are going to live in a separate land. We didn't even know that. That was how it was. At that time, Swami Tanganandanda Maharaja of Ramakrishna Mission, he gave an interview in Duddarshan. At that time, only Duddarshan was there. He gave an interview. The interviewer, he asked Swami Tanganandanda Maharaja, what do you think about all this terrorism? Then we all expected, because I was a teenager and I wanted to wipe out the terrorists and save India. That is the kind of thing that you have as a teenager, patriotic thing. Then I was listening to this interview and Swami Tanganandanda Maharaja said one thing. What is positive about the terrorism is that the youngsters in India, they still believe in ideals. The youngsters in India, they are ready to risk their lives for the idols. There is a lot of energy. Their ideals are wrong. Their methodologies are wrong. Their paths are wrong. But they have energy and they have selflessness. That is the wonderful thing he said. That has to be channelized in positive ways. So, if there is no energy, then I would be really worried about the whole nation. But this shows that there is energy with the youth. We have to use it. The same thing I would apply. I want to apply it here and I don't want to tell anyone as terrorist. Nobody is a terrorist here. But there is a lot of energy. That energy we have to go. We have to tap it and we have to make sure that it is channelized in a very positive way to catalyze mother's dreams and visions. That is how I see forward. So, we can... Is time is there?


Hello and welcome to this session. In this session, we will discuss how to solve quadratic inequality in one variable. I will repeat it. Now our quadratic function is a second degree polynomial given by f of x is equal to ax square plus bx plus c where a, b and c are constants and a is not equal to 0. Now there are four types of quadratic inequalities in one variable. First is ax square plus bx plus c is greater than 0. Second is ax square plus bx plus c is less than 0. Third is ax square plus bx plus c is greater than equal to 0. And fourth is ax square plus bx plus c is less than equal to 0. Now to solve every one of the types of the given inequalities algebraically, we follow three steps. In step one, we write the related equation of the given inequality. That means we replace inequality sign by equality sign. Now for these four types, the related equation will be ax square plus bx plus c is equal to 0. Now in step two, we find the critical values of x by solving the related quadratic equation by using factorization or discriminant rule. Now these critical values are the roots of the given quadratic equation. Thus we find the values of x known as critical values. These values will give us the intervals in which the solution of the quadratic inequality will exist. Now in step three, we plot the critical values on the number line and the two points will divide the number line in three regions. Now this blue shaded portion of the number line is one region. This yellow shaded portion of the number line is the second region and this pink shaded portion of the number line is the third region. So the two points will divide the number line in three regions and these three regions will give us three intervals. Then in step four, we test the values from these intervals which satisfy the given inequality and the inequality is true for that value. The interval which satisfies the given inequality will be the solution set of the quadratic inequality. Now in step five, we write the solution set of the given quadratic inequality and solution set can comprise more than one interval also. Now let us discuss an example. Here we have to solve this quadratic inequality that is we have to solve 3 of square minus 16x plus 5 is less than equal to 0. Now let us start with the solution. In step one, we write its related equation and it will be 3x square minus 16x plus 5 is equal to 0 Now in step two, we will solve this equation. For critical values, now we have 3x square minus 16x plus 5 is equal to 0. Now let us factorize it by splitting the middle term. So this implies 3x square minus 15x minus x plus 5 is equal to 0. This further implies, now from these two terms 3x is common so it will be 3x into x minus 5 is equal to 1 and from these two terms taking minus 1 common it will be minus 1 into x minus 5 is equal to 0. Further this implies x minus 5 is equal to 3x minus 1 the whole is equal to 0. So we get x is equal to 5 and x is equal to 1 upon 3. Now we have obtained the critical values. Now in step three, we will plot the obtained critical values on the other line. Now this is the point 1 upon 3 and this is the point 5. So we have plotted the critical values on the other line. Now here since in the given inequality the sign is less than equal to so here we are represented these points by dark dots which shows that we have also included the points x is equal to 1 upon 3 and x is equal to 5. Now here we can see that the points x is equal to 1 upon 3 and x is equal to 5. Divide the number line in three parts. Now this yellow shaded portion of the number line is the first part and in this first part we have the interval x is less than 1 upon 3 then this blue shaded portion is the second part and in the second part we have the interval 1 upon 3 is less than x is less than 5 and this pink shaded portion of this number line represents the third part and in this third part we have the interval x is greater than 5 now in third part we test the values first of all let us take this first interval that is x is less than 1 upon 3 now let us take every point in this interval so let us take x is equal to 0 that lies in this interval now if x is equal to 0 in the interval inequality so we have 3 into 0 square minus 16 into 0 plus 5 is less than equal to 0 which implies 3 into 0 is 0 minus 16 into 0 is 0 plus 5 is less than equal to 0 and this implies 5 is less than equal to 0 which is false as 5 is greater than 0 so this interval is not the solution set after given inequality now let us see the second interval that is 1 upon 3 is less than x is less than 5 now let us take any point in this interval so let x is equal to 1 now we put x is equal to 1 in the given inequality so we have 3 into 1 square minus 16 into 1 