It's been reported that essential oils show not only anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities, but also anti-viral activity. But it's also been reported that Bigfoot kept Lumberjack as love slave. What does the science show? How about pitting essential oils against HSV1, the herpes virus that causes cold sores? There's a drug called acyclovir that helps, but now there's drug-resistant strains, and so they were looking for other alternatives, and they found that a variety of essential oils at a concentration of just 1% could totally suppress the replication of the virus, including tea tree oil, peppermint, and on down the list. But this was in a Petri dish. What about in people? Precurrent cold sores affect as many as 20 to 40%. Tea tree oil appeared to work in vitro, so they undertook a randomized placebo-controlled study to evaluate the advocacy of topically applied tea tree oil in the treatment of recurrent cold sores.  But none of the differences between groups reached statistical significance, meaning that small a difference could have just been due to chance. They blamed the sample size, but maybe tea tree oil just didn't work. It'd be interesting to put lemongrass oil to the test, since it was the only one still effective at wiping out viral activity at even 10 times lower a dose, 0.1%, but it doesn't look like that's ever been done. What about warts? Warts are caused by viruses, too. Irish researchers reported a case of successful topical treatment of hand warts in a pediatric patient with tea tree oil. A 7-year-old girl with 6 warts on the tip of one of her fingers so heavily clustered as to distort the appearance of her finger interfering with her writing and piano lessons, she had undergone the standard caustic treatment where you paint them with acid, but they just came back with a vengeance. So her doctors figured, what the heck, and suggested applying straight tea tree oil and, after five days, all warts had considerably reduced in size and another week they were all gone and they didn't come back. Not bad compared to conventional wort treatments, which can be really painful, whereas in this case the tea tree oil appeared to work with no side effects, only affecting the warts in contrast to the standard acid treatments which can damage the surrounding tissue. So they make an urgent call for randomized controlled trials, but who's going to fund that? It's like pennies per dose, but the reason we particularly like to see randomized trials for wort treatments is that they tend to get better on their own, disappearing without any treatment, typically within a year or two. That's why since antiquity it's been believed that warts can be removed by various magical processes.  Surprisingly, such charming of warts was actually put to the test and had no effect on the warts. It's interesting how they do these studies though. Like this study on whether warts can be prayed away, they used a placebo prayer, so people didn't know whether they were in the prayed for group or not to exclude the possibility that they mind over mattered their own wort cure. That's been put to the test too. They used a magic wand secretly connected to a circuit, such that it like tingled when that wand touched the wort to maximize the placebo effect, and the patients were mostly unsophisticated negroes, wrote these 60 scientists. Yet despite their purported deep belief in magic, more warts actually disappeared spontaneously in the untreated group compared to the magic wanded ones, with no hint of the mere suggestion of magical cures being effective. I was surprised studies like this were not only performed, but published in decent journals. Evidently, publication followed a considerable debate among the journal editors, but they wanted to keep an open mind, they said, but not so open that their brains fall out.


In today's video, we will try and identify the effect of a nucleophile on the rate of an SN2 reaction. But before we proceed, why don't we just recall the mechanism of an SN2 reaction? In this reaction, the attacking nucleophile Y- attacks the carbon that is attached to the leaving group X and X- leads. All this happens in the same step. So the stronger the attacking nucleophile, the more easily it would attack, the faster it would attack and the more would be the rate of the reaction. So yes, one of the factors that affects the rate of an SN2 reaction is a nucleophile. So why don't we compare a few nucleophiles to understand this concept better? Which of the following nucleophiles is the strongest? And we have the options as N2-, OH-, F- and Cl-. Well, if the nucleophile or if this negatively charged ion is stable, why would it want to attack? Right? So a strong nucleophile would be the one that isn't really stable alone. It really wants to attack that electrophilic. So we can say that the reactivity or the strength of a nucleophile is inversely proportional to its stability. Great! So all we have to do is compare the stabilities of these four ions and the one that's the least stable would be the strongest nucleophile or we can say it would be the most reactive nucleophile, right? And how do we compare the stability of anions? Right! Electronic effects. We start by looking at the atom on which the negative charges. Then we compare the sizes, then the electronegativities and if we are not coming on to a result using these, what comes handy? The inductive effect, the resonance, etc., etc. So let's begin. Hey chlorine is the largest, right? And since the chlorine atom is the largest, the chloride ion is the largest, so the charge is spread out more and the charge per unit area is less, the chloride ion is the most stable. What about the rest? Well, all three belong to the same period. So there's not much difference in their size. But we can think of electronegativity. There is more electronegative than oxygen and oxygen is more electronegative than nitrogen. The one that's the most electronegative one would have the highest tendency to keep the shared pair of electrons towards itself or also to keep the electron density towards itself. So one that's most electronegative would keep the electron density or the negative charge in a much stable manner than the other two, correct? So F minus would be more stable than OH minus which would be more stable than NH2 minus. So what would the stability look like? 4 is more stable than 3 which is more stable than 2 which is more stable than 1 and therefore what would the reactivity look like? Well, exactly opposite to this, correct? So the strongest nucleophile would be NH2 minus. Let's go to the next problem now. Identify the stronger nucleophile, CH3O minus and PHO minus. Stability or the strength of a nucleophile is inversely proportional to stability. Here in either case the negative charge is present on the oxygen atom. Okay, what do I look at now? Well, the attached species. In the first case it is attached to CH3 while in the second case this oxygen atom is attached to the benzene drink. Which one would be more stable? Well, the CH3 group is an electron donating group. It would push electron density towards this oxygen atom via sigma bonds. It would be depicting a plus i effect. The oxygen atom already has a negative charge and somebody is pushing more electron density on it. It would be unstable, right? It wants someone to take away this electron density and that is exactly what the benzene drink does. The benzene drink withdraws electron density via resonance and this negative charge would delocalize throughout the entire ring, correct? So which one would be more stable? The second one would be more stable than the first one and therefore the stronger nucleophile would be the first one. Now this is the usual way of doing it. What about when they specify the solvent? Does the solvent play a vital role in deciding the strength of the nucleophile? Let's find out. Well, here we will be comparing the strength of the following nucleophiles in different solvents. On the left hand side we will compare their strengths in water while on the right hand side we will compare their strengths in DMSO. Well, water is a polar protic solvent while DMSO or dimethyl sulfoxide is a polar A-protic solvent. There is no edge here. The electrophilic center is not hydrogen, it's sulphur here. So what's the difference in these cases? Well, do you folks remember anything about solvation or hydration? Whenever there is an iron in water, the water molecules try and hydrate it. There is an iron dipole interaction and this iron gets hydrated. The partially positive hydrogen from the water molecules surround the negatively charged nucleophile. So which one would be more hydrated? The stronger that negative charge is, the more it would attract these polar molecules towards itself. But here all three have the same amount of charge that is minus one, correct? But their sizes are different. So the smaller the size of the iron, the more concentrated the charge would be and the more concentrated the charge would be, the more it would attract the water molecules towards itself. So which of the three would be hydrated the most? It would be the fluoride iron and the more hydrated it is, the more water molecules would be around it and its effective size would increase. So if we are asked which of the following would have the largest effective size in water? So let's say their original sizes look something like this. Once they get hydrated in water, their effective sizes would look something like this. Since fluoride iron is the most hydrated one, it would have the largest effective size and now this large size thing has to go and attach itself to an electrophilic sector. Do you remember how an SN2 reaction is a single step reaction? This large sized iron has to come and attack it. Wouldn't it be facing a lot of steric hindrance? So wouldn't it be a good nucleophile? No, right? So in water which would be the best nucleophile? It would be bromide iron. But what happens if we take these ions in DMSO? Well, the electrophilic center in DMSO is pretty hidden, isn't it? There's this and then there's these big groups attached. It is not really oriented well enough to try and surround these negatively charged ions well. So there would be no solvation in this case. Fluoride iron would have the smallest size, it would have the most concentrated charge and therefore it would be the strongest nucleophile out of three.


Welcome to the Tick-Mill Update, I'm Kiana Daniel, the founder of the Investiva Movement. Before we get started, if you haven't already, make sure to subscribe to the Tick-Mill YouTube channel and support us by liking and sharing this video with your friends. On Tuesday, we found out that the U.S. factory orders increased by 1.8% in December, the U.K. construction output fell at the lowest pace since May 2019, and who may confirm the 3,156 new coronavirus cases, which is pretty scary. And the White House top economic adviser said the coronavirus could delay a surge in U.S. exports to China, which was expected from the phase 1 trade deal that's set to take effect later this month. On Wednesday, the ECB president Lagarde speaks in Paris, and we'll be looking for the ISM non-manufacturing services composite for January from the U.S. to be released. Today, I'm looking at the Aussie dollar pair, again, it looks like the support level of 0.6689 that we've been eyeing in the past couple of weeks held strong, and we could see the pair create a brand new uptrend in the medium term. The pair has yet to break above the H&M Cloud, even on the 4-hour chart, so the new bullish sentiment is not yet fully confirmed, you could even see a little bit of a pullback before it goes back on. By short-term traders with high-restaurants could be eyeing this as an interesting bullish position. The next resistance level is set at 0.6760. Now do you think the Aussie dollar pair losses has finally ended and bright days are ahead for the Aussie? Get over to the comment section and let me know, of course trading with financial markets involves a risk of loss and you should only trade the money that you can afford to lose. If you liked this video, give it a thumbs up, subscribe to the Tigma YouTube channel and I'll get back to you with more updates tomorrow.


