I call it the Spectre, because in my tactics book, I talk about how we need to fight like a badger and a ghost. So that's why it gets the name the Spectre. Hey everyone, Dylan Schumacher, Citadel Defense, and we are here today to talk about the Spectre Chest Rig. So like I do with any piece of gear, I always wanna start with the why. Why do we have this piece of chest rig? Now I've made other videos in the past about why chest rigs specifically, but why this chest rig? And what did I really want out of it? When I was designing this chest rig, I was designing it with the everyday American citizen person in mind. Now that doesn't mean if you're a full-time professional soldier or other occupation that involves carrying a chest rig that you can't wear it. I hope you do, hope you love it, thank you will. But when I designed it, I was thinking for the American Minuteman prepared citizen person. And so what makes this different, right? Than any other chest rig. What makes it an American Minuteman chest rig or whatever versus not? And so I think for me that breaks down to a couple different things. So for me, it basically comes down to the three C's. And the first one is carry or capacity, however you wanna say that. But essentially, I wanted the rig to have enough capacity and be able to carry enough stuff for you to make it for the next, I don't know, four to six hours, something like that. Maybe eight if you wanna push it, right? Enough food, water, ammo, whatever that you can make it without being overly burdensome, right? Cause there are some really huge macro chest rigs that I just feel like a Michelin man in. And I didn't wanna do that. So I wanted it to be able to carry the right stuff, right? Mainly like food, medical and water. For however you wanna lay it out so that you could push it up to eight hours or you can scale it back to just a few. Depending on your mission requirements, what you wanna do, what you wanna have it set up for. But I wanted you to be able to have the option to set this up so that if all you do is grab your chest rig and your rifle, you're set for a while. You can live and fight for a while before you're gonna need help, right? Now I think chest rig should always be paired with rucks, but that's a different conversation. So that was one of my goals when setting up this chest rig is to be able to have, if you want, you could set it up so that you can grab the chest rig and the rifle and you're out the door and you're good to go. The second seat for me was compatible. It has to be compatible. And what I mean is I use the Swift Clips system up top, right? So we'll go through on the tabletop here, but it can clip into any chest rig. It's Velcro lined on the back, right? So again, we'll go through it, but that means you can attach any kind of dangler pouch system, right? It has to be compatible with all the stuff that we call industry standard now. That's very important because I don't want you to have to buy 15 pieces of gear. I bought a plate carrier once from some other company and you had to have their proprietary placard to clip into the plate carrier. And I thought, well, this is worthless. I already have three or four different placards. Why would I go out and buy your proprietary placard to clip into this plate carrier? So that one got dumped, right? So I don't want to do that to you. I want it to be compatible with all the stuff that you already have so that you could clip it into your plate carrier so it can put all your existing danglers on it. I want it to be compatible across the board with all these things, like I said, that we've come to call industry standard. I think that's very important to get the most flex and use out of your gear. Another thing I wanted to be compatible with is I wanted to be compatible with rucks, right? A lot of times, like the TAPS rig, for instance, it goes so far back here that the strap then comes over the chest rig. And I really wanted this to be upfront enough that when I put it on a pack, I'm not getting those straps that are interfering with my chest rig. So it's very important to me that when we put on the pack that it's compatible with the chest rig, or rather the chest rig's compatible with the pack, that they compare well together so that my pack strap, my ruck strap is not interfering with my chest rig. It's not getting in the way. It's not overriding a piece of gear, right? And we're able to design this that this keeps far enough forward that the straps are going to cut behind the chest rig that I can comfortably wear these two together and they're not gonna fight each other, interfere with each other. So that was a big point of compatibility with this system. And then my third C is close. I like my gear to stick close to me like glue, right? I don't like it when it's bouncing all over and moving all over heaven. I like it to stick to me like glue so that when I'm crawling, right, especially when you're crawling and you're in the prone to chest rig, right, everything's gonna be dragging. So everything needs to be secured. We'll get into how we do that a little bit later here, but everything needs to be secured. It can't be flomping around. When I'm running and I have canteens of water in here, this thing can't be just moving all over the place, right? Cause that takes energy for your body to stabilize. And I'm very happy to report and we'll get to why in a bit, but this is the tightest chest rig I have ever worn in my life and we were able to design it so that it really does stick close to you and stick tight so that even when you're running with full canteens and full load out, it sticks to you. It doesn't feel like it's bouncing over. It doesn't feel like it's draining you. It really, really sticks to you. And I think that's super, super important. So those are my three C's. And those are kind of my guiding principles when I designed this chest rig. So now that we've talked about the why and we've established what the philosophical foundation is for this chest rig, let's go down to the tabletop. Let's take a look at it and let's get into the details of what it is and how it works. Okay, so firstly, this does come in four different colors, right? So we have the fed cam, the multi-cam. We have Ranger Green, Coyote Brown, and then of course, the most important, Woodland, right? So we do have all four colors available. Now I'm gonna demonstrate primarily on this Ranger Green one just cause I think it will be the easiest to see. So the first thing is we have six magazines upfront, right? These mag pouches are double mag pouches. So as you can see here, they're gonna fit two mags each upfront, okay? Now we rode that at about a little over three quarters height, okay? And then the Velcro runs over the top. So if you want, if you don't want that, you can always tuck it, right? But that way you can still get full Velcro connection cause the Velcro comes up to the top of the mag here, but I can still get full Velcro connection on that mag. This is looped up here and this is designed big enough to be able to grab with gloves. I went through a couple different prototypes with this and the first ones were too small. So I did enlarge this a bit so that you can easily remove that with gloves, okay? The other option, the other way you can store mags up here is with this elastic band around here, you are able to stuff all of this down in here and then you can just run this as an open top magazine pouch if you're into that kind of thing. So you can run both of them open like that or leave a couple closed and one open, right? Whatever you wanna do, but you do have that option. You even have that option to continue to do that, make this nice and pretty for you here with one magazine. Even with one magazine in there, the elastic is tight enough that that's not gonna come out. Now, if you invert, you tip this upside down, right? Yeah, it's gonna come out if you invert and tip it upside down. So if you're gonna do anything on a helicopters, I suggest you use the flaps. But I have run around in here in the snow, I've tripped, I've fallen, I've bit it, I've done everything I could to get this to come out just under normal use conditions and it doesn't come out. It sits deep enough and it holds tight enough that again, unless you fully invert and if you're doing that kind of stuff, just use the flaps, this mag is gonna stay seated, okay? So that's really cool. And again, all three of them are like that. So we end up with six mags up front. Now, why six mags up front? Honestly, because it's the most I could fit there to still keep the chest rig reasonably sized. I would always prefer 45 magazines up front. However, that's just not reasonable. So I realized that it turns out to be a standard, like military loadout, right? Six mags on, one in the gun. However, you can run more if you see fit. Point being that I wanted mags up front. So on chest rigs, it's important to me to keep the primary tools up front. Why do I primarily keep a chest rig? To feed my rifle, that's the most important reason. So that gets the prime real estate. That gets the prime real estate right up front where I can feed my rifle with the most important, that's the most important job that the chest rig has, right? The side pouches, those become secondary things. But this is the most important part. This is the most important space. So we dedicate that to fill it with as many magazines as we can fit in there while still maintaining the overall profile of the chest rig that's important. So that's why we end up with six mags up front. Now, next to that, we have these GP pouches, which I am really, really proud of. So first of all, we have a little two by four Velcro field up here. This is for ID, right? So if you want to ID, this is a med pouch, for example, like I did on this multicam version, right? This is my med kit over here. Or whatever else you'd want to designate it for, you could designate it. Or if you just want to put a patch in there to look cool, hey, that's great too, okay? This opens up. And then this is a pretty decent sized GP pouch. You can fit a lot of different things in there. You could fit your night vision in there. You can fit your thermal in there.  