plus 5 is less than equal to 0 and this implies now 1 square is 1 and 3 into 1 is 3 minus 16 into 1 is 16 plus 5 is less than equal to 0 which implies now 5 plus 3 is 8 and 8 minus 16 is minus 8 is less than equal to 0 which is true so this interval is the solution set of the given inequality now let us consider the last interval that is x is greater than 5 now let us take any value lying in this interval so let x is equal to 6 now we put x is equal to 6 in the given inequality so we have 3 into 6 square minus 16 into 6 plus 5 is less than equal to 0 which implies now 6 square is 36 and 36 into 3 is 108 minus 16 into 6 is 96 plus 5 is less than equal to 0 further this implies now 108 plus 5 is 113 minus 96 is 17 is less than equal to 0 which is false as 17 is greater than 0 so this interval is not the solution set of the given inequality thus we have only one solution set that is 1 by 3 is less than x is less than 5 now the values x is equal to 1 upon 3 and x is equal to 5 also satisfy the given inequality thus the solution set is 1 upon 3 is less than equal to x is less than equal to 5 or we can say the solution set is the closed interval 1 upon 3 to 5 also you must note that when we have strict inequalities that is when we have sign off greater than or less than then we do not include the critical values in the solution set so in this session we have discussed how to solve quadratic inequality in one variable algebraically and this completes our session hope you all have enjoyed this session


and that we're small. It is important and it does count. And it matters and if we can have conversation about it, we will figure it out one day. And we'll just find a balance, yeah.  Well, I will tell you that the building, this building starts on the 50th floor for the apartments. So I only get to my apartment from the elevator and it shoots up really quickly. It's hardly everybody on the elevators because it starts at 50. And there's only two floors before that which is like the gym and then one other level. So I've never taken the stairs all the way down. Now, you give me an idea for something to do one day. They don't time myself and see how long it takes me to run downstairs from 16 to the bottom. I've never done it. Do I know where the stairwell is? Yes, guess what? It's right next to my apartment. So I know where it is. I know how to get there. I'm aware of it. And I could run down there. One day I heard smoke. I smelled smoke. I smelled smoke in the hallway. You're not supposed to smoke, actually. You wouldn't be kicked out of the apartment if you smoked, but I smelled smoke. And thinking fire, okay, not that so much smoking and never thinking immediately fire because it's the same concept whether it's fire or bomb or terrorism. How are you going to get out? Okay. So I went here. I caught somebody smoking in the stairwell. I said, you know what? You're not allowed to do this. I called the concerts immediately. It came up because what if a fire was started? Exactly. It's a safety hazard. And then I'm worried about getting out. The fire is in the stairwell. How am I getting out the elevator? And then the electricity goes off and there's no lights and you need electricity to run for the elevator to run, too. So the bottom line is that I'm aware of the fact that I live this high up. Again, I'm not scared because I'm safe within myself, but I know where the exit is. I know how to get out. And I should climb it. It's actually interesting that you said that I should find myself to get out. I don't think I ever got to live on this high. But now that I do because I just love it, it's amazing. Yeah, it is. And I get up every morning and I see this and I see a lady bed. So you get to a point where you're saying, again, am I safe? Yes, I am safe. And I live in a country that I feel safe and I live in a town that I feel safe and I trust the building that I live in that we're taking care of. Thanks for needing to feel safe. You know, you could go live in an island with no one. There's no reason for anyone to harm you or go there or bomb the island alone and something can happen unpredictable that you don't know about. You can't predict every single solitary thing that's going to happen in the future. And I think that's the challenge. Everyone's trying to figure out what's the next thing that's going to happen. Is anything else going to happen? Is something else going to happen? What's it going to happen? Is it going to happen soon? Or is it not going to happen for a while? Or where is it going to happen? Is it going to happen here? Is it going to happen in Russia? Is it going to happen in France? Do you know what I'm saying? And so this is the thing. Everyone's trying to outwit outsmart the next person where something's going to happen. Well, how do you ever enjoy your life? Right.  It used to be more peaceful. Well, I think that, again, being aware of your surroundings, where you're just not aware of it before, is being aware that you're less relaxed. I think we've got to get to the point that we're relaxed and aware. I know that sounds like I catch 22, but I think we've got to get to the point where we can sustain moving forward in the world and be comfortable and relaxed and still aware. The idea of not being aware is not thoughtful or responsible. And yet, yeah, you don't want to be, like, unedged, like 24-7, like... Yeah, we're fast. Just having nervous breakdown. Yeah, exactly. Yeah. So, tell me about what you do. Like, where did you go to school and how you went from there?  You used to train, now you're in training, so what's that all about? Oh, yes. Well, I went to any of those colleges in Pennsylvania. It's a lovely liberal arts school. And I studied philosophy, which is actually nothing to do with what I do now, but I loved it. And I thought I wanted to go to law school. And so that's the reason that I got this philosophy. And I also mined in Latin political science. Again, all great combination for law. And then after four years of school, I thought, I should not have wanted to go to school, keep going to school. So I decided not to. So then I got into finance, then I got into banking. And I started out as a teller and, you know, I would cash your check and then I was a customer service person and I opened up your account. And then all of a sudden I was doing loans and I was doing great loans. And then I became an assistant manager and a manager at a bank branch and I was very young. So I was managing people that were like, were the twice my age. And so that was very interesting. But I loved finance and I loved numbers. And I was doing loans. So then the president of the bank actually approached me and created a position for me to do nothing but loans, which didn't exist in the company, and then he would pay any commission on doing loans. So that would be loans, car loans, and stop-it loans for his everything.  