A.T. Ray says my watch, now running WatchOS 10, told me the other night that it was optimizing its charging. Of course, he says being ready for bed, I wasn't sure what it meant. Now my Apple Watch Ultra only charges to 80%, just like my new shiny iPhone 15 Pro. The best feature they have adopted from Android. I rarely use 50% of my battery on my watch. Now it just charges to the right spot and stops. And indeed there is optimized charging not just on the watch for some models. I believe it is Apple Watch SE and then Series 6 and later. So the WatchOS 5 or Series 5 watch that I have is not that. But yeah. Interesting. Yeah, and this is also, this also exists on the iPhone 15 as well that I noticed with my iPhone 15 Pro but I know that it is there for all of them. As Apple said, there's a new, so on the iPhones with iOS 16 and iOS 17, we've had the option to turn optimized battery charging on or off, right? But with the iPhone 15, we have one more option and that is so we have no optimization. We have optimized battery charging which is the old way of doing it where it gets you to 80% overnight and then stops and then resumes charging from 80 to 100 at some point just before you wake up so that it's not just sitting at 100 all the time or for long periods of time, which Apple has determined is not optimal for battery longevity. Now what Apple has added to the iPhone's 15 is a third option that they call the 80% limit. It gets you to 80% and stops. It doesn't go any farther. Does it ever go above 80%? Yes. Apple says with the 80% limit enabled, your iPhone will occasionally charge to 100% to maintain accurate battery state of charge estimates. I don't know where I got charge from. I don't know, I don't know what that is. The new word. Yeah, what is charge? Word of the day, charge-ness. What is charge-ness? Aaron wrote in, he said my iPhone 12 battery was around 84% maximum capacity and it had very little battery life. After deciding I would hang on one more year, I went to the Apple store to change the battery. What I did not expect was that the phone magically became brand new fast. I mean, it was like a snappy new device beating through all the tasks again with iOS 17. He says that I knew that Apple throttled the phones, but I didn't realize how much. Based on this, I would recommend a battery change if your battery's maximum capacity is in the mid 80% range and you notice your phone is being slow. For $93 for a brand new experience, that's worth it. Keep up the good work, Aaron. So that's awesome. That's surprising. I didn't think that this... I knew that this would start to happen at some point. I didn't know that it would happen at 84%.


I had an opportunity to work with Queens University as one of the top division two men's basketball programs in the United States and their previous coach Bart Lundy is a good friend of mine and he has broken it down at Queens University that there are four key stats in the game of basketball that heavily impact whether or not they win the game. When the final buzzer went off. For those of you that follow basketball, these will be blatantly obvious. For those of you that don't, I'll do my best to drop the breadcrumbs to make them obvious. Number one, turnover differential. Number three, free throws attempted and last is three pointers attempted when Queens University comes out on top and those four stats, they win 97% of their games. What do you think coach Lundy and his staff talk about, remind and emphasize before every workout, every practice, every film session and before every game? Those four things.


Today we're opening a 2003 Dark Magician 10. What's up, guys? We're back with another epic video. And as you saw, we're opening that Epic 10. But before that, we're going to do a giveaway. I'll be giving away this Battles of Chaos first edition booster box.  Let me know what you want to see out of this booster 10, booster pack, 10. 10 with booster packs in it. What do you want to see? We also have a few other packs to open. We're going to be opening 10 OTS tournament pack 18 for some Ultimate Rares and a Shadow Spectre special edition. So I think that'll be fun as well. Essential Ghost Rares in there. So let's get right into it. Let's see what we can pull. Okay, let's start with an OTS tournament pack 18. Let's go. Let's see what we can get. Ultimate Rares in here. So let's see if we can get one. We've got the Monju and the Destiny Hero Dash. This was epic. Now it's like a dollar, I think. Monju was also epic, but they keep reprinting it. So it's probably not epic anymore. Rip IOC $3 comments. Now more like a dollar or less, unfortunately. Let's try another pack. We have the Gulver, the Nordic Ascendant. We got the Phantom Knights of Silent Boots and the Monk of the Tiny. This was a couple of bucks as well. We're gonna have to check that out. I don't know how those prices have changed for that, but we will have to see. Next pack we have Diverge of the Nordic. We got the Ghost Trick Break and Destiny Hero Dash for again. Okay, too bad it's not 15 bucks anymore, but let's go into this special edition real quick before we get back to those other packs. But wait, did you know that Mega 10 2022 pre-sales are out? Use my code MightyRucksin30 if you wanna get $30 off with Sasiato's link. It also supports me as well. If you haven't heard about the reprints in these 10s, they're reprinting Dark Magician Girl, Red Eyes, Dark Magician and Blue Eyes with new artwork. And they're also reprinting a bunch of new cards like Red Eyes, Dark Dragoon, Forbidden Droplet, Nibiru, Ash, Ghost Ogre, and many more. So make sure you guys use code MightyRucksin if you guys wanna save $30 on your pre-order 10 and it supports the channel. So let's get back to the video. We're gonna end it with a Dark Magician 10, which by the way was bought by Benjamin. He bought it instead he wanted it to be open on video. So shout out to Benjamin in the comments. Make sure you guys let him know that you appreciate it because pretty epic extra cost. Stardust Dragon is the super rare in these special editions. That is insane. Okay, we'll take that. That is an amazing promo. All right, three packs of Shadow Spectres. Let's see what we can do. All right, we got a Ghostric Vanish. We probably should have done one, two, three, four, let's see three, okay. Ghostric Spectre, we got Gaia Tag, Chacha Chan, Ghostric Witch, we got the Ghostric Yangshi, Secret Sack Druidru, The Vivint Knight, and a Resetsu, Resetsu, all right, Resetsu. Very cool, two packs to go. Till we go back to those OTS packs, let's see what we can pull. Two, let's do three. We have Ghostric Spectre. The problem princess, the princess of Ghosts, very epic. One, you love to see that. Mala Severus Fork, okay, another epic one. Pretty cool set, not gonna lie. Vampire Gracie, I think it's considered one of the worst sets ever, but I really like it. Dragon Shield, classic, Ghostric Vanish. Soul Drain Dragon, Vampire Duke, and... Oh, a Ghost Rare! No way, oh my goodness. A Ghost Rare, Divine Dragon Knight Felgrin. Bruh, this wasn't even the main event. Shadow Spectre Special Edition, we pull a Ghost Rare? This is probably the most random Ghost Rare I've ever pulled. This is insane, I love this card. Look how beautiful it is. I didn't even bring it up, because normally I bring it up, I'm like, I really like the card that I never remember the name, but I'm like, the one with the ulti and the ghost in this set, it looks really cool. And there it is, we pulled it! All right, Ghost Rare, Divine Dragon Knight Felgrin, we will take that, we got one more pack, all right. We're gonna get an Ultimate Rare as well, and we get one of those, that'd be pretty amazing. We got the Tyranitar, they're not Tyranitar, Typhlosion over there with the wings. Survival of the Fittest, we got the Bujingi Ibis, Battle Boxer, Vampire Grace, how crazy is that? Soul Drain Dragon, Mega Fan of Beast, and oh, a Secret Rare, Malay of the Trees. So we got a Ghost and a Secret Rare out of that Special Edition. That is literally insane. Yeah, and we still have these, we can get Ultimate Rare. We haven't even gotten to Benjamin's 10 yet. What in the world is happening? Oh my gosh, Baby Sarasaurus, a nice Super Rare. Very cool, very cool. I can't believe we just pulled that. That's unreal, a freaking random Ghost Rare. Phantom Knight's a Break Sword, I don't know if I have that one for my binder or not. If you guys know about my Ghost, Ulti, and Secret Rare binder of all the cover cards or the main cards, I don't even know what you call them. They're not necessarily