anytime I can go shopping at the drugstore and find new makeup, I'm in heaven. Let's get into all kinds of fun and new makeup that I have found recently at the drugstore. All right, so you know this is not necessarily just new makeup that's hit the market, it might be just new to me. So maybe some of you have seen these things before and if I talk about them and you know about them, make sure that you let me know in the comment section, yay or nay, whether or not you liked them, whether they worked for you or whatnot, but I love drugstore. You know that I'm the drugstore queen. I'm always wanting to find good makeup that is at affordable price and that is what this video is all about. I do have a couple that were really not good though, just so you know. At the very end I'll show you a couple that I'm really not liking. Let's get into a couple that Ms. Taty just very recently talked about. I'm kind of glad that Taty's back. I know that she's really controversial to everybody, but you know in the beginning she was just about the makeup and I feel like she might have just gotten back to that and I kind of really am enjoying the new videos. I don't want to start a controversy or anything about Taty because you know my channel is not about controversy. If you watch, you're great. If you don't, great. It's totally your preference. So Wet and Wild, she talked about this impossible primer base. This is silicone free, but it does it all it says. So I do feel like this is a very different primer than anything I've ever seen on the market before. In a silicone primer that's what usually feels in your pores and gives you more of a smooth look. And also it creates a really strong barrier between your makeup and your moisturizer. And that's what primer does. It helps that foundation stay on and not get, you know, sink into the skin. This does the same thing. It smooths the pores, helps your texture out, but it goes on almost like water. And I don't know how it does it. I don't know what it does, but it is a nice primer. It's hydrating, feels very hydrating, but it smooths out my texture and my makeup stays on longer with it. I don't know how it does it. And it is just such a strange texture. It comes out like a silicone. So it, and it actually just fell. Oh my goodness. Okay. It comes out looking like a silicone. Like it's, you know, I mean, I don't even know how to describe it. But as soon as you swipe it, it's sinking into your skin and it feels watery. I don't know what it does, how it does it, anything, but I like it because in the summer months, I feel like I get too heavy with my makeup, especially with hot flashes. I just, anybody that sweats, anybody that has hot flashes, that kind of thing, you feel like your makeup can be too much with this. I feel like it's just right. So I really am enjoying that. Weird. I don't know what it's all about, but really, I'm enjoying the impossible primer because I feel like they couldn't possibly do that with the primer unless they had silicone. Okay. I also picked this up from Physicians Formula from their Rose All Day. This is the set in Glow. Really surprised at this. Number one, surprise they called this right here, which is the big pan with the rose on it. So pretty, right? I'm surprised they called this a setting powder. This is not a setting powder. To me, this is a highlighter. It reminds me so much of the Essence Pure Nude highlighter because it does have that little bit of a light glow to it. Now, if this were mixed with a regular powder and pressed again and put in here, I feel like it would be a dupe for the Becca lighting powder, light shifter powder that I rave and rave and rave about because it does set your makeup. It has that same feel to it, but it has that lighting property to it that the Becca does, too. And it's not, I'm not like getting a ton up. Now, I feel like if you put a brush in there, you get more, but I don't feel like it gets real heavy, real easy, and it's not real cakey. So I have been enjoying that. Not as a setting powder, like I said again, just the top of the cheeks and I wear this, surprise, surprise, on top of my blush knot under it because it gives such a beautiful glow. Also, you know my trick about putting my powder underneath my foundation as a mature woman and helping so much. This is beautiful for that because if you have a very flat foundation, this helps give that little bit of a glow to it. Love that for it. And then this right here, this is the balm and it is very balmy. I'll tell you the honest truth. I use this a lot on my lips to make my lips come to life when I don't have any gloss around, but it does have that balm texture to it. So if you're somebody that doesn't like that, everybody's talking about the wet look on the face and how pretty that is because it looks like very dewy, very glowy skin and it's beautiful. That is just gorgeous. But if you don't like that tackiness on your skin, you'd rather have the powder than you're not going to like this, but I like it. I'm really enjoying it and I actually have another one on my cheeks right now that I can just go ahead and tap this across because even though I do have the other one on, this one kind of matches with it. But look, it's so pretty. It does give you a wet look to your skin, but at the same time, it just highlights with that wet or that balm instead of highlighting with any sort of powder. So it's really a very natural look for somebody that's a little bit older. I like the balm texture of these. I did it when I first tried it because I was like, this is like putting a lip gloss on my cheeks. And at first I was like, I ain't going to do that. And then as it went on and I had worn it a couple of times, I'm like, that is such a natural dewy look to my cheeks. So I really have been enjoying this one and I probably should tell you guys what the name of it is. Like I said, it's Set and Glow and this one is called Brightening Rose. So I think this is fun. Beautiful packaging. They always do have a nice packaging, but it has the two different compartments. And then you also have a mirror there, which is really nice. And then you have your puff. So that's really nice about it. Something else that I did try. And I really like these little six-pan palettes from Essence. I don't think there's very much product in here. There goes my glasses. But this is the taupe one. I really love this little palette. It's light enough for me. And I think that's what it is. So if you're somebody that has very deep skin, you might not like it, although you might like these lighter shadows on your lid. You might not like this as well, but I love these mats. These mats are so beautiful. Look at that. No streaking. Just glide. Oh my goodness. This I can make the prettiest taupe I look out of. And I'm going to hit on some of these other ones in the other colors because I do know that they have a bunch of other colors. And I just picked this one up because I wanted to see what the quality was before I went and got any others. I'm enjoying having smaller palettes in my collection lightly. It seems like having those smaller ones. I can just like take this. I do my makeup a lot in the car with my husband. So I can just like take this instead of taking a whole big palette and two brushes. And I feel like I'm done with my look and really like this. I do like the metallics in here as well. I don't feel like they show up any texture on my skin that is more mature. And it's got a nice little mirror in there. You can kind of see that plastic packaging. I like the packaging too on those. I don't know how they do it when other companies charge like what 30, 40 dollars for something like that. But I love me some drugstore and that's what happens. Okay. I am wearing and I did pick up this lip liner from Rimmel that I love in addiction.  I love the texture of these. They're super creamy. I love that they stay on all day long. I love that they give that definition. I was going to touch up my lips but I don't know if I can do that and talk at the same time. They give that beautiful definition to your lips. But this is so creamy and it has like an angle to it in the it's automatic which is a bonus too. But it's so pretty. And this color for me is so nice. I love the color. It goes with so many of my nudes.  It's so pretty. Addiction. It's gorgeous. And then I stopped at Walmart the other day and I had heard Mandy Lee talk about this liner a million times from Profusion. It's just called Wing It.  It makes, oh my goodness, you can make the most fine line. You guys know how my hand shakes. So I don't make a super straight line but look how tiny that line is. And it stays around and it's like $5 and it is better than any drugstore one that I have found so far. And I love drugstore and I have a few that are my Rider Die ones like the Alph one, the H201. I love. This is so good. It stays on. It creates the beautiful just really tight lining on my upper lashes that I love to do with black because I use a black mascara. Really am enjoying that one. Let me talk really quickly about my misses and then I'll round up with a couple of hits. So I got the Milani Most Loved Mats. I actually haven't even stuck my fingers in here because this was so disappointing to me compared to that little gold palette that they put out several years ago. This is all oranges and bright warm colors. And personally that other one, it had a range from very cool to neutral to warm colors and it was perfection. And this is not. And when I saw this on the website, I thought this is going to be great because they're going to try and, you know, duplicate what they did in that original palette. But no, this is all very warm. When I got it home, it was so many oranges and even the pinks I can tell are going to have that orange cast to them. They're going to be very based in orange or based in warm colors. And yeah, I'm not even going to even try that because I know for a fact that it will look so orange on my eyes and I will be just so disappointed in it. And then this one from LA Girl. I was really excited to get this. This is a tinted foundation. It says buildable natural finish. This one is not that great. And you guys know I love LA Girl. I do think that they're a great company. I think that all these companies are coming out with these tinted foundations because of what Fenty did. I do like Fenty's e-Strops. I think they're great. I have been using those just so you know, I will probably put those in another video. But this one doesn't build up and it doesn't have a great texture about it. And just a couple hours into it, I'm feeling like I'm needing to wipe my makeup off because it does look modeled and just did not appreciate this one. I feel like I had texture. I don't feel like it wore a long time on me. And I do feel like it did oxidize on me very quickly. So that one was a no go for me as well. Now let's just end on a very positive note. I got this blush from Shani Beauty on Amazon. It is partly what I'm wearing today. I did try another blush with it that was a powder. But I am in love with this texture. This is a very liquidy texture.  