You can fit a decent amount of things in here. Now, what I really like and what I designed this to be is super compatible with water bottles. So if you want to run a water bottle, there is a channel back here on the top. And you can pull the strap out of that channel. You can take that flap and stuff it down in there. And then you can fit your canteen in there. This comes right over the top. The canteen fits right through this Y-shaped part in the buckle. You clip it in, you tighten that up, boom. This extra strap here can run up to the elastic on one of the sides, just like that. So that way you can carry a water bottle here. Same thing both sides, right? You can run it one over here too or you can just run one and then a poncho on the other or one and tools and equipment on the other. Again, however you want to run it. But I set that up to be that way there. Same pouch on the other side. Now, on the side of these GP pouches, this top elastic strap here is just to try to keep that pouch tight. These two right here are designed to run a tourniquet in. So like I have it set up here, you can see I have a tourniquet staged over here. Now some guys have had more success running the tourniquets upside down because they're easier to pull out. This one you can see I'm only running it through one of the elastic straps. You can run it through both if you want. This is very tight. When you get it through both elastic straps, it's super tight. It's not going anywhere it shouldn't. Yeah, it's still removable. Yeah, it's still accessible. But it is definitely on there securely. So I feel really good about that. Now on this other side here, I have two little inserts for a chem light. So you can fit a chem light in there. You can fit a pen in there or a permanent marker. I have run here on the multi-cam one. I've run a carabiner through one of them to hang my gloves off of. I've also run a loop of paracord through to run tape off the other one. So you can really do again whatever you want there. But what those were originally designed was to hold the chem lights with. Chem lights, marker, something that size. I would not recommend putting in batteries. That'll probably be too loose. You'll probably end up losing your batteries. But a chem light because it's got a thicker end on one end. If you run that on top, the thicker end on top, it's not gonna slip through and fall out. I've had no problems there. One other thing about the GP pouches.  They are not designed to fit a canteen cup in. Now I say that, can you force a canteen cup into this pouch? Yes, yes you can. So you can fit a canteen in there and then you can run your water bottle in there. Now I will, that's backwards. Let's put that in the correct way. Now I will tell you that when you run that canteen cup in there, it is not the most removable while it's on your body. So if you decide to force it in there, what you can do, you're gonna have to take this chest break off probably to get this canteen cup out. Because it just needs some work in order to get out. And doing this while it's on your chest is not easy. Ask me how I know. But you can get that canteen cup to ride in there if you want. But it just, it really takes a lot of work to get it out. Similar to like an Eagle Industries canteen pouch. If you've ever run one of those mil-surp ones, once you get the canteen cup in those things it's really tough to get out. So again, can be done, not designed to do but it will work for you. One other thing about these GP pouches is that I did put dummy cord loops on them. So that's what this loop is right here. This is for dummy cording something into. And then there is also one, and I will see if I can get on the shop, but there's also one in the bottom of this pouch. So that you have two places dummy cord things to. So if you wanted to run again, any sensitive equipment like air compass or your thermal or whatever, anything out of here that you don't wanna lose, you can dummy cord right to this pouch. People don't put enough dummy cords on pouches and places dummy cord things to and it drives me nuts. So I'm very happy to be able to give you some dummy cord options so that you can get your gear secured to your chest rig so you're not gonna lose it. One time doing a simulation course, my whole team died. And so I got up and I sprinted out of there cause everyone was dead except for me and I was trying to not die.  So my night vision device is out. I can't see, I'm sprinting through the dark. I crashed right into a bush and just bite it, just face plant. And I remember in that moment thinking, I'm really glad I have everything dummy corded down right now because I'm not worried about losing everything. So dummy cord your sensitive gear items, I give you a spot to do that. These pouches do have grommet holes in the bottom of them for drainage and you could also use that as another dummy cord point if you really wanted. All of the mag pouches also have grommets, right? So everything's gonna drain out just fine. One other thing I did wanna point out about this GP pouch that I almost forgot is that it is both a Velcro and a buckle closure. So if you need to get something out of here real quick and you only have time to slap that close, that Velcro is still gonna close the pouch.  And then as you have time and opportunity or later when you're out of stop or something, you can always press that buckle in for full secure closure. And of course nothing's coming out of that. But I did wanna give you two different closure options there so that again, you have a quick closure and a permanent closure depending on how you wanna run it. You could also just feed this buckle out and only operate it on Velcro and do whatever suits your fancy. Moving up to the H harness. So fairly standard H harness. The top row of this Mali ladder here is elastic, okay? And I do that to give you something to clip your radio to, for instance, right? Something that has a little bit of stretch, a little bit of give so that it's not hard pointed there and it will flex with you just a little bit. This sleeve right here is a comms channel sleeve. So this is designed to run any kind of cabling or water bladder or whatever that you would have. It is double stitched on the ends so it does not catch when you're running a wire through there. It's real simple to feed a like auxiliary cord. So I will use this most often to run from my push to talk, I'll run an auxiliary cord through the channel up to my ears and that works pretty well. It retains everything, keeps it kind of protected. And again, because these ends are double stitched right up to the edge, that is not gonna catch on anything as you're trying to feed that cord in and it makes it real simple to do that. On the back strap, so this is elastic back here. So it is a pull forward design with a little bit of elastic. So what you do is you put this on, you grab this strap and you pull forward and then that will tighten it up and that is one of the ways this chest rig is able to achieve such good tension and keep your gear so tight. Is that when you put this on, this is the strap that you grab on both sides. You pull forward as you need and that will tighten up very nicely. So I'm a really big fan of this system. If I were you, what I would do when I get this is I would kind of find out where I want this one to be. I would set it, I would tape it on this side and then I would roll this elastic keeper up here wherever you think you're gonna need it and then when you pull forward then if you want you can stuff that through the elastic from there. But I would take this one, I would set it where I want it, I would give that a couple of rolls of electrical tape and then I would use this one only as my adjustment when I'm taking the rig on and off in order to achieve that perfect tension. I've been doing that, had a lot of success with it, highly recommend it, super excited about that. So on the map pocket, what I did is I ran four inches of soft sided velcro down the inside. So this is the side that faces your body, that's four inches of soft sided velcro. So it gives you a lot more options than just maps or papers. We're gonna come up with some inserts later but some way to store some different kinds of equipment in here, which will be very beneficial to you. And that four inches of soft sided velcro is gonna help give you some future expansion options there. On the back we have a very large field, I think this is about 10 by six of velcro so that this is compatible with all your danglers. So if you roll one pouch, this is the T-Rex kangaroo pouch.  So we made it again, fully compatible with all the industry standard stuff back here. Now when we talk about compatibility, this is the T-Rex Arms plate carrier, they're AR-1 I think it's called if I remember right. And it uses the standard Swift clips just like a lot of plate carriers do, doesn't have to be this plate carrier specifically. But if that's what you wanna do, you can easily clip this chest rig into here. Take that velcro off, slap the velcro down and boom. Now your chest rig is compatible with your plate carrier. So it's a very easily compatible system just like it should be. There is our nice little tag here, it's a Citadel Offense made in the USA. This is a berry compliant chest rig, meaning that all the parts are sourced in the USA, all the labor is in the USA, it's 100% USA made. So very proud to be able to offer that. Behind the GP pouch, we have two little slip pockets here. Now these slip pockets are designed for two things I had in mind. First off is again, we have two tie down loops here, that's what the shock cord is run through, shock cord comes with it. And that was originally designed to fit a radio, right? So this is a waterproof baofang radio, this is the GT3WP, okay? That can fit in there, no problem, okay? You can fit that in there with stuff in front of the pouch, it's gonna be tight, it's supposed to be tight, but you can fit this radio in here with a canteen in here, with a med kit in here, whatever, okay? The other thing you can do, this is a baofang, the UV5R, this is with the Extendo battery, right? That's also gonna fit in here, no problem. Okay, and then again you can adjust your shock cord to hold that up how you'd like, okay? This is the AR152, kind of the baofang version of the PRC152, now this one will fit in here, this is probably about the biggest radio you're gonna fit, or thereabouts, okay? Now when you put this one in here, you are gonna lose some space in your pocket, right? Running this in here with a water bottle up here is gonna be a little bit tougher. So that's with that AR152 in there. If we take the water bottle and now we try to put this in there, can it be done? Yes, okay, it can be done. It's gonna be a tight fit, okay? You're gonna wanna make sure you have your keys locked on your radio so that the canteen is not interfering in pressing back and bumping all your buttons. But you can fit them both in there, it's just again, it's gonna be tight. But that's what it's supposed to be because we don't want gear flumping all over. That's probably about the biggest radio you're gonna put in there. The other thing I had in mind for that slip pocket was I always wanna place them out my knife. I never have a good spot to mount my knives on my chest rigs and I always gotta jerry rig it. So with this, I wanted that slip pocket to be tight enough that I could paracord in my knife. So what I've done here is any sheath that has any kind of lashing points, you can just run that paracord through those loops that we talked about earlier, those tie-down loops, and now you have a good spot to put your knife. And that way you can carry a knife really easily on your chest rig. There's a lot of different aftermarket options. I know of how to carry knives in different places you can velcro them in and you could probably figure out a velcro into the center map pocket if you want or back off the dangler. But I like to just be able to have an organic solution right on the chest rig that's gonna allow me to carry my blade. I like carrying blades on chest rigs. I think we should all carry blades on chest rigs. So this is a really simple spot that you can easily paracord your knife in and you're set to go. So everyone, that is it. That is the Spectre Chest Rig by Citadel Defense. I am super proud of it. I hope that you really like it and enjoy it. And you can feel free to go over to my website and pick one up at your leisure. Do brave deeds and endure.