the cover cards, but the cards that have a Ghost Rare in the set, they also have an Ultimate Rare and a, oh, Picafelina, Ultimate Rare, and usually they have an Ultra or an Ulti, or an Ultra and a Secret or a Secret as well. Vampire Retainer, we got M Camtation, and we got Phantom Knight's a Break Sword again. That's not a very good one, we keep pulling that unfortunately. It's not a bad card, but there's like a lot of printings of it already. Okay, Silent Boots, Dark Magician's Circle, and the Token Collector. This is a very good one actually. Very good to counter the Brave Engine actually. Two packs to go, let's go. Will we get an Ultimate Rare? Diverge, Kagamusha Knights, all right, another decent one. Final pack of OTS before we get into that 10, let's go. Let's see, we have Vampire Familiar, Ghost Shack Break, and Dasher. A playset of these, is someone's gonna play a playset of Dasher, I don't know, they're probably gonna lose, but we've got them. All right, on to the main event, we have a Dark Magician 10 for Benjamin, who bought it on the website, ruxam34.com, go check it out, we still have some 10s on there if you guys want to as well. They can be bought and kept sealed as well, you don't have to have them open, but if you do want them opened, I'd be glad to open them, okay, we're struggling. Here we go, all right, let's get this thing open. 2003 Dark Magician 10, this is not the original, there was a 2002 first, then the next year they came out with this artwork in 2003. Well, technically they didn't come out with this artwork, because this is the L.O.B. artwork, but the secret rare version of this, here we go, we have, okay, five packs, let's see if that's a nice promo back there, please. Okay, wait, is this a nice promo? Okay, I can see a little bit of scuffing, well, let's get this. Yeah, but it's really not bad, that's about it right there, right in the middle, so a little bit of scuffing, but not too bad, so actually a pretty close to near mint card here. That's really, sintering is awful, so even if it was minty, that you wouldn't be able to grade this probably, but this is still a really nice version, so this is really good, because 2003, you'd usually don't get such a nice promo, so that's pretty good, I'm sure I'll be happy about that. But wait, 50% of you guys are not subscribed to the channel according to this graph, so go down below and click that subscribe button. We have our four packs, L.O.B. Metal Raiders, Magic Ruler, Pharaoh Surin, and Labyrinth of Nightmare, of course we start from the back with Labyrinth of Nightmare, let's go. Sorry about my voice, I'm still recovering, but also we did back-to-back three-hour live streams with this voice somehow, so yeah, I'm trying to get through it. Here we go, let's do one, two, three, four. We have a Boneheimer Will We Pull a Foil for Benjamin, the unfriendly Amazon. We've got Swaltsman of Lannstah, you love that card. Baydoll, actually a pretty decent card as well. Miracle Dig, the Lightning Conqueror, Dancing Fairy, very cool, of a worm, Adrake. Oh, and an Ultra Rare United, we stand and check it out. Spell card, even though it says Magic Ruler on the Magic Ruler pack, it's a spell card, the different thing about 2003. They actually had both spell cards and Magic Ruler, very confusing, but Ultra Rare, right off the bat, last time we opened one of these 10s, we went like one for 10, well we opened two of these 10s, one for 10, so we started one for one, that's a good start. And not only did he get an Ultra Rare, but he had a nice foil as well, or at least a nice promo, so looking good. Ferraro's serving up next, let's see if we can pull the Buster Blader, let's do it. All right, we've got the Cold Wave, a very strong card there, one, two, three, four, very nice, we have the Deep Sea Warrior. Fakisa Tai, Oni Tank, Ruxen 34, beautiful. Tokuro Yaiba, apparently it's for a parent, we always pull it though, Cold Wave, Vagamble, Cyber Falcon. Shadow of Eyes, oh and a Prohibition, that was the rare, I didn't realize that was it, but this is actually a pretty good rare out of the set, one of the best rare is actually, it looks like three bucks, which you know, it's not that crazy compared to the price of the pack, but it's still a good rare, three packs to go, let's go with Magic Ruler with spell cards inside, very confusing, Spell Ruler, Magic Ruler, I know, I know, pretty nuts, one, two, three, four, can we get another foil, can we get a Serpent Knight Dragon, we've got the Wall Shadow, this is a very epic classic monster from the anime, epic classic, we got the Stone Ogre Grotto, Vagaya Power, very nice, Chain Energy, Toll, give me that money, we've got the Reliable Guardian, look how many muscles this dude has, there's something wrong with those muscles, I've never actually noticed that till now, he looks like a bunch of meat, it's like ground beef, you might wanna fix those muscles buddy, I don't know what's going on there, we got the Spirit Clayton, the Weather Report, and, we called it a Serpent Knight Dragon, so we have a MRL out of the Magic Ruler, Serpent Knight, wait, wait a second, MRL, interesting, isn't it? Oh, you can't tell unless it's a magic card, yeah, if it's a spell card, it would say Spell up there, but it's still MRL, that always confuses me every time, so I like to bring it up, so, if we had pulled like a, let's say a Snatch Deal, it would say Spell Card at the top, but it would still say MRL, and come out of a Magic Ruler pack, very, very confusing, I think it's the only time that would happen, would be out of the 2003 10, or 2003 pack, which is pretty cool, Serpent Knight Dragon Secret Rare, this tin is insane, Dark Magician, Nearman Condition, a Ultra Rare United We Stand, and a Secret Rare Serpent Knight Dragon, wow, that is amazing, and it's still MRL, which is really cool, and I can't like go too crazy cause my voice is messed up, but I'm still like, this is amazing, like even though I'm not getting as hyped as usual, it's cause voice just isn't cooperating, but now we have a Metal Raiders, a little bit of a fat pack, no body shaming, don't you worry, Harpy Lady original artwork, okay, that's probably worth a little bit, very nice, let's see if we can get that classic Pecainio Moth, let's see, we got the Oguchi, cheerful coffin, Lady Defe, oh, we got a Ruxen special with a blue ink crown, but don't worry, we've already seen the Harpy Lady, that's the classic OG artwork, Yadakuru, big eye, the Ring of Magnetism, is this next one it, could it be something amazing, let's go. I was about to say the might magical hat, white magical hat, there we go, I was like, I couldn't figure out what I was gonna say there, oh my goodness, the white magical hat, we streamed three hours and six hours total, last two days, I'm losing at this point, I basically lost it, no foil in there, no Pecainio Moth, it's pretty unfortunate, but don't worry, a final fat pack, and no, we're not body shaming, we're just describing this epic, epic pack, fat pack of Legend of Blue Eyes, let's see, we can do a 2003 pack, we have pulled a Blue Eyes out of this type of pack before, let's see if we can do it again, we got four from the back, we've got a Dark World Thorns, can we pull another foil, because this has been an insane 10 so far, Red Madison, we got the Kurama, Terra, the Turrable, Numiruko, Sogan, we got the Mystical Sheep number two, Tripwire Beast, I think it might be the next card, what do you guys wanna see, will it be the Blue Eyes, will it be the Dark Magician, Red Eyes, Black Dragon, let's go. The Dark Magician, out of a Dark Magician 10, no way, and that definitely hurt to yell that loud, but it was worth it, Dark Magician 2003 print, not way of your glossy, just regular all unlimited print, wow, so not only a secret Dark Magician, but the Ultra Rare as well, look at this freaking tin, two Ultras, a secret, and then of course, the promo secret, that is insane, Benjamin you picked the right tin to open for sure, a Dark Magician Ultra Rare, that is insane, what amazing pulls dude, thank you so much for letting me open this up on video, awesome, awesome pulls, super congrats to you. If you guys enjoyed this video, make sure to subscribe to the channel for more epic content. Shout out to TCG Trust, the card to Tomefo show, Tomato Juice, Daxer, JTcho, Puffins of Doom, Ernesto D'Anda, Squirtle, Flexi Boy, Dizzy, Stanley, Mike Nantz, Mimic Gecko, Ian Musa, Junior Barney, John Nolan, Anuntai Show, Thomas McClain, and Seth Fisher, thank you guys for supporting the channel and I'll see you guys next time, peace.