And he was trying to convince me, well, let's see, he'll make more money. Well, he convinced me. I took the job. And then the rest is history. I ended up doing mortgages for that company when it left to a different place and then moved all around the United States in different places doing loans. And then, you know, the mortgage industry just changed. You know, we were just talking about the market and different sectors that are affected by different things. Well, when all the bank collapses happened, and the mortgage industry, companies were going out of business. Banks didn't want to lend it to people. You know, it didn't matter if you had this with a credit or that with a credit. Companies were going under and loans were going bad. And if you were doing it like I was doing it, I would get up in the bed in the morning, all of a sudden, oh, this place just closed down with us. You weren't even surprised. You're like, oh, this is interesting. And you didn't know all the stuff that was going on behind the scenes, but you knew that things are not good. As a person in the industry, when every company is going under, people don't want to lend money, and you're fighting with the banks on the phone, why don't you do what you lend to Mr. and Mrs. Smith? You know, they're perfect. And so, I saw the writing on the wall. And so when I saw the writing on the wall, I decided I needed to find another career. But I did keep doing mortgages for quite a few years while I taught myself how to trade, because when I started trading, I didn't know what I was doing. I didn't have a clue. You know, so I lost money at the beginning, but kept working. And then I ended up figuring it out. But it was a long process to figure out how to trade it. And then I did. And then my friends encouraged me to start a business and teach people what I know how to trade on gaps. Like we talked about with the gaps that happened in the airlines after 9-11. When something happens, dramatic. And that dramatic thing could be something gapping down or it could be something gapping up. Where you could get up in the morning, let's say you owned stock in Amazon and it gapped up on the airings. You get up in the morning and all of a sudden, you're holding this money. And the more money you're dreaming of, that can happen here. So, I'm just featuring. And every once in a while, I'll do an option in overnight. An option is something that has a fixed amount that you can only risk. It's not owning the stock shares outright, which is what happens sometimes when somebody owns a stock like the airlines and then they own it, and they're owned stock, and they own the shares, and then stock price drops in an event. And whenever I make a prediction, it's like right now, I make a prediction that the market will make another brand you often buy this year. I say, based on any world climate or world events, because you never know something could happen. Everything looks good. The market's rallying. We're in a bullish uptrend. Everything's fine. All of a sudden, something happens that no one can predict. There's a lot of things happening in the world right now that are like, anything could happen. Something's way over your web. So, the fact is, you've just got to put that out there for people. But I just focus on patronage. So, yeah. So, then I came back to New York and I figured that I came back to New York and I love what I do and I love the market and I don't trade all day. But now I could sit here with you if I had a regular job, I wouldn't be able to take the time to do it. So, I'm a paid trader. I trade in the morning. I run the trading room. People that did my class that I teach you class, you know, once a month on a weekend. And that's it. And it's nice because I get to enjoy all the things in New York that a person makes it worthwhile to live here. This is not something to live in a city. And if you live here, you want to be able to do stuff and get out. So, you were enjoying your life?  It was a hard work to get there as far as work and perseverance to get to this point. I think, you know, do I wish that I would have found the stock market in my early twenties right after college, of course, you know. But hindsight service 2020, you know, say, well, I should have wouldn't put it. I just thought that I found it, you know. And you have all the other experiences which is what you're experiencing. Yeah. This is a good experience. It's definitely good. The mortgage business gave me a lot of experience to deal with finance and awesome numbers, which I'm just really good at very quickly. And the interesting thing is teaching people how to trade. The biggest challenge people have is just basic arithmetic because a lot of us haven't been to school for years, a long, long time. And we're so used to having an anatomy and a calculator and everything else. We're not used to doing numbers in our head, but there's really just a lot of simple arithmetic sometimes you're figuring out share of sizes or something like that and taking a position to trade. A lot of people have to go back and kind of relearn those things. But I think trading is something that anyone can do from any walk of life if they want to take the time to learn how to do it. The thing is that a lot of people don't.  You won't even be like, I don't need that class. I'm just going to do what she says. You know what I'm saying? If that doesn't sustain you, if you want to do it for a living or if you want to make money, even investing in your 401k, retirement, that type of thing doesn't sustain you. You know what I'm saying? You know what I'm saying? Stop that. Like a hot tip from Melissa. You're smart.