this year. Is he there now? There you go. I think I'm going to do a television ad for some telephone company. Perfect. How you doing, buddy? I'm doing all right. Oh, you hang it in there. Tell me what that game was like, Gary. Well, it was I mean, obviously very strange. There was a lot of anxiety surrounding it because a couple of games have been postponed in the question of whether or not that game should have been played at all. Remained in the air. Was it going to cause a centerpiece for further problems? Or was it going to be a centerpiece for kind of calming things down? And nobody knew the answer to that. And then you get the ballgame itself is just so strange. You realize how much the crowd really matters to the broadcast and obviously to the players too. And I think the attitude that whole day for everybody involved was, you know, let's do this thing. Let's get it over with and let's get out of here with the hope that there would be no further problems and there weren't. Yeah, that's a great comparison because as you said, there are a lot of people who felt like it shouldn't have been played. That was kind of the feeling going into the possibility of these games because of the coronavirus being played in front of an empty building like should the game be played and and having your heart not completely in something that you're doing in the challenge of that, not just for the players, but for you as a broadcaster. Yeah, because you're it's a whole different set of circumstances and the things you think about. I mean, going I remember going to the ballpark is like, how am I going to? What am I going to do here? Can I get excited? Should I get excited? Is it okay to get excited? Do I remain the, you know, just completely calm? And at one point I thought, you know, it's more like doing the masters and the 18th hole with a couple guys going for birdie into the jacket than it was doing a baseball game because you felt as though you had to be silent almost. But you couldn't be silent because there was no other noise to fill the gap. So you had to be saying something. But what what should you say? So there's all kinds of that kind of mental stuff going on. And I think for the players that may have been we're going to go out and play.  Nobody's going to be there. You're still get involved in the game. You try and perform. You do the best you can. But there's very little there's very little excitement about this. Now kind of just going through the motions. Do you believe? I mean, obviously the press box is is raised from the field. But if there's nobody in the crowd and you have a great voice that really carries, did you think the players heard you? Was that were you conscious about that? Adam Jones came out and told me to hold it down. That was during the game. Oh, yeah. Yeah.  So yes, yes, players did hear you. And he said it with a smile on his face. He was joking, but it was just to point out just how quiet it was. Gary, I think this is such an interesting subject in one day. I think there'll be a fascinating 30 for 30 on this event and how it played out in Baltimore. One of the storylines there. I really think has to be Buck Showalter and the role that he played in Baltimore during that time and how outspoken he was. How did you guys process sort of the role that Buck played? And do you think the community was aware and sort of appreciative of his outspokenness during that time? I think I don't think he's ever gotten enough credit for his response to the whole situation, not just the ballpark situation, but what was going on in Baltimore. I don't think a lot of people know, you know, but Buck's dad was in his own way a very strong civil rights advocate as a teacher, superintendent in a school system where there was racism. And Buck grew up with that and has very strong feelings about racism against and very strongly speaks out when he thinks it's there. And part of that, I think, is what led Buck to be so strong in the support of the community, in support of the city. It wasn't about taking sides. It was about trying to realize how this was a community problem that was going on, that the community was going to have to solve it, that it was going to have to involve people of all color in all backgrounds. And Buck preached that, if you will, and how he conducted himself and in what he said. And I think he had a tremendous impact in that setting more, I think, than people know. I was thinking that we're trying to find positives that come out of this, Gary. And one of the positives is you don't have to announce Glabor Taurus for the first three games of the season. Glabor Taurus. Glabor Taurus? I don't know him. The way you handled that was spectacular, Gary. We loved it. We played that back a bunch. It was honest to God, look, it was just me. That's just me. There was nothing planned there. I love him. I congratulate him on the way he has performed overall, but particularly against the Orioles. But it was just so devastating. I mean, it was every at that he was doing tremendous damage. And maybe that is the positive out of this. Amazing. Yeah, it's great. Gary, thank you for joining us. We really appreciate it, buddy. If I can have just any time. Wait, wait, Don has another question, Gary, just because I might have told him this story years ago, but I don't know if the audience ever heard this story. I don't know if Gary even remembers 1989. I'm a young devil fan in the devil fan club.  He was Jim corn. Remember Jim corn? Jim corn. Yeah. And they said to me they came to me, they apologized to me and said, Listen, Jim canceled. We're going to put you with the announcers and me being a young like wanting to be in the sports business wanting to do NHL get play by play. They put me with you and Chris Moore, who was the radio announcer for the devils. Yep.  And it's somebody that is in the business and I'm getting to do NHL play by play. Thank you. And I still have your autograph in my man cave. Wow, from the table. It's like the devil logo with the table we're at yeah, and Gary autographed it and so to Chris Moore and I haven't hanging up there. So that was a long time ago over 30 years ago. But thank you. That was very nice of you. That's a nice pilot. And I've always said that's what makes this business worthwhile. I mean, I didn't even know the story. Gary, I'm so sorry. He annoys me for four hours a day. And I had worked with him. I can't even imagine what he did to you. Listen, Doc's amazing. I mean, doc is phenomenal. But boy, do I miss Thorne and Clement doing a big NHL game on the SPN or ABC. Do you miss it, Gary? Thank you. I miss the playoffs. Always have to me. There's nothing in sports that equals the two and a half months of the NHL playoffs. It's to me, it's the most spectacular sports presentation that there is and the players give more in those two and a half months when I think any any players given any of the sport. Hopefully we get to see it this year. Yeah, stay safe, my friend. Exactly. All right, follow. Take care. Be well. All right. Thank you. Now, variety is just reporting Peter. Yeah. You want to read it? No, no, that's not what I had. It's something else. Go ahead. WWE moves Smackdown live to Orlando Performance Center with no live audience due to Corona virus. So that was speculated yesterday and then the WWE said they were still planning to move forward in Detroit tomorrow night. I'm not surprised. They're going to move it to the PC in Florida. It's probably the right thing if that's in fact true. You said it was Hollywood reporter. No variety variety. So yeah, it's probably legit and also we were talking to Gary Thorne. Of course, the voice of the Orioles and just a few minutes ago I heard from my friends in Maryland. All public schools closed in the state of Maryland March 16th to March 27th. So it's going to be interesting to see how that plays out across all 50 states and we were talking


It's been a long time since I played pinball. I play it every time I'm here. Do ya? Is this your favorite thing to do at the terminal? Where'd you grow up? Maine. Maine? Florida, North Carolina, military brought. Oh, OK. Tennessee. What branch? My dad was in the Coast Guard. OK. Was that good for you? He felt. Oh, it sucked. Always being the new kid. I was, you're not going to believe this, but I was very shy growing up and I didn't talk to anybody. Well, so I would say that maybe that helped you. Because you had to make new friends everywhere. I was the kid that got picked on. Oh, really? Oh, I got bullied so bad in school. But I can't notice I was very, very, very, very shy. And I also ended up going into foster care at 14 years old. So I was shy and abused. And kids just pick up on something that's different. So how did you get into trucking? This is the funny part. My first driver's license of any type, car, truck, whatever, was at 40 years old. Really? Yeah. I didn't drive anything until I was 40 years old. And then two years later, I got my CDLs. That's amazing. But as a truck driver, Knight's been my only company. And I got my million miles in seven years, seven months. Mama gets it. So you said you had some kids. How many kids do you have? One brat and one grand brat. OK. And they live in Idaho. My daughter lives in Idaho. If it wasn't for the money I made with Knight, I wouldn't have had the money to help her, support her financially while she went through school. She's a single mom. She is a respiratory therapist. She makes $38 an hour. It's so hard. I mean, I can remember literally when I first left my husband, not a good situation, I can remember living in my car with my daughter and going behind like Dunkin' Donuts and stuff like that at the end of the day when they throw all their food out and digging in the trash to feed my kids. Wow, Cynthia. So I went from living in a car to doing Christmas cancun vacations. Yeah. What a story. So what do you attribute your success to? I used every available program that was out there. So all the resources. And every resources. And it was a hand up, not a hand out. This is one of the blessings Knight has given me that Knight doesn't even know about. When I do layovers in different resets, I go to the local batter women's shelter and I tell my story. Knight gave me a chance. There's that loyalty and that respect in that family. And most people know me. Yeah, well. Because I'm insane. What a story. Should we go play some pinball? Let's go play pinball. And then I went. Rookie. I'm a rookie for your Star Wars fan. No, I just like pinball. What's happening right now? You got the bonus. You got it in there. It'll kick it back out. Shoot the fighter. So you said you had two dogs? Yes. One's a service dog. I'm a diabetic. Does that mean your breath that they can tell if my sugar gets low? Oh, really? Yeah. What does he do when he knows your sugar's low? Barks at me.