Hello. I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education. I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education. It is Kanna Galshri College, University of Allahabad. It's my email ID and the lecture will be in bilingual mode and nowadays I am going, I am discussing topics under the main heading of inclusive education. Yes, I'm a Veshishik Shah, but what we are talking about today is NCF 2005. And the lecture will be in bilingual mode and it must be useful for various competitive examinations as well as for your regular and professional BABMA and BHMH courses. First of all, we are going to talk about what is the State Department of Education in 2005 or what is the State Department of Education. So, the State Department of Education has been formed before 2005, in 1975, in 1988, in 2000 and after 2005, in 2009 and 2014. But this time, we will look at the NCF of 2005. What does it say on the inclusion? So, you will have to know that the NCF in 1986 and its POA in 1992 gave a special role to the NCRT that you should make a NCF and promote it. The NCF saw that we should have a national system of education where there should be some core values. The entire throughout India should be followed by a syllabus. We should keep in mind that if a Veshish Rajji wants to change something according to his local needs, then he should do it, but the core values are the same. And why is the NCF coming again and again? Why is the society changing? The need for education is changing. The need for children is changing. So, you can't keep the curriculum according to the 1970s. The National Curriculum Framework is saying that we are making a national curriculum framework and you should keep in mind that you should decide on your curriculum. And since the society is changing, the need for children is changing, then we will keep updating ourselves on this. So, you will have to see that it has not been made since 2014, when it was said that it will be made every 5 years. So, it has not been made, but it is okay. So, we are talking about 2005. What was the inclusion in 2005? And the main purpose of this is that it can make a guideline that what kind of syllabus, textbook and teaching practices in schools of India will run. So, how did the inclusion reflection come in 2005? That first, India signed a CRC. What is CRC? Convention on the Rights of the Child. And what is CRC saying? It says that there are three types of rights, which are the most important principles. The first is the right to participation, the right to organization and the third is the right to information. It is saying that every child, no matter how differently they are able to, they have the right to be a part of the organization and they have the right to think properly. Then it is saying that if they have these three rights, they can be a part of the other rights. And the CRC is not just that, it is not just that we can protect the right of the child. It is saying that the child should have the right, we can make sure that what kind of thinking and services are being given to the child, that they can determine the quality of the child. That is, the participation of the student wants to be in governance. So, after the preservation of the rights of the student, the inclusion reflection came in our NCA in 2005. So, as it is, there are sentences raised from the policy. What is it saying? It is very good, every line can explain itself, it is very long. It is saying that inclusive education is about embracing all. That inclusive education means taking everyone with you. Accessibility is a social responsibility except it. It is saying that if you have a disability, then it is your social responsibility to accept it and protect it. No selection procedures to be adopted for denying admissions to learners with disabilities. It is saying that any child, no matter what kind of association it is, you cannot deny it from an admission. This cannot be a selection procedure. Children do not fail the only indicate failure of the school. In fact, if they fail, then it is a failure of the education system. Accept difference, celebrate diversity. It is saying that accept as much diversity as you have in your classroom and celebrate it. Inclusion is not confined to the disabled, it also means non-exclusion. It is saying that it is disabled, you do not have to include it. You have to include every type of inclusion. That means you will not exclude anyone. Take the policy of non-exclusion. Learn human rights, protect human rights. Protect human rights. Handicap is a social construct, deconstruct handicap. It is saying that the handicapness is a social rule. It means that the society has told us that if you are not equal to others, then you are equal to everyone. Everyone is equal to others. But who is equal to others? That is why we have to deconstruct it. We have to break it. You are different, but you are not equal. We have to tell you this. And make provisions, not restrictions, adjust to the needs of others. Why do you make provisions like this? Why do you make restrictions? Adjust yourself according to the needs of the child, your system, your textbook, your curriculum. And what does this do? Remove physical, social and even attitudinal barriers. It means that no one should be angry on the way. Partnership is our strength. It is saying that the more you work with partnership, the more powerful your school system will be. Like the partnership between the school and the community. The partnership between teachers, parents, children, children and parents, and the school system. If any of these will go wrong, there will be a lot of problems. Children, students, teachers, students, students, students, students. If you work with a partnership, you will be successful. and all good practices of teaching are practices of inclusion. He says that all the good practices of education are a sumabheshi practice. And learning together is beneficial for every child. Meaning, the one who is not able to do it differently, it is beneficial for him too if he is able to do it differently. More services are there, essential services. If you want to teach, learn from the child, identify his friends, not limitations. He says that if you want to teach something, learn something from the child, identify his strengths, not his weaknesses. And a mutual respect and interdependence of the child. This is what the policy says about inclusion. He also says a lot of things. He says, what should we do? A policy of inclusion needs to be implemented in all schools and throughout our education system. Meaning, in all schools and throughout our education system, this sumabheshi practice should be implemented. Participation of all children needs to be ensured in all spheres of their life in and outside the school. In every school, in every field of life, whether it is within the school or outside the school, we need to ensure participation. Meaning, there is no problem that we are not able to do our own part. Schools need to become centres that prepare children for life and ensure that all children, especially the different way by which children from marginalized sections and children in difficult circumstances get the maximum benefit of this critical area of education. He says that students need to be developed in the form of a chain so that they can be ready for life.  And opportunities to display talents and share these with peers are powerful tools in nurturing motivation and involvement among children. He says that the talent in which you share this position is the most important powerful tool to nurture involvement and motivation. What he is saying is that schools also undermine the diverse capabilities and talents of children by categorizing them very early on narrow cognitive criteria. He says that schools mainly focus on cognitive criteria where some children are given average, above-average, below-average and gifted and we do not pay attention to their talent and diverse capabilities. Instead of looking for courses on stress management for their pupils, pupils, school heads and school management students need to de-stress their curriculum and advise parents to de-stress children's life outside the school. Nowadays parents are worried that if a child comes to the school and they have to go to a tuition school, they have to teach them. Life is not just about teaching, it is about de-stressing them. Show them more things. If the cognitive dimension is less, then something that will be unique, better, it will be better to nourish them. Not that they keep telling them that they lack this. The ideal of a common schooling advocate who continues to be valid as it reflects the values in our institution for four decades. He says that the Common School in 1964 is still relevant even after 4-10 years because it reflects our constitutional values. This idea is even more relevant now because education has become a fundamental right. He says that now it is more relevant because what has been done to the education? It has been made lawful. So what happened? What is the responsibility of a child? What is the responsibility of a child? It implies that millions of first-generation learners are being enrolled in schools. So the school system must be careful that the first generation learners who have come to study for the first time are of their own generation. They are of their own family.  You have no expectations. Okay. For schools, administrators and teachers should also realize there have been boys and girls from different socio-economic and cultural backgrounds and different levels of ability to study together because the ethos is enriched and becomes more inspiring. He says that schools, administrators and teachers should realize that when different socio-economic and cultural backgrounds and different levels of ability are studied together, then their skills and skills increase. It is inspiring. It means that you have to include every child in every way. This reflection of inclusion is available to us in LCF 2005. Okay. In this manner, NCF is a very good document. There are many points on it that we have not been able to accept yet. We have not been able to implement it. But he said this on inclusion. So we were talking about inclusive. You covered so much of it. So I have completed the National Curricular Framework 2005 viewpoint on the policy of inclusion. So thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel, Explore Education. Thank you very much.


Good evening and welcome to episode 312 of the Private Property Podcast. I'm your host, Usama Domoakumalo. If you're joining us for the first time, welcome to the Early Daily Property Podcast in South Africa that helps you on all your property needs. It doesn't matter where in your property journey you are, we certainly hire to provide a great resource to help you make better property decisions. And to all our regular viewers at home whether you're watching us on Facebook, on YouTube or even on Instagram, welcome to it. You know how we do every single weekday. You and I have an appointment where we're always in conversation with the property expert who helps us navigate our property journey. And of course I absolutely love hearing from you at home. Love seeing the love that you show us, especially in the comment section for the people who are watching us on Facebook. So do show us some love, love seeing those greenhouse that you already sent us. And of course share their lives so your friends and family can join in in the property conversation. And talking about the property conversation, you can of course catch other shows across private properties of social media pages every single weekday at 8 p.m. As it is a Wednesday, you can catch a warden in Farma, Umba or later on. No, actually, it's Wednesday.  