And for my president, Olusegno Abasenjo has decried Nigeria's inability to leave up to expectations since it got independent 63 years ago. Chief Abasenjo stressed that the country had not only disappointed itself, but also Africa and the world. He spoke in his keynote address at a public presentation of a book titled Reclaiming the Jewel of Africa, written by former Minister of Industry, Trade and Investment and Minister of Finance Olusegno Aganga. Chief Abasenjo maintained that the beginning of charting a new cause for the country is to admit the failure of not putting round pegs in the round hole. The chairman of the independent national national national commissioners of the commission and the self-centeredness, ethnic and religious jingoism, plus gross misunderstanding of what development entails and how to move fast. On October 7, 1960, Nigeria was referred to as guiant in the sun. At that time, the expectation of Africa and the rest of the world was for Nigeria to be a guiant in the world. But over the past 63 years, we have not lived up to expectations. We have disappointed ourselves. We have disappointed Africa. We have disappointed the black race and we have disappointed the world. I would say that the book series resorts on developments and a pathway to progress, focusing on the solutions Nigeria needs in order to unleash its greatness for the good of our people. However, the representatives to President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, Mr. Wali Edwin, will spoke alongside the author of Lusheku Agunga, both expressed hope that it's never too late for Nigeria to reach its potential and concerted efforts. Hello, hope you enjoy the news and please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification bell for young people to learn shared experiences and what towards achieving common vision.


It's easy enough to see that intellectual humility is important and that the world needs a lot more of it But it may not be entirely clear what intellectual humility might be. In this lecture, Dr. Peter Samuelson and myself, Dr. Ian Church, will be asking the big question, what is intellectual humility and offering what are hopefully some helpful answers. Dr. Samuelson was the director of research and evaluation for the Thrive Foundation for Youth. He earned his PhD in educational psychology from Georgia State University in Atlanta, specializing in the moral development of children. And I'm a research fellow here at the Aden Center at the University of Edinburgh. I earned my PhD in philosophy in the St. Andrew Sterling joint program in philosophy, and I specialize in virtue epistemology. Dr. Samuelson and myself have authored a new book, Intellectual Humility, an Introduction to the Philosophy in Science.


Alright, I'll take it away. So, hi, I'm I'm Bridget. I'm a rising sophomore CS major and I'm interning here. And I'm also a CS major for writing senior. Unfortunately, plan won't be with us today but I just want to credit for all the charts he made and observable, especially finding what the popular tools. So a lot of the charges see would be made by him on a circle. First you can go over some of the goals for internship we have also main goal would be to determine the approximate cost on cloud based resource jobs. Just see how much resources are used and then compare that to how popular toys. So you'll give more picture of which galaxy tools are most popular. And then, like I said, some jobs as an upload are extremely popular, but consume very little resources. While others such as BWM and other high resource jobs, I use a lot of memory or CPU would use a lot of resources but are not used or not as common. So if you get some benchmarks those would be able to visualize and predict about how much each tool consume based on the results get from all the benchmarks. And that should give a good idea of the approximate cost per job, depending on the CPU and memory allocation. So the way that we go about collecting this benchmarking data is we've used three different cloud instances so Jetstream Google Cloud or GCP and Amazon or AWS. We collected several DNA and RNA data sets, both paradigm single reads to test a variety of data on a suite of tools. We used workflows to run these benchmark tests through tools, running these DNA and RNA data sets through tools like BWA, BWM, bow tie to high sat to string tie salmon and Calista. Because those seem to be relatively common tools that we would get some benefit from figuring out run times of. Lately we've been using bio blend to speed up this process on the different instances, because that allows us to run multiple workflow benchmarking tests at the same time, which is really nice. Victor you're muted. You're muted DNA data set benchmark of workflow. So what we'll do is we'll have an input which is a fast Q data set. And we'll combine it to each of the tools want to run. So in this case we have five tools. So we have both tied to BWM, either a high set to and string time. In this case, we decided to link string tie to high set to, because this would be the most consistent job. So never failed. And furthermore, what those work, the workflows, whether to grab ID, and then involved them, we could use that ID for the workflow, and then generate the benchmarks automatically for certain allocation for the RNA data sets. We had to have two inputs because salmon and Calista required a reference transcriptome. But otherwise, we're also testing bow tie to and BWM on that one and we linked string tied to bow tie to because again that one was the most consistent running tool in that workflow so we'd always get the string tied to run. So here is just a quick look at some of the data we have on this Google spreadsheet. Let's take a quick look right now. So we did at first is we just put all the data into this spreadsheet. So we'll have like the link to the job. And you also look for the job ID and the data sample, as well as the CP allocation like this. So we'll put them with the link here and then the test ID. In the future though we plan to move all of this to observable because it'll be much easier to look up all the data there. Because once you start having multiple