Welcome to the non profit show. We are so glad you're here with us today for today's discussion with James Golder partnerships manager at Bloomerang and James is here to talk to us about turning your volunteers into donors so he's got some really good insight to share with us. Before we start the conversation, we always like to remind you who we are as co host. So hello to Julia Patrick as you, if you're watching and not just listening you notice, she's not here today so we wish her the best and enjoy your day off. I'm the CEO of the American nonprofit Academy and we have Julia to thank for this amazing broadcast and platform, because she had the foresight to say back in March of 2020. Hey, I have this kooky idea Jared would you serve alongside me as a co host and I said, absolutely. Although I will tell you James I wasn't quite sure what I was signing up for at that time. But I'm Jared ransom your nonprofit nerd and CEO of the Raven group and together we have helped to produce over 900 episodes. Thank you to our amazing presenting sponsors that Bloomerang is absolutely one of those. In fact, one of the spearheading sponsors so thank you to Bloomerang American nonprofit Academy fundraising Academy at National University nonprofit thought leader your part time controller staffing boutique nonprofit nerd as well as nonprofit tech talk. Thank you to these companies that believe in us trust in us and also pour into our communities and our mission so if you haven't had the opportunity to connect with these companies we highly encourage you to do so. If you need an introduction, please let us know and we would be more than happy to do that for you. So many episodes are loaded onto variety of platforms so there's no excuse to not consume this information whether you're cooking or exercising or traveling. So you can find us on streaming broadcast podcast and also download the app, and in just a couple of hours after our live conversation right now with James you will get a notification that this conversation is now uploaded in perpetuity for you to binge watch and listen to at any time so James thank you for joining us again those of you that have joined us at any time live or one of the recordings James Golder is here with us today. Back with us because you've been on several times over the last four years, you serve as partnerships manager at Bloomerang and again Bloomerang comm is the website so please do check them out. Welcome back to you James. No thank you Jared it's so great to be here I always have such a nice time with you and sorry Julie is not here but I'm looking forward to our conversation.  But I remember you saying like oh yeah this one's a kachina or this one you know whatever, whatever the shirts are and so when Julia let me know that you are a guest she said, you know the guy that wears the fun shirts. And now I just, I have a black Bloomerang shirt on I'm at a conference and there are a lot of people at Bloomerang who will yell at me if I wear a Hawaiian shirt at a conference so I have to tone it down a little bit sorry. No, I completely understand well, you are at a conference and what you shared with me earlier is you were speaking at the conference, you know, around the same topic so it's fresh on your mind but I also know you eat breathe and sleep this content anyway so let's dive in with you know how we can move volunteers into donors and the first topic we want to have you touch on is this, I'm going to call it a stat a data point is that volunteers donate actually 10 times more than those who do not volunteer. That is shocking. Tell us more about this. Yeah, I was stunned the first time I saw this statistic. And yet the more that I thought through it and the more I continue to think through it, I think it makes sense. So, these people go to whatever the nonprofit is, they get a chance to see that nonprofit in action. They're seeing the impact unfold all around them they're seeing the change in the community. As they get their hands dirty as they get in there and help in any way that they can. So, there's a natural connection being forged as they volunteer so when you then make that pivot and say, Hey, you're already donating your time we appreciate that so much. Would you consider monetary donations as well. That connection is already so strong. That makes a lot of sense. You're not having to sell them as much you're not having to convince them so much. I already know the great stuff that you're doing and they've already said yeah I want to support you with my time so money makes sense to. Yeah, you know, one of the audiences I think of with volunteers first and foremost are our board members right so they are fiduciary agents but by I'm going to say by and large they're often not always often. One of the most like target audiences that are so invested right like they're leading the organization from a legal fiduciary standpoint and their volunteers. Absolutely. Such a great group to get in front of and talk through all of those opportunities so I would also urge you to talk with them about being a regular volunteer in some other capacity aside from being just a board member, but also talk with them about the financial contributions as well so their their heads down focused on, you know, the staffing and budget concerns and all of that kind of stuff so getting them in front of the impact that you do that you accomplish on a day to day and week to week basis can kind of rejuvenate them a little bit, you know kind of remind them oh that's right that's why I give so much time to this organization because we're doing so many cool things. We can see the mission, you know, in action, not sitting around the board table which we can still bring the mission in, but that's that's a great example. Talk to us if you would so we can better understand what motivates our volunteers what's driving them to to give of their time so generously what are some of these motivations you're seeing. There's a few things there's been some studies done on this and one a couple of things stand out. I think there are certainly emotional and mental health and physical benefits that come from volunteering so I know that for a personal example, our youngest had a tough time during the pandemic. No, you know no surprise lots of teenagers did. And so we we decide my wife and I decided that maybe we'll let her foster some kittens. And it was so our house is a little bit of a zoo right now, as it has been for the last couple years, but in a good way, and it really it really helped her a great deal to have something else to focus on to you know realize okay we got to get their weight up because we got to get these little guys spade and neutered and, you know, gives them the goal and the purpose and all of that and it was a real boom for her mental health and emotional well being and all of that which I think is a wonderful reason to volunteer. And then you have people who want to give back to their community, who maybe have needed some services needed some help in the past whatever the situation is and they want to be able to give back and contribute somehow. And then you have people who just see it as a good civic, you know, duty sort of thing so there's a lot of reasons why people volunteer. And it's a really important point to understand why they're volunteering to make sure that you're addressing that and thanking them for that and then that'll help keeping them come back to volunteer time after time. You know that brings up a great point I'm going to three this curveball but I know you're going to knock it out of the park. When someone expresses their interest to volunteer, is that the time when we asked them their motivation. I'm sure I think it depends a little bit on the relationship that you have with that person so if it's the first time that you've ever encountered them. Feel that a little bit if they're eager and smiling and happy to be there and they're engaging with you then absolutely heck yeah ask them if they're a little more reserved. There could be a million reasons why they're volunteering and you might need to earn that trust a little bit before you try to leverage it so I hate to equivocate but I think that it depends a little bit on what the person is like and kind of how you read that situation. When you bring up a good point that even the the origin motivation might change and evolve over time I know I've heard a beautiful story with one of my clients that there is an older woman that was coming to volunteer within the senior program right so she's also a senior and wanted to be of service to other seniors. That was her original motivation but then when she really dug into her volunteer time she said you know what this is benefiting me way more than I think I'm actually benefiting you know the mission and those that I'm serving. And so hearing that evolution you know and you speak to it James so beautifully is that there's so many benefits to volunteering you know. And even though one motivation again might be our origin story of what brings us into the mission. There's so many motivations for us to consider and they they could add up over time. That is such a great point that things evolve I mean think about all of our relationships with each other and how they change over time. And where you start with something and where you end up halfway through and where you finish those may all be different and that's okay. That's great it may be that they get in they volunteer they look around and they say I had no idea the scope of what you do. I came to volunteer with this little piece but I see what you're doing over here and I want to be a part of that too. It's awesome it's fantastic. I want to do that too I love that. Talk to us about segmentation so I feel us going fast through this conversation and we only have 30 minutes right on today's episode and all episodes so there's a lot to cover. But if you would. Why should we or even should we segment our volunteers and if we should be doing this James. How should we go about doing this. Yeah, so yes. Yes, you should segment your volunteers. One of my favorite segments is volunteers who have never donated. So if you're able to run that segment thing you can approach them a little bit different than a cold, you know approach where you've never spoken with that person before, because this person already knows what you're doing they already understand the impact that you're having. If you are able to take it a step further, and then also segment by capacity, you can kind of segment out a little bit and approach the people with major gift capabilities, a little bit differently. The volunteers who haven't donated who don't have major donor capabilities. Maybe you talk to them about monthly giving, but you're going to talk to them and kind of meet them where they are you're going to explain the need to them and then give them the opportunity to help that opportunity, whatever the need is. I will say that the statistics that I have seen the last couple of years told me that volunteers are almost universally really well educated. So a lot of them have a master's degree or higher. And they're also, if you look at the generational breakdown and I'm smiling because I'm so happy to say this. The generation that is volunteering the most right now is gen X. Woohoo. So finally, we're at the top of somebody's list we don't get overlooked for something I can't believe it but it's happened. Congratulations, right. Right, you know, finally. So then the reason I bring that up is that that tells us that again, generally speaking not true for everybody but generally speaking, your volunteers are well educated so they're again generally going to be making more money. And they're at the height or near the height of their earning power. So, figure out how to segment out again the people who haven't donated but have volunteered figure out how to segment out the capacity, because you don't want to send an email to someone who has the capacity to be to be a major donor. An email that says hey join a monthly giving program want to try to segment that out but if you can approach those two groups a little bit differently you're going to have a ton of success, especially if you're wondering how am I going to get my monthly giving program started. This is a great way to do that.  