That one doesn't. And I thought I just put a drop out there. So I'm using this with a stipple brush right now. And I'm going in very light-handed. Like I will do this across my hand and then I'll put my brush into it so I'm not getting too much. Oh wow. This is so beautiful. And let me see if I can tell you what the color is. This says epic final. I don't know if that is the name of the actual blush from Shani. Wow. I am seriously in love with this blush. Drives down. It takes a while so you have some time to work with it. But you can buff it out or you can build it up. And yeah, look at what it's doing even over on my fingers over here. Love this stuff. I think it's great. It comes in like four or five colors, I think. So pretty. If you're looking for a really beautiful liquid blush that feels that it's kind of like a cream as far as its saturation, this is a great one. And then so I don't get that all over. I'm going to rub that off really quick. I'm going to end up with these. And this is another thing that Totti talked about on her video. But I had tried these in the past and I forgot how much I love the L'Oreal Infallible Pro Gloss. These are amazing. I have these on right now. I have had this gloss on for hours and hours. It really looks like a more of a just a sheen from a lipstick when you get them on. And I have two that are like toppers. So this is not going to change your lipstick very much. This one is called Suede. And it's got kind of a golden undertone to it. And you can kind of see as I shift my hand a little bit of a golden undertone there. And then this one is called Blush, I think. Hang on, let me make sure. Yes, it's called Blush. And it has the pink shift to it.  But when you first put it on, it's really shiny and really, you know, just very gloss like. But then it does this dry down thing and you have it on for hours. And I'm not kidding. If you didn't eat, I really think that you would have this on for close to six or eight hours. And the other thing is I can wear one of these to bed. That's actually what I've been doing to keep my lips really moisturized. And my lips will be moisturized in the morning if I don't, you know, smear it on my pillow or something. But it really is gorgeous. I love the texture of these.  I'm not a huge opaque gloss fan. But this is such a hybrid hybrid between a long wearing liquid lipstick that sticks around a long time and a gloss that I have to try the colors on this. So I'm in love with this. I think that it's something that if you're somebody that doesn't like gloss because it just goes away too quick, but you really want something that makes your lips look juicier because as we age, our lips seem to shrink. Glosses really catch the light and make your lip look a little bit bigger. So that's why I love a gloss. So if you're somebody that likes the idea behind a gloss, but you don't like how quickly it goes away, try these. They're quite amazing. I think they're very, very beautiful. And the fact that they stick around a long time really surprises me. Oh, and if you're somebody that also has glosses that bleed outside the lines, these don't because it's a little bit thicker and it does do this weird dry down thing without being dry. There's no other way to really explain it. It's not a dry lipstick, but it's a dry lipstick. So I don't even know how to explain it, but they're beautiful. And that is it for today's video. I hope that you did enjoy this. Please tell me in the comment section if you have recently seen anything in the drugstore on Amazon or what you feel is a great price point that I need to hear about and try out because I do love your recommendations and I go off them so much and then I get to bring them to everybody else, which is really fun. Thanks guys for spending a bit of your time with me. I love you so very much and I will catch each and every one of you in my next video. I hope. Take care. Bye my friends.


We're talking about morality, and we first need to identify what morality is and also what ethics is, because the two are intertwined. And the morality, as it states, is a code of values to guide man's choices and actions. Now, if we think about it logically, that implies that we've made a certain set of choices metaphysically and epistemologically first, which we'll then move into as well. They necessarily dictate the choices we'll make ethically and then politically as well. And ethics is essentially the process of learning what those values are and trying to set that code of values, what our morality is, and what we hold as valuable to our own lives. So you might think that primarily ethics deals with asking the question, what values are? What should those values be? But before that, that presupposes that there's an answer to the question of value to whom and why. And like I said, that draws on the earlier conflicts of existence versus non-existence and reason versus faith. So first then, why? Why does man need a code of values? Why does he need a moral compass to guide his life, to know what's good, what's evil? Is that arbitrary, or is it based in reality? If we accept that we've chosen reality as an absolute and existence exists, we can hopefully try and determine what a rational code of ethics is. So in the realm of ethics, we've got something called meta-ethics. And it's kind of like metaphysics, but it deals with the nature of where ethics come from, where our code of morals come from, where our code of values come from, and the ethics we choose. Now, historically and predominantly, most people would consider that ethics came from either God, some omniscient, omniscient being that could just dictate what we should do and what we shouldn't do, or from society, so-called normative ethics, the collective ethics, the ethics which society thinks you should do, the values which society determines you should have, not the values which you choose yourself. Now, I don't necessarily want to kind of like focus on the specific mysticism involved and faith involved with religion. I don't want to touch on any touchy areas like religion. If you want to come talk to me after about it, then that's fine, but I'm not going to stand here and talk about it now. But I will point out the arbitrariness of the construct society. If society is necessarily the source of ethics and therefore the source of values, that which is good is determined by what society wants to be good, or thinks is good, or votes is good, what the majority think is good. But the problem is society is only a collection of individuals. There's no collective mind, there's no collective person, there's no collective man. There's only you, me, him, her, whatever. There's no collective mind, there's only individual minds, there's only individual men. The problem with society as a source of ethics is that the majority are generally entitled to determine what is good, and it's moral for them to determine what is good, regardless of its content, and the minority are usually obliged to follow, and that's considered moral, that's considered valuable, regardless of the content, regardless of what the values chosen are, regardless of whether it conflicts with your existence. So if we want to change the predominant kind of pattern of thought, it's these issues that we need to tackle, but we need to base them in existence, we need to base them in metaphysics and epistemology. So we should start again by asking the question, well, what are values? You know, why does man need them? So what are values then? Another quote, I like quotes. Value is that which one acts to gain and or keep. The concept value is not a primary. It presupposes an answer to the question of value to whom and for what. It presupposes an entity capable of acting to achieve a goal in the face of an alternative, where no alternative exists, no goals, and no values are possible. So Imran always used a good quote that an indestructible killer robot, not necessarily killer, but an indestructible robot is, never has to face the choice of whether it's going to live or die, it's indestructible. So therefore, it can't hold any values. Why should man even need values? Can everyone kind of read that? It's a bit small. I'll read it out anyway. There is only one fundamental alternative in the universe, and this is kind of coming back to the idea of the indestructible robot. Existence or non-existence, and it pertains to a single class of entities to living organisms. The existence of inanimate matter is unconditional. The existence of life is not. It depends upon a specific course of action. Matter isn't destructible, it changes forms, but it cannot cease to exist. It is only a living organism that faces a constant alternative, the issue of life or death. Life is a process of self-sustaining and self-generating action. If an organism fails in that action, it dies. Its chemical elements remain, but its life goes out of existence. It is only the concept of life that makes the concept of value possible. It is only to a living entity that things can be good or evil. The indestructible robot can't die, you guys can. And that's the reason why man needs values, because man's values only come from the fact that you're alive. That is your highest value.  Man's life is the ultimate standard of value. It's the goalpost, the measuring post by which you judge all other values. How we think, how we act.


They are doing a good job. They are doing it because they are going to get through the same situation. They are doing a good job. They are doing it because they are going to get through the same situation.


