Again, welcome everybody. Welcome to the Future Trends Forum. I'm delighted to see you all here today. We have a really good guest and we have a great subject and I'm really looking forward to our conversation. Here at the forum, we've recently been diving into the questions of free speech and academic freedom on campus. And we've done this in a couple of different ways. We hosted Hank Reichman, who is with the American Association of University Presidents, and he does a lot of work there for protecting academic freedom. And of a couple weeks ago, we hosted two professors who had written a pretty interesting book trying to think of some limits for academic freedom for faculty. Now, I want to bring up the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression. This is a group that fights very hard for freedom of speech. They've been doing this for quite some time and in fact until recently they were called the Foundation for Individual Rights and Education. They publish a lot of reports, they do a lot of legal advocacy work, and recently they've been publishing reports on what they see as the climate of free speech on campus. So, where are they telling me what they do? Let me bring up Sean Stevens. He's a senior research fellow there. Not too far from me, geographically, here on the East Coast. He's the author of some of this research and I'm gonna, without any further ado, I'm gonna bring up on stage so we can start talking with him. There we go. Hello, Sean Stevens. Hi, how are you? All right, good to see you. And where are you today, I should ask. I'm in that Jersey City, New Jersey. That's right. Well, here we have the East Coast fully represented. At least the middle and the northeast. Shall we have a tradition on the forum where we ask people to introduce themselves by talking about what they're going to be doing next? I'm curious, in the next year, what are the big projects and the big ideas that are top of mind for you? Yeah, so as you mentioned, we've recently kind of started doing these reports on on college students in the climate on campus for free speech. So we are planning to once again run that survey. We're gonna up the number of schools to 250. The previous year, and so we're gonna up that to about 250 probably there's usually a handful then there's usually a handful more because there's usually alumni at some schools who are just interested in having them surveyed and so we kind of added them after we've actually already made the selection. So that's why we just wind up with kind of a weird number. So that's one thing. We're we also recently completed a faculty survey, a nationwide faculty survey, which asks about free speech and academic freedom. Some of the questions came from our student survey so we can actually make some cross comparisons there with what faculty think versus what the students think. Others were completely new questions geared more towards what faculty would experience potentially encounter on campus. We so we did that and we're going to have next week, we're actually going to have a new research fellow starting whose expertise is in surveying faculty and studying faculty attitudes. So we're kind of launching more of a research project into kind of capturing what faculty think about these issues. Now, we think we have the students down fairly well with the ranking survey and a few other things. But that's only part of the picture of trying to capture what a climate is like on a campus. And I would actually argue it's probably maybe more more important to get the faculty added to as important. If not more, they're likely there for longer students for four or five years, leave campus, go elsewhere. Faculty can be on a campus for decades. So those two major projects. And then there's a number of like as far as spending, we have a number of other other things going on. But I'll let's get let's get to the more pressing matters at hand. I guess those are the things that sound like you'll be busy and I'm delighted to hear I'm looking forward to the next releases. Friends, if you're if you're new to the forum, I'm going to ask our guest a couple of questions just to get things rolling. The forum's purpose is for you to ask your questions. So again, go back to that white bar on the bottom of the screen. And if you are if you want to ask a video question, just click the raised hand button. And if you got a text question, press the Q&A box and type it in. I'll remind you about that. But I think you'll find quite a lot to think about my first question is how far back have you all been doing this? How many how many years have you been doing the survey of students? The survey we did the first survey in 2020. So he's done it in 2020, 2021. And then now in 2022 each year it's gotten larger. The first year is about 20,000 students. And then we hit about 45,000 this most recent year. Is there three years? I mean, is that enough for a longitudinal analysis yet? You know, I would say no. I for there's for a few reasons, like number one, it's it's yes, it's only three years. I mean, I think that we want to continue to do this. So it grows into something more like the general social survey, the American election study, which are asked repeatedly and they build up a data set over decades. And there I think you can really start looking more at trends over time. Another reason why is we've, you know, we've changed some of the questions each year to try and better, you know, get a better measure. What, you know, the first year we did it, we're trying questions out and then we want to tweak them, improve them, make them better as we've collected data on them. So some questions have been asked every year, but others haven't. Some have been slightly tweaked. I think you can probably still make those comparisons as long as you know that they were slightly tweaked. But yeah, I don't I don't think it's long enough to really capture any long term trends yet. It's just a nice repository of data right now. Got it. Got it. Appreciate that. And within that repository, I mean, what are some of the what are some of the top line findings in your in your take? I mean, my sense is that we get some students who say that they leave in free speech and some students who say they think you should be limited for certain reasons that seems it seems kind of contradictory in some ways. I mean, but but you're you're the expert here. What's what's your sense? So you just described, I think, something that's a very called almost like a classic finding or an expected finding in most literature, polling data and like peer reviewed scholarship on support for civil liberties, support for free speech or how it's kind of proxy measured a lot of times in the political science realm and in the general social survey as tolerance for a controversial speaker or individual. And you generally see that when asked in the abstract about issues like free speech, free expression, academic freedom, people are supportive of it, almost overwhelmingly supportive in certain cases. Like you'll hit like numbers like 90, 95 percent. Wow. But that evaporates when you then add specifics and ask about more detailed cases and you say exactly what the person is expressing or what they're saying, then you are always going to find, like, you know, notable portions of people to even majorities that are opposed to these types of targets. So I think that, you know, we kind of have that. We don't necessarily have that pattern in our data because we don't actually knowing that that was the case. We didn't really ask an abstract question about do you just support this stuff in general? But so so our top line findings, I would say, is what we do find is students are they're certainly there's a notable like majority to probably about 50 percent about two thirds who say there's some level of discomfort expressing views when they disagree with a professor, whether that's in the classroom or in writing. When we ask follow ups as to why students self censor, you said number of students answer that they're afraid of for their grade. This is an interesting finding because while it's challenging to study that people who have attempted to study this and capture if this is actually a thing have found essentially no evidence that like a student's politics impacts how the professor grades them. The professor is not looking to get them for their politics, but I think it's still a concern if students think that they are, like whether or not whether or not it's actually happening, that it's a concern. I think it's it's something that we should note and try to address. There are other things that come up are there's definitely just like social media is seen as a place where they're not comfortable expressing controversial views that could be pylons, things like that could damage their reputation. Students predictably based on ideology, liberal students are, you know, pretty intolerant of pretty controversial conservative speakers. But the same is also true of conservative students for controversial liberal speakers. You know, notable portions find they say and, you know, I'm very careful. You got to like think about how the questions were. And so I don't think students are going to rush out there and, you know, physically block entry to events in mass numbers or you can get violent. But if they're asked if the behaviors are acceptable to disrupt the campus event, pretty notable portions say shout-downs are acceptable to some degree. But we don't under 40 percent say blocking entry to an event. And the way we've the way the data looks like it seems like that's being interpreted as physically blocking entry, like not a not like some kind of line where there's not going to be physical interaction because it is seen as less acceptable than shouting down a speaker. So we kind of read that as they're probably taking that as physically blocking entry. And then about one in five, you say the use of violence could be acceptable, you know, most of them say rarely, but they're saying it's acceptable in some circumstances. So what was that? What was that number? Was it one in five say? And, you know, I've very, I was very like, no, it's like one percent say the word always acceptable and something like five percent say sometimes. And most of the rest of that 20 percent is saying rarely. So it's in very rare circumstances, but rarely is different from never. So we would say that they're finding that acceptable to some degree. And then we've found the last two years when we ask it in a frequency based way that about one in five students say they self censor often, like very or fairly often because they're, you know, afraid of how other students, faculty or administrators will react or respond to what they say. Oh, so it's not just their grade, but it's it's the whole academic community. Yeah, the broad finding, I think I would say is is what we found is in this year, we added questions that kind of got more out. Are you worried about your reputation being damaged? Things like that. The broad finding is, yeah, it's just people are worried about social consequences. If they say controversial things that then, you know, if they if they weigh in on a political matter or what's obviously a controversial topic and they both say the wrong thing, they're worried about the negative social consequences that can happen. Got it. Well, thank you. That's a terrific set of top line findings. I've been treating this out and Lisa Durf has been following along. And there's been some commentary in the chat. And in fact, we have we have some questions already. And I was I was going to follow up with one. Let me just ask you one more. Just just to poke things a little, a little further. What's a once you publish this research, what surprised you in the reactions to it that has occurred? Well, so honestly, I mean, we kind of always expect there to be like some people like we expect there to be some people who like love it and they kind of maybe need your send it around or tweet it out or talk about it without necessarily like really diving into it and seeing what it says. And then on the flip side, there's like the typical kind of criticisms that may fall in that category as well. It's reading of the executive summary or top line findings and not necessarily