runs so let's say like no three or four runs per instance, it's going to be a little bit cluster on the spreadsheet so be much nicer and also more compressed on observable so all the other day will be there as well. So it will go over some of the observable data we have, including some of the plots. So have her screen now. All right, so this is our observable dashboard. Dan has the main versions around his page and it's updated. So, these are some stacked area charts of historical data which pay one collected the data for and made these graphs so shout out pay one thank you. So we can look at which tool is represented by which area because of tool tips so they just pop up as you mouse over them. So as you can see upload is quite popular. So it's it's at the bottom and it has the most area. And then there are things like, I don't know there's there should be BWMM in here, probably more interesting in terms of resource consumption is total CPU time per month. So not that too is a large resource consumer, which is strange because it's deprecated, but also you can see BWMM and bow tie to another common tools like that that we're testing. These two are kind of what is green on that chart. I think that's RNA star. Yeah it is. Yeah. The average memory consumption per month by tool and average CPU time per month by tool or kind of not super readable for some reason but yeah. And then these are tables that go with those those stacked area charts so that you can look at the specific numbers and organize you know sort however you want. So here are some tables for comparisons a number of jobs versus number of users, number of jobs versus total CPU and number of jobs versus total memory. Now we get to some some new stuff that wasn't here on Tuesday. I just made these yesterday. So there's tables and plots for all three instances benchmarking data so far. So this is a filter bowl plot and a table below. Okay, so if you put in bow tie, you can see all the bow tie runs and you can also mouse over with tool tip and see, like more detailed information like the CPU count and the memory, and also the specific system runtime and real runtime. You can also look up like memory usage so for this one I think 50 would probably yeah. So for the 16 CPU and 50 mem, you can see all of the runs of all the tools with that resource setting on them. Nice, nicely enough because of graphing system runtime versus real runtime they seem to form lines. So even if you don't have a filter on you can kind of tell which resource tier. Yeah. So, yeah, and when you type in this bar it also filters the table so you can do two at the same time. We have the same. Yeah, so I want to unpack what you just said there so it makes these like lines and you said that corresponds to the configuration but the configuration of what what resources we were running on the cluster when we ran these benchmarking tests. But like the number of cores or the amount of RAM. Yeah. Is there an easy way to kind of say what those lines are just very quickly. Yeah, I'm it's it's just like kind of an interesting feature that happened when I grafted. Like that one specifically is that like the four core eight gig line. Yeah, this this one is right here. Yeah. And then what's the one above that should be nine and 28. Yeah, nine CPU 28 men. I see. And it's nine because I think it was a 10 core machine but you reserve one for for the GUI and other kind of scheduling test. Yeah, that's right. So what's interesting is like to compare it like the same dot so here like I mean it's still working progress but like the top right most dot is likely to be comparison of the same tool. So that one's four and eight runs whatever 9000 seconds and if you move over to the middle one top one it's going to be probably the same tool but you have more CPU so like that that's the that is linear that means the tool speed up is linear across the across the CPUs but again that's figure out more visualizations but that's the way to compare what the impact CPU configuration changes have on the runtime of a tool at this point. I see. But you could do the filtering you do bow tie and see all the bow tie runs. Yeah, yeah, but you want to compare the lines. Yeah, yeah. That's so cool. Thank you. And also there is. You can zoom in and out a little bit, because pay one and Dan and worked on that so I just, I use their, their pots down at the bottom here which I'll get to in a sec for a template so that helped a lot. Yeah, and we also have AWS and GCP. Same thing. You can filter them all so. And the hope is to overlay these at some point or at least make it so that we can have like them all in the same space and select to switch between them rather than scrolling so hopefully that I'll, you know, can implement that soon. Do you know if the, I guess processor architecture and clock speeds are comparable across GCP and jet stream and AWS. I don't know how to answer that. I would probably have to overlay that to see if the system runtime or, you know, comparable across all these platforms. Yeah. That'll be in the documentation to some degree of the respective providers but we have, we use the same machine class like memory. They have CPU heavy ones in the memory heavy ones and whatever so the same class across the providers but they have not looked at like the CPU specs for each other. Yeah. So just to wrap up, we we draw our all of our data from GitHub. So it just links right in so that's nice we don't have to upload any files. And here was the the testing of zooming down below and here's a scatterplot of the number jobs versus total memory and number jobs versus CPU time like the charts, the tables up above so yeah. And that's that's that's what we have on here so far we're planning on adding a table of contents for better navigation and like I said the the overlaying or the at least quickly switching between the instances benchmarking data charts so that should be coming soon. I think the plan I mean it's great that this is available but I think the plan is to sort of embed some of these figures onto Galaxy hook. Yeah. Yeah, eventually we will be incorporating all this into an API. So, well there's, you know, there's the API but