And she'll be in conversation with somebody that we've had a few times on the, you know, on the private property process with myself that is Uselindi, Lelysianne. And they'll be looking at, you know, women being able to access property without having a lot of money done. So that's going to be a great conversation that you can look forward to at 8 p.m. with S Street Class. And every Wednesday and every Tuesdays and Thursdays, that's when you can catch a warden in Farma, Umba, Linoa or bringing you all things agriculture. And always speaking with great experts who help us have a better grasp on our agricultural needs. And every Mondays and Fridays, child brings you through the home shopper show. So if you are in the market for a new property, make sure that you tune in to the show as he takes us through exquisite properties that you can find on www.privateproperty.co.za. Those are the great shows that you can catch every single weekday at 8 p.m. So do make sure that you set your appointment. And of course, there's myself every single weekday at 7 p.m. We are have, we're always in conversation and of course have an appointment where there's always some other property topic that we are tackling that helps us along in our journey. This evening's conversation is primarily for tenants and landlords. And this is quite a big one because we're still unfortunately seeing a large number of both tenants and landlords not having a very good understanding of the legal parameters when it comes to lease agreements and living in a rented property, what you can or cannot do from both sides. And so this evening, we're going to be looking at what you need to know about the Rental Housing Act, about the new Rental Housing Act. As you've probably been following up, it's gotten amended. And there have been some changes that were tabled in the amended version. I think it is the amendments, the last amendment was the Rental Housing Amendment Act 35 of 2014. And we've seen some of the changes that a lot of people within the property space have actually, some have welcomed. Others are saying it's making things even more difficult for landlords. Well, this evening, we're going to be looking at key things that you need to be aware of. And I said, this one is actually a big one for tenants and landlords, because you're really going to get a good grasp of what the legal parameters are, what these changes mean for both landlords and tenants, and what happens in the event where, especially as a tenant, especially as a landlord, in the event where you don't keep to what the Act essentially prescribes. And to help us get a better sense of a lot of the legalities, because I know law can be one of those very intimidating things I was saying to my guests of air that I'm actually doing, one of the courses I'm doing is property law. So I know how dense it can get. But we're doing a really great executive summary of this, not looking at stock clauses, because that's not what we're here for. And my guest this evening is Megan Liprock, who's a general manager at Only Realty Group. Megan, good evening, and thank you so much for joining us. Hi, Zama, how are you? I'm really great, Megan. Thank you so much for joining us. It's a pleasure to have you with us on the show. Now, I think the big thing with this, you know, with the Amendment Act is perhaps let's take it from from the top, you know, because as we were talking, one of the things I had asked you was, I was trying to check if it's now in effect, or the president still hasn't been posited yet, because I feel as though this has been such a long ongoing thing. A part of me thought maybe it had been posited it's now in law. I'm just not aware of it, because I know a lot of property professionals are like already act as though it's already in law, as opposed to, you know, waiting for it to finally be posited and be in law. Perhaps first just take us through the previous version where we are now, because I know it's a long historical sort of lesson of a look at the parental housing act in its entirety. And let's not do that. Let's fast forward to essentially where we currently are. Where we are today. And so firstly, I think it's great that people are acting as if it already is enforced. It's currently not. But the changes are already positive changes. I know people have been a little bit uncertain, but the changes are good. So the sooner people can adapt to them, the easier it will be when it is because it is enforced. So the biggest change that we've seen that I think will affect most landlords, especially landlords that are renting their house privately, is you can no longer have a verbal lease agreement. So that I think is a big thing to protect tenants, but also to protect the owner and having everything down and writing, having everything that everybody understands in clear language, that everyone's on the same page, it can only be a positive thing. So ultimately that acts as a whole, the changes, the amendments to really just providing better protection for tenants. And I think Megan, on other things, and it's what you've just said, that it's providing better protection for tenants, I know that a lot of landlords already feel as though the law protects tenants almost unequally relative to them. And that's probably a discussion for a different day. And more often than not, when landlords say that I always push back, and so you actually need to fundamentally understand the historical context of why that would be the case. And it's just too far soon from where we come from historically to suddenly place landlords with quite a significant amount of power to almost need to put those systems in place, because the reality of a lot of South Africans is they still pretty much live that reality. So as much as it can be frustrating for landlords, especially when they end up dealing with the tenants who are not paying or damaging their property or whatever the case, we need to also understand the era that we're living in and the context that we're living in. And this is really me saying this to landlords. And as a landlord myself, as a property investor myself, I know how painful it can be with anything. I'm really fortunate that that hasn't been a reality that I have faced for the most part, but we really do need to not forget where we are from a historical perspective. Now, I see some of the love that we're getting on our Facebook page. Abdullah Al-Bateen, this is the second time I'm seeing you. The scheme has been setting me, of course, all the different comments that you say down here below. So this is twice in a row. And of course, I'll read them out in Wacky Wednesday. A special greeting to my ladies. We're back at it later. She's referring to Essex as well, and that will be countered at the end with the first time home buyers show. And seeing more and more love on our social media pages of your home. And I'll be coming back to those shortly. Megan, I want us to look at the amendment act in Susana, which is a decent right. You know that as stands, people are effectively able to So 312 of the private property podcast on your host, Ozamantouma Kumalo. Well, we had some gremlins in the system, but we're back and we do apologize for that break in a transmission. And of course, we have been getting quite a lot of love from you on our social media pages. Those of you are watching us on Facebook. I see you. I also see who is this Queen Pima? And of course, this evening, we're looking at what you need to know about the new rental housing item in conversation with Megan Ladbrook, who's a general manager at only Realty Group and really looking at what the new changes mean for both landlord and the tenant. Before we got cut off Megan, I was saying that the one key thing that you've already outlined is that the lease agreement must be in writing. Let's go through some of the other key changes that are going to also protect tenants. As you were saying earlier that one of the core things with the amendment is that tenants are going to be very well protected when this comes into effect. So I think the scariest thing for landlords is that now they'll be held criminally liable if they don't comply with the new regulations. So I mean, that's a huge change and it's really beneficial for tenants. I know it's scary for landlords, but if you're a landlord who's got great intentions and doing what you should be doing and looking after your tenant who's essentially your client, you know, you running a service, they're taking the service from you. So it's really holding them accountable for taking care of their clients. So I think that's probably the scariest thing that and what I've seen that people have latched on to the most out of these changes. But ultimately, you shouldn't have been doing these things the wrong way in the first place. So your intentions are good and you're going to be honoring the terms of your agreement, then you shouldn't be concerned.  I think one of the things that I appreciate about it is and we're talking about this, you know, of air and it's already something that we know is not legal to do in any case in South Africa. And that is denying tenants access to property in the event where they're not paying or cutting off things like water and electricity. And we know that that's such a key thing to have consequences of because what we're currently seeing now is landlords are still doing it. I mean, I've said to viewers at home before that I've certainly been in groups where landlords will say, you know, I bring in guys or we take in a door or we cut all kinds of utilities. And all these kinds of things, right? I mean, landlords literally sharing tips of how they gotten rid of not paying tenants. And as much as the landlords know that that is not legal, they also know really ramifications when they do do it. And that's why they've been able to get away with it so much. Megan, I want to just take us through the issue of the deposit because this is also one of those things that becomes such a contentious one. I've seen way too many tenants not know about what can or cannot be done about their deposit or landlords misusing the deposit. Perhaps take us through the handling of the deposit. So some of the deposits is probably it's such a big financial investment for tenants. You know, if you're a tenant in most instances, it's a huge cash flow and issue right at the beginning of the lease. It's a lot of money to you. And I know in different parts of the country, there's different deposit amounts and capes on often a double deposit. So people are really placing a lot of trust in the person who's handling the deposit. So at the moment, it needs to be placed into an interest-bearing account. Often the landlord has it or the if he's managing his own property or the agency. And that deposit needs to stay there. And it's not to be touched. It's not for rainy day money. And I know here, like you have plenty of horror stories where the landlord will just use the deposits, you know, for whatever they feel like it. But it's not for that. And at any point during the lease agreement, the tenant has the right to ask, say, I'd like to see how much interest I've earned. It's still their money until they move out and if there's any damages. So ultimately, the deposit is there for security for the landlord, but it still belongs to the tenant. So when the tenant moves out, the onus is on the landlord now to make sure that they've done a proper inspection when the tenant moved in, that they've noted all of the damages, that they have a comprehensive report. And only if there's anything that's been maliciously damaged by the tenant can they then take that money from the deposit. And I want to point out from the viewers at home, especially the landlords, about how crude up are you when it comes to the law and what you can or cannot do as a landlord. Because I tend to find that a lot of DIY landlords in particular, you know, you get into property investment, you buy your first investment property, perhaps the second and the third and the fourth, and you've got a full-time job, you know, or you're running your own business. That's not the property business. And property was the side investment that you were doing, that you thought, look, I'll actually self-manage. I'm not going to get state agents to do it for me. And because this is not your core job, you may not necessarily be as up to date with what the law says you can or cannot do. So if you're a landlord at home, you know, how crude up are you about the law when it as it pertains to you as a landlord and what you can or cannot do when it comes to your relationship with your tenant. Now, Megan, I want to find out then what does the New Amendment Act, you know, what does it mean for the DIY landlords? Because I think in as much as they are not the biggest demographic, we're increasingly seeing more and more people, you