Welcome and Aloha. I'm Mark Shklav, the host of Think Tech Hawaii's Law Across the Sea program. Today we're going across the sea to the mainland and then across the Rocky Mountains to Denver to talk with Hawaii lawyer Ryan Markham about his personal and professional journey. So let's get started. Aloha Ryan, how are you? Hey, you're great. Thanks so much for having me on the show.  I've loved all of the guests you've had and it's just humbling to be part of it. You've had so many impressive guests and then now me. So I'm glad to have you and I want to talk about your journey Ryan because a lot of young people in Hawaii who are just beginning their careers think about do I stay in Hawaii or do I leave Hawaii for the mainland? So let me ask you, you were raised in Hawaii, you went to law school, the University of Hawaii, then you worked for your TADS law firm here in downtown Honolulu, but why did you leave Hawaii for Colorado? It's a great question and there's actually kind of several factors for the decision. I think one throughout a lot of my life the words of Jim Scott, the former president of Honolulu School, have played in my mind and he used to always say to who much is given, much is expected and I've kind of taken that as a bit of a personal challenge. You know, I look at my father who we mentioned that I worked for and I look at the amount of opportunity he had versus the opportunities he gave me and I think the kind of the pressure, it's self-imposed really, but there's self-imposed pressure to perform and in a way do better. So as I'm sitting around, you know, working in my dad's law firm, thinking well how am I going to improve upon this or do better than this, it became, you know, looked like a taller order in task and not that there's anything wrong with becoming Greg Markham, but it looked like that was my destiny and I thought hey maybe I should try to see if I could do something else or what and I think another part of it is for good, bad or indifferent, I think a lot of local kids, we grow up kind of thinking that to really make it or feel like you're making it, making it on the mainland somehow is like a, I don't say a better thing or bigger thing because in a lot of ways it's a lot harder to make it back home, but you know, I got to a point where things were very, very comfortable in Hawaii, you know, I was working with my father with his partner, so I grew up with his kind of uncles really and, you know, I was fortunate enough to play in a band with, you know, Justice McKenna, Judge Irooka, Judge Domingo, Judge Crabtree and I got very, very comfortable in the Hawaii legal community, so I thought maybe it'd be good to kind of get out of my comfort zone and see if I could grow and make it somewhere else where I had sort of no connections and no, you know, no one really knew who I was, so I kind of wanted to take that challenge on and I've been fortunate that it's worked out well so far. So in a way it sounds like you thought a lot about this and you wanted to make sure that you could be a success on your own in some other place and because you had a lot of things going for you in Hawaii, a lot of backers and I guess that's what I'm hearing and it sounds like, well, look, let me try to see if I can make it on my own also. Yeah, definitely, you know, I think it's that, you know, wanting to just improve and get better and not that I wasn't improving, I still had so much to learn in the practice in Hawaii and you know, I thank everyone I worked with, you know, Kevin Chi, being really just a smart dude and being able to talk to him about things, Khaled Feldman, I worked really closely with Tommy a lot and then and I learned a lot about just sort of the mechanics of motions practice and litigation from Danny Kim and Keith Kato, who are both now named partners at Chi Markham and Kato and Kim, so, you know, I'm really grateful for that experience and really I think I couldn't be doing the things I'm doing without that. Okay, well, let's go to talk about the things you're doing now. You joined the firm of Cottony Attorneys and Consultants. What is that firm like and who, you know, what attracted you to Cottony Attorneys and Consultants and, you know, where are you located? What do you do? Yeah, yeah, thank you. So, you know, I feel like in my, you know, my practice in Honolulu, I feel like I had and we, our firm kind of had sort of this David and Goliath thing where we always felt like we were David, we were going up against bigger firms and we had, you know, nine, 10 attorneys but not a huge practice. And so, you know, the chance to, I don't want to say join Goliath, but join a place that had a tremendous amount of resources versus what, you know, I was used to doing a lot of things kind of on my own.  So, having a lot of resources is kind of incredible. It's awesome. I mean, we, you know, to have the ability to, if we need to put just bodies on a case, you know, the paralegals, associates and partners, it's neat, you know, and it kind of, it's a good feeling to know that you're really supported and you can kind of do anything and take on any type of litigation. So, that was a big part of it. I, another thing that drew me to the firm is our CEO, Trent Hotney, I got to interview with him when I was interviewing and it ended up just being a great, great conversation. I mean, I think we only started talking shop like really late in the interview. We just started talking story and, you know, he's a really, really cool guy. I, what I was able to recognize in him right away is he's a bit of a visionary and kind of a disruptor when it comes to the legal community and the practice of law. He sees things a bit differently and kind of similar to how I do. And I had sort of these, you know, fledgling thoughts about where the practice of law should go and what we should be doing to better serve our clients and evolving. And Trent had basically articulated all of these things I was kind of feeling and thinking beautifully at me and I thought, oh, okay, this is, this seems like a cool place to be. So, yeah, we're fortunate to get an offer from them and take it and work, work here. I'm in, so I'm in the Denver office, but we have locations across the country. And I serve, I get to serve Hawaii, Colorado and Minnesota, which is awesome. Wow. Yeah. So I think Zoom, you know, Zoom sort of taught us that you can work from anywhere. And I've been fortunate enough to retain quite a few of my Hawaii clients and I can appear, you know, in court for them, you know, arbitrations and stuff so far. It's been pretty somewhat seamless to do it via Zoom. I think as we transition, hopefully, if we can, into more in-person stuff, then the plan is to be coming back and forth a lot more, which, you know, I would love to do because obviously Hawaii is always going to be home and love seeing everyone and being there. So it's kind of mean I have an opportunity to practice in a lot of different jurisdictions. So you actually have, you know, retained your connections professionally with Hawaii and your license in Hawaii obviously and your license in Colorado and also in Minnesota, is that right? Yeah, Minnesota too, yeah. All right. So you can represent across the nation and because of, I mean, and actually in a way because of the COVID situation, you're able to do it really better than previously. It sounds like. Yeah, definitely, definitely. And I, you know, I didn't think I could at first. I, you know, I think the one of the silver linings of the pandemic is that we realize, wait a second, we can do this. We can work from anywhere. And, you know, I actually, not even just the three jurisdictions, I am licensed in a lot of contractual, you know, a lot of construction contracts have arbitration provisions. And in a lot of jurisdictions, you're allowed to arbitrate there without being licensed. So I've found myself practicing in all kinds of places. It's been nice and cool. Okay. And so you mentioned construction law. That's your focus. Is that right? Yeah, yeah. So I started my dad obviously does a lot of insurance defense work, a lot of personal injury defense. And I had started initially doing that with him. And I think that's a really good, you know, the insurance defense stuff, personal injury defense, he really does teach you how to litigate. You take a lot of depositions, there's a lot of motions, practice and stuff. And I was fortunate, I got to have the experience to, you know, handle a lot of those types of cases and, you know, kind of take the lead on some of the more insignificant ones.  And then Kalle Feldman and Danny Kim from the firm, you know, had mostly a construction practice. And as that work picked up, you know, from 2015 and on, or maybe even before that, I was fortunate enough to be able to work closely with them in the construction litigation group of the firm. So you drew a lot from your Hawaii background into your present location with Cottney. And is Cottney made mostly construction law, that type of thing? Yeah, so the firm used to be called Cottney Construction Law. Actually, when I joined, that's what it was called. You know, the firm has done a good job of being able to serve sort of everything that construction companies would need, right? So we'd have these clients that needed help with employment law issues, tax, business stuff. So we got, you know, we have kind of vast practice areas now. We have groups that can handle sort of everything a construction company would run into, including immigration and, you know, business structuring and tax and all that stuff that's all over my head. It's much smarter people than I am, but so it's neat.  