then there's also just sort of making it easier to find rather than having to know to go to Dan and like private repo here. This is so cool. Thank you. Yeah, of course. All right I'm going to stop sharing my screen now so. There you go. So like we mentioned earlier, we're just going over the observable. That's on the graph. So hopefully in the future, one will be able to update and then also once you have more benchmarks on the same incident and on the same data set so multiple reruns will hopefully get an average system runtime, and then compare the plots for those across each and instead of each job. And hopefully you can see something. See if it's linear acceleration or not as I said, so we did have a few challenges. One of the main challenges was trying to get polyester to run. So polyester would be able to create synthetic RNA datasets to use. And a lot of those will be able to run those and that data sets on the tools to see if the results are any different from any of the real life RNA data. Also, one issue just resolved earlier, when he added a new node for GCP. So we now have 32 GB note. So we should be able to do the 29 GB. So we have two other resources on GCP. The main issue right now is having some issues with creating new histories or starting jobs. So hopefully that gets fixed soon. And then also having some issues with RNA star and arson, mainly due to memory allocation issues, as well as some Disney extra references to run. So hopefully we'll get polyester and also run all the third tools, as well as a high set to for RNA in short while as well. So like I mentioned earlier, with the help of Keith's bio blend scripts benchmarking is going, going forward on different instances if we decided to add more of them is going to be a lot faster. We have configuration files written for RNA and DNA data set benchmarking so we just modify those and run them. And it's a lot quicker. And one issue with this going forward though is the data set and workflow IDs change across cloud platforms. So Keith is currently making progress on identification by name instead of ID for bio blend so hopefully we'll be able to get that working if we before we add another instance to our benchmarking so that's exciting. And we're also aiming to extract names and data set type info from Galaxy for the observable plots and tables because as it stands right now we can't tell which dots are DNA or RNA or paired or unpaired or how many gigabytes of storage they take up. So we can't really drill down like which trials are which basically. So we're trying to get that information available in the charts. And then finally, the end goal of this is using this benchmarking data, we're trying to implement an API and hopefully incorporate it into the galaxy interface to provide access to cloud cost information. So, yep. Thank you are any questions. Yes, this API, what would it return. What's the, how would it work. So you would be able to select a job and then also maybe select the approximate data set size. Depending on the allocation of the CPU and memory, they'll be able to return approximate runtime, based off, you know, some of the benchmarks we're doing. So we'll be able to get a general idea of maybe like average system runtime, once we get those benchmarks down. And then we'll use that as a reference to give you the user approximate runtime for the job they're running. I mean, that's kind of a holy grail. So I can, I can share something as well that what we've been working on a bit. John, can you add me to the share list. I think everyone should be able to share. Oh, sorry. Victor, if you can, you gotta stop first. So this is what the sort of started talking about as a schema for what the API will return. So we have a list of tools that have been registered on here, and then the metrics that have been captured for the tool so it gives you the most significantly the number of CPUs memory and the runtimes along with the inputs that were used to derive that benchmark result. And then we have sort of a database of inputs that we tested with that's available as an endpoint. And then, or, sorry, those are for posting. These are for, yeah, so you can get a list of tools, the metrics for the tool, and then the inputs and so if one idea was that before you hit the execute button in Galaxy, you could have an estimate or give me some examples button next to it that you click would create this API and return an extrapolation of the available benchmarking data is combined with the data that the user has provided on the input form but that's way down the line. Yeah, I mean, I can post this in chat and if there are comments as to what this API might look like because it'd be great to have the consuming and using it as much as the building out and to begin with. So currently is all this just treating individual version of a tool as a separate entity. So, not able to necessarily versions. And is that the same for the metrics so fun, you know, they're like 10 different versions of the WA. We listed 10 different kinds. Yeah, I mean, as it stands, yeah, we didn't aggregate across the versions. I don't know whether we should have or not, but we didn't. Have you guys considered incorporating galactic radio telescope data so that in addition to benchmarks, you know, of just like sort of stock data sets, you can get a picture from all over, you know, random data and different configurations of servers and that kind of stuff. I mean, it's certainly an option but I mean this was, we had six weeks in the state of radio telescope was kind of in flux so plus it as you said it's it's random data as opposed to sort of control inputs. So yeah, I mean it's it's on the table certainly just with the timeline we had the radio telescope seem to be out of scope for the protection get info. Yeah, makes sense. I really, it's good because the past projects that have focused on this, we're using the that kind of data right like the existing ones I like the, the approach here of like, I mean if you're changing these variables intentionally there's more things you can sort of pull out of the data I think it would be really great if like, I know I know these summer projects are are short