And I know because I've had my hands in blooming with a lot of different clients. There's some, you know reports that are already made there it's like a template report if you will or you can start one from scratch. Yeah, another curve ball James but when we talk about segmentation should we be looking at like three key segmentation areas specifically in volunteers. Should we look at whittling that down further is there like a set recipe for what that might look like. There's a set recipe but you can be as creative and drill down as much as you want, and it really does depend on the organization as well so I would start by segmenting out the people who have volunteered but never donated. And then segmenting by capacity if you can if you also are able to take a look at other areas of engagement. So, are they attending events, opening emails. So, any any other areas that they might be interacting and engaging with you that's going to help give you a more complete picture of how important you are to them, and should help you guide that conversation. So, if you think about a school, for instance, maybe you have parents who are volunteering. So that's an extra layer of connection that you can address when you segment and break those break everything down. The more, I mean the more specialized you can do up to a certain point, the better, because you can really craft those messages to really connect with people. But like you said, everyone's time is precious and maybe don't have as much time to drill down as deep as you want so do what you can start with what you can do and and take it from there. I love that it can seem overwhelming and I also will say, you know, from experience once you set these reports up, you can simply change the dates or change some parameters. It's almost you know, get the recipe if you will in place for the report you want to pull, and then slightly change it you know every so often depending on what that looks like. One of the things that I've done, and if you don't mind me sharing is, you know, I have looked at what where, where are their volunteers that have not, you know, made a made a financial donation and then ask them for a very simple $5 $10 $25 donation for one time right because my goal was, we want to move them from a big goose egg to something right and then once they become a financial donor. On top of that, you know, time donor, then we can start stewarding them in a little different way. So for me, it's like just something you know we just want to move that needle ever so slightly and it doesn't have to be a $1,000 gift I said $5 $5 $10 $25 anything like that I think will really move the needle. Well very few people are going to start off and make their first gift $1,000 right if you get that celebrate I mean throw yourself a party because that's awesome but it's not going to happen very often. Exactly. So, yeah, I love that because if you get them in the door, and you shepherd them and you steward them and you engage with them well, and keep communicating and tell those stories of the impact and all of that you're just going to deepen that relationship. And that's going to allow you to to go back and continue to have those conversations with them. That's a great idea. Yeah, well right on cue you said the word story so how can we best connect with our volunteers using storytelling. So, it's really interesting and forgive me in advance because I'm going to brag on my oldest child. Oh, don't don't tell the rest of the kids. Our oldest lives in Chicago, it takes the L train to and from work 45 minutes each way or whatever it is, and reads a lot, a lot of books. So I'm talking about like 150 a year or so something like that. Yeah, exactly. It's a lot of books, help me lucky if I get 150 and a lifetime. Oh, believe me I totally understand. Here's the bragging part and again I apologize. She is an Instagram influencer for books. So, publishers send her books before they're printed or before they're published and get her to post her takes on Instagram and all that. That's how many books she reads it's really pretty cool. That's really cool. So, I read a fair amount not not like that but I read a fair amount myself and we we send books back and recommendations back and forth every once in a while. It's not every book that either of us reads, but when we read something really really good. We'll send each other a text and say hey check this out I think you really enjoy it. And I started thinking about why that is why do I send some book recommendations to her but not all of them and vice versa. And I think it really comes down to character development. So, most stories have, you know, some sort of conflict.  They're all going to have a loose, you know, some sort of obstacle that needs to be overcome and then some sort of resolution. But the ones that really capture our attention, in my opinion, are the ones with good characters in it. So that's a long way of me getting to the idea that when we're telling these stories to our donors and to our volunteers, we need to make sure that we have good characters in there. And I realize a lot of privacy concerns we may not be able to name people or show their photos or anything like that totally get it totally understand. So make it anonymous or, you know, change the name I whatever you come up with, but make sure that the stories have the people in them, because that's what other people are really going to care about. When you engage your donors and your volunteers with those stories with the characters that they're going to care about that's when you're really going to move the needle and see some really wonderful results. Wow, I'm just so consumed with listening to this story that you're telling I'm like, what's I want to turn the page what's next what's next. I love that and I'm going to ask a question. As it relates to character development, if we can look at it that way through, you know, the nonprofit I'm going to say fundraising lens and volunteer engagement lens right should we pick a couple of characters and characters I'm using as clients participants, you know, should we pick a couple of them and use that same story throughout the year. What, what does that look like because I'm kind of envisioning James if you will like, let's, let's have three stories that storylines that we want to tell and again it could be through an animal it could be through a child it could be through an adult or an entire family unit. Should we continue building that story through the year, or should we pick little vignettes to tell the story through. Yeah, I love the idea of continuing the story throughout the year. I, it's not always going to be practical and it won't always work but when it does. I think it can be incredibly powerful. So, let's think about a habitat for humanity that is going to be working with the family on their first home. They've never owned a home before. And their, you know, their kids have struggled because they live in an apartment complex and it's really noisy and they're not getting their homework done. And all of a sudden they're going to, you know, so you can tell that bit of the story and then you can talk about them coming in and working on building that home and how excited the kids are when they get out to the work site. And then you can talk about, you know, a few months later, how that new home has made such a difference. The kids are a lot more rested and they're able to do their homework well and the grades are going up and all of that. And there's some really, just off the top of my head, some really cool stories that you could tell through that entire process that I think would really resonate and impact nicely with both your volunteers and your donors. Yeah, absolutely. And I helped a client write a story. Their mission truly was child welfare, and they do it through the vehicle of pet therapy. And so, if you remember the Bush's Beans commercial, right, where like the dog is talking about the recipe for the Bush beans, right, like, we kind of took a twist on that and we had a dog tell his story, his journey, which we had to make it up for the dog. You know, of, here is the day in the life of, of my, you know, my life and I'm always so excited when I get to see Gabriella, you know, and that was child being impacted because it was so precarious around showing photos of the children telling telling the actual names right and so we switched it and we used the dog as like the story, which was, it was really cool and I have to tell you like, you know, the comments we got back from the recipients of these letters was fantastic and so we're like, what the heck let's try it. I love that so much and I'm thinking about our youngest fostering kittens. And I'm already thinking, alright, I need to go talk to cats cradle and tell them this because they can tell the story from the kittens perspective of, you know, we're scared and a shelter and then this, you know, wonderful, 16 year old picks us up and takes us home and cares for us. Oh, exactly. Oh, it's fantastic. I love that so much. That's a wonderful idea. Yeah, well this has been fantastic, you know, volunteers make up a huge component of our community, right through the connections and all that they provide and so James. Thank you for telling your stories with us here today. For those of you watching and listening James Golder has joined me in conversation he is partnerships manager at Bloomerang and joined us from the road because you're in DC at a conference is that right. You can see the Washington monument from my for my window right here. It's pretty great. Nice view. Oh, I love that. Well this has been fantastic. Every single month we have a representative from Bloomerang on and we're so grateful to have you back with us and I know we'll have you again. I can't wait to get this story about the kittens from your daughter and hear hear about that so thank you for joining us and shining light on how we can engage our volunteers to become donors. And another curveball but do you happen to know how many volunteers there are in our nation right now. Is that a stat that you're aware of. I think I'm doing this from memory so. Okay, sure. We won't hold you to it. No angry letters, but I think I saw fairly recently, something like 770 million, I think people volunteer in a given year. A lot. Yeah, that's a lot. Yeah, and it's and it's an audience that we shouldn't forget right like and also not not take them lightly because they are so invested they give up their time they give 10 times more as we learned. So thank you James for for bringing this to conversation. Julia missed a riveting conversation but I was here for it it was a page turner and I just, I want more. I wish you and I could sit on this L train with your child and go through more stories. I also want to express my immense gratitude to the entire team at Bloomerang for being a presenting sponsor and to our other presenting sponsors that allow us to continue these episodes marching towards our 900th episode will reach that in October. I know thank you also to American nonprofit Academy, fundraising Academy at National University, nonprofit thought leader, your part time controller, staffing boutique, nonprofit nerd, as well as nonprofit tech talk. Please check out these companies, you just heard from James here from Bloomerang, every single one of these companies comes on and shares with us, you know about what's going on in the sector what they're seeing at conferences and talking with the tons of different, you know, nonprofits around the globe. That's a great impact so today has been fantastic James thank you for spending your time, especially on the road and fitting us into your schedule. As we end every episode and we have for the last. Well, we're in our fourth year. We want to remind all of you to please stay well, so you can do well. Thank you James. Thank you. Thanks. Alright, chat soon.