And I noticed that there's a, you know, Cottney has a lot of offices around the world. And so it's construction law and international legal topic. Is that my correct in that? Yeah, I think, you know, obviously it varies from country to country and jurisdiction to jurisdiction. But I mean, since, you know, since the advent of tools really, man's been building stuff and meeting to get disputes with building and building things or even just setting up projects and stuff together. So yeah, we've been, we're able to serve a lot of different countries. I don't have too much exposure to that, but I was fortunate enough to be looped in on some things. We have Barcelona or Spain presence and there's a large Spanish company that wants to do a big project in Texas and maybe Southern Colorado. So I was, you know, got to be looped in on that because I'd be helping with Colorado stuff. And so it's just kind of neat to see, you know, I'm not fully involved with just tangentially garing all the neat things happening with the firm across the world. And in addition to the legal side, we have a consulting arm, Cotney consultants, and we have a lobbying, Cotney lobbying, and we're able to sort of leverage both of those for information. I find our lobbying group to be very helpful. As part of my practice, I do OSHA defense work and, you know, figuring out where the Biden administration's going with regard to OSHA and then obviously our employment law groups wanting to know what they're going to be doing with a lot of employment issues. So having that lobbying arm that's, you know, in DC and give us all the information is really helpful. I got to be on a call recently with Senator Roger Marshall from Kansas who gave us some great insights and so it's neat to have access to that, you know. Well, what, you know, is the major issue facing the construction law field caused by the COVID pandemic nowadays? What does that look like? Well, you know, the huge thing we're dealing with and it looks like we'll be dealing with for a while is just material, shortage of material pricing. It's, you know, I hear it's going to get better, but, you know, with most things, the prices of stuff, it's quickly to rise and very slow to fall. But with COVID, I mean, we are from put together a kind of a list of things that contributed to our current material shortage and material price increase issues and pretty much all of it sort of this force, measure, you know, type stuff. Right. Yeah, sure. Fires and floods and, you know, COVID and, you know, you name it. So, you know, in that regard, the legal battles we're seeing is, hey, we're having to, if there isn't a material price or material shortage provision in the contract already, which, you know, all of the new contracts we have a client center have some language addressing that. But if the project was ongoing when the pandemic hit and this issue happened, we're having to lean into these force, measure, causes and provisions.  And now the price has increased tremendously, the delays caused by not having material available, you know, now on the contractor side, you know, in some cases having to eat some of the material costs or if they're used to making good margins on the materials, not being able to do that. So it's really impacting business and, you know, hopefully it can calm down. Yeah. And I guess, I mean, that opens up the really, I mean, it was always, force measure was always in the law, but I can see now with COVID it's, it's much, much greater, much bigger.  You mentioned that you were in a band in Hawaii with a bunch of judges and various other people. And, and I, you know, I, I under, I believe you're still connected with music, but what, and that connects you with Hawaii. So what's that about? Yeah, you know, I, so I, I, in college, I did a lot of, so I played football in college here in Colorado. And, and I also did a lot of music stuff. I was in the acapella group, but although it's hard to tell now, I did a lot of musicals and choral work and stuff. I hadn't had a band. So music's always been a big part of my life when, you know, I think when law school hit and I started kind of working, I got away from that. And within maybe the last three years, I think three years ago, was real fortunate. Rhonda Griswald, Irene Anzai, Gail Cosgrove, they do the Hawaii Woman Lawyers musical every year. And I got, somehow I got, I forget how that worked, but I got enlisted to be in the Hawaii Woman Lawyers musical and had a lot of fun doing that. And that kind of got me back into the music scene as far as the legal music scene goes. And then David Hayakawa and my law school classmate, Catherine Lohenberg, put, they put together a show called Rock for Justice, which benefits charitable show and got to play with, you know, a lot of these judges and other lawyers in their shows, several shows we've had. So that's kind of come back to music for me. I asked you to bring your ukulele today and you brought that. So do you have a song that you could sing that reflects your feelings about Hawaii? Yeah. Let the sandbagging begin. You know, we've had a lot of fires here on the mainland. Smokey air, but I'll try my best. This song, a Hawaiian song I really like is called Mauna Loa and I like just kind of the falsetto and my grandparents love the song too.  So yeah, I play Mauna Loa for my life. Please, take it. Okay. Thank you. You've maintained your connections. You know, you left Hawaii, but you've made, I see you've maintained your collections. And I mean, what sort of advice would you give to young lawyers thinking about this? I mean, thinking the young Hawaii lawyers, okay. What kind of advice would you give them?  It's a bigger, bigger sea, so to speak. And you don't run into the same people all the time, but don't lose sight of who you are and what your values are and how you want to practice law one. And, you know, I always think of that slogan, don't mistake my aloha for weakness. You know, I think you could still be cordial and professional and civil while still being firm and advocating for your client. As far as, you know, the lawyers who want to make that jump and leap, I'd say you definitely can. The practice of law is kind of this, you know, each jurisdiction has its own quirks and rules of procedure and case law and stuff, but by and large, it's all the same skill sets, it's all the same, you know, kind of everything you do.  You know, you can do it.  For every one of those guys, there's like 10 people that, you know, are no better or if not maybe significantly worse than the lawyers I went up against in Hawaii. And I think part of that is the economics of practicing in Hawaii. You know, if you're not good, whatever that means, if you're not good, it's hard to make it. You're really, it's really hard to make it as a lawyer in Hawaii if you're not gifted. I think for a couple reasons, the economics, like I mentioned, and then word gets out quicker, you know, hey, you know, this person, that person's not up to snuff. So, you know, the top tier construction lawyers in Hawaii I think could go up against construction lawyers from anywhere in the world really in my experience.  And, you know, I think it's a testament to the Hawaii legal community and how we practice and, and yeah, so. Oh, no, no, and just pulling this all into your music too. Has that, has your ukulele and your Hawaiian music helped you in this journey? You know, it has been, I really almost, so I started playing on like Facebook and stuff when lockdown started. And I really wasn't, I would do the shows, you know, with Hawaii women lawyers and Rock for Justice, but other than that, I wasn't tying or performing at all. So, on one hand, it helped kind of keep my sanity throughout the pandemic and just feeling that connection to home, you know, feeling that connection to the culture, the people and, you know, through the music has been really helpful, you know, and going more in, I played a lot of classic rock stuff all through college and getting more into the actual Hawaiian music has been really nice and just, you know. So, let me, let me ask you, do you have a song to sing about your new home in the Rocky Mountains that you, you could share? Yeah, I probably should have learned John Denver's Rocky Mountain High, given the title of the show, but you know, one, a song, a Hawaii song that I play here when, when I'm thinking of home and all the people I love back home is a Kalapano one. And I could play that one. Is that, is that okay? Yeah, make it, make it. Yeah, all right. So, here we go. Once I thought she didn't really need me, all those silly games really hurt too. For you, that chase of rainbow has met the most foe, all the shoulders to me and you and starry skies, and see her sleep without you, sleep brings back to memory, she's gone and my skies gray, left my heart. All right. Thank you. Now, you mentioned your face, you mentioned your Facebook and I saw a quote from Tim Tebowl on your Facebook. I want to put that up on the screen. It says, when you die, there's going to be a tombstone.  In between, there's going to be a dash, and that dash is going to represent everything you did in your life, good and bad. That's how you're remembered. And then Tim Tebowl ends with, what do you want your dash to represent? Well, let me ask you, what do you want your dash to represent? I think a lot of times we, and when I say we, I mean me, I get caught up so much in being successful and the practice of law is very competitive and you're litigating and you want to win, win, win. But I think when I really sit down and think about how I want to be remembered, what I want that dash to represent, I really want people to remember me as someone who was very helpful and had a lot of love for everybody and the community and Ohana and friends and everyone. I think that's, to me, that's more important than really anything is making sure I positively impact and touch lives and let people know they are loved and supported and seen and all of those great things. So that's something beyond legal practice, although it can combine with legal practice and it can be part of your legal practice and that's good. That's a nice sentiment. Yeah, definitely. I think, you know, having compassion for your clients and, you know, the situation they're in, that helps a lot. I think that giving them that aloha can go a long way. Ah, okay. That's cool. Aloha. So aloha plays a part in your practice and you become a human lawyer, not just a lawyer. That's good. Good advice. I like that. Now, you know, I want to thank you. We're at the end of our program, but I understand you have a song to close out this law across the program. I do. And, you know, I'm hoping this could be the theme here of the show. All right. All right. Well, thank you for that. I guess that will become our theme song. Oh, thanks for that. Okay. Okay. Ryan, well, you know, have a good time in the Rocky Mountains and, you know, I'm glad you've maintained your Hawaii connections in so many ways. And so really good to talk to you. Good to hear you. Love your songs. Take care. Aloha. Thank you. Thank you so much, aloha.