know, being able to access investment properties and managing it themselves. Many watch the show and are always finding, you know, trying to find different ways of maximizing their investment. And with some they've decided I'd rather not use an agency because of, you know, that percentage cut every month. I'll just do it myself. So what does the New Amendment Act effectively, you know, how does that, how would it affect the DIY landlords? Look, the changes aren't actually that great. So, you know, I feel like the DIY landlord is in the position where they just need to make sure that they educate themselves as much as possible. It's really easy for them to sort of get into, as you said, most of these things are often done through ignorance. It's not their core job. And so even if you can't justifying your cost structure, having a professional agency run your managed rental for you, I'd really encourage them to reach out and ask for help or advice or guidance. You know, it's a very small industry. Most people would be happy to give a landlord a bit of advice on a difficult situation. So the tools are there. The act is very clear. It's not a difficult act to read or to understand. So I'd encourage them if you're a DIY landlord definitely download a copy of the act from the government websites and make notes, go through it, ask questions, phone a rental agency in your area that's got a lot of clients and see if they'd just be willing to just go through it with you and clarify. But ultimately, the changes that they need to be aware of are all quite simple changes. Make sure that you have all of your ducks in a row. Make sure you have a written agreement. Make sure that you keep your investment property that you're renting out in good condition. It needs to be habitable for somebody to live in. You can't cut off their services and do all of these kinds of things. So I think the biggest about have for a DIY landlord is just to make sure that they put themselves in the position of power when they understand what they should be doing and what they shouldn't be doing. We're on this evening taking your questions and comments as we look at what you need to know about the new rental housing act and really getting a better understanding of what the amendments mean for both tenants and landlords. We've got us farming on Facebook saying I've never heard a deposit earning interest. It's always you damage this 1500 minus 1000 for paint other repairs minus 500. I can already say as part that that's not the way it's supposed to be. Your deposit is put in an interest-bearing account. It doesn't necessarily have to be sort of maximum interest. So a landlord can choose whichever interest-bearing account they opt for. And even when it comes to the deductions in terms of damage, there's a way that we look at damage. So fair wear and tear wouldn't be something that a tenant would pay for because it would be understood that that was going to happen regardless of which tenant would have occupied your particular property. And Megan, would you say you see that quite a lot because I see this a lot especially with the DIY landlords and sometimes even when they use an agency where the agency only procured the tenant and the landlord decides to manage the tenant so the deposit gets handed over and the agency is sort of done, they take their cut and come end of the lease agreement these issues with the deposit. Yeah, I agree with you. There's such a misunderstanding about wear and tear and what's damage and what's wear and tear. The landlord can't expect the property to be perfect. If it was perfect when they gave the tenant, you've got to expect that there will be some use from somebody living there and unfortunately that means that you're going to switch the light switch on and off or use the blinds or turn the door handle. It might not be in perfect condition when the tenant moves out. I mean that's a huge misunderstanding I think that we see as an agency that neither the tenant or the landlord understand what that means. So you'll get into the position where the tenants agree to pay for things which they really shouldn't and the landlords not through anything other than not understanding what they can charge and can't charge for end up charging for more than they should be. And I've certainly seen those happening too many times. I can't think of an instance where a tenant would fairly pay for something like paint, especially after a year of staying in a place. I mean you would have had to physically have done something to the wall that has damaged it to the point where new paint is needed but sort of normal dirt on the wall when somebody lives there. The tenant isn't meant to pay for that in the event where a landlord wants a new coat of paint for their new tenant. They're able to do that but that's certainly something that would have to come from their own account. One of the other things Megan is around the defects being recorded and I see this one even in the context of the of the deposits or at the end of the term but we're still not seeing a lot of entry inspections for instance and tenants moving into a place and within sometimes even a few days realizing what is wrong and they'll communicate it to a landlord often via phone so it's also again not written and because there was no inspection by the time they move out then they'll say well my landlord is now pinning all these damages on me and yet when I moved in I actually had them I had noted them and I was communicating it with them all along. How can tenants best deal with that in the interim because it is one of those contentious things that continue to happen and more often than not tenants don't know of an entry inspection and exit inspection during their you know during their leasing years. Yeah so again it's something that happens so often and I wish there was an easy answer to this. Ultimately a tenant needs to understand that the landlord should be doing an inspection with him when they move into the property so with the amendments if there's no inspection done then everyone assumes that the property is in good condition and that there's nothing that can can be deducted from the tenants deposit when they move out because there's obviously no record of those damages in the first place. If I were a tenant at the moment I would make sure if my landlord hasn't done an inspection with me that when I move in I do an inspection myself. I note everything down in writing and email it to your landlord so you've got that there and vice versa.  It's a very time-consuming job but it can be done quickly and it'll save you a lot of time in the long run especially with the he said she said back and forth when the tenant moves out. More of your questions and comments at home as we explore the the amended rental housing act and we've got the Bong Sabakwe and one of our top fans commenting saying in the UK the government runs the deposit scheme so the landlord pays your deposit into the scheme the money is only released when you and the landlord come to an agreement on what is to be paid to you and what is to be paid to the landlord. Your money is paid with interest and that's a great way of I guess you know managing that. I don't know if I want government to be involved in that aspect when we look at the South African context. I certainly would want government holding any of the deposits through my properties. We've got Linnati Zimbabwe. Linnati the first time I'm seeing your name welcome to this show and Linnati asks what else can one do to get rid of non-paying tenants without having to go through eviction as it is usually a lengthy and costly process. So the short answer is there's nothing legally that you can do to to make a tenant move if they're not paying without getting caught ordered eviction. This doesn't have to be a lengthy process and it doesn't have to be an extremely costly process either and what goes a long way to helping is if you as a landlord or your rental agency make sure that they follow the correct process leading up to the eviction because that can really pave the way for a very smooth eviction but things unfortunately need to be done the right way and leave away. We often find if you've got a really good relationship with your tenants especially now COVID has impacted so many people and we've seen as a industry obviously a lot of challenges but we've also seen a lot of people coming together and working out arrangements and payment arrangements. So obviously step one is to try and have a conversation with your tenants and come to some sort of understanding between the two of you but in that same time frame you need to be making sure that you follow the correct process make sure you put your tenants in breach make sure that you follow everything to the letter of the law because then if it does come down to being evicted you've got everything lined up and your attorney can actually just run with it in a lot smoother manner which obviously will end up costing you less. And that's certainly something that one of the regular guests that we have in the show similar staying also emphasizes that when you do everything to the letter of the law before it even gets to eviction stage by the time things get there you find that judges are quicker to be able to grant that eviction order whereas if you get to court and magistrate finds out that actually you've tried to cut water supplies previously or tried all sorts of illegal stands you're more likely not to have that eviction order granted which only makes things more worse for you because the new tenants are going to stay in your property and you're still going to struggle to get essentially to get them off your property. A comment coming through from Moncatego Agape saying a reputable agency wanted me to pay for paint after having occupied the property for five years. According to the person I spoke to at the agency even if I had stayed 10 years I'd have to pay for the paint which is absurd right Megan I mean after five years would typically be when we do a new paint job so five to even seven years even in our normal homes we would typically do a paint job so the fact that agencies and even landlords will say pulling a fast one on tenants and making home improvements and something that tenants suddenly have to pay for I think is something that more and more tenants need to be empowered about in order to to best address. The painting is something that comes up often and we see it every month there's a big difference between if a tenant's damaged a wall and obviously then they're responsible for fixing it and we do see that regularly where people have drilled lots of holes in the wall and sort of taken chunks out the wall when they took the hook out so they're definitely are cases to be made for when painting is obviously the tenant's responsibility but it happens very regularly that you say home and improvements done on the tenant's account is the expectation and we even as agents get onto the wrong side of owners you know we try and keep everything above board and then you know you're not going to make your landlord happy if you're not letting them renovate the property on the tenant's account so maybe before I let you go any final tips for both the landlords and the tenants to just be aware of when it comes to the amendment act? I think on both sides and and I know I've said this before and this evening definitely educating themselves is really the key and there's so much available to landlords and tenants and familiarize yourself with the the act and get the contact details for the rental housing tribunal you know they need to mediate these situations if there's something that doesn't make sense to the tenant or doesn't make sense to the landlord and you can't agree on it so I think educating themselves about the changes and and just making sure that they try and act in as fair a way to both parties as possible. That's a great place to leave it at this evening Megan thank you so much for joining us. Thanks Emma, it was a pleasure thanks everyone. And that is Megan Legbrook who is the general manager at Only Realty Group wrapping up the Wednesday edition of the private property forecast of myself Osama Ndumwa Komalo. I'll be back on your screens tomorrow evening at 7 p.m. until then hoping you're staying home and staying safe.