term and stuff it would be really one cool outcome might be just like a list of issues on some galaxy project galaxy on the on the board on the issue board just like, here are the things that we could do to sort of improve the API is make it easier to sort of do this next time. But yeah that documentation is really nice. I mean I guess in that day is there is other things that that that that galaxy framework or galaxy the UI or the API could do to sort of make this process easier. You might have some comments on there. I've talked to Keith. Yeah, yeah, there's that the issue with trying to determine the IDs of data sets when we move them across issues, but john and I have already been talking about that in getter and I had some ideas this morning. Still trying to determine if the problems I'm encountering or you know a problem in galaxy or problem with bio blend. So I'm just trying to see if I can pull the information straight out of the database to see what's in there. And I'll have some questions about that for john and getter probably later today. But otherwise, you know, like, it's only for the benchmarking, but being able to keep a consistent set of IDs across instances I know Nate has a trick where you set the secret to unknown variable or something and you I don't know how far that goes. So like I think the first data set you can predict I don't know if you can go further. But like if there was a way to like force same IDs of resources as you upload them. Yeah, I mean Kyle did some work around you you IDs I mean data sets have you you IDs I don't know if it's if it's useful in this context though and then the API is that can consume them are kind of sporadic. But if we could have like a consistent approach of using you IDs I think that was the idea there. So would those be the same across instances like if you. I mean how that uploaded them if you uploaded them with a specific you ID they would be right so if you scripted this out and I believe the upload. Let me think. Maybe I don't know. I'm thinking of hashes we could you can tell the upload to like hash the data set, but we can't do much with that in terms of searching after the fact. Yeah, I don't know. I think the upload tool lets you specify the you ID during upload I don't think it's in the GUI but look at that that's useful. And what is the back end for the API that you just showed will that be part of every galaxy instance or this would be an independent app that there's no back into this this is just a swagger spec and open API. Pay one is starting to look at implementing this in Django as a as an app so we run this somewhere right. I don't believe adding more features into the galaxy core base that are not related to galaxies the right architectural path forward and so I think the coupling things are is better and can update independently and such. I was just interested where what your what your vision was there, but I think we have the scripts in place now that we could, you know do this profiling of usage on main quite regularly right. You almost turn into a crown job that runs on once a week or once a month or whatever we want. Nice to monitor for abnormalities and like if infrastructure is not behaving as expected and also you have some kind of deviation from the average and see what things are running so they could paid in service stability testing, for example, to not just benchmarking. Yeah. Yeah, and I noticed there is that expansion on star. You know if you kind of squint at those charts you can see where you know coven was very popular and protein folding was very popular and R&C was very popular it's kind of fun to watch every time. I mean historic day like historic day. Yeah, that'd be that'd be that'd be great if we I mean I think overall if we could drive more of our development decisions based on user usage. It would really point us toward what people are doing as opposed to what we think. I think we can already do that because the fact that top hat is still there is disturbing. And it's clearly uses resources that we need elsewhere so get rid of top hat. Very clear message. Nate can we do that please. Yes, you tell me to remove it and it's gone. You just put more warning text at the top saying hey you probably don't want to use this. I don't know. I can also send it to things like stampede where it won't run for two days and then maybe people stop using but Yeah, how much data database massaging was necessary to generate these graphs for historic data. I mean, we pulled out the certain fields from predominant to the jobs table jobs in the metrics tables and selected the fields that did not include inputs, or, you know, they were also that that shrunk the size of those so I mean works reasonably fast, but I mean the queries are in in that usage metering repo on GitHub. I'm thinking to read me even so the queries that run for a while but other than that it was not not complicated. What I'm thinking is that if we can run these some queries which produce kind of de identified data regularly put it somewhere and then anyone can start observable pull this in and visualize there would be that sort of soil while reporting problems. Example, I mean, there was, there was an interest among public admins of re re resurrecting the telescope to do exactly that. So, you know, I kind of wonder if we should combine efforts on this. Because I think there is a lot of interest in doing that. I think that would be very wonderful because I mean the benchmarks that are done now are amazing and are very interesting. But it's you know a dozen tools out of what 10,000 or so, the only way we're going to have a broad analysis mining, you know the runs that are going on anyway. Okay, you know there are sensitivities around that so we got to do it in a very sort of transparent and sort of iterative approach so everyone's comfortable with. In the very least we should be talking to make sure that we're using the same fields, or what fields will be useful for the database. And then ultimately I mean here we're measuring runtime and so forth but in a cloud environment we're measuring dollars to. So, I think we're going to be the heroes of genomics if we can put a dollar