So, let us go for questions now, Sitaram Bhai in Patel Institute of Technology. Good morning sir. Yeah. So, my question is related to SIM, Security Information Management. Yes. There is a one point of long time storage. Yes. Can anybody break the, break the security of long time storage? Yes, it is very interesting and let me just take you out to a domain which is slightly different, take hospital records, medical records. Now, they also have to be stored for a long time even though they are not computer network and it is similar. So, what they do is two things, one of course you want to store it for the long term and therefore you need a lot of data and you need replication, duplication and so on. So, the cloud services and all you know and to store it outside your organization is again risky because of privacy that is why I went to the hospital and medical example. So, you do not want the service provider whoever he is to reliance or to read the data. So, what do you do? This is a very interesting concept in security. It is called split your data, it is like the treasure island map, you might have seen it in the movies that there is a map where the treasure is buried. You pair that map into 10 pieces and give it to 10 different people and only when all 10 of them come together and put their pieces together they can really understand the data. Likewise each one is seeing a very similarly when you store long time your data in some other storage you have to divide it into different parts and each part alone will not reveal the full information, but if you assemble it back. So, this is a very interesting concept I will just leave it at that and those who want should read this further. This is called m of n that if m out of n people if 10 out of 15 people combine only then the data can be recreated. So, this gives you some advantage of storing in a secure way in untrusted places store different pieces in different places and as long as all of them do not get together to cheat you will be able to preserve the data and also get your privacy. Next question. One is my question is where open proxy is used and the advantage of open proxy? Open proxy is usually used really by bad guys. So, a good guy a good service provider will never allow his proxy to be used by unknown people, but open proxy let me qualify that statement a bit. There are societies which are open in the sense they are free they do not want to disallow their citizens from doing things. So, in such societies open proxies are usually used by the bad guys, but there are other societies where the government is taking very strict action against citizens who try to read or learn or think beyond what is prescribed as the correct way to live. So, for such societies providing open proxies is something that helps their citizens to in some sense overcome some of the restrictions. So, these answers are more in the nature of political. From a technical point of view an open proxy is not a profit making model and it is used it is to be provided only if you have some reason for allowing unknown people to benefit by hiding their identity. I gave you some examples of why people would want to do things like that, but in general like Someshwar said it is a misconfiguration. You have tried to configure a proxy only for students in your campus and because you did not configure it properly others are also able to use it to hide their identity. Morning we have asked the same question. What does mean by birthday attack? Birthday attack. Birthday attack now I understood. Tell me please about the Chinese Reminder Theorem. The second one I will pass you can read by Googling Chinese Reminder Theorem. Birthday attack I will just give you a simple answer which of course you can again read by Wikipedia and Google and so on. See there is a very interesting puzzle that in your room how many people are sitting now maybe about 30 people. So, can you guess what is the chance that two people have the same birthday just the date day and the month not the year. So, these 30 are random people actually it is not random you are all teachers you are all having a particular degree, but assume 30 random people are sitting in a room what is the chance that two of them share what do you think is it a very low chance or very high chance. So, let me continue the explanation that surprisingly that if the number of people in the room exceeds 23 or so there is a very high probability more than 0.5, 0.6 that two people in the room have the same birthday even though there are 365 different days in which they could have been born once the number of people exceeds 21 or 22 a clash is possible. Now, this principle is used when you do this integrity of files when you hash files many different files if they are hashing to a smaller domain that is why it is called Shah 128, Shah 256 how many bits you are using to represent the hash and the smaller your hash the more chance of collision that a wrong file can be mistaken for a right file because of the probability of clashing is quite high. So, this is called the birthday paradox and it is used in some scenarios to attack protocols which try to do sort of integrity checking where you modify the message you can still make the hash come out right and cheat the person into thinking that the message is authentic you can compromise the integrity of the message. Chinese reminder theorem is little more complicated you can read that later on. Next question. Good morning sir. Yeah. My question is related to OSIM. Yeah. In the morning class we have seen OSIM architecture so many models. Yeah. And one of the module which is particularly interesting to us is vulnerability attack. Yes. So, we would like to know something about what kinds of vulnerability attacks it is presently checking. Okay. So, many of you will be aware that ethical hacking is the thing where a lot of professionals get together to go and check out whether a system or an organization is actually secure. So, many financial organization banks or even stock exchanges and clearing corporation and so on they have a compulsory rule that once in three four months they have to get an independent third party to come and do a security audit. And those people use tools with check for vulnerabilities that there are many known vulnerabilities that keep getting published and that is what Ashok was trying to tell you that software that for instance Apache server or SSL or Windows software as people find out faults they keep reporting these and the manufacturer or the software writer releases patches and bugs. Now most organizations find it very difficult to keep up with all this. So, they do have a system which is supposed to do all this there are supposed to be information coming in and so on but never you can trust that you have done everything perfectly. So, vulnerability assessment tools or tools that are used by these auditors to go to a client's network plug in their PC or laptop and it starts probing whether all the services available on that network are having any known vulnerabilities. So, this is the open VAS that he talked about he gave the website you can go and see and this sort of information is made available on a cooperative crowd sourcing basis to anybody to use just like for email sites which are known to send spam their IP address are listed. For viruses sites that web pages where viruses are concealed are written and therefore like a parental guidance most proxy servers or mail servers can use such information or OSIM can use information like this available in a trusted forum developed for this purpose to block deny or prevent bad things from happening. So, this is what is meant by open vulnerability assessment with the help of only using a port scanning. Please louder. And we identify the victim system we will need to consult the IP table stored in a firewall. We will need to consult or we will need to modify ok. So, I think let me explain the second part that what Ashok was trying to say and you should also see this is a slightly more advanced usage that the firewall has rules which you have configured to the best of your knowledge and ability, but OSIM is revealing to you that an address let us say from China is suddenly starting to send lot of data to you and your IP tables as the way you had configured originally was allowing that particular IP address to kind of contact your web server. So, what you need to do is react. React means go and add a new rule in IP tables. Now manually we can do it, but that is a very slow process and if it happens in the night when nobody is watching. So, this is called an intrusion prevention system, not an intrusion detection system. An intrusion detection system will simply find out something bad is happening and alert it. An intrusion prevention system will take the next step. Once it has found out that some IPs are causing trouble to me, it will go and add a new rule automatically in the firewall. So, the firewall will have an agent, an OSIM agent which will then be able to reconfigure the IP tables, add one more rule, block this IP, drop the packet so that when it restarts the service this particular IP will be no longer able to attack you. So, this is an example of trying to prevent the intrusion automatically. Now, this could lead to false positives. It is slightly troublesome risky. You have to analyze the effect of this that a genuine customer may get blocked. He may then go away. So, depending on the nature of your business and depending on the nature of this, the policies are set when to block. What is a false positive? How long to tolerate? And these are judgment calls that as you become a security professional and start helping organizations, you have to use and configure the tool so that you strike the right balance between keeping your organization safe So, one way to keep your organization safe, of course, is do not allow anybody to talk to you. Now, that is a very bad policy for most organizations. Therefore, you have to do this balancing and that you will learn with experience. Yes. Hello. Yes. Morning, sir. Good morning. I am sure once again and here my question is like if there are a number of requests coming from same IP what will happen is the first part I think that it will block the OSIM system and what if I try to virtualize multiple IPs and generate multiple requests like DDoS or something like that. How much amount of traffic will it let to pass at all at a particular time and then raise a threat alert? Okay. So, the first one you answered it yourself but actually you should I just want to point out the converse that you cannot simply block an IP because it is generating a lot of traffic because it could be a proxy server. For instance, IIT Bombay, when 5000 students are surfing the internet almost all of the requests are served by 2 or 3 IP addresses which are the addresses of our proxy servers, the squid servers. So, a lot of address requests keep going out from those few IP addresses only from IIT Bombay and therefore if a Gmail or a Google blocks it then most of us will not be able to access the service and it is not a good healthy situation. Therefore, we have to be careful and you cannot block only based on number of requests. So, therefore the analysis has to be a little more sophisticated. Now, the second question relates to that that answering that maybe I should just give an analogy it is a spy versus spy. Okay. There are every scenario where you can think of which is a bad use or a DDoS could also be a legitimate use based on how other users whom you really want them to access. For instance, if you are Flipkart if you just block then you are going to lose sales and if you do not block then you are going to get denial of service. So, I was saying this in the previous question also there is no easy answer to what you are asking that there is no this is good this is bad there is no black and white and therefore many times you have to make judgment calls and these judgment calls with experience the software can be trained and sometimes it makes better calls. This is the same situation in many information reasoning with uncertainty. When you apply for credit cards to banks banks do not give everybody credit cards they do a risk evaluation. If you are a young man driving a red car red color car and so on then you are more likely to cause damage so they will deny it.  So, like that they use some guidelines and rules. So, similarly people use this he said about IP reputation right all IP addresses are not equal. IP addresses used by university like IIT or used by some government of India agency are probably more trustworthy. IP addresses used in a private subnet of a network of a commercial service provider are less trustworthy and this is not only based on the owner it is also based on the history if attacks have been reported in the last two months from these addresses or this range it is more risky. So, I do not want to elongate this answer little more all I want to tell you is this is what is called a multi-factor uncertain reasoning. There is no clear 100 percent guaranteed correct answer and these calls are taken by different this is called security posture. Some organizations take a very strict posture if you are CIA or military or FBI then yes if you are different university take a different posture. So, please look for this it is called security posture and such a policy is made by the CISO.  So, I will stop this here and I hope you will enjoy the labs we will come back during the labs and answer questions when you have questions in need center. Thank you.