Hey, this is Brett. And this 2020 GMC Yukon SLT is stock number 13448Z. I am here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, you're new and used SUV headquarters. This 2020 GMC Yukon has the 5.3-liter V8 gas engine. It's paired up with the six-speed automatic transmission. This Yukon has been fully safety to and inspected by our service shop for the state of Wisconsin inspection process. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. And it is 100% ready to go. I'm going to go all the way around in this video. Inside, start it up, take a look under the hood, and give you the most accurate representation of the vehicle that I can. Quicksilver metallic is the color, and I shoot all my videos in 4K. So if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, or smartphone, or television, turn them on right now because it is your best way to check out the quality condition options, and of course, cleanliness of the vehicle before seeing it in person. And as you go down the driver's side, I didn't see any dents, I didn't see any dings, looks very nice and clean. Front fender is in fantastic condition. And if you like the video, you can subscribe to my YouTube channel, which is youtube.com slash summit auto. Click the bell notifications and you'll get updates on the videos I do each and every day here at Summit Automotive. This one comes with the 20 inch polished aluminum wheels, and it has continental cross contact 275 55R20s, and they have a good amount of tread left on them in the front here. I would say probably 60%. Once again, front fender is in excellent shape. You get the projector style headlamps, the LED running lights, and the factory fog lights. Front bumper is in excellent condition. It does have the front bumper parking sensors, and you get the chrome trim on the outline of the grille there. The hood is in fantastic condition as well. Didn't see any dents or dings on there. And the passenger side front fender is in excellent shape too. Passenger side rim is in pretty nice condition. Maybe a couple little nicks there, but nothing too bad. Quick silver metallic's got just a little bit of metal flake to it, really a good looking color. And as you go down this side of this 2020 GMC Yukon, take note of how clean the body is, how reflective, and mirror like that paint is. I take these HD videos, so if you are far away or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down, but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle, you can see the vehicle, hear the vehicle, and have confidence in what you're looking at before you even get here. So when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises. You can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at. If this video helps you make that buying decision, let your salesmen know that you saw the video that was helpful and that bread sent you. Back tires have just as much tread as the front tires, maybe even a little bit more. And the frame and underbody is in really nice condition. Maybe a little dusty, but looks really good. Didn't see much for corrosion. And it comes with the nice factory running boards. Coming around to the back of the vehicle, the rear bumper is in nice shape. It does have the backup parking sensors. I didn't see any dense things, cracks on there. Full towing package, which includes a receiver hitch and seven pin wiring. We do have the hitch cover for this vehicle. We always put them in back so they don't get stolen. And the rear gate is in really nice shape too. It is a power lift gate. You get the LED tail lamps back here. There's your hitch cover. That's in nice condition. You do get a little bit of a storage bin back here. And these third row seats are a manual fold down. So you just flip that handle like so, and you can see just how nice and flat that they go. And then the second row seat is goes flat as well, which is really nice if you have to haul a bunch of extra stuff. So to get this gate down, you can press that button right there. It'll come on down for you. And you also get the rear flipper glass. You can see the rear defrosts are attached nicely and that the shocks are working nicely as well. That's nice if you've got a boat or a camper on the back and you can open up the gate all the way. You can still get to your stuff in the back. For full disclosure, this back wheel is in excellent shape as well. No scuffs or scrapes. And once again, down the rest of this side, all looks really good. You get the power mirrors with the driver's side blind spot mirror.  There are no rips or tears on the seats. They are in very nice condition. Power driver's seat, factory all-weather floor mats. Both these front seats are heated.  Power windows, locks and mirrors, memory driver's seat, Bose sound. You also have a lock child safety locks for the back doors. Second row seating, you get the quad seats back here. So the two buckets, latch child safety system, all-weather floor mat throughout back here. And rear air controls. You also have a 110-volt, 150-watt plug-in, and then a 12-volt power point back here. These seats fold down and up like so to get to that third row. And those third row seats are in fantastic condition as well. Inside and bottoms of the doors all look fantastic, which you'd expect in 2020. But you always wanna make sure. We'll hop inside, check out the miles, the radio, and everything that this vehicle has to offer on the interior. You can see that this one has 29,070 miles digital spin-armored compass display. Instrument cluster is very nice and clean. Comes with the leather-wrapped steering wheel, cruise controls and forward collision warning controls on the left, Bluetooth and information center controls on the right. There is your automatic transmission with the optional tap shift. And this one comes with the GMC and TeleLink radio. It does have the factory navigation system on it. And you can see there's Highway 41, so that is working nicely. You also have your projection manager on here, so you can project your cell phone to the screen via Android Auto or Apple CarPlay. And there is a storage bin behind there with a USB power point. You also get a CD player, dual climate controls, rear air controls, heated seat buttons, 12-volt power point, and then two USBs right there as well. Hascender side, floor mat and seat are in fantastic condition. I don't think this vehicle has ever been smoked in and the headliner is in very nice shape as well. Power sunroof, up here you get map lights, home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems, rear gate controls and power sunroof controls. On-star and SOS buttons in the rear view mirror. We'll start it up and take a look under the hood. Starts right up, note check engine lights or anything like that. You can see your backup camera is working nicely. All stuff you wanna know. Last thing you wanna do is drive somewhere and half the stuff doesn't work on it. That's why we put them through the inspection. And I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video, you've been able to verify the quality condition options and of course, cleanliness of this vehicle inside and out. Under the hood, we have the 5.3 liter V8 gas engine engine bay is very clean, runs very smooth. Once again, this vehicle has been fully safety to inspect by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change. 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So, this is my second tutorial class and we will be solving some problems from simple linear regression, multiple linear regression and also may be ill conditioning of the coefficient matrix X. So, here is the problem 3, because problem 1 and 2 we solved in the previous tutorial. So, this says that there are very few occasions where it makes sense to fit a model without an intercept beta naught. If there are occasion to fit the model Y equal to beta X plus epsilon, that is a model without any intercept to a set of data X 1 Y 1 X 2 Y 2 X n Y n, then the least square estimate of this beta would be this. So, we will check this part, what is the least square estimate for beta, let me call it beta hat for a model without any intercept beta naught. And then the second part is that, suppose you have a programmed calculator that will fit only the intercept model Y equal to beta naught plus beta 1 X plus epsilon, but you want to fit non-intercept model. So, you have some programmed calculator that fit only intercept model, but you want to fit non-intercept model. Now, the question is by adding one more fake data, say m X bar m Y bar, where m is a function of n and letting the calculator fit the intercept model, can you estimate this beta by using beta 1 hat. So, this is the problem, maybe I will try to explain it once more the problem itself. So, what we are given is that, we are given a set of data X 1 Y 1 X 2 Y 2 and X n Y n and you want to fit a non-intercept model like Y equal to beta X plus epsilon, but we have a programmed calculator for fitting this model, model with intercept that is Y equal to beta naught plus beta 1 X plus epsilon. So, we have a program to fit this model and we know that for this model beta naught is the estimate of beta naught is equal to Y bar minus beta 1 hat X bar and beta 1 hat is equal to S X Y by S X X that means, this is X i minus X bar into Y i minus Y bar by summation X i minus X bar square. So, we have a program to calculate these two