amount on these popular pipelines because you know when you time 10,000 samples, you know starts to be real money on the table. And it'd be cool even at the end of running a workflow if it tells you how much would have spent. Yeah, I mean it could be fun that you know especially attack where it's all free be kind of fun to say had you done this at GCP this would of course you know whatever it's $15,000 attack would love that. I would be yeah that'd be amazing I'd love that as well. Especially if you could have like a running tab. People how much we're giving them. Because if you see one job, it's like a 12 to 12 cents or 12 cents or whatever. But if you see over the course of a month that you've consumed, you know, $500 or $1,000 or $5,000 worth of compute. That's an impactful resource. So once, once the internship is over how do we continue. Well, the great news is that they will express interest in carrying on avoided the lower engagement levels but Yeah, this is just the beginning. I'm wondering if the top four tools in terms of CPU usage have a GPU version available that we can utilize free up the CPU. I'm not aware of a good version of top that to a GPU but you know as we mentioned there are newer tools like high set that are basically dropping replacements and in order to faster.  If we could streamline the upload process if we could allow remote data and Jeremy keeps saying to be just linked, it would have a massive impact on me that's one out of every five jobs that runs on main is an upload job so focusing on solving that to make that seamless faster less resource intensive. I think the users will really appreciate. I think we have something similar really and like the personal histories where you can kind of drag the data sets into a new history. Is that what you mean by streamlining a little bit. So you could use some of the previously up to the data that you need to use. I like sharing it between users or sharing it across galaxy instances. If the, you know, if you go there's multiple of these so we're using use galaxy.org but there's.eu.au and many others. If those data sets were uploaded once and if users swap between instances they were able to reuse the data sets without having to re upload the data. And that's one secondly oftentimes and increasingly so, particularly the public data sets already live somewhere, not on the lab on the user's laptop. And so instead of having to go through the task of going to explicitly uploading waiting for that upload and running the metadata. If you could just say the file is in this S3 bucket. And then when the job runs, it downloads the file for the purposes of that particular job. But the upload step can be skipped altogether from the user perspective you don't have to wait that extra whatever 15 minutes an hour depending on the size and your bandwidth. And then in terms of user experience, just to throw it out an idea, if you could like drag and drop a file from your desktop onto the upload button and then it just magically brought it in it would probably save, you know, a gazillion clicks over time. There's some relatively simple things that can be done there. So you can already drag a file into the upload form box, but adding that action action to the button itself. You open the box, you just drag stuff. Okay, cool. Yeah, it was kind of interesting comment on the nature of genomics. You know, if one in five are uploads. And, you know, I mean there's a lot of caveats but around numbers most workflows are only like four or five steps long from a given data set. It's kind of interesting that it's relatively shallow. But I guess that's sort of compatible with my life experiences. Often it's kind of a few steps per day. Obviously there's exceptions and some go on very deep, but those are rare, relatively rare. I think this is also an indication why we need to focus on UI more because it's also probably your limitations that they just give up at some point. Maybe part of it but I just think just the state of the field is, you know, upload do some QC do a map do very call do some comparison done. I guess to also add the download rate of downloads because I mean the people just stop, or do they pull it out of galaxy and take it elsewhere is another question that can be asked and at that five point step. It's a good question. I just got an idea earlier, like, you know, sharing data across instances. Maybe if you could somehow have a way to get like two separate tabs on screen. And then one is like the maybe the regular instance and one is like a EU instance or something. I can maybe like drag the data set from the EU instance and then drag it across the tab into the regular instance, and somehow share the data that way. I'm not sure if it's possible. Yeah, I mean that the back end is the challenge there in how galaxies stores references to the data sets or metadata but yeah that that's the idea I think just implementation is the sticky point. All right. Awesome any other questions or comment points or anything just following up on another one. I think it might be possible because you know how each day as a link attached to it like in the history. And then you can actually copy that link and then on another instance and then upload it that way. So it might be possible like you know like that and so directly copying over just having the link copied over when you drag it over or something and then uploading it automatically. Yeah, I mean, yeah, there's a nuances there but yeah. You want the like metadata to be the same right so you if the user had selected a special extension for that file or something you wouldn't want to just sort of take the link and re imported you'd want to capture some of that metadata but I'm. I'm not sure how the API is on the client work for Greg and dropping between browsers but if we could sort of capture more of that metadata. Yeah, I mean that'd be very cool. All right. I guess we'll end the meeting a little bit early. Hi everyone. Thanks. Thanks for interns. I'm glad to hear you're sticking around that's great. Have a good school year. Thank you so much Victor and Bridget. Thank you. Thank you.


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