Hello, I'm Martin from Moodle. Maybe you want to meet some of the Learn Moodle team? Get around Moodle HQ. Hello, my name is Opera Banerjee. I'm a developer on the Moodle HQ sites team and I've been working on making Learn Moodle function look, feel, awesomely for you. Hi, I'm Barbara. I'm the web designer and I was responsible for the Learn Moodle team. I'm Matt. I'm an assistant servant and I'm responsible for the underlying cluster architecture running Learn Moodle. Hi, I'm Max. I'm working on a market for Learn Moodle and maintaining a social media accounts for Moodle. That's everyone in person. Let's go to the EU. One of the most invisible people in backstage work after the technical parts of this site. I hope we'll all enjoy this course in the next month. Have fun! I'm Helen in Belgium. I'm doing a bit of testing, trying not to break everything. I'm Mary Coombs in the UK and I've been working on the learning activities for the course and I'm looking forward to supporting people in the forums.


This is how you become dangerous. Word tracks are something so you never freeze. Remember how I just grabbed you? And I was like, what's my payment gonna be?  Can I ask you a question? Are you nervous? Yeah. No, you're not. I need you to stop lying to you. Listen to me, do you know what's keeping him weak? Him. And by the way, you're gonna change today. I'm not embarrassing you.  You just gotta want to develop. You just gotta want to train. You gotta realize the life you have right now is not the life you're after. But you're in the right job. You're in the right company. You're in the right place. You're in the right vehicle. You just gotta look in the mirror and be like, dude, I'm not doing anything about changing my life right now. It's like, dude, this is what I need to do. I don't care how much skill you have. If you do everything that I said by exercising, taking care of yourself, starting to believe in yourself, learn your confidence, learn how to speak, speak more, talk more, get in the flow state more. Flow state, what's flow state? The way I talk, I gotta talk all the time. You guys talk for a living. How often should you be talking? All the freaking time. You know how many phone calls I made to get good at talking? All the time. Don't practice on your customers. Get on the phone. Wear that phone out, okay? So this part right here, the difference between cells and closing is simple. Just so we can get everybody to understand this. You have this line. There's cells, and I think closing starts at two things. Closing starts at your first no. And then closing starts when the money hits the table. People say you're closing when you're first meeting somebody.  But really, look, you guys just need to be sold and closed on yourself, and they'll be closed and sold on you. Real closing, which requires skill to me, starts when somebody says no. Yeah, so listen, we're gonna go take this vehicle for a test drive, or here's what we're gonna do. We're gonna get the strategy set up, and this out, yeah, I'm not really interested. Okay, now it's time to close. Is money on the table yet? Nope, that's early on. It's time to go into closing. I need to make sure that they see what I see. Everybody write this down. Closing is altering somebody's perspective.  It is literally allowing them to see what you see. Isn't it important to make people see what you see? Have you ever seen something and you're like, man, this is good for these people? Why aren't they doing it? You know why they're not doing it? Because you couldn't get them to see it. Your number one goal in closing is to change someone's perspective. I want you to know this. Closing customers is very, very easy. It's the easiest thing in the world.    You're not taking care of yourself. You're literally not sharp. Your eyes aren't awake. You're not alert, man.  You don't even take care of yourself or your own family. But you're gonna take care of them. They see right through you a bulls***. They're bulls*** meters. Like, dude, this guy's a fake. She's a fake. That's why if you do what I say to do and you become a pro, you'll annihilate people. So you wanna bankrupt your competition? Dude, my customers deserve the best. You'd be like, I can't believe he wants to bankrupt people. No, dude, if you're weak, you're out. If you're not willing to put in the time that I'm willing to put in, if you're not willing to self-invest in yourself and you're not willing to do all the stuff I'm willing to do, dude, I don't feel sorry for you. This is a big one for me. Master sales closing. Are we in the air of the worst salesman in the history of time? Two rules. You wanna be a bad salesperson? Number one, out-care your customer. Care more about your customer than they care about themselves. How about f***ing that? Number two, believe in what you sell. Most of you right now walking into a mortgage company, this guy sells mortgage leads. I say, hey man, how good are the leads? He's like, well, you know, I'm like, dude, that's the problem. Believe in yourself sales. Number two, closing. Do you need to know how to close? Yes or no? What is a close? A close is done after the offer is presented. Your job's to give people reasons and excuses why they should say yes to you now. Learn new word tracks and sales. I got word game. I got word game. I got some mad game with words. Guys, so when I first started selling, I would take any industry, by the way, it's how I train industries. So I take an industry, we take an objection and we learn five different ways to overcome those objections. Very simple, right? And that way we have different ways to talk and communicate with different people. I study so many different people. Every time you say something and I'm like, dude, that was good. What do you think I do? Write it down. Now listen, word tracks, if you say something and I hear you say it and I'm like, dude, I like that. What does that mean? That means the way he delivered those words to me is the way that those words need to be delivered. Does that make sense? So I don't be like, oh yeah, I kind of got what you said. Bro, word for word. I need to know exactly what he said, exactly how he delivered it. And then was there tonality? Was there pause? What did he do? What did he look like when he was saying it? Why did it affect me? Why did it make me wanna move in that direction? This is super important. This is the secret. Some of you guys have the same language you had five years ago.  It's why you're broke. It's why you're easy to be.


Good morning everyone. So Lisa and I are going to talk to you through this session. So Lisa will start by talking about a background to patient experiences work and introduce you to some of the work that has been done in the UK. And in the second part of this presentation, I will talk more specifically about our work in Kenya with regards to understanding the experiences of mothers of hospitalized sick newborns. So I hand over to Lisa. Thank you, Dorothy. Good morning, everybody. Dorothy, if you could click on to the next slide please. Great. Thank you. So the idea of this session is for Dorothy and I to give you an overview of some of the approaches to patient experiences research that we have done and that we're engaged with testing through a project called respect which Dorothy is going to give you a little bit more detail about a bit later on in the presentation. So we've just had a really interesting insight into one way of capturing patient experiences and thinking about the ways that they can feed into improving the quality of healthcare delivery and healthcare systems and I want to give you some insights into another approach. So patient experiences can reflect the range of introductions that patients have with the care system all the way along that their care pathway as we've just heard. And as sassy mentioned in her opening talk, they are now considered to be an integral component of healthcare quality. There are many different aspects of healthcare delivery that patients value highly when they seek care and when they receive care. And some obvious examples that I'm sure will all be familiar with just through our own lives are getting timely appointments, getting easy access to information about their health condition, their projected care pathway and their treatment plan. Perhaps most importantly in this list, good communication with healthcare providers. So that's a flavor of what's important about the patient experience. Next slide please Dorothy. And it's increasingly understood that a rich understanding of patient experiences is a key component of moving towards patient centered care which as you know is one of the things that we are particularly and increasingly focused on in high quality care. And there is a growing evidence base that suggests that patient centered organizations so organizations that have genuinely built their, their care provision on patient centered care and understanding the perspectives of patients can have multiple effects, including improving staff experience, staff morale and retention that I know is a real issue in in Kenya and it's it's also a very pressing issue here in in the UK as well. Patient centered organizations can also report shorter lengths of stay which obviously has all sorts of consequences for both the economics of the healthcare provider itself but also the experiences of patients and their families. So patient people's experiences can help us appreciate what's working well, what needs to change and how about how to go about making those improvements. In the book that that sassy mentioned in her first slide edited by Sue Zeveland and others. There are a range of different approaches to capturing patient experiences that are that are detailed. And, and some of them are focus groups, we've we've heard about the process mapping, and the approach that that Dorothy and I have been using is is doing in depth interviews with patients about their experiences of health and illness, or in in this case, interviewing mothers of with experiences of having preterm birth, and using patient experience data that is rigorously analyzed, you know, high quality data that's carefully collected and rigorously analyzed can help inform practice and health system change and improvement in loading the middle income countries. There has been a developing evidence base for these impacts in high income countries and Dorothy and I and others are very keen to develop the evidence base for demonstrating the impact that these can also be used in lower middle income countries. And one of the key things that we think is is