things given a set of data, but what we want we want to fit this model to the given data and it says that the question says that the least square estimate for beta here is equal to summation X i Y i by summation X i square. First check this one, what is the least square estimate for beta in the non-intercept model. So, to find the least square estimate for beta what we do is that we minimize this function S which is equal to Y i minus Y i hat, this is the ith residual and we know that this one is equal to Y i minus Y i hat I can minimize by beta hat X i right and then the least square estimate of beta hat is obtained by minimizing this function with respect to beta. So, d s you differentiate it with respect to beta that equal to 0 implies that summation Y i minus beta hat X i into X i equal to 0, which implies that beta hat is equal to summation X i Y i X i Y i by X i square. So, we prove that you know the least square estimate for beta is this quantity. Now, the problem is that we want to find this beta using the program calculators we have. Let me see the question once more, suppose we have a programmed calculator that will fit only the intercept model this one, but we want to fit a non-intercept model. Now, the question is by adding one more fact data say this one can we estimate beta by using beta 1 hat that means by using this program. So, at this moment we have the data X i X 1 Y 1 X 2 Y 2 and X n Y n and X i X i if you add one more data say n plus one-th data that is m X bar n sorry m X bar and m Y bar where m is equal to m is equal to n by n plus 1 to the power of half minus 1 and this is equal to say n by a. Then what is a? a is from here I can write that a plus 1 square is equal to n plus 1. Now, what we will do is that we want to estimate X beta plus epsilon we want to estimate beta hat which is equal to X i Y i by X i bar, but we do not have program for this one. We have program for estimating the model intercept model that is Y equal to beta naught plus beta 1 X plus epsilon and the programed calculator gives us beta 1 hat equal to summation X i Y i minus n X bar Y bar by summation X i square n X bar square. Now, we will use this formula for the revised data let me call this data as u v. Now, for this new data which is now involving n plus 1 points what is u bar? u bar is equal to n X bar plus the new data m X bar, m is nothing but n by a X bar by n plus 1. So, this one is equal to n X bar into a plus 1 by a plus 1 by n X bar plus 1 by n X bar plus 1 by n plus 1. So, we know that n plus 1 is a plus 1 whole square. So, I can write it this way I can write this one as n X bar by a into a plus 1.   So, that is what I wrote here and here i is from 1 to n and this is the n plus 1 th data and this one can be written as summation X i square plus n square by S square into X square minus n plus 1 u bar square. What is u bar square? u bar is this quantity. So, n square X bar square by S square into a plus 1 into a plus square. So, I can cancel out these two things and then you can see that this term is same as this term. So, you are left with summation X i square. So, S u u is equal to X i square from i equal to 1 to n and similarly you can prove that similarly you can prove that S u v is equal to summation X i y i.  So, you prove that you know using the programmed calculator if you use if you add a fake data here at the end then you can estimate the model without intercept using the formula of model including the intercept. So, that is what we proved just now. Now, let me consider another problem. So, call this problem 4. So, this one says that fit the model y equal to beta naught plus beta 1 X 1 plus beta 2 X 2 plus epsilon to the data given below. So, here we have 2 regressors X 1 and X 2 and one response variable y and what you have to do is that you provide an an over table this is quite straight forward problem and perform the partial F test to test H naught that beta i equal to 0 against H 1 that beta i is not equal to 0 for i equal to 1 to 0. So, given the other variable is already in the model. So, to test the significance of ith regressor in the presence of other regressors in the model. So, let me do till this one and then you said that comment on the relative contribution of the variables X 1 and X 2 depending on whether they entered the model first or second. I will come to this point later on. So, it is a multiple linear regression problem involving 2 regressors and we are given the data like for X 1, X 2 and Y. So, we have to fit the model that means we have to estimate the parameters beta naught, beta 1 and beta 2. So, once we are done with the estimation of the parameters then we can have the an over table and after getting the an over table we estimate sorry we test the significance of the model that is called the global test and after the global test what we will do we will go for the partial F test to test the significance of the ith regressor in the presence of other regressors and after that we just sort of compare the relative contribution of X 1 and X 2 I mean which is more significant to explain the variability in Y. So, this is the given data for 2 regressors and 1 response variable and we have to fit the model. The model is Y equal to beta naught plus beta 1 X 1 plus beta 2 X 2 plus epsilon and we know how to fit this model. So, what I will do is that. So, first we will write down the X matrix. So, X matrix you can see that this is corresponds to X naught which all 1 and then the X 1 and X 2. So, once you have the X matrix you know that the estimator beta hat is equal to X prime X inverse X prime Y. So, you are given Y you know X you can compute you can check that beta naught is equal to 46 by 7 beta 1 is equal to 1 and beta 2 is equal to 1 and beta 2 is equal to 2. So, the fitted model is this one this is the fitted model Y hat is equal to 46 by 7 plus X 2 beta 1 X 1 beta 1 is equal to 1 and beta 2 X 2 beta 2 is equal to 2. So, this is the fitted model. Now, what we have to do is that once we have the fitted model we will go for the ANOVA table. So, ANOVA table. So, the source and then degree of freedom sum of square m s and the a value and the source is here the total.  So, you can check that this is equal to 73.71. So, my s s total is 73.71 and we know y hat i values and then we know the original observed values also. So, y i so from here you can compute e i the i th residual and then you can compute the s s residual also. So, s s residual is nothing but summation e i square i is from 1 to n. So, you can check that the s s residual is 1.71. So, this is residual and then we are left with the regression. So, the regression you can check that this is the original that the regression is 72.00. Now, here is the problem how many observations we have we have 7 observations. So, the degree of freedom for s s total is 6 and then the residual degree of freedom would be 4 because there are 7 e i's and there are 3 restriction because of 3 parameters. So, the degree of freedom for the residual is 4 and the regression has degree of freedom 2.  So, the f statistic value is 36.00 by 0.43 which is equal to 83.72. So, the f statistic value is 36.00 by 0.43 which is equal to 83.72. So, using this f value this is this is the total variability in the response about the mean. So, this is the and this is the part of total variability which is explained by this model and this is the part which remain unexplained. So, we can test the significance of the fitted model by testing this hypothesis that H naught that beta 1 is equal to beta 2 is equal to 0. So, this says that the fitted model is not significant against the alternative hypothesis that H naught is not true. That means, the alternative hypothesis says that the fitted model is significant and you can clearly see that the model is very significant because it is almost 99 percent of the total variability is explained by the fitted equation. So, how to test this one? This one can be test using the f statistics given here. So, the observed f value which is equal to 83.72 and you compare with compare this value with the tabulated value. What is the degree of freedom for f? So, f follows here f has degree of freedom 2 4. Now, you check the tabulated value of f 0.0524 from the f table that you can check that this one is 6.94. So, the observed value is greater than the tabulated value which implies that H naught is rejected. So, the global test says that the fitted model is significant. Now, what we will do is that there are two regressor variable in the model. We will test the significance of say x 2 first in the presence of x 1. So, we will test whether x 2 is significant in the presence of x 1 when x 1 is there in the model and then again similarly, what we will do is that we will test the significance of x 1 in the presence of x 2 in the model. So, those things we will do using partial f test also we can go for t test. So, now we will go for partial f test. So, we test H naught. So, we test H naught that beta 2 is equal to 0 against the H 1 that beta 2 is not equal to 0 and this is this test is in the presence of x 1 in the model. So, how do you test this one?  