a full dive into the report. There's like criticisms about methodology or questions about who was in the sample, things like that. And so what was surprising, I think this year was kind of that ladder didn't happen. It didn't really happen. The critiques that we found are actually very thoughtful, like methodological and engaging critiques. And then we had pretty good back and forths with the authors of those critiques. So I thought that was like really that was cool, actually, and somewhat surprising. Yeah, I mean, other than that, I mean, like the results, I don't think anything was necessarily that surprising in the results this year, per se. You know, they're honestly not terribly different from last year's. And I don't think that's that surprising. I don't think things are going to change in the snap of a finger or things like that. What was encouraging from like a validity standpoint, I think was by expanding the number of schools and including a lot more. There is interesting little nuances when you dive in and look at individual schools and how they explore items compared to nationally. And you can cut, you know, for one example, we surveyed the all five of the Claremont colleges this year, last year we went to the department kind of the year that we had at the other four. And as going through the data and we were writing up kind of a smaller summary of those five, I noticed that at like Pomona College, something like three quarters of the students said the Israeli-Palestinian conflict was this very difficult topic to have an open honest conversation about. And so it's like, OK, so what happened on this campus when it's not happening? Now, like all these other ones, sure enough, there's been a recent controversy over the Israel-Palestine relations on Pomona campus, Pomona College's campus. So like little things like that, I thought were interesting and surprising, but it's like to me encouraging like from a validity standpoint of the survey itself. Well, that's a tricky thing. I mean, American higher education is incredibly decentralized in many ways and local conditions are so powerful. At this point, Sean, just to let you know, I usually pause and say, please submit questions. There are 10 questions already and I haven't anything. But these come from all over the place. So I'll start flashing on the screen. Again, friends, if you want to join us on stage, you can see that it's we're all pretty friendly. This is a question from Annie Epperson. Is fire more concerned with issues of free speech in the classroom or on campus like non-curricular discourse? I'm thinking of free speech zones at a student center or protesting controversial speakers. Say equally concerned about both the policies, you know, the administrative policies that set up things like free speech zones or certain things fires known to, you know, frown upon and urge schools to change in some ways, kind of challenge, expect their unconstitutional will file, legal freeze, et cetera. But there's also a whole arm of fire where we defend faculty and students like pro bono because they've gotten in trouble for things they've said in the classroom or, you know, on campus space, professors in case where they're getting in trouble or maybe targeted for research that they've done or research that they've published. So I would say it's actually it's an equal concern on both.  We only recently expanded to kind of now care about off campus issues. Thank you. Annie, that's a really good question. Thank you. And actually, Annie followed up with another clarifying question. Let me just quickly pop this up. Does fire differentiate between public and private institutions? And are you so or finding different from one to the other? Yeah, we do. We we differentiate between public and private and we even do private like we differentiate between secular and religious institutions. And in those cases, in terms of like our college survey data, broad finding, I could say is one thing we see is with the larger public state schools. Typically, we tend to do better or have better results. I mean, there's clear exceptions. I mean, the U of Chicago has always been one of our top ranked schools. Each year we've done it. And has been in the in the top ten both years we've surveyed them. So it's not a hard and fast thing, but we have noticed this pattern where schools with like a larger student body, which particularly are your more public state universities, students in terms of the scores and the rankings, they do better. Like one hypothesis I have on this is at a smaller liberal arts college or a smaller elite college where there's maybe a few thousand students in the student body, 10, 15, 20, 30, in some cases over 40,000. This has the feel of like a small village almost where almost everybody knows everybody. And so if you kind of run a foul and become like the pariah for something you've said, it probably has a lot more consequences in terms of that smaller setting that it does in a larger setting. In a larger student body, chances are you can probably find other like-minded individuals who share your views and you can feel comfortable expressing them with, et cetera, et cetera. So I think that's one of the broad findings we see. I'll be honest, haven't done much in terms of looking at religions, first non-religious institutions. We have a handful in there. So those comparisons could be done, but haven't looked at that really yet. So I couldn't comment on any differences there. I appreciate that. And Annie, that's another really good question. And friends, if you're new to the forum, those are two great examples of a Q&A box question. I do want to another Q&A box question. This is from our good friend Glenn McGee. He actually has two. And these are both kind of material research questions. And these may be technically, you might want to take these offline. I don't know. But one is he has a public records question. I filed the public records question in Florida, lost the local circuit, lost the Pelec Court, but later found a case that won. How do you reconcile these? Well, fortunately, since I'm not an attorney, I'm not extra. I don't know. I can give you the best answer there. I'm happy to put you in touch with people at FHIR that could give you a thoughtful answer on that. OK. Very good. Very good. And then Glenn had another, again, detailed question. How can we access the survey forum? Oh, yeah. So you could go to rankings at the fire.org. That brings you to, that should bring you to the landing page. Let me just make sure that's it. Yeah, that'll bring you to the landings page, like a landing page where you can see the rankings and download the report. Another way you could access it is if you go to the fire.org. At the bottom of the home page, kind of on the bottom left-hand side, you can click that. That gives you more of a landing page where you can, it lets you view the rankings. You can view the report online. There's a direct link to exploring the data, which there's a dashboard set up online. And then you can download the press release, which is the executive summary. The report in the appendix, the report has all the survey questions with the top line results. Also happy to share the raw data file with anybody that wants it. They can just send an email request to data at the fire.org. Oh, thank you. The CSV file and the code books. So you can analyze the data yourself. Well, that's very kind. Glenn, thank you for those questions. Glenn's a hardcore data associate. I want you guys. I'm sure you'd be happy to see these. We have more questions piling up. I have to stop asking you guys to ask questions, because this is from William Colucci. Is most of the student pushback against free speech not just in the elite schools? So I think the problem that, you know, the pushback problem that you see is probably more cute in the elite schools. But controversies over speech aren't, like they happen on campuses like all across the country. I think regardless of their status. But I would say, yeah, the problem is probably more acute at the, at more of the elite institutions. Some of the schools that were in the, like more in the, like near the bottom of our rankings. This year we started incorporating, we maintained these two databases as well. So campus disinvitation attempts and scholars under fire. And so the latter, the former I think is pretty self-explanatory. What it is, it's like a speaker gets invited to campus and there's a campaign to disinvite them. And so we kind of log if they're successful or not, if the event was disrupted. So we have kind of that data. And then we have scholars under fire, which is a tries to log attempts to sanction. It's not just professors. That's why we call it scholars. It's basically anyone who's kind of participating as an academic. So this could be PhD students who are doing, you know, they're doing peer review research and they're teaching courses. It could be, it's mostly going to be professors and faculty, but it could also be people at postdocs, research fellows who are at like a university center. But the key thing is you're affiliated with a university and you're kind of contributing to the academic discussion in some way. And so we attempt to track attempts to get them investigated, suspended, terminated, et cetera. So we factor this data into the rankings this year. And some of the schools in the bottom 10, they're fairly elites. And they're the schools that have kind of the most attempts to sanction scholars at them. So I think that's one example of it being maybe more acute at some of these more elite schools. Interesting. Interesting. Oh, great question. And thank you for that great answer, Sean. We have another one come up from Michael Meeks at Louisiana State. And Michael asks, are you picking up a reason we have this cancel culture? Shout-downs are acceptable. Do you pick up why? They're reasoning, I guess. They're reasoning. Yeah, so I have ideas on maybe why. So we, but I have my own ideas on maybe why, you know, that kind of brings in other stuff. But we do ask, like I said, we ask an open-ended question after a self-censorship question. So if they say they never feel uncomfortable sharing their views because they don't see these consequences from people like I mentioned before, they don't get the follow-up. But anybody who says anything besides never, we say, can you tell us about a time that this happened? There's a lot in there. But so I think there's a lot of the reasoning for why students push back on certain forms of expression, certain things that are being said. There is this shift. There's been, I think, kind of a normative shift. And you see this in some political science data as well, where previously, like for decades, people with college experience, with a college education, compared to those who didn't have that experience and don't have a college degree, there was like this tolerance gap. And the college educated, that group was always more tolerant, even of the really, like, loathsome speakers who were talking about biological genetic determinations of racial intelligence, like speakers like that. So that gap has vanished in the last decade. And it's primarily because the college educated group has become less tolerant of those more loathsome speakers. And so there's this idea that there's kind of this normative shift where free speech, free expression, this idea, it used to not be contested as a norm. It was considered like this value. And like we talked about earlier, when asked about in the abstract, almost everybody says they value it. They believe it. They think it's really important. But the idea in the political science literature, and I think what we see in some of the comments from students, and they're talking about why things have changed, things like this, I think there's been this shift. It's not like this cherished, like, uncontested norm anymore. It's actually contested. And the value of it is it's being seen as in conflict with other important values that students have. Well, thank you for that very thoughtful answer. And Mike, thank you for that good question probing at this. We have a quick question from Lisa Durf, which I can read to you. I can't share clearly, but she asks, is this a generational thing? And I think you just