important is this is that evidence generated to improve care can also be used in in other health care improvement settings so it's not just data that can be used to to improve care in in in one hospital in Nairobi but can actually be used to improve care at scale. So, Dorothy is going to talk more about the work that we have been doing in Kenya that builds on her doctoral research. But one study that I just wanted to mention before I hand back over to Dorothy is is work that's been done in high income countries to gain insights into the experiences of parents who have neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. And through a rich understanding of those parent experiences, those we've been able to develop a more personalized care for sick newborns that are that are genuinely meeting the needs of families. So this study mentioned here which is the Poppy study parents of premature babies in the UK. The results from this study that was led by Sophie Stanisłewska contributed to an understanding of parent needs and what they value which in particular was clear information, receiving emotional support and practical guidance and encouragement in caring for their baby. So I'm going to hand over now to Dorothy who's going to give you a bit more detail about the work that she and I have been undertaking in Kenya. Thank you. Right. So on this second part of the presentation, I will focus more on what's been happening in Kenya with regards to patient experiences. Our work primarily focuses on newborn care within hospitals in Kenya in the Kenyan setting. So the first set of qualitative work that we conducted and this was part of my DFL study was in looking at the experiences and perceptions of mothers with hospitalistic newborns across two hospitals in Kenya with a focus on one public hospital and a faith based hospital. Apart from that we also wanted to understand what roles do mothers play within the newborn unit. And in doing this we were able to apply three main approaches, the first one being non-participant observation. We were able to conduct over 600 hours of observations within the newborn unit and discovered both day and night shifts and weekdays and also weekend shifts. And this approach is very useful in terms of enabling us to get a detailed understanding of the context within which case provided across the two sectors. These two sectors have got different funding approaches, different structures, different staffing and different processes. We were also able to observe the roles that the mothers play within the newborn unit in terms of understanding what do they actually do, at what point do they actually take on the roles such as feeding, bathing the babies and also understand how are they actually prepared to take on these roles. Of importance was also in that to be able to understand the interactions, not just amongst the mothers but also between the mothers and the staff across the two hospital settings. The second approach that we used was in the interviews at the point of discharge. We were able to interview a total of 14 mothers across the two hospitals, that is 20 in each hospital. And this was important in terms of enabling us to follow up on issues that we were observing within the newborn unit during the non-participant observation phase. And by interviewing the mothers, they were able to talk about what roles they played and the perceptions about their involvement in care and some of the fears and concerns that they had while inside the newborn unit. The last method that we used was the storytelling or narrative intervening, where we were able to visit a subset of mothers two to three weeks post discharge in their homes. And what we saw was in terms of methodological approaches, in terms of the value that having storytelling exercises with the mothers in an environment where they're more relaxed post discharge outside the hospital setting played. In terms of their ability to openly talk about not just the positives but also the negatives in terms of how they were treated within the hospital setting. So this is a lesson that we continue to carry forward as we continue engaging with patient experiences, research. A key output of the qualitative work was us piloting the video recording of narrative interviews with mothers, which is an approach that Lisa and colleagues at the health experiences research group at Oxford have used over the years. But this is something that we wanted to test whether it could be acceptable, and would be something that would work within our Kenyan setting. So we're able to interview a couple of mothers and produce a pilot trigger film here in Kenya, and it's accessible on this link. So the current work which is building on from the initial qualitative work, and my different work is what we call the respect study. And what we want to do is collect additional narrative interviews with mothers or preterm babies and explore how we can actually use these experiences to improve care. So we are aiming to, we've been interviewing mothers across public hospitals and also some who have recruited through support groups within Nairobi. Basically to identify what are their needs and how can mothers be supported within newborn units. And one of the key issues that is emerging from the narrative interviews that we've conducted so far is the need for adequate and timely information for the mothers. So how are we going to incorporate mothers voices or the experiences of the mothers into quality improvement strategies. What we propose to do in the respect study is adopt the experience based code design approach, where we will incorporate the narratives of the mothers into quality improvement strategies. And experience based code design is an approach that enables staff and patients to code design basically come together work together in a participatory manner to come up with interventions that can improve care quality. So the first step is setting up the study which involves a lot of engagement with the hospitals, and the mothers and the staff engaging with the staff. And it's powerful that we are working closely with colleagues. One of one chassis were working with the nurses and also able to learn about the nurses experiences, what listen I am focusing on is on the patient experiences so talking to mothers and video recording their narratives. And then having a series of code design workshops where we'll bring together mothers and nurses in different workshop settings. Where we'll be able to share some of the key touch points emerging from the narrative interviews that we've been conducting face one of the respect study and produce short video clips which will share with the with the mothers and the nurses to get their feedback about the key emerging things or key emerging issues of interest that we are identifying from the stories of the mothers. And from that together design audio visual training materials and also information and education materials that can support mothers who have sick newborns or premature babies within our hospital settings in Nairobi. The next step would be to be able to test some of the audio visual training materials and the information support materials that will be code designed by the mothers and the nurses into two hospitals in Nairobi. And then we'll be able to also evaluate that using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Before the rollout of or the testing of the material that we have developed, we are going to be able to have a baseline data collection or where we interviewed the mother's administer questionnaires to the nursing staff and then go in and implement a pilot, the intervention that will be code designed by the mothers and the nurses. And after that have a final phase where we do a post implementation assessment of the intervention that will be developed. So that is a plan that we hope to undertake with experience code design sometime in the early the first quarter of 2022. Thank you.


We like the European Union to be Europe that is closer to its citizens. This is therefore we believe that the European Union should be more human, more democratic, more transparent. A Europe that will deliver on its promises, a Europe that promotes those initiatives, those actions, those policies that have a direct impact, a positive impact on the daily lives of European citizens. We would like to refer to those policies that have a direct impact. We believe that policies regarding agriculture, policies regarding the digital sector, the policies regarding reducing the gaps, the policies regarding the cohesion are the ones that are the most beneficial for the European project. So we are going to speak about that while at the same time speaking about the new priorities, especially the ones referring to the need for more security, to the need to tackle the most pressing issues at global level, to the need to be present of course in the countries of the region. So there is a mixture. There isn't only one policies that can be more successful than another. We need a mixture of policies that again would bring benefits to all member states. Romania is working with everyone because we are a country that has this particularity of being capable of engaging with a lot of the member states. So we are from Central and Eastern Europe, so we have a lot of friends in the region, while at the same time being a Latin country, so we engage quite well with the countries from the south. At the same time we are a very open market country, so supporting trade, supporting the need to engage with others, like most of the Nordic countries. While at the same time believing that security is key and this gathers us more closer to the countries in the northwestern part of the European Union. So therefore Romania has this capacity of finding common positions with a lot of the member states while sticking to its lines. We in Ireland are the two fastest growing economies in Europe and we can speak about growth. We can speak about development. We can speak about the digital sector but also the benefits of a strong agriculture. So we have a lot of things in common. We also know that security is key. We also know that trade brings benefits. We also know that the strong relation with NATO and the US also has benefits for everyone. So we have a lot of common points of view and I'm sure that we can do more together at European level. We need to discuss more, we need to engage more with each other in promoting common initiatives. And I'm sure that even now we are in different parts of Europe. Actually we have more things in common that we would believe we would have.