So, S S regression for the full model minus S S regression for the restricted model restricted model. And we will see you can check that this has to be divided by 1 by 1 minus S S regression MS residual. We know what is the full model? Full model is y equal to beta naught plus beta 1 x 1 plus beta 2 x 2 plus epsilon and the restricted model is the model under H naught. So, restricted model is basically y equal to beta naught plus beta 1 x 1 plus beta 1 plus epsilon. So, we know what is S S regression for the full model? So, if you look at the ANOVA table we know that S S regression for the full model is 72. So, here we will put 72 minus now to find the S S regression for this restricted model what you have to do is that you have to fit a model with x 1 alone. That means, you have to fit this model and you can check that the fitted model would be y hat is equal to 46 by 7 minus 66 by 68 into x 1. So, you are given the data x 1, x 2, y. So, you can fit a model between x 1 and y. You know how that is that means, a simple linear regression. So, this is the fitted model and once you have the fitted model you can compute the S S regression due to this model that is nothing but 64.06. You check this one. Now, this has degree of freedom 2 and this has degree of freedom 1. I hope you know why that is. So, 2 minus 1 is equal to 1. So, you divide this by 1 and now the MS residual from the ANOVA table from MS residual is 0.43. So, we put that MS residual is 0.43. So, this one is equal to 18.53 and we know that this F statistic has degree of freedom 1, 4.4 is the residual degree of freedom. Now, you find the tabulated value of F 0.0514 that is equal to 7.71 and you have the observed value F that is 18.53. So, this test says that yes beta 0.4 is equal to 0.4. So, this 2 is significant. So, this means H naught is rejected. So, H naught is rejected at 5 percent level of significance. So, at the 5 percent level of significance we can say that X 2 is significance in the presence of X 1 in the model. Now, let us check whether this is significant at 0.01 level of significance. So, compute you find the value of tabulated value of F 0.114 that you can check that this is equal to 21.20. So, the F value is less than this one. So, here H naught is accepted that means at 1 percent level of significance X 2 is not significant in the presence of X 1. Whereas, at the 5 percent level of significance X 2 is significant in the presence of X 1. So, that is the conclusion of this partial test. So, at least you know at 5 percent level of significance we observed that beta 2 is significant or X 2 is significant in the presence of X 1. Now, what we will do is that we will check the significance of X 1 in the presence of X 2. So, we will go for the partial test say H naught that is beta 1 equal to 0 against the alternative hypothesis H 1 that beta 1 is not equal to 0. So, here same thing we the statistic for testing this hypothesis is F which is SS regression for the full model minus X 1 minus X 2 minus SS regression for the restricted model and here it should be divided by 1 by M S residual. So, here what is the restricted model here? Here the restricted model is Y equal to beta naught plus beta 2 X 2 plus epsilon because the restricted model is the model under H naught. So, again you have to fit model with X 2 alone and you can check that the fitted model is Y hat equal to 46 by 7 plus 69 by 68 X 2 and once you have the fitted model you can find out the SS regression. So, SS regression is equal to 70.01. So, this one is greater than the SS regression we got for the model with X 1 alone that was 64 anyway. So, this one is equal to the 72 is SS regression for the full model and this one is 70.01 by M S residual we know that is 0.43. So, this one is equal to 4.64. Now, you check so your observed value is 4.64 and the tabulated value f 0.0514 here that is equal to 7.71. So, the observed value is less than the tabulated value that means H naught is accepted. What is the meaning of this one? That means beta naught 1 sorry that means beta 1 equal to 0 when beta 2 X 2 is in the model beta 1 equal to 0 is accepted. So, the implication of this one is that if X 2 is there in the model we do not need X 1 because you can see that the full model can explain 72 I mean for the full model SS regression is 72 and for the model involving only X 2 is 70. So, which is almost like full model right. So, the implication of this one is that implication is that if X 2 is in model we do not need X 1 X 2 is enough. So, if you have X 2 first in the model we do not need to include X 1, but if X 1 is in the model then we have tested that you know the significance of beta 2 in the presence of X 1 is significant. So, if X 1 is in the model then we include X 2. So, X 2 helps out significantly right. So, this is what the implication of these two partial test and let me also conclude that thus X 2 is clearly the more useful variable and X 2 is the more useful variable. It explains I will compute the coefficient of determination R square for X 2 itself. So, for the model involving X 2 alone we have observed that the SS regression is 70.01 and the total variability is in the response variable is for SS T is 73.71. That means the 95 percent of the total variability is explained by X 2 alone. So, 95 percent of the variability in Y. So, it explains 95 percent of the variability in Y about whereas, X 1 explained let me compute R square. So, along with only X 1 in the model the SS regression was 64.06 by SS T that is 73.71. So, this is 86 percent. So, X 1 explained 86 percent of the total variability in Y about mean. So, X 1 explained 95 percent of the total variability in Y whereas, sorry X 2 explained 95 percent of the total variability in Y whereas, X 1 explains 86 percent of the total variability in Y and X 1 and X 2 together explain 72 by 73.71 that is 97 percent of total variability in Y. So, the conclusion is that X 2 is more useful regression variable than X 1 because X 2 alone can explain 95 percent of the total variability and also X 2 is significant in the presence of X 1. Whereas, X 1 explained 86 percent of the total variability and X 1 is not significant in the presence of X 2. But one more thing you know I just want to say this problem is particularly interesting because of the one more fact that here you can see that the data here you can see that they are X 1 and X 2 are not independent I mean X 1 can be written in terms of X 2. In fact, you can check that X 1 plus X 2 is almost equal to 0. So, these two regression variable are dependent. So, this sort of indicates that you know there could be multicollinearity I mean in fact, there is multicollinearity in the in this data and that is why the test also says that you know you do not need X 1 if X 2 is present in the model. So, it is enough to keep only X 2 in the model I mean both X 1 and X 2 are not required. So, next we will be considering another problem. So, this problem is let me call it problem 5. So, it says that can we use the data below to get a unique fit to the model Y equal to beta naught plus beta 1 X 1 plus beta 2 X 1 plus beta 2 X 2. So, X 2 plus beta 3 X 3 plus epsilon. So, can we fit this model uniquely using this data that is the question. So, you look at the data carefully. So, this involves how many parameters it has 1, 2, 3, 4 parameter and we have this problem. This data so it is a multiple linear regression model with 3 regressors. So, you can write it in this form Y equal to X beta plus epsilon and then we know that we know how to estimate this regression coefficients uniquely. We know that beta hat is equal to X prime X inverse X prime Y and what is the problem here then? Why it says that can we use the data below to get a unique fit to the model? Why not? So, look at the X matrix here. So, I have included X naught here. So, X naught means beta naught X naught and then X 1, X 2 and X 3 and you know that X 1 column corresponds to this column. Then simply I will compute X prime X inverse and then I get the estimate right, but is there any problem here? So, we need to check whether there exist whether this all this columns are independent or not. Here I can see that X 1 plus X 2 plus X 3 is equal to 0. That means the columns of this matrix are not independent which implies that X prime X is a singular. So, X 1 plus X 2 plus X 3 right and then we if it is. So, the determinant of X prime X is going I mean it is singular. So, determinant of X prime X is going to be 0. So, you cannot compute the inverse of this X prime X matrix. So, that is why the problem know you cannot compute the beta uniquely here. So, the ultimate answer to this question is no. So, we cannot use the data below to get a unique fit to this model. So, this problem is related to the yield conditioning of X matrix right. So, today we consider three problems you know first problem was from the simple linear regression model. The second problem was very standard problem in multiple linear regression model and the problem was very interesting you know it is sort of you have two regressors and then we finally, we observed that you know X 2 is significant in the presence of X 1. So, but whereas, X 1 is not significant in the presence of X 2. So, X 2 is more useful regressor variable than X 1 for the given data and finally, we observed that the two regressors are not independent. So, there exist multicollinearity that is why one variable is enough to explain the total variability in the response variable and the finally, the fifth problem was about the yield conditioning of the coefficient matrix. So, in the next tutorial again we know we will discuss some more problem. Thank you.