started answering that, saying that there's a shift, at least in general attitudes. But are you seeing this broken down by age? Yeah. So, I mean, my inkling is, I think it might actually be more of like a generational, like cohort thing, and it's not a college student non. It's not college, non-college. It's more, I think it might actually be more of a generational cohort. We don't have as much data on general public and people that aren't enrolled in college. But we have a few data sets where we survey the general public. I have a data set from about two years ago, where in particular, requested a sample of college students and a sample of equivalent aged 18 to 24 year olds who are not enrolled in college and asked them as similar questions as we could. I mean, obviously you can't ask non-college students about how they feel in the classroom about certain things. But, you know, so try to make it as power as possible. And, you know, what I see in those data sets is there's not much difference. It's the younger, like 18 to 24, 18 to 29 tend to be less supportive of speech and expression than older counterparts. So there is some a bit of a generational skew. Thank you. Lisa, thank you for the question. We have a couple of people who have circled back to ask more questions. Annie Epperson asks a partnership question. Would Fire Routini partner with the American Association of University Professors to help protect and defend faculty votes? Or perhaps even with the American Civil Liberties Union? Yeah, I mean, we've partnered with both organizations in the past on cases, on briefs, on other, like, not on, we haven't partnered with them on any of the survey research that we do or things like that, but we have partnered with them in the past on legal basis in briefs, yes. Okay. Thanks. Good question. And then, again, this comes back to my clumsy attempt at a longitudinal question for you. Glenn asks a much better question, which is what's been the impact of COVID? So that's actually pretty interesting. I'd say so in year two the 20-21 data set which we collected kind of at the peak when there were a lot of students not even on campus, we asked questions, right, the outset, like, basically, are you even on campus and in the classroom? And so that year I think was very interesting in that we found that a lot of students were remote. They still commented on there being these issues. So some students if they were in their first year when they were asked about to elaborate on an open-ended thing about their experience on campus a good number of them noted that they haven't even been on campus yet. They still have concerns about doing it even in these remote settings or whatever or they've heard things, blah, blah, blah. The students that have been on campus an interesting thing we found was we did ask if you've if you have been on campus before you're now taking kind of like remote classes how do you feel about them and it was like an equal, it was roughly equal percentages said that it's about the same, I can express my views, nothing's really changed. But then what was equal with that was no, it's actually kind of more intimidating and worse and, you know, very few said it's easier essentially. So I think one trend there is with the online with being more online I think that could for some students make it more difficult. You know, this is more speculation now because we didn't ask follow-ups on this question but reasons for that could be the sessions are being recorded you know, they're on the screen and everybody can see you and you can see everybody and things like that. So that's speculative but I think there was definitely something interesting going on that year for sure but in terms of the data itself like the questions that we've asked repeated every year the top lines didn't really move around that much on those questions. That's interesting, that's very interesting so we may have something stable that appears from this we have a question that came from on Twitter from our good friend Robin DeRosa wasn't able to make it but she wanted me to ask the question so let me just read this. It's three tweets and I think there's a couple of questions here how does the fire campaign relate excuse me, sorry I missed your point fire has raised millions of dollars for a three-year litigation opinion research and public education campaign aimed at boosting and solidifying support for free speech values. How does the fire campaign relate to the extreme right wing's recent targeting of teachers and curriculum that is ironically branded as a free speech campaign and who were the major funders of this fire campaign and what relationship do they have to the funding of recent legislative campaigns like divisive concepts and don't say gay creatures? First off, we've actually sued the state of Florida over the don't say gay bill and things like that so we've filed legal briefs against these kind of bills going on across the country so our stance on that is we're obviously against them. We think they're a threat to teachers academic freedom in the classroom where we were involved in another example is we were fairly involved in last year at Boise State there was the state of Idaho had passed a bill that potentially was going to limit a number of courses that could be offered at the college level, Boise State in terms of like diversity courses, things like that so we were involved in that so we were our stance on those bills is they're unconstitutional and they threaten faculty and teachers academic freedom and we would challenge them or file briefs against them in terms of the campaign to expand it we do have foundation donors but most of our donors are small donors and individuals it's a lot of alumni from these various colleges that I mean some of the many of them that we've surveyed we have some money from the Stanton Foundation as part of the expansion we have some money from the Koch Family Foundation as part of the expansion we have funders from the left and the right okay so most of the funders are small yeah and then you do have some from the left and the right yeah we have funding from across the ideological spectrum we have a few foundation sized donors that are you know they are larger than the individuals obviously can but the majority of donors are individuals and I'd say mostly alumni of these colleges of colleges across the country oh that's interesting that's interesting I mean obviously that's you know in the last six not even six months it's like I guess it's the last like four or five months that's obviously expanded because of us announcing the expansion and making kind of a PR push so there's probably that's probably diversified and it's not only you know primarily alumni from colleges now but I'd say a good chunk of them are just alumni from these institutions interesting interesting thank you thank you and thank you Robin for that great question always look forward to hearing from you we've got a question from our dear friend and frequent guest Tom Hames who asks a typically provocative and deep question are you saying that colleges should be required to give anyone a podium who wants it no not necessarily but I think you know what we you know what we argue is you know a student group invites a speaker to campus right and their their constitutional rights allow them to do so you know our approach is we don't want the school stepping in and canceling that event we'd certainly oppose a heck of a veto type scenario where a protest of it turns into a shout down and maybe even like an event disruption where in these are certainly rare but they do happen where you know students are pulling fire alarms to kind of disrupt the event and basically drown out the speaker's talk and then if you know there's been a few instances where that's even spilled over into violence so the heck words veto itself is not it's not constitutional because you're limiting other people's ability to hear the speech so those are the types of things we oppose so in those situations where a woldsome decorable speaker has been invited to campus we'd encourage actually there's a good example I think of what happened is like a good contrast of it University of Wisconsin this week Matt Walsh was there and they encouraged a basically there was like a counter protest counter event at the time you know basically to run at the same time and there's like a counter protest and there wasn't a shout down there wasn't like a disruption of the speaking events itself we'd far prefer something like that then I mean at Penn State I mean it's not queer to me it probably was the right call it seems like the crowd was getting there was violence developing in the crowd and there was like opposing groups of protesters but at Penn State this week the cancellation of the Gavin McGuinness event is kind of the flip side or contrast of that and so I think it's like what we would encourage in those instances is hold a counter event might be better to have more people at your counter event at the original event than the speaker itself and then you're also not giving a lot of these lousome speakers I would say their goal actually is to get that rise and get that reaction and so you're not giving them what they want Thank you, thank you Tom has a gift for the for the deft question that goes right through and I appreciate Sean your gift at having a very concise and thoughtful reply Thank you We have more questions coming and I should just say please submit questions and again if you want to join us on stage too just hit the video button we'd be glad to see you and this is a kind of follow-up on the COVID question since the destruction moved online how have things changed do you want to say a bit more about that Yeah so what's interesting is really heavily through the one year it seems like and in this year's data we kept in one of the questions where it was basically like are your classes mostly online mostly in person and all and etc and this year the data shows that it's largely shifted back to mostly in person there are a handful of schools I don't remember them offhand right now but if you go through and poke around in the data there's a handful of schools where they remained I think more online but a lot of schools it seems like have largely returned to mostly being in person I think what changes are likely going to be permanent is like well I think there's going to be more of an option to take remote courses if students want them I think for some students that's great some people learn well in that setting and for other students that might not work so well I'm just thinking I used to be when I was getting my PhD and when I was a post doc I taught plenty at Rutgers so it's like I'm just thinking of for some students I think that would be really great and for other students I think they'd struggle with it just like I think like almost any human it's like some of us these Zoom meetings and some of us I can't really do this every day all day and I need a break from this it's kind of it's very hard if we're demanding so I don't know if I could say much else because I don't think there's much in our data that says that gets more at like what's going on for them in the classroom like in terms of their educational experience like we really stick to like asking about expression in the questions very good and one thing just to make it worse is that we have various terms for this but where you blend face-to-face and online instruction so you know some people are online some people are face-to-face some of us call this hybrid some of us call it iFlex or other terms but it's interesting to think about just in terms of how the online environment is different in terms of speech but let me just get out of the way because we have more questions John Hollenbeck actually from I believe he's from an area asks you a big question what would the ideal heaven of free speech on campus look like? yeah I mean so I guess it would be this place where ideas can be contested including ones that come from different political perspectives and it doesn't there isn't like this air of almost like a persecutory persecuting society students don't I don't think I certainly don't think everybody has to agree I think that'd be kind of boring so I want people