ond rhan o gael ei bod gael ei ddaetrhwm yn rhan o'r canyrs ei meddwl, yn yr upeniadau ei ddodiad, ond yn ymgyrchodol iawn i ddefnyddio ac yn defnyddio er mwyn eu gyfer ond hwn yn dal yn ddod arall. Mae'r hyn yn eich meddwl i gael eich mae'n meddwl ffordd ar yr rhan o'r sefydlfa er mwyn yn gweithio, efallai yn yr eich meddwl o'r rhan o'r ffund, mae'r meddwl o'r fan yn dda i'r meddwl a'i gael i gael i'r bobl. ac ym�um elod yn y gallu gwcle o'r cyfreunio'n gwybod yma. A oeddwn ni'n cynlifydd ar yien y tro a oeddwn ni'n teimlo gyntaf o'r cyfanyddio mewn unig yn gyntaf, mae'r cyfanyddio a'r cyfanyddio gyrddiadau. Fy wnat yw'n gwybod pa'r hynny. Gweld yw'n gwybod, Paul. Yn y bai, ac mae wedyn meddwl am rhan o'r cyfrindig ein hwn fel 1991. I think that what we do as television producers is actually rather like what you do as teachers. So forgetting the embarrassing non-playing video. We're always thinking about how we work with different audiences. How do we get and keep attention? If you've got a remote control and you can change channel every five seconds, how do we make sure that if someone comes into our programme at any moment they're going to be gripped and stay there to the end? One of the great problems with science, especially if you're presenting for a general audience, is how on earth do you make science relevant? And I think that one of the great challenges we've heard earlier this afternoon, that so few people go into physics, I think maybe they can't see what physics is about. Worse, they don't know what a physicist is like. You guys, and as you heard, teaching physics is doing physics. You guys are fantastic role models for what physicists could be like. And other scientists too. Because you are not what people think scientists look like. They think they look a bit like me. An older middle-aged bloke with a beard is what you often see represented in the media. So we work very hard to break those stereotypes. And I think that you can do the same. Now if you come to my workshop this afternoon, a story-telling workshop, I'm going to help you to do what we actually do. I'm going to want you to think about physics and other science like a journalist would. If you look at a headline in a newspaper, if you went to W. H. Smith's this morning and took a look, you would be able to find five headline stories immediately. And in five words, which is what a typical Daily Mail or Daily Express headline is, you would have the story absolutely there. What we're not very good at in science is getting to the guts of a story immediately and getting attention.  If you go into W. H. Smith's, it makes a real commercial difference to them if you pick the independent or if you pick the Daily Mail. So writing a great headline and communicating a story instantly is the business of the media. Now I'm not saying that you should think like Daily Mail journalists all the time and probably a lot of you might even hate the Daily Mail. But the tricks that they've developed over the last 150 years or something are things that I think you can apply to the subjects that you teach. Because what we spend a lot of time doing is introducing stuff and setting it up and what I think you should do or at least could do sometimes is to get absolutely to the heart of a story. Now it's difficult because that little clip I was going to show you is only five minutes long and we've got three stories in there. We've got breaking a wine glass with sound. We've got how sound waves are used to break up kidney stones and we measure the speed of sound underwater in the harbour in Cardiff. Three great demos but they only take five minutes. So how can we squeeze that amount in? And the answer is by simplifying which is something else that journalists do all the time. A front page newspaper story on the Daily Mirror is kind of that long. That's all the space they've got. So can you get the absolute essence of science down into a few words and throw away the rubbish? That's what we do. And the third thing that they do is newspapers get to the really good stuff first. So normally when you tell a story it starts once upon a time and then it ends with a dramatic conclusion. Strangely enough newspapers completely throw that away and in the headline they tell you what happened which you might think would spoil the story. Actually it doesn't because it's so short it makes you want to find out the detail and learn more. So actually putting the good stuff first which is what newspapers do in a headline is a great trick that we use when we talk to professional scientists. Now this afternoon there are actually going to be two of us. Victoria is stuck on a train and will be here in about 15 minutes. She is a professional actor and if you are devotees of Emmerdale or Hollyoaks you may have seen Victoria at various times. She tells me she mainly gets typecast either as anesthetist or a prostitute. I don't know what the connection is. Victoria will be here shortly. When she's not acting she is a voice coach all around the world for big corporations, people like Llorial. They think nothing of having all their board members trained in how to communicate. You guys stand up in front of classes all day and may not have had much training in how to use your voices. So we thought we would bring that here today. So it's what we do for scientists and what we can do for science teachers as well. So what we're about overall, whether it's on TV or in front of classes it's about passion and communication and inspiration and we think that the tools that we've learned are things you might find interesting. So I hope to see some of you in our workshop this afternoon and if not we do run a series of courses including ones with these two great science communicators who we can bring to the courses that we run. So if you see me around this afternoon and are interested do come and say hello otherwise I hope you enjoy the rest of the day and also congratulations to you on being hopefully inspiring physics teachers too. Thank you very much. An incredible thing has happened everybody. With one minute to go, I'd just like to introduce Victoria. Vic, you don't have to say anything. So Victoria is going to be in here running a couple of the voice workshops this afternoon. So if you have voice on your badge you'll be with Victoria. Well done Vic. Hello, thank you. Really apologies. Broken down train, horrendous nightmare, back up trains, everything have run from Malibow so I really apologise I wasn't here before. Lovely to meet you all. Thanks Vic. So hopefully we'll spend a little bit of time with some of you this afternoon telling you about how we analyse stories of better communication and how you can project and protect your voice. So thank you very much and we'll see you later.


Hi everyone and welcome to this knowledge clip on international migration, more specifically theories of international migration. So today I'm going to explain in a very basic way the laws of Ernest Ravenstein, who can be considered one of the classical theories of international migration. So Ravenstein, he was a cartographer at the British War Office at the end of the 19th century and he established a series of migration laws which he published in a journal at the end of the 19th century based on an analysis of census data. So census data are full population data that governments do gather around their population every couple of years, that can be every 5 years, can be every 10 years. And he used this data to investigate how people moved, migrated within the United Kingdom at the end of the 19th century. And the laws that he formulated have been applied to international migration as well afterwards and some of them as you will see are still relevant today and we will discuss this also probably if you follow one of my lectures on campus or hybrid lectures as well following up on this knowledge clip. So let's dive into the different laws that he formulated but let's start first to be very clear about the scope of the laws that he formulated, right? So Ernest Ravenstein indicated that the primary motivation for migration generally is always the economy. So people move to another location because of higher wages, because of better work. So there is some certain economic determinism in the laws that he formulated and so it can be used to explain why people move or why economic migration exists but it is less apt to apply for example to refugees or forced migration. So that is something important to keep in mind. Okay so let's start with the first law of Ravenstein. So most migrants migrate short distances to absorption centers which means that generally people do not tend to move very long away from their home. So generally what we see if you come let's say from Tilburg for example the likelihood of moving to internationally or nationally to Amsterdam to Antwerp in Belgium for example will be much higher compared to moving to New York or SACA or somewhere in South Africa for example. So generally migrants tend to move short distances to absorption centers which are places where more people migrants generally are already residing. The second law that he formulated is that people also tend to move from rural areas to urban areas. But this has an effect of course because the more people move from agricultural regions towards city areas the less people live in these rural areas. So you have rural depopulation and these gaps he indicated are generally also filled up by new migrants who also then move from further areas away towards these rural areas. The third law of Ernest Ravenstein is that absorption or in migration is at the expense of dispersion or out migration. This simply means that if you have many people that migrate towards a certain location you generally will see that less people move away from that location. And if you want to know a little bit more about fine-grained dynamics how this work I also recommend to watch the knowledge clip on migration transition theories where we specifically link in migration out migration to levels of developments of countries. So if you want to know more about this law I recommend to watch that knowledge clip as well. But the important is to remember in migration so in migration people moving into a certain location into a certain country generally means that there is less people that are going out of that country and that is related but that's for another knowledge clip to developmental processes. The fourth law of Ravenstein was that each migration stream has a counter stream. This is also quite logical it simply means that if you have people moving from let's say Poland to the United Kingdom that you also have people moving from the United Kingdom to Poland that can be British citizens that move towards Poland but that can also be of course return migration of Polish migrants who after a while decide to return to their country of origin. Then the fifth law of Ravenstein is that long-distance migrants so those who move long distances not the short distances which are predominantly what migrants do they tend to move to great centers of commerce and industry. So when people decide to move for a very long distance generally they will not end up in a rural area or a small town somewhere but they tend to go to the big cities the big urban areas where there is a lot of commerce a lot of industry particularly job opportunities and higher wages which also are at the core of the loss of Ravenstein. The sixth and that is almost the last law already of Ravenstein is that those in rural areas migrate more compared to those in urban areas that is something that we still see today people who live in agricultural regions are much more likely to move to urban areas and are much more likely to move compared to those who already reside in an urban area and then finally it also indicated that women migrate more so we already had some interest in the gender dimension of migration and he indicated that particularly short distances so women are much more likely to move short distances away compared to men and they also more likely to move compared to men. So this is in a nutshell what Ravenstein was talking about at the end of the 19th century. Bushpool model theories for example are also based on his insights but that is for another knowledge clip. Thank you for watching and I hope you enjoyed this video.