Hello, welcome to Global Connections on the ThinkTech live streaming network series. I'm your host, Grace Chang, and today we have here in the studio with us Dr. Catherine Almer of the Psychology Department at Hawaii Pacific University. Welcome Catherine. Hey, thanks for having me. Thank you for joining us. So today we're going to be talking about the so-called Burkini Band, which is not very precise, but we'll talk about that a bit more in France and some of the historical and psychological dimensions of that. So before we start, could you tell us a bit about yourself and also your interest in this area of discrimination? Oh, yeah. Thanks. So I'm a professor, assistant professor in psychology at Hawaii Pacific University. I'm interested in studying things like discrimination and the factors that contribute to discrimination. So this really interested me because I felt like for many of the women in France, this was aimed at them in a way that was undue and understandably upsetting. And I thought there were some many factors psychologically that can be used to explain why people are discriminating against those who might not have had anything to do with terrorist activities. And also I think psychology in general can be used to help better understand psychological processes and understand why people discriminate and have prejudice and feel a certain amount of animosity towards outgroup members that are living in their own society or country. Okay. Yeah. And so specifically, we're dealing with this ongoing issue that started this summer in France in July after the Bastille Day attacks in Nice and also an attack on a church in Normandy, a bunch of towns in France instituted a band, not specifically on the Burkini, which is kind of a swimwear that was created so that women who practice that kind of form of modesty can enjoy outdoor and water sports. But it was a ban on any kind of clothing that ostentatiously displayed religious affiliation. And even though the High Court of France ruled that this violated individual freedoms, some of the different towns in France actually retained the ban. There have been reports of people harassing people who are putting on head scarves or wearing Burkinis and so forth. So this is kind of an issue that's still ongoing and this is what we're talking about today. Yeah. And it's fascinating to see that they aimed it towards religious paraphernalia because when you think about those who actually committed the attacks, I don't think any of them were wearing Burkinis or anything of that sort during the attack. So it was just interesting to see that that was the focus for a lot of the bans, that it became a part of what women were wearing. I think what was also very disturbing for many was that when they saw the photos of the women on the beach and then police officers with guns and it seemed like a lot of just reinforcement for one woman wearing something that just has religious significance on a beach could invoke so much attention towards her, I think was very surprising for many people. And it brought up issues about why we're especially regulating women's bodies. When you think about a lot of the, most of these terrorist attacks have been done by men, especially in France. So why is it that the women tend to be the ones that are targeted towards us as men tend not to have as many adornments for their religious background? So that became really interesting for me to look at and just kind of see what's behind this? What's the psychological reasons for why we're choosing women and why we're discriminating against them so forth? Yeah, that's a really interesting point. The gender that is actually perpetrating many of the attacks and women who are, you know, going to the beach. Yeah, exactly. As opposed to driving a van, which was very scary, understandable. I think it's really important to think about psychology and how it can explain this sort of incidence. So I think there's really three key factors when we think about why we're attacking women or why we're aiming women with our discrimination and our prejudice. I think one of them has to be our culturation strategies, the other one being mortality salience and the third one being stereotype content. Now the first one that I wanted to at least bring your attention to is acculturation strategies. I think many different countries evoke and use different acculturation strategies. And John Berry, he does a lot of work with this, but he talks about four. And I just kind of want to go over three that many, many people probably are aware of. Like for the first one, when two different cultural groups come together and they occupy the same space, you often think what's going to happen? How are they going to handle this? How are they going to be able to get along? So like in France, for example, you have the dominant French culture and then you have a Muslim culture coming in and basically being part of that culture. How are they going to negotiate that space? How are they going to live and work together? Well, in John Berry's work, you have something firstly called like separation or segregation. What you could do is just be completely separate from each other. Maybe they go live in their own space. The French live in their own. That's how you create ghettos or Chinatowns in a lot of ways. All we have here in the United States too. And if you do it willingly, you can call separation. The other one is often called integration or multiculturalism. And in that case, people are also maintaining their own identity as well as the host's identity. And they're integrating. They're helping each other out. They're basically informing each other. While the host culture is also saying, look, we're going to make sure there's hospitals, schools, and facilities for you and help your culture grow and thrive. The last one that I think is kind of interesting is what you call the assimilative strategy, which most people in the United States know as the melting pot. So the idea that you come all together and you melt together, it's really the idea that the subordinate culture is becoming part of the host culture right now. And they are just shedding their identity and they're just becoming, in this case, French. They're kind of shedding their Muslim identity at this point. And I think France has really adopted that type of strategy. They're really wanting the Muslim culture just to become French in a lot of ways. And this Burkini is an indication that, look, this is not part of our secular society. We see ourselves as not religiously identification with Muslim traditions. So why are you wearing it? I think that becomes a big part for why the Burkini was aimed at, or at least part of it, and also he jobs in other scarves, because it became such an indication that you're not assimilating with us. You're not becoming a part of us. And that, I think, puts people on edge, especially when their culture has adopted an assimilative approach to that. I think the other instance to think about is mortality salience. And mortality salience is a really interesting psychological phenomenon. When we're reminded of our death, we have this anxiety. And most people don't handle their own mortality very easily. Most people are just kind of like, oh, it's something that really hurts them, really affects them. And so in this case in France, when the July attacks occurred, I think people were becoming very aware of their own death and what could happen to them and what could happen to their own families.  You become much more security based. You really want to start identifying or at least knowing who's in your in-group versus who's in your out-group.  And so for many people, especially their niece, I think it was, OK, death is definitely something that could happen for us. It's something scary. And now we're going to resort more to our traditionalist beliefs, and we're going to really want to know who's with us and who's not with us. And I think the Burkini band, the Burkini itself, is just such a visual indication that, look, we're not part of that culture. And it becomes, OK, they're definitely now an out-group member, as opposed to an in-group member. Hopefully that makes some sense. The last key point I think is an important and understanding where a lot about prejudice and discrimination has to do with stereotype content. And the idea behind stereotype content is that there's two factors that really explain where our stereotypes come from. There's the warmth and there's competence. So there's kind of on the two axis there. And we really see social groups as falling along these two dimensions, as either having a lot of warmth or not a lot of warmth or very competent and low on competence. And for example, in our society, or any society we go to, we often view the rich, so people who are very wealthy, as high on competence, actually kind of low on warmth. While we view other groups like, for example, the elderly as really high on warmth, but low on competence. And the interesting thing is when you look at that stereotype content model, you can kind of understand what kind of prejudice can come when you actually put those groups along those dimensions. So for example, when you see a lot of rich, for example, there's this type of envious prejudice that you might have towards them. Like, how could they have that? Is that fair? Should they be able to have those things and us not? They become a threat, a bit of a competition for us. While we look at people who occupy that realm where they're high on warmth, but low on competence, like the elderly, they tend to invoke a sort of paternalism. Like, oh, we should take care of them. There's a certain amount of pity we have towards these people. Now, the research that has been done on this, and this is mostly Peter Glick's work and Susan Fisk, they actually show that Muslims occupy, at least for most people, Muslims occupy kind of the middle realm, where there's sort of a moderate on competence and moderate on warmth. I apologize, moderate on warmth. And I contend that I think that's actually a very vulnerable position to have, because you're seen just as competent enough to be threatening to some extent. But you're not high enough on warmth to evoke a complete amount of pity. So there's this idea that you're kind of a threat, and we want to have some sort of paternalism towards you to get you to assimilate. So I argue that there's this sort of authoritarian assimilation that that group becomes subject to. So they're on that middle continuum of competence and warmth, and people say, OK, look, we're going to kind of force you now to be a part of our group, whether you like it or not. And I think that's where that group is right now. And I think if you think about those three factors, like the acculturation strategies that France has, the mortality salience, how people are being able to deal with that, of all those incidents of terrorism attacks. And then you think about how people stereotype these groups, it becomes evident that if any law was going to be enacted, it was going to aim towards women who wear visual indications that they're an outgroup member, and that this is how we're going to be able to handle that type of discrimination. So I'm not saying it's right, but I am saying it helps at least elucidate the process that a lot of people in France are going through at this point. Yeah, I mean, definitely some of the statements coming from the local leaders who support the ban are that these are headscarf coverings worn by Muslim women are symbols of a political activism which aims at subordinating the women. So this idea is that they are kind of the object of our pity, but also not quite enough because we see also reports of women who are appearing on the beach in kind of attire that they feel comfortable with given their own address. And for example, we're showing one here that is from the weak journal, and we're using this just for the educational purposes, not for entertainment, just to sort of illustrate the type of garment that would be banned in some of the French towns that have retained this ban. So yeah, this kind of, I think it is very, on the one hand they're sort of like we're trying to save women from oppression, but on the other hand, the kind of interactions that come out of this, the women feel harassed, they feel their children are traumatized by events where people are telling them to go home, you shouldn't be here wearing that. Exactly, and there's a sort of irony to the idea that we're actually going to have a law restricting your liberties to help liberate you. Yeah, it's a bit of a slap in the face of anything, it kind of tells women that look, we want you to be liberated, so here, you got to do exactly what we tell you to do. And I think for a lot of the women, a lot of them have said that look, we just feel like we want to wear this, we just feel more comfortable like this, it sort of neglects the fact that they've lived in a culture that this is just how they feel, and that you can't undo it simply by just saying hey, you got to stop wearing this, to expect that from any cultural group is a bit extreme. And that was something else that I thought should be discussed, and I thought it was really interesting all these photos that went up with the Burkini band, the one that was just displayed is actually a very common one, and how much emotion it provoked from a lot of people, and people thought it was a real issue, and it was, to see that especially on the beach, having police officers surrounding a woman I think was just kind of terrifying, imagine if that was to happen here in Waikiki or something, or in Ala Moana where people were coming up, and so eventually I want to talk about some things in which psychology can help in contributing to helping people understand each other's points of views, and understanding other ways besides enacting laws, banning Burkinis to help people just see each other's points of views and maybe relieving prejudice and discrimination, and helping attenuate those feelings that we might have. Well thank you Catherine, that's really, really