to be able to have these disagreements I think like a campus is one reason why the environment was so focused on campuses for so long and why we still continue to care so much about it is it's the ideal environment for modeling this behavior and taking young adults and showing them how to do this so that they then take this when they leave college out into the world like you're creating almost this space where we do have these more hard or complicated discussions that have them we want to be respectful quite I know I'm using like a lot of buzzwords that sound great and it's like I have no idea how to actually make all that happen but it looks like a place where different views can be discussed openly people can disagree sometimes even very strongly but it doesn't evolve into like a need to get the other person like for what they think or what they said that's pretty clear that's a pretty concise and clear answer to John's great question thank you the chat box by the way has just been going like gangbusters and I I want to pull out one theme that came from that which was I'm going to paraphrase this because it happened a couple of times the question of hate speech so if I get this right and people in the chat please correct me if I got this wrong the idea that somebody can support free speech they can say they're supporting free speech as a cover for them saying hate speech those in the chat if you want to just jump on that and flesh that out give it actually some verbs and Sean is that something you want to wrangle with yeah we can we can discuss I don't think anyone has followed this up yet but I think this is one of the interesting problems on campus is the question of hate speech as far as I can tell legally doesn't have much of a standard the Supreme Court has shut this down a couple of times but we still the idea is a popular one just speaking in the US other nations actually do speech national laws I mean is this is this kind of the the bedrock tension here on campus where people actually want to say something which is going to be clearly defined as free speech or as hate speech and they use free speech to cover it up that's I mean it's certainly when I was talking about invited speakers and I mentioned that there's there are Wilson speakers who you could put in like a deplorable box or whatever and yeah I mean I think I think an example of one of these is Milo you know his this is going back a handful of years but 2016-2017 he's doing his tour on college campuses and the entire goal was to be a troll and get a rise out of people because he knew what he was saying is going to offend and he's not really contributing much if at all to the conversation at least on campus and yes there's no legal definition in the United States of hate speech but clearly his views would fall in that category when people say that's hate speech like most people probably would agree that those views fall in the bucket yeah I mean so he's a troll and there's different ways of handling that there's not giving the troll what he wants like that's my kind of preferred method versus you know kicking telling the group that invited him and that's like a different thing that gets put aside for a second there's ways of doing things of how to handle maybe that because it's like the student group invited him so you know the faculty member sponsoring said group there's actually at our conference someone told the story about this happening I don't remember what I think was that University it might have been University of Delaware I'm not sure but essentially I think it was Milo was invited to campus and the faculty member who sponsored the group basically wrote an op-ed in the student newspaper where it said yeah you can invite him you should be thinking about this and like there's gonna be consequences you're inviting him and basically the professor was like if you go forward with the event like I don't oppose you going forward with the event but I'm no longer going to sponsor I will no longer be the faculty sponsor of this group things like that so that's kind of modeling the behavior of it you know at the other end it's like I think Milo wants you to move his speech off campus and he wants you to like basically say don't allow him so he can make a bigger and bigger deal out of it and create this kind of false impression of what a university is like and then he makes money off it I mean he's lost all his money because he's there's other things going on with that guy but you know I that I would prefer to handle it kind of that way because it doesn't give them what they want and doesn't allow them to kind of create this or amplify this like moral panic that an impression that those people want to create that impression but then also you know the history of restrictions on speech and expression and calls for it and yeah it's great to it might be great to basically say oh this stuff is just clearly out of bounds and whatever but the way our minds work is our concepts creep we kind of keep expanding them and what we see a lot of times historically is when we pass things like this that restrict expression they ultimately get turned on the groups whose expression we don't want to restrict that's the problem it becomes a policy it becomes a tool and people can use the noble directions Lisa et al everyone who is who is discussing this thank you very much we have more questions and I want to bring in one this bounces back Sean a couple of weeks we hosted a couple of scholars Michelle and also Jennifer Ruth who have a new book about academic free speech and they had a very interesting argument one I haven't seen before and it was basically that free speech academics so faculty free speech I think they also applied this to faculty free speech should be surveyed by other faculty much like faculty publications should be surveyed in terms of peer review promotion tenure hiring review let me just put this up on the screen Glenn had a phrase of it so he's wondering what do you think of the definition of academic freedom as limited to faculty you know so Sean you're teaching a class on stats and you give a bad definition of a problem another stats colleague should be able to assess that rate and figure you're not going to be teaching it if I'm teaching a class on technology and then I start ranting about the protocols of the elders of Zion then people can say well as a faculty member you're out of bounds and you're saying something that's wrong but then they wanted faculty to assess that and formally they wanted every campus to have a make it this wrong I'm going to say a faculty free speech committee something like that I'm curious and that's a narrow slice of what you're talking about you're talking about faculty and students like but what do you think about that is that something that would make sense for your perspective so I mean I far prefer as someone who like I said I work at a non-profit but I worked at a university I was a grad student and I worked at a university as like a postdoc researcher and a research fellow for a number of years and so I know the setting and I've taught I would far prefer faculty pith ones in charge of reviewing other faculty than administrators like that's for sure I would think that you know the the idea of like some kind of committee like you know on that I don't know necessarily where I would fully stand it almost becomes another than almost like an administrative committee right like so I'm not sure if I would go that far but I certainly am far more comfortable with faculty being like the primary referees of other faculty than almost anybody else well thank you Glenn thank you for reaching back and Sean thank you if you haven't had a chance to check out the book I really recommend it it's beautifully written and I can send you our discussion because the both of them were just great interlocutors now we're coming close to the end of the hour somehow I feel like we just started but I wanted to put in one of my questions which is and Michael Meeks actually came up with this as well if we take a look at your years of analysis three years of data and we extrapolated forward a bit say there's five in the next ten years how do you think colleges and universities will be different and I'm talking about the macro level every college is different and as you expand your data set it may adjust but how how does this you know kind of synthesis this concrete set of beliefs about free speech how might that change higher education moving forward well so one thing I'll say is that I'll draw on another data set first because it's relevant for the future actually the future of the first amendment done by the freedom forum they do this survey every so often every couple years of high school students it's put out a data set from 2022 and just one story short not to get bogged down in it because we're short on time but the current high school students basically their views and support and attitudes towards free speech for expression are lower than current college students so they were comparing data from the night foundation and a recent college students survey they put out so I would say like knowing that there's a potential for some of these trends to continue and maybe some of these speech trends to continue and possibly intensify as these high school students replace existing college students but I also think there's this interesting thing where I think you're starting to see schools I don't want to I don't want to dichotomize it and say like picking a side because I don't think it's actually that's not like it's not an either or choice or conflict but there are certain schools out there that are basically very clearly being like no we're going to go with like the free speech and and others that I think try to they do a number of things but it's maybe not necessarily fully clear to everybody then where they stand on the issue so it's like there's colleges and universities that are taking a very clear stance on being favor of free speech and expression and then there's a lot of others I think it's a bit more murky or we see this in our data we ask about perception I didn't mention this in the beginning on the top lines but we ask a few questions about their perceptions of the administration stance like is it clear that they support free speech and are they likely to defend someone during a controversy and at the schools like U Chicago Oklahoma, McKenna, Purdue places that have had a very clear public embrace of free speech academic freedom expression the students it's clear that the students are aware of this and then other at other universities and colleges it's a lot murkier so one thing I would say is a potential thing we could see is if more and more colleges kind of go that route and embrace it like we should start to see that in the data in terms of administrative questions and then at those schools like the other thing that's that we time to see are and I want to note U Chicago and Coymont, McKenna in particular on this because they have student bodies that are still pretty heavily liberal in terms of how the students identify and when we look at the tolerance for the different kinds of speakers they definitely still favor the liberal speakers by a decent amount like the gap between their averages are still like notable but there's still like two of the top like 20 or 30 schools on tolerance for conservatives so I think there's something going on at schools like that and I think if more and more schools adopted that kind of approach or model we would potentially see that in the data that we collect that's interesting thank you that's that's very nuanced that's I would love to follow this up and the problem is we're so when we do webinars and Q&As like I'm totally willing to always do this if someone wants to just pull all the questions from the chat like I'm willing to like we have a blog we can write up like you know call them kind of I'm sure some of them are similar so distill them into like this is a question but happy to write up some answers to those as a follow up well that's great friends in the chat do you have anyone have any objections let me know I can of course anonymize this as a text file and then send that to Sean at fire and give him a chance so let me know if you have any favorite objections to that and Sean while people are thinking about this what's the best way to keep up with the fires research on this and your own work so you know the fire.org is our main site we have a Twitter as well I'm actually not a Twitter person so you have to give me a second to find what that actually is but we have a Twitter feed too that's a good way like we tweeted out in announcements of this today you know the like I said there's you can sign up for like we have an email letter like newsletter said you get blasts about like that would be all the fires so that would be that would include like our research work etc that would probably be the best ways yeah the Twitter account is thefire.org I figured it was something like that yes well please thank you first of all for keeping for all these wonderful answers I really appreciate your inversion and taking each question so seriously I hate to let you go but I have to let you go take care and we'll follow up alright thanks thanks again Sean but don't leave friends I just want to point out we have a couple of pointers to our next our next sessions and thank you all for just fantastic questions and really really great commentary if you want to keep talking about this we already have some Twitter comments going back and forth hashtag FTT you can tweet at me of course Brian Alexander or Chindig events and of course on Brian Alexander.org I'd love to see that if you'd like to look back into our previous sessions that I mentioned for example Hank Reichman as well as Beurre Bay and Ruth just go to tinyurl.com slash FTF archive where you can see examples of all kinds of discussions about that looking ahead we have sessions on reimagining higher ed campuses and local inequality where you can learn from COVID just go to forum.futureofeducation.us and you can see more and if you have anything you want to share please just shoot me a note I'd be glad to share with everybody else in the meantime thanks again for a terrific terrific discussion I think this was really really rich I hope everybody's doing well in the Northern Hemisphere as it gets cooler and cooler I hope you're staying warm and safe good luck everybody be safe and we'll see you next time online bye bye


Now, there seems to be no end in sight to the killings going on in a regular land of Basa Local Government area of Plateau State. The latest was a late evening attack on Chikun and Zama villages that left eight people dead. When Plus TV News visited the communities, people were seen in groups mourning their loved ones while others prepared mass graves for the burial. Some eyewitnesses spoke, said the attackers came in the company of men dressed in military fatigues and launched their attack at around 8 p.m. And we suspect that the military opened windows for these people to penetrate into our community for this destruction. I want to tell you we are suspecting the military officers. We are not saying they committed a crime by the open windows. If they were not the ones, they were the ones that opened windows the created ways for these people to come and finish our people. So actually we are suspecting them. Today we lost about eight people and tomorrow we don't know what will happen. So I'm calling to the government to do this. We have in our own hands made so much effort to see that this thing come to an end by having a meeting with Folali to tell us what actually what. And we made, we agreed that this thing should stop and we made agreement with them but up to this time nothing is done. We don't know why. Don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


First of all, yeah. That's how my pandemic experience is going. How are you? Today's another Wattpad video in my dudes. Hell yeah, Wattpad. However, it's not Wattpad's wildest today. The series where we read through some of the, just the greatest stories on Wattpad. Today I wanna discuss the question, should we take Wattpad? Seriously. Look, I know I joke around a lot and at the best of times, I'm sarcastic.  But hey, I plan on treating this topic seriously. But look, on a serious note now, okay, jokes aside, let's be real. Let's... Let's get serious. Wattpad doesn't have the best reputation. We all know it. It doesn't have the best reputation if we're talking about measuring literary credibility. Personally, I don't think that's a problem. I think it's silly to expect that every creative platform or medium has to be an upstanding example of excellence. I think that's just... I think it's silly. But I personally believe that the reason that Wattpad has this reputation is because it's developed for itself a bit of a stigma and it's a stigma that comes with a lot of things that are easily accessible. If you don't know what Wattpad is, basically it is a website that is completely free to read through and upload on, basically just where you post stories. It's like an Instagram for writers kind of. That stigma I mentioned that comes with things that are easily accessible, I have another example for you. Think of self-publishing. Self-publishing now is starting to be taken way more seriously than it used to be.  The problem was that anyone could do it. So what you would find is that the market would become flooded with amateur work. And I think that's pretty true. And like I said, I also don't think that's a problem. In fact, I think that's the major appeal of Wattpad. I think that's how a lot of people came to find Wattpad. But it does understandably deter people who are looking primarily for quality storytelling. Not just creative ideas, but stories that are actually written well. These quality stories may exist on Wattpad.   Now it's important that you note that the question I asked was, should we take Wattpad seriously? Not, do you like Wattpad? I actually dig Wattpad. I'll admit, mostly for laughs.  Hey Shrek, you have a juicy green pair of bum cheeks. I may have to ask for a crumb of your whose green will eat the leading dime. But let's say you don't like Wattpad. Fair enough. However, it's impractical to believe that anything you dislike shouldn't be taken seriously. I'm sure you agree. That's a pretty rational point of view. For example, I'm not a huge fan of TikTok anymore. All right, look, I mean, don't get me wrong. I'm only human and I'll still spend an hour or more surfing through it before bed. And there is still a lot of great creative and funny content on there, but I think it's changed pretty drastically since, at least since I came across it. Yeah, there's a lot of people having fun and dancing and making harmless jokes, that kind of thing. But it's almost entirely become saturated now with recycled jokes, these weird like race, gender and political wars. Most of the time between kids, it's just, it's weird. People are very passionately at war with anyone who is different from them on TikTok. People like me, minorities like me. No, so basically what you're trying to say is that she can't make a video using this sound because she's white. Where are the four thug dancers? And then you have thirst traps. Lots and lots of thirst traps and it's almost completely from people who are either way too old or way too young to be doing that, at least on TikTok. TikTok is, well, it's basically become Twitter. So I don't really like TikTok that much anymore. Be that as it may, I can still completely acknowledge that TikTok was, is and I imagine will continue to be a cultural phenomenon. I may not get the whole Charlie D'Amelio hype, but millions of other people seem to. The whole point I'm making with this is simply that it's not usually wise to dismiss a whole platform as being nothing but just silliness and rubbish and poor content. Because while you may feel that way, that platform can very well end up changing the social landscape as we know it. You might be wondering if anyone from Wattpad has actually ever been published. And the answer is yeah. In fact, there's been like over a hundred people. That's obviously not a small number and I imagine I've surprised at least some of you. That's just a, that's, that's another surprise for you. That's, that one's a freebie. Anna Todd with her story after. Beth Riekels with kissing booth. Abigail Gibbs with the dark heroine. Lillian Carmine with the lost boys. Not that lost boys. Nikki Kelly with Layla. And Brittany Garagotellis with what the spell. So something is probably immediately clear. And that is that these stories and many others have something in common. I have quite a few things in common actually. They are all relatively young women with young adult romance fiction stories. Some of them are even. The explanation for this is actually pretty easy. Aside from romance being just straight up the most popular fiction genre and YA especially being the most marketable. Wattpad itself is almost entirely made up of a female audience. On top of that 80% of Wattpad is Young Millennials and Gen Zers. Simply put most of Wattpad is the exact demographic that these stories were written for. These successful stories. I love rom-coms more than I should. But these particular stories, they're just not for me. These young adult female-centric romances do not please, they don't please me. A 26 year old man.  So we've clarified the commercial success through Wattpad is entirely possible. Albeit through a very narrow window. What that tells me is that if you are a writer who specializes in romances intended for a younger perhaps more female audience putting out some short stories or maybe some chapters of the story or trying to sell through Wattpad might actually be a really good idea. However, if you're writing a military action or a full length fantasy novel Wattpad probably isn't for you. You'd probably have to go to a bit of a different platform or something like that.  Am I right? It's for boys. Girls, girls stink. Ew. Oh wait, I just thought of a funny analogy. Do you think Wattpad writers are kind of like the sound cloud rappers of the book world? I'm not throwing shade, I promise. But it's like, I mean... So Wattpad's known for one thing in particular. That's fan fiction.  That's not what I'm referring to in this instance. I'm talking about people taking real people like celebrities and writing a story around them.  Right? I got my magnum condoms. I got my water hundreds. I'm ready to plow. Hey, more power to you, man. When you think about it, it's kind of like just a classier form of masturbation. But personally, I don't ever see that specific branch of Wattpad being taken seriously. And I mean, can you blame them? Further to that, I think those like sexual fanfics of celebrities are probably one of the primary reasons that Wattpad isn't taken seriously outside of that community. The truth is, sometimes it's intriguing. Sometimes it's funny, but most of the time it just feels kind of icky. Again, let me be clear. If you're doing that, that's fine. I don't think it's actually causing any harm at all. But when you really think about it, it's kind of creepy. Okay, imagine you're browsing the web one day and you come across a huge compendium of just hundreds of stories that are exclusively about you banging random people. Not just you banging random people, but like graphic descriptions of your naked body interacting with other random people's naked bodies. It's a bit creepy. I mean, imagine the same thing, but instead of stories, it's a collection of very realistically photoshopped pictures of you and other people, smash and genitals. You and this stranger, you know? Just, hmm? See what I mean? I think you get it. Some people take their intimacy very seriously. That's all I'm getting at. Look, I joke about what pad, but I actually do love it. I think it's a great platform. I think at worst it's creepy, but at best it's a great practice ground for people who might one day become published authors and people who may end up telling a fictional story that you genuinely enjoy. I think it's great that there is a platform, such a huge platform, that is built almost exclusively off creativity.  Maybe. Should we take what pad seriously? Yeah, of course, but, you know, not too seriously.  Thanks for watching. She's got class and style. Free knowledge, but baby, never act wild. Very low key. Catching feelings isn't all. Let me show you how it...


What's up guys, John Hammond here still looking at Pico CTF 2017 So we're moving into the cryptography section of level 2 and this challenge is called so random for 75 points So the prompt here is we found so random dot pie running at shell 2017 dot Pico CTF comm at that port number It seems to be outputting the flag but randomizing all the characters first Is there any way to get the original flag back and that's running Python 2 it says okay? So let's go ahead and get this link here So we can download this Make a directory for us to work in Let's get this source code, and it looks like it is running itself on This netcat connection, so let's connect to that and okay. It gives us the randomized flags Let's take note of that cool, and let's subl to open up sublime text or any text editor that you want to use And let's check out the so random dot Python file Okay, so this is the source code for the for the challenge here looks like it's using the random module and the string module Creating the flag originally from the file on the server, so we don't have that to begin with But we know it should start with flag and that must be why ours starts with that Bnzq here, so we don't need this anymore. Let's turn off like Stop. Thanks So if we were to say flag would equal that originally Let's see what we can do with Reversing this program because it looks like it seeds the random number generator with the random module So when you see the random number generator, it it's the initial value essentially It's like putting up the setting up the program setting up the machine to crunch out random numbers But they're only pseudo random. There is no real notion of a actual random number in computer programs and the hints here kind of points to that so Computers can't really be all that random. So It looks like it is looping through all the characters in the original flag and then rotating them so according to this comments Adding on the encrypted version of the flag based on whether or not it's a character or not so it looks like it is taking a The original old nor ordinal character changing it to a random number that it gets out of the random number generator Mod 26 so it's in the alphabet and putting it back in the base of Where it was in the lower in the alphabet lower case or uppercase getting the ordinal value So this would display something out But if so if I just run this it looks like it's going to run that operation now on the encrypted flag but Since they are seeding the random number generator with a actually constant value like this is a string here This is just random The string the literally the word text random not any number or thing like normally people will try and see to random number generator with The current time because that at least changes every second But that is also insecure and that someone could just okay a line of program to kind of catch up with time once that original program executes and Tinker with that's an attack on pseudo random number generators that use that use time to seed it so since we're seeding with a Constant value that we know we're gonna have the same Random numbers in the same random data output every single time since it's a constant value So if this is what they originally use let's just try and work backwards from what they're trying to do so if they had actually Had this random number added to it. What if we were to remove it? so Let's switch these lines up to not add this random number but subtract it and then if I run this oh boy, okay There is flag right the original text that we expected here and a set of numbers. So this must be it Maybe this is the flag. Let's go ahead and try and submit this submit and Okay, we got it. Awesome challenge done. So what that was doing is just Using this I hate to say algorithm because it's not really an algorithm But looping through that string they originally had this the encrypted version is what we were given So we can take that encrypted version and work backwards by just kind of reverting or negating the operation that they did Adding on random numbers that doesn't matter where or how or in what sequence these random numbers came because we have that Random seed set to the same thing the number sequence will be the same every time. So That will just work out for us Okay, cool. If you guys don't understand that we're definitely going to be working with more Random number generators or pseudo random number generators in later capture the flag competitions I actually I actually even have a challenge of my own that I tried to create where we are seeding a random number generator or a pseudo random number generator with time and we can get around that but This is an easy example of a seeding a random number generator with a constant value So if we know that value then dude, we can just get the exact we can run this code Like execute the same Python script with that same input with that same setup and be done. So that's that Thanks for watching this video guys. Hey, I have to give some love and support to my supporters people They're willing to give me some donations and whatever. I am super grateful for and appreciative on patreon So all of these individuals are phenomenal. This list keeps growing and I am grateful for it And hopefully that will grow a little bit more one dollar a month on patreon We'll give you this little shout out at the end of every video $5 a month on patreon will give you early access to every video that I create before it goes on YouTube and That's that if you want any more incentives, please let me know what other what are the cool things we can do But that's all I've got for right now. Hey, if you did like this video, please do press that like button Maybe leave me a comment if you're willing maybe subscribe And if you really want to support me check me out on patreon or my website www.johnhammon.org. Thanks. See you later


It's going on everyone Sam here with late sports cards. We are ripping 2022 But any absolute football hobby six box half case break number six pick your team style gonna read off our list of names and teams Anthony P. Bucks Austin K Chargers Ben L Packers Charles T. Bill's Patriots Chris S. Steelers Cody H. Panthers Cody M Ravens Dale F. Texans David G. Bears Gail L. Cowboys Lions Dolphins Eagles Harper B. Jags Jason C. Seahawks Jordan S football team Jordan R Jets Justin F. Bangles Justin H. Colts Kyle G. Falcon Saints Manny V. Giants Cardinals Broncos Thank You There Manny Matthew G. Titans Moe M. Chiefs Scott R. Niners Todd C. Vikings Trevor S. Rams Young wound C with the Browns and Zach S. Raiders. Good luck here everybody. Let's do it Oh Is she Blue Dalvin cook to 50 for the Vikings got Marquise Brown Aaron Jones your base Got going to the Chargers burners nine out of 49 Kenan Allen Nice one there absolute burners Chargers And then we've got Logan Hall red Rookie Auto 24 out of a hundred going to the Buccaneers grads Bucks Yes Yeah, I think so two redemptions in this What? TJ Watt 10 out of 50 on the last call Steelers, I don't think that's supposed to happen to be honest. That's weird Got CMC Darren Waller. There's Christian Harris to 275. Yeah, we're only supposed to have one auto in this But we got to we got two redemptions. Look at that. How do you like that? We've got first up is James Cook Rookie Premier Materials Auto Quad Spectrum. That's going to the Bills James Cook That's when their bills and our second redemption is Trayvon Walker Rookie a premiere of materials Auto Quad Going to the Jags. There you go Harper. Oh It's not born anymore. No, I think you only took him in the first five or first. Yeah, first five Nice one there. Congrats Harper. Oh, yeah Yeah, he was there Yeah, one's there Got Jalen Hertz to 75 for the Eagles Lajemore and Debo saying We've got team tandems three-color three-color 19 out of 49 go into the Titans Malik Willis Traylon Burks nice one there Oh boy, oh boy What's up everybody and we got Davis Mills on the base auto. Oh, yeah, Nick Mills Oh boy future Ravens fan right there I'm not no we're out Sounds good It's just like they're just so different than I know human being you know such it's just a miniature human being Yeah, it's kind of wild hard to concept the grass.  I don't have any kids Yeah, right. We've got stargazing Josh Allen to a hundred for the bills base and base Got number to 275 Devin Lloyd For the Jags on the rookie base and Then we've got Jalen Tolbert 398 out of 399 almost bookend for the Cowboys Jersey Jersey Yeah Because there's there's no like thin stock outside of like inserts All right, we've got Alvin Kamar to 75 on the orange Marcus Mariota Trevor Lawrence Sam Howell jumbo patch 14 out of 49 nice one there commanders. These must be case hits Like one per case nice one there. That's sick They're kind of nasty And then tools of the trade two out of 49 Jonathan Taylor ice when they're Indianapolis, that's just an H Jersey Jersey ball Yeah, yeah, not bad. Let's go dude Take that for sure. We have Mitchell Trubisky to a hundred Robbie Anderson drew lock legend So as of the trade of Monross ain't round 118 out of 199 nice one there for the Lions Jersey ball followed by a Justin Ross 23 out of 75 on the hollow autograph for the Chiefs Clemson legend Orange Josh Jacobs the 75 Raiders Base Kirk Cousins and Jerry Duke Rookie force going to the Texans John Mechie 29 out of 49 nice one there Houston and then we've got sauce Gardner 17 out of 35 for the Jets congrats on that one Jets first saw no second sauce ain't we've seen today Sauce purple Cam Taylor Brit two out of five nice one there low number rookie for the bangles Got two out of five in a gold at a time in this one. It's kind of wild Javante Derek Karp your base Santa Ridge for a 171 out of 199 hunter run from super nice Silent fan Every as a group that'd be lit and we've got Bailey Zappy nice eight out of 25 going to Patriots Congrats on that New England. It's our first Zappy. We've seen today There's like the one big guy. We're missing nice one there Oh, yeah Luge mall Adams let's boy 12 out of the 50 Seahawks Stargazing they're pretty cool Kaboom there it is And it's gonna be AJ Brown that's so sick go into the Eagles Philly gale L congrats gale top Kyle Wow if there was one I could have picked to have seen today It probably would have been that one really that's awesome, dude. I say Jay Brown kaboom Let's go dude get that into a mag for you gale here strong jr. It's a 275 And Johan Datsun 134 out of 199 rookie premiere jersey auto. I don't think do you send me something on Instagram? I haven't looked at it yet Kyle. Yeah, I'll take a look. I'll take a look at some point today, Kyle Give you my reaction Yeah, last call Ambrie Thomas for the Niners 100 Perfect for you because you're three you're three flakes three flakes the actual three-year-old Johan Datsun the 275 this is where the spider-man water bottle originates right here Even here when the spider-man water ball thing happens. So I just have no idea where you're 13 out of 49 Desmond Ritter going to the Falcons of the base is behind it, but I wasn't here I know Sean was like flustered about something over there about like getting a bunch of boxes for something And he goes because he left your water bottle there. He goes and now we have spider-man water bottles. I Am Sick of it. That's what he said something like that. He's like what what is this a daycare? Oh, that does mean Blake's three I'm three exactly for tonight. I'll I'll stand by that one. I love for Yeah, Sean plays for tonight, so we call him free for that all the time now from Robinson jr. To 75 for the Commanders Because he is great Darnell Mooney and Carson Wentz. Oh, it's an excellent sick going to the Ravens team Tandems Kyle Hamilton Marlon Humphrey all pro Marlowe There we go. Nice one there Ravens. I like that card. I'm happy to get that Congrats Ravens, and we've got going to the Commanders Curtis Samuel three of five spectrum signatures Nice one there. Congrats Commanders, and then the what are you three thing came because I wanted to play against Sean and Ski ball at David Buster's that was the first game that came to my mind. He's like Ski ball. What are you three? I'm like Ski ball is fun. He's like, yeah, if you're three It's one of your three. What is this Chuck E cheese? God James and Williams do a hundred for the Lions. Yeah big boys play Guitar hero, yeah, true and that's answer evolution Javante Williams Derek Carr on your base Auto is gonna be or no not auto 10 out of 25 Antonio Gibson. That's that's what it's cool You don't see a lot of this guy's autos. We've got going to the Rams. How about a Matt Stafford? That's sick. There you go Rams. Congrats, LA It's Matt Stafford auto. That'll work. I've been playing a lot of cod still Yeah, I'm gonna get a switch for Christmas and I'm gonna get Can't wait. I want to get I want to get both of them I'm gonna get Arceus and play that first really then play Scarlet Violet. Yeah, because I have a Arceus, that's why But like the next one. I don't think he's in the other one I'm not even gonna play this story. I'm gonna go immediately after Kangaroo so he can be my buddy and run around with me What? Laughing at my favorite Pokemon? No We've got Red, Devo, Samuel to 100 Kangaroo? Not many There's 250 points. That'll be a random to everybody at the end Josh Allen, Dishon Watson And Belish Jones Jr. 13 out of 25 war room materials on a two-color patch Josh Jacobs, Skye Moore to 275 for the Colts Got Orange, Josh Allen 45 out of 75 stargazing And then going to the Jets, Garrett Wilson 10 out of 99 Jersey Club Ball Jersey I swung their Jets, Garrett Wilson Hit reporter Here's Jonathan Taylor 18 out of 15 for the Colts Nice one there Colts Bass of Brandon Cooks and Dalvin Cook Got Groundhogs 95 out of 99, Givante Williams. Nice one there for the Broncos last team take and they're one of last teams take And then this is sick. Jamal Charles 19 out of 20 on the auto. Congrats Chiefs Mo-M. Yeah. Yeah for sure It's a big hit right there. Wait, so is the new Mandalorian that we have the product? Is that the one in the Tins? No, that's Boba Fett. That's Boba Fett. Yeah. What is Mando? Mando's the... Mando's the box. The box, gotcha Is that what you want? Or you said you were going to toss it over the first one? The box or the uh... Not the, not the Tins. Not the Tins. Gotcha. Chris Carter. Draft diamonds to 75. Although there is Cad Bane Autos in the Boba Fett cell. Ooh Khalil Shakir to 275. That's that's tempting for you that's tempting First-ever auto. And then Erica Zucana to 399 for the Dolphins 3 59 out of 399 rookie premiere rookie jersey ball jersey auto Because there was this first-ever live action appearance. Gotcha. So we had an actual uh Act for actor another voice actor. Gotcha. Probably didn't put a voice actor. I know I've actually just thought that as well. Yeah There's Jaylen Betray to 75 for the Texans. Nice one there starter on defense. James, Terry McClourn. Got nice. To those of the trade go to the Cardinals. Kyler Murray 5 out of 99 call it duty Kyler Ball jersey sock glove Congrats Cardinals And then Jordan Davis 49 out of 100 10 girls has a card in paradigm trigger. Just like a newer set in Japanese. It's actually kind of funny Dude, it's awesome. I love 10 girls. 10 girls is the man, dude. It's my favorite Pokemon ever So I pulled that card. I DM'd you that one time. That's a fire card. That's actually a cool card. The dread? My god, he's like one of my best Pokemon go. He's like my favorite best You gotta get that one. Yeah, I've been watching that one on ebay. I've been watching that one on ebay That's a that's a that's a actually really nice card. Yeah great foils are sick gold of mac jones That is nine of ten second year mac jones There you go pats that's the effort deke Going to the Jags. We've got Trayvon Walker on the jumbo patch Nice one there 40 out of 49 This next one's really sick going to the dolphins tools of the trade jersey ball auto jalen waddle That's really cool Nice one there for the dolphins. We do this points random really quick guys. We're going to random off 250 points She beats Yeah, I was kind of surprised that he is an auto in this Yeah, honestly All right guys once again doing the random for 250 points to give her the random screen uh, gonna roll the dice whatever team is on top after Uh, nine times we'll get the points. Good luck everybody one two three four five six seven eight and nine go to the bills bills picking up the Uh, 250 points We'll do a quick recap here guys Jerseys Kyler Murray. Oh, I'm still on that Kyler Murray for the Cardinals Uh, Gimante Williams for the Broncos vilish jones bears uh, Antonio Gibson commanders team tandem drabens Trayvon Walker jumbo jersey Jags Got a Hunter renfro to 190 on Raiders Monro St. Brown Lions John Mechie for the uh, Texans Sam Howell jumbo commanders team tandems titans burners keenon allen charger Our autos now we had Jalen waddle for the dolphins Uh Jamal Charles chiefs Garrett wilson jets matt stafford rams curtis samuel commanders desmond better falcons uh, eric has a common dolphins John dots and commanders bailey zappy, uh, patriots sauce gardener jets. Justin ross chiefs jaylon tulbert cowboys jonathan taylor for the colts Logan hall bucks davis mills, uh, Texans. We've got jordan davis for the um eagles uh, Trayvon Walker Jags James cook bills And a kaboom a j brown for the eagles I'll do it for the break there guys. Thanks again for the fill next up. We've got a full case


Welcome back to the channel we've known that our theme is going to look like this so we need to take the next steps to start adding this little banner where we can always add our discounts and so on we've already added our logo and now we need to work on the navigation next we'll work on the header here and next we shall work on these parts where we can pick out a highlighted feed and just talk about how much time it will take to deliver and then we can just put our shopping cart on the side here but to structure all this out we need to use bootstrap as we had agreed so right now I'm going to get bootstrap and drop it inside our theme so let's go to the bootstrap website so when you get to the bootstrap website you have a couple of things you have to do for example you have to add the CSS you have to add the JavaScript so what I would rather do is just have the bundled version and just get everything out of the way so I'll copy this here and I'm going to come and add all that code that we need to add bootstrap inside our theme folder so I'll just paste it down here and then we're going to need our CSS from here so I'll copy that as well and then I'll paste it inside our editor and then we're going to start stripping this and enqueuing the way JavaScript and the way CSS should be added inside our WordPress so there is a way to do that so we'll need a hook and this is an action hook and inside this we're going to need the hook which is wp underscore enqueue scripts and then we shall add our callback function which we shall of course give our prefix which is our techiepress and then I'll just add this here to make it easy for me to come up with names and then we'll start writing our function right here so of course this is the named function so I have to add the name of the function there and then add our brackets so the next thing that we need to do is we need to know that this function is going to add scripts and style so we need to have the wp underscore enqueue script now this is going to take in our javascript and it's going to take in a handle which is going to be more like an id so I'll add this id and say this is going to be bootstrap and then we shall call this jquery so we shall have the bootstrap jquery which is this piece that we have here we have jquery running in WordPress by default but I might want to load this version so that it works well with my bootstrap so I'm going to have bootstrap jquery and then I'm going to add its source which is the link so I'll get this https and get this minified version and then I now need to add the dependencies that this file needs and this file doesn't need any so I'll just leave this as an array because that's expected inside this particular hook there's an expectation of the dependency then I'm going to add a version here so I'll add a version of let's say 1.10 and then the next thing that I will do is I need to tell WordPress that our code will be sent in the footer the reason we do this is because JavaScript is best loaded after the whole DOM has been loaded when I talk about the DOM I'm talking about we want our logos we want all our content to have loaded I'll show you this by inspecting this page when you look at all this code we want to have our head load our body load then right before we close the body allow JavaScript to come in and this is because JavaScript is more behavioral it does not bring in our content it does not bring in our style it just adds behavior to what is already existing which is the content layer so let's go and fix that so we'll add that to the footer so I'm going to change this and send it in as true now once we've done this we need to add a semicolon so that this doesn't break and I'll duplicate this because we are also going to add our bundled bootstrap so I'll copy this here and then add it here so instead of having bootstrap jQuery which is already an idea of this we need this to be very unique so I'll call this the bootstrap bundle and now this bootstrap bundle is going to have this link it will have the dependency on this jQuery bootstrap so I need to add that right there and then of course it will be version one and then I'll also call it to true so that it will be sent in the footer and I'll save that and then we can take out what has been added the next thing that we are going to do is actually wp nq and we're going to nq the style nq style loss expector handle so call this a bootstrap css I'll copy this add this here and then just call this css we'll add our source which needs to be this link of bootstrap so check this change it next thing we're going to do is add a dependency and we don't have any dependency whatsoever and then we'll add a version which is the same as 1.0.0 just like our bootstrap up here and then next we need to add the media this should apply to and I'm going to choose all because we want it to be on the mobile we want it to be on the screens we want to be on tablet and all other features bootstrap ready gives us that leeway to do all of that now next I am just going to take this out save this because it's all clean and next I'm going to do is come back here to inspect my page I'm going to go to the console to make sure I don't have any issues I'll reload this page and on reload we'll see that our bootstrap is actually showing up however our javascript if I turn this off just to see the javascript you will see that it's not there and the reason it's not there is because we've sent our javascript in the footer but the footer is not loading so in order to have our footer running we shall open up our footer.php file open it with our php tags then next we're going to run the wp underscore footer function terminate it and then we can always escape this and then close off our body and then the next thing we shall close off the html of course I need to put this slash here to show that we are closing off the body I'll tab it to make it more readable and save this and then on our front page we're going to add the final piece to the puzzle which is get footer because that's the way we shall expose our bootstrap inside the footer on our page when we come back here and reload you will see that we're actually getting a lot more javascript coming in and if we scroll through here you will see that before we didn't have the wukamas and all these other files that are loaded in the footer we're getting the new javascript from code.jquery.com and we have our bundle of javascript showing up here so we have both the javascript.js and we have the bootstrap bundle also showing up here now that we have both of those and the bootstrap css working we can then go on to style our page so I'll just have a quick look at what we are supposed to do and then I'll start adding some information so we'll go back to our bootstrap here and then we'll see what we are supposed to do next so with this you can know what your bootstrap is going to look like so I'll use this div of container fluid I'll come back here in my code close off these other pages that I don't need to edit right now and I'll choose to add this here I'm going to escape the php open it up again so that we don't have anything breaking so I'll come to bootstrap and see what I actually need right here so since I just need this exactly I'm going to copy it I am able to add my html so I'll put this other class of container I'll make this dash fluid so that it's always running we'll have our row and then I'm going to have two divs in here so these divs will always be equidistant they will be equal in terms of size so I'll need this to be called dash 9 and then I'm just going to call this call so that we have nine pieces of this and then we shall just have this take out the rest of the space should it be needed now in here we're going to have a paragraph and this paragraph will have my lorya mipsam so I'll add 10 pieces of data in there and then once we are here I'm going to add this with a button this button will have the stay connected and then I'm going to add a class here of button I'll have a class of button there with button large I'll add orange background inside my code and we're now going to add this style in the background we need it so I'll add it so on reload we're going to see that we actually have this here and our button which does nothing our image is up here we need to change that in the near future but I now need to add our style of orange background so I'm going to create a new folder in my themes folder which is called assets I'll add CSS and JavaScript then in here I'm going to add a new file which I'll call style.css now inside here is where I'm going to add our orange background and I'll give this a background color of orange and I'll save this now it will not show up until I enq that style to our front end so I'll duplicate what we did with the bootstrap here I'll call it techie press food css and then of course we are going to need the location of this file so what I'm going to do is use the get style directory URI which is a function in wordpress to get us to the directory where this style.css is seated or the root folder of our theme and then inside there we're going to add the word assets add CSS then add style.css and I'll leave everything the same as is and I'll save this come back here reload and you will see that we have our orange background in there with our image now I need to take this up and bring our logo down and you will see that our structure sort of changes now this is going to be on a number of pages it's going to be above the header so what we need to do is just get this whole template that is here cut it come back to our header and then just put it just below the body we have it there I'll tap this in to make it more readable and then of course do the same for the button and the paragraph and then save this so if I reload it you will see that we have our banner that screams right up here and then we'll have our logo down here so I need to make them a bit more boxy inside bootstrap itself so let me change this up this markup a little bit to make it work for me and make everything go inside so I'll duplicate this to make it too of course close up the div I'll duplicate this and bring it down to match the space on both sides then I'll tell this to take up the space of about six and this will take up the space of two so I'll save this come back here reload and we'll see that we have our space that is in the middle I just need to make sure that our content is actually floating in the center so I'll add a new paragraph style for here and I'll call this banner add paragraph and then that button I'm going to change it to light so that takes up the light mode version and I also call it button stay dash connect so I'm going to need both of these classes and then I'll add them to my stylesheet that's custom so I'll copy this save this here come back here then I'll add the individual pieces of styles so I'll get that paragraph I'll get the button itself to show up and then I'll start styling since they are empty that's why you're seeing my editor screaming at me but I'm going to take away the border radius for this so I'll just say border zero in this case then for our paragraph I'm going to just say the margin should be the same both top and bottom so I'll say one ram for both of them and then of course the left and right is going to be zero so let me save that and you will see that this is balancing in the middle however our button is not so so let me do the same for our button to make it float in the middle up and down then of course we'll turn off the border and I'm going to make this important because it seems like bootstrap is taking over this so I'll reload it the button is okay I'll just add some little padding to make it cleaner so border dash radius I'll change the border radius to zero and then I'll change our color of our text I'll change it to black and then save this come back here reload you're going to see that we have our corners are now much straighter this is okay as connected you can change it to uppercase here and then maybe give it a little bit of padding to make it look nicer so I'll add a padding of about 10 pixels by 20 pixels so I just want to have a padding left and right so I'll have a padding left and then I'll have a padding right 2020 just to add on something and then we are going to change this to always be text transform uppercase so that whatever way we bring in our data it will always be uppercase I'll reload this and voila we have what we needed here just like in our image so we are next going to go to change our logo and then add our navigation in the next video so thank you for watching and enjoy your day


Hi, Joey here, Lenovo CES 2020, bringing you the Levy Pro Mobile, a new partnership between Lenovo and NEC computers, bringing the best of Japanese computing to the US. This is the world's lightest laptop. It weighs 1.85 pounds or 839 grams. It is made of eight. Is it real laptop? Yes, it's a real laptop. It's magnesium lithium bottom, racing grade carbon fiber top. It features eighth generation Core i7, 15 hours of battery life. This thing, it weighs like nothing. It's less dense than your phone. You can really toss it around.  What kind of ports you have? What kind of ports? The ports. Oh, ports, sorry. We have audio port, SD, USB-C, charging and display port, Kensington lock, HDMI, USB 3.1 and another USB-C port. And this will be available in the US starting March 2020 for $15.99. What's the logo? The logo, that is the Levy logo. So Levy is the branding for the new personal computers brought to the US by Lenovo and NEC.  Yes, NEC is one of the, if not the, leading computing company in Japan. So we're very happy to be able to bring their technology to the US. So what's the materials here? Materials, we have a magnesium lithium bottom, which allows us to have such a light and sturdy chassis. And then for the top display, we wanted to make sure the display would be a bit more protected. So we gave it a racing grade carbon fiber top. This can withstand a 76 centimeter drop. It can do about 49 kilos of force on top. So it's a very strong laptop. And the performance? The performance, 8th generation Core i7, 8 gig of RAM. This thing will be able to integrate a graphics Intel 620 HD, will be able to handle any of your everyday work productivity tasks. All right, cool. So coming out quite soon, no? Yes, March 2020.