interesting. So we'll be taking a short break right here. I'm Grace Chang, your host at Global Connections with Dr. Catherine Amar, talking about Francis Burkini band, so we'll be back in just a minute. Looking to energize your Friday afternoon? Tune in to Stand the Energy Man at 12 noon. Aloha Friday, here on Think Tech Hoy. Hey, how you doing? Welcome to Batchi Talk, my name's Andrew Lening, I'm your co-host, and we have a nice program here every Friday at one o'clock on Think Tech Studios, where we talk about technology, and we have a little bit of fun with it. So join us if you can, thanks, aloha. Aloha, I'm Kaui Lucas, host of Hawaii is My Mainland every Friday here on Think Tech Hawaii. I also have a blog of the same name at kauilukas.com, where you can see all of my past shows. Join me this Friday and every Friday at 3 p.m. Aloha. Welcome back to Global Connections. I'm your host, Grace Chang, here today, talking with Dr. Catherine Alma of the Psychology faculty at Hawaii Pacific University on Francis Burkini band. Welcome back, Catherine. So very interesting discussion you talked about about these different psychological, I guess, frameworks to understand what's going on, why this very emotional reaction towards how women are dressing when they come to the beach. We were talking about France's policy for dealing with the multiple cultures in their society today is more towards an assimilationist model rather than integration or separation. And France also has this basis in the republic and this concept of laicite, which is a bit more intense than our Anglo-American secularism. So that's also been kind of thrown out there as one of the justifications for this band, that this is a religious symbol. And France has been probably more, has much more of a harder stance on the wearing of religious symbolism in public. For example, they banned the headscarf in public schools on public servants and the covered veil in all public spaces. So as far as we, you're talking about, psychology can sort of help deal with these kinds of divisions and lack of understandings in society. When we have this kind of a base for, I mean legal, what you're legally permitted to do out in the public space, I think having a ban on public servants in public spaces such as, or public institutions rather, such as schools, when that kind of seeps out into all public spaces like beaches and then where else? How do we approach this kind of question? That's a really good question. I have to go back to, I'm thinking about like Gordon Alport and his book on the nature of prejudice. And I think he talks about something really interesting in that book. And he talks about how prejudices is really an intense, passionate feeling. And we can think about this even currently now in the United States when we think about the elections. People have very intense feelings and a lot of that has to do with prejudice for both sides to a lot of extent. And when you think about prejudice and we all have some sort of prejudice to some extent, many people might think to themselves, oh, I don't have any prejudice towards anybody. But when you're actually tested or when you think about it, you might have certain prejudices or feelings, either positive or negative towards a certain group that has nothing to do actually with that individual's quality. Like for example, I will often ask my students a question about babysitting and I'll present to them two distinct people that are completely qualified to be babysitters.  And one is a man and one is a woman. Who are you gonna hire? And a lot of the students will say the woman right away. They'll be like, I'm gonna hire the woman. And some of them will say, well, I just think that she'll be better at taking care of my children at some point. And then some just say they feel better about it. They have a certain prejudice toward against men and towards women to be able to take care of their children. I think that follows here even in this situation with prejudice against a certain type of religious group. There's that certain just extreme passionate feeling that Gordon Alport also mentions that it's really hard to reason with. That even when you think about all the reasons for why you shouldn't have that type of prejudice and how it's illogical and how it doesn't make sense. Oftentimes the passion and the prejudice remains. That it stays there. So it's not easily reasoned away. And a lot of psychologists talk about, especially if you think about, for example, another psychologist, Jennifer Height, has been really talking about seeing the other side and dealing with this type of differences in opinion. When you think about, in a situation with France, a lot of people are saying, look, I think it's right. I think this ban, it helps protect us. A lot of people are like, no, I don't. Well, how do you deal with all these completely two different opinions in the same situation? And a lot of it has to do with both, some of the both groups have, or a lot of the people in both groups have made up their mind already on how they feel. The prejudice is already there. And even if you try to reason to some extent with them, the prejudice isn't necessarily gonna go away. So I'm actually arguing to some extent that we don't try to necessarily reason with our enemies or reason with people about their prejudices. Instead, I really think we have to consider the fact of using emotional provocation to some extent. I'm not saying that we go and we try to equally use guns and police officers to enact an opposite ban, but it's the idea that things like art and music and other things that can evoke emotion can be just as useful. And even like photographs, for example, photographs of people being forced to take off their burkinis can be emotionally provocative enough to have people on both sides go, okay, well, maybe I should consider this. Maybe my feelings now are a little different about that. I think that's really important. I also think it's important that when you deal with prejudice and discrimination that both sides consider taking more time with their thoughts and feelings. I think it becomes a very knee-jerk reaction for a lot of people to say to themselves, okay, that's immediately how I feel and this is how I'm going to think. And one really, I think we should take a lot more time in thinking over a situation and what it means and its implications before we just say to ourselves, okay, this is how I'm gonna handle it and this is my opinion on this. And then I think, and this is probably not gonna be the most popular opinion out there, I think we often have to try to consider how we're wrong. I think it's really hard for people to walk around day to day trying to find evidence of how they themselves are wrong. I think we spend most of our time looking around for evidence to go, yeah, that makes me right and that's why I'm justified in believing this. But the reality is, if you're really gonna see the other side and ever have any hope of changing the other side's point of view, you really have to think about how you're wrong and all the evidence in which makes you wrong. So even though I also personally believe there shouldn't be a Burkini ban, I really do strive to see how the other side needs to feel protected to a lot of extent and try to understand their point of view and how I can be wrong in just assuming that they're having this sort of immoral hatred that comes out of nowhere. I think by doing that, it will actually get us further and actually more of an integration approach than an assimilation or a separation approach. That's just what psychology would have to say. Very interesting. Yeah, I mean, in pluralistic society, we can either have it where different groups with different perspectives just compete against each other where they don't never come to some common ground. But I mean, yeah, as you were saying, no, maybe people aren't fully rational. Politics itself is not fully rational as we often see and we all come from very subjective positions and how do we promote a more intersubjective kind of interaction and come to, yeah, I think understanding each other, maybe empathy or understanding each other's experiences or perspectives. Exactly, but it has to come from both sides too. You can't just say, okay, one side is gonna see the other side or one side is just gonna live on their own because if that's gonna be the case, if neither side wants to see the other side, you're sort of living in a mental separation or segregationist society as it is. So you might be arguing for assimilation, but if you're never really gonna see the other side's point of view, it's just at this point you're just separated and you're always gonna be in those kind of different mental spaces. It's not very conducive, especially if you wanna eventually work together. So I'm guessing France doesn't always wanna be in a situation where they're always gonna see people who wear religious garb as the outsider. I'm not sure if that's necessary, whether they're aim or their other hope. At the same time, I know they want a situation where people feel more integrated. Can you have that while still maintaining diversity? That's something that I think is still being played out on the geopolitical stage. Can we maintain homogeneity with diversity? I mean, that's almost an ironic conundrum, if anything. So yeah, it's something to see how that will actually play out. It's unfortunate that so many of the mayors, though, and the people in charge have kept the ban, even though higher courts have said, look, it's not right and it's against rights. So that's unfortunate. I mean, I think you definitely see how people who initially were very supportive of the ban on the headscarves and other religious symbols in public institutions, how they reacted negatively to the ban, possibly because they understood that this is sort of your personal space. Again, I think there's a variety of factors, the rational, which is how do we define the separation between the public, where in laicite, when you come to the public, you leave behind your particularistic, private beliefs, but is going out on the street, a public space, is that just too extensive a definition of public? And definitely I can see how the emotions and the sentiments of different individuals kind of come into play and how they understand how do we define public versus private choice? And how do we respect that to an extent? That's difficult. For a lot of people, I'm thinking about the incident actually in New York that happened here where a woman came up to another woman and actually tore off their scarves and yelled at them and told them to get out of this country and so forth. So there's that idea that she's in the public, but in a lot of ways. I was actually astonished at her behavior because it was like, wow, you're in a public space and you're demanding that they kind of, in a lot of ways, like just France with laicite is to get part with that private space. We kind of have that also in the United States to some extent too, where we demand that people who come in public places kind of conform at least to a certain standard and when they don't, we get so upset with that. But at the same time, it's illegal to rip people's clothes off and yell at them and we have certain laws that protect us from that, thankfully. So yeah, it's very unfortunate to see those things happen. At the same time, yes, I think it's really important to consider, look, a lot of this is coming from very emotional foundation, now that emotion is completely horrible or anything, but we also have to think about the idea that reason itself, although is good, is not gonna be the only way to sort of overcome that prejudice. We also have to just be open to other arguments and open to other feelings and expressions. Yeah, that's very interesting. I mean, because this is a political issue and we tend to think of politics as something, well, I'm a political scientist, so I think a lot of thinkers do tend to approach this. This is something rational, we can argue reasonably, but I think psychology, as you've been discussing, is useful for helping us address those other ways that human beings see and understand things. Yeah, great, and I think on those lines, I think we really have to consider other things besides using reason, it could be art, it could be music, it could be photos, it could be journalism that really helps people both sides see, okay, oh, I now, given that feeling, I understand their point of view, and I think being able to do that peacefully, kindly, respectfully will get us farther than a lot of very good logical reasons. I'm not saying we should have abandoned reason, but I'm saying we definitely need to consider emotion and how its role in convincing us of each other's sides, or at least seeing each other's points of views. Yeah, acknowledging the different dimensions of how, what human beings are like, essentially. Exactly, exactly. Thank you so much, Catherine. Oh, thank you. We've been here with Catherine Almer, assistant professor of psychology at Hawaii Pacific University, talking about Francis Burkini Band and some of the psychological dimensions behind it. Thank you for joining us, you can find me here, your host Grace Chang at Global Connections every Thursday at 1 p.m. See you next time, aloha.


hey guys i'm back and hard endure trainings are as well today is pretty much a perfect day for hard endure training as you can see all the foggy conditions are pretty good and make a pretty perfect day for hard endure it's gonna be good to take the dust off and start riding again start training we're gonna do the Luzo Galaico championship again but this time the full championships or last year i just did one race and look who arrived this is filip we met on the cross country of baltard and we're gonna ride together today so let's see how it goes i'm lost from this beginning of course but behind is not interesting but it's fun well let's go over here and we'll go up over here then eventually we'll go back over here we go